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Lu YY, Chen HE, Chen WL. Negative Association of Serum β-Cryptoxanthin With Benzene and Its Derivatives. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:397-403. [PMID: 38227813 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2300429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Benzene is widely recognized as a potential carcinogen. Furthermore, the deficiency of specific nutrients may render individuals more vulnerable to cancer. For instance, β-cryptoxanthin, which possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, has been identified as one such nutrient. Elevated benzene levels and reduced β-cryptoxanthin levels are reportedly correlated with an augmented susceptibility to cancer. To date, whether these 2 substances are linked with one another in the above correlation is yet to be determined. METHOD This study included 1358 participants with data on the serum concentration of β-cryptoxanthin as well as benzene and its derivatives. The data were sourced from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey of the noninstitutionalized US population. Headspace solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was used to measure serum benzene and its derivatives, while high-performance liquid chromatography using multiwavelength photodiode-array absorbance detection was employed to quantify serum β-cryptoxanthin. RESULTS In this study, male and female participants showed average β-cryptoxanthin levels of 9.10 ± 6.35 and 9.92 ± 8.95 ug/dL, respectively (p = 0.049). Styrene exhibited the strongest correlation with the change in β-cryptoxanthin concentration (β = -3.30, p for trend <0.001) upon comparing highest-quartile participants with those in the lowest quartile, followed by benzene (β = -2.95, p for trend <0.001), toluene (β = -2.90, p for trend <0.001), and ethylbenzene (β = -1.43, p for trend = 0.09). Subgroup analysis by sex displayed a statistically significant negative correlation of β-cryptoxanthin with benzene, styrene, and toluene in both the unadjusted and multivariate-adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS The sera of noninstitutionalized US individuals exhibit a negative association of β-cryptoxanthin levels with benzene and its derivatives. Styrene demonstrates the strongest link with a substantial decline in serum β-cryptoxanthin levels, followed by benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yang Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-En Chen
- Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Xu F, Wang B, Hu J, Cai N, Han L, Jiang M, Zhao Y, Zhu B. Optimization of benzene exposure risk assessment: An integrated approach utilizing internal and external concentrations with a focus on biomarkers S-PMA & t, t-MA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171719. [PMID: 38490405 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
In the majority of occupational settings within China, the concentrations of benzene are observed to fall markedly below the demarcated detection thresholds. Employing traditional risk assessment models, the presence of exceptionally low airborne benzene exposure concentrations may infuse heightened degrees of uncertainty. Consequently, the necessity arises to investigate risk assessment methodologies more apt for the prevalent exposure environment among employees. In the present study, a pharmacokinetic model premised on urinary benzene metabolites (S-PMA and t, t-MA) was employed to ascertain a more precise daily airborne benzene exposure concentration per individual. This value was integrated into the linear multistage model as the 'internal exposure concentration'. In conjunction with the U.S National Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) inhalation risk assessment model predicated on the external exposure concentration, the Singapore Ministry of Manpower's (MOM) model, and the linear multistage (LMS) model, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects of benzene were evaluated for 1781 benzene-exposed employees across 76 enterprises in Jiangsu Province. Findings suggest that in the linear multilevel model assessment, the cancer risk levels based on t, t-MA and S-PMA were higher in the printing and recording media reproduction industry, automobile manufacturing industry, general equipment manufacturing industry and the furniture manufacturing industry (median 2.842 × 10-4, 2.819 × 10-4, 2.809 × 10-4, and 2.678 × 10-4), which align more consistently with the actual benzene exposure circumstances of each industry's study participants, with overall risk levels calculated by the linear multistage model exceeding those of the EPA inhalation risk assessment model and the MOM model. This implies that the linear multistage model of internal exposure, based on the reciprocal of benzene biomarkers S-PMA and t, t-MA for airborne benzene exposure, presents enhanced sensitivity and suitability for the current occupational health risk assessment of workers. Without doubt, biomarker-based benzene exposure risk assessment emerges as the optimal choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Boshen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Preventive Medical Association, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Na Cai
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lei Han
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Preventive Medical Association, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minyun Jiang
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Preventive Medical Association, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Jin K, Zhu F, Wu B, Li M, Wang X, Cheng X, Li M, Huang D, Xing C. Leukemia risk assessment of exposure to low-levels of benzene based on the linearized multistage model. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1355739. [PMID: 38807987 PMCID: PMC11130436 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1355739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess leukemia risk in occupational populations exposed to low levels of benzene. Methods Leukemia incidence data from the Chinese Benzene Cohort Study were fitted using the Linearized multistage (LMS) model. Individual benzene exposure levels, urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) and trans, trans-muconic acid (t, t-MA) were measured among 98 benzene-exposed workers from factories in China. Subjects were categorized into four groups by rounding the quartiles of cumulative benzene concentrations (< 3, 3-5, 5-12, ≥12 mg/m3·year, respectively). The risk of benzene-induced leukemia was assessed using the LMS model, and the results were validated using the EPA model and the Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment model. Results The leukemia risks showed a positive correlation with increasing cumulative concentration in the four exposure groups (excess leukemia risks were 4.34, 4.37, 4.44 and 5.52 × 10-4, respectively; Ptrend < 0.0001) indicated by the LMS model. We also found that the estimated leukemia risk using urinary t, t-MA in the LMS model was more similar to those estimated by airborne benzene compared to S-PMA. The leukemia risk estimated by the LMS model was consistent with both the Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment model at all concentrations and the EPA model at high concentrations (5-12, ≥12 mg/m3·year), while exceeding the EPA model at low concentrations (< 3 and 3-5 mg/m3·year). However, in all four benzene-exposed groups, the leukemia risks estimated by these three models exceeded the lowest acceptable limit for carcinogenic risk set by the EPA at 1 × 10-6. Conclusion This study demonstrates the utility of the LMS model derived from the Chinese benzene cohort in assessing leukemia risk associated with low-level benzene exposure, and suggests that leukemia risk may occur at cumulative concentrations below 3 mg/m3·year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fukang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Minyan Li
- Institute of Occupational Health, Tianjin Bohai Chemical Industry Group Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiurong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Occupational Health Monitoring and Evaluation, Department of Jinan Railway Disease Control and Prevention Center, Jinan, China
| | - Deyin Huang
- Institute of Occupational Health, Tianjin Bohai Chemical Industry Group Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Caihong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Wang J, Ma Y, Tang L, Li D, Xie J, Sun Y, Tian Y. Long-Term Exposure to Low Concentrations of Ambient Benzene and Mortality in a National English Cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:987-994. [PMID: 38128545 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202308-1440oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Benzene affects human health through environmental exposure in addition to occupational contact. However, few studies have examined the associations between long-term exposure to low concentrations of ambient benzene and mortality risks in nonoccupational settings.Methods: This prospective cohort study consists of 393,042 participants without stroke, myocardial infarction, or cancer at baseline from the UK Biobank. Annual average concentrations of benzene for each year during follow-up were measured using air dispersion models. The main outcomes were all-cause mortality and mortality from specific causes. Cox proportional-hazards models with time-varying exposure measurements were used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality risks. Restricted cubic spline models were used to estimate exposure-response relationships.Measurements and Main Results: With each interquartile range increase in the average annual concentration of benzene, the adjusted hazard ratios of mortality risk from all causes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.24-1.27), 1.24 (95% CI, 1.21-1.28), 1.27 (95% CI, 1.25-1.29), and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.20-1.30), respectively. The monotonically increasing exposure-response curves showed no threshold and plateau within the observed concentration range. Furthermore, the effect of benzene exposure on mortality persisted across different subgroups and was somewhat stronger in younger and White people (P for interaction < 0.05).Conclusions: Long-term exposure to low concentrations of ambient benzene significantly increases mortality risk in the general population. Ambient benzene represents a potential threat to public health, and further investigations are needed to support timely pollution regulation and health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating)
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, and
| | - Yudiyang Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating)
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, and
| | - Linxi Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating)
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, and
| | - Dankang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating)
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, and
| | - Junqing Xie
- Center for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, The Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating)
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, and
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Vallée M. How Government Health Agencies Obscure the Impact of Environmental Pollution and Perpetuate Reductionist Framings of Disease: The Case of Leukemia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND HEALTH SERVICES 2024; 54:28-39. [PMID: 37099622 PMCID: PMC10797827 DOI: 10.1177/27551938231169119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1970s, environmental health researchers have documented environmental pollution's impacts on human health, which includes the bioaccumulation of industrial chemicals and how these toxicants contribute to disease. However, the relationship between disease and pollution is often difficult to discern in the disease information provided by dominant institutions. Previous scholarship has identified that print media, television news, online medical publishers, and medical associations consistently obscure the environmental causation frame. However, less has been said about disease information provided by public health agencies. To address this gap, I analyzed the leukemia information provided by Cancer Australia, the United States' National Institutes of Health, and the United Kingdom's National Health Service. My analysis shows that the disease information offered by these health agencies also obscures the environmental causation frame by failing to identify most toxicants that environmental health researchers have linked to leukemia and by emphasizing a biomedical framing of the medical condition. Beyond documenting the problem, this article also discusses the social consequences and sources of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vallée
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Sociology and Criminology, The University of Auckland, 58 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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Garnier R. [Environmental and occupational risk factors for myelodysplastic syndrome]. Bull Cancer 2023; 110:1116-1128. [PMID: 37419729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2023.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for a previous cancer can lead to subsequent myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, these therapy-related cases are hypothesized to explain only 5 % of diagnosed MDS cases. Environmental or occupational exposure to chemicals or radiations has also been reported to be associated with higher risk of MDS. The present review analyses those studies evaluating the association of MDS with environmental or occupational risk factors. There is sufficient evidence that environmental or occupational exposure to ionizing radiation or benzene can cause MDS. Tobacco smoking is also a sufficiently documented riskfactor for MDS. A positive association has been reported between exposure to pesticides and MDS. However, there is only limited evidence that this association could be causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Garnier
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux universitaires Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal-Saint-Louis, Centre antipoison de Paris, FedTox, Paris, France.
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7
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Babcock S, Calvo KR, Hasserjian RP. Pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome. Semin Diagn Pathol 2023; 40:152-171. [PMID: 37173164 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Han L, Zhang W, Wang J, Jing J, Zhang L, Liu Z, Gao A. Shikonin targets to m6A-modified oxidative damage pathway to alleviate benzene-induced testicular injury. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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D'Souza LC, Kuriakose N, Raghu SV, Kabekkodu SP, Sharma A. ROS-directed activation of Toll/NF-κB in the hematopoietic niche triggers benzene-induced emergency hematopoiesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:190-201. [PMID: 36216301 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells/progenitor cells (HSC/HPCs) orchestrate the hematopoietic process, effectively regulated by the hematopoietic niche under normal and stressed conditions. The hematopoietic niche provides various soluble factors which influence the differentiation and self-renewal of HSC/HSPs. Unceasing differentiation/proliferation/high metabolic activity of HSC/HPCs makes them susceptible to damage by environmental toxicants like benzene. Oxidative stress, epigenetic modifications, and DNA damage in the HSC/HPCs are the key factors of benzene-induced hematopoietic injury. However, the role of the hematopoietic niche in benzene-induced hematopoietic injury/response is still void. Therefore, the current study aims to unravel the role of the hematopoietic niche in benzene-induced hematotoxicity using a genetically tractable model, Drosophila melanogaster. The lymph gland is a dedicated hematopoietic organ in Drosophila larvae. A group of 30-45 cells called the posterior signaling center (PSC) in the lymph gland acts as a niche that regulates Drosophila HSC/HPCs maintenance. Benzene exposure to Drosophila larvae (48 h) resulted in aberrant hemocyte production, especially hyper-differentiation of lamellocytes followed by premature lymph gland dispersal and reduced adult emergence upon developmental exposure. Subsequent genetic experiments revealed that benzene-induced lamellocyte production and premature lymph gland dispersal were PSC mediated. The genetic experiments further showed that benzene generates Dual oxidase (Duox)-dependent Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the PSC, activating Toll/NF-κB signaling, which is essential for the aberrant hemocyte production, lymph gland dispersal, and larval survival. Together, the study establishes a functional perspective of the hematopoietic niche in a benzene-induced hematopoietic emergency in a genetic model, Drosophila, which might be relevant to higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Clinton D'Souza
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Nithin Kuriakose
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India; Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Proteomics and Cancer Biology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Konaje, Karnataka, 574199, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
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Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a family of myeloid cancers with diverse genotypes and phenotypes characterized by ineffective haematopoiesis and risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Some epidemiological data indicate that MDS incidence is increasing in resource-rich regions but this is controversial. Most MDS cases are caused by randomly acquired somatic mutations. In some patients, the phenotype and/or genotype of MDS overlaps with that of bone marrow failure disorders such as aplastic anaemia, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) and AML. Prognostic systems, such as the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R), provide reasonably accurate predictions of survival at the population level. Therapeutic goals in individuals with lower-risk MDS include improving quality of life and minimizing erythrocyte and platelet transfusions. Therapeutic goals in people with higher-risk MDS include decreasing the risk of AML transformation and prolonging survival. Haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) can cure MDS, yet fewer than 10% of affected individuals receive this treatment. However, how, when and in which patients with HCT for MDS should be performed remains controversial, with some studies suggesting HCT is preferred in some individuals with higher-risk MDS. Advances in the understanding of MDS biology offer the prospect of new therapeutic approaches.
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Cui S, Pang B, Yan H, Wu B, Li M, Xing C, Li J. Using Urinary Biomarkers to Estimate the Benzene Exposure Levels in Individuals Exposed to Benzene. TOXICS 2022; 10:636. [PMID: 36355928 PMCID: PMC9698901 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Urinary benzene metabolites trans, trans-muconic acid (t, t-MA), and S-phenyl mercapturic acid (S-PMA) are often used as biomarkers of internal exposure to benzene. However, there are few reports on using urinary benzene metabolites to estimate airborne benzene concentrations in individuals exposed to benzene. In this study, t, t-MA, and S-PMA were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS, and a simple pharmacokinetic model was used to calculate the daily intake (DI) of benzene based on the levels of urinary t, t-MA, and S-PMA in occupational individuals. The back-calculated airborne benzene levels (BCABL) were obtained from the DI of benzene. Among the exposed subjects (n = 84), the median BCABL (3.67 mg/m3) based on t, t-MA was very close to the median level of measured airborne benzene (3.27 mg/m3, p = 0.171), and there was no effect of smoking or dietary habits on t, t-MA-based BCABL. In the control subjects (n = 49), the levels of measured airborne benzene were all below the quantitation limit (0.024 mg/m3), and the BCABL (0.002-0.25 mg/m3) calculated by S-PMA was close to this background level. Our study suggests that the t, t-MA-based BCABL can reflect the actual airborne benzene level in a range of 1.10-86.91 mg/m3 and that the S-PMA-based BCABL is more reliable for non-professional benzene exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Cui
- Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huifang Yan
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Science and Technology Research Center of China Customs, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Jinan Railway Disease Control and Prevention Center, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Caihong Xing
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Hygienic Inspection, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Evaluating Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Responses Induced by Low-Level VOCs in Zebrafish: Benzene as an Example. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070351. [PMID: 35878256 PMCID: PMC9324908 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urban environments are plagued by complex mixtures of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as mixtures of benzene, toluene, ethylene, and xylene (BTEX). Sources of BTEX that drive human exposure include vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, off-gassing of building material, as well as oil spillage and leakage. Among the BTEX mixture, benzene is the most volatile compound and has been linked to numerous adverse health outcomes. However, few studies have focused on the effects of low-level benzene on exposure during early development, which is a susceptible window when hematological, immune, metabolic, and detoxification systems are immature. In this study, we used zebrafish to conduct a VOC exposure model and evaluated phenotypic and transcriptomic responses following 0.1 and 1 ppm benzene exposure during the first five days of embryogenesis (n = 740 per treatment). The benzene body burden was 2 mg/kg in 1 ppm-exposed larval zebrafish pools and under the detection limit in 0.1 ppm-exposed fish. No observable phenotypic changes were found in both larvae except for significant skeletal deformities in 0.1 ppm-exposed fish (p = 0.01) compared with unexposed fish. Based on transcriptomic responses, 1 ppm benzene dysregulated genes that were implicated with the development of hematological system, and the regulation of oxidative stress response, fatty acid metabolism, immune system, and inflammatory response, including apob, nfkbiaa, serpinf1, foxa1, cyp2k6, and cyp2n13 from the cytochrome P450 gene family. Key genes including pik3c2b, pltp, and chia.2 were differentially expressed in both 1 and 0.1 ppm exposures. However, fewer transcriptomic changes were induced by 0.1 ppm compared with 1 ppm. Future studies are needed to determine if these transcriptomic responses during embryogenesis have long-term consequences at levels equal to or lower than 1 ppm.
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Ferroptosis is involved in the benzene-induced hematotoxicity in mice via iron metabolism, oxidative stress and NRF2 signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 362:110004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Lu F, Zhang Q, Zhang M, Sun S, Yang X, Yan H. Blocking exosomal secretion aggravates 1,4-Benzoquinone-induced mitochondrial fission activated by the AMPK/MFF/Drp1 pathway in HL-60 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1618-1627. [PMID: 35383983 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is in vivo and in vitro evidence that exposure to benzene or its metabolites could affect the mitochondrial function. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of mitochondrial damage remains to be elucidated. In this study, exposure of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) to 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ; an active metabolite of benzene) increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate production and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, up-regulated the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins Drp1 and Fis1, and down-regulated the expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins Mfn2 and Opa1. Further study showed that 1,4-BQ mediated mitochondrial fission through activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase/mitochondrial fission factor/dynamin-related protein 1 pathway. Additionally, we also examined the role of exosomal secretion in mitochondrial damage under 1,4-BQ treatment. Results showed that 1,4-BQ increased the total protein level and mtDNA content in exosomes. Upon pre-treatment with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS-31, there was attenuation of the mitochondrial damage induced by 1,4-BQ, accompanied by a change in the exosome release characteristics, while inhibition of exosomal secretion using GW4869 aggravated the 1,4-BQ-mediated mitochondrial fission. We concluded that exosomal secretion may serve as a self-protective mechanism of cells against 1,4-BQ-induced mitochondria damage and mitochondrial dynamics interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qilu Medical University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Mengyan Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shuqiang Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xinjun Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hongtao Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, PR China
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15
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Tolosa Rodríguez MA, Rojas Becerra MDR, Vaca Alvarado LJ, Piñeros Aranguren AS. Actividades económicas, laborales, ambientales y aditivas con exposición a benceno y el desarrollo de leucemia mieloide aguda. REPERTORIO DE MEDICINA Y CIRUGÍA 2022. [DOI: 10.31260/repertmedcir.01217372.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción: el benceno es un hidrocarburo aromático obtenido por destilación del alquitrán utilizado en gasolineras y como solvente industrial, clasificado como cancerígeno por exposición ocupacional o ambiental. Está relacionado con el desarrollo de leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) por su absorción principal por vía inhalatoria, y su metabolismo hepático con producción de benzoquinona de alta liposolubilidad que le permite depositarse en la médula ósea y tejido graso. Objetivo: analizar la asociación de las formas de exposición por actividades económicas, oficios, cargos, exposición ambiental y aditiva con el desarrollo de LMA. Materiales y métodos: revisión sistemática de la literatura en las bases de datos Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Cochrane Library, Toxnet y OpenGrey, en inglés y español con los términos benzene, cancer, leukemia, occupational and enviromental exposition. Resultados: la mayoría de los estudios muestran una relación causal entre la exposición a benceno y el desarrollo de LMA, con predominio en ambientes laborales, seguidos de factores ambientales y aditivos como el humo del cigarrillo. Conclusiones: se encontró evidencia de asociación entre la exposición a benceno ocupacional y/o ambiental con el desarrollo de leucemia mieloide aguda, debido a que altera el estrés oxidativo y la desregulación del aryl hidrocarburo generando efectos citogenéticos, mutación genética y alteraciones epigenéticas que se expresan en hematotoxicidad y desarrollo de leucemia.
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16
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Sun Q, Wang B, Xu S, Cong X, Pu Y, Zhang J. Research development and trends of benzene-induced leukemia from 1990 to 2019-A bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:9626-9639. [PMID: 34997503 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is an occupational and environmental toxicant, causing hematopoietic damage. Our study is aimed to extract the trend of benzene-induced leukemia (BIL) and qualitatively and quantitatively estimate research on it. Publications on BIL were identified from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Microsoft Excel 2019 (Redmond, WA) and The CiteSpace 5.6.R5 software (Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA) were used to analyze the publication outcomes, countries, institutions, authors, keywords, and research frontiers. The overall 1152 publications were collected from 1990 to 2019 until November 6, 2020. Environ Health Persp had the highest number of articles published. The USA were the top country in terms of BIL. The Smith MT, Yin SN, Lan Q, and Hayes RB are both listed in the top 10 of co-cited authors, high contribution authors, and the authors of co-cited references. High IF articles account for a considerable proportion, among all the publications. Chinese institutions engaged in BIL and contributed a large part of articles. Exposure population, exposure dose, and exposure risk are the research hotspots in this field. The risk of benzene exposure on childhood leukemia is at issue, and the studies on attributable risk of benzene-induced leukemia are few. More early, sensitive, and specific epigenetic biomarkers of benzolism may be the leading research fields of benzene-induced leukemia in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Boshen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouxiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Cong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Guo X, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhang W, Ren J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Gao A. Plasma metabolomics study reveals the critical metabolic signatures for benzene-induced hematotoxicity. JCI Insight 2022; 7:154999. [PMID: 35076025 PMCID: PMC8855792 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- Research Center of Occupational Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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18
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Assessment of COVID-19 Lockdown Impact on the Air Quality in Eastern Spain: PM and BTX in Urban, Suburban and Rural Sites Exposed to Different Emissions. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic spread globally, and severe measures to control it were implemented. This study investigates the impact of the lockdown on the air quality of three provinces in the Valencia region, eastern Spain, in the years 2015–2020, focusing on particulate matter (PM). A thorough statistical analysis using different approaches is conducted. Hourly patterns are also assessed. In addition, the role of meteorological parameters on PM is explored. The results indicate an overall PM10 reduction of 16.5% when comparing the lockdown in 2020 and the 2015–2019 period, while PM2.5 increased by 3.1%. As expected, urban zones experienced higher reductions than suburban zones, which experienced a PM concentration increase. The impact of the drastic drops of benzene, toluene and xylene (77.4%, 58.0% and 61.8%, respectively) on the PM values observed in urban sites is discussed. Our study provides insights on the effect of activity changes over a wide region covering a variety of air quality stations, urban, suburban and rural, and different emission types. The results of this work are a valuable reference and suggest the need for considering different factors when establishing scientific air pollution control strategies.
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19
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Morales LF, Miyara SJ, Guevara S, Metz CN, Shoaib M, Watt S, Zafeiropoulos S, McCann-Molmenti A, Hayashida K, Takegawa R, Shinozaki K, Choudhary RC, Brindley EC, Nishikimi M, Kressel AM, Alsalmay YM, Mazzotta EA, Cho YM, Aranalde GI, Grande DA, Zanos S, Becker LB, Molmenti EP. Sequential Use of Romiplostim after Eltrombopag for Refractory Thrombocytopenia in Hydrocarbon-Induced Myelodysplasia. Int J Angiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe describe the clinical course of a 65-year-old male patient who suffered from hydrocarbon-induced myelodysplasia and was successfully treated with the thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA), romiplostim. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenias, and increased risk of leukemic transformation. Here, we present a clinical vignette of MDS-associated thrombocytopenia refractory to first-line drugs as well as the TPO-RA, eltrombopag. To date, romiplostim is an U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and thrombocytopenia secondary to liver disease. Of note, currently the FDA advises against its use in MDS based on previous long-term safety concerns. Since the therapeutic options for thrombocytopenia in MDS patients are sparse, repurposing and reassessing romiplostim in this setting have been the focus of recent studies. At the time of writing, no published double-blind randomized clinical trials have conducted a head-to-head comparison between romiplostim and eltrombopag in thrombocytopenic MDS patients. To the best of our knowledge, for a thrombocytopenic patient in the setting of MDS, this is the first documented report of refractory clinical response after a 2-year use of eltrombopag in which replacement of treatment with romiplostim resulted in sustained physiological counts of thrombocytes within four weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. Morales
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
| | - Santiago J. Miyara
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Sara Guevara
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
| | - Christine N. Metz
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | - Stacey Watt
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Stefanos Zafeiropoulos
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | | | - Kei Hayashida
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
| | - Ryosuke Takegawa
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
| | - Koichiro Shinozaki
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
| | - Rishabh C. Choudhary
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
| | - Elena C. Brindley
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | - Mitsuaki Nishikimi
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
| | - Adam M. Kressel
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Yaser M. Alsalmay
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
| | - Elvio A. Mazzotta
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Young Min Cho
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | | | - Daniel A. Grande
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | - Stavros Zanos
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Lance B. Becker
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | - Ernesto P. Molmenti
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
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20
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Rana I, Dahlberg S, Steinmaus C, Zhang L. Benzene exposure and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies. Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5:e633-e643. [PMID: 34450064 PMCID: PMC9109598 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-Hodgkin lymphoma comprises a heterogeneous group of cancers with unresolved aetiology, although risk factors include environmental exposures to toxic chemicals. Although the ubiquitous pollutant benzene is an established leukemogen, its potential to cause non-Hodgkin lymphoma has been widely debated. We aimed to examine the potential link between benzene exposure and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in humans by evaluating a wide array of cohort and case-control studies using electronic systematic review. METHODS We did a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of all qualified human epidemiological studies that assessed the relationship between benzene exposure and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We queried the PubMed and Embase databases for relevant articles published before June 5, 2019, and applied the SysRev platform for study selection. All peer-reviewed human cohort and case-control studies that reported non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk estimates specifically for benzene exposure were eligible for inclusion. Studies that calculated relative risks (RRs) for industries or job types without identifying those specifically exposed to benzene, that combined non-Hodgkin lymphoma with other cancer types, or that reported many different solvent exposures together were excluded. From each study, two investigators independently extracted information on the study design, location, years, sample size, participation rates, age, sex, sources of cases and controls, diagnosis, histological verification, exposure assessment, results, adjustment, and statistical analysis, and subsequently assessed study quality. We calculated the meta-analysis relative risk (meta-RR) and CIs using the fixed effect and random effect models, as well as assessing publication bias. FINDINGS Our search yielded 2481 articles. After screening and removal of duplicates, 20 case-control studies and eight cohort studies were included in our meta-analysis, which included a total of 9587 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We reported an increased meta-relative risk (meta-RR) of 33% in highly exposed groups, when data were available (meta-RR 1·33 [95% CI 1·13-1·57], n=28). The meta-RR rose to 1·51 (1·22-1·87, n=18) in the studies that provided results specifically for highly exposed individuals. In particular, we reported a doubling of this risk for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, a major non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtype (1·67 [1·01-2·77]). We also detected increased risks for follicular lymphoma (1·47 [0·95-2·27]) and hairy cell leukaemia (1·77 [0·99-3·16]), though they were not statistically significant. Funnel plot, Egger's test (p=0·77) and Begg's test (p=0·98) did not show evidence of publication bias. We evaluated the major aspects of causal inference and found evidence to support all the Hill considerations for assigning causation. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest a causal link between benzene exposure and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, especially for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. FUNDING National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iemaan Rana
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Dahlberg
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Craig Steinmaus
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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21
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Paridar M, Zibara K, Ahmadi SE, Khosravi A, Soleymani M, Azizi E, Ghalesardi OK. Clinico-Hematological and cytogenetic spectrum of adult myelodysplastic syndrome: The first retrospective cross-sectional study in Iranian patients. Mol Cytogenet 2021; 14:24. [PMID: 33964952 PMCID: PMC8106119 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-021-00548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic malignancy, has been shown to present different cytogenetic abnormalities, risk factors, and clinico-hematological features in different populations and geographic areas. Herein, we determined the cytogenetic spectrum and clinico-hematological features of Iranian MDS patients for the first time.
Methods This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 103 patients with MDS in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran, from 2014 to 2018. Clinical presentations, complete blood counts (CBC), and bone marrow (BM) biopsy samples were assessed. Perls' staining was used to evaluate BM iron storage. The cytogenetic evaluation was performed using the conventional G banding method on the BM. Results Patients’ median age was 62.3 (ranged from 50–76), and the majority were male (72.8%). The most common clinical symptom at the time of admission was fatigue (n = 33) followed by pallor (n = 27). The most common subgroup was MDS-Multi Lineage Dysplasia (MDS-MLD) (n = 38, 36.8%), followed by MDS-Single Lineage Dysplasia (MDS-SLD) (n = 28, 18.4%). A normal karyotype was observed in 59 patients (57.3%), while 44 patients (42.7%) had cytogenetic abnormalities. Trisomy 8 (+ 8) was the most common cytogenetic abnormality (n = 14) followed by del 17p (n = 9) and monosomy 7 (− 7) (n = 7). Twelve patients (11.65%) were transformed to AML. Conclusion Our data betokened that among our MDS patients, Trisomy 8 is the predominant cytogenetic abnormality, and MDS-MLD and MDS-SLD are the most common of subtypes. Noteworthy, the male: female ratio was slightly higher in Iran than in previous reports from other parts of the world. Our study is the first report of the clinical, hematological, and cytogenetic spectrum of MDS patients in Iran
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Paridar
- Deputy of Education, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Khosravi
- Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Soleymani
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Azizi
- Research Center for Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Health Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Omid Kiani Ghalesardi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Cox LA, Ketelslegers HB, Lewis RJ. The shape of low-concentration dose-response functions for benzene: implications for human health risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:95-116. [PMID: 33853483 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1860903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Are dose-response relationships for benzene and health effects such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) supra-linear, with disproportionately high risks at low concentrations, e.g. below 1 ppm? To investigate this hypothesis, we apply recent mode of action (MoA) and mechanistic information and modern data science techniques to quantify air benzene-urinary metabolite relationships in a previously studied data set for Tianjin, China factory workers. We find that physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) models and data for Tianjin workers show approximately linear production of benzene metabolites for air benzene (AB) concentrations below about 15 ppm, with modest sublinearity at low concentrations (e.g. below 5 ppm). Analysis of the Tianjin worker data using partial dependence plots reveals that production of metabolites increases disproportionately with increases in air benzene (AB) concentrations above 10 ppm, exhibiting steep sublinearity (J shape) before becoming saturated. As a consequence, estimated cumulative exposure is not an adequate basis for predicting risk. Risk assessments must consider the variability of exposure concentrations around estimated exposure concentrations to avoid over-estimating risks at low concentrations. The same average concentration for a specified duration is disproportionately risky if it has higher variance. Conversely, if chronic inflammation via activation of inflammasomes is a critical event for induction of MDS and other health effects, then sufficiently low concentrations of benzene are predicted not to cause increased risks of inflammasome-mediated diseases, no matter how long the duration of exposure. Thus, we find no evidence that the dose-response relationship is supra-linear at low doses; instead sublinear or zero excess risk at low concentrations is more consistent with the data. A combination of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, Bayesian network (BN) analysis and inference, and partial dependence plots appears a promising and practical approach for applying current data science methods to advance benzene risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis A Cox
- Cox Associates LLC, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Business Analytics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Hans B Ketelslegers
- Concawe Division, European Petroleum Refiners Association, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Jeffrey Lewis
- Concawe Division, European Petroleum Refiners Association, Brussels, Belgium.,ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc, Clinton, NJ, USA
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23
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Raundhal M, Ghosh S, Myers SA, Cuoco MS, Singer M, Carr SA, Waikar SS, Bonventre JV, Ritz J, Stone RM, Steensma DP, Regev A, Glimcher LH. Blockade of IL-22 signaling reverses erythroid dysfunction in stress-induced anemias. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:520-529. [PMID: 33753942 PMCID: PMC8026551 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) display severe anemia but the mechanisms underlying this phenotype are incompletely understood. Right open-reading-frame kinase 2 (RIOK2) encodes a protein kinase located at 5q15, a region frequently lost in patients with MDS del(5q). Here we show that hematopoietic cell-specific haploinsufficient deletion of Riok2 (Riok2f/+Vav1cre) led to reduced erythroid precursor frequency leading to anemia. Proteomic analysis of Riok2f/+Vav1cre erythroid precursors suggested immune system activation, and transcriptomic analysis revealed an increase in p53-dependent interleukin (IL)-22 in Riok2f/+Vav1cre CD4+ T cells (TH22). Further, we discovered that the IL-22 receptor, IL-22RA1, was unexpectedly present on erythroid precursors. Blockade of IL-22 signaling alleviated anemia not only in Riok2f/+Vav1cre mice but also in wild-type mice. Serum concentrations of IL-22 were increased in the subset of patients with del(5q) MDS as well as patients with anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease. This work reveals a possible therapeutic opportunity for reversing many stress-induced anemias by targeting IL-22 signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia/blood
- Anemia/immunology
- Anemia/metabolism
- Anemia/prevention & control
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cellular Microenvironment
- Disease Models, Animal
- Erythroid Cells/immunology
- Erythroid Cells/metabolism
- Erythropoiesis/drug effects
- Humans
- Interleukins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukins/immunology
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/blood
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/drug therapy
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/immunology
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/immunology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Interleukin-22
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Raundhal
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shrestha Ghosh
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael S Cuoco
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Meromit Singer
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sushrut S Waikar
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Renal Section, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard M Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Steensma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laurie H Glimcher
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Mundt KA, Dell LD, Boffetta P, Beckett EM, Lynch HN, Desai VJ, Lin CK, Thompson WJ. The importance of evaluating specific myeloid malignancies in epidemiological studies of environmental carcinogens. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:227. [PMID: 33676443 PMCID: PMC7936449 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) - including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) - and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) are largely clinically distinct myeloid malignancies, epidemiological studies rarely examine them separately and often combine them with lymphoid malignancies, limiting possible etiological interpretations for specific myeloid malignancies. METHODS We systematically evaluated the epidemiological literature on the four chemical agents (1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, benzene, and tobacco smoking, excluding pharmaceutical, microbial and radioactive agents, and pesticides) classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as having sufficient epidemiological evidence to conclude that each causes "myeloid malignancies." Literature searches of IARC Monographs and PubMed identified 85 studies that we critically assessed, and for appropriate subsets, summarized results using meta-analysis. RESULTS Only two epidemiological studies on 1,3-butadiene were identified, but reported findings were inadequate to evaluate specific myeloid malignancies. Studies on formaldehyde reported results for AML and CML - and not for MDS or MPN - but reported no increased risks. For benzene, several specific myeloid malignancies were evaluated, with consistent associations reported with AML and MDS and mixed results for CML. Studies of tobacco smoking examined all major myeloid malignancies, demonstrating consistent relationships with AML, MDS and MPN, but not with CML. CONCLUSIONS Surprisingly few epidemiological studies present results for specific myeloid malignancies, and those identified were inconsistent across studies of the same exposure, as well as across chemical agents. This exercise illustrates that even for agents classified as having sufficient evidence of causing "myeloid malignancies," the epidemiological evidence for specific myeloid malignancies is generally limited and inconsistent. Future epidemiological studies should report findings for the specific myeloid malignancies, as combining them post hoc - where appropriate - always remains possible, whereas disaggregation may not. Furthermore, combining results across possibly discrete diseases reduces the chances of identifying important malignancy-specific causal associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L D Dell
- Ramboll US Consulting Inc., Amherst, MA, USA
| | - P Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - V J Desai
- Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - C K Lin
- Cardno ChemRisk, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Yarosh R, Roesler MA, Murray T, Cioc A, Hirsch B, Nguyen P, Warlick E, Poynter JN. Risk factors for de novo and therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:241-250. [PMID: 33392905 PMCID: PMC7878335 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are classified as de novo and therapy-related (tMDS). We evaluated associations between MDS risk factors separately for de novo and tMDS. METHODS The study population included 346 de novo MDS cases, 37 tMDS cases and 682 population controls frequency matched by age and sex. Polytomous logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS After adjustment, former smoking status (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10-1.93), personal history of autoimmune disease (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.99-1.82) and exposure to benzene (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.00-2.19) were associated with de novo MDS. Risk estimates for the associations between smoking, autoimmune disease, and benzene exposure were similar in magnitude but non-significant in tMDS cases. Among individuals with a previous diagnosis of cancer, de novo MDS cases and controls were more likely to have had a previous solid tumor, while tMDS cases more commonly had a previous hematologic malignancy. CONCLUSIONS We observed similar associations between smoking, history of autoimmune disease and benzene exposure in de novo and tMDS although estimates for tMDS were imprecise due to small sample sizes. Future analyses with larger sample sizes will be required to confirm whether environmental factors influence risk of tMDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Yarosh
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Thomas Murray
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Betsy Hirsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Erica Warlick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jenny N Poynter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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26
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Gurung S, Dubansky B, Virgen CA, Verbeck GF, Murphy DW. Effects of crude oil vapors on the cardiovascular flow of embryonic Gulf killifish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141627. [PMID: 33181982 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct contact with toxicants in crude oil during embryogenesis causes cardiovascular defects, but the effects of exposure to airborne volatile organic compounds released from spilled oil are not well understood. The effects of crude oil-derived airborne toxicants on peripheral blood flow were examined in Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) since this model completes embryogenesis in the air. Particle image velocimetry was used to measure in vivo blood flow in intersegmental arteries of control and oil-exposed embryos. Significant effects in oil-exposed embryos included increased pulse rate, reduced mean blood flow speed and volumetric flow rate, and decreased pulsatility, demonstrating that normal-appearing oil-exposed embryos retain underlying cardiovascular defects. Further, hematocrit moderately increased in oil-exposed embryos. This study highlights the potential for fine-scale physiological measurement techniques to better understand the sub-lethal effects of oil exposure and demonstrates the efficacy of Gulf killifish as a unique teleost model for aerial toxicant exposure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Gurung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Benjamin Dubansky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - Camila A Virgen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - Guido F Verbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - David W Murphy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
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27
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Key event-informed risk models for benzene-induced acute myeloid leukaemia. Toxicol Lett 2021; 340:141-152. [PMID: 33429013 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to benzene at levels of 10 ppm or more has been associated with increased risk of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The mode of action (MOA) for AML development leading to mortality is anticipated to include multiple earlier key events, which can be observed in hematotoxicity and genetic toxicity in peripheral blood of exposed workers. Prevention of these early events would lead to prevention of the apical, adverse outcomes, the morbidity and mortality caused by the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and AML. Incorporation of key event information should modify the risk model, but few modification approaches have been suggested. To that end, two approaches to risk model modification are described that use sub-linear and segmented linear increases in risk below key events, while maintaining a linear increase in AML mortality risk beginning at 2 ppm, the lowest observed adverse effect concentration (LOAEC) identified for hemato- and geno- toxicity in high quality studies of human occupational exposure. Below 2 ppm two different modification approaches to quantitative risk models were applied: a continuously decreasing slope model and a segmented modification in slope. These two approaches provide greater flexibility to incorporate MOA information in risk model development and selection.
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28
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Schwedler G, Murawski A, Schmied-Tobies MIH, Rucic E, Scherer M, Pluym N, Scherer G, Bethke R, Kolossa-Gehring M. Benzene metabolite SPMA and acrylamide metabolites AAMA and GAMA in urine of children and adolescents in Germany - human biomonitoring results of the German Environmental Survey 2014-2017 (GerES V). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110295. [PMID: 33065072 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzene and acrylamide are carcinogenic substances contained inter alia in tobacco smoke. The mercapturic acid metabolites of benzene, N-acetyl-S-phenyl-L-cysteine (SPMA), and of acrylamide, N-acetyl-S-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-cysteine (AAMA) and N-acetyl-S-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)-cysteine (GAMA), were analysed in 2260 first-morning void urine samples from children and adolescents aged 3-17 years, participating in the population-representative German Environmental Survey on Children and Adolescents, GerES V 2014-2017. SPMA was detected in 98% of the participants with a geometric mean (GM) of 0.097 μg/L urine. Smokers had about 10-fold higher levels of the benzene metabolite SPMA than non-smokers. The sample comprises of 48 self-reported smokers, mainly in the oldest age group (14-17-year-olds). Second-hand smoke exposure, living near busy or very busy roads, and using domestic fuels for heating were additionally associated with higher benzene metabolite levels. SPMA levels in GerES V were lower compared to levels found in other countries, which in part however may reflect different proportions of smokers. The acrylamide metabolites AAMA and GAMA were detected in 100% of the participants with a GM of 72.6 μg/L urine for AAMA and 15.0 μg/L urine for GAMA. Smoking children and adolescents had about 2.5-fold higher AAMA levels than non-smoking ones. The frequency of consumption of french-fried potatoes and potato crisps consumption was also positively associated with urinary AAMA and GAMA levels. Compared to the urinary AAMA and GAMA levels in Germany and other countries, levels in GerES V tended to be higher than in the few studies reported. The urinary levels of the benzene biomarker SPMA, and the acrylamide biomarkers AAMA and GAMA build the basis to derive reference values for the exposure of children and adolescents in Germany. The results reveal options for exposure reduction mainly in personal choices regarding smoking and diet, but also requiring policy to maintain efforts in non-smoking regulations and improving ambient air quality. Providing these results also to the European HBM Initiative HBM4EU will contribute to gain knowledge on the exposure of the European population, the health impact of carcinogens and thus providing support for substantiated exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Enrico Rucic
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Scherer
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Planegg, Germany
| | - Nikola Pluym
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Planegg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Scherer
- ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Planegg, Germany
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Wang J, Guo X, Chen Y, Zhang W, Ren J, Gao A. Association between benzene exposure, serum levels of cytokines and hematological measures in Chinese workers: A cross-sectional study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111562. [PMID: 33254416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low benzene exposure leads to hematotoxicity, but we still lack sensitive early monitoring and early warning markers. Benzene is associated with inflammation, which is mainly mediated by cytokines network. However, until now few studies have conducted high-throughput detection of multi-cytokines to get a global view of cytokine changes and screen for markers of benzene-induced toxicity. We hypothesized that cytokine profiles mediate benzene-induced hematotoxicity. METHODS 228 subjects consisting of 114 low benzene exposed workers and 114 healthy controls were recruited at Research Center of Occupational Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing. The serum concentrations of 27 cytokines were detected by cytokinomics array, urinary benzene series metabolites were measured by UPLC-MS/MS, and peripheral blood cell counts were observed by basic blood test. RESULTS Among 27 cytokines, IL-9 and MIP1-α were significantly lower, but IL-4, IL-10, IL-15, MCP-1, TNF-α and VEGF were significantly higher in benzene exposure group than controls. Urinary benzene metabolite S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) was significantly higher in benzene exposure group and had a negative linear relationship with WBC count. S-PMA was only significantly associated with IL-9, meanwhile IL-9, IL-15 and VEGF had a positive linear relationship with WBC count. The bootstrapping mediation models showed that the effect of S-PMA on WBC count was partially explained by IL-9 for 10.11%. CONCLUSION This study suggests that exposure to benzene was associated with alternation of blood cell count and cytokine profiles in workers exposed to low levels of benzene, especially decreases of WBC count and IL-9. We also found IL-9 partially mediated the effect of low benzene exposure on WBC count, which may be a potential and promising early monitoring and early warning marker of benzene hematotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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30
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Modes of action considerations in threshold expectations for health effects of benzene. Toxicol Lett 2020; 334:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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31
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Schnatter AR, Rooseboom M, Kocabas NA, North CM, Dalzell A, Twisk J, Faulhammer F, Rushton E, Boogaard PJ, Ostapenkaite V, Williams SD. Derivation of an occupational exposure limit for benzene using epidemiological study quality assessment tools. Toxicol Lett 2020; 334:117-144. [PMID: 32497562 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper derives an occupational exposure limit for benzene using quality assessed data. Seventy-seven genotoxicity and 36 haematotoxicity studies in workers were scored for study quality with an adapted tool based on that of Vlaanderen et al., 2008 (Environ Health. Perspect. 116 1700-5). These endpoints were selected as they are the most sensitive and relevant to the proposed mode of action (MOA) and protecting against these will protect against benzene carcinogenicity. Lowest and No- Adverse Effect Concentrations (LOAECs and NOAECs) were derived from the highest quality studies (i.e. those ranked in the top tertile or top half) and further assessed as being "more certain" or "less certain". Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess whether alternative "high quality" constructs affected conclusions. The lowest haematotoxicity LOAECs showed effects near 2 ppm (8 h TWA), and no effects at 0.59 ppm. For genotoxicity, studies also showed effects near 2 ppm and showed no effects at about 0.69 ppm. Several sensitivity analyses supported these observations. These data define a benzene LOAEC of 2 ppm (8 h TWA) and a NOAEC of 0.5 ppm (8 h TWA). Allowing for possible subclinical effects in bone marrow not apparent in studies of peripheral blood endpoints, an OEL of 0.25 ppm (8 h TWA) is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Colin M North
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc, Annandale, NJ, USA
| | | | - Johannes Twisk
- Dow Chemical International Pvt. Ltd, Terneuzen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Erik Rushton
- Basell Service Company B.V., Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Development of a smartphone-based real time cost-effective VOC sensor. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05167. [PMID: 33088950 PMCID: PMC7566110 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution by various volatile organic compounds (VOC) is a matter of concern for us. So in this regard, designing real-time VOC responsive materials is gaining attention across the scientific community. In this present work, we have developed an inexpensive VOC sensor based on a Meisenheimer complex derived from picric acid and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The sensor coated TLC plate was used as a sensor of potentially harmful VOCs. The sensor coated TLC plate looks deep red colored and does not show any fluorescence emission under 366 nm UV light. But in the presence of harmful volatile organic compounds like benzene, toluene, xylene, etc the sensor coated TLC plate becomes orange colored and it also shows strong yellow emission under 366 nm UV light. This property was utilized to detect the VOCs by fluorescence spectroscopy. The detection limit for various VOCs was found to be in the range of 0.7-9 ppm. To make the sensor user friendly, we have demonstrated a method where VOCs can be detected using a smartphone in real-time and also the setup is portable.
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: This study updates the mortality experience of over 25,000 workers in a large Canadian petroleum company through December 31, 2006. Methods: Standardized mortality ratios were generated for all-cause and specific cause mortality. Results: All cause and all cancer mortality were favorable compared with the general Canadian population. Cancers of previous interest were largely consistent with expectation. There is a continuing excess of mesothelioma, which is of similar magnitude as the previous update, although based on larger numbers. This excess is mostly attributable to men who died in their 50s and 60s and who worked in the refining sector. Conclusion: Most causes of death show mortality rates lower than the Canadian general population. Given the excess of mesothelioma observed, this study supports ongoing vigilance in asbestos exposure control programs, as refineries continue to remove asbestos from their facilities.
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Environmental Pollutants on Hematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196996. [PMID: 32977499 PMCID: PMC7583016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex and intricate process that aims to replenish blood components in a constant fashion. It is orchestrated mostly by hematopoietic progenitor cells (hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)) that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation. These cells can originate other cell subtypes that are responsible for maintaining vital functions, mediate innate and adaptive immune responses, provide tissues with oxygen, and control coagulation. Hematopoiesis in adults takes place in the bone marrow, which is endowed with an extensive vasculature conferring an intense flow of cells. A myriad of cell subtypes can be found in the bone marrow at different levels of activation, being also under constant action of an extensive amount of diverse chemical mediators and enzymatic systems. Bone marrow platelets, mature erythrocytes and leukocytes are delivered into the bloodstream readily available to meet body demands. Leukocytes circulate and reach different tissues, returning or not returning to the bloodstream. Senescent leukocytes, specially granulocytes, return to the bone marrow to be phagocytized by macrophages, restarting granulopoiesis. The constant high production and delivery of cells into the bloodstream, alongside the fact that blood cells can also circulate between tissues, makes the hematopoietic system a prime target for toxic agents to act upon, making the understanding of the bone marrow microenvironment vital for both toxicological sciences and risk assessment. Environmental and occupational pollutants, therapeutic molecules, drugs of abuse, and even nutritional status can directly affect progenitor cells at their differentiation and maturation stages, altering behavior and function of blood compounds and resulting in impaired immune responses, anemias, leukemias, and blood coagulation disturbances. This review aims to describe the most recently investigated molecular and cellular toxicity mechanisms of current major environmental pollutants on hematopoiesis in the bone marrow.
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Shallis RM, Weiss JJ, Deziel NC, Gore SD. Challenging the concept of de novo acute myeloid leukemia: Environmental and occupational leukemogens hiding in our midst. Blood Rev 2020; 47:100760. [PMID: 32988660 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid neoplasms like acute myeloid leukemia (AML) originate from genomic disruption, usually in a multi-step fashion. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell acquisition of abnormalities in vital cellular processes, when coupled with intrinsic factors such as germline predisposition or extrinsic factors such as the marrow microenvironment or environmental agents, can lead to requisite pre-leukemic clonal selection, expansion and evolution. Several of these entities have been invoked as "leukemogens." The known leukemogens are numerous and are found in the therapeutic, occupational and ambient environments, however they are often difficult to implicate for individual patients. Patients treated with particular chemotherapeutic agents or radiotherapy accept a calculated risk of therapy-related AML. Occupational exposures to benzene, dioxins, formaldehyde, electromagnetic and particle radiation have been associated with an increased risk of AML. Although regulatory agencies have established acceptable exposure limits in the workplace, accidental exposures and even ambient exposures to leukemogens are possible. It is plausible that inescapable exposure to non-anthropogenic ambient leukemogens may be responsible for many cases of non-inherited de novo AML. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of leukemogens as they relate to AML, assess to what extent the term "de novo" leukemia is meaningful, and describe the potential to identify and characterize new leukemogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory M Shallis
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
| | - Julian J Weiss
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven D Gore
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
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36
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Linet MS, Gilbert ES, Vermeulen R, Dores GM, Yin SN, Portengen L, Hayes RB, Ji BT, Lan Q, Li GL, Rothman N. Benzene exposure-response and risk of lymphoid neoplasms in Chinese workers: A multicenter case-cohort study. Am J Ind Med 2020; 63:741-754. [PMID: 32474961 PMCID: PMC10986157 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While international agreement supports a causal relationship of benzene exposure with acute myeloid leukemia, there is debate about benzene and lymphoid neoplasm risks. METHODS In a case-cohort study with follow-up of 110 631 Chinese workers during 1972-1999, we evaluated benzene exposure-response for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), lymphoid leukemias (LL), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and total lymphoid neoplasms (LN). We estimated benzene exposures using state-of-the-art hierarchical modeling of occupational factors calibrated with historical routine measurements and evaluated cumulative exposure-response using Cox regression. RESULTS NHL and other specified LN were increased in exposed vs unexposed workers. However, there was no evidence of exposure-response for NHL or other specified LN. Based on a linear exposure-response, relative risks at 100 parts per million-years (RR at 100 ppm-years) for cumulative benzene exposure using a 2-year lag (exposure at least 2 years before the time at risk) were 1.05 for NHL (95 percent confidence interval (CI) = 0.97, 1.27; 32 cases), 1.11 for LL (95% CI < 0, 1.66; 12 cases), 1.21 for ALL (95% CI < 0, 3.53; 10 cases), and 1.02 for total LN (95% CI < 0, 1.16; 49 cases). No statistically significant exposure-response trends were apparent for these LN for 2 to <10-year or ≥10-year lags. NHL risks were not significantly modified by sex, age, or year at first exposure, attained age, or time since exposure. CONCLUSION Given the study strengths and limitations, we found little evidence of exposure-response for benzene and NHL, LL, ALL, or total LN, although NHL and other specified LN were increased in exposed vs unexposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha S. Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ethel S. Gilbert
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Graça M. Dores
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD, USA
- Analytic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Song-Nian Yin
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nan Wei Road, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Lutzen Portengen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Richard B. Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Gui-Lan Li
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nan Wei Road, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD, USA
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A clandestine culprit with critical consequences: Benzene and acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Rev 2020; 47:100736. [PMID: 32771228 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While most clinicians recognize adult therapy-related leukemias following cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation, environmental regulatory agencies evaluate exposure to "safe levels" of leukemogenic compounds. Benzene represents the most notorious leukemogenic chemical. Used in the production of ubiquitous items such as plastics, lubricants, rubbers, dyes, and pesticides, benzene may be responsible for the higher risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) among automobile, janitorial, construction, and agricultural workers. It is possible that ambient benzene may contribute to many cases of "de novo" AML not arising out of germline predispositions. In this appraisal of the available literature, we evaluate and discuss the association between chronic, low-dose and ambient exposure to environmental benzene and the development of adult AML.
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Linet MS, Gilbert ES, Vermeulen R, Dores GM, Yin SN, Portengen L, Hayes RB, Ji BT, Lan Q, Li GL, Rothman N. Benzene Exposure Response and Risk of Myeloid Neoplasms in Chinese Workers: A Multicenter Case-Cohort Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:465-474. [PMID: 30520970 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is international consensus that benzene exposure is causally related to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and more recent evidence of association with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, there are uncertainties about the exposure response, particularly risks by time since exposure and age at exposure. METHODS In a case-cohort study in 110 631 Chinese workers followed up during 1972-1999 we evaluated combined MDS/AML (n = 44) and chronic myeloid leukemia (n = 18). We estimated benzene exposures using hierarchical modeling of occupational factors calibrated with historical routine measurements, and evaluated exposure response for cumulative exposure and average intensity using Cox regression; P values were two-sided. RESULTS Increased MDS/AML risk with increasing cumulative exposure in our a priori defined time window (2 to <10 years) before the time at risk was suggested (Ptrend = 08). For first exposure (within the 2 to <10-year window) before age 30 years, the exposure response was stronger (P = .004) with rate ratios of 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27 to 4.29), 5.58 (95% CI = 1.65 to 19.68), and 4.50 (95% CI = 1.22 to 16.68) for cumulative exposures of more than 0 to less than 40, 40 to less than 100, and at least 100 ppm-years, respectively, compared with no exposure. There was little evidence of exposure response after at least 10 years (Ptrend = .94), regardless of age at first exposure. Average intensity results were generally similar. The risk for chronic myeloid leukemia was increased in exposed vs unexposed workers, but appeared to increase and then decrease with increasing exposure. CONCLUSION For myeloid neoplasms, the strongest effects were apparent for MDS/AML arising within 10 years of benzene exposure and for first exposure in the 2 to less than 10-year window before age 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha S Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ethel S Gilbert
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Graça M Dores
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Song-Nian Yin
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Lutzen Portengen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gui-Lan Li
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
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Li J, Yin P, Wang H, Zeng X, Zhang X, Wang L, Liu J, Liu Y, You J, Zhao Z, Yu S, Zhou M. The disease burden attributable to 18 occupational risks in China: an analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Environ Health 2020; 19:21. [PMID: 32075644 PMCID: PMC7031932 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND China has more than 18% of the global population and over 770 million workers. However, the burden of disease attributable to occupational risks is unavailable in China. We aimed to estimate the burden of disease attributable to occupational exposures at provincial levels from 1990 to 2017. METHODS We estimated the summary exposure values (SEVs), deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to occupational risk factors in China from 1990 to 2017, based on Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017. There were 18 occupational risks, 22 related causes, and 35 risk-outcome pairs included in this study. Meanwhile, we compared age-standardized death rates attributable to occupational risk factors in provinces of China by socio-demographic index (SDI). RESULTS The SEVs of most occupational risks increased from 1990 to 2017. There were 323,833 (95% UI 283,780 - 369,061) deaths and 14,060,210 (12,022,974 - 16,125,763) DALYs attributable to total occupational risks in China, which were 27.9 and 22.1% of corresponding global levels, respectively. For attributable deaths, major risks came from occupational particulate matter, gases, and fumes (PGFs), and for the attributable DALYs, from occupational injuries. The attributable burden was higher in males than in females. Compared with high SDI provinces, low SDI provinces, especially Western China, had higher death rates attributable to total occupational risks, occupational PGFs, and occupational injuries. CONCLUSION Occupational risks contribute to a huge disease burden in China. The attributable burden is higher in males, and in less developed provinces of Western China, reflecting differences in risk exposure, socioeconomic conditions, and type of jobs. Our study highlights the need for further research and focused policy interventions on the health of workers especially for less developed provinces in China to reduce occupational health losses effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Xinying Zeng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Jiangmei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yunning Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Jinling You
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Zhenping Zhao
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
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Luijten M, Ball NS, Dearfield KL, Gollapudi BB, Johnson GE, Madia F, Peel L, Pfuhler S, Settivari RS, ter Burg W, White PA, van Benthem J. Utility of a next generation framework for assessment of genomic damage: A case study using the industrial chemical benzene. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:94-113. [PMID: 31709603 PMCID: PMC6972600 DOI: 10.1002/em.22346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We recently published a next generation framework for assessing the risk of genomic damage via exposure to chemical substances. The framework entails a systematic approach with the aim to quantify risk levels for substances that induce genomic damage contributing to human adverse health outcomes. Here, we evaluated the utility of the framework for assessing the risk for industrial chemicals, using the case of benzene. Benzene is a well-studied substance that is generally considered a genotoxic carcinogen and is known to cause leukemia. The case study limits its focus on occupational and general population health as it relates to benzene exposure. Using the framework as guidance, available data on benzene considered relevant for assessment of genetic damage were collected. Based on these data, we were able to conduct quantitative analyses for relevant data sets to estimate acceptable exposure levels and to characterize the risk of genetic damage. Key observations include the need for robust exposure assessments, the importance of information on toxicokinetic properties, and the benefits of cheminformatics. The framework points to the need for further improvement on understanding of the mechanism(s) of action involved, which would also provide support for the use of targeted tests rather than a prescribed set of assays. Overall, this case study demonstrates the utility of the next generation framework to quantitatively model human risk on the basis of genetic damage, thereby enabling a new, innovative risk assessment concept. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:94-113, 2020. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health ProtectionNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - George E. Johnson
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea UniversitySwanseaUnited Kingdom
| | - Federica Madia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)IspraItaly
| | - Lauren Peel
- Health and Environmental Sciences InstituteWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | | | | | - Wouter ter Burg
- Centre for Safety of Substances and ProductsNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul A. White
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Jan van Benthem
- Centre for Health ProtectionNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
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Cole E, Abbott M. Managing Myelodysplastic Syndrome and the Nurse Practitioner’s Role. J Nurse Pract 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Akintunde J, Obisesan O, Akinsete S, Adegoke A. Diet from Mantisa religiosa-egg case abolishes pulmonary dysfunctions triggered by sub-acute exposure to aerosolized-petroleum hydrocarbons in rat model. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Rafieemehr H, Calhor F, Esfahani H, Ghorbani Gholiabad S. Risk of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results of a Case-Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2477-2483. [PMID: 31450923 PMCID: PMC6852832 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.8.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children. Different
environmental factors might be effective in the occurrence of this malignancy during childhood. The aim of this study
was to find environmental risk factors in childhood ALL in Hamadan, Iran. Methods: This case-control study was
done in 2015-2018 on 125 children younger than 15 years of age suffering from ALL. Patients were matched with
130 controls with respect to age, gender, and residence location. The identification of risk factors for ALL was sought
based on the comparison of studied variables between case and control individuals. Results: A statistically significant
increased risk for ALL was found with regard to type of delivery (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20 - 0.92, p˂0.02), childcare
(OR: 4.58, 95% CI: 0.95 - 22.20, p˂0.04), birth weight (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.53 - 2.21, p˂0.006), father’s education
level (OR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.10 - 6.45, p˂0.02), and father’s job (OR: 0.2 95% CI: 0.08 - 0.51, p˂0.001). Also observed
were increased odds for ALL regarding male gender, mother’s high education level, mother’s freelance job, and medium
or high family income. No association with ALL incidence was observed for age, gender, breastfeeding, mother’s age
at pregnancy, malignancy in first- or second-degree relatives, or mother’s use of hair dye during pregnancy (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that father’s education level, father’s job, delivery type, birth weight, and childcare
can play a role in the incidence of childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rafieemehr
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Fereshteh Calhor
- Students Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hossein Esfahani
- Besat Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Checkoway H, Lees PSJ, Dell LD, Gentry PR, Mundt KA. Peak Exposures in Epidemiologic Studies and Cancer Risks: Considerations for Regulatory Risk Assessment. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2019; 39:1441-1464. [PMID: 30925210 PMCID: PMC6850123 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We review approaches for characterizing "peak" exposures in epidemiologic studies and methods for incorporating peak exposure metrics in dose-response assessments that contribute to risk assessment. The focus was on potential etiologic relations between environmental chemical exposures and cancer risks. We searched the epidemiologic literature on environmental chemicals classified as carcinogens in which cancer risks were described in relation to "peak" exposures. These articles were evaluated to identify some of the challenges associated with defining and describing cancer risks in relation to peak exposures. We found that definitions of peak exposure varied considerably across studies. Of nine chemical agents included in our review of peak exposure, six had epidemiologic data used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) in dose-response assessments to derive inhalation unit risk values. These were benzene, formaldehyde, styrene, trichloroethylene, acrylonitrile, and ethylene oxide. All derived unit risks relied on cumulative exposure for dose-response estimation and none, to our knowledge, considered peak exposure metrics. This is not surprising, given the historical linear no-threshold default model (generally based on cumulative exposure) used in regulatory risk assessments. With newly proposed US EPA rule language, fuller consideration of alternative exposure and dose-response metrics will be supported. "Peak" exposure has not been consistently defined and rarely has been evaluated in epidemiologic studies of cancer risks. We recommend developing uniform definitions of "peak" exposure to facilitate fuller evaluation of dose response for environmental chemicals and cancer risks, especially where mechanistic understanding indicates that the dose response is unlikely linear and that short-term high-intensity exposures increase risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Checkoway
- Department of Family Medicine & Public HealthSan Diego School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLa JollaCAUSA
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Santiago F, Lima S, Antunes S, Silvestre RT, Scherrer LR, Alves G, Ribeiro-Carvalho MDM, Ornellas MH. Imunophenotypic Evaluation as a Tool for Monitoring Risks for Blood Malignancies in Gas Station Workers. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2109-2115. [PMID: 31350973 PMCID: PMC6745222 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.7.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gas station workers are exposed to carcinogenic substances with impact on the hematologic and immune systems. The aim was to apply the immunophenotyping as a tool in the biological monitoring. Methods: This is a workplace-based case-control study with 49 workers and 26 controls. Medical interviews, hematological exams, and immunophenotyping analyses were performed. According to risk behavior (cleaning flannel and mistrust in the automatic fuel supply) the workers were divided into two groups: low risk (group 1) and high risk (group 2). Results: The results showed that CD16, HLA-DR, CD25, CD56+, CD16 CD56 low, and CD56 high expressions were higher in workers when compared to the control group (P =0.020, P =0.001, P =0.001; P =0.034, P=0.023, and P =0.008, respectively). The expressions of CD2, CD8, CD10, CD8low, and CD4/CD8 ratios were lower (P =0.016, P =0.001, P=0.001, P= 0.017, P = 0.0259, and P =0.029, respectively). Headache and paresthesia complaints were associated with workers when compared to the control group (OR = 4.091, 95% CI, 1.400 -11.951, P = 0.014; OR =12.12, 95% CI, 1.505 - 97.61, P =0.004). Using cleaning flannel and mistrust in the automatic fuel supply (risk behaviors) were associated with group 2 (OR = 9.71, 95% CI, 2.60-36.26, P = 0.005; OR = 18.18, 95% CI, 2.04-161.37, P = 0.004). Conclusions: The results strengthen the worker’s immunosuppression hypothesis, which may contribute to some disorders and the carcinogenesis process. The evaluation of the immune system by flow cytometry is a promising tool for monitoring blood malignancy risk in addition to regular classic hematological exams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Santiago
- Laboratory of Circulating Markers, Department of Pathology and Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ,Postgraduate in Medical Sciences (PGCM), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Lima
- Laboratory of Circulating Markers, Department of Pathology and Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ,Postgraduate in Medical Sciences (PGCM), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Susani Antunes
- Laboratory of Circulating Markers, Department of Pathology and Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Rafaele Tavares Silvestre
- Laboratory of Circulating Markers, Department of Pathology and Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ,Postgraduate in Medical Sciences (PGCM), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gilda Alves
- Laboratory of Circulating Markers, Department of Pathology and Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ,Postgraduate in Medical Sciences (PGCM), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marilza de M Ribeiro-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Circulating Markers, Department of Pathology and Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Maria Helena Ornellas
- Laboratory of Circulating Markers, Department of Pathology and Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ,Postgraduate in Medical Sciences (PGCM), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zhang A, Wu M, Tan J, Yu N, Xu M, Yu X, Liu W, Zhang Y. Establishment of a zebrafish hematological disease model induced by 1,4-benzoquinone. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.037903. [PMID: 30898970 PMCID: PMC6451425 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.037903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene exposure is associated with various hematological disorders, in particular leukemia. The reactive metabolite of benzene, 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), generated in bone marrow, is suggested to be a key molecule in mediating benzene-induced hematotoxicity and carcinogenicity. However, its pathogenic role remains largely unknown due to a lack of suitable vertebrate whole-organism models. Here, we present an in vivo study to reveal the effect of BQ exposure on hematotoxicity in zebrafish. From embryonic stages to adulthood, BQ exposure suppressed erythroid and lymphoid hematopoiesis but led to abnormal accumulation of myeloid cells and precursors, which resembles benzene-induced cytopenia and myeloid dysplasia in humans. This myeloid expansion is caused by granulocyte, but not macrophage, lineage, emphasizing the significant role of lineage specificity in BQ-mediated hematopoietic toxicity. Analysis of the c-myb (also known as myb)-deficient mutant cmybhkz3 revealed that BQ induced neutrophilia in a c-myb-dependent manner, demonstrating that c-myb is a key intrinsic mediator of BQ hematotoxicity. Our study reveals that BQ causes lineage-specific hematotoxicity in zebrafish from embryonic stages to adulthood. Since c-myb is indispensable for BQ to induce neutrophilia, c-myb could serve as a potential drug target for reversing BQ hematotoxicity. Summary: Acute exposure to 1,4-benzoquinone leads to lineage-specific hematotoxicity in zebrafish from embryonic stages to adulthood, resembling benzene-induced cytopenia and myeloid dysplasia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junliang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengchang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xutong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Potential Health Risks of Chemicals in Car Colorant Products. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16060913. [PMID: 30875733 PMCID: PMC6466371 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Public concern regarding the use of products with chemicals has increased in Korea, following reports indicating that hazardous chemicals in products, such as disinfectants, can cause fatal lung disease. Despite the widespread use of car colorant products, little is known regarding their potential health risks. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential health risks of substances that exist in car colorant products. Thirteen car colorant products were purchased from the Korean market and 15 commonly used chemicals were analyzed. Exposure and risk assessments were conducted in two assessment stages (screening and refined). The analysis showed that all of the examined products contained toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. The maximum concentration of toluene was 52.5%, with a median concentration of 10.8%. Tier 1 (screening) assessment showed that four chemicals (toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and 2-butoxyethanol) may pose health risks, but tier 2 (refined) assessment showed that these chemicals do not pose any risk. However, these chemicals were present in all of the examined products, and government regulations did not control their concentrations in these products. Therefore, we suggest that levels of toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene in car colorant products should be regulated to protect public health.
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Wang Z, Xu X, He B, Guo J, Zhao B, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Zhou X, Zhang R, Abliz Z. The impact of chronic environmental metal and benzene exposure on human urinary metabolome among Chinese children and the elderly population. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:232-239. [PMID: 30448706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of metals and benzene exposure have been extensively investigated; however, information on the impact of chronic environmental metal and benzene exposure on human urinary metabolome is limited. In this study, a total of 566 participants, including 352 elderly and 214 children, were split into the "exposed" and "control" groups. The urine samples of all the participants were collected and stored at - 80 °C until analysis. The urinary levels of 17 metals and S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) were determined by the ICP-MS and LC-MS/MS methods to comprehensively assess the personal metal and benzene exposure levels, respectively. Then, the individual levels of metal and benzene exposure were correlated to the metabolic consequences of ambient pollutant exposure, which were previously observed in our metabolomics study. As a result, multiple metals, including Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn, exhibited a significant linear dose-dependent association with one or more urinary metabolites, including two amino acids (pyroglutamic acid and 3-methylhistidine), three organic acids (azelaic acid, decenedioic acid, and hydroxytetradecanedioic acid), ten medium-chainacylcarnitines (heptenedioylcarnitine, octenedioylcarnitine, nonenedioylcarnitine, decenedioylglucuronide, 3-hydroxydecanoylcarnitine, dodecanedioylcarnitine, nonanoylcarnitine, decadienylcarnitine, hydroxydodecenoylcarnitine, dodecadienylcarnitine, and dodecenoylcarnitine), and one glucuronide conjugate (decenedioylglucuronide). These observations indicate that the increased environmental metal exposure has caused various oxidative stress-related effects, including the depletion of antioxidants, accelerated muscle proteolysis, elevated activity of UGTs, increased lipid peroxidation, and the disorder of mitochondrial lipid metabolism among exposed children and the elderly. The current study provides new insights into the biological effects induced by metal exposure in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Wang
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bingshu He
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Baoxin Zhao
- Taiyuan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Taiyuan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zeper Abliz
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
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49
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Teras LR, Diver WR, Deubler EL, Krewski D, Flowers CR, Switchenko JM, Gapstur SM. Residential ambient benzene exposure in the United States and subsequent risk of hematologic malignancies. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2647-2660. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R. Teras
- Epidemiology Research GroupAmerican Cancer Society Atlanta GA
| | - W. Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research GroupAmerican Cancer Society Atlanta GA
| | | | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk AssessmentUniversity of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Disease PreventionUniversity of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Christopher R. Flowers
- Department of Hematology and Medical OncologyWinship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA
| | - Jeffrey M. Switchenko
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsRollins School of Public Health, Emory University Atlanta GA
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50
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Masekameni MD, Moolla R, Gulumian M, Brouwer D. Risk Assessment of Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, and Xylene Concentrations from the Combustion of Coal in a Controlled Laboratory Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 16:E95. [PMID: 30602669 PMCID: PMC6339150 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A D-grade type coal was burned under simulated domestic practices in a controlled laboratory set-up, in order to characterize the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs); namely, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). Near-field concentrations were collected in a shack-like structure constructed using corrugated iron, simulating a traditional house found in informal settlements in South Africa (SA). Measurements were carried out using the Synspec Spectras GC955 real-time monitor over a three-hour burn cycle. The 3-h average concentrations (in µg/m³) of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, and o-xylene were 919 ± 44, 2051 ± 91, 3838 ±19, 4245 ± 41 and 3576 ± 49, respectively. The cancer risk for adult males and females in a typical SA household exposure scenario was found to be 1.1 and 1.2 respectively, which are 110- and 120-fold higher than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) designated risk severity indicator (1 × 10-6). All four TEX (toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene and o-xylene) compounds recorded a Hazard Quotient (HQ) of less than 1, indicating a low risk of developing related non-carcinogenic health effects. The HQ for TEX ranged from 0.001 to 0.05, with toluene concentrations being the lowest, and ethylbenzene the highest. This study has demonstrated that domestic coal burning may be a significant source of BTEX emission exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masilu Daniel Masekameni
- Occupational Health Division, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Aukland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Raeesa Moolla
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS 2050, South Africa.
| | - Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Services, Braamfontein 2001, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Derk Brouwer
- Occupational Health Division, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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