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Damigou E, Georgoulis M, Chrysohoou C, Barkas F, Vlachopoulou E, Adamidis PS, Kravvariti E, Tsioufis C, Pitsavos C, Liberopoulos E, Sfikakis PP, Panagiotakos D. Mediterranean-Type Diet Adherence and Body Mass Index through 20 Years of Follow-Up: Results from the ATTICA Cohort Study (2002-2022). Nutrients 2024; 16:1128. [PMID: 38674819 PMCID: PMC11054262 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence of the association between dietary habits and long-term body weight status is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate changes in Mediterranean-type diet (MTD) adherence in relation to body weight during 20 years of follow-up. Data from n = 1582 participants from the ATTICA cohort study (2002-2022) were used. MTD adherence was assessed via MedDietScore, and body weight status via body mass index (BMI) by 3 different measurements. We found that MTD adherence and changes in this adherence were inversely related to BMI at 20 years and the mean BMI during the 20-year follow-up. In multi-adjusted linear regression models, a 1/55 increase in baseline, 10-year, and 20-year MedDietScore was associated with a decrease of 0.05-0.13 kg/m2 in BMI at 20 years and of 0.08-0.09 kg/m2 in the mean BMI. Being consistently close to the MTD for 20 years was associated with a >90% decreased risk of maintaining overweight/obesity during the 20-year period. Strong, protective, long-lasting effects of the MTD were observed, even in those who deviated from the MTD in the follow-up (41% of the sample). Our results highlight the need to focus on the overall diet quality to minimize the risk of maintaining an excessive body weight during the life-course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Damigou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Michael Georgoulis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Fotios Barkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Elpiniki Vlachopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Petros S. Adamidis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Evrydiki Kravvariti
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Tsioufis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Liberopoulos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P. Sfikakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (M.G.)
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Gasiński A, Kawa-Rygielska J. Assessment of green lentil malt as a substrate for gluten-free beer brewing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:504. [PMID: 38177258 PMCID: PMC10767091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze whether it is possible to brew beer without using cereals so that the produced beverage could be easily accessible for the population suffering from celiac disease and other gluten-related disorders. Green lentil seeds were malted and then mashed using a congress mashing procedure to assess their advantages and disadvantages in the brewing process. Based on the congress mashing procedure, the mashing process needed to produce beer was developed, and beers were produced from the lentil malts germinated during malting for 96 h, 120 h and 144 h. It was possible to produce beers from the lentil malts; however, they were characterized by a lower alcohol content, lower degree of attenuation and some discrepancies between the concentrations of various volatiles (such as acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, and 1-propanol) compared to the control beer produced from barley malt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Gasiński
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37 Street, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kawa-Rygielska
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37 Street, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
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Locke A. Using the Values of Integrative Medicine to Create the Future of Healthcare. GLOBAL ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE AND HEALTH 2024; 13:27536130241253607. [PMID: 38751850 PMCID: PMC11095182 DOI: 10.1177/27536130241253607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The ideal future state of health for the world's populations requires a cohesive model that considers the synergistic roles of communities, public health and healthcare. This future state reaffirms the importance of the relationship between practitioner and patient, focuses on the whole person, is informed by evidence, and makes use of all appropriate therapeutic and lifestyle approaches, healthcare professionals and disciplines to achieve optimal health and healing. This is the definition of Integrative Medicine. We are far from this idealistic future. Healthcare costs continue to escalate while life expectancy declines. We train our future healthcare professionals in our current disease-based model that prioritizes siloed pharmaceutical and interventional approaches over whole person prevention focused care. As healthcare professionals, we disregard our capacity to influence the leading risk factors for disease-related death and disability which include health behaviors, social, economic and environmental drivers. Burnout is high and rising. Rapid shifts are expected in the coming years as the current system's cost becomes untenable. We need a sustainable future for healthcare. That means we must figure out how to re-center on the patient, on a full spectrum of prevention and treatment, and how to influence public and community health. The future model must focus on health behaviors at its foundation, use systems thinking, be environmentally sustainable, and approach health from a population lens. The future will require an ability to consider complex systems approaches to health and wellbeing that include a focus on both the patient and the healthcare team. Research strategies must not only consider effectiveness but also reach, implementation and institutionalization in a multi-dimensional capacity that looks at whole person health as an outcome while looking at individuals in the context of where they live and work. The Integrative Medicine community has an opportunity to help lead the way to a sustainable and health focused future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Locke
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah Health, Academic Consortium for Integrative Medicine and Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Forouhi NG. Embracing complexity: making sense of diet, nutrition, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2023; 66:786-799. [PMID: 36786838 PMCID: PMC9925928 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition therapy has been emphasised for decades for people with type 2 diabetes, and the vital importance of diet and nutrition is now also recognised for type 2 diabetes prevention. However, the complexity of diet and mixed messages on what is unhealthy, healthy or optimal have led to confusion among people with diabetes and their physicians as well as the general public. What should people eat for the prevention, management and remission of type 2 diabetes? Recently, progress has been made in research evidence that has advanced our understanding in several areas of past uncertainty. This article examines some of these issues, focusing on the role of diet in weight management and in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. It considers nutritional strategies including low-energy, low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets, discusses inter-relationships between nutrients, foods and dietary patterns, and examines aspects of quantity and quality together with new developments, challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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Kidwell KM, James TD, Brock RL, Lazarus Yaroch A, Hill JL, Mize Nelson J, Alex Mason W, Andrews Espy K, Nelson TD. Preschool Executive Control, Temperament, and Adolescent Dietary Behaviors. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:260-268. [PMID: 35939404 PMCID: PMC10305800 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child temperament styles characterized by increased emotionality or pleasure seeking may increase risk for less healthful eating patterns, while strong executive control (EC) may be protective. The interaction of these characteristics with longitudinal outcomes has not yet been examined. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the association of preschool temperament and EC, as well as their interaction with adolescent eating. METHODS Preschoolers (N = 313) were recruited into a longitudinal study, with behavioral measurement of EC at age 5.25 years, temperament assessed multiple times across preschool, and eating outcomes assessed in adolescence (mean age = 15.34 years). RESULTS Separate latent moderated structural equation models demonstrated that weaker EC was associated with eating less healthful foods, including high sugar foods, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and convenience foods (p < .05). In the moderation models, negative affectivity temperament was correlated with eating less healthful foods, high sugar foods, and SSBs (p < .05). Children lower in surgency/extraversion temperament were more likely to drink SSBs. There was an interaction between temperament and EC, such that children high in negative affectivity with weaker EC were particularly more likely to consume less healthful foods, high sugar foods, and SSBs (p < .05). There was no interaction of surgency with EC and food consumption. CONCLUSIONS Child characteristics measured early in development were associated with later adolescent eating behaviors. Adequate EC could be necessary to counteract the drive toward eating associated with temperaments high in negative affectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany D James
- Office of Research and Economic Development, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Rebecca L Brock
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Jennie L Hill
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jennifer Mize Nelson
- Office of Research and Economic Development, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - W Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tennessee Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kimberly Andrews Espy
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Timothy D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Competing paradigms of obesity pathogenesis: energy balance versus carbohydrate-insulin models. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1209-1221. [PMID: 35896818 PMCID: PMC9436778 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The obesity pandemic continues unabated despite a persistent public health campaign to decrease energy intake (“eat less”) and increase energy expenditure (“move more”). One explanation for this failure is that the current approach, based on the notion of energy balance, has not been adequately embraced by the public. Another possibility is that this approach rests on an erroneous paradigm. A new formulation of the energy balance model (EBM), like prior versions, considers overeating (energy intake > expenditure) the primary cause of obesity, incorporating an emphasis on “complex endocrine, metabolic, and nervous system signals” that control food intake below conscious level. This model attributes rising obesity prevalence to inexpensive, convenient, energy-dense, “ultra-processed” foods high in fat and sugar. An alternative view, the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM), proposes that hormonal responses to highly processed carbohydrates shift energy partitioning toward deposition in adipose tissue, leaving fewer calories available for the body’s metabolic needs. Thus, increasing adiposity causes overeating to compensate for the sequestered calories. Here, we highlight robust contrasts in how the EBM and CIM view obesity pathophysiology and consider deficiencies in the EBM that impede paradigm testing and refinement. Rectifying these deficiencies should assume priority, as a constructive paradigm clash is needed to resolve long-standing scientific controversies and inform the design of new models to guide prevention and treatment. Nevertheless, public health action need not await resolution of this debate, as both models target processed carbohydrates as major drivers of obesity.
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Health and Sustainability Co-Benefits of Eating Behaviors: Towards a Science of Dietary Eco-Wellness. Prev Med Rep 2022; 28:101878. [PMID: 35832638 PMCID: PMC9272027 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two of the greatest challenges of our times - climate change and the linked epidemics of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease - are fueled in part by the over-consumption of carbon-intensive high calorie foodstuffs. Converging evidence from hundreds of studies has confirmed that transitioning from diets high in meat and dairy to largely plant-based diets not only is necessary for climate change mitigation but will also lead to substantive reductions in morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, there are only the faintest beginnings of a robust science of behavioral eco-wellness, defined here as the study of how individual choices, behaviors, and habits impact both personal health and environmental sustainability. This paper focusses on the sub-field of dietary eco-wellness, which looks at health and sustainability impacts of food production, procurement, preparation, and consumption. To advance this crucial agenda, investigators will need to invent, develop, and assess approaches aimed at helping people transition towards healthier and more sustainable diets. In order to accurately and reliably assess appropriate outcomes, existing assessment methods will need to be refined, new techniques will need to be advanced, and all measurement methods will need to be validated. Local conditions will influence the effectiveness of various approaches, and so it is important that scientists and communities share their stories of success and challenge for others to learn from. This paper reviews emerging evidence from relevant studies in dozens of countries, suggesting next steps, potential pathways, and a framework for interpretation.
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Leite BF, Morimoto MA, Gomes CMF, Klemz BNC, Genaro PS, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Damasceno NRT, Pinheiro MM. Dietetic intervention in psoriatic arthritis: the DIETA trial. Adv Rheumatol 2022; 62:12. [PMID: 35387686 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-022-00243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate whether dietary pattern changes, antioxidant supplementation or 5-10% weight loss could improve disease activity (skin and joint) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS A total of 97 PsA patients were enrolled in this 12-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomized into three groups: Diet-placebo (hypocaloric diet + placebo supplementation); Diet-fish (hypocaloric diet + 3 g/day of omega-3 supplementation; and Placebo. Food intake (3-day registry, Healthy Eating Index (HEI), and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII)), body composition (whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), weight and waist circumference) and disease activity (PASI, BSA, BASDAI, DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP and MDA) were evaluated at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Statistical analysis used the intention-to-treat approach. The P value was considered to indicate significance when below 0.05. RESULTS After 12 weeks, DAS28-CRP and BASDAI scores improved, especially in the Diet-placebo group (- 0.6 ± 0.9; p = 0.004 and - 1.39 ± 1.97; p = 0.001, respectively). In addition, a higher proportion of patients achieved minimal disease activity (MDA) in all groups. The Diet-fish group showed significant weight loss (- 1.79 ± 2.4; p = 0.004), as well as waist circumference (- 3.28 ± 3.5, p < 0.001) and body fat (- 1.2 ± 2.2, p = 0.006) reductions. There was no significant correlation between weight loss and disease activity improvement. Each 1-unit increase in the HEI value reduced the likelihood of achieving remission by 4%. Additionally, each 100-cal daily intake increase caused a 3.4-fold DAS28-ESR impairment. CONCLUSION A 12-week hypocaloric intervention provided suitable control of joint disease activity in patients with PsA, regardless of weight loss. Adding omega-3 supplementation caused relevant body composition changes but not disease activity improvement. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was recorded on Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03142503).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz F Leite
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), 204 Leandro Dupré St., Room 74, Vila Clementino, Sao Paulo, SP, 04025-010, Brazil.
| | - Melissa A Morimoto
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), 204 Leandro Dupré St., Room 74, Vila Clementino, Sao Paulo, SP, 04025-010, Brazil
| | - Carina M F Gomes
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), 204 Leandro Dupré St., Room 74, Vila Clementino, Sao Paulo, SP, 04025-010, Brazil
| | - Barbara N C Klemz
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), 204 Leandro Dupré St., Room 74, Vila Clementino, Sao Paulo, SP, 04025-010, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S Genaro
- Department of Nutrition, Vale Do Paraíba University, 2911 Shishima Hifumi Av, Urbanova, Sao Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Nittin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Nágila R T Damasceno
- Nutrition Department, Public Health School, Sao Paulo University, 715 Dr Arnaldo Av, Pacaembu, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Pinheiro
- Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), 204 Leandro Dupré St., Room 74, Vila Clementino, Sao Paulo, SP, 04025-010, Brazil
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Grosso G, Laudisio D, Frias-Toral E, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Savastano S, Colao A. Anti-Inflammatory Nutrients and Obesity-Associated Metabolic-Inflammation: State of the Art and Future Direction. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061137. [PMID: 35334794 PMCID: PMC8954840 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that dietary factors may play a role in systemic low-grade chronic inflammation. Summary evidence from randomized controlled trials has shown substantial effects on biomarkers of inflammation following the adoption of plant-based diets (including, but not limited to, the Mediterranean diet), while consistent findings have been reported for higher intakes of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables and positive trends observed for the consumption of legumes, pulses, nuts, and olive oil. Among animal food groups, dairy products have been shown to have the best benefits on biomarkers of inflammation, while red meat and egg have been shown to have neutral effects. The present review provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying the relation between dietary factors and immune system, with a focus on specific macronutrient and non-nutrient phytochemicals (polyphenols) and low-grade inflammation. Substantial differences within each macronutrient group may explain the conflicting results obtained regarding foods high in saturated fats and carbohydrates, underlying the role of specific subtypes of molecules (i.e., short-chain fatty acids or fiber vs. long chain fatty acids or free added sugars) when exploring the relation between diet and inflammation, as well as the importance of the food matrix and the commixture of foods in the context of whole dietary patterns. Dietary polyphenols and oligopeptides have been hypothesized to exert several functions, including the regulation of the inflammatory response and effects on the immune system. Overall, evidence suggests that dietary factors may affect the immune system regardless of obesity-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Santiago de Guayaquil Catholic University, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador;
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, 80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-3779
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Sharma SV, McWhorter JW, Chow J, Danho MP, Weston SR, Chavez F, Moore LS, Almohamad M, Gonzalez J, Liew E, LaRue DM, Galvan E, Hoelscher DM, Tseng KC. Impact of a Virtual Culinary Medicine Curriculum on Biometric Outcomes, Dietary Habits, and Related Psychosocial Factors among Patients with Diabetes Participating in a Food Prescription Program. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124492. [PMID: 34960044 PMCID: PMC8707163 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Culinary medicine is an evidence-based approach that blends the art of cooking with the science of medicine to inculcate a healthy dietary pattern. Food prescription programs are gaining popularity in the Unites States, as a means to improve access to healthy foods among patient populations. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation and preliminary impact of A Prescription for Healthy Living (APHL) culinary medicine curriculum on biometric and diet-related behavioral and psychosocial outcomes among patients with diabetes participating in a clinic-led food prescription (food Rx) program. We used a quasi-experimental design to assess APHL program impact on patient biometric outcome data obtained from electronic health records, including glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (n = 33 patients in the APHL group, n = 75 patients in the food Rx-only group). Pre-post surveys were administered among those in the APHL group to monitor program impact on psychosocial and behavioral outcomes. Results of the outcome analysis showed significant pre-to-post reduction in HbA1c levels among participants within the APHL group (estimated mean difference = -0.96% (-1.82, -0.10), p = 0.028). Between-group changes showed a greater decrease in HbA1c among those participating in APHL as compared to food Rx-only, albeit these differences were not statistically significant. Participation in APHL demonstrated significant increases in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, fewer participants reported that cooking healthy food is difficult, increased frequency of cooking from scratch, and increased self-efficacy in meal planning and cooking (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the results of our pilot study suggest the potential positive impact of a virtually-implemented culinary medicine approach in improving health outcomes among low-income patients with type 2 diabetes, albeit studies with a larger sample size and a rigorous study design are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreela V. Sharma
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.D.); (F.C.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-500-9344
| | - John W. McWhorter
- Department of Health Promotion Behavioral Sciences, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.W.M.); (S.R.W.); (L.S.M.)
| | - Joanne Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.D.); (F.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Melisa P. Danho
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.D.); (F.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Shannon R. Weston
- Department of Health Promotion Behavioral Sciences, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.W.M.); (S.R.W.); (L.S.M.)
| | - Fatima Chavez
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.D.); (F.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Laura S. Moore
- Department of Health Promotion Behavioral Sciences, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.W.M.); (S.R.W.); (L.S.M.)
| | - Maha Almohamad
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.C.); (M.P.D.); (F.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Jennifer Gonzalez
- Population Health, Harris Health System, 4800 Fournace Place, Bellaire, TX 77401, USA; (J.G.); (D.M.L.); (E.G.); (K.C.T.)
| | - Esther Liew
- Food For Change Health Partnerships, Houston Food Bank, 535 Portwall Street, Houston, TX 77029, USA;
| | - Denise M. LaRue
- Population Health, Harris Health System, 4800 Fournace Place, Bellaire, TX 77401, USA; (J.G.); (D.M.L.); (E.G.); (K.C.T.)
| | - Esperanza Galvan
- Population Health, Harris Health System, 4800 Fournace Place, Bellaire, TX 77401, USA; (J.G.); (D.M.L.); (E.G.); (K.C.T.)
| | - Deanna M. Hoelscher
- Department of Health Promotion Behavioral Sciences, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, Austin Regional Campus, University of Texas School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe, Austin, TX 78701, USA;
| | - Karen C. Tseng
- Population Health, Harris Health System, 4800 Fournace Place, Bellaire, TX 77401, USA; (J.G.); (D.M.L.); (E.G.); (K.C.T.)
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11
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Arora C, Malhotra A, Ranjan P, Vikram NK, Dwivedi SN, Singh N, Shalimar, Singh V. Variation in Lifestyle-Related Behavior Among Obese Indian Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Nutr 2021; 8:655032. [PMID: 33937307 PMCID: PMC8079655 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.655032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle modification is the mainstay of treatment in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Published Indian data on the diet and lifestyle of Indian NAFLD patients is scarce. This study explored variation in lifestyle-related behavior among obese patients with NAFLD. Ultrasonography (USG) diagnosed obese NAFLD patients (n = 140) were assessed for dietary intake [1-day 24 hours recall, food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ)] and physical activity (PA) [Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)]. Diet quality score (0–30) and physical activity (PA) levels were used to study variation in lifestyle and assess the effect of lifestyle on the severity of NAFLD. Compared to the recommendation, calorie consumption was 25.2% higher in nearly half (53.6%) of the subjects and mean macronutrient intake was imbalanced (60.3% carbohydrates, 12.4% protein, 25.5% fats). Variation was seen in terms of diet quality—good (3%), moderate (54.3%), or poor (43.5%) and intensity of PA—high (15%), moderate (47.9%), or low (37.1%). No patient had a combination of high PA and good diet quality within all grades of NAFLD. Our study suggests wide variation in lifestyles of obese patients with NAFLD and need for a more flexible and individualized modification of their diet and PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Arora
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Malhotra
- Department of Home Science, Lakshmibai College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naval K Vikram
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S N Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishwajeet Singh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight gain following smoking cessation reduces the incentive to quit, especially among women. Exercise and diet interventions may reduce postcessation weight gain, but their long-term effect has not been estimated in randomized trials. METHODS We estimated the long-term reduction in postcessation weight gain among women under smoking cessation alone or combined with (1) moderate-to-vigorous exercise (15, 30, 45, 60 minutes/day), and (2) exercise and diet modification (≤2 servings/week of unprocessed red meat; ≥5 servings/day of fruits and vegetables; minimal sugar-sweetened beverages, sweets and desserts, potato chips or fried potatoes, and processed red meat). RESULTS Among 10,087 eligible smokers in the Nurses' Health Study and 9,271 in the Nurses' Health Study II, the estimated 10-year mean weights under smoking cessation were 75.0 (95% CI = 74.7, 75.5) kg and 79.0 (78.2, 79.6) kg, respectively. Pooling both cohorts, the estimated postcessation mean weight gain was 4.9 (7.3, 2.6) kg lower under a hypothetical strategy of exercising at least 30 minutes/day and diet modification, and 5.9 (8.0, 3.8) kg lower under exercising at least 60 minutes/day and diet modification, compared with smoking cessation without exercising. CONCLUSIONS In this study, substantial weight gain occurred in women after smoking cessation, but we estimate that exercise and dietary modifications could have averted most of it.
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13
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Jurado-Fasoli L, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Arias-Tellez MJ, Gil A, Labayen I, Ruiz JR. Relationship between dietary factors and S-Klotho plasma levels in young sedentary healthy adults. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 194:111435. [PMID: 33454278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the associations of dietary factors with S-Klotho plasma levels in young adults. We also aimed to study whether body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors affected the association between dietary factors and S-Klotho plasma levels. METHODS A total of 139 young adults took part in this study. Dietary factors were measured using a food frequency questionnaire and three non-consecutive 24 h recalls. S-Klotho plasma levels were measured by immunosorbent assay. Body composition was measured by DXA. RESULTS We observed a direct association of ethanol intake and S-Klotho plasma levels in women. An inverse association was also observed between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with S-Klotho plasma levels in all sample. No mediation effects of body composition or cardiometabolic risk factors were observed in the relationship between alcohol and S-Klotho plasma levels. Lean mass index (LMI) and uric acid levels mediated the relationship between DII and S-Klotho plasma levels. CONCLUSION A pro-inflammatory dietary pattern was inversely associated with S-Klotho plasma levels in young adults, which was partially mediated by LMI and uric acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; EFFECTS 262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine. University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; EFFECTS 262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine. University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Health, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Arias-Tellez
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; EFFECTS 262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine. University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independence 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Av. Del Conocimiento 12, 3 ª pta, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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14
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Mohajer N, Du CY, Checkcinco C, Blumberg B. Obesogens: How They Are Identified and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Their Action. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:780888. [PMID: 34899613 PMCID: PMC8655100 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.780888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult and childhood obesity have reached pandemic level proportions. The idea that caloric excess and insufficient levels of physical activity leads to obesity is a commonly accepted answer for unwanted weight gain. This paradigm offers an inconclusive explanation as the world continually moves towards an unhealthier and heavier existence irrespective of energy balance. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that resemble natural hormones and disrupt endocrine function by interfering with the body's endogenous hormones. A subset of EDCs called obesogens have been found to cause metabolic disruptions such as increased fat storage, in vivo. Obesogens act on the metabolic system through multiple avenues and have been found to affect the homeostasis of a variety of systems such as the gut microbiome and adipose tissue functioning. Obesogenic compounds have been shown to cause metabolic disturbances later in life that can even pass into multiple future generations, post exposure. The rising rates of obesity and related metabolic disease are demanding increasing attention on chemical screening efforts and worldwide preventative strategies to keep the public and future generations safe. This review addresses the most current findings on known obesogens and their effects on the metabolic system, the mechanisms of action through which they act upon, and the screening efforts through which they were identified with. The interplay between obesogens, brown adipose tissue, and the gut microbiome are major topics that will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mohajer
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Chrislyn Y. Du
- Deparment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Christian Checkcinco
- Deparment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Deparment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Deparment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bruce Blumberg,
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Al-Nimr RI, Wright KCS, Aquila CL, Petersen CL, Gooding TL, Batsis JA. Intensive nutrition counseling as part of a multi-component weight loss intervention improves diet quality and anthropometrics in older adults with obesity. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 40:293-299. [PMID: 33183553 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity significantly impacts older adults. Intensive nutrition counseling can aid in weight reduction and improve diet quality, but data are sparse in this population. The objective of this intervention is to determine how intensive nutrition counseling affects diet quality and anthropometric measures during a multi-component weight loss intervention in rural older adults with obesity. METHODS A series of 12-week, single-arm feasibility pilots were conducted in fall 2017 and winter/spring 2018 in a community aging center in rural Northern New England. Adults were eligible if ≥ 65 years old with a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2. Exclusion criteria included dementia/cognitive impairment, uncontrolled psychiatric illness, weight-loss surgery, weight loss >5% in previous 6-months, life-threatening illness, palliative/hospice services, current participation in another weight-loss study/program, obesogenic medications, or presence of major chronic conditions. Participants received once-weekly nutrition counseling by a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN), and twice-weekly exercise sessions by a physical therapist (PT). Primary outcomes were diet quality changes measured by total Rapid Eating and Activity Assessment for Patients-Short Version (REAP-S) and Automated Self-Administered 24-h dietary recall (ASA-24). Secondary outcome measures were changes in weight (kilograms) and waist circumference (centimeters). McNemar test was conducted for all paired categorical data while paired t-tests were conducted for all paired continuous data. All analyses were conducted in R; p-value<0.05 was significant. RESULTS Total n = 23. Mean age was 72.2 (5.8) years (73.9% female); mean BMI was 35.9 ± 5.0 kg/m2. At 12 weeks, diet quality significantly improved. REAP-S scores increased by 3.53 ± 3.13 points (p < 0.001). Kilocalories, grams fat, grams saturated fat, milligrams sodium, grams added sugar, and grams alcohol via ASA-24 significantly decreased (all p < 0.05). Significant reductions in weight (-5.22 ± 3.13 kg) and waist circumference (-6.88 ± 5.67 cm) were observed (both p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Intensive nutrition counseling significantly enhances diet quality and reduces weight and waist circumference in rural older adults with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Itani Al-Nimr
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road Hanover, NH, 03755, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.
| | - K C S Wright
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA; Wildberrycommunications.com, 1106 Lakeshore Drive, New London, NH, 03257, USA.
| | - Christina L Aquila
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.
| | - Curtis L Petersen
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road Hanover, NH, 03755, USA; The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy,1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.
| | - Tyler L Gooding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.
| | - John A Batsis
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road Hanover, NH, 03755, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA; The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy,1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Center for Aging and Health, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, HC, 27517, USA.
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16
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Ramezani-Jolfaie N, Mohammadi M, Salehi-Abargouei A. Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on weight loss in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:1141-1150. [PMID: 31522379 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies on the effect of the Nordic diet (ND) on body weight and adiposity indices were conflicting. This study targeted to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) examined the effect of the ND on body weight and composition. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of Science, ProQuest and Google Scholar were searched for the eligible studies up to August 2019. The weighted mean difference (WMD) in body weight and composition indices between the ND and control groups/periods was derived using random-effects model. RESULTS In total, seven studies (n = 774 participants) were included in the present study. Five studies had illustrated the effect of the ND on weight, three on waist circumference (WC), two on body fat, and two on body mass index (BMI). The pooled analysis of eligible trials showed that those adhered to the ND lost 1.83 kg [95% confidence interval (CI) - 2.94, - 0.73, P = 0.001] more weight compared to controls. Qualitative assessment of other anthropometric indices also showed a beneficial effect of this dietary pattern in improving body fat and BMI values; however, these findings are not conclusive because of limited number of studies. CONCLUSION Adherence to the ND significantly improves body weight; however, there is also no certainty that this diet is effective for improving other anthropometric indices. Future studies regarding the effect of the ND on weight and body composition in populations other than Nordic populations are highly recommended. Level of evidence Level I, systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Ramezani-Jolfaie
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. .,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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17
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Jurado-Fasoli L, Merchan-Ramirez E, Martinez-Tellez B, Acosta FM, Sanchez-Delgado G, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Muñoz Hernandez V, Martinez-Avila WD, Ortiz-Alvarez L, Xu H, Arias Téllez MJ, Ruiz-López MD, Llamas-Elvira JM, Gil Á, Labayen I, Ruiz JR. Association between dietary factors and brown adipose tissue volume/ 18F-FDG uptake in young adults. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1997-2008. [PMID: 32994069 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between usual dietary factors (dietary energy density, nutrient intake, food group consumption, and dietary pattern) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume/18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake after personalized cold exposure in young healthy adults. METHODS A total of 122 young adults (n = 82 women; 22.0 ± 2.1 years old; 24.8 ± 4.8 kg/m2) took part in this cross-sectional study. Dietary factors were measured via a food frequency questionnaire and three non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Dietary energy density (foods and caloric beverages included) and macronutrient intakes were subsequently estimated using EvalFINUT® software, food group consumption was estimated from the food frequency questionnaire, and different dietary patterns and quality indices were determined according to the reference methods. BAT volume, BAT 18F-FDG uptake, and skeletal muscle 18F-FDG uptake were assessed by static 18F-FDG positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) scans after a 2 h personalized exposure to cold. RESULTS A direct association was detected between dietary energy density and BAT Standardized Uptake Value (SUV)mean (β = 0.215; R2 = 0.044; P = 0.022), and between ethanol consumption and BAT volume (β = 0.215; R2 = 0.044; P = 0.022). The a priori Mediterranean dietary pattern was inversely associated with BAT SUVmean and SUVpeak (β = -0.273; R2 = 0.075; P = 0.003 and β = -0.255; R2 = 0.066; P = 0.005 respectively). In addition, the diet quality index for a Mediterranean diet and a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern (as determined via the dietary inflammatory index) were directly associated with BAT SUVmean and SUVpeak (SUVmean: β = 0.238; R2 = 0.053; P = 0.013 and β = 0.256; R2 = 0.052; P = 0.012 respectively; SUVpeak: β = 0.278; R2 = 0.073; P = 0.003 and β = 0.248; R2 = 0.049; P = 0.016 respectively). After controlling for multiplicity and possible confounders (sex, the evaluation wave and BMI), all the detected associations persisted. CONCLUSION Dietary factors are slightly associated with BAT volume and/or 18F-FDG uptake after a personalized cold exposure in young adults. Our results provide an overall picture of the potential relationships between dietary factors and BAT-related variables in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; EFFECTS 262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Elisa Merchan-Ramirez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Francisco M Acosta
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; EFFECTS 262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Victoria Muñoz Hernandez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Wendy D Martinez-Avila
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Huiwen Xu
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - María José Arias Téllez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independence, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Dolores Ruiz-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Av. Del Conocimiento 12, 3 (a) pta, Armilla, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose M Llamas-Elvira
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Av. Del Conocimiento 12, 3 (a) pta, Armilla, 18016, Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18007, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
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18
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Silveira PP. Using advanced genomics to bring behavior to the table. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:913-914. [PMID: 32860405 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Miller KG, Hartman JM. Influence of physical activity on weight status during the first year of college. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:258-262. [PMID: 30614774 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1539398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To provide an analysis of weight change in response to physical activity levels among first year college students. Participants: First year students (N = 114) participated during the 2012-2013 academic year. Methods: Using a web-based survey, researchers gathered information on physical activity and weight at three points: twice throughout the fall and once at the end of the spring semesters. Results: Over half (56.25%) of respondents reported weight gain (between 0.45 and 13.61 kg) from baseline to 9-month follow-up. Weight gainers reported an average gain of 4.20 kg. More than half of participants were not meeting minimal recommendations for cardiorespiratory fitness (59.5%) and strength (53.2%) by the end of the first year of college. Conclusion: This research provides support for intervention and implementation of strategies to promote self-regulation in college students during the transition to college. Addressing the importance of physical activity in weight maintenance is beneficial to first year students' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn G Miller
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Hartman
- Department of Exercise Science, Gardner-Webb University, Boiling Springs, North Carolina, USA
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20
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Jurado-Fasoli L, Mochon-Benguigui S, Castillo MJ, Amaro-Gahete FJ. Association between sleep quality and time with energy metabolism in sedentary adults. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4598. [PMID: 32165704 PMCID: PMC7067839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of sleep quality and time with basal metabolic rate (BMR) and fuel oxidation in basal conditions and during exercise in sedentary middle-aged adults. We also studied the mediation role of dietary intake and adherence to the traditional Mediterranean Diet in the relationship between sleep parameters and energy metabolism parameters.A secondary analysis of the FIT-AGEING study was undertaken. 70 middle-aged sedentary adults (40-65 years old) participated in the present study. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and wrist accelerometers (ActiSleep, Actigraph, Pensacola, Florida, USA) for 7 consecutive days. BMR was measured with indirect calorimetry and fuel oxidation was estimated through stoichiometric equations. Maximal fat oxidation was determined by a walking graded exercise test and dietary intake with 24 h recalls. Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet was assessed through the PREDIMED questionnaire. PSQI global score (poor sleep quality) was associated with lower basal fat oxidation (BFox), both expressed in g/min and as a percentage of BMR, independently of confounders. We did not find any association between other sleep and energy metabolism parameters. No mediating role of the dietary intake or PREDIMED global score was observed in the association of PSQI and BFox. In conclusion, our study showed that a subjective poor sleep quality was associated with lower BFox, which is not mediated by dietary intake in sedentary adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Sol Mochon-Benguigui
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.
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Avolio E, Gualtieri P, Romano L, Pecorella C, Ferraro S, Palma G, Di Renzo L, De Lorenzo A. Obesity and Body Composition in Man and Woman: Associated Diseases and the New Role of Gut Microbiota. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:216-229. [PMID: 30914014 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190326113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is now recognized as a worldwide health issue and has reached epidemic proportions, affecting both developed and developing countries. The World Obesity Federation stated that "Obesity is a chronic relapsing disease process": as a result, obesity has been recognized internationally as a chronic disease. The primary cause of the metabolic syndrome and increase of the cardiovascular risk have been identified in "sick fat", a condition then defined as adiposopathy. Heart attacks, strokes and renal failures are pathologies that have mid-risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes, which in turn are caused by obesity, whose primary risk factor is represented by the diet. The aim of the present review is to consider the importance of body composition, together with chronic inflammation and a new gut microbiota data that may turn out to be crucial elements of some target treatment of human obesity. METHODS In this review, we performed research using PubMed database reviewing the evidence in the literature of evidence information regarding the link between obesity and body composition in the development of metabolic disease via inflammation markers and in particular, the new role exerted by gut microbiota. RESULTS Several papers were evaluated searching for differences in fat mass and disease risk. We also identified the same papers dealing with differences in body composition and metabolic syndrome. Our attention focuses also on a new frontier of gut microbiota composition in the body weight decrease and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION To the saving of lean mass, for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases, also considering the relationship with obesity, it is necessary to reduce the inflammatory state, acting on the gut-microbiota and on the intestinal permeability. To improve the health of the intestinal flora, we propose a 4P medicine and treatment with probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennio Avolio
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Health Center srl, via Sabotino 56, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paola Gualtieri
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Romano
- School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simona Ferraro
- School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- S.S.D. Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-"Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Dellis D, Tsilingiris D, Eleftheriadou I, Tentolouris A, Sfikakis PP, Dellis G, Karanasiou M, Meimari A, Dimosthenopoulos C, Lazarou S, Tentolouris N. Carbohydrate restriction in the morning increases weight loss effect of a hypocaloric Mediterranean type diet: a randomized, parallel group dietary intervention in overweight and obese subjects. Nutrition 2019; 71:110578. [PMID: 31838462 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effect of carbohydrate restriction in the morning in the framework of a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet on weight loss and metabolic parameters. METHODS Seventy overweight/obese individuals were randomized to two hypocaloric dietary regimens: one Mediterranean diet (Med-D) and one morning carbohydrate-restriction diet (MCR-D). Participants assigned to the MCR-D were permitted to consume a breakfast low in carbohydrate content, whereas typical Mediterranean morning meals were allowed in the Med-D group. Both diets were identical from midday on. Participants were followed over a period of 2 mo. RESULTS Individuals in both groups achieved significant reductions in body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat mass. These reductions were more pronounced in the MCR-D than in the Med-D group (all P < 0.001). More participants in the MCR-D group achieved loss of 5% to 10% of body weight by the end of the first month, as well as 5% to 10% and >10% of body weight by the end of the second month (all P < 0.001). All participants achieved loss of ≥5% baseline body weight by the end of the intervention. Both groups achieved similar reductions in fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and serum triacylglycerols as well as improvement in insulin sensitivity. Individuals in the Med-D group showed reductions in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas no such effect was observed in the MCR-D group. CONCLUSIONS Integration of morning carbohydrate restriction into a Mediterranean-type hypocaloric diet resulted in greater weight loss while retaining metabolic benefits in glycemia-related parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Dellis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Eleftheriadou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Tentolouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos P Sfikakis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Dellis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Menia Karanasiou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Meimari
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Charilaos Dimosthenopoulos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Lazarou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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23
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Dietary differences between metabolically healthy overweight-obese and metabolically unhealthy overweight-obese adults. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:1113-1119. [PMID: 31439053 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine the differences in dietary parameters (energy and nutrient intake, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and consumption of food groups) in metabolically healthy overweight-obese (MHOO) v. metabolically unhealthy overweight-obese (MUOO) middle-aged adults. A total of fifty-one middle-aged adults were classified as MHOO or MUOO. BMI and blood pressure were evaluated following the recommendations. HDL, TAG and blood glycaemia were measured in blood samples. Blood pressure was also assessed. Dietary factors were assessed through three 24-h recalls, a validated FFQ and the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) questionnaire. All variables were evaluated between September and October 2016 and 2017. Our results showed that MHOO individuals registered a higher fish consumption (P = 0·035) and higher compliance (lower consumption) in the commercial sweets and confectionery item of the PREDIMED questionnaire (P = 0·036). No differences were noted in other dietary factors including energy and nutrient intake, consumption of other food groups and in the PREDIMED total score. A near-significant trend toward significance was observed in nuts consumption, wine and fish items of the PREDIMED questionnaire. In conclusion, higher fish consumption and a higher compliance in the commercial sweets and confectionery item of the PREDIMED questionnaire were observed in MHOO middle-aged adults.
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De-la-O A, Jurado-Fasoli L, Castillo MJ, Gracia-Marco L, Gutierrez Á, Amaro-Gahete FJ. Relationship between 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and Body Composition in Middle-Aged Sedentary Adults: The FIT-AGEING Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112567. [PMID: 31652938 PMCID: PMC6893666 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health problem that, in addition to its well-known negative effects on musculoskeletal health, has been related to a wide range of acute and chronic age-related diseases. However, little is known about the association of body composition with the active, hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D plasma levels (1,25(OH)2D). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of 1,25(OH)2D with body composition including lean and fat body mass as well as bone mineral density (BMD) in middle-aged sedentary adults. A total of 73 (39 women) middle-aged sedentary adults (53.7 ± 5.1 years old) participated in the current study. We measured weight and height, and we used dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure lean body mass, fat body mass and BMD. Body mass index (BMI), lean mass index (LMI), and fat mass index (FMI) were calculated. 1,25(OH)2D was measured using a DiaSorin Liaison® immunochemiluminometric analyzer. The results showed a negative association of 1,25(OH)2D with BMI, LMI and BMD (β = −0.274, R2 = 0.075, p = 0.019; β = −0.268, R2 = 0.072, p = 0.022; and β = −0.325, R2 = 0.105, p = 0.005, respectively), which persisted after controlling for age and sex. No significant differences in 1,25(OH)2D across body weight status were observed after controlling for the same covariates. In summary, our results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D could be negatively associated with BMI, LMI and BMD whereas no association was found with FMI in middle-aged sedentary adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro De-la-O
- EFFECTS 262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- EFFECTS 262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- EFFECTS 262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Ángel Gutierrez
- EFFECTS 262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS 262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Yashiro H, Hamagami K, Hiyoshi H, Sugama J, Tsuchimori K, Yamaguchi F, Moritoh Y, Sasaki M, Maekawa T, Yamada Y, Watanabe M. SCO-792, an enteropeptidase inhibitor, improves disease status of diabetes and obesity in mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:2228-2239. [PMID: 31144422 PMCID: PMC6771630 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Enteropeptidase is a serine protease localized on the duodenal brush border that catalyzes the conversion of inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin, thereby regulating protein breakdown in the gut. We evaluated the effects of SCO-792, a novel enteropeptidase inhibitor, in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo inhibition of enteropeptidase was evaluated via an oral protein challenge. Pharmacological effects were evaluated in normal mice, in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and in obese and diabetic ob/ob mice. RESULTS A single oral administration of SCO-792 inhibited plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in an oral protein challenge test in mice, indicating in vivo inhibition of enteropeptidase. Repeated treatment with SCO-792 induced reduction in food intake and decrease in body weight in DIO and ob/ob mice. Plasma FGF21 levels were increased in SCO-792-treated DIO mice, an observation that was probably independent of reduction in food intake. Hyperglycaemia was markedly improved in SCO-792-treated ob/ob mice. A hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp study revealed improved muscle insulin sensitivity in SCO-792-treated ob/ob mice. SCO-792 also improved plasma and liver lipid profiles and decreased plasma alanine transaminase, suggesting a potential treatment for liver diseases. Dietary supplementation with essential amino acids attenuated the effect of SCO-792 on reduction in food intake and decrease in body weight in normal mice, suggesting a pivotal role for enteropeptidase in these biological phenomena. CONCLUSIONS SCO-792 inhibited enteropeptidase in vivo, reduced food intake, decreased body weight, increased insulin sensitivity, improved glucose and lipid control, and ameliorated liver parameters in mouse models with obesity and/or diabetes. SCO-792 may exhibit similar effects in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yashiro
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedKanagawaJapan
| | - Kenichi Hamagami
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedKanagawaJapan
| | - Hideyuki Hiyoshi
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedKanagawaJapan
| | - Jun Sugama
- Research and Development DivisionSCOHIA PHARMA, Inc.KanagawaJapan
| | - Kazue Tsuchimori
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedKanagawaJapan
| | | | - Yusuke Moritoh
- Research and Development DivisionSCOHIA PHARMA, Inc.KanagawaJapan
| | - Minoru Sasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedKanagawaJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Maekawa
- Research and Development DivisionSCOHIA PHARMA, Inc.KanagawaJapan
| | - Yukio Yamada
- Research and Development DivisionSCOHIA PHARMA, Inc.KanagawaJapan
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Sares-Jäske L, Knekt P, Männistö S, Lindfors O, Heliövaara M. Self-Report Dieters: Who Are They? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081789. [PMID: 31382439 PMCID: PMC6723801 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dieting attempts have become popular worldwide. Dieting, however, seems to have both positive and negative health-related consequences. So far, only a few studies have focused on the determinants of dieting in detail. This study explores the association between self-report dieting attempts and intentional weight loss (IWL) during the previous year and several demographic, lifestyle, health, and psychological factors in a cross-sectional study design using data from the representative Finnish Health 2000 Survey. The sample comprised 2147 men and 2378 women, aged 30–69. Information for potential determinants was assembled via health examinations, interviews, and questionnaires. Approximately 24% of the men and 39% of the women reported dieting attempts and 10% of the men and 15% of the women reported IWL. Dieting attempts were associated with younger age, education, BMI, formerly smoking, more favourable values in lifestyle variables, and unfavorable values in serum HDL and triglycerides, a worse sense of coherence, concerns about one’s appearance, and concerns about one’s health. Among men, diabetics and those sleeping ≤6 h a night more frequently reported dieting attempts and those with osteoarthritis reported IWL. Moreover, the gradient between BMI and dieting attempts was significantly stronger in men than in women. Men seem to attempt dieting when they have actual health-related reasons, while such reasons are not so strongly associated with dieting in women. These findings can be used for determining subpopulations with obesity and real weight-loss needs and, alternatively, subpopulations with normal weight unnecessarily attempting dieting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sares-Jäske
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Paul Knekt
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olavi Lindfors
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Heliövaara
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Vasiljevic M, Fuller G, Pilling M, Hollands GJ, Pechey R, Jebb SA, Marteau TM. What is the impact of increasing the prominence of calorie labelling? A stepped wedge randomised controlled pilot trial in worksite cafeterias. Appetite 2019; 141:104304. [PMID: 31152762 PMCID: PMC8161726 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Calorie labelling may help to reduce energy consumption, but few well-controlled experimental studies have been conducted in real world settings. In a previous randomised controlled pilot trial we did not observe an effect of calorie labelling on energy purchased in worksite cafeterias. In the present study we sought to enhance the effect by making the labels more prominent, and to address the operational challenges reported previously by worksites. Methods Three worksite cafeterias were randomised in a stepped wedge design to start the intervention at one of three fortnightly periods between March and July 2018. The intervention comprised introducing prominent calorie labelling for all cafeteria products for which calorie information was available (on average 87% of products offered across the three sites were labelled). Calorie content was displayed in bold capitalised Verdana typeface with a minimum font size of 14 e.g.120 CALORIES. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed using post-intervention surveys with cafeteria patrons and semi-structured interviews with managers. Effectiveness was assessed using total daily energy (kcal) purchased from intervention items across the three sites, analysed using semi-parametric GAMLSS models. Results Recruitment and retention of worksite cafeterias proved feasible: all three randomised sites successfully completed the study. Post-intervention feedback suggested high levels of intervention acceptability: 87% of responding patrons wanted calorie labelling to remain in place. No effect of the intervention on daily energy purchased was observed: −0.6% (95%CI -2.5 to 1.2, p = .487). By-site analyses showed similar null effects at each of the three sites, all ps > .110. Conclusions There was no evidence that prominent calorie labelling changed daily energy purchased across three English-based worksite cafeterias. The intervention was feasible to implement and acceptable to patrons and managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Vasiljevic
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, UK.
| | - Georgia Fuller
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Mark Pilling
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Gareth J Hollands
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Rachel Pechey
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Theresa M Marteau
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Mehran R, Chandrasekhar J, Davis S, Nathan S, Hill R, Hearne S, Vismara V, Pyo R, Gharib E, Hawa Z, Chrysant G, Kandzari D, Underwood P, Allocco DJ, Batchelor W. Impact of Race and Ethnicity on the Clinical and Angiographic Characteristics, Social Determinants of Health, and 1-Year Outcomes After Everolimus-Eluting Coronary Stent Procedures in Women. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 12:e006918. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.118.006918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Mehran
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (R.M., J.C.)
| | - Jaya Chandrasekhar
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (R.M., J.C.)
- Box Hill Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (J.C.)
| | - Scott Davis
- Interventional Cardiology, Baptist Hospital, Little Rock, AR (S.D.)
| | | | - Roger Hill
- Interventional Cardiology, St Bernards Heart and Vascular, Jonesboro, AR (R.H.)
| | - Steven Hearne
- Department of Cardiology, Delmarva Heart Research Foundation, Salisbury, MD (S.H.)
| | - Vince Vismara
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Palmetto Health, Columbia, SC (V.V.)
| | - Robert Pyo
- Interventional Cardiology, Stony Brook Medicine and the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories, Stony Brook University Hospital, NY (R.P.)
| | - Elie Gharib
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, CAMC Clinical Trials Center, Charleston, WV (E.G.)
| | - Zafir Hawa
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, North Kansas City Hospital, MO (Z.H.)
| | - George Chrysant
- Department of Cardiology, INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City (G.C.)
| | - David Kandzari
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, GA (D.K.)
| | - Paul Underwood
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Boston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, MA (P.U., D.J.A.)
| | - Dominic J. Allocco
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Boston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, MA (P.U., D.J.A.)
| | - Wayne Batchelor
- Interventional Heart Program, Inova Health System, Inova Heart & Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (W.B.)
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Zhang X, Shao S, Zhao L, Yang R, Zhao M, Fang L, Li M, Chen W, Song Y, Xu C, Zhou X, Zhao J, Gao L. ER stress contributes to high-fat diet-induced decrease of thyroglobulin and hypothyroidism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E510-E518. [PMID: 30620634 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00194.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies revealed the emerging role of excess uptake of lipids in the development of hypothyroidism. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. We investigated the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on thyroid function and the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in HFD-induced hypothyroidism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with HFD or control diet for 18 wk. HFD rats showed an impaired thyroid function, with decreased thyroglobulin (Tg) level. We found the ER stress was triggered in HFD rat thyroid glands and palmitate-treated thyrocytes. Luminal swelling of ER in thyroid epithelial cells of HFD rats was also observed. The rate of Tg degradation increased in palmitate-treated thyrocytes. In addition, applying 4-phenyl butyric acid to alleviate ER stress in HFD rats improved the decrease of Tg and thyroid function. Withdrawal of the HFD improved thyroid function . In conclusion, we demonstrate that ER stress mediates the HFD-induced hypothyroidism, probably by impairing the production of Tg, and attenuation of ER stress improves thyroid function. Our study provides the understanding of how HFD induces hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Shanshan Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Rui Yang
- Experimental Animal Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Mengzhu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Shandong , China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
| | - Ling Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji-nan, Shandong , China
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Positioning food standards programmes to protect public health: current performance, future opportunities and necessary reforms. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:912-926. [PMID: 30816085 PMCID: PMC6521792 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018003786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess current performance and identify opportunities and reforms necessary for positioning a food standards programme to help protect public health against dietary risk factors. DESIGN A case study design in which a food standards programme's public health protection performance was analysed against an adapted Donabedian model for assessing health-care quality. The criteria were the food standards programme's structure (governance arrangements and membership of its decision-making committees), process (decision-making tools, public engagement and transparency) and food standards outcomes, which provided the information base on which performance quality was inferred. SETTING The Australia and New Zealand food standards programme.ParticipantsThe structure, process and outcomes of the Programme. RESULTS The Programme's structure and processes produce food standards outcomes that perform well in protecting public health from risks associated with nutrient intake excess or inadequacy. The Programme performs less well in protecting public health from the proliferation and marketing of 'discretionary' foods that can exacerbate dietary risks. Opportunities to set food standards to help protect public health against dietary risks are identified. CONCLUSIONS The structures and decision-making processes used in food standards programmes need to be reformed so they are fit for purpose for helping combat dietary risks caused by dietary excess and imbalances. Priorities include reforming the risk analysis framework, including the nutrient profiling scoring criterion, by extending their nutrition science orientation from a nutrient (reductionist) paradigm to be more inclusive of a food/diet (holistic) paradigm.
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Could the high consumption of high glycaemic index carbohydrates and sugars, associated with the nutritional transition to the Western type of diet, be the common cause of the obesity epidemic and the worldwide increasing incidences of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes? Med Hypotheses 2019; 125:41-50. [PMID: 30902150 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The globally increasing incidences of Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) can have a common background. If challenged by the contemporary high level of nutritional glucose stimulation, the β-cells in genetically predisposed individuals are at risk for damage which can lead to the diseases. The fat to carbohydrate dietary shift can also contribute to the associated obesity epidemic.
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Canter RJ, Le CT, Beerthuijzen JM, Murphy WJ. Obesity as an immune-modifying factor in cancer immunotherapy. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:487-497. [PMID: 29762866 PMCID: PMC6113103 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ri1017-401rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has achieved breakthrough status in many advanced stage malignancies and is rapidly becoming the fourth arm of cancer treatment. Although cancer immunotherapy has generated significant excitement because of the potential for complete and sometimes durable responses, there is also the potential for severe and occasionally life-threatening toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome and severe autoimmunity. A large body of work also points to a "metainflammatory" state in obesity associated with impairment of immune responses. Because immune checkpoint blockade (and other cancer immunotherapies) have altered the landscape of immunotherapy in cancer, it is important to understand how immune responses are shaped by obesity and how obesity may modify both immunotherapy responses and potential toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Canter
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Catherine T Le
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Johanna M.T. Beerthuijzen
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - William J. Murphy
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
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Joyce JM, Rosenkranz RR, Rosenkranz SK. Variation in Nutritional Quality of School Lunches With Implementation of National School Lunch Program Guidelines. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2018; 88:636-643. [PMID: 30133780 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School lunches must meet National School Lunch Program (NSLP) requirements to receive reimbursement. In this study, we sought to determine whether there are significant differences in nutrient content and nutritional quality between 2 menus meeting NSLP requirements. METHODS A cross-sectional content analysis compared 6 weeks of a typical school lunch menu (TM) from an actual school district to a best practice school lunch menu (BPM) created by a registered dietitian based on Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) best practices and Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) healthy meal pattern recommendations. Daily nutrient content was determined using nutrient analysis software. Nutritional quality was computed using Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010. RESULTS For nutrients required for analysis, the BPM was lower in calories, saturated fat, and sodium and higher in protein, carbohydrate, and fiber (ps < .01). For other nutrients of concern, the BPM was higher in vitamin A, vitamin D, phosphorus, and magnesium (ps < .01). The BPM had higher HEI scores for nutritional quality (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate the possibility for significant variation in nutritional quality of NSLP-qualifying lunches. Using CACFP best practices and DGA recommendations may significantly impact school lunch dietary quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Joyce
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, College of Human Ecology, Kansas State University; Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, Kansas State University, Lafene Student Health Center, 1105 Sunset Avenue, Room 324, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Richard R Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, College of Human Ecology, Kansas State University; Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, Kansas State University, Lafene Student Health Center, 1105 Sunset Avenue, Room 321, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, College of Human Ecology, Kansas State University; Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, Kansas State University, Lafene Student Health Center, 1105 Sunset Avenue, Room 322, Manhattan, KS 66506
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Ishihara H, Yamaguchi S, Nakao I, Sakatani T. Ipragliflozin Add-on Therapy to a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (AGATE): A 52-Week Open-Label Study. Diabetes Ther 2018; 9:1549-1567. [PMID: 29926400 PMCID: PMC6064587 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-018-0455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few data are available regarding ipragliflozin treatment in combination with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in combination with GLP-1 receptor agonists in Japanese patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS This multicenter study (consisting of three periods: a 4-week washout period, a 6-week observation period, and a 52-week open-label treatment period) included patients aged ≥ 20 years who received a stable dose/regimen of a GLP-1 receptor agonist either solely or in combination therapy with a sulfonylurea for ≥ 6 weeks, with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of ≥ 7.5% and a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of ≥ 126 mg/dL. Ipragliflozin treatment was given at a fixed dose of 50 mg/day for 20 weeks, followed by 50 or 100 mg/day for 32 weeks. Changes from baseline in glycemic control and other parameters were examined; safety was also assessed. RESULTS The mean changes in HbA1c and body weight from baseline to end of treatment were - 0.92% and - 2.69 kg, respectively, in all ipragliflozin-treated patients (n = 103). Overall, sustained reductions from baseline were observed for HbA1c, FPG, self-monitored blood glucose, and body weight during the 52-week treatment. The dose increase of ipragliflozin to 100 mg/day resulted in better glycemic control and weight reduction for patients in whom the 50-mg dose was insufficient. Overall, 46.6% (48/103) of patients experienced drug-related adverse events. The most common drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events were pollakiuria (9.7%), hypoglycemia (8.7%), constipation (6.8%), and thirst (5.8%). CONCLUSION Combined therapy with ipragliflozin and GLP-1 receptor agonists/sulfonylureas was significantly efficacious in reducing glycemic parameters in patients with T2DM with inadequate glycemic control, and no major safety concerns were identified. The results from this study suggest that ipragliflozin can be recommended as a well-tolerated and effective add-on therapy to a GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of T2DM. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02291874). FUNDING Astellas Pharma Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisamitsu Ishihara
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Susumu Yamaguchi
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-5-1 Nihonbashi-Honcho Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8411, Japan
| | - Ikko Nakao
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-5-1 Nihonbashi-Honcho Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8411, Japan
| | - Taishi Sakatani
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-5-1 Nihonbashi-Honcho Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8411, Japan
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Mozaffarian D, Rosenberg I, Uauy R. History of modern nutrition science-implications for current research, dietary guidelines, and food policy. BMJ 2018; 361:k2392. [PMID: 29899124 PMCID: PMC5998735 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k2392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston MA, USA
| | - Irwin Rosenberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston MA, USA
| | - Ricardo Uauy
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, UK
- Instituto de Nutricion, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Sammugam L, Pasupuleti VR. Balanced diets in food systems: Emerging trends and challenges for human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2746-2759. [PMID: 29693412 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1468729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Processed foods, generally known as modified raw foods produced by innovative processing technologies alters the food constituents such natural enzymes, fatty acids, micronutrients, macronutrients and vitamins. In contrast to fresh and unprocessed foods, processed foods are guaranteed to be safer, imperishable, long lasting and consist high level of nutrients bioactivity. Currently, the evolution in food processing technologies is necessary to face food security and safety, nutrition demand, its availability and also other global challenges in the food system. In this scenario, this review consists of information on two food processing technologies, which effects on processed foods before and after processing and the impact of food products on human health. It is also very well established that understanding the type and structure of foods to be processed can assist food processing industries towards advancement of novel food products. In connection with this fact, the present article also discusses the emerging trends and possible modifications in food processing technologies with the combination of conventional and modern techniques to get the suitable nutritional and safety qualities in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhsmi Sammugam
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan , Campus Jeli, Jeli , Malaysia
| | - Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan , Campus Jeli, Jeli , Malaysia.,Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan , Campus Jeli, Jeli , Malaysia
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Mulè S, Falla M, Conti A, Castiglione D, Blanco I, Platania A, D'Urso M, Marranzano M. Macronutrient and Major Food Group Intake in a Cohort of Southern Italian Adults. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7040058. [PMID: 29662045 PMCID: PMC5946124 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary intake of macronutrient and foods is considered crucial to decrease the risk of diet-related non-communicable diseases. Methods: The aim of this study was to describe the intake of major food groups and macronutrients in a random sample of 1838 southern Italian adults. Results: No significant differences of macronutrient consumption between sexes were found. By contrast, younger individuals had significantly higher intake of animal protein than older ones. Men reported consuming significantly more total processed meats and less eggs than women; egg consumption significantly increased by age groups. Significantly lower intake of fruit in the younger age group compared to older ones was found. Various patterns of correlation between food groups were described. More than half of individuals reached the suggested recommendations for carbohydrate and fiber intake, and about two-thirds met the recommendations for total protein and cholesterol intake, while only a minority met for total fat intake. Total and plant protein, monounsaturated and omega-6 fatty acids, were significantly inversely related with BMI (body mass index), while trans fatty acids and cholesterol were directly correlated. A direct association with unprocessed meats and an inverse association with processed meats was also found. Conclusions: The overall findings suggest that relatively healthy dietary habits are common in southern Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Mulè
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Mariagiovanna Falla
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Conti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Dora Castiglione
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Isabella Blanco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Armando Platania
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Maurizio D'Urso
- Provincial Health Authority of Catania, 95127 Catania, Italy.
| | - Marina Marranzano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Li J, Riaz Rajoka MS, Shao D, Jiang C, Jin M, Huang Q, Yang H, Shi J. Strategies to increase the efficacy of using gut microbiota for the modulation of obesity. Obes Rev 2017; 18:1260-1271. [PMID: 28742949 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most serious global public health challenges of the 21st century. The adjustment of gut microbiota is often recommended as an efficient strategy to treat obesity. This modulation of gut microbiota can be performed by many methods, including dietary intervention, antibiotic application, the use of prebiotics and probiotics, bariatric surgery and faecal microbiota transplantation. In most cases, positive effects have been observed in response to treatment, but invalid and even contrary effects have also been observed in some cases due to factors that are unrelated to intervention methods, such as genetic factors, patient age or gender, environmental microbiota, climate, geography and lifestyle. These factors can cause variation of gut microbial populations and thus should also be taken into consideration when selecting modulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - M S Riaz Rajoka
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - D Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - C Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - M Jin
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Huang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - H Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - J Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Aguilar-Salinas CA, Bourges-Rodriguez H, Polo-Oteyza E. Prevention of diabetes in Mexico: summary of evidence on preventive interventions presented at the 2014 Nestle Nutrition Conference. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:1-3. [PMID: 28049744 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- C.A. Aguilar-Salinas is with the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico. H. Bourges-Rodriguez is with the Direction of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico. E. Polo-Oteyza is with the Fondo Nestlé para la Nutrición, Fundacion Mexicana para la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Hector Bourges-Rodriguez
- C.A. Aguilar-Salinas is with the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico. H. Bourges-Rodriguez is with the Direction of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico. E. Polo-Oteyza is with the Fondo Nestlé para la Nutrición, Fundacion Mexicana para la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernestina Polo-Oteyza
- C.A. Aguilar-Salinas is with the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico. H. Bourges-Rodriguez is with the Direction of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico. E. Polo-Oteyza is with the Fondo Nestlé para la Nutrición, Fundacion Mexicana para la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
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