1
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Oskoei P, Marçal R, Oliveira H, Guilherme S. Hitting two targets with one shot on pesticide genotoxicity assessment - Identifying risk while unveiling ex vivo approach as a throughput tool in gill-breathing animals. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:134948. [PMID: 38968824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides in the environment often compromise the ecosystem, thus requiring reliable approaches to assess their effects. Commonly used approaches, such as in vivo, come with several disadvantages, namely in the light of the 3 R's policy. Seeking for accurate and ethical approaches, this study intended to validate the ex vivo technique as an alternative, and to assess the genotoxicity of chemically-based pesticides and a biopesticide. The ex vivo approach was applied to gill cells of Procambarus clarkii for 2, 4 and 8 h. Cell viability and DNA integrity were evaluated to determine the applicability of this approach. Crayfish gill cells only showed to be suitable for exposures of 2 h. Accordingly, genotoxicity was evaluated in gill cells exposed, for 2 h, to environmentally relevant concentrations of the chemically-based pesticides dimethoate (20 µg L-1), imazalil (160 µg L-1) and penoxsulam (23 µg L-1), as well as to the bioinsecticide Turex® (25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µg L-1). Every chemically-based pesticide demonstrated to be genotoxic, despite not inducing oxidative DNA damage. On the other hand, Turex® showed no genotoxic effects. Overall, the ex vivo approach demonstrated to be possible and practical to implement, improving the number of outcomes with a lower number of organisms. The findings from the screening test suggest that biological pesticides may pose a lower risk to non-target organisms compared to chemically-based pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Párástu Oskoei
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Marçal
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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2
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Carvalho APC, Silva HCM, Gomes ALS, Duncan WLP, Mota AJ, Artoni RF, Carvalho-Zilse G, Matoso DA. Effects of trichlorfon on ecotoxicological biomarkers in farmed Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui). BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e281971. [PMID: 38985061 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.281971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Producers of fish have been looking for viable alternatives for the management of Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui) in confinement systems in order to avoid the harm and subsequent losses caused by parasitic diseases. One alternative used by farmers is pesticides, such as trichlorfon, which has a genotoxic effect. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the changes in gene expression due to the side effects of trichlorfon in tambaqui. Two treatments were used based on LC50-96h of 0.870 mg/L using 30% and 50% trichlorfon with exposure periods of 48, 72 and 96 h. For differential expression of the genes in the liver, real-time PCR was performed for the AChE, GST, CYP2J6, CYP2C8, 18S and GAPDH genes. After 96 h of exposure to trichlorfon, an alteration in the gene expression profile of the antioxidant defense system (GST) of the tambaqui was observed. It was also observed that this organophosphate did not affect the expression of genes related to the isoenzymes that are responsible for the biotransformation of xenobiotics in phase I (2J6 and 2C8) and cholinesterase AChE. It was concluded that the reduction in gene expression of GST suggests a decrease in metabolization capacity in phase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P C Carvalho
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva - GCBEv, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - H C M Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética - DEBIOGEM, Laboratório de Genética e Evolução, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil
| | - A L S Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Departamento de Parasitologia. Instituto de Ciências Biológica - ICB, Laboratório de Parasitologia de Animais Aquáticos - LAPPA, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - W L P Duncan
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Instituto de Ciências Biológica - ICB, Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Morfologia Funcional - LMF, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - A J Mota
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias - FCA, Departamento de Ciências Fundamentais e Desenvolvimento Agrícola - DCFDA, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - R F Artoni
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa - UEPG, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética - DEBIOGEM, Laboratório de Genética e Evolução, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil
| | - G Carvalho-Zilse
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Grupo de Pesquisas em Abelhas - GPA, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - D A Matoso
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Citogenômica Animal - LACA, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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3
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Oskoei P, Guilherme S, Oliveira H. Biopesticide Turex®'s cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and cell cycle arrest on HepG2 cell line. Toxicon 2024; 240:107653. [PMID: 38387755 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Population growth leads to the need for more efficient techniques and compounds in agriculture, such as pesticides, to deal with the ever-growing demand. Pesticides may end up in the environment, often compromising the ecosystem affecting all organisms including humans. Therefore, the consequences of exposure to these compounds to biota and humans needs to be assessed. Bearing this in mind, the aim of this study was to examine the in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity attributed to exposure to the biopesticide Turex® utilizing the liver cell line HepG2. Cells were incubated with biopesticide Turex® at 250, 500, 1000, 1500 or 2000 μg/L in both non-activated and activated forms for 24 and 48 h. Subsequent effects on cell viability were assessed using the MTT. The influence on cell cycle dynamics was determined by flow cytometry, while DNA damage was measured by the comet assay. Data demonstrated that activated Turex® induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage after 48 h in HepG2 cell line. The cell cycle progression was not markedly affected by Turex® at any concentration or duration of exposure. In conclusion, data demonstrated the potential adverse effects attributed to exposure to biopesticide Turex® in human cell line HepG2. Consequently, this type of biopesticide needs to be further investigated to determine the potential adverse in vivo effects on various non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Párástu Oskoei
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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4
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Marçal R, Sousa P, Marques A, Pereira V, Guilherme S, Barreto A, Costas B, Rocha RJM, Pacheco M. Exploring the Antioxidant and Genoprotective Potential of Salicornia ramosissima Incorporation in the Diet of the European Seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax). Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:93. [PMID: 38200822 PMCID: PMC10778275 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel feed materials as a source of functional ingredients is a topical priority in the finfish aquaculture sector. Due to the agrotechnical practices associated and phytochemical profiling, halophytes emerge as a new source of feedstuff for aquafeeds, with the potential to boost productivity and environmental sustainability. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the potential of Salicornia ramosissima incorporation (2.5, 5, and 10%), for 2 months, in the diet of juvenile European seabass, seeking antioxidant (in the liver, gills, and blood) and genoprotective (DNA and chromosomal integrity in blood) benefits. Halophyte inclusion showed no impairments on growth performance. Moreover, a tissue-specific antioxidant improvement was apparent, namely through the GSH-related defense subsystem, but revealing multiple and complex mechanisms. A genotoxic trigger (regarded as a pro-genoprotective mechanism) was identified in the first month of supplementation. A clear protection of DNA integrity was detected in the second month, for all the supplementation levels (and the most prominent melioration at 10%). Overall, these results pointed out a functionality of S. ramosissima-supplemented diets and a promising way to improve aquaculture practices, also unraveling a complementary novel, low-value raw material, and a path to its valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Marçal
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.S.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (S.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Pedro Sousa
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.S.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (S.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Ana Marques
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.S.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (S.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Vitória Pereira
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.S.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (S.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.S.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (S.G.); (M.P.)
| | - André Barreto
- Riasearch, Lda., 3870-168 Murtosa, Portugal; (A.B.); (R.J.M.R.)
| | - Benjamin Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui J. M. Rocha
- Riasearch, Lda., 3870-168 Murtosa, Portugal; (A.B.); (R.J.M.R.)
| | - Mário Pacheco
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.S.); (A.M.); (V.P.); (S.G.); (M.P.)
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5
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Gendron AD, Lacaze É, Taranu ZE, Gouge R, Larbi-Youcef Y, Houde M, André C, Gagné F, Triffault-Bouchet G, Giroux I. The Comet Assay, a Sensitive Biomarker of Water Quality Improvement Following Adoption of Beneficial Agricultural Practices? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2201-2214. [PMID: 37417785 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous actions have been undertaken by farmers to attenuate the impact of agricultural activities on aquatic ecosystems. The identification of biomarkers that respond quickly to water quality improvement could facilitate the assessment of adopted alternative practices and help maintain mobilization among stakeholders. We evaluated the potential of the comet assay, a biomarker of genotoxic effects, using a freshwater mussel, Elliptio complanata, as a model animal. The frequency of DNA damage was assessed in hemocytes of mussels collected from a pristine habitat and caged for 8 weeks in the Pot au Beurre River, a tributary of the fluvial Lake St.-Pierre (Quebec, Canada) impacted by agricultural activities. We found that the level of DNA damage naturally induced in mussel hemocytes was low and showed very limited variations over time. Compared with these baseline levels and to laboratory controls, we observed a doubling in DNA alterations in mussels exposed to agricultural runoff in the third branch of the Pot au Beurre River. The genotoxic response was significantly lower in mussels caged in the first branch of the Pot au Beurre River, where longer stretches of shoreline have been restored as buffer strips. Glyphosate, mesotrione, imazethapyr, and metolachlor were the main discriminant pesticides between these two branches. Metolachlor was found in sufficient concentrations to induce DNA damage, but it is more likely that the observed genotoxicity was the result of a "cocktail effect," that is, the cumulative contribution of coexisting genotoxicants including the above-mentioned herbicides and ingredients in their formulation. Our findings suggest that the comet assay is a sensitive tool for the early detection of changes in water toxicity following the adoption of agricultural beneficial practices. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2201-2214. © 2023 Crown copyright and The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the King's Printer for Scotland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée D Gendron
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Department of Environment and Climate Change, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Émilie Lacaze
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Department of Environment and Climate Change, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zofia E Taranu
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Department of Environment and Climate Change, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rebecca Gouge
- Compliance Promotion and Marine Programs, Environmental Protection Operations, Department of Environment and Climate Change, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yasmina Larbi-Youcef
- Direction Aménagement du Territoire et Développement Régional, Fédération de l'Union des producteurs agricoles de la Montérégie, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Department of Environment and Climate Change, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantale André
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Department of Environment and Climate Change, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Gagné
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Department of Environment and Climate Change, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gaëlle Triffault-Bouchet
- Division Écotoxicologie et Évaluation du risque, Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, Ministère de l'Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Giroux
- Direction générale du suivi de l'état de l'environnement, Ministère de l'Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, Quebec, Canada
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6
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Cheron M, Brischoux F. Exposure to Low Concentrations of AMPA Influences Morphology and Decreases Survival During Larval Development in a Widespread Amphibian Species. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00244-023-01008-y. [PMID: 37468648 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate's primary metabolite, AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid), is one of the most widely detected anthropogenic substance in surface waters worldwide. However, ecotoxicological studies on the potential effects of this metabolite at environmental concentrations on wildlife are scarce. Yet, due to its chemical properties, AMPA is likely to affect non-target species. In this study, we investigated sublethal effects of environmental concentrations of AMPA on the larval development of a widespread amphibian species, the spined toad Bufo spinosus. We performed a factorial experiment to study the effect of concentration and the timing of exposure (during embryonic development, larval development or both) to AMPA on the morphology, rate of development and survival of tadpoles. AMPA and timing of exposure interactively affected tadpole size (individuals exposed to AMPA after hatching were transitorily smaller, while individuals exposed to AMPA before hatching were longer), but not duration of development. Most of these effects were linked to exposure during embryonic development. Such effects in individuals exposed during embryonic development solely were long-lasting and persisted until the latest larval stages. Finally, we found that exposure to AMPA after hatching (during the larval stage) increased mortality. Exposure to low environmental concentrations of AMPA could have long-lasting consequences on fitness and population persistence. These findings are especially important to take into account at a time when multiple threats can interact to affect wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cheron
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC-CNRS UMR 7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC-CNRS UMR 7372, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
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7
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Martínez-Gómez C, Fernández B, Barcala E, García-Aparicio V, Jumilla E, Gea-Pacheco Á, León VM. The impact of chemical pollution on the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from a Mediterranean hypersaline coastal lagoon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80106-80122. [PMID: 37289386 PMCID: PMC10344999 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a critically endangered species. The impact of environmental contamination on this species has been highlighted as contributing to the decline in recruitment. The Mar Menor hypersaline coastal lagoon (SE Spain) is one of the most productive fisheries of European eel in Europe, making it a critical habitat for species conservation. The present study aimed to provide an initial overview of the impact of organic chemical contaminants on the European eel and the potential sublethal effects of chemical pollution on pre-migrating eels in this hypersaline habitat. We investigated muscle bioaccumulation of main persistent and hazardous organic contaminants (including some current-use pesticides) and genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and xenobiotic detoxification system responses. The findings show that lagoon eels were exposed to high levels of legacy organochlorine contaminants, recently banned pesticides (chlorpyrifos), and some emerging chemicals. Some individuals surpassed the maximum levels of CBs authorized by the European Commission for human consumption. In this species, residuals of chlorpyrifos, pendimethalin, and chlorthal dimethyl have been reported for the first time. This field study provides relevant data to stock management and human health consumption and provides the first biomarker responses in European eel under permanent hypersaline conditions. Furthermore, the high frequency of micronuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of lagoon eels indicates sublethal genotoxic effects on the organism. Overall, the European eels growing and maturing in the Mar Menor lagoon are exposed to toxic and carcinogenic chemicals. The lack of seafood safety regulations for human consumption for some legacy chemicals that were measured in high concentrations in our study requires special action. Further biomonitoring and research are recommended to protect the animal, public, and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/ Varadero 1, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Fernández
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/ Varadero 1, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Barcala
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/ Varadero 1, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Víctor García-Aparicio
- Centro de Edafología Y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo. Espinardo 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Esther Jumilla
- Chemistry Faculty, University of Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ángel Gea-Pacheco
- Sciences Faculty, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig Road. S/N, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Víctor Manuel León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/ Varadero 1, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
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8
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Cheron M, Kato A, Ropert-Coudert Y, Meyer X, MacIntosh AJJ, Raoelison L, Brischoux F. Exposure, but not timing of exposure, to a sulfonylurea herbicide alters larval development and behaviour in an amphibian species. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 254:106355. [PMID: 36446167 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination is one of the major causes of biodiversity loss. Wetlands are particularly susceptible to contamination and species inhabiting these habitats are subjected to pollutants during sensitive phases of their development. In this study, tadpoles of a widespread amphibian, the spined toad (Bufo spinosus), were exposed to environmental concentrations of nicosulfuron (0 μg/L; 0.15 ± 0.05 μg/L and 0.83 ± 0.04 μg/L), a sulfonylurea herbicide, during different phases of development. Tadpoles were exposed during embryonic (12.98 ± 0.90 days) or larval development (93.74± 0.85 days), or throughout both phases, and we quantified development duration, morphological traits and behavioural features as responses to exposure. Developing tadpoles exposed to nicosulfuron were larger, but with smaller body, and had shorter but wider tail muscles. They were also more active and swam faster than control tadpoles and showed diverging patterns of behavioural complexity. We showed that higher concentrations had greater effects on individuals than lower concentrations, but the timing of nicosulfuron exposure did not influence the metrics studied: Exposure to nicosulfuron triggered similar effects irrespective of the developmental stages at which exposure occurred. These results further indicate that transient exposure (e.g., during embryonic development) can induce long-lasting effects throughout larval development to metamorphosis. Our study confirms that contaminants at environmental concentrations can have strong consequences on non-target organisms. Our results emphasize the need for regulation agencies and policy makers to consider sublethal concentrations of sulfonulyrea herbicides, such as nicosulfuron, as a minimum threshold in their recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cheron
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois 79360, France.
| | - Akiko Kato
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois 79360, France
| | - Yan Ropert-Coudert
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois 79360, France
| | - Xavier Meyer
- European Science Foundation, 1 quai Lezay-Marnesia, Strasbourg 67080, France
| | - Andrew J J MacIntosh
- Kyoto University Primate Research Institute, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan
| | - Léa Raoelison
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois 79360, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois 79360, France
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9
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Bojarski B, Osikowski A, Hofman S, Szała L, Szczygieł J, Rombel-Bryzek A. Effects of Exposure to a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide on Haematological Parameters, Plasma Biochemical Indices and the Microstructure of Selected Organs of the Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758). Folia Biol (Praha) 2022. [DOI: 10.3409/fb_70-4.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of water environments with herbicides is a common problem nowadays. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of Roundup on common carp ( Cyprinus carpio) after 1, 3 and 10 days of exposure. The used concentrations corresponded to 1 and 5 mg/l of
the active ingredient (glyphosate potassium salt). The haematological analysis performed showed a decrease of the RBC count, as well as an increase of the other erythrocyte indices (Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC). Most of these changes were dependent on the concentration and time. An increase of the
WBC count and the percentage of immature neutrophils occurred, thus indicating the presence of inflammation. In the studied blood biochemical parameters, only minor and temporary changes were observed. The histopathological analysis revealed no alterations in the gills, liver and kidney. Thus,
the results of the present study suggest that the haematological parameters are more sensitive and reliable markers of the common carp's exposure to Roundup than the other parameters that were tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Bojarski
- Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kalinowa 2, 43-520 Zaborze, Poland
| | - Artur Osikowski
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Hofman
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Leszek Szała
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna Szczygieł
- BojarskiInstitute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kalinowa 2, 43-520 Zaborze, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rombel-Bryzek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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Khatib I, Rychter P, Falfushynska H. Pesticide Pollution: Detrimental Outcomes and Possible Mechanisms of Fish Exposure to Common Organophosphates and Triazines. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:236-265. [PMID: 36135714 PMCID: PMC9500960 DOI: 10.3390/jox12030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are well known for their high levels of persistence and ubiquity in the environment, and because of their capacity to bioaccumulate and disrupt the food chain, they pose a risk to animals and humans. With a focus on organophosphate and triazine pesticides, the present review aims to describe the current state of knowledge regarding spatial distribution, bioaccumulation, and mode of action of frequently used pesticides. We discuss the processes by which pesticides and their active residues are accumulated and bioconcentrated in fish, as well as the toxic mechanisms involved, including biological redox activity, immunotoxicity, neuroendocrine disorders, and cytotoxicity, which is manifested in oxidative stress, lysosomal and mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and apoptosis/autophagy. We also explore potential research strategies to close the gaps in our understanding of the toxicity and environmental risk assessment of organophosphate and triazine pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Khatib
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Vital Activity, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Piotr Rychter
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Halina Falfushynska
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Vital Activity, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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11
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Cao X, Rao C, Cui H, Sun D, Li L, Guo S, Zhou J, Yuan R, Yang S, Chen J. Toxic effects of glyphosate on the intestine, liver, brain of carp and on epithelioma papulosum cyprinid cells: Evidence from in vivo and in vitro research. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134691. [PMID: 35489457 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is the most widely used organophosphorus herbicide in agriculture. The present study aimed to analyze the comprehensive toxicological effects of GLY on juvenile common carp and an epithelioma papulosum cyprinid (EPC) cell line. In the in vivo experiments, exposure to GLY (5 and 15 mg/L) for 30 days induced liver inflammation and oxidative damage in common carp and changed the physical barrier of the intestine. Histopathological analysis of the intestine, liver, brain, and changes in oxidative stress biomarkers provided evidence of damage and immune system responses to GLY. Moreover, an inhibitory effect of 15 mg/L GLY on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was found in the brain, which may be an important reason for the significant decrease in both swimming distance and average acceleration of common carp. Cell experiments showed that 0.65 and 3.25 mg/L GLY inhibited the viability of EPCs. Furthermore, oxidative DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were observed in EPC cells following GLY exposure. Taken together, this study not only highlights the negative effects of GLY on common carp but also enriches the knowledge of the cytotoxicity mechanism to further clarify the comprehensive toxicity of GLY in common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Cao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Chenyang Rao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Han Cui
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Dandan Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Suqi Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Jiameng Zhou
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Rongjie Yuan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Shuai Yang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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12
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Costa G, Fernandes A, Santos T, Brito L, Rodrigues L, Valadares M, Felzenszwalb I, Ferraz E, Morais Leme D, Oliveira G. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity assessment of glyphosate and imazethapyr-based herbicides and their association. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:481-493. [PMID: 35189772 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2036281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to glyphosate herbicide has initiated usage of combined application of herbicides as a weed control measure. Imazethapyr-based herbicides associated with glyphosate herbicide seem to be an alternative to suppress weed resistance. The aim of this study was to examine the adverse effects of Glyphosate Atanor 48® (ATN) and Imazethapyr Plus Nortox® (IMZT) formulations in both single forms and mixtures using HepG2 cells and zebrafish early-life stages models. Data demonstrated cytotoxicity due to exposure to ATN, IMZT for both models, as follows: (1) ATN (0.5 mg/L), IMZT (5 mg/L), and M3 (0.05 mg/L ATN + 5 mg/L IMZT) increased cytotoxicity by disturbing the mitochondrial activity of HepG2 cells 24 hr after exposure; (2) ATN and IMZT (5 mg/L), and M3 (0.05 mg/L ATN + 5 mg/L IMZT) also decreased the integrity of the membrane of HepG2 cells after 24 hr incubation; (3) only ATN and IMZT (5 mg/L) in their single forms diminished the mitochondrial potential of zebrafish; (4) ATN (single form) at 0.5 mg/L induced apoptosis in zebrafish larvae. In conclusion, these herbicides in their single forms appeared to produce greater cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells and zebrafish compared to the herbicide mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessyca Costa
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory (EnvTox), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Andréia Fernandes
- Department of Biophysics and Biometry, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaís Santos
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Toxicology in Vitro (ToxIn), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Lara Brito
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory (EnvTox), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Toxicology in Vitro (ToxIn), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Laís Rodrigues
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory (EnvTox), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Marize Valadares
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Toxicology in Vitro (ToxIn), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Israel Felzenszwalb
- Department of Biophysics and Biometry, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa Ferraz
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Administration, Pharmacy College, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Institute of Chemistry, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
- Departament of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gisele Oliveira
- Environmental Toxicology Research Laboratory (EnvTox), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
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13
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Telahigue K, Rabeh I, Mhadhbi L, Nechi S, Chelbi E, Ben Ali M, Hedfi A, Al-Harbi MS, Hajji T. Glyphosate exposure modulates lipid composition, histo-architecture and oxidative stress status and induces neurotoxicity in the smooth scallop Flexopecten glaber. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 184:105099. [PMID: 35715038 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most sprayed pesticide across the globe. Its toxicity to non-target marine organisms has recently piqued the scientific community's interest. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the potentially toxic effects of glyphosate on scallops, an ecologically and economically important bivalve group. To do that, specimens of the smooth scallop Flexopecten glaber were exposed to different concentrations (10, 100, and 1000 μg L-1) of the technical-grade glyphosate acid (GLY) for 96 h. The detrimental effects of this pollutant were assayed at cellular and tissular levels. The obtained results showed that the GLY was able to induce oxidative stress in the gills and the digestive gland of F. glaber as revealed by the enhanced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), protein carbonyls (PCO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid peroxides (LOOH) levels and the altered antioxidant defense system (the glutathione GSH content and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity). Additionally, GLY was found to alter the fatty acid profile, to exert a neurotoxic effect through the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and to provoke several histopathological damages in the two organs studied. The obtained results revealed that the pure form of GLY may exert toxic effects on F. glaber even at relatively low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Telahigue
- Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms (LR18ES41), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Imen Rabeh
- Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms (LR18ES41), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lazhar Mhadhbi
- Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms (LR18ES41), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Nechi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Chelbi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ben Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amor Hedfi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Al-Harbi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Hajji
- Lab. Of Biotechnology and Valorization fo Bio-GeResources (LR11ES31), Higher Institute of Biotechnology - Sidi Thabet, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
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14
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Pal E, Almasri H, Paris L, Diogon M, Pioz M, Cousin M, Sené D, Tchamitchian S, Tavares DA, Delbac F, Blot N, Brunet JL, Belzunces LP. Toxicity of the Pesticides Imidacloprid, Difenoconazole and Glyphosate Alone and in Binary and Ternary Mixtures to Winter Honey Bees: Effects on Survival and Antioxidative Defenses. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10030104. [PMID: 35324729 PMCID: PMC8954695 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To explain losses of bees that could occur after the winter season, we studied the effects of the insecticide imidacloprid, the herbicide glyphosate and the fungicide difenoconazole, alone and in binary and ternary mixtures, on winter honey bees orally exposed to food containing these pesticides at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/L. Attention was focused on bee survival, food consumption and oxidative stress. The effects on oxidative stress were assessed by determining the activity of enzymes involved in antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) in the head, abdomen and midgut; oxidative damage reflected by both lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation was also evaluated. In general, no significant effect on food consumption was observed. Pesticide mixtures were more toxic than individual substances, and the highest mortalities were induced at intermediate doses of 0.1 and 1 µg/L. The toxicity was not always linked to the exposure level and the number of substances in the mixtures. Mixtures did not systematically induce synergistic effects, as antagonism, subadditivity and additivity were also observed. The tested pesticides, alone and in mixtures, triggered important, systemic oxidative stress that could largely explain pesticide toxicity to honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pal
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Hanine Almasri
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Laurianne Paris
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.P.); (M.D.); (F.D.); (N.B.)
| | - Marie Diogon
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.P.); (M.D.); (F.D.); (N.B.)
| | - Maryline Pioz
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Marianne Cousin
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Déborah Sené
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Sylvie Tchamitchian
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Daiana Antonia Tavares
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Frédéric Delbac
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.P.); (M.D.); (F.D.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicolas Blot
- CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.P.); (M.D.); (F.D.); (N.B.)
| | - Jean-Luc Brunet
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
| | - Luc P. Belzunces
- INRAE, UR 406 A&E, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, F-84000 Avignon, France; (E.P.); (H.A.); (M.P.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (S.T.); (D.A.T.); (J.-L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)43272-2604
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15
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Cheron M, Costantini D, Angelier F, Ribout C, Brischoux F. Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) alters oxidative status during embryonic development in an amphibian species. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131882. [PMID: 34509012 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate's primary metabolite (aminomethylphosphonic acid, AMPA) is known to alter embryonic development at environmentally relevant concentrations in amphibians. However, we have limited understanding of the physiological mechanisms through which AMPA affects organisms. In this study, we tested whether alteration of the oxidative status is one mechanism through which AMPA affects organism performance. To this end, we analysed several oxidative status markers in hatchling tadpoles that were exposed to sublethal concentrations of AMPA during embryonic development (~16 days). We compared the influence of environmentally relevant concentrations of AMPA (from 0.07 to 3.57 μg l-1) on the relation between developmental traits (i.e, embryonic development duration, embryonic mortality and hatchling size) and oxidative status markers known to alter homeostasis when unbalanced (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), thiols and ratios thereof). We included measures of telomere length as an indicator of physiological state. We found that AMPA concentrations induce non-monotonic effects on some oxidative status markers with hatchlings displaying elevated antioxidant responses (elevated thiols and unbalanced SOD/(GPx + CAT) ratio). The lack of effect of AMPA on the relation between developmental traits, oxidative status and telomere length suggests that selective mortality of embryos susceptible to oxidative stress may have occurred prior to hatching in individuals less resistant to AMPA which display lower hatching success. Future studies are required to disentangle whether oxidative unbalance is a cause or a consequence of AMPA exposition. This study highlights the need to investigate effects of the metabolites of contaminants at environmental concentrations to comprehensively assess impacts of anthropogenic contamination on wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cheron
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
| | - David Costantini
- Unité Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation (PhyMA), UMR 7221 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP32, 7 Rue Cuvier, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Cécile Ribout
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - François Brischoux
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
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16
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Acar Ü, İnanan BE, Navruz FZ, Yılmaz S. Alterations in blood parameters, DNA damage, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes and immune-related genes expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 249:109147. [PMID: 34332143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, effects of different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated after a 14-day of exposure. After determination of LC50 value, effects of GBH on hematological and serum biochemical parameters in blood samples, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in liver tissues, expression levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST) and immune-related genes (TGF-β, TGF-α and IL1-β) were evaluated. The LC50 value has been found as 44.4 mg/L for GBH. GBH exposure at all concentrations caused alterations in blood parameters. GBH induced oxidative stress in liver and DNA damage in blood. Antioxidant enzyme-related genes were significantly up-regulated to suppress oxidative stress. On the other hand, the expression levels of immune-related genes decreased in fish exposure to particularly ≥20 mg/L GBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit Acar
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Bayramiç Vocational School, Department of Forestry, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - Burak Evren İnanan
- Aksaray University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Fisheries and Diseases, Aksaray, Turkey.
| | - Fahriye Zemheri Navruz
- Bartın University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Turkey
| | - Sevdan Yılmaz
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Marine Science and Technlogy Faculty, Department of Aquaculture, Çanakkale, Turkey.
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17
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Mesnage R, Brandsma I, Moelijker N, Zhang G, Antoniou MN. Genotoxicity evaluation of 2,4-D, dicamba and glyphosate alone or in combination with cell reporter assays for DNA damage, oxidative stress and unfolded protein response. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112601. [PMID: 34626751 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The current generation of carcinogenicity tests is often insufficient to predict cancer outcomes from pesticide exposures. In order to facilitate health risk assessment, The International Agency for Research on Cancer identified 10 key characteristics which are commonly exhibited by human carcinogens. The ToxTracker panel of six validated GFP-based mouse embryonic stem reporter cell lines is designed to measure a number of these carcinogenic properties namely DNA damage, oxidative stress and the unfolded protein response. Here we present an evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of the herbicides glyphosate, 2,4-D and dicamba either alone or in combination, using the ToxTracker assay system. The pesticide 2,4-D was found to be a strong inducer of oxidative stress and an unfolded protein response. Dicamba induced a mild oxidative stress response, whilst glyphosate did not elicit a positive outcome in any of the assays. The results from a mixture of the three herbicides was primarily an oxidative stress response, which was most likely due to 2,4-D with dicamba or glyphosate only playing a minor role. These findings provide initial information regarding the risk assessment of carcinogenic effects arising from exposure to a mixture of these herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Inger Brandsma
- Toxys, De Limes 7, 2342, DH, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gaonan Zhang
- Toxys, De Limes 7, 2342, DH, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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18
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Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Pesticides Affect Mobility and DNA Integrity of Early Life Stages of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9080174. [PMID: 34437492 PMCID: PMC8402510 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9080174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of three concentrations of a pesticide mixture on the first development stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The mixture was made up of three commonly used pesticides in viticulture: glyphosate (GLY), chlorpyrifos (CPF) and copper sulfate (Cu). Eyed stage embryos were exposed for 3 weeks to three concentrations of the pesticide mixture. Lethal and sub-lethal effects were assessed through a number of phenotypic and molecular endpoints including survival, hatching delay, hatching success, biometry, swimming activity, DNA damage (Comet assay), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein carbonyl content and gene expression. Ten target genes involved in antioxidant defenses, DNA repair, mitochondrial metabolism and apoptosis were analyzed using real-time RT-qPCR. No significant increase of mortality, half-hatch, growth defects, TBARS and protein carbonyl contents were observed whatever the pesticide mixture concentration. In contrast, DNA damage and swimming activity were significantly more elevated at the highest pesticide mixture concentration. Gene transcription was up-regulated for genes involved in detoxification (gst and mt1), DNA repair (ogg1), mitochondrial metabolism (cox1 and 12S), and cholinergic system (ache). This study highlighted the induction of adaptive molecular and behavioral responses of rainbow trout larvae when exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of a mixture of pesticides.
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19
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Braga AC, Marçal R, Marques A, Guilherme S, Vilariño Ó, Martins JML, Gago-Martínez A, Costa PR, Pacheco M. Invasive clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) are better equipped to deal with harmful algal blooms toxins than native species (R. decussatus): evidence of species-specific toxicokinetics and DNA vulnerability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144887. [PMID: 33636784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess and compare the kinetics (accumulation/elimination) of the marine biotoxins okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), between native (Ruditapes decussatus) and invasive (Ruditapes philippinarum) clam species, and their genotoxic effects and DNA recover capacity after, exposure to toxic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum lima. Clams were fed with P. lima for 5 days and then to non-toxic algae (post-exposure) during other 5 days. Toxin concentrations determined in clams by LC-MS/MS were related with DNA damage and repair assessment through the comet and base excision repair (BER) assays, respectively. Differential accumulation patterns were observed between the invasive and native species. The invasive species consistently and progressively accumulated the toxins during the first 24 h of exposure, while the native clams showed drastic variations in the toxin accumulation. Nevertheless, at the end of a 5 days of exposure period, the native clams presented higher toxin concentrations, nearly reaching the legal regulatory limit for human consumption. In addition, native clams were vastly affected by OA and DTX1, presenting an increment in the DNA damage since the first day, with a correspondent increase in the repair activity. On the other hand, invasive clams were not affected by the dinoflagellate toxins, exhibiting only some signs of the challenge, namely an increase in the DNA repair mechanisms in the post-exposure period. Invasive clams R. philippinarum are better adapted to cope with harmful algal blooms and OA-group toxins than native species. These results may increase farming interest and may lead to new introductions of the invasive clams. In sympatry sites, exposure to OA-group toxins may unbalance clams species biomass and distribution as exposure to toxic dinoflagellates affects the native clams from cellular to a population level, representing a significant threat to development and maintenance of R. decussatus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Braga
- IPMA-Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal; Biology Department and CESAM, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Marçal
- Biology Department and CESAM, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Marques
- Biology Department and CESAM, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- Biology Department and CESAM, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Óscar Vilariño
- Vigo University, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - J Manuel Leão Martins
- Vigo University, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana Gago-Martínez
- Vigo University, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Pedro R Costa
- IPMA-Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal; CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Biology Department and CESAM, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Telahigue K, Rabeh I, Hajji T, Trabelsi W, Fouzai C, Nechi S, Chelbi E, El Cafsi M, Soudani N. Assessment of the impacts of glyphosate and its commercial formulation Roundup® on the respiratory tree of the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali using a multivariate biomarker approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:129376. [PMID: 33385670 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the potential hazardous impacts of the technical grade glyphosate acid (GLY) and its commercial formulation roundup (RD®) were evaluated for the first time on holothurians. To do this, redox status, fatty acid (FA) profile, and histopathology aspects were assessed in the respiratory tree tissue of the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali following short-term exposure (96 h) to a series of concentrations (10, 100 and 1000 μg L-1) of GLY and RD® (glyphosate acid equivalent). Our results showed that both GLY and RD® promoted oxidative stress highlighted with an increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxides (LOOH) and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels in all treated groups. In addition, both glyphosate forms were found to perturb the FA composition. However, changes in saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) including some essential FA (LA, ARA, EPA and DHA) revealed differential compensatory/adaptive processes in H. forskali depending on the treatment. GLY and RD® were also found to modulate the enzymatic (glutathione S-transferases, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid) antioxidant defense status. Taken together, our results revealed that the commercial formulation produced more pronounced effects on H. forskali respiratory tree than the pure form. This finding was further confirmed by the histological observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Telahigue
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Imen Rabeh
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Hajji
- BVBGR-LR11ES31, Higher Institute of Biotechnology - Sidi Thabet, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Trabelsi
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chaima Fouzai
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Nechi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Chelbi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M'hamed El Cafsi
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Soudani
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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21
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Sang Y, Mejuto JC, Xiao J, Simal-Gandara J. Assessment of Glyphosate Impact on the Agrofood Ecosystem. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:405. [PMID: 33672572 PMCID: PMC7924050 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Agro-industries should adopt effective strategies to use agrochemicals such as glyphosate herbicides cautiously in order to protect public health. This entails careful testing and risk assessment of available choices, and also educating farmers and users with mitigation strategies in ecosystem protection and sustainable development. The key to success in this endeavour is using scientific research on biological pest control, organic farming and regulatory control, etc., for new developments in food production and safety, and for environmental protection. Education and research is of paramount importance for food and nutrition security in the shadow of climate change, and their consequences in food production and consumption safety and sustainability. This review, therefore, diagnoses on the use of glyphosate and the associated development of glyphosate-resistant weeds. It also deals with the risk assessment on human health of glyphosate formulations through environment and dietary exposures based on the impact of glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA-(aminomethyl)phosphonic acid-on water and food. All this to setup further conclusions and recommendations on the regulated use of glyphosate and how to mitigate the adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
| | - Juan-Carlos Mejuto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo—Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain;
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo—Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo—Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
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22
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Marçal R, Pacheco M, Guilherme S. DNA of crayfish spermatozoa as a target of waterborne pesticides - An ex vivo approach as a tool to short-term spermiotoxicity screening. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123300. [PMID: 32947705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The spermiotoxic properties of aquatic contaminants might be the cause of low fertilization rate and decreased prolificacy, affecting the success of the impacted populations. The genotoxic potential of pesticides in spermatozoa as an undesirable effect on non-target organisms, namely aquatic invertebrates with external fertilization, emerges as a key question in ecogenotoxicological research. Thus, this study aimed to clarify if DNA integrity of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) spermatozoa is affected by waterborne pesticides at environmentally relevant concentrations. By adopting an ex vivo approach, six pesticides were addressed in a short-term assay: herbicides glyphosate (9 and 90 μg L-1) and penoxsulam (2.3 and 23 μg L-1); insecticides dimethoate (2.4 and 24 μg L-1) and imidacloprid (13.1 and 131 μg L-1); fungicides pyrimethanil (2.2 and 22 μg L-1) and imazalil (16 and 160 μg L-1). Genotoxicity was observed in higher concentrations of glyphosate, penoxsulam, dimethoate, pyrimethanil, and imazalil. Imidacloprid was the only pesticide that did not cause non-specific DNA damage, although displaying pro-oxidant properties. Overall, the present study demonstrated the suitability of the ex vivo approach on spermiotoxicity screening, highlighting the potential ecological impact of pesticides on non-target species, such as P. clarkii, compromising sperm DNA integrity and, subsequently, the population success.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Marçal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Pacheco
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - S Guilherme
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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23
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Pradhan D, Singh RK, Verma SK. Genotoxic Potential Assessment of the Herbicide Bispyribac-Sodium in a Fresh Water Fish Clarias batrachus (Linn.). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:715-720. [PMID: 32970224 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic potential of herbicide bispyribac-sodium was evaluated in fish Clarias batrachus using micronucleus (MN) test and comet assay. Fish were exposed to three environmentally relevant test concentrations of the herbicide for 20, 25 and 30 days. Significant effects (p < 0.05) for both concentration and duration of exposure were observed in herbicide exposed fish. Similar trend of DNA damage was observed through MN test and comet assay. Maximum DNA damage was observed in fish exposed to highest concentration of herbicide at all duration. Maximum damage was observed on day 25 at all concentrations followed by a decline. This study established C. batrachus as an ecotoxicological model for bispyribac-sodium induced genotoxicity testing. It further confirmed that both MN test and comet assay are useful tool for assessment of genotoxicity induced by water pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyajyoti Pradhan
- Department of Zoology, Dr. C. V. Raman University, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh, India
| | | | - Sushant Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central University), Bilaspur, Chattisgarh, India.
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24
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Braga AC, Pereira V, Marçal R, Marques A, Guilherme S, Costa PR, Pacheco M. DNA damage and oxidative stress responses of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis to paralytic shellfish toxins under warming and acidification conditions - Elucidation on the organ-specificity. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 228:105619. [PMID: 32937230 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Commonly affected by changes in climate and environmental conditions, coastal areas are very dynamic environments where shellfish play an important ecological role. In this study, the oxidative stress and genotoxic responses of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) exposed to paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) - producing dinoflagellates Gymnodinium catenatum were evaluated under i) current conditions (CC: 19 °C; pH 8.0), ii) warming (W: 24 °C; pH 8.0), iii) acidification (A:19 °C; pH 7.6) and iv) combined effect of warming and acidification (WA: 24 °C; pH 7.6). Mussels were fed with G. catenatum for 5 days, and to a non-toxic diet during the following 10 days. A battery of oxidative stress biomarkers and comet assay was performed at the peak of toxin accumulation and at the end of the post-exposure phase. Under CC, gills and hepatopancreas displayed different responses/vulnerabilities and mechanisms to cope with PST. While gills presented a tendency for lipid peroxidation (LPO) and genetic damage (expressed by the Genetic Damage Indicator - GDI), hepatopancreas seems to better cope with the toxins, as no LPO was observed. However, the mechanisms involved in hepatopancreas protection were not enough to maintain DNA integrity. The absence of LPO, and the antioxidant system low responsiveness, suggests DNA damage was not oxidative. When exposed to toxic algae under W, toxin-modulated antioxidant responses were observed in both gills and hepatopancreas. Simultaneous exposure to the stressors highlighted gills susceptibility with a synergistic interaction increasing DNA damage. Exposure to toxic algae under A led to genotoxicity potentiation in both organs. The combined effect of WA did not cause relevant interactions in gills antioxidant responses, but stressors interactions impacted LPO and GDI. Antioxidant responses and LPO pointed out to be modulated by the environmental conditions in hepatopancreas, while GDI results support the dominance of toxin-triggered process. Overall, these results reveal that simultaneous exposure to warming, acidification and PSTs impairs mussel DNA integrity, compromising the genetic information due to the synergetic effects. Finally, this study highlights the increasing ecological risk of harmful algal blooms to Mytilus galloprovinciallis populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Braga
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal; CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Vitória Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Raquel Marçal
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Marques
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro R Costa
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal; CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Ghimire BK, Hwang MH, Sacks EJ, Yu CY, Kim SH, Chung IM. Screening of Allelochemicals in Miscanthus sacchariflorus Extracts and Assessment of Their Effects on Germination and Seedling Growth of Common Weeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1313. [PMID: 33028036 PMCID: PMC7600465 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the application of bioherbicides because they are less destructive to the global ecosystem than synthetic herbicides. Research has focused on reducing the dependence upon synthetic herbicides by substituting them with environmentally and economically sustainable bioproducts. Allelopathic phytochemicals may be an efficient method for controlling weeds, benefitting both the environment and human health. This study addressed the allelopathic potential of Miscanthus sacchariflorus (MS) extracts on the germination, plant growth, biomass, and biochemical parameters (electrolyte leakage, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant enzyme activities) of weeds using laboratory and field experiments. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed the presence of 22 phenolic compounds, including Orientin, Luteolin, Veratric acid, Chlorogenic acid, Protocatechuic acid, p-Coumaric acid, and Ferulic acid. Leaf extracts of M. sacchariflorus either completely suppressed or partially reduced seed germination and affected the development of weed seedlings (root and shoot length), in a dose-dependent manner. Aqueous extracts of M. sacchariflorus reduced the fresh weight and dry weight, affected the photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophylls, carotenoids), influenced the electrolyte ion leakage, and stimulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes in a species-specific manner. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the phenolic compound composition of M. sacchariflorus correlated with the variables tested, indicating that the phytochemicals present in the plant extracts of M. sacchariflorus are a potential source of bio-herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Kumar Ghimire
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.K.G.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Myeong Ha Hwang
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.H.H.); (C.Y.Y.)
| | - Erik J. Sacks
- Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois, Urban-Champaign, 1201 W, Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Chang Yeon Yu
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.H.H.); (C.Y.Y.)
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.K.G.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Ill Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.K.G.); (S.H.K.)
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26
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Meftaul IM, Venkateswarlu K, Dharmarajan R, Annamalai P, Asaduzzaman M, Parven A, Megharaj M. Controversies over human health and ecological impacts of glyphosate: Is it to be banned in modern agriculture? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114372. [PMID: 32203845 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, introduced by Monsanto Company under the commercial name Roundup in 1974, became the extensively used herbicide worldwide in the last few decades. Glyphosate has excellent properties of fast sorption in soil, biodegradation and less toxicity to nontarget organisms. However, glyphosate has been reported to increase the risk of cancer, endocrine-disruption, celiac disease, autism, effect on erythrocytes, leaky-gut syndrome, etc. The reclassification of glyphosate in 2015 as 'probably carcinogenic' under Group 2A by the International Agency for Research on Cancer has been broadly circulated by anti-chemical and environmental advocacy groups claiming for restricted use or ban of glyphosate. In contrast, some comprehensive epidemiological studies involving farmers with long-time exposure to glyphosate in USA and elsewhere coupled with available toxicological data showed no correlation with any kind of carcinogenic or genotoxic threat to humans. Moreover, several investigations confirmed that the surfactant, polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), contained in the formulations of glyphosate like Roundup, is responsible for the established adverse impacts on human and ecological health. Subsequent to the evolution of genetically modified glyphosate-resistant crops and the extensive use of glyphosate over the last 45 years, about 38 weed species developed resistance to this herbicide. Consequently, its use in the recent years has been either restricted or banned in 20 countries. This critical review on glyphosate provides an overview of its behaviour, fate, detrimental impacts on ecological and human health, and the development of resistance in weeds and pathogens. Thus, the ultimate objective is to help the authorities and agencies concerned in resolving the existing controversies and in providing the necessary regulations for safer use of the herbicide. In our opinion, glyphosate can be judiciously used in agriculture with the inclusion of safer surfactants in commercial formulations sine POEA, which is toxic by itself is likely to increase the toxicity of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Md Meftaul
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu 515003, India
| | - Rajarathnam Dharmarajan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Prasath Annamalai
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Md Asaduzzaman
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Aney Parven
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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27
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Gupta P, Verma SK. Evaluation of genotoxicity induced by herbicide pendimethalin in fresh water fishClarias batrachus(linn.) and possible role of oxidative stress in induced DNA damage. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:750-759. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1774603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central University), Bilaspur, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central University), Bilaspur, India
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28
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Ostera JM, Malanga G, Puntarulo S. Assessment of oxidative balance in hydrophilic cellular environment in Chlorella vulgaris exposed to glyphosate. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:125955. [PMID: 32028155 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The studied hypothesis is that glyphosate (GLY) can affect the oxidative balance in the hydrophilic intracellular medium in non-target Chlorella vulgaris cells. Analytical GLY (5 μM) and a commercial product (RUP) (5 μM) supplementation, did not affect the growth profile. Neither in latent (Lag) nor in exponential (Exp) phase of development, there were significant differences in the cellular abundance, evaluated as cell number, after the supplementation with GLY or RUP. The ascorbyl (A•) content was significantly increased in the presence of GLY or RUP, in Lag and Exp phase of growth. No changes were observed in stationary (St) phase after supplementation with either GLY or RUP. Ascorbate (AH-) content was decreased by 30% in Exp phase of development the presence of RUP. In St phase of the development both, the administration of either GLY or RUP decreased the antioxidant content by 34 and 37%, respectively. The supplementation with GLY and RUP lead to a significant 5- and 10-fold increase in Exp phase, respectively in the A•/AH-content ratio, assessed as a damage/protection ratio in the hydrophilic fraction of the cells, as compared to controls. Neither GLY nor RUP affected the ratio in cells in St phase of development. The data presented here showed experimental evidence that suggested that oxidative balance in the hydrophilic environment is affected by GLY, even at the low to medium concentrations currently used. The effect seems as reversible either because of the magnitude of the herbicide-dependent damage or the antioxidant activity activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Ostera
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Malanga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Puntarulo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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29
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Feng D, Malleret L, Soric A, Boutin O. Kinetic study of glyphosate degradation in wet air oxidation conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125930. [PMID: 31978662 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world against perennial and annual weeds. It has been reported to be a micro pollutant, and its degradation in different wastewater treatment processes must be studied. For that purpose, the kinetics of wet air oxidation of glyphosate was studied in an autoclave reactor at a temperature range of 423-523 K and under a total pressure of 15 MPa. Oxidation reactions obeyed the first-order kinetics with respect to glyphosate concentration. The activation energy for glyphosate oxidation was found to be equal to 68.4 kJ mol-1. Furthermore, the possible reaction intermediates and main end products of glyphosate degradation in the wet air oxidation process were identified and quantified using UV-spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. A degradation pathway for glyphosate oxidation was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Feng
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Marseille, France
| | | | - Audrey Soric
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Boutin
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Marseille, France.
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Vali S, Mohammadi G, Tavabe KR, Moghadas F, Naserabad SS. The effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) sublethal concentrations on common carp (Cyprinus carpio): Bioaccumulation, hematology, serum biochemistry and immunology, antioxidant enzymes, and skin mucosal responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110353. [PMID: 32146193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different waterborne sublethal concentrations of Ag-NPs LC50 (96h) on common carp Cyprinus carpio using a multi-biomarker approach. Fish (9.22 ± 0.12 g) were stocked in fiberglass tanks and exposed to concentrations of 0 (control), 12.5%, 25% and 50% of Ag-NPs LC50 (96h) or Ag-NO3 LC50 (96h), as the source of Ag+ ion, for a period of 21 days. At the end of study, tissue Ag contents were significantly (P < 0.05) higher and different in fish exposed to concentrations of 25% and 50% compared to the control. The numbers of RBCs, hematocrit, and MCHC values at these concentrations differed significantly in respect to the control. No significant effects were observed for hemoglobin, MCH, and MCV values. The number of WBCs was significantly higher at concentrations of 12.5% and 25% compared to the control. Meanwhile, the percentage of neutrophils significantly elevated at concentrations of 25% and 50%. Serum total protein at concentration of 50% detected significantly lower than that of 12.5% or the control. The serum albumin and globulin levels significantly declined in Ag-NPs-exposed groups versus the control. The serum ACH50 and total immunoglobulins showed significantly lower values in the treatments of 25% and 50% compared to the control. The serum glucose, cortisol, ALT, and ALP values significantly escalated upon Ag-NPs exposure. The serum SOD and CAT showed enhanced activity in the treatment of 12.5% vice versa significantly diminished at concentrations of 25% and 50% compared to the control. The exposure to the concentrations of 25% and 50% significantly dwindled the lysozyme activity and total immunoglobulin levels in skin mucus. In conclusion, sublethal concentrations of Ag-NPs LC50 (96h) impaired fish health status at higher concentrations and 12.5% of Ag-NPs LC50 (96h) was presumably safe for common carp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vali
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ghasem Mohammadi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Kamran Rezaei Tavabe
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moghadas
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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31
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Iori S, Rovere GD, Ezzat L, Smits M, Ferraresso SS, Babbucci M, Marin MG, Masiero L, Fabrello J, Garro E, Carraro L, Cardazzo B, Patarnello T, Matozzo V, Bargelloni L, Milan M. The effects of glyphosate and AMPA on the mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and its microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:108984. [PMID: 31830695 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide worldwide, targets the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme in the shikimate pathway found in plants and some microorganisms. While the potential for glyphosate to induce a broad range of biological effects in exposed organisms has been demonstrated, the global molecular mechanisms of toxicity and potential effects in bacterial symbionts remain unclear, in particular for ecologically important marine species such as bivalve molluscs. Here, the effects of glyphosate (GLY), its degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and a mixture of both (MIX) on the mussel M. galloprovincialis were assessed in a controlled experiment. For the first time, next generation sequencing (RNA-seq and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing) was used to evaluate such effects at the molecular level in both the host and its respective microbiota. The results suggest that the variable capacity of bacterial species to proliferate in the presence of these compounds and the impairment of host physiological homeostasis due to AMPA and GLY toxicity may cause significant perturbations to the digestive gland microbiota, as well as elicit the spread of potential opportunistic pathogens such as Vibrio spp.. The consequent host-immune system activation identified at the molecular and cellular level could be aimed at controlling changes occurring in the composition of symbiotic microbial communities. Overall, our data raise further concerns about the potential adverse effects of glyphosate and AMPA in marine species, suggesting that both the effects of direct toxicity and the ensuing changes occurring in the host-microbial community must be taken into consideration to determine the overall ecotoxicological hazard of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Iori
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - G Dalla Rovere
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - L Ezzat
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, Santa Barbara, United States
| | - M Smits
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - S S Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Babbucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M G Marin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Basssi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - L Masiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Basssi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - J Fabrello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Basssi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - E Garro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - L Carraro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - B Cardazzo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - T Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - V Matozzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Basssi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - L Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy; CONISMA - Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma, Italy
| | - M Milan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy; CONISMA - Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma, Italy.
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Neto da Silva K, Garbin Cappellaro L, Ueda CN, Rodrigues L, Pertile Remor A, Martins RDP, Latini A, Glaser V. Glyphosate-based herbicide impairs energy metabolism and increases autophagy in C6 astroglioma cell line. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 83:153-167. [PMID: 32085696 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1731897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Several investigators demonstrated that glyphosate formulations produce neurotoxicity associated with oxidative stress, alterations in glutamatergic system, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms following exposure to this herbicide on astrocytes are unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the activity of enzymes related to energy metabolism, in addition to oxidative stress parameters, mitochondrial mass, nuclear area, and autophagy in astrocytes treated with a glyphosate-based herbicide. Our results showed that 24 h exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide decreased (1) cell viability, (2) activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes and creatine kinase (CK), (3) mitochondrial mass, and (4) nuclear area in rat astroglioma cell line (C6 cells). However, non-protein thiol (NPSH) levels were increased but catalase activity was not changed in cells exposed to the herbicide at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Low glyphosate concentrations elevated content of cells positive to autophagy-related proteins. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1) and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) labeling were not markedly altered in cells exposed to glyphosate at the same concentrations that an increase in NPSH levels and positive cells to autophagy were found. It is conceivable that mitochondria and CK may be glyphosate-based herbicides targets. Further, autophagy induction and NPSH increase may be mechanisms initiated to avoid oxidative stress and cell death. However, more studies are needed to clarify the role of autophagy in astrocytes exposed to the herbicide and which components of the formulation might be triggering the effects observed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katriane Neto da Silva
- Laboratório De Biologia Celular, Coordenadoria Especial De Ciências Biológicas E Agronômicas, Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina - Campus De Curitibanos, Curitibanos, Brazil
| | - Laura Garbin Cappellaro
- Laboratório De Biologia Celular, Coordenadoria Especial De Ciências Biológicas E Agronômicas, Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina - Campus De Curitibanos, Curitibanos, Brazil
| | - Caroline Naomi Ueda
- Laboratório De Biologia Celular, Coordenadoria Especial De Ciências Biológicas E Agronômicas, Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina - Campus De Curitibanos, Curitibanos, Brazil
| | - Luana Rodrigues
- Laboratório De Biologia Celular, Coordenadoria Especial De Ciências Biológicas E Agronômicas, Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina - Campus De Curitibanos, Curitibanos, Brazil
| | - Aline Pertile Remor
- Programa De Pós-graduação Em Biociências E Saúde, Universidade Do Oeste De Santa Catarina - Campus Joaçaba, Joaçaba, Brazil
| | - Roberta de Paula Martins
- Departamento De Ciências Da Saúde, Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina - Campus De Araranguá, Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Laboratório De Bioenergética E Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento De Bioquímica, Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina - Campus De Florianópolis, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Viviane Glaser
- Laboratório De Biologia Celular, Coordenadoria Especial De Ciências Biológicas E Agronômicas, Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina - Campus De Curitibanos, Curitibanos, Brazil
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Slaby S, Titran P, Marchand G, Hanotel J, Lescuyer A, Leprêtre A, Bodart JF, Marin M, Lemiere S. Effects of glyphosate and a commercial formulation Roundup® exposures on maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3697-3705. [PMID: 30835066 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are often found at high concentrations in small ponds near agricultural field where amphibians are used to live and reproduce. Even if there are many studies on the impacts of phytopharmaceutical active ingredients in amphibian toxicology, only a few are interested in the earlier steps of their life cycle. While their populations are highly threatened with extinction. The aim of this work is to characterize the effects of glyphosate and its commercial formulation Roundup® GT Max on the Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation which is an essential preparation for the laying and the fertilization. Glyphosate is an extensively used herbicide, not only known for its effectiveness but also for its indirect impacts on non-target organisms. Our results showed that exposures to both forms of glyphosate delayed this hormone-dependent process and were responsible for spontaneous maturation. Severe and particular morphogenesis abnormalities of the meiotic spindle were also observed. The MAPK pathway and the MPF did not seem to be affected by exposures. The xenopus oocyte is particularly affected by the exposures and appears as a relevant model for assessing the effects of environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Slaby
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- URAFPA, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, University de Lorraine, INRA, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, F-54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
- EA 4515-LGCgE-Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, University Lille, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Pauline Titran
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Marchand
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Julie Hanotel
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Arlette Lescuyer
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alain Leprêtre
- EA 4515-LGCgE-Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, University Lille, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jean-François Bodart
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Matthieu Marin
- CNRS, INRA, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Lemiere
- EA 4515-LGCgE-Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, University Lille, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Zhang JW, Xu DQ, Feng XZ. The toxic effects and possible mechanisms of glyphosate on mouse oocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124435. [PMID: 31352102 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a high-efficiency, low-toxicity, broad-spectrum herbicide. The residues of glyphosate-based herbicides are frequent pollutants in the environment. However, the effects of glyphosate on oocyte maturation, as well as its possible mechanisms, remain unclear. The present study revealed that mouse oocytes had reduced rates of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and first polar body extrusion (PBE) after treatment with 500 μM glyphosate. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were found in mouse oocytes exposed to glyphosate, as shown by changes in the mRNA expression of related antioxidant enzyme genes (cat, sod2, gpx). After 14 h of exposure to glyphosate, metaphase II (MII) mouse oocytes displayed an abnormal spindle morphology and DNA double-strand breaks (DNA-DSBs). Simultaneously, mitochondria showed an aggregated distribution and decreased membrane potential in mouse oocytes exposed to glyphosate. The protein expression levels of apoptosis factors (Bax, Bcl-2) and the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes (bax, bcl-2, caspase3) were measured by Western blot and qRT-PCR, respectively. Meanwhile, the expression levels of autophagy-related genes (lc3, atg14, mtor) and proteins (LC3, Atg12) were significantly decreased in the glyphosate treatment group compared with the control group. Collectively, our results indicated that glyphosate exposure could interfere with mouse oocyte maturation by generating oxidative stress and early apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ding-Qi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xi-Zeng Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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35
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Weeks Santos S, Gonzalez P, Cormier B, Mazzella N, Bonnaud B, Morin S, Clérandeau C, Morin B, Cachot J. A glyphosate-based herbicide induces sub-lethal effects in early life stages and liver cell line of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 216:105291. [PMID: 31525644 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most pesticides used in agriculture end up in the aquatic environment through runoff and leaching of treated crops. One of the most commonly used herbicides is glyphosate. This compound or its metabolites are frequently detected in surface water in Europe. In the present study, in vivo and in vitro studies were carried out using the early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the cell line RTL-W1 (a liver cell line from rainbow trout) to characterize the toxic effects of glyphosate at environmentally-realistic concentrations. Both studies were performed using the commercial formulation Roundup® GT Max, and technical-grade glyphosate for the in vitro study. Eyed-stage embryos were exposed for 3 weeks to sub-lethal concentrations (0.1 and 1 mg/L) of glyphosate using Roundup. Numerous toxicity endpoints were recorded such as survival, hatching success, larval biometry, developmental abnormalities, swimming activity, genotoxicity (formamidopyrimidine DNA-glycosylase Fpg-modified comet assay), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein carbonyls and target gene transcription. Concentrations neither affected embryonic or larval survival nor increased developmental abnormalities. However, a significant decrease was observed in the head size of larvae exposed to 1 mg/L of glyphosate. In addition, a significant increase in mobility was observed for larvae exposed to glyphosate at 0.1 mg/L. TBARS levels were significantly decreased on larvae exposed to 1 mg/L (a.i.), and cat and cox1 genes were differently transcribed from controls. DNA damage was detected by the Fpg-modified comet assay in RTL-W1 cell line exposed to the technical-grade glyphosate and Roundup formulation. The results suggest that chronic exposure to glyphosate, at environmental concentrations, could represent a potential risk for early life stages of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Weeks Santos
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffoy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffoy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Bettie Cormier
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffoy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Mazzella
- IRSTEA, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612, Cestas cedex, France
| | - Bertille Bonnaud
- IRSTEA, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612, Cestas cedex, France
| | - Soizic Morin
- IRSTEA, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612, Cestas cedex, France
| | - Christelle Clérandeau
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffoy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffoy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, University of Bordeaux, Allée Geoffoy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France.
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Santos S, Ferreira T, Almeida J, Pires MJ, Colaço A, Lemos S, Gil da Costa RM, Medeiros R, Bastos MMSM, Neuparth MJ, Abreu H, Pereira R, Pacheco M, Gaivão I, Rosa E, Oliveira PA. Dietary Supplementation with the Red Seaweed Porphyra umbilicalis Protects against DNA Damage and Pre-Malignant Dysplastic Skin Lesions in HPV-Transgenic Mice. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110615. [PMID: 31671845 PMCID: PMC6891340 DOI: 10.3390/md17110615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Some diet profiles are associated with the risk of developing cancer; however, some nutrients show protective effects. Porphyra umbilicalis is widely consumed, having a balanced nutritional profile; however, its potential for cancer chemoprevention still needs comprehensive studies. In this study, we incorporated P. umbilicalis into the diet of mice transgenic for the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), which spontaneously develop pre-malignant and malignant lesions, and determined whether this seaweed was able to block lesion development. Forty-four 20-week-old HPV+/− and HPV−/− mice were fed either a base diet or a diet supplemented with 10% seaweed. At the end of the study, skin samples were examined to classify HPV16-induced lesions. The liver was also screened for potential toxic effects of the seaweed. Blood was used to study toxicological parameters and to perform comet and micronucleus genotoxicity tests. P. umbilicalis significantly reduced the incidence of pre-malignant dysplastic lesions, completely abrogating them in the chest skin. These results suggest that P. umbilicalis dietary supplementation has the potential to block the development of pre-malignant skin lesions and indicate its antigenotoxic activity against HPV-induced DNA damage. Further studies are needed to establish the seaweed as a functional food and clarify the mechanisms whereby this seaweed blocks multistep carcinogenesis induced by HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Santos
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - José Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Maria J Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Aura Colaço
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Sílvia Lemos
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
- CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal.
- LPCC Research Department, Portuguese League against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Margarida M S M Bastos
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria J Neuparth
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Helena Abreu
- ALGAplus, Lda., PCI-Creative Science Park, 3830-352 Ílhavo, Portugal.
| | - Rui Pereira
- ALGAplus, Lda., PCI-Creative Science Park, 3830-352 Ílhavo, Portugal.
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- Department of Genetic and Biotechnology, CECAV, UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo Rosa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Department of Agronomy, UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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Silva GSD, Matos LVD, Freitas JODS, Campos DFD, Almeida E Val VMFD. Gene expression, genotoxicity, and physiological responses in an Amazonian fish, Colossoma macropomum (CUVIER 1818), exposed to Roundup® and subsequent acute hypoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 222:49-58. [PMID: 31004834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Roundup® (RD) is a glyphosate-based herbicide used to control weeds in agriculture, and fishponds. In the Amazon, hypoxia is a natural phenomenon in flooded areas. Beyond the challenge of hypoxia, fish need to cope with the use of pesticides as RD that increases in the aquatic environment through the leaching of agricultural areas, and in aquaculture fish tanks. Thus, there is a need to better understand the combined effects of hypoxia and RD contamination for aquatic biota. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Roundup® (RD) and subsequent acute hypoxia in the gene expression, genotoxicity, histological and physiological responses of Colossoma macropomum. Fish were individually exposed to four different treatments during 96 h: normoxia (N), hypoxia (H), RD plus normoxia (NRD), and RD plus hypoxia (HRD) (RD concentration represents 75% of LC50 - nominal concentration 15 mg L-1 to C. macropomum). HRD fishes presented down-regulation of hif-1α gene and ras oncogene, while NRD fish presented overexpression of ras; no difference occurred in hif-1α gene expression in both normoxia treatments. The glutathione-S-transferase and catalase activities increased in HRD fish liver compared to NRD. Otherwise, there was no difference in lipoperoxidation (LPO) between all treatments. Genetic Damage Index, measured throughout comet assay in erythrocytes of all treatments, presented similar values, excepted by fish exposed to NRD. As regard as hypoxic exposure, hypoxic fish presented significantly lower values, compared to HRD fishes. An increase in liver histological injuries occurred in H and HRD fish groups. In conclusion, we may affirm that C. macropomum is sensitive concerning RD contamination and that this sensitivity increases when combined with hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyelle Sebrenski da Silva
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution (LEEM), Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), 69067-375, André Araújo Avenue, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil; Institute of Biological Science (ICB) in Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Av. General Rodrigo Octávio, 6200, Coroado I, 69080-900-Manaus-AM, Brazil.
| | - Lorena Vieira de Matos
- Institute of Biological Science (ICB) in Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Av. General Rodrigo Octávio, 6200, Coroado I, 69080-900-Manaus-AM, Brazil
| | - Juliana Oliveira da Silva Freitas
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution (LEEM), Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), 69067-375, André Araújo Avenue, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Derek Felipe de Campos
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution (LEEM), Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), 69067-375, André Araújo Avenue, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Fonseca de Almeida E Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution (LEEM), Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), 69067-375, André Araújo Avenue, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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Singh M, Khan H, Verma Y, Rana SVS. Distinctive fingerprints of genotoxicity induced by As, Cr, Cd, and Ni in a freshwater fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19445-19452. [PMID: 31077041 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity of three toxic elements (chromium, cadmium, nickel) and a metalloid (arsenic) has been studied in a freshwater fish, Channa punctatus using micronuclei (MN) test, comet assay, and erythrocyte nuclear alterations (ENAs) as fingerprints of genotoxicity. These tests yielded different results suggesting involvement of different mechanisms for their genotoxicity. While highest frequency of blebbed nuclei was observed in chromium-treated fish (6.5 ± 0.76), lowest was observed in cadmium-treated fish (4.0 ± 1.0). Maximum number of notched nuclei was recorded in arsenic-treated fish (5.5 ± 1.15) whereas highest numbers of lobed nuclei were found in cadmium-treated fish (4.5 ± 0.13). These differences might be attributed to selective bioaccumulation and chemodynamics of each element. Other parameters used to determine genotoxicity viz.: lipid peroxidation and DNA damage also suggested different mechanisms of their genotoxicity. It is suggested that an integrative approach, using a battery of tests for determining genotoxicity, should be made while making environmental health risk assessment and ecotoxicological studies of these toxic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Singh
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Huma Khan
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Yeshvandra Verma
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
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de Brito Rodrigues L, Gonçalves Costa G, Lundgren Thá E, da Silva LR, de Oliveira R, Morais Leme D, Cestari MM, Koppe Grisolia C, Campos Valadares M, de Oliveira GAR. Impact of the glyphosate-based commercial herbicide, its components and its metabolite AMPA on non-target aquatic organisms. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 842:94-101. [PMID: 31255230 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is the active ingredient of several herbicide formulations widely used to control weeds in agricultural and non-agricultural areas. Due to the intensive use of GLY-based herbicides and their direct application on soils, some of their components, including the active ingredient, may reach the aquatic environment through direct run-off and leaching. The present study assessed the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of the GLY-based formulation Atanor 48 (ATN) and its major constituents GLY, surfactant polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), as well as the main metabolite of GLY aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) on non-target aquatic organisms. The toxic effects of these chemicals were evaluated in the fish embryo acute toxicity test with zebrafish (Danio rerio), while genotoxic effects were investigated in the comet assays with cells from zebrafish larvae and rainbow trout gonad-2 (RTG-2). GLY and AMPA caused no acute toxic effect, while ATN and POEA induced significant lethal effects in zebrafish (LC50-96 h 76.50 mg/L and 5.49 mg/L, respectively). All compounds were genotoxic in comet experiments with zebrafish larvae (LOEC 1.7 mg/L for GLY, ATN, AMPA and 0.4 mg/L for POEA). Unlike in vivo, only POEA induced DNA damage in RTG-2 cells (LOEC 1.6 mg/L), suggesting that it is a direct acting genotoxic agent. In summary, these data indicate that the lethal effects on zebrafish early-life stages can be ranked in the following order from most to least toxic: surfactant POEA > formulation ATN > active ingredient GLY ≈ metabolite AMPA. Genotoxic effects were observed in both RTG-2 cells (only POEA) and zebrafish (all test compounds) with the lowest tested concentrations. Therefore, it is important to evaluate different toxicological endpoints as well as use different non-target organisms to predict the hazards of GLY-based formulations and their components and breakdown product to aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rhaul de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; School of Technology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Biological Sciences Institute - University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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40
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Pereira V, Marques A, Gaivão I, Rego A, Abreu H, Pereira R, Santos MA, Guilherme S, Pacheco M. Marine macroalgae as a dietary source of genoprotection in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) against endogenous and exogenous challenges. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 219:12-24. [PMID: 30721760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DNA integrity and stability are essential to organisms' health and survival. However, it has been neglected in what concerns to fish farming, disregarding the potential impact of endogenous/ exogenous factors. As marine macroalgae constitute a source of natural compounds with a large spectrum of biological activities, this study, situated in the interface of nutritional-genetic research and development of algae practical applications, aimed to evaluate the genoprotective properties of a macroalgae-enriched diet (total percentage of 5%, incorporating equal percentages of Ulva rigida, Gracilaria gracilis and Fucus vesiculosus) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Protection was assessed in relation to a basal genome integrity and against an exogenous genotoxic challenge (cyclophosphamide; CP). Fish were reared for 30 days with the supplemented diet, being then injected with CP and sampled at days 3 and 10 post-injection (p.i.). To evaluate whether the favorable effects remain after the end of supplementation, a fish subgroup previously fed with algae-enriched diet was submitted to a diet reversion at day 3 p.i., being thereafter fed with the standard diet. Genetic damage was evaluated through the erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) and comet assays and complemented by the assessment of the antioxidant system. Results pointed out that algae-enriched feed exhibits anti-genotoxic properties, mostly expressed in relation to the exogenous pressure, manifest in relation to DNA strand breaks and chromosomal lesions, also reducing oxidative DNA damage. Nonetheless, blood antioxidants were only punctually altered by the supplemented diet (e.g. catalase and glutathione-S-transferase). Analyzing the effect persistence, it was perceived that 7 days without algae uptake was enough to partially reduce the protection efficacy. Overall, these findings are promising towards the benefits of macroalgae inclusion in fish diet, and thus, to invigorate mariculture activity and the commercial use of algae, also providing new insights on the DNA protection mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Marques
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- CECAV and Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro University, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Andreia Rego
- ALGAplus Lda., Travessa Alexandre da Conceição s/n, 3830-196 Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - Helena Abreu
- ALGAplus Lda., Travessa Alexandre da Conceição s/n, 3830-196 Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - Rui Pereira
- ALGAplus Lda., Travessa Alexandre da Conceição s/n, 3830-196 Ílhavo, Portugal
| | - Maria Ana Santos
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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41
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Cruzeiro C, Ramos A, Loganimoce EM, Arenas F, Rocha E, Cardoso PG. Genotoxic effects of combined multiple stressors on Gammarus locusta haemocytes: Interactions between temperature, pCO 2 and the synthetic progestin levonorgestrel. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:864-872. [PMID: 30504037 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and pharmaceutical contamination are two priority research topics due to their impacts in the aquatic ecosystems and in the food chain structure. In the bottom of many food chains are the invertebrates, like the amphipods, which are important environmental and ecotoxicological models. In this study, we combined the increase of temperature [ambient and warming temperature], pCO2 [normocapnia and hypercapnia] and the synthetic progestin levonorgestrel (LNG) [environmentally relevant concentration (10 ng L-1) and 100-fold higher (1000 ng L-1)] to evaluate the genotoxic effects on the amphipod Gammarus locusta haemocytes, using the comet assay technique. Additionally, the study examined protective/potentiating effects of the three tested factors against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced DNA damage in haemocytes after ex vivo exposure. Our data revealed no significant effects of any of the three stressors on DNA damage of G. locusta haemocytes or protection against H2O2-induced DNA damage after twenty-one days exposure. Only a significant effect of the solvent was visible, since it was able to induce higher DNA damage (i.e. strand breaks) on exposed individuals. On the other hand, LNG exposure seemed to induce a slight increase of DNA damage after H2O2 exposure. Our findings suggest that more short-term studies to conclude about the genotoxicity and/or protective effects of the stress factors in G. locusta should be made, attending to the fast turnover rate of repairing cells that could have masked impacts seen only after the end of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cruzeiro
- Department of Life Sciences, CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Group of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - A Ramos
- Group of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - E M Loganimoce
- Group of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Arenas
- Group of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - E Rocha
- Group of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - P G Cardoso
- Group of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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42
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Rodrigues S, Antunes SC, Correia AT, Golovko O, Žlábek V, Nunes B. Assessment of toxic effects of the antibiotic erythromycin on the marine fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) by a multi-biomarker approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:234-247. [PMID: 30384292 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Erythromycin (ERY) is one of the most common antibiotics used in human and veterinary practices, leading to ubiquitous environmental distribution and possible toxicity to non-target organisms. The purpose of this study was to determine sub-lethal effects of ERY towards the marine fish Sparus aurata (gilthead seabream). S. aurata were acutely (0.3-323 μg/L, 96 h) and chronically (0.7-8.8 μg/L, 28 d) exposed to ERY. Detoxification [7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), uridine-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)], oxidative stress [catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRed)], lipid peroxidation [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - (TBARS)], genotoxicity [genetic damage index (GDI) and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENAs)], neurotransmission [acetylcholinesterase (AChE)] and energy metabolism [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] biomarkers were evaluated. Results showed that ERY did not promote significant effects in detoxification biomarkers, but induced slight pro-oxidative effects (decrease of GPx activity in the liver after acute exposure and an increase in gills after chronic exposure; and an increase of hepatic GRed activity following chronic exposure). There was a significant decrease in TBARS after chronic exposure, which contradicts a full scenario of oxidative stress. In terms of genotoxicity, both ERY exposures caused only a significant increase of GDI. Neurotransmission and energy metabolism were not also affected by ERY. Although few toxic effects of ERY have been previously documented (involving different metabolic pathways, as tested in this work), these were mainly observed for freshwater species. These findings suggest low vulnerability of S. aurata to ERY at levels close to the ones found in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Sara C Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Alberto T Correia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa (FCS-UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
| | - Oksana Golovko
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Žlábek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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43
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Silveira T, Varela Junior AS, Corcini CD, Domingues WB, Remião M, Santos L, Barreto B, Lessa I, Martins D, Boyle RT, Costa PG, Bianchini A, Robaldo RB, Campos VF. Roundup® Herbicide Decreases Quality Parameters of Spermatozoa of Silversides Odontesthes Humensis. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:1-6. [PMID: 30511085 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The silverside (Odontesthes humensis) is a very interesting model for toxicological studies due its high sensitivity and need for good water quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Roundup on spermatozoa of O. humensis, after acute exposure. The fish were exposed to 0 and 7.8 mg L-1 (a.e.) of glyphosate, respectively. Through computer-assisted sperm analysis, a significant decrease in concentration, total and progressive motility, average path distance, straight line distance, path average velocity, curved line velocity, straight line velocity linearity, wobble, amplitude of lateral head displacement, cross beat frequency, and motility period of silverside spermatozoa exposed to Roundup was observed. Also, increase in membrane fluidity, ROS production and lipid peroxidation and a decrease in the mitochondrial functionality was observed in spermatozoa of Roundup exposed silversides. It was demonstrated that Roundup exposure in a concentration that can be achieve in natural water bodies soon after its application in fields is able to cause losses in several sperm quality parameters, consequently decreasing the fertilization potential of O. humensis spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Silveira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sergio Varela Junior
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal Comparada, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Dahl Corcini
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal Comparada, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - William B Domingues
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Remião
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia do Câncer, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Santos
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Barreto
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Lessa
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Martins
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal Comparada, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Robert T Boyle
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B Robaldo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Farias Campos
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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44
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Pandey AK, Nagpure NS, Trivedi SP. Genotoxicity assessment of pesticide profenofos in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) using comet assay and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:316-323. [PMID: 30077112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the induced genotoxicity (DNA damage) due to organophosphate pesticide profenofos (PFF) after in vivo exposure in freshwater fish Channa punctatus by the use of Comet assay and Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The fish specimens were exposed to sub-lethal concentration of 1.16 ppb (50% of LC50) in a semi-static system and the DNA damage was assessed in exposed and control fish. The DNA damage was measured in erythrocytes as the percentage of DNA damage in Comet tails and RAPD technique using oligonucleotide primers of fish specimens exposed to the sublethal concentrations of PFF. The most informative primers in terms of variation in RAPD profile were found to be OPA-01, OPA-03, OPB-02, OPB-01 and OPA-13. Appearance/disappearance of bands and increase/decrease in the band intensity were evident in the RAPD profile of fish specimens exposed to PFF as compared to the control. Findings from the present study suggest that the potential impacts of assessment of the genotoxic impact of pesticide on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atindra Kumar Pandey
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, 226002 UP, India; Environmental Toxicology and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007 UP, India.
| | - Naresh S Nagpure
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, 226002 UP, India; Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India.
| | - Sunil P Trivedi
- Environmental Toxicology and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007 UP, India.
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45
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Davoren MJ, Schiestl RH. Glyphosate-based herbicides and cancer risk: a post-IARC decision review of potential mechanisms, policy and avenues of research. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:1207-1215. [PMID: 30060078 PMCID: PMC7530464 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its initial sales in the 1970s, the herbicide glyphosate attained widespread use in modern agriculture, becoming the most commercially successful and widely used herbicide of all time as of 2016. Despite a primary mechanism that targets a pathway absent from animal cells and regulatory studies showing safety margins orders of magnitude better than many other, more directly toxic herbicides, the safety status of glyphosate has recently been brought into question by a slow accumulation of studies suggesting more subtle health risks, especially when considered in combination with the surfactants it is usually applied with. Current, official views of respected international regulatory and health bodies remain divided on glyphosate's status as a human carcinogen, but the 2015 International Agency for Research on Cancer decision to reclassify the compound as Category 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) marked a sea change in the scientific community's consensus view. The goal of this review is to consider the state of science regarding glyphosate's potential as a human carcinogen and genotoxin, with particular focus on studies suggesting mechanisms that would go largely undetected in traditional toxicology studies, such as microbiome disruption and endocrine mimicry at very low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davoren
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert H Schiestl
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Environmental Health Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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46
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Rodrigues S, Antunes SC, Correia AT, Nunes B. Ecotoxicological evaluation of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) exposed to the antibiotic oxytetracycline using a multibiomarker approach. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 141:233-246. [PMID: 30227982 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxytetracycline (OTC) is an antibiotic widely used in human and veterinary medicines. Since the primary toxicity occurs mainly at molecular/biochemical levels, the study of different biological responses corresponds to a sensitive and crucial approach. The aim of the present study was to assess the toxic effects of OTC in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) through the use of multibiomarkers and elucidate about the possible toxicological mechanisms involved. S. aurata were acutely (96 h: 0.04-400 μg/L) and chronically (28 days: 0.0004-4 μg/L) exposed to OTC. Detoxification, antioxidant defense, lipid peroxidation, genotoxicity, neurotransmission and energy metabolism biomarkers were evaluated. OTC impaired the detoxification pathways and caused peroxidative damage and genotoxicity. The relevance of the here-obtained data is high, since significant effects were recorded for levels already reported to occur in the wild, meaning that environmentally-exposed marine organisms (including those cultured at fish farms) are not completely exempt of risks posed by OTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - S C Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - A T Correia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa (FCS-UFP), Rua Carlos da Maia 296, 4200-150, Porto, Portugal
| | - B Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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47
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Costa R, Pereira JL, Santos MA, Pacheco M, Guilherme S. The role of contamination history and gender on the genotoxic responses of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii to a penoxsulam-based herbicide. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:908-918. [PMID: 29869192 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The responses of non-target organisms to pesticide exposure are still poorly explored in what concerns the development of adjustments favouring population success. Owing to the vital role of DNA integrity, it is important to identify genome-maintenance skills and their determinant factors. Thus, the major aims of the present study were: (i) to assess the genotoxicity of the penoxsulam-based herbicide (Viper®) to the crayfish Procambarus clarkii; (ii) to understand the influence of gender and contamination history in the genotoxic responses following exposure to this herbicide; (iii) to investigate the damage mechanisms involved in putative adjustments shown by P. clarkii. Two populations were tested, one from a reference site and the other from a historically contaminated site. Specimens from both populations were exposed to Viper®, considering environmentally relevant penoxsulam concentrations (20 and 40 µg L-1) and to a model genotoxicant (EMS). Comet assay was adopted to assess the genetic damage in gills. The results disclosed the genotoxicity of the herbicide to crayfish (a non-target organism). Additionally, organisms exposed to the highest concentration of penoxsulam signalized the influence of factor "population" towards the genotoxic pressure (measured as effective DNA breaks): P2 males from the historically impacted population displayed a significantly higher susceptibly (by up to 53.98%) when compared to control, while the homologous group from the reference population presented levels similar to its respective control. When DNA lesion-repair enzymes were considered, DNA oxidation patterns suggested an increased ability of this gender (39.75% lower than negative control) to deal with this particular type of damage, namely considering pyrimidines oxidation. It is worth remarking that the influence of the exposure history on the protection/vulnerability to the penoxsulam-based herbicide was only evident in males, despite depending on the type of DNA damage: when the non-specific damage was considered, organisms from the impacted population seemed to be more vulnerable while regarding to the oxidative damage, males from the impacted population appeared to be more protected than organisms that have never been exposed to penoxsulam. Overall, the influence of factors "gender" and "contamination history" was demonstrated as well as its dependence on DNA damage type was evident. EMS groups did not present the differences between populations, reinforcing the agent-specific adjustment hypothesis.These findings highlighted the importance of considering differential physiological backgrounds in ecogenotoxicological analysis, hence favouring the elaboration of more plausible and holistic approaches integrating the environmental risk assessment of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Ana Santos
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Milan M, Dalla Rovere G, Smits M, Ferraresso S, Pastore P, Marin MG, Bogialli S, Patarnello T, Bargelloni L, Matozzo V. Ecotoxicological effects of the herbicide glyphosate in non-target aquatic species: Transcriptional responses in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:442-451. [PMID: 29505984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate has been the most widely used herbicide worldwide over the last three decades, raising increasing concerns for its potential impacts on environmental and human health. Recent studies revealed that glyphosate occurs in soil, surface water, and groundwater, and residues are found at all levels of the food chain, such as drinking water, plants, animals, and even in humans. While research has demonstrated that glyphosate can induce a broad range of biological effects in exposed organisms, the global molecular mechanisms of action still need to be elucidated, in particular for marine species. In this study, we characterized for the first time the molecular mechanisms of action of glyphosate in a marine bivalve species after exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations. To reach such a goal, Mediterranean mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, an ecologically and economically relevant species, were exposed for 21 days to 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L and digestive gland transcriptional profiles were investigated through RNA-seq. Differential expression analysis identified a total of 111, 124, and 211 differentially regulated transcripts at glyphosate concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L, respectively. Five genes were found consistently differentially expressed at all investigated concentrations, including SERP2, which plays a role in the protection of unfolded target proteins against degradation, the antiapoptotic protein GIMAP5, and MTMR14, which is involved in macroautophagy. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes reveals the disruption of several key biological processes, such as energy metabolism and Ca2+ homeostasis, cell signalling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Together, the results obtained suggest that the presence of glyphosate in the marine ecosystem should raise particular concern because of its significant effects even at the lowest concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Milan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - G Dalla Rovere
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - M Smits
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; Marine Environmental Science Laboratory (LEMAR), Université de Bretagne Occidentale -Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané - IUEM Technopole Brest-Iroise, France
| | - S Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - P Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M G Marin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Bogialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - T Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - L Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy; CONISMA - Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Roma, Italy
| | - V Matozzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Zebral YD, Lansini LR, Costa PG, Roza M, Bianchini A, Robaldo RB. A glyphosate-based herbicide reduces fertility, embryonic upper thermal tolerance and alters embryonic diapause of the threatened annual fish Austrolebias nigrofasciatus. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 196:260-269. [PMID: 29306198 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Roundup is the most popular glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) worldwide. These formulations kill a wide range of plants. Despite that, non-target species can be jeopardized by GBH, such as the annual fish Austrolebias nigrofasciatus. This species occurs in wetlands that dries annually. Key-adaptations permit them to live in such harsh habitats, e. i. Elevated fertility, drought-tolerant diapausing embryos and elevated thermal tolerance. We aimed to evaluate acute (96 h) effects of Roundup exposure (0.36 or 3.62 mg a. e./L) in reproduction, diapause pattern and embryonic upper thermal tolerance (EUTT) of A. nigrofasciatus. For such, we evaluated the number and diameter of embryos produced by exposed fish. Also, recently fertilized embryos were exposed and its diapause pattern was evaluated. Following 15 post exposure days (PED), we evaluated the number of somite pairs and following 30, 35 and 40 PED we evaluated the proportion of pigmented embryos (PPE). Finally, the critical thermal maximum (CTMax) of exposed embryos was assessed. Results demonstrated that couples exposed to 0.36 mg a. e./L Roundup produced less but larger embryos. Similarly, embryos exposed to 3.62 mg a. e./L Roundup had a reduced PPE following 30 PED. Finally, embryos exposed to 0.32 mg a. e./L Roundup had a CTMax reduction of 2.6 °C and were more sensitive to minor increases in heating rates. These results indicate that Roundup have negative outcomes in fish reproduction, embryonic development and EUTT. This information is of particular interest to the conservation of annual fish, considering that those are key-adaptations that permit these animals to survive the harsh impositions of ephemeral wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Dornelles Zebral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luize Real Lansini
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-970, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Roza
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-970, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Berteaux Robaldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-970, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
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50
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Matozzo V, Fabrello J, Masiero L, Ferraccioli F, Finos L, Pastore P, Di Gangi IM, Bogialli S. Ecotoxicological risk assessment for the herbicide glyphosate to non-target aquatic species: A case study with the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:623-632. [PMID: 29107902 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is one of the most used herbicide worldwide. Considering that information concerning the impact of GLY on bivalves is scarce, in this study we evaluated for the first time the effects of environmentally realistic concentrations of GLY (10, 100 and 1000 μg/L) to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were exposed for 7, 14 and 21 days and several biomarkers were measured in haemocytes/haemolymph (total haemocyte counts, haemocyte diameter and volume, haemolymph pH, haemolymph lactate dehydrogenase activity, haemocyte lysate lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities), as well as in gills and digestive gland (antioxidant enzyme and acetylcholinesterase activities). The concentrations of GLY and its main metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid in the experimental tanks were also measured. The MANOVA analysis demonstrated that the experimental variables considered (exposure concentration, exposure duration, and their interaction) affected significantly biomarker responses. In addition, the two-way ANOVA analysis indicated that GLY was able to affect most of the cellular parameters measured, whereas antioxidant enzyme activities resulted to be influenced moderately. Interestingly, exposure to GLY reduced significantly acetylcholinesterase activity in gills. Although preliminary, the results of this study demonstrated that GLY can affect both cellular and biochemical parameters in mussels, highlighting a potential risk for aquatic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Matozzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Fabrello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luciano Masiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Ferraccioli
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Cesare Battisti 241, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Finos
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Iole Maria Di Gangi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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