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Fekih-Romdhane F, Alhuwailah A, Shuwiekh HAM, Stambouli M, Hakiri A, Cheour M, Loch AA, Hallit S. Development and initial validation of the cannabis-related psychosis risk literacy scale (CPRL): a multinational psychometric study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:298. [PMID: 38641784 PMCID: PMC11027227 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public education efforts to address and reduce potential harms from cannabis use in Arab countries are either slow or inexistent, and do not follow the steadily increasing trends of cannabis use in Arab youth. Several decades of research on substance use, it can be suggested that being aware of, and knowing about, psychosis risk related to cannabis can at least limit the consumption of the substance. Motivated by a lack of measures specifically designed to measure literacy about cannabis-related psychosis risk in younger populations, and based on an extensive literature review, we aimed to create and validate a new self-report scale to assess the construct, the Cannabis-related Psychosis Risk Literacy Scale (CPRL), in the Arabic language. METHOD A cross-sectional study was carried-out during the period from September 2022 to June 2023, enrolling 1855 university students (mean age of 23.26 ± 4.96, 75.6% females) from three Arab countries (Egypt, Kuwait and Tunisia). RESULTS Starting from an initial pool of 20 items, both Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis suggested that the remaining 8 items loaded into a single factor. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency, with both McDonald omega and Cronbach's alpha values exceeding 0.7 (omega = 0.85 / alpha = 0.85). The CPRL showed measurement invariance across gender and country at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. Concurrent validity of the CPRL was established by correlations with less favourable attitudes towards cannabis (r = -.14; p <.001). In addition, higher literacy levels were found in students who never used cannabis compared to lifetime users (4.18 ± 1.55 vs. 3.44 ± 1.20, t(1853) = 8.152, p <.001). CONCLUSION The newly developed CPRL scale offers a valid and reliable instrument for assessing and better understanding literacy about cannabis-related psychosis risk among Arabic-speaking young adults. We believe that this new scale is suitable as a screening tool of literacy, as an instrument for measuring the effect of public education interventions aimed at promoting cannabis-related psychosis risk literacy among young people, and as a research tool to facilitate future studies on the topic with a wider application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis Al Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry Ibn Omrane, Razi Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | | | | | - Manel Stambouli
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis Al Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abir Hakiri
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis Al Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Majda Cheour
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis Al Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry Ibn Omrane, Razi Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alexandre Andrade Loch
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias (LIM 27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, 21478, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Souheil Hallit, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, P.O. Box 446, Lebanon.
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Chen X, Cook R, Filbey FM, Nguyen H, McColl R, Jeon-Slaughter H. Sex Difference in Cigarette-Smoking Status and Its Association with Brain Volumes Using Large-Scale Community-Representative Data. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1164. [PMID: 37626520 PMCID: PMC10452722 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is believed to accelerate age-related neurodegeneration. Despite significant sex differences in both smoking behaviors and brain structures, the active literature is equivocal in parsing out a sex difference in smoking-associated brain structural changes. OBJECTIVE The current study examined subcortical and lateral ventricle gray matter (GM) volume differences among smokers, active, past, and never-smokers, stratified by sex. METHODS The current study data included 1959 Dallas Heart Study (DHS) participants with valid brain imaging data. Stratified by gender, multiple-group comparisons of three cigarette-smoking groups were conducted to test whether there is any cigarette-smoking group differences in GM volumes of the selected regions of interest (ROIs). RESULTS The largest subcortical GM volumetric loss and enlargement of the lateral ventricle were observed among past smokers for both females and males. However, these observed group differences in GM volumetric changes were statistically significant only among males after adjusting for age and intracranial volumes. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest a sex difference in lifetime-smoking-associated GM volumetric changes, even after controlling for aging and intracranial volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA; (X.C.); (H.N.)
| | - Riley Cook
- VA North Texas Health Care Service, Dallas, TX 75216, USA;
| | - Francesca M. Filbey
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA;
| | - Hang Nguyen
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA; (X.C.); (H.N.)
| | - Roderick McColl
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Haekyung Jeon-Slaughter
- VA North Texas Health Care Service, Dallas, TX 75216, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Kourgiantakis T, Lee E, Kosar AKT, Tait C, Lau CKY, McNeil S, Craig S, Ashcroft R, Williams CC, Goldstein AL, Chandrasekera U, Sur D, Henderson JL. Youth cannabis use in Canada post-legalization: service providers' perceptions, practices, and recommendations. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2023; 18:36. [PMID: 37349741 PMCID: PMC10288694 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-023-00550-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2018, Canada legalized recreational cannabis use with the purpose of protecting youth and restricting access. However, concerns have been raised that this objective has not been met as rates of cannabis use among youth aged 16-24 have not declined. Youth cannabis use is associated with various adverse effects including psychosis, anxiety, depression, suicidality, respiratory distress, cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, and intoxications. Service providers play a crucial role in addressing youth cannabis use. This study aimed to understand Ontario service providers' perceptions, practices, and recommendations on youth cannabis use. METHODS This mixed method study included a survey and two focus groups. The survey was distributed to mental health service providers serving youth aged 16-24 across Ontario who were given the option to participate in a focus group. The survey included closed and open-ended questions regarding perceptions, practices, and recommendations, while the focus groups explored these categories in greater depth. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze close-ended questions and interpretative content analysis was applied for open-ended questions. Focus group data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The survey was completed by 160 service providers and 12 participated in two focus groups. Regarding perceptions, 60% of survey participants agreed with legalization, 26% had a strong understanding of medical versus recreational cannabis, 84% believed that cannabis has physical and mental health risks, and 49% perceived stigmatization. Less than half of the survey participants reported screening or assessing cannabis use, 16% stated they are highly familiar with treating cannabis use, and 67% reported that they rarely work with families. Subthemes identified in the focus groups under perceptions included normalization and stigmatization, harms for youth, and stigma, racism, and discrimination. Subthemes under practice included cannabis not being the primary focus, challenges with screening, assessment, and intervention, and referral to specialized services. Both the survey and focus group participants recommended increasing public education, enhancing service provider training, improving regulation and policies, reducing stigma and minimization, improving service access, and providing more culturally responsive services. CONCLUSION Youth cannabis use in Canada remains a significant public health concern, necessitating a more comprehensive plan to protect Ontario youth and reduce associated harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toula Kourgiantakis
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada.
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - A Kumsal Tekirdag Kosar
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Christine Tait
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Carrie K Y Lau
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Sandra McNeil
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Shelley Craig
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Rachelle Ashcroft
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Charmaine C Williams
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Abby L Goldstein
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Uppala Chandrasekera
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Deepy Sur
- Ontario Association of Social Workers (OASW), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J L Henderson
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Sheikhattari P, Apata J, Bleich L, Kamangar F, Assari S. Efficacy of a Smoking Cessation Program for Underserved Ethnic Minority Communities: Results of a Smoking Cessation Trial. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605739. [PMID: 37408795 PMCID: PMC10318133 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Using a participatory research approach, this study reports the efficacy of the Communities Engaged and Advocating for a Smoke-free Environment (CEASE)-4 intervention offered by the local peers. Methods: CEASE-4 is a theory-based tobacco-cessation intervention, tailored to the needs of underserved populations. 842 tobacco users self-selected into: a) self-help (n = 472), b) single-session class (n = 163), and c) four-session class (n = 207). While self-help group only received educational materials, curriculum for other arms was built on the social cognitive, motivational interviewing, and trans-theoretical- frameworks. Participants could also receive nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Outcome was self-reported smoking cessation measured 12 weeks after completion of the intervention, validated by exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) test. Results: Quit rate was statistically different across groups, with highest quit rate in four-session and lowest quit rate in self-help arm. Cessation rates at follow up (12 weeks after completion of the intervention) were 2.3% in the self-help arm, 6.1% in the single-session arm and 13.0% in the four-session arm. Conclusion: While theory-based smoking cessation services are effective for underserved populations, four-session curriculum might be superior to a single session program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Sheikhattari
- Department of Behavioral Health Science, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Prevention Sciences Research Center, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jummai Apata
- Prevention Sciences Research Center, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lisa Bleich
- Signal Fire Consulting, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Office of Research Administration, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Wellman RJ, Dugas EN, Sylvestre MP, O'Loughlin J. Identifying high school smokers likely to persist in smoking at age 31. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107720. [PMID: 37059001 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quitting smoking by the mid-30 s conveys important health benefits. Yet, although many smokers attempt to quit, few succeed. Identification of the characteristics of adolescent smokers most likely to continue smoking between ages 30 and 40 could help target early cessation efforts. Our objectives in this study were to (i) describe the course of smoking in a population-based sample of high school smokers into their 20 s and 30 s, and (ii) identify distal predictors of past-year cigarette smoking at age 31. METHODS Data at ages 17 (in 11th grade), 20, 24 and 31 were drawn from a 20-year longitudinal study of students ages 12-13 at inception, from 10 high schools in Montréal, Canada. Associations between 11 smoking-related characteristics measured in 11th grade and past-year smoking at age 31 were estimated in multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Among 244 11th grade smokers (67.4% female; 41% daily smokers), past-year smoking was reported by 71% at age 20, 68% at age 24, and 52% at age 31. Only 12% reported abstinence at ages 20, 24 and 31. Females were less likely than males to smoke at age 31. Parental smoking while the smoker was in 11th grade, use of other tobacco products, longer time since smoking onset, weekly or daily smoking, monthly cigarette consumption, and perceived nicotine addiction predicted past-year smoking at age 31. CONCLUSIONS In addition to preventive interventions, cessation programs targeting novice smokers in high school as soon as they begin smoking, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Wellman
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Preventive & Behavioral Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Erika N Dugas
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Jennifer O'Loughlin
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Karakaş N, Çitlik Saritaş S, Bentli R, Derya S, Kartal M. Nicotine addiction in pre-hospital emergency care workers in Turkey: a cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2023.2173098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Karakaş
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Public Health, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya, Turkey
| | | | - Recep Bentli
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Diseases, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Serdar Derya
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Malatya Provincial Health Directorate, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mert Kartal
- Faculty of Health Science, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya, Turkey
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Cerrai S, Benedetti E, Colasante E, Scalese M, Gorini G, Gallus S, Molinaro S. E-cigarette use and conventional cigarette smoking among European students: findings from the 2019 ESPAD survey. Addiction 2022; 117:2918-2932. [PMID: 35768962 DOI: 10.1111/add.15982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Representative data on e-cigarette use among European adolescents are scant. This study reports current vaping and tobacco smoking individual and country-specific correlates among European students. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey: 2019 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) collecting data on risk behaviours on a representative sample of 16-year-old students. SETTING A total of 35 European countries, 25-30 with Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) and TCS components PARTICIPANTS: A total of 99 648 students (49.1% males) turning 16 years in the survey year. MEASUREMENTS Data on current cigarette and e-cigarette use were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire which also collected socio-demographics and individual and family characteristics. ESPAD data were integrated with country-level data on TCS and selected TCS parameters to assess their association with the prevalence of current cigarette and e-cigarette use. FINDINGS Of the 99 648 participating students, 12.4% were current e-cigarette users, from 5.5% in Serbia to 41.4% in Monaco; 19.3% current smokers, from 5.1% in Iceland to 32.4% in Italy. Compared with non-users, current e-cigarette users less frequently came from an average well-off family [odds ratio (OR) = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.80-0.90] and lived in countries with higher cigarette prices (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.50-0.99), restrictive measures on tobacco advertising and promotion (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63-0.99) and intermediate implementation of tobacco control measures (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38-0.85). Current vapers were more frequently life ever smokers (OR = 7.31, 95% CI = 6.47-8.25), were early smokers (OR = 4.35, 95% CI = 3.66-5.17), males (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.55-1.67), from non-traditional families (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.34-1.53), with relatively low parental education (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.10-1.20). Compared with non-smokers, current smokers had similar family characteristics to vapers, and were less likely to live in countries with higher cigarette prices (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.49-0.99) and higher spending on public anti-tobacco media campaigns (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.10-0.50). CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette use among European adolescents is associated with weaker tobacco control measures, particularly on tobacco price, advertising and promotion. Besides preventing tobacco smoking, the adoption of governmental tobacco control policies in European countries also seems to contribute to the prevention of vaping among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cerrai
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Benedetti
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Colasante
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Scalese
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gorini
- Oncologic Network, Prevention and Research Institute (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Molinaro
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
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Liu H, Qi Q, Duan Y, Ma C, Zhou C. Sex and macroeconomic differences and trends in early attempts at cigarette smoking among adolescents: findings from 147 countries. BMC Med 2022; 20:311. [PMID: 36131270 PMCID: PMC9494856 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most tobacco users initiate smoking during adolescence. Little is known about the global prevalence and trends in early cigarette smoking among adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of early attempts at cigarette smoking and its change trends among young adolescents. METHODS We used data from the Global Youth Tobacco Surveys on adolescents aged 12-16 years, comprising 456,634 participants from 147 countries between 2006 and 2018, to estimate the prevalence of early attempts at cigarette smoking and age distribution at attempt by sex, country income, purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, and WHO region. We assessed the average annual rate of reduction (AARR) in the prevalence of attempts at cigarette smoking before 12 years of age in 70 countries that had data from three or more surveys completed between 1999 and 2018. RESULTS The average prevalence of early attempts at cigarette smoking was 12.2% (95% CI: 10.9-13.5) for boys and 6.7% (95% CI: 5.8-7.6) for girls, with the highest prevalence of 17.4% for boys and 10.7% for girls in the European region. Along with the growth of the national economy, the prevalence of early attempts at cigarette smoking gradually increased in both sexes. A total of 22.9% and 30% of countries had a negative change in AARR for boys and for girls, respectively. The countries with an upward prevalence were mainly located in the Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and African regions. The age distribution at first cigarette smoked did not differ substantially between sexes. Notably, the age at first cigarette smoked of 10.7 years for girls was significantly earlier than that of 11.8 years for boys in low-income countries. Among cigarette-smoking adolescents, the average percentage of girls reporting smoking their first cigarette at an age <12 years was 55.7% in Q1 for PPP quintiles, 46.5% in Q2, 40.3% in Q3, 38.4% in Q4, and 34.6% in Q5, and the corresponding prevalence for boys was 46.0% in Q1, 42.8% in Q2, 42.9% in Q3, 43.5% in Q4, and 41.1% in Q5. CONCLUSIONS The global prevalence of early attempts at cigarette smoking among adolescents was substantial, with differences by sex and macroeconomic situation, and our findings stress that interventions and policies targeting the first smoking experience are required to prevent the initiation of tobacco use among early adolescents, especially girls in low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Liu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ying Duan
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Chuanwei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, 44 Wen-hua-xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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McBrayer K, Ouyang F, Adams Z, Hulvershorn L, Aalsma MC. Rates of Tobacco Use Disorder, Pharmacologic Treatment, and Associated Mental Health Disorders in a Medicaid Claim Review Among Youth in Indiana, USA. Tob Use Insights 2022; 15:1179173X221119133. [PMID: 36052177 PMCID: PMC9424880 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x221119133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study delineates a number of Medicaid youth with tobacco use disorder (TUD), prescribing habits for treatment, and associated externalizing disorders. Methods Youth Medicaid claims from 2007-2017 processed in a large Midwestern city were analyzed for a diagnosis of TUD, related pharmacotherapy, and externalizing mental health and substance use disorders. Results Claims connected 6541 patients with 42 890 visits. Mean age was 16.4 with 40% female. 1232 of the 6541 charts contained a TUD diagnosis equating to 1848 visits. A comorbid diagnosis of ADHD, cannabis use, and conduct disorder were more common in males (3.9% vs 1.3% in females; 3.4% vs .8%; and 2.8% vs .8%; P < .05). 808 scripts were provided to 152 of the 1232 youths, with 4.7% of those scripts a nicotine replacement product. Conclusions Pharmacotherapy is underutilized in this Medicaid claims data set. Certain externalizing factors were associated with males with TUD more than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly McBrayer
- Section of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fangqian Ouyang
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zachary Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leslie Hulvershorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew C Aalsma
- Section of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Tinn CS, Kim B, Thepthien BO. Changing pattern of smoking in relation to adverse childhood experiences among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Bangkok, Thailand. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1953164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chit Su Tinn
- Department of Public Health, University of Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Bee Kim
- Addiction Science Department, SahmYook University, Kyunggi Do, South Korea
| | - Bang-on Thepthien
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Boccio CM, Meldrum RC, Jackson DB. Adverse childhood experiences and adolescent nicotine and marijuana vaping: Findings from a statewide sample of Florida youth. Prev Med 2022; 154:106866. [PMID: 34740675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of research links exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with negative outcomes including nicotine and marijuana use. In addition, an emerging line of research has documented associations between exposure to ACEs and vaping activity in American adults and international samples of adolescents. Very limited research, however, has explored whether a history of ACEs is linked with adolescent nicotine and marijuana vaping activity in an American sample. This study addresses this gap in the literature by employing multinomial logistic regression to examine whether cumulative exposure to ACEs is associated with adolescent nicotine vaping, dual mode use of nicotine, marijuana vaping, and dual mode use of marijuana in a sample of Florida high school students. Our findings reveal that greater cumulative exposure to ACEs (up to 5 ACEs) in adolescents leads to an increase in the likelihood of vaping nicotine and marijuana. In addition, greater cumulative exposure to ACEs (up to 6 ACEs) leads to an increase in the likelihood of using nicotine and marijuana through multiple delivery modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cashen M Boccio
- Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, The University of Texas, San Antonio, USA.
| | - Ryan C Meldrum
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida International University, USA.
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.
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Patterson JG, Glasser AM, Macisco JM, Hinton A, Wermert A, Nemeth JM. "I smoked that cigarette, and it calmed me down": A qualitative analysis of intrapersonal, social, and environmental factors influencing decisions to smoke among youth experiencing homelessness. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 24:250-256. [PMID: 34605550 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 70% of youth experiencing homelessness smoke cigarettes; many try to quit and are interested in formal smoking cessation programs. The purpose of this study was to describe the intrapersonal, social, and environmental contexts associated with the most recent smoking experience among youth experiencing homelessness and (2) identify differences in contextual factors by age and willingness to quit. METHODS Thirty-six youth experiencing homelessness aged 14-24 years and who reported current smoking were recruited from a drop-in center in a Midwestern city. Semi-structured in-person interviews were analyzed to understand smoking behaviors. RESULTS Two-thirds of participants reported stress and nicotine dependence as primary reasons for smoking, and older youth (aged 18-24 years) reported smoking to de-escalate negative emotions associated with stressful events. For 25% of participants, and especially older youth, smoking was described as part of a routine. Over 80% of participants smoked outside at the homeless drop-in center or the places they lived. Social prompts from drop-in center peers regularly preempted smoking. Younger youth (aged 14-17 years) reported smoking socially while older youth were more likely to smoke alone. CONCLUSIONS For youth experiencing homelessness, smoking is integrated into daily life and is often used to manage stress associated with homelessness and engage socially with homeless peers. Multicomponent interventions to reduce structural stressors specific to homelessness, change social smoking norms (environmental and social context), and address stress management and nicotine dependence (intrapersonal context) are needed to support smoking cessation among youth experiencing homelessness. IMPLICATIONS Youth experiencing homelessness overwhelmingly described how daily stressors associated with homelessness and nicotine dependence preceded recent smoking. Older youth (aged 18-24 years) also reported smoking as "routine", which likely underscores nicotine dependence in this group. Younger youth (aged 14-17 years) described social smoking. Researchers must develop optimized multilevel interventions to support youth experiencing homelessness who want to quit smoking. Interventions directly targeting social determinants of stress (e.g., poverty, housing instability, food insecurity) and linkages to supportive services are needed. Complementary strategies to address stress coping and nicotine dependence (intrapersonal context) and social smoking norms (social and environmental context) are also necessitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne G Patterson
- Division of Epidemiology, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Allison M Glasser
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Macisco
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alice Hinton
- Division of Biostatistics, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy Wermert
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Julianna M Nemeth
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
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Patten T, Dreier A, Herman RJ, Kimball BA, De Biasi M. Exposure to fruit-flavoring during adolescence increases nicotine consumption and promotes dose escalation. Neuropharmacology 2021; 195:108672. [PMID: 34153314 PMCID: PMC8572580 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The rise of e-cigarette popularity has sparked interest in the role of palatable flavors on nicotine use. Despite growing evidence that sweet flavorants enhance nicotine reward, their influence on nicotine consumption has not been studied extensively. In addition, the impact that flavored nicotine use in adolescence could have on nicotine reward and dependence in adulthood remains unclear. This study examined the role of flavored nicotine access on nicotine preference and consumption longitudinally, from adolescence to adulthood. Male and female adolescent mice preferred a fruit-flavored nicotine solution over an unflavored nicotine solution. However, only adolescent female mice with access to flavored nicotine consumed higher doses. Furthermore, while adolescent male mice escalated consumption of both flavored and unflavored nicotine, female mice only escalated nicotine consumption when given access to flavored nicotine. As mice matured into adulthood, there was no evidence that a history of flavored-nicotine access altered preference for unflavored nicotine compared to a nicotine-free control in a classic two-bottle choice design. However, when the nicotine concentration was progressively reduced, mice that had consumed strawberry-flavored nicotine in adolescence maintained baseline nicotine consumption levels longer than mice that initiated nicotine use without flavor in adolescence. Finally, addition of fruit-flavorants into the nicotine solution during adulthood led to nicotine preference and increased levels of nicotine consumption, regardless of previous flavored-nicotine access or of familiarity with the selected flavorant. These results indicate that flavorants increase nicotine consumption independent of life stage, possibly posing a disproportionate risk to adolescent females. Our results also point to an effect of adolescent flavored-nicotine use on nicotine dose maintenance in adulthood, which could have implications for the success of future quit attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Patten
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Allison Dreier
- School of Arts and Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rae J Herman
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104, USA
| | | | - Mariella De Biasi
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104, USA; School of Arts and Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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14
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Examining potential risk factors for early age of nicotine vaping initiation in a sample of Florida youth. Addict Behav 2021; 120:106962. [PMID: 33964584 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has examined risk factors for nicotine vaping in young adults and older adolescents. Even so, significantly less research has examined risk factors for initiating nicotine vaping in early adolescence. This paper addresses this gap in the literature by examining risk factors for initiating nicotine vaping in a sample of middle- and high-school students. In order to do so, we analyze data from the 2019 cohort of the Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (FYSAS). We employ multinomial logistic regression and logistic regression to examine potential risk factors for early age of nicotine vaping initiation. Our findings reveal that early age of nicotine vaping initiation is associated with cigarette use, alcohol use, having substance using peers, lifetime incidence of arrest, and lifetime incidence of school suspension. In conclusion, our findings reveal that early age of nicotine vaping initiation is associated with other forms of risky behavior in adolescence (i.e., substance use, misbehavior leading to arrest and/or school suspension). We discuss the implications of these findings for future research.
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15
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Agustina R, Meilianawati, Fenny, Atmarita, Suparmi, Susiloretni KA, Lestari W, Pritasari K, Shankar AH. Psychosocial, Eating Behavior, and Lifestyle Factors Influencing Overweight and Obesity in Adolescents. Food Nutr Bull 2021; 42:S72-S91. [PMID: 34282658 DOI: 10.1177/0379572121992750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent overweight and obesity (AOO) is a global public health problem and risk for noncommunicable diseases. Understanding context-specific risks is crucial for interventions. OBJECTIVE Determine the prevalence of AOO in the Indonesian National Health Survey (INHS) 2013, assess the 5-year trend from 2013 to 2018, and identify risks. METHODS We selected adolescents aged 10 to 19 years (n = 174 290) from the INHS 2013 and used hierarchical logistic regression to identify gender-specific risks for those aged 15 to 19 years (n = 77 534). Change in AOO was assessed by comparison to INHS 2018 reports. RESULTS The national AOO prevalence increased over 5 years by 48% in young adolescents (13-15 years) and 85% in older ones (16-18 years). High prevalence areas included the urban location of Jakarta (20.9%) and the remote rural region of Papua (19.4%). Overall, AOO risks were being sedentary, male, lower education, married, younger adolescent, and school enrollment, with urban residence and higher wealth being persistent risks for all analyses. Data for depressive symptoms were available for older adolescents whose additional risks were being sedentary, depressive symptoms, and high-fat diet. Male risks were being sedentary and lower education, and female risks were being married, depressive symptoms, high-fat intake, and lower education. Higher intake of fruits and vegetables and fewer sweets did not protect against AOO if a high-fat diet was consumed. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent overweight and obesity in Indonesia is rapidly increasing, especially in older adolescents and males, and with gender-specific risks. Customized multisectoral interventions to identify strategies for lifestyle change are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Agustina
- Department of Nutrition, 95338Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto, Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Human Nutrition Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (HNRC-IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Meilianawati
- Department of Nutrition, 95338Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto, Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fenny
- Department of Nutrition, 95338Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto, Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Atmarita
- National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Suparmi
- National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kun A Susiloretni
- Semarang Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health-Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Wiji Lestari
- Department of Nutrition, 95338Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto, Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kirana Pritasari
- Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anuraj H Shankar
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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16
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Vallata A, O'Loughlin J, Cengelli S, Alla F. Predictors of Cigarette Smoking Cessation in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:649-657. [PMID: 33191057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To update a systematic review published in 2012 that identified predictors of cigarette smoking cessation among adolescents. METHODS The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles published between September 2010 and January 2018, using the following keywords: smoking OR tobacco OR cessation; quit OR stop; longitudinal OR prospective OR cohort. Our search identified 3,399 articles. Inclusion criteria included longitudinal studies (intervention and cohort studies) evaluating cigarette smoking cessation in young people (aged 10-24 years). After screening, in total, 34 articles were included in the review. RESULTS In total, 63 predictors of smoking cessation among adolescents were identified, with 36 new predictors that were not identified in the previous review: nine sociodemographic factors, 13 psychosocial factors, five behavioral factors, 19 social influences factors, eight smoking related variables, six environmental factors, 2 health related variables, and one genetic factor. CONCLUSIONS To increase the probability of successful smoking cessation, strategies targeting young smokers should consider both individual and environmental predictors of cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Vallata
- Bordeaux Research Center for Population Health - BPH, U1219 Inserm, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | | | | | - François Alla
- Bordeaux Research Center for Population Health - BPH, U1219 Inserm, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Cameron JL, Brasch K, Strong D, Paul B, Cavanaugh E, Thakur S, Watson MN, Jennings T, Nayak SU, Rawls SM. Evaluating a school-based science program that teaches the physiological effects of nicotine. Addict Behav 2021; 114:106744. [PMID: 33291057 PMCID: PMC7785664 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
School-based drug prevention programs represent a widely endorsed public health goal, with an important aspect of knowledge-based curricula being education about the physiological effects of drugs. Nicotine is one of the world's most addictive substances and in this program we have used nicotine-induced mammalian-like behaviors in flatworms called planarians to successfully teach students (4th-12th grade; n = 1,616 students) about the physiological and addictive effects of nicotine. An initial study tested the change in knowledge about addictive substances in 6th-12th grade students after they completed a lab examining the effects of two concentrations of nicotine on the number of stereotypies (C-shaped spasms) planarians demonstrate in a 5-minute period of time. Lab discussion focused on developing and testing hypotheses, measurement reliability, and mechanisms of nicotine action. Surveys given pre- and post-lab experience showed that 6th grade students have significantly lower knowledge about nicotine than 7th-12th grade students (6th grade: 40.65 ± 0.78% correct, 7th-12th grade: 59.29 ± 1.71%, p < 0.001) pre-lab, but that students in all grades showed a significant increase in knowledge post-lab (p < 0.001). In 6th grade the lab was effective in improving knowledge about nicotine in urban, suburban and rural schools, p < 0.001, with students in suburban schools showing significantly greater knowledge both pre-test (urban: 37.62 ± 1.45%; suburban: 48.78 ± 1.62%; rural: 37.33 ± 0.99%; p < 0.001) and post-test (urban:60.60 ± 1.85%; suburban: 67.54 ± 1.82%; urban: 61.66 ± 1.18%; p < 0.001). A second study, modifying the lab so that the time spent observing the planarians is reduced to a 1-minute period, showed that students in both 4th and 5th grades had a significant increase in knowledge about the physiological and addictive effects of nicotine post-lab (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy L Cameron
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; The Pitt Science Outreach Program of the Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Karlie Brasch
- The College of General Studies, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Damara Strong
- The Pitt Science Outreach Program of the Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Barbara Paul
- The Pitt Science Outreach Program of the Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Erin Cavanaugh
- Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Shreya Thakur
- Departments of Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Mia N Watson
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Tyra Jennings
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Sunil U Nayak
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Scott M Rawls
- Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States; Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
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18
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Kim Y, Lee JS, Cho WK. Factors Associated with Successful Smoking Cessation According to Age Group: Findings of an 11-Year Korea National Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041576. [PMID: 33562345 PMCID: PMC7915736 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that factors related to smoking cessation may vary with age. This study examined the factors affecting smoking cessation by age among Korean adult male smokers using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2018 (excluding 2013). Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate various factors associated with smoking cessation in three different age groups. Out of a total of 15,492 individuals, 31.5% of the 3523 individuals aged 19–39 years (young adult), 54.7% of the 7390 individuals aged 40–64 years (middle-aged), and 78.6% of the 4589 individuals aged ≥65 years (older adults) succeeded in quitting. In the young adult and middle-aged groups, being married was associated with successful quitting, and lifetime smoking was associated with unsuccessful quitting. Willpower and several comorbidities were related to successful cessation in the middle-aged and older adult groups. Skipping any meal, which suggests unhealthy behavior, was negatively related to quitting in the young adult group. We observed that factors associated with smoking cessation success or failure differed by age, which should be considered when developing smoking cessation policies and programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmee Kim
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; or
| | - Ji Sung Lee
- College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea;
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea;
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, International Healthcare Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-2-3010-5001
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Boccio CM, Jackson DB. Adolescent nicotine and marijuana vaping activity and the use of other illicit substances. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 219:108469. [PMID: 33360850 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research links cigarette use and marijuana use in adolescence with the use of other illicit substances. Limited research, however, has explored whether vaping nicotine and marijuana, along with using these substances through multiple modes of delivery (traditional cigarette/marijuana use and vaping) is associated with the use of other illicit substances in adolescence. PROCEDURES This study addresses this gap in the literature by employing negative binomial regression to examine the relationships between three categories of nicotine users (traditional cigarettes only, nicotine vaping only, and dual mode nicotine use), three categories of marijuana users (traditional marijuana use only, marijuana vaping only, and dual mode marijuana use), and the use of other illicit substances in a sample of Florida middle school and high school students. FINDINGS Our findings reveal that nicotine vaping and dual mode use of both nicotine and marijuana are associated with the use of a greater variety of illicit substances compared to non-users. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings suggest that dual mode use of nicotine and marijuana are associated with greater likelihood of using other illicit substances. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cashen M Boccio
- Department of Criminology & Criminal Justice, The University of Texas at San Antonio, United States.
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, United States
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20
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Tran TPT, Park J, Park E, Shin SH, Paek YJ, Kim YH, Lim MK. Effect of Additional Motivational Interviewing on Smoking Abstinence for 1-Year among Korean Adolescents: Results from A Comparative Retrospective Study in Quitline. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218025. [PMID: 33142682 PMCID: PMC7662252 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of additional motivational enhancement through telephone-based counseling on short- and long-term smoking abstinence among Korean adolescents. METHODS A comparative retrospective study was conducted based on the longitudinal follow up in Quitline from 2010 to 2017. A total of 533 and 178 adolescent smokers voluntarily participated in the 1-year quitting counseling only (group A, who were ready to quit) and the additional 4-week motivational interviewing before 1-year quitting counseling (group B, who were ambivalent about quitting), respectively. The outcomes were self-reported continuous abstinence at 30-day, 6-month, and 1-year follow up. Logistic regression was applied to estimate the effect of potential factors, including motivational enhancement, on cessation outcome. RESULTS At baseline, adolescents in group B had a lower motivation to quit than those in group A (p < 0.001). The successful quit rates at 30-day, 6-month, and 1-year follow up were 37.2%, 12.8%, and 11.4% in group A and 33.7%, 15.2%, and 11.2% in group B, respectively. After adjusting factors as appropriate, successful quit rates in group B were not significantly different from the rates in group A. Higher self-efficacy increased the successful quit rate at 30-day, 6-month, and 1-year follow up, similar in subgroup analysis by gender. Never-drinking showed significant association with 30-day successful quit in the whole population and among boys. The lower number of smoking triggers was associated with an increased 30-day successful quit rate among boys only. CONCLUSIONS Counseling for motivational enhancement could be a promising approach for better quitting outcomes. Improving self-efficacy and eliminating smoking triggers should be continuously strengthened during the quitting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Phuong Thao Tran
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (T.P.T.T.); (J.P.)
| | - Jinju Park
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (T.P.T.T.); (J.P.)
| | - Eunjung Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (E.P.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Sang Hwa Shin
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (E.P.); (S.H.S.)
| | - Yu-Jin Paek
- Department of Family Medicine, Health Promotion Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Min Kyung Lim
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (T.P.T.T.); (J.P.)
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (E.P.); (S.H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-920-2016; Fax: +82-31-920-2929
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21
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Conroy HE, Jacquart J, Baird SO, Rosenfield D, Davis ML, Powers MB, Frierson GM, Marcus BH, Otto MW, Zvolensky MJ, Smits JAJ. Age and pre quit-day attrition during smoking cessation treatment. Cogn Behav Ther 2020; 49:361-373. [PMID: 32343190 PMCID: PMC10823766 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2020.1751262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to replicate the finding that younger age predicts higher pre quit-day attrition. Our second aim was to explain this relation by examining empirically and theoretically informed age-related risk factors for low smoking cessation treatment engagement. 136 participants (Mage = 44.2 years, SD = 11.3 years; age = 22-64 years) were randomized to 15-weeks of either 1) an exercise intervention (n = 72) or 2) a wellness education control condition (n = 64). First, a logistic regression analysis was employed to test whether younger adults were more likely than older adults to drop prior to quit date. Next, we assessed whether smoking related health concerns, social expectancies, and/or perceived severity of craving affected the strength of the relation between age and attrition, by adding these three variables to the logistic regression along with age. The logistic regression model indicated that younger age and treatment condition were significantly related to the odds of dropping from treatment prior to the scheduled quit date. Further, health concerns, social expectancies, and/or perceived severity of cravings did not account for the effect of age on pre quit-day attrition. These findings highlight the importance of identifying empirically and theoretically informed variables associated with the pre quit-day attrition problem of young smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E. Conroy
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jolene Jacquart
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - David Rosenfield
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Mark B. Powers
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Georita M. Frierson
- School of Arts, Sciences, and Education, D’Youville College, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Bess H. Marcus
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael W. Otto
- Department of Psychology and Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jasper A. J. Smits
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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22
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Leos-Toro C, Fong GT, Meyer SB, Hammond D. Cannabis health knowledge and risk perceptions among Canadian youth and young adults. Harm Reduct J 2020; 17:54. [PMID: 32746859 PMCID: PMC7398180 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-020-00397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background Although recreational cannabis is now legal in Canada, little empirical evidence exists regarding young Canadians’ cannabis literacy, cannabis-related risk perceptions, and risk of different forms of cannabis or the effect that public health education may have on these perceptions. The present study sought to address these knowledge gaps to examine health knowledge and risk perceptions associated with cannabis use. Methods An online survey was conducted with a national sample (N = 870) of Canadians aged 16 to 30 years in October 2017 using a commercial panel. The study examined young Canadians’ awareness of negative health effects related to cannabis, evaluation of known risks, and risk perceptions of different forms of administration. Results Most respondents were aware of a cannabis-related physical health effect (78.0%). Approximately one-third reported having been exposed to public health messaging about cannabis; digital media was reported most frequently. Compared to never users, ever users were less likely to report general likelihood of addiction (p < 0.001) and harm to mental health (p < 0.001). Approximately one-quarter of past 3-month cannabis users reported they were at least “a little” addicted. Respondents who reported using a particular form of cannabis self-administration (e.g., edibles, smokables) were less likely to perceive harm than those who did not use each form (p < 0.001). Conclusions The current study is among the first to measure the knowledge and perceptions of risks of Canadian youth about cannabis. The study, conducted in the time immediately preceding legalization, may serve as a reference point for future studies examining changes in cannabis knowledge and risk perceptions. This will be important in addressing the need for monitoring and enhancing public awareness of the impact and potential harms of this newly legalized substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Leos-Toro
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Geoffrey T Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, MaRS Centre, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Samantha B Meyer
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Effects of lifestyle on physical health in Slovak university students. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/anre-2020-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in childhood and young people represent a large global health problem. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity by body mass index (BMI) and its associated lifestyle factors among university students in Slovakia. The BMI index was examined in relation to nine life factors for both sexes, respectively, in a sample of 200 (108 men and 92 women) young university students from Slovakia. The data were obtained using anthropometric measurements and by means of a questionnaire. The results for BMI values confirmed that both sexes were classified into the “about right” weight category. Analysis of the BMI values and questionnaire data showed different results for both sexes. While the type of daily activity and type of physical activity were associated with greater obesity for men, in women, tobacco intake was an important.
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Patten T, De Biasi M. History repeats itself: Role of characterizing flavors on nicotine use and abuse. Neuropharmacology 2020; 177:108162. [PMID: 32497589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The popularity of e-cigarettes has skyrocketed in recent years, and most vapers use flavored e-cigarette products. Consumption of flavored e-cigarettes exceeds that of combustible cigarettes and other tobacco products among adolescents, who are particularly vulnerable to becoming nicotine dependent. Flavorings have been used by the tobacco industry since the 17th century, but the use of flavors by the e-cigarette industry to create products with "characterizing" flavors (i.e. flavors other than tobacco or menthol) has sparked a public health debate. This review addresses the possibility that characterizing flavors make nicotine more appealing, rewarding and addictive. It also discusses ways in which preclinical and clinical studies could improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which flavors may alter nicotine reward and reinforcement. This article is part of the special issue on 'Contemporary Advances in Nicotine Neuropharmacology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Patten
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mariella De Biasi
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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Chyderiotis S, Benmarhnia T, Beck F, Spilka S, Legleye S. Does e-cigarette experimentation increase the transition to daily smoking among young ever-smokers in France? Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 208:107853. [PMID: 31958678 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to multiple studies, e-cigarette use among adolescents is associated with subsequent smoking initiation. However, little is known about its effect on the transition from smoking initiation to daily smoking. METHODS Using retrospective data from a French national representative survey collected in 2017 (n = 39,115), we analyzed the role of ever using e-cigarettes on daily cigarette smoking status at 17 among ever smokers (n = 21,401). Risk-ratios (RR) were computed through modified Poisson regressions with an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) approach. RESULTS Among French adolescents aged 17, 16.8 % declared current e-cigarette use (1.9 % reported daily use) and 34.1 % cigarette smoking (25.1 % reported daily smoking). Among ever-smokers, adolescents who declared having ever used e-cigarettes were less likely than those who did not to transition to daily smoking at 17: RR = 0.62 95 %CI [0.60 - 0.64]. We found similar results for those who experimented with e-cigarettes before initiating smoking, RR = 0.76 95 %CI [0.66 - 0.89]. CONCLUSIONS Our results found no evidence of an increased risk of transitioning to daily smoking at 17 among ever-smokers who also experimented with e-cigarettes. Further studies should investigate the longer-term role of vaping on future smoking habits with the use of causal inference methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Chyderiotis
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, faculté de médecine, faculté de médecine UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, 92541, Villejuif, France; Observatoire français des drogues et des toxicomanies (OFDT), 69, rue de Varenne, 75007, Paris, France.
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - François Beck
- Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, 88, avenue Verdier, CS, 70058, 92541, Montrouge cedex, France
| | - Stanislas Spilka
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, faculté de médecine, faculté de médecine UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, 92541, Villejuif, France; Observatoire français des drogues et des toxicomanies (OFDT), 69, rue de Varenne, 75007, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Legleye
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, faculté de médecine, faculté de médecine UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, 92541, Villejuif, France; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Yoon S, Dillard R, Kobulsky J, Nemeth J, Shi Y, Schoppe-Sullivan S. The Type and Timing of Child Maltreatment as Predictors of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking Trajectories. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:937-946. [PMID: 31996065 PMCID: PMC7374497 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1713819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: There is limited research examining the association between child maltreatment and cigarette smoking as a specific type of adolescent substance use, and research examining high-risk samples and variations based on maltreatment type and timing remain sparse. Objectives: The primary aim of the study was to examine the relationship between child maltreatment and cigarette smoking trajectories. Methods: Latent class growth analysis and multinomial logistic regression were performed on 903 youth drawn from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). Results: Three distinct classes of cigarette smoking trajectories were identified: (1) Stable no/low cigarette use (61%); (2) Gradually increasing cigarette use (30%); and (3) Sharply increasing cigarette use (9%). Physical abuse during early childhood and adolescence predicted membership in the sharply increasing cigarette use class. Neglect during early childhood predicted membership in the gradually increasing cigarette use class. Conclusions: Findings suggest that interventions for adolescent cigarette smoking should integrate trauma-informed approaches. Further, the results highlight early childhood and adolescence as particularly vulnerable periods with respect to the influence of physical abuse and neglect on cigarette smoking, pointing to the need for additional maltreatment prevention efforts during these developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebecca Dillard
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Julia Kobulsky
- School of Social Work, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julianna Nemeth
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Apata J, Sheikhattari P, Bleich L, Kamangar F, O'Keefe AM, Wagner FA. Addressing Tobacco Use in Underserved Communities Through a Peer-Facilitated Smoking Cessation Program. J Community Health 2019; 44:921-931. [PMID: 30843139 PMCID: PMC6708456 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-019-00635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Communities Engaged and Advocating for a Smoke-Free Environment (CEASE) is a long-standing research partnership between a university and the neighboring community that was established to reduce tobacco use among poor and underserved residents. The CEASE tobacco cessation program was implemented in four phases, with each new phase applying lessons learned from the previous phases to improve outcomes. This study describes CEASE's community-based approach and reports results from implementing the second phase of the intervention which, among other things, varied in the type of incentives, setting, and providers used. CEASE implemented a mixed-methods study following the Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) approach. During Phase II, a total of 398 smokers were recruited into two 12-session group counseling interventions facilitated by trained peers in community venues, which differed in the type of incentives used to increase participation and reward the achievement of milestones. At 12-week follow-up, 21% of all participants reported not smoking, with a retention rate (i.e., attendance at six or more of the 12 cessation classes offered) of 51.9%. No significant differences in cessation outcomes were found between the two study arms. Using a CBPR approach resulted in a peer-led model of care with improved outcomes compared to Phase I, which was provided by clinicians. The combined use of monetary and non-monetary incentives was helpful in increasing participation in the program but did not significantly impact smoking cessation. A CBPR approach can increase the acceptability and effectiveness of cessation services for underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jummai Apata
- ASCEND Center for Biomedical Research, Morgan State University, 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
| | - Payam Sheikhattari
- ASCEND Center for Biomedical Research, Morgan State University, 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA.
- School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA.
| | - Lisa Bleich
- Alliance of Community Teachers and Schools (ACTS), 4701 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Farin Kamangar
- ASCEND Center for Biomedical Research, Morgan State University, 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
- School of Computer Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
| | - Anne Marie O'Keefe
- School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
| | - Fernando A Wagner
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, 525 West Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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When Should We Measure Self-Efficacy as an Aid to Smoking Cessation? Arch Bronconeumol 2019; 55:654-656. [PMID: 31171413 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rainer MA, Xie B, Sabado-Liwag M, Kwan PP, Pike JR, Tan NS, Vaivao DES, Tui'one May V, Ka'ala Pang J, Pang VK, Toilolo TB, Tanjasiri SP, Palmer PH. Psychosocial characteristics of smoking patterns among young adult Samoans and Tongans in California. Addict Behav Rep 2019; 9:100177. [PMID: 31193768 PMCID: PMC6542745 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the high burden of tobacco-related diseases experienced by Samoans and Tongans, there is relatively little understanding of the factors that influence their smoking behaviors which could inform effective smoking cessation strategies. This study examined several psychosocial characteristics that intertwine to predict smoking patterns in these Pacific Islander subgroups. METHODS Samoans and Tongans between the ages of 18 and 33, who consumed at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and were current smokers, were categorized as light, moderate, or heavy smokers. Baseline data from a randomized controlled smoking cessation trial were analyzed. Participants (n = 278) were measured on self-efficacy, perceived stress, sensation seeking, hostility, depression, and impulsivity. Least square means estimated from General Linear Models were used to compare psychosocial characteristics across smoking groups, as well as by gender and ethnicity. RESULTS Samoan male heavy smokers reported higher levels of self-efficacy compared to light smokers, and greater stress, hostility, depression, and urgency over moderate smokers. Samoan female heavy smokers demonstrated greater stress and hostility than moderate and light smokers. Tongan female heavy and light smokers had significantly elevated levels of sensation seeking compared to moderate smokers. Tongan male smokers did not display any meaningful associations with these psychosocial constructs. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the important distinctions between smoking patterns, gender, and ethnic subgroups. Interventions that rely on aggregated smoking profiles or general Pacific Islander data may not adequately address the complex array of mental health factors that contribute to tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Rainer
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 150 E 10th St, Claremont, CA 91711, United States of America
| | - Bin Xie
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 150 E 10th St, Claremont, CA 91711, United States of America
| | - Melanie Sabado-Liwag
- California State University, Los Angeles, Department of Public Health, 5151 State University Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States of America
| | - Patchareeya P. Kwan
- California State University, Northridge, Department of Health Sciences, Jacaranda Hall 2500, 18111 Nordhoff St, Northridge, CA 91330, United States of America
| | - James Russell Pike
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 150 E 10th St, Claremont, CA 91711, United States of America
| | - Nasya S. Tan
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 150 E 10th St, Claremont, CA 91711, United States of America
| | - Dorothy Etimani S. Vaivao
- Samoan National Nurses Association, 14112 S Kingsley Dr, Gardena, CA 90249, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Tui'one May
- Tongan Community Service Center, 13030 S Inglewood Ave #104, Hawthorne, CA 90250, United States of America
| | - Jane Ka'ala Pang
- Pacific Islander Health Partnership, 12912 Brookhurst St, Suite 410, Garden Grove, CA 92840, United States of America
| | - Victor Kaiwi Pang
- Pacific Islander Health Partnership, 12912 Brookhurst St, Suite 410, Garden Grove, CA 92840, United States of America
| | - Tupou Bo Toilolo
- Union of Pan Asian Communities, 1031 25th St, San Diego, CA 92102, United States of America
| | - Sora Park Tanjasiri
- California State University, Fullerton, Department of Public Health, 800 North State College, Room KHS-121, Fullerton, CA 92834, United States of America
| | - Paula Healani Palmer
- Claremont Graduate University, School of Community and Global Health, 150 E 10th St, Claremont, CA 91711, United States of America
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Salin K, Kankaanpää A, Hirvensalo M, Lounassalo I, Yang X, Magnussen CG, Hutri-Kähönen N, Rovio S, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Tammelin TH. Smoking and Physical Activity Trajectories from Childhood to Midlife. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E974. [PMID: 30889897 PMCID: PMC6466084 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16060974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite substantial interest in the development of health behaviors, there is limited research that has examined the longitudinal relationship between physical activity (PA) and smoking trajectories from youth to adulthood in a Finnish population. This study aimed to identify trajectories of smoking and PA for males and females, and study the relationship between these trajectories from youth to adulthood. Methods: Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify trajectories of smoking and PA separately for males and females among 3355 Finnish adults (52.1% females). Participants' smoking and PA were assessed five to eight times over a 31-year period (3⁻18 years old at the baseline, 34⁻49 years at last follow-up). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationship between the trajectories of smoking and PA. Results: Five smoking trajectories and four to five PA trajectories were identified for males and females. Of the PA trajectory groups, the persistently active group were least likely to follow the trajectories of regular smoking and the inactive and low active groups were least likely to follow non-smoking trajectory group. Likewise, inactive (women only) and low active groups were less likely to belong to the non-smokers group. Conclusions: The study suggests that those who are persistently active or increasingly active have substantially reduced probabilities of being in the highest-risk smoking categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Salin
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Anna Kankaanpää
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Mirja Hirvensalo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Irinja Lounassalo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Department of Medicine and Division of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20500 Turku, Finland.
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 7005 Hobart, Australia.
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, 33100 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Department of Medicine and Division of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine and Division of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Medicine and Division of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Predictors of Smoking Cessation Among College Students in a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 20:765-775. [PMID: 30864054 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-01004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An effective strategy to quit smoking should consider demographic aspects, smoking-related characteristics and psychological factors. This study examined potential predictors of smoking cessation in Spanish college students. A total of 255 college student smokers (18-24 years old), recruited to a cessation trial (Spain, 2013-2014), comprised an observational cohort. The main outcome was biochemically verified (urine cotinine) abstinence at the 6-month follow-up. Baseline potential predictors included socio-demographic, smoking-related and psychological variables (Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), expired monoxide level (CO), intention to quit, previous quit attempts, participation in previous multicomponent programmes and confidence in quitting). Logistic regression models were used to identify potential predictors, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to discriminate the capacity of the predictors and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was used to assess model calibration. After 6 months of follow-up, variables related to high nicotine dependence, FTND and expired CO levels were associated with lower odds of quitting smoking (OR = 0.69 [95% CI 0.54-0.89] and 0.84 [0.77-0.92], respectively). Furthermore, being prepared to change (OR = 3.98 [1.49-10.64], p = 0.006) and being confident to quit (OR = 4.73 [2.12-10.55], p < 0.001) were also potential predictors of smoking cessation. The model that combined all these variables had the best predictive validity (AUC = 0.84 [0.78-0.91], p = 0.693) and showed good predictive capacity (χ2 = 10.36, p = 0.241). Findings highlight that, in this population of college student smokers, having a lower level of nicotine dependence, being prepared to quit and having the confidence in the ability to quit were associated with smoking cessation, and these factors had good predictive capacity.
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Meshefedjian GA. The smoking spectrum: review of the existing evidence and future directions. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-018-01009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Yan Y, Sun S, Deng S, Jiang J, Duan F, Song C, Wang K, Zhang N, Tian Q, Nie W. A systematic review of anxiety across smoking stages in adolescents and young adults. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:1408-1415. [PMID: 30942124 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1581222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adolescence and young adults, inconsistence of the association between anxiety and smoking remains to be investigated and clarified. The aim of this study is investigated and clarified the association between anxiety and smoking stages in adolescence and young adults. METHODS The data on the causal influence of anxiety on smoking in adolescents and young adults aged 14 to 25 years old was retrieved from electronic databases. RESULTS Nineteen of 668 articles were subjected to a systematic review. Definitional differences with respect to smoking stages constrained homogeneity across the nineteen analyzed reports. Anxiety appears to play a more consistent risk role for nicotine dependent (ND) smokers than for non-nicotine dependent (non-ND) regular or daily smokers. Anxious non-ND smokers are at higher risk to become nicotine dependent. CONCLUSIONS A ununified definition of smoking stages is responsible for the production of inconsistent results. The analysis reinforced anxiety as a significant risk factor for smoking in one's lifetime. Anxious non-ND smokers are the key target for interventions aimed at preventing nicotine dependence and smoking-related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Yan
- a College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Shuxia Sun
- b Huanghuai University , Zhumadian , PR China
| | - Songyuan Deng
- c Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Jicheng Jiang
- c Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Fujiao Duan
- a College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China.,c Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Chunhua Song
- a College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China.,c Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Kaijuan Wang
- a College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China.,c Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- d College of pharmacy , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Qingfeng Tian
- a College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Wei Nie
- e Academy of Medical Science of Henan Province , Zhengzhou , PR China
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Jacobs M. Adolescent smoking: The relationship between cigarette consumption and BMI. Addict Behav Rep 2018; 9:100153. [PMID: 31193813 PMCID: PMC6542372 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies relating cigarette smoking and body weight yield conflicting results. Weight-lowering effects in women and men have been associated with smoking, however, no effects on weight have been proven. This study examined the association between cigarette smoking and relative weight in adolescent males and females as they age into young adults. Methods Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth—a nationally representative survey conducted annually—was used for this analysis. The sample consists of 4225 males and females observed annually from 1997 at age 12 to 17 through 2011 at age 27 to 31. Hierarchical generalized models (HGM) assess the impact of smoking on the likelihood of having higher BMI controlling for demographic, household and environmental impacts. The second estimation considers the possibility that smoking is endogenous and utilizes a multinomial instrument (IV) for smoking level. Results HGM models reveal a negative association between cigarette smoking and BMI for both males and females. Individuals who smoke more have lower BMI compared to infrequent or non-smokers. General health rating, region of residence and income were used instrument for smoking in a linear two-stage IV specification. The instrument is highly correlated with BMI and results mirror the HGM. Finally, models run on early, middle and advanced adolescents show that the relationship diminishes over time. The relationship between BMI and smoking decreases as females age but increases for males. Conclusions Empirical models confirm an association cigarette consumption and BMI in both males and females. This negative relationship varies with age. It is important to identify health risks—obesity—and modifiable risk factors—smoking—that contribute to health disparities among adolescents. However, the increase in one risky behavior leading to the decrease in the prevalence of the other, complicates the issue. The higher prevalence of frequent cigarette uses among both adolescents and young adults of lower BMI suggest that smoking could be used curb or suppress appetite. The weight impact of tobacco use by adolescents, unlike adults, has not been conclusively determined. This study examines the relationship between cigarette use and the body weight (BMI) of high school aged youth. Since smoking can be considered endogeneous in weight studies, smoking is instrumented in a two-stage process. Cigarette use is associated with higher BMI, but magnitudes vary by age. Models run on early, middle and older adolescents show that the relationship diminishes over time. The relationship between BMI and smoking decreases as females age but increases for males. Overweight and obese adolescents were more frequent tobacco users. Results suggest that electronic and conventional tobacco has similar BMI associations when used independently.
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Walker JF, Loprinzi PD. Association of BMI Changes Between Adolescence and Young Adulthood With Smoking Cessation. Am J Health Promot 2018; 33:358-362. [PMID: 30105914 DOI: 10.1177/0890117118772492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Weight gain frequently accompanies smoking cessation. This study examined if increasing body mass index (BMI) during the early years of smoking influences quitting by young adulthood. DESIGN Longitudinal, observational study using in-home interview data. SETTING National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health (Add Health) 1994 to 2008. SUBJECTS Nine hundred forty-nine adolescent smokers (12-19 years) followed into young adulthood (20-32 years) through 4 waves of in-home interviews. MEASURES Outcome variable: Young adult smoking status (yes or no) reported at in-home interviews. Factors: Gender and 4 longitudinal adolescent/young adult BMI trajectories-normal/normal, normal/overweight, normal/obese, and overweight/obese. Covariates: Race-ethnicity, education, household income, and recent quit attempt in adolescence. ANALYSIS Binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Overall, the rate at which young adults quit smoking was not significantly different based on gender. However, longitudinal changes in BMI trajectory and gender interact to influence young adult smoking status. Women having normal/overweight and normal/obese BMI trajectories were less likely to quit smoking than men. Odds that young adults having some college or post-high school education quit smoking were greater than those with high school education or less. CONCLUSION At a minimum, providing direct information regarding anticipated weight changes after quitting is indicated in smoking cessation intervention, in addition to strategies to mitigate postcessation weight gain. Faced with weight gain, younger smokers, particularly women, may be more resistant to quitting smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome F Walker
- 1 Department of Respiratory Therapy, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Paul D Loprinzi
- 2 Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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Vogel EA, Ramo DE, Rubinstein ML. Prevalence and correlates of adolescents' e-cigarette use frequency and dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 188:109-112. [PMID: 29763848 PMCID: PMC5999577 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding predictors of e-cigarette use among adolescents in the context of wide availability and extreme popularity of these products is important for prevention and treatment. This study identifies correlates of e-cigarette use frequency and dependence among adolescent users. METHODS Adolescent e-cigarette users (N = 173) were recruited from the San Francisco Bay Area. Participants reported demographic and psychosocial characteristics, e-cigarette use behaviors, and cigarette use. Bivariate relationships between potential correlates were examined, and correlates significant at p < .10 were included in full models predicting frequency and dependence. RESULTS In the full models, frequent use was associated with receiving one's first e-cigarette from a family member rather than a friend (r = -0.23, p < .001) or a store ( = -0.13, p = .037), using nicotine in all e-cigarettes versus some e-cigarettes (r = -0.17, p = .007) or unknown nicotine use (r = -0.15, p = .014), using a customizable device versus a Juul (r = -0.22, p < .001), vape pen (r = -0.20, p = .002), or other/unknown device (r = -0.16, p = .009), and friends' e-cigarette use (r = 0.20, p = .002). Dependence was associated with younger age of first use (r = -0.18, p = .012), friends' use (r = 0.18, p = .01), and recent cigarette use (r = 0.17, p = .019). CONCLUSIONS When assessing problematic e-cigarette use among adolescents, it is important to consider social factors (e.g., friends' and family members' e-cigarette use), device type, and dual use with cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, Box CPT 0984, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Danielle E. Ramo
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, Box CPT 0984, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mark L. Rubinstein
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 245, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
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Adapting, Pilot Testing and Evaluating the Kick.it App to Support Smoking Cessation for Smokers with Severe Mental Illness: A Study Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020254. [PMID: 30720772 PMCID: PMC5858323 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: While the prevalence of tobacco smoking in the general population has declined, it remains exceptionally high for smokers with severe mental illness (SMI), despite significant public health measures. This project aims to adapt, pilot test and evaluate a novel e-health smoking cessation intervention to assist relapse prevention and encourage sustained smoking cessation for young adults (aged 18⁻29 years) with SMI. (2) Methods: Using co-design principles, the researchers will adapt the Kick.it smartphone App in collaboration with a small sample of current and ex-smokers with SMI. In-depth interviews with smokers with SMI who have attempted to quit in the past 12 months and ex-smokers (i.e., those having not smoked in the past seven days) will explore their perceptions of smoking cessation support options that have been of value to them. Focus group participants will then give their feedback on the existing Kick.it App and any adaptations needed. The adapted App will then be pilot-tested with a small sample of young adult smokers with SMI interested in attempting to cut down or quit smoking, measuring utility, feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes in supporting their quit efforts. (3) Conclusions: This pilot work will inform a larger definitive trial. Dependent on recruitment success, the project may extend to also include smokers with SMI who are aged 30 years or more.
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Examining Smoking Cessation in a Community-Based Versus Clinic-Based Intervention Using Community-Based Participatory Research. J Community Health 2018; 41:1146-1152. [PMID: 27688221 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-016-0264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use remains a major public health problem in the U.S. disproportionately affecting underserved communities. The Communities Engaged and Advocating for a Smoke-free Environment (CEASE) initiative is an intervention to address the problem using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach. This study compares quit rates in a peer-led community-based intervention with those achieved in a clinical setting. The intervention consisted of three Phases. Phase I (n = 404) was a clinic-based trial comparing two types of counseling. Phase II (n = 398) and Phase III (n = 163) interventions were conducted in community venues by trained Peer Motivators. Quit rates at 12-week follow-up increased from 9.4 % in Phase I (clinic-based) to an average of 23.7 % in Phases II and III combined (community-based). The main predictor of smoking cessation was delivery of services in community settings (OR 2.6, 95 % CI 1.7-4.2) while controlling for possible confounders. A community-based approach can significantly guide and improve effectiveness and acceptability of smoking cessation services designed for low-income urban populations. In addition, CBPR can result in better recruitment and retention of the participants.
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Frith E, Loprinzi PD. Exercise Facilitates Smoking Cessation Indirectly via Intention to Quit Smoking: Prospective Cohort Study Among a National Sample of Young Smokers. Am J Health Promot 2017; 32:1234-1238. [PMID: 28656810 DOI: 10.1177/0890117117717372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated the specific association between exercise and smoking cessation via smoking-mediated intentions to quit smoking among a national sample of young daily smokers in the United States. DESIGN Prospective cohort study over a 2-year period, with daily smokers assessed across all 50 states in the United States. SETTING Data from the 2003 to 2005 National Youth Smoking Cessation Survey were used. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1175 young adult smokers aged between 18 and 24 years. MEASURES Baseline exercise and intent to quit smoking were assessed via validated survey measures. Smoking status at the 2-year follow-up period was assessed via survey assessment. RESULTS After adjustments, meeting exercise guidelines at baseline was associated with an increased baseline intent to quit smoking among this national sample of daily smokers (OR = 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-2.07; P = .01). After adjustments, those with a baseline intent to quit smoking had a 71% increased odds ratio (OR) of being a nonsmoker at the 2-year follow-up (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.20-2.44; P = .003). Baseline exercise was not associated with 2-year follow-up smoking status (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.60-1.28; P = .50). CONCLUSION In this nationally representative sample of young daily smokers, there was a positive association between exercise participation and intention to quit smoking. Baseline intent to quit smoking was independently associated with nonsmoking status at a 2-year follow-up. Thus, this indirect link between exercise and smoking status may be partially explained by the influence of exercise engagement on smoking-specific intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Frith
- 1 Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Paul D Loprinzi
- 2 Jackson Heart Study Vanguard Center of Oxford, Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, School of Applied Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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Ludvigsson JF, Agreus L, Ciacci C, Crowe SE, Geller MG, Green PHR, Hill I, Hungin AP, Koletzko S, Koltai T, Lundin KEA, Mearin ML, Murray JA, Reilly N, Walker MM, Sanders DS, Shamir R, Troncone R, Husby S. Transition from childhood to adulthood in coeliac disease: the Prague consensus report. Gut 2016; 65:1242-51. [PMID: 27196596 PMCID: PMC4975833 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The process of transition from childhood to adulthood is characterised by physical, mental and psychosocial development. Data on the transition and transfer of care in adolescents/young adults with coeliac disease (CD) are scarce. In this paper, 17 physicians from 10 countries (Sweden, Italy, the USA, Germany, Norway, the Netherlands, Australia, Britain, Israel and Denmark) and two representatives from patient organisations (Association of European Coeliac Societies and the US Celiac Disease Foundation) examined the literature on transition from childhood to adulthood in CD. Medline (Ovid) and EMBASE were searched between 1900 and September 2015. Evidence in retrieved reports was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation method. The current consensus report aims to help healthcare personnel manage CD in the adolescent and young adult and provide optimal care and transition into adult healthcare for patients with this disease. In adolescence, patients with CD should gradually assume exclusive responsibility for their care, although parental support is still important. Dietary adherence and consequences of non-adherence should be discussed during transition. In most adolescents and young adults, routine small intestinal biopsy is not needed to reconfirm a childhood diagnosis of CD based on European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) or North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) criteria, but a biopsy may be considered where paediatric diagnostic criteria have not been fulfilled, such as, in a patient without biopsy at diagnosis, additional serology (endomysium antibody) has not been performed to confirm 10-fold positivity of tissue transglutaminase antibodies or when a no biopsy strategy has been adopted in an asymptomatic child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden,Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lars Agreus
- Division of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Carolina Ciacci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sheila E Crowe
- University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Peter H R Green
- Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ivor Hill
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A Pali Hungin
- Primary Care and General Practice, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, Stockton on Tees, UK
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Tunde Koltai
- Hungary (for the Association of European Coeliac Societies, AOECS), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Luisa Mearin
- Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph A Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Immunology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Norelle Reilly
- Columbia University Medical Center-Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marjorie M Walker
- Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, School of Medicine & Public Health, Newcastle, Australia
| | - David S Sanders
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital & University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Raanan Shamir
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences & European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Steffen Husby
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
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Villanti AC, Bover Manderski MT, Gundersen DA, Steinberg MB, Delnevo CD. Reasons to quit and barriers to quitting smoking in US young adults. Fam Pract 2016; 33:133-9. [PMID: 26733658 PMCID: PMC5006105 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmv103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adulthood provides an enormous opportunity to alter trajectories of smoking behaviour for a large public health impact. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine correlates of perceived barriers to quitting smoking and reasons to quit in a sample of young adult current and former smokers. METHODS This study used data from the 2011 National Young Adult Health Survey, a random-digit-dial cellphone survey. Participants were US young adult current smokers aged 18-34 (n = 699) and young adults who were either current smokers who had made a quit attempt in the past-year (n = 402) or former smokers (n = 289). Correlates of barriers to quitting smoking and reasons for quitting smoking were assessed using bivariate and multivariable analyses. RESULTS More than half of current smokers identified 'loss of a way to handle stress' (59%) and 'cravings or withdrawal' (52%) as barriers to quitting. Female gender, daily smoking and intention to quit remained significantly associated with endorsing 'loss of a way to handle stress' as a barrier to quitting in multivariable analyses. The two most popular reasons for quitting smoking were physical fitness (64%) and the cost of tobacco (64%). CONCLUSION These findings highlight barriers to cessation and the reasons that young smokers give for quitting. This information may be helpful to physicians as they counsel their young adult patients to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Villanti
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Daniel A Gundersen
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers School of Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ and
| | - Michael B Steinberg
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ and Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cristine D Delnevo
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers School of Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ and
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Loprinzi PD, Wolfe CD, Walker JF. Exercise facilitates smoking cessation indirectly via improvements in smoking-specific self-efficacy: Prospective cohort study among a national sample of young smokers. Prev Med 2015; 81:63-6. [PMID: 26303372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine whether exercise is associated with 2-year follow-up smoking status through its influence on smoking-specific self-efficacy. METHODS Longitudinal data from the 2003-2005 National Youth Smoking Cessation Survey were used, including 1,228 participants (16-24 years). A questionnaire was used to examine baseline exercise levels, baseline smoking-specific self-efficacy, follow-up smoking status, and the covariates. RESULTS Baseline exercise was associated with baseline self-efficacy (β=0.04, p<0.001) after adjusting for age category, sex, race-ethnicity, education, and nicotine dependence. Baseline self-efficacy, in turn, was associated with 2-year smoking status (β=0.23, p<0.001) after adjustments. There was no adjusted direct effect of baseline exercise on 2-year smoking status (β=0.001, p=0.95); however, the adjusted indirect effect of baseline self-efficacy on the relationship between exercise and 2-year smoking status was significant (β=0.008, bootstrapped lower and upper CI: 0.002-0.02; p<0.05). The mediation ratio was 0.837, which indicates that smoking-specific self-efficacy mediates 84% of the total effect of exercise on smoking status. CONCLUSIONS Among daily smokers, exercise may help to facilitate smoking cessation via exercise-induced increases in smoking-specific self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Center for Health Behavior Research, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States.
| | - Christy D Wolfe
- Department of Psychology, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY 40205, United States
| | - Jerome F Walker
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY 40205, United States
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Pinsker EA, Hennrikus DJ, Hannan PJ, Lando HA, Brosseau LM. Smoking patterns, quit behaviors, and smoking environment of workers in small manufacturing companies. Am J Ind Med 2015; 58:996-1007. [PMID: 26179203 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study describes smokers employed at 47 small manufacturing companies in Minnesota, USA. METHODS Smokers (n = 713) participating in a group-randomized trial completed a baseline survey on their smoking patterns, quit behaviors, smoking environment, workplace attitudes about smoking, and correlates of smoking. These characteristics were examined by job type and a latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to group workers with similar characteristics. RESULTS Production workers had the highest prevalence of daily smoking (88% vs. 68% among managers), and addiction (61% vs. 26% among managers), and the highest mean level of perceived stress (6.4 vs. 4.9 among managers). The LCA identified three subgroups of smokers that differed in levels of barriers to cessation. Production workers were most likely to be in the group with greater barriers (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results underscore the importance of targeting interventions to production workers and those who exhibit the greatest barriers to cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika A. Pinsker
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Minnesota School of Public Health; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Deborah J. Hennrikus
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Minnesota School of Public Health; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Peter J. Hannan
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Minnesota School of Public Health; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Harry A. Lando
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Minnesota School of Public Health; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Lisa M. Brosseau
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences; University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health; Chicago Illinois
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Loprinzi PD, Walker JF. Combined association of physical activity and diet with C-reactive protein among smokers. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:51. [PMID: 26106588 PMCID: PMC4477475 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background In the general population, both physical activity and dietary behavior are independently associated with less systemic inflammation, with this relationship less examined among smokers. To our knowledge, no study has examined the combined association of both physical activity and dietary behavior on systemic inflammation among daily smokers, which was the purpose of this study. Methods Data from the 2003–2006 NHANES were employed. 810 adult smokers provided C-reactive protein data (CRP; a marker of inflammation), and sufficient physical activity (accelerometry) and dietary data (healthy eating index). Results The fully adjusted model showed that participants meeting physical activity guidelines and eating a healthy diet (β = −0.34, p = 0.03) had lower CRP levels when compared to those not engaging in these health behaviors, but only having one health behavior was not a significant predictor of CRP (β = −0.19, p = 0.14). Conclusions Smokers engaging in regular physical activity while consuming a healthy diet demonstrate lower CRP levels than their counterparts. When taken together, these behaviors may mitigate inflammation associated with various chronic diseases, which is of particular importance as very few smokers successfully quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Center for Health Behavior Research, School of Applied Sciences, The University of Mississippi, 215 Turner Center, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Jerome F Walker
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY USA
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Spivak AL, Monnat SM. Prohibiting juvenile access to tobacco: Violation rates, cigarette sales, and youth smoking. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2015; 26:851-9. [PMID: 25913107 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scholars who examine the efficacy of juvenile tobacco sales restrictions, especially the 1992 "Synar Amendment" that led all of fifty U.S. states to enact prohibitions on tobacco sales to minors, are notably divided as to impact on youth smoking. Some researchers claim that such policies have failed and ought to be abandoned (Craig & Boris, 2007; Etter, 2006; Glantz, 2002), while others insist that enforcement has indeed led to reduced tobacco use (DiFranza, 2011b; SAMHSA, 2011). The present study is the first to combine data on Synar violation rates from all states and years available since the amendment's implementation, assessing the connection to national rates of cigarette sales and youth smoking behavior. METHODS Using national data from the United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, the Tobacco Institute, and the Centers for Disease Control's Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System across all U.S. states between 1996 and 2007, we employ hierarchical linear modeling to examine the connection between retailer Synar violations and youth smoking. RESULTS Controlling for state-level demographic variables, results indicate that retailer violation rates are significantly associated with greater youth smoking prevalence, as well as higher overall cigarette sales. CONCLUSION While critiques of Synar policies are substantive and should be addressed, laws prohibiting the sale of tobacco to juveniles appear to have had some degree of success.
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