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Liu S, Zhao L, Peng Y, Liu X, Yan W, Zhang L, Zhang J. Obesity induced caveolin-1 impairs osteogenesis via activating mitophagy and inhibiting Sirt1 signaling. Bone 2024; 186:117146. [PMID: 38844017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major global health problem and the effect on bone formation has received increasing attention. However, the interaction between obesity and bone metabolism is complex and still not fully understood. Here, we show that caveolin-1 (Cav1), a membrane scaffold protein involved in regulating a variety of cellular processes, plays a key regulatory role as a bridge connecting obesity and bone metabolism. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6J mouse displayed a significant increase in Cav1 expression and lower osteogenic activity; In vitro treatment of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells with 1 mM free fatty acids (FFA) significantly promoted Cav1 expression and PINK1/Parkin regulated mitophagy, but inhibited the expression of osteogenic marker genes. Conversely, reduced expression of the Cav1 gene prevented these effects. Both endogenous oxidative stress and Sirt1 pathway were also significantly reduced after Cav1 knockdown in FFA-treated cells. Finally, Cav1-Sirt1 docking and co-immunoprecipitation results showed that Cav1 interacted with Sirt1 and FFA enhanced the interaction. Taken together, these results suggest that obesity impairs bone development and formation through up-regulation of the Cav1 gene, which lead to inhibition of Sirt1/FOXO1 and Sirt1/PGC-1α signaling pathways through interacting with Sirt1 molecule, and an increase of mitophagy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Bioengineering College, Zhuhai campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- Bioengineering College, Zhuhai campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanqiu Peng
- Bioengineering College, Zhuhai campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Bioengineering College, Zhuhai campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenmin Yan
- Bioengineering College, Zhuhai campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Lizi Zhang
- Bioengineering College, Zhuhai campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Bioengineering College, Zhuhai campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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Emeriau F, Amsellem-Jager J, Bouhours-Nouet N, Donzeau A, Rouleau S, Rerat S, Labarre E, Levaillant L, Coutant R. Insufficient Bone Mineralization to Sustain Mechanical Load of Weight in Obese Boys: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1443-1453. [PMID: 38163968 PMCID: PMC11099483 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The increase in bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in obese children may not sustain the mechanical load associated with weight, and the factors influencing bone mineralization are not well known. OBJECTIVE We described bone mineralization in boys with overweight/obesity and leanness in relation to body composition. METHODS Cross-sectional study in the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit of Angers University Hospital with 249 overweight/obese boys aged 8-18 who underwent DXA and insulin, testosterone, and IGF-1 measurements. Bone mineralization was compared with data from 301 lean boys of similar age and height from NHANES 2011-2015, using the same DXA model. Path analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with total body less head (TBLH) BMC. RESULTS The mean age- and height-adjusted difference in TBLH BMC between obese and lean boys was 241 ± 20 g/cm2. Each 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with +39 ± 6 g of TBLH BMC in lean subjects vs + 25 ± 3 g in obese subjects (P < .05). Each 1 kg/m2 increase in lean BMI (LBMI) was associated with +78 ± 5 g of TBLH BMC in lean and obese boys, and each 1 kg/m2 increase in fat mass index (FMI) was associated with a decrease of 9 ± 3 g of TBLH BMC. The TBLH BMC was directly positively influenced by LBMI and indirectly and positively influenced by IGF-1, testosterone, and insulin (mediated through height and LBMI). FMI indirectly influenced TBLH BMC, both positively through LBMI and negatively through its negative impact on IGF-1 and testosterone. CONCLUSION The increase in bone mineralization in obese children does not adapt to the increase in body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Emeriau
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Jessica Amsellem-Jager
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- Specialized Center for Obesity, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Natacha Bouhours-Nouet
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- Specialized Center for Obesity, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Aurelie Donzeau
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Stephanie Rouleau
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Solène Rerat
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Emmanuelle Labarre
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Lucie Levaillant
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Régis Coutant
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- Specialized Center for Obesity, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
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Zeng J, Qian Y, Yang J, Chen X, Fu C, Che Z, Feng Y, Yin J. Nutritional therapy bridges the critical cut-off point for the closed-loop role of type 2 diabetes and bone homeostasis: A narrative review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28229. [PMID: 38689978 PMCID: PMC11059410 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, osteoporosis-related fractures become the most cutting-edge problem of diabetes-related complications. Rational diet is not only the basis of glycemic management in type 2 diabetes patients, but also the direction of diabetic bone health. This review highlights the importance of micronutrient supplementation (including calcium, magnesium, zinc, vitamin D, vitamin K, and vitamin C) for patients with T2DM, as well as describing the constructive intermediary role of gut flora between T2DM and bone through nutrients predominantly high in dietary fiber. In addition, it is recommended to combine the Mediterranean dietary pattern with other diversified management approaches to prevent OP. Therefore, this provides a theoretical basis for the potential role of islet β-cells in promoting bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zeng
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jizhuo Yang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xinqiang Chen
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chuanwen Fu
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhuohang Che
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuemei Feng
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jianzhong Yin
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Baoshan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoshan, 678000, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratary of Public Health and Biosafety, Kunming, 650500, China
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Falbová D, Kovalčíková V, Beňuš R, Sulis S, Vorobeľová L. Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle and bone mineral density in young adults. Am J Hum Biol 2024; 36:e24009. [PMID: 37990761 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the relationships between the COVID-19 pandemic, lifestyle factors, and their impact on bone mineral density in the radius forearm bone and the total bone mineral content in young adults from Slovakia. METHODS We assessed 773 Slovak young adults aged 18 to 30 years, divided into subgroups on their pandemic status. Bone mineral density (BMD) was analyzed by the QUS device (Sunlight MiniOmni™), and bone mineral content (BMC) and fat mass (FM) were measured by InBody 770 bioimpedance analyzer. Finally, linear regression analysis tested the associations. RESULTS Statistically significant lower speed of sound (SOS) along the length of the forearm radius bone and Z-score values was determined in participants during the COVID-19 pandemic than before it, and statistically significant lower BMC values were observed in the male group during COVID-19 than beforehand. Regression analysis confirmed the negative pandemic effect in the following indices: SOS (p < .001 for women and p = .035 for men), Z-score (p < .001 for women and p = .003 for men), and BMC (p = .024 for men). Vitamin D was a further significant SOS predictor in women at p = .029, but this association was not detected in men. In contrast, the significant male BMC predictors were pandemic presence (p = .028), physical activity (p = .028), and fat mass percentage (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS Significant COVID-19 pandemic effects on bone tissue were determined on bone mass density in the radius forearm bone and the total bone mineral content. These effects establish that the pandemic had a negative impact on both their bone quality and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Falbová
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktória Kovalčíková
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radoslav Beňuš
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Simona Sulis
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Vorobeľová
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Guzel Y, Atakan MM, Areta JL, Turnagol HH, Kosar SN. Ten weeks of low-volume walking training improve cardiometabolic health and body composition in sedentary postmenopausal women with obesity without affecting markers of bone metabolism. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:331-343. [PMID: 35996845 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2113877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of walking exercise to induce a mild energy deficit and to improve body composition and metabolic status in postmenopausal women (PMW) with obesity as means of minimizing endocrine disruption and maintaining bone health. Twenty-four PMW with obesity (age: 55.0 ± 3.7 y, BMI: 32.9 ± 4.2 kg/m2, percent body fat: 46.2 ± 3.6%) were randomly assigned into either exercise (n = 12) or control (n = 12) groups. Exercise group participated in a-10 week supervised progressive walking programme and control group maintained regular habits. Pre- and post-training assessments included body composition, bone mass, peak oxygen uptake (V ˙ O2peak), osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), type I collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX)glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)), leptin and adiponectin. Results: Following the training program, body weight (2.6%; p < 0.001), fat mass (4.5%; p = 0.002), resting glucose (6.8%; p = 0.017), and HbA1c (3.7%; p = 0.047) decreased, while relative V ˙ O2peak (16%; p < 0.001) increased in the exercise group. Leptin, adiponectin, CTX, osteocalcin or BAP did not change in either group. In conclusion, small dose of aerobic exercise improves key markers of metabolic health in PMW with obesity without negatively affecting markers of bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Guzel
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammed M Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jose L Areta
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Huseyin H Turnagol
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sukran N Kosar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Tian N, Chen S, Han H, Jin J, Li Z. Association between triglyceride glucose index and total bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011-2018. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4208. [PMID: 38378872 PMCID: PMC10879154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The Homeostatic Model Assessment for Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG) and its related indices, including triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC), triglyceride glucose-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) and triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), has emerged as a practical tool for assessing insulin resistance in metabolic disorders. However, limited studies have explored the connection between TyG, TyG-related indices and osteoporosis. This population-based study, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018, involved 5456 participants. Through weighted multivariate linear regression and smoothed curve fitting, a significant positive correlation was found between TyG, TyG-related indices and total bone mineral density (BMD) after adjusting for covariates [β = 0.0124, 95% CI (0.0006, 0.0242), P = 0.0390; β = 0.0004, 95% CI (0.0003, 0.0004), P < 0.0001; β = 0.0116, 95% CI (0.0076, 0.0156), P < 0.0001; β = 0.0001, 95% CI (0.0001, 0.0001), P < 0.0001]. In subgroup analysis, race stratification significantly affected the relationship between TyG and total BMD. Additionally, gender and race were both significant for TyG-related indices. Non-linear relationships and threshold effects with inflection points at 9.106, 193.9265, 4.065, and 667.5304 (TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR, TyG-WC) were identified. Saturation phenomena were observed between TyG-BMI, TyG-WC and total BMD with saturation thresholds at 314.177 and 1022.0428. These findings contributed to understanding the association between TyG, TyG-related indices and total BMD, offering insights for osteoporosis prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningsheng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.23, Nanhu Road, Jianye District, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.23, Nanhu Road, Jianye District, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.23, Nanhu Road, Jianye District, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.23, Nanhu Road, Jianye District, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.23, Nanhu Road, Jianye District, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Huang Y, Le S, Jiang H, Ruan B, Ao X, Shi X, Fu X, Wang S. The effect of overweight or obesity on osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2457-2467. [PMID: 37925778 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and obesity are closely related, and the relationships between different types of obesity and osteoporosis are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to summarize earlier data concerning the association between osteoporosis and obesity (general and central), and to compare the impacts of these two obesity indicators on osteoporosis. METHODS From inception to May 2021, a comprehensive search in electronic bibliographic databases was conducted, and the search was updated in December 2021, July 2022 and June 2023. The data were independently extracted and evaluated by two investigators from epidemiological studies that reported the impact of obesity on the odds of incident osteoporosis. RESULTS There were 24 studies included in the final analysis when it came to general obesity measured by body mass index (BMI). Individuals with overweight and obesity had decreased odds of osteoporosis (odds ratio (OR), 0.451, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.366-0.557). Sensitivity analyses showed that both overweight and obesity were decreased odds of osteoporosis, with reductions of 48.6% and 70.1%, respectively (OR, 0.514, 95% CI: 0.407-0.649; OR, 0.299, 95% CI: 0.207-0.433). Conversely, individuals classified as underweight were found to have higher odds of osteoporosis (OR, 2.540, 95% CI: 1.483-4.350). In term of central obesity, the final analysis consisted of 7 studies. No significant association was observed between central obesity and osteoporosis (OR, 0.913, 95% CI: 0.761-1.096). CONCLUSIONS General overweight and obesity were associated with lower odds of developing osteoporosis, whereas underweight was associated with higher odds. However, central obesity did not show a significant association with osteoporosis. These findings underscore the importance of considering the impact of obesity on osteoporosis. Further research is necessary to reinforce the evidence and validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siyu Le
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huinan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Binye Ruan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Ao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xudong Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Shuran Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Lin Y, Wang X, Wu R, Zhou J, Feng F. Association between segmental body composition and bone mineral density in US adults: results from the NHANES (2011-2018). BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:246. [PMID: 37940909 PMCID: PMC10634103 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01506-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between segmental body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) remains uncertain. The primary aim of this cross-sectional investigation was to elucidate the connection between segmental body composition and BMD within the United States adult population. METHODS We selected a cohort of 10,096 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, with a mean age of 39 years and a mean BMI of 28.5 kg/m². The parameter of segmental body composition was achieved by quantifying body fat and lean mass percentages across various anatomical regions, including the torso, Android, Gynoid, arms and legs. We conducted a weighted multivariate linear regression analysis to investigate the association between segmental body composition and total BMD. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed based on age and gender. RESULTS We found an inverse association between fat proportion in each anatomical region and total BMD, with the arm and leg regions demonstrating the most significant negative correlation. Conversely, a positive correlation was observed between lean mass and BMD across all anatomical regions. These associations remained consistent in subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION Our investigation revealed a negative association between adipose levels in various anatomical regions and BMD among Americans aged 20 to 59. Importantly, higher fat proportion in the extremities exerted the most deleterious impact on BMD. Furthermore, an increase in lean mass within each anatomical region was ascertained to confer a positive effect on bone health. Consequently, the evaluation of segmental body composition is well-positioned to predict bone health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanze Lin
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiji Wu
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Jinlei Zhou
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fabo Feng
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Tavares NHC, Rodrigues BC, Arruda SPM, Szlejf C, Suemoto CK, Griep RH, Diniz MDFHS, Giatti L, Barreto SM, Araújo LF. Untangle the relationship of muscle mass and bone mineral content on handgrip strength: Results of ELSA-Brasil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:3191-3204. [PMID: 37971003 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320232811.19372022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the independent association of muscle mass (MM) and bone mineral content (BMC) in the performance of the handgrip strength (HGS) test and whether there is effect modification by sex and age. In 12,491 participants from the ELSA-Brasil we estimated the associations between MM, BMC and HGS using linear regression models. All the analyses were performed for total population, also stratified for sex and age. For total population an interaction term was included between each explanatory variable of interest with sex and age to verify the presence of effect modification. We observed that the higher quintiles of MM and BMC were associated to an increasing in the mean of HGS compared to the first quintile, with greater magnitudes in men compared to women, also adults compared to elderly. When we estimated the independent effect of each exposure of interest, MM showed stronger effect in HGS in women, men and adults then BMC. In conclusion, we observed that higher amounts of MM and BMC are associated with higher HGS, regardless of sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions and lifestyle, with this effect being greater in men and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayranne Hivina Carvalho Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Ceará. Av. Prof. Costa Mendes 1608, Bloco Didático, 5º andar, Rodolfo Teófilo. 60430-140 Fortaleza CE Brasil.
| | - Brena Custodio Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Ceará. Av. Prof. Costa Mendes 1608, Bloco Didático, 5º andar, Rodolfo Teófilo. 60430-140 Fortaleza CE Brasil.
| | | | - Claudia Szlejf
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo SP Brasil
| | - Claudia Kimie Suemoto
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo SP Brasil
| | - Rosane Harter Griep
- Laboratório de Educação em Ambiente e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz. Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil
| | - Maria de F H S Diniz
- Faculdade de Medicina & Hospital das Clínicas/EBSER, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Luana Giatti
- Faculdade de Medicina & Hospital das Clínicas/EBSER, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Sandhi M Barreto
- Faculdade de Medicina & Hospital das Clínicas/EBSER, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Larissa Fortunato Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Ceará. Av. Prof. Costa Mendes 1608, Bloco Didático, 5º andar, Rodolfo Teófilo. 60430-140 Fortaleza CE Brasil.
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Bertizlioglu M, Kebapcilar AG, Kebapcilar L, Akyürek F, Sert ZS, Celik C. Association Between Plasma Sclerostin Levels and Body Mass Index in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Cureus 2023; 15:e48875. [PMID: 38111425 PMCID: PMC10726071 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is recognized as one of the most common endocrine pathologies in females of reproductive age worldwide. This study investigated the relationship between serum sclerostin levels and body mass index (BMI) in women with PCOS. Methods Women aged 18-40 years who presented to our clinic between January 1, 2019, and January 1, 2020, and were diagnosed with PCOS were included in this study. The patients' clinical and laboratory data were recorded, and waist circumference, hip circumference, and BMI values were calculated. The patients with a BMI of >25 kg/m2 were evaluated as Group I, those with a BMI of <18.5 kg/m2 as Group II, and those with a BMI of 18.5-25 kg/m2 as Group III. Serum sclerostin levels were compared between the BMI groups. Results The study included 90 patients. The mean BMI values were 32.2±2.1, 17.0±0.9, and 22.9±2.1 kg/m2 for Groups I, II, and III, respectively. We detected a statistically significant difference in serum sclerostin levels between Group II and Group I (p<0.005). There was a significant, positive correlation between the sclerostin level and BMI (r=0.258, p=0.014), weight (r=0.237, p=0.044), waist measurement (r=0.225, p=0.045), and hip measurement (r=0.225, p=0.033). Conclusion This study revealed that abnormal body composition in PCOS could alter circulating sclerostin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Bertizlioglu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Konya City Hospital, Konya, TUR
| | - Ayse Gül Kebapcilar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medova Private Hospital, Konya, TUR
| | | | - Fikret Akyürek
- Department of Biochemistry, Selçuk University Medical School, Konya, TUR
| | - Zekiye Soykan Sert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aksaray University Medical School, Aksaray, TUR
| | - Cetin Celik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Selçuk University Medical School, Konya, TUR
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Yao W, Luo J, Ao L, Cheng H, Lu S, Liu J, Lu K, Mi J, Yang Y, Liu L. Association of total body fat and fat distribution with bone mineral density among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years from Guangzhou, China. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:1115-1126. [PMID: 36580174 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the associations of total body fat and fat distribution with bone mineral density (BMD) among children and adolescents in this cross-sectional study. A total of 1032 boys and 897 girls aged 6-17 years were enrolled between May 2019 and June 2019 in Guangzhou, China. BMD, total body fat (fat mass index [FMI] and body fat percentage [BF%]), and fat distribution (trunk-to-limb and android-to-gynoid ratios) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Inverse probability of treatment weighting regression was used to explore the association between fat and BMD. Traditional regression of covariate adjustment was applied as sensitivity analysis. Regression with inverse probability weighting suggested BF% and android-to-gynoid ratio were negatively associated with BMD in boys (β = - 0.12 and - 0.16, respectively; P < 0.05). Android-to-gynoid ratio was also inversely associated with BMD in girls (β = - 0.08, P < 0.05). When stratified by age, the negative associations were retained in boys aged 12-17 years (β = - 0.23 and - 0.25, respectively; P < 0.001). But for girls, it showed a positive association of FMI with BMD in the 6-9 years group (β = 0.33, P < 0.001) and a negative association between the android-to-gynoid ratio and BMD in the 10-17 years group (β = - 0.10, P < 0.05). Traditional regression supported the robustness of the results. Conclusion: Total body fat is positively associated with BMD in younger girls but inversely associated in older boys. As for abdominal adipose, it is associated with lower BMD in both older boys and girls. What is Known: • The lean mass has been consistently positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD) among children and adolescents. However, the impact of fat mass on BMD remained controversial. • Beyond total body fat, site-specific fat mass, especially abdominal adiposity, might impede bone formation. What is New: • The associations of total body fat and fat distribution with BMD in children and adolescents were gender- and age-specific. • More attention should be paid to the abdominal fat accumulation to promote bone health in older children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwen Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Jiepeng Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Liping Ao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Junting Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Keyuan Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China.
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12
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Yuan C, Wang J, Zhang W, Yi H, Shu B, Li C, Liang Q, Liang D, Chen B, Xie X, Lin X, Wei X, Wang H, Chen P, Huang C, Xu H, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Shi Q, Tang D, Wang Y. Effects of obesity with reduced 25(OH)D levels on bone health in elderly Chinese people: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162175. [PMID: 37180138 PMCID: PMC10172581 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is often accompanied by lower 25(OH)D levels, whereas these two parameters exhibit opposite effects on bone health. It is uncertain what are the effects of lower 25(OH)D levels in obesity on bone health in elderly Chinese people. Methods A nationally representative cross-sectional analysis of China Community-based Cohort of Osteoporosis (CCCO) was performed from 2016 to 2021, which consisted of 22,081 participants. Demographic data, disease history, Body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), the levels of the biomarkers of vitamin D status and those of bone metabolism markers were measured for all participants (N = 22,081). The genes (rs12785878, rs10741657, rs4588, rs7041, rs2282679 and rs6013897) related to 25(OH)D transportation and metabolism were performed in a selected subgroup (N = 6008). Results Obese subjects exhibited lower 25(OH)D levels (p < 0.05) and higher BMD (p < 0.001) compared with those of normal subjects following adjustment. The genotypes and allele frequency of rs12785878, rs10741657, rs6013897, rs2282679, rs4588 and rs7041 indicated no significant differences among three BMI groups following correction by the Bonferroni's method (p > 0.05). The levels of total 25(OH)D (ToVD) were significantly different among the GC1F, GC1S and GC2 haplotype groups (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that ToVD levels were significantly correlated with parathyroid hormone levels, BMD, risk of osteoporosis (OP) and the concentration levels of other bone metabolism markers (p < 0.05). Generalized varying coefficient models demonstrated that the increasing BMI, ToVD levels and their interactions were positively associated with BMD outcomes (p < 0.001), whereas the reduced levels of ToVD and BMI increased the risk of OP, which was noted notably for the subjects with reduced ToVD levels (less than 20.69 ng/ml) combined with decreased BMI (less than 24.05 kg/m2). Conclusion There was a non-linear interaction of BMI and 25(OH)D. And higher BMI accompanied by decreased 25(OH)D levels is associated with increased BMD and decreased incidence of OP, optimal ranges exist for BMI and 25(OH)D levels. The cutoff value of BMI at approximately 24.05 kg/m2 combined with an approximate value of 25(OH)D at 20.69 ng/ml are beneficial for Chinese elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Yuan
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Academic Research Center of Shixiaoshan’ Traumatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honggang Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Shu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai, China
- Academic Research Center of Shixiaoshan’ Traumatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai, China
- Academic Research Center of Shixiaoshan’ Traumatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai, China
- Academic Research Center of Shixiaoshan’ Traumatology, Shanghai, China
| | - De Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolai Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingwen Xie
- The Second People’s Hospital of Gansu Province, Gansu, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Gansu, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinchao Lin
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wei
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peizhan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai, China
| | - Yueli Sun
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjian Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai, China
- Academic Research Center of Shixiaoshan’ Traumatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dezhi Tang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai, China
- Academic Research Center of Shixiaoshan’ Traumatology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yongjun Wang, ; Dezhi Tang,
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai, China
- Academic Research Center of Shixiaoshan’ Traumatology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yongjun Wang, ; Dezhi Tang,
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Vilaca T, Evans A, Gossiel F, Paggiosi M, Eastell R, Walsh JS. Fat, adipokines, bone structure and bone regulatory factors associations in obesity. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 187:743-750. [PMID: 36173650 PMCID: PMC9641785 DOI: 10.1530/eje-22-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obese (OB) adults (BMI ≥ 30) have a higher bone mineral density (BMD) and more favourable bone microarchitecture than normal-weight (NW) adults (BMI 18.5-24.9). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify which fat compartments have the strongest association with bone density and bone turnover and whether biochemical factors (adipokines, hormones and bone regulators) are likely to be important mediators of the effect of obesity on bone. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional, observational, matched case-control study. SETTING Participants were recruited from the local community. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred healthy men and women aged 25-40 or 55-75 were recruited in individually matched OB and NW pairs. Body composition, BMD and bone microarchitecture were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), computed tomography (CT) and high-resolution peripheral CT (HR-pQCT). Bone turnover and potential regulators such as C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide (CTX), type 1 procollagen N-terminal peptide (PINP), sclerostin, periostin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), adiponectin, leptin and insulin were assessed. MAIN OUTCOME Planned exploratory analysis of the relationships between fat compartments, areal and volumetric BMD, bone microarchitecture, bone turnover markers and bone regulators. RESULTS Compared with NW, OB had lower CTX, PINP, adiponectin, IGF1, and 25OHD and higher leptin, PTH and insulin (all P < 0.05). CTX and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were the bone marker and fat compartment most consistently associated with areal and volumetric BMD. In regression models, SAT was negatively associated with CTX (P < 0.001). When leptin was added to the model, SAT was no longer associated with CTX, but leptin (P < 0.05) was negatively associated with CTX. CONCLUSIONS SAT is associated with lower bone resorption and properties favourable for bone strength in obesity. Leptin may be an important mediator of the effects of SAT on the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vilaca
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to T Vilaca;
| | - A Evans
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - F Gossiel
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Paggiosi
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - R Eastell
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J S Walsh
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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14
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Dunne A, Warrington G, McGoldrick A, Pugh J, Harrison M, Cullen S. Body Composition and Bone Health Status of Jockeys: Current Findings, Assessment Methods and Classification Criteria. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:23. [PMID: 35157162 PMCID: PMC8844321 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractJockeys are unlike other weight-making athletes as the sport of horse racing requires strict weight management to meet the racing stipulations, protracted working hours and an extended racing season with limited downtime. Several studies have reported on the body composition and bone status of male and female professional and retired jockeys, yet the variety of assessment techniques, lack of standardised testing protocols and classification inconsistency make interpretation and comparison between studies problematic. This review aimed to appraise the existing body composition and bone health evidence in jockeys and evaluate the assessment methods and classification criteria used. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been used most frequently in jockey research to assess body composition and bone status, while various generic skinfold equations have been used to predict body fat percentage. Evidence indicates flat jockeys are now taller and heavier than the data reported in earlier studies. Absolute fat mass has steadily increased in male jockeys in the last decade. The bone status of male jockeys remains a concern as constant low bone density (BMD) is evident in a large percentage of young and experienced professional jockeys. Due to limited studies and variations in assessment methods, further research is required to investigate bone turnover markers in male and female jockeys. A standardised testing protocol using internationally recognised assessment guidelines is critical for the accurate interpretation and evaluation of body composition and bone health measurements. Furthermore, establishing jockey-specific BMD and bone turnover reference ranges should be considered using existing and future data.
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Berton M, Bettonte S, Stader F, Battegay M, Marzolini C. Repository Describing the Anatomical, Physiological, and Biological Changes in an Obese Population to Inform Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models. Clin Pharmacokinet 2022; 61:1251-1270. [PMID: 35699913 PMCID: PMC9439993 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-022-01132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with physiological changes that can affect drug pharmacokinetics. Obese individuals are underrepresented in clinical trials, leading to a lack of evidence-based dosing recommendations for many drugs. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling can overcome this limitation but necessitates a detailed description of the population characteristics under investigation. Objective The purpose of this study was to develop and verify a repository of the current anatomical, physiological, and biological data of obese individuals, including population variability, to inform a PBPK framework. Methods A systematic literature search was performed to collate anatomical, physiological, and biological parameters for obese individuals. Multiple regression analyses were used to derive mathematical equations describing the continuous effect of body mass index (BMI) within the range 18.5–60 kg/m2 on system parameters. Results In total, 209 studies were included in the database. The literature reported mostly BMI-related changes in organ weight, whereas data on blood flow and biological parameters (i.e. enzyme abundance) were sparse, and hence physiologically plausible assumptions were made when needed. The developed obese population was implemented in Matlab® and the predicted system parameters obtained from 1000 virtual individuals were in agreement with observed data from an independent validation obese population. Our analysis indicates that a threefold increase in BMI, from 20 to 60 kg/m2, leads to an increase in cardiac output (50%), liver weight (100%), kidney weight (60%), both the kidney and liver absolute blood flows (50%), and in total adipose blood flow (160%). Conclusion The developed repository provides an updated description of a population with a BMI from 18.5 to 60 kg/m2 using continuous physiological changes and their variability for each system parameter. It is a tool that can be implemented in PBPK models to simulate drug pharmacokinetics in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Berton
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Sara Bettonte
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Manuel Battegay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catia Marzolini
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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A longitudinal analysis of serum adiponectin levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in Taiwan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8090. [PMID: 35577842 PMCID: PMC9110357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since bone and fat mass are derived from mesenchyme in early development, adipokines secreted by adipose tissue may have an effect on bone metabolism. The relationship between adiponectin and bone mineral density (BMD) has been inconsistent in previous reports, with results being dependent on age, gender, menopausal status and bone sites. We investigated the relationship between serum adiponectin levels and the BMD of proximal femur and vertebrae bones in a 96-week longitudinal study of post-menopausal women with repeated measures of both. Linear regression models were used to determine the relation between adiponectin and BMD at each time point cross-sectionally, and a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to investigate the longitudinal trends. Among 431 subjects, 376 (87%) provided baseline adiponectin measurements and 373 provided more than two measurements for longitudinal analysis. The means of serum adiponectin and BMD decreased with time. In linear regression models, adiponectin at baseline, the 48th week and the 96th week appeared to be inversely associated with BMD of proximal femur bone, but not lumbar spine after adjusting for age and various confounders. However, they all turn insignificant with further adjustment of body mass index. The inverse association between adiponectin and BMD of proximal femur is substantiated by all generalized equation models. Before adding the BMI in the model, the increase of 1 mg/dL of adiponectin can accelerate the decrease of proximal femur BMD by 0.001 (SE = 0.0004, p = 0.008). With BMI in the model, the drop rate was 0.0008 (SE = 0.0004, p = 0.026) and remained similar with further adjustment of two bone turnover markers. In this longitudinal analysis with both adiponectin and BMD measured at three time points, we demonstrate that with the increase of adiponectin level, the decline of proximal femur BMD in postmenopausal women accelerated during a period of 96 weeks.
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Tajaldeen A, Alghamdi SS, Aljondi R, Awan Z, Helmi N, Lingawi K, Mujalad A, Alzahrani W. Associations between body mass index, body composition and bone density in young adults: Findings from Saudi cohort. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Zouhal H, Berro AJ, Kazwini S, Saeidi A, Jayavel A, Clark CCT, Hackney AC, VanDusseldorp TA, Ben Abderrahman A, El Hage R. Effects of Exercise Training on Bone Health Parameters in Individuals With Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 12:807110. [PMID: 35237177 PMCID: PMC8883041 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.807110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis causes bone fragility, increasing the risk of fractures. Evidence suggests a strong correlation between obesity and fracture risk. Physical training is known to enhance bone resistance and protect from fracture; however, its osteogenic effect in the presence of obesity remains unknown. Objective We sought to evaluate the influence of exercise training on bone health indices in individuals with obesity. Methods This systematic literature search was conducted using common electronic databases from inception - December 2019. The following key terms (and synonyms searched for by the MeSH database) were included and combined using the operators “AND,” “OR,” “NOT”: [(“body mass index” OR obesity OR obese OR overweight OR fat mass) AND (“bone mineral density” OR “bone mineral content” OR “peak bone mass” OR “mechanical loading” OR “Osteoporosis” OR “bone geometry” OR “bone resistance”) AND (“exercise training” OR “physical training” OR “strength training,” OR “resistance training” OR “aerobic training” OR “combined training”)]. Results After screening, 10 studies (889 initial records) were included in the final analysis (8 different countries, 263 participants). Two studies investigated males, six females, and two, both sexes. The training duration was at least eight weeks with 2–3 sessions/week. Physical training displayed a significant trivial impact on the whole body (WB) BMD (0.13 SMD; 95% CI [0.00, 0.26], p = 0.046). Subgroup analyses indicated a significant small increase in the WB BMD (0.27 SMD; 95% CI [0.00, 0.53], p = 0.048) in the endurance training group, a non-significant trivial increase in the WB BMD (0.11 SMD; 95% CI [−0.06, 0.29], p = 0.203) in the resistance group, and a non-significant trivial increase in the WB BMD (0.03 SMD; 95% CI [−0.26, 0.32], p = 0.86) in the combined training group. In addition, a significant small decrease was found in the weight of trained subjects (−0.24 SMD; 95% CI [−0.42, −0.05], p = 0.011). Conclusion Physical training has little to no effect on the WB BMD in subjects with overweight/obesity. Currently, insufficient evidence to advocate for any specific type of exercise for enhancing bone health exists for overweight/obese individuals. Investigations examining the impact of varying types of physical exercise on WB BMD of obese individuals are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Zouhal
- University Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, France
- *Correspondence: Hassane Zouhal
| | - Abdel Jalil Berro
- Division of Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physical Education, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Sarah Kazwini
- Division of Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physical Education, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ayyappan Jayavel
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony C. Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Trisha A. VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise & Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
- Trisha A. VanDusseldorp
| | | | - Rawad El Hage
- Division of Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physical Education, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
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Bland VL, Klimentidis YC, Bea JW, Roe DJ, Funk JL, Going SB. Cross-sectional associations between adipose tissue depots and areal bone mineral density in the UK Biobank imaging study. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:391-402. [PMID: 34490505 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The relationship between obesity and osteoporosis is poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the association between adiposity and bone. The fat-bone relationship was dependent on sex, body mass index classification, and menopausal status. Results highlight the importance of accounting for direct measures of adiposity (beyond BMI) and menopause status. INTRODUCTION Assess the relationship between direct measures of adiposity (total body fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue) with the whole body and clinically relevant bone sites of the lumbar spine, and femoral neck areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in men and women. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis was conducted utilizing de-identified data from the UK Biobank on participants (n = 3674) with available dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Sex-stratified multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship between adiposity measures and aBMD outcomes, controlling for age, race, total body lean mass (DXA), height, BMI class, physical activity, smoking, menopausal status (women), and hormone use (women). RESULTS In men, significant interactions were observed between measures of adiposity and BMI on aBMD for the whole body and lumbar spine. Interactions indicated a positive relationship between adiposity and aBMD in men classified as normal weight, but an inverse relationship in men with elevated BMI. In women, significant interactions between adiposity measures and menopausal status were observed primarily for the whole body and femoral neck aBMD bone outcomes which indicated a negative relationship between adiposity and aBMD in premenopausal women, but a positive relationship in postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION Total body adiposity, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and visceral adipose tissue were all significantly associated with aBMD in both men and women. The strength and direction of association were dependent on sex, BMI classification, and menopausal status (women).
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Bland
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12401 E 17th Ave Rm 368, Aurora, CO, 80045-2589, USA.
| | - Y C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - J W Bea
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - D J Roe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - J L Funk
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - S B Going
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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20
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Milyani AA, Kabli YO, Al-Agha AE. The association of extreme body weight with bone mineral density in Saudi children. Ann Afr Med 2022; 21:16-20. [PMID: 35313399 PMCID: PMC9020628 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_58_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective to investigate the effect of extreme body weight; obesity and undernutrition, on bone mineral density (BMD). Methodology: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried between January and June of 2019, and included 224 children and adolescents without any comorbidities or chronic disease. Important data collected included anthropometrics, past medical and surgical history, history of medication intake, level of physical activity and pubertal assessment. Data entry and analysis were conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24. Results: Gender distribution showed 48.2% were male and 51.8% were female. The mean age was 9.98 ± 3.5 years. Mean weight was 34.89 ± 18.2 kg. Mean BMD z-score was − 1.64 ± 1.4. Weight was considered to significantly correlate with BMD stature at a P = 0.014. Subjects who were underweight showed a lower mean BMD z-score of <−2 than those who were overweight/obese (mean BMD z-score = −1.60). Conclusion: Both extremes of weight are considered a significant risk factor for the development of low BMD in children. We recommend the early recognition of weight aberrations and consequent aggressive intervention with strict lifestyle modifications to promote the development of maximum peak bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Milyani
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousof O Kabli
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmoein E Al-Agha
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Association between Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212126. [PMID: 34831882 PMCID: PMC8618958 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Bone mass acquisition during growth is a major determinant of the risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. Body composition is an anthropometric determinant of bone mineral density (BMD) and significantly influences its development during childhood and adolescence. Objective: This study aimed to systematically examine the association between body composition and bone mineral density in children and adolescents. Methods: Observational studies addressing this association were identified from PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Library (up to January 2021). The study populations consisted of healthy children and adolescents. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute pooled estimates of effect size and the respective 95% confidence intervals for upper limbs, femoral neck (FN), lumbar spine (LS) and total body, respectively. Subgroup analyses were further performed based on age, sex and ethnicity. Results: Thirty-one published studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis, including three longitudinal studies. The combined population from all the studies amounted to 21,393 (11,205 males and 10,188 females). The pooled estimates of the correlation coefficients for lean mass (LM) and BMD ranged from 0.53 to 0.74 (p < 0.050), and the pooled regression coefficients ranged from 0.23 to 0.79 for FN, LS and total body (p < 0.050). For fat mass (FM), the pooled correlation coefficients ranged from 0.10 to 0.50 (p < 0.050) and the pooled regression coefficient was only significant for FN BMD with a weak strength (pooled β = 0.07, p < 0.050). The pooled regression coefficients for body fat percentage (BF%) were between −0.54 and −0.04 (p < 0.050). The subgroup analysis revealed a stronger association in Asians than in Caucasians for LM and in males compared to females for BF% (p < 0.050). Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis supports a positive association between LM and BMD. BF% appears to have a deleterious effect on bone acquisition in children and adolescents.
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22
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Ma M, Feng Z, Liu X, Jia G, Geng B, Xia Y. The Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density for People Over 50 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study of the US Population. Front Nutr 2021; 8:763677. [PMID: 34722617 PMCID: PMC8554069 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.763677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies had revealed that Body Mass Index (BMI) positively affected Bone Mineral Density (BMD). However, an excessively high BMI was detrimental to health, especially for the elderly. Moreover, it was elusive how much BMI was most beneficial for BMD in older adults to maintain. Objective: To investigate whether there was a BMI saturation effect value that existed to maintain optimal BMD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the datasets of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2013–2014, and 2017–2018. After adjusting for covariates, an analysis of the association between BMI and BMD in different femoral regions (Total femur, Femoral neck, Trochanter, Intertrochanter, and Ward's triangle) and lumbar spine regions (Total spine, L1, L2, L3, and L4) in the whole population was performed using the multivariate linear regression models, smoothing curve fitting, and saturation effects analysis models. Then, subgroup analyses were performed according to gender, age, and race. Results: A total of 10,910 participants (5,654 males and 5,256 females) over 50 years were enrolled in this population-based study. Multivariate linear regression analyses in the population older than 50 years showed that BMI was positively associated with femoral BMD and lumbar spine BMD (P < 0.001, respectively). Smoothing curve fitting showed that the relationship between BMI and BMD was not simply linear and that a saturation value existed. The saturation effect analysis showed that the BMI saturation value was 26.13 (kg/m2) in the total femur, 26.82 (kg/m2) in the total spine, and showed site-specificity in L1 (31.90 kg/m2) and L2 (30.89 kg/m2). The saturation values were consistent with the whole participants in males, while there was high variability in the females. BMI saturation values remained present in subgroup analyses by age and race, showing specificity in some age (60–70 years old) groups and in some races. Conclusions: Our study showed a saturation value association between BMI and BMD for people over 50 years old. Keeping the BMI in the slightly overweight value (around 26 kg/m2) might reduce other adverse effects while obtaining optimal BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gengxin Jia
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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23
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Nordklint AK, Almdal TP, Vestergaard P, Lundby-Christensen L, Boesgaard TW, Breum L, Gade-Rasmussen B, Sneppen SB, Gluud C, Hemmingsen B, Perrild H, Madsbad S, Mathiesen ER, Tarnow L, Thorsteinsson B, Vestergaard H, Lund SS, Eiken P. Effect of metformin and insulin vs. placebo and insulin on whole body composition in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1837-1848. [PMID: 33594488 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-05870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Some studies indicate potential beneficial effects of metformin on body composition and bone. This trial compared metformin + insulin vs placebo + insulin. Metformin treatment had a small but positive effect on bone quality in the peripheral skeleton, reduced weight gain, and resulted in a more beneficial body composition compared with placebo in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. INTRODUCTION Glucose-lowering medications affect body composition. We assessed the long-term effects of metformin compared with placebo on whole body bone and body composition measures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS This was a sub-study of the Copenhagen Insulin and Metformin Therapy trial, which was a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial assessing 18-month treatment with metformin compared with placebo, in combination with different insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The sub-study evaluates the effects on bone mineral content (BMC), density (BMD), and body composition from whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans which were assessed at baseline and after 18 months. RESULTS Metformin had a small, but positive, (p < 0.05) effect on subtotal, appendicular, and legs BMC and BMD compared with placebo. After adjustment for sex, age, vitamin D, smoking, BMI, T2DM duration, HbA1c, and insulin dose, the effects on appendicular BMC and BMD persisted (p < 0.05 for both). The changes in appendicular BMC and BMD corresponded approximately to a 0.7% and 0.5% increase in the metformin group and 0.4% and 0.4% decrease in the placebo group, respectively. These effects were mostly driven by an increase in BMC and BMD in the legs and a loss of BMC and BMD in the arms. During 18 months, all participants increased in weight, fat mass (FM), FM%, and lean mass (LM), but decreased in LM%. The metformin group increased less in weight (subtotal weight (weight-head) - 2.4 [- 3.5, - 1.4] kg, p value < 0.001) and FM (- 1.5 [- 2.3, - 0.8] kg, p value < 0.001) and decreased less in LM% (0.6 [0.2, 1.1] %, p value < 0.001) compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSION Metformin treatment had a small positive effect on BMC and BMD in the peripheral skeleton and reduced weight gain compared with placebo in insulin-treated patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Nordklint
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Hillerod, Denmark.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshopitalet - Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - T P Almdal
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Vestergaard
- Departments of Clinical Medicine and Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - L Breum
- Department of Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Koge, Denmark
| | - B Gade-Rasmussen
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - S B Sneppen
- Department of Medicine, Gentofte, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - C Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Hemmingsen
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Hillerod, Denmark
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Perrild
- Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Madsbad
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - E R Mathiesen
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Tarnow
- Steno Diabetes Center Zealand, Holbak, Denmark
| | - B Thorsteinsson
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Hillerod, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Vestergaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Bornholms Hospital, Ronne, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S S Lund
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - P Eiken
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Hillerod, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Analysis of the Association between Fat Mass Distribution and Bone Mass in Chinese Male Adolescents at Different Stages of Puberty. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072163. [PMID: 34202423 PMCID: PMC8308367 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone mineral acquisition during adolescence is crucial for maximizing peak bone mass. Fat mass (FM) and bone mass are closely related. This study investigated the association of FM distribution with bone mass in Chinese male adolescents. Method: A total of 693 male adolescents aged 10–18 years were recruited from a secondary school in Jiangmen, China. Their bone mass and body composition were measured by quantitative ultrasound and bioelectrical impedance analysis, respectively. The associations of the measures of fat distribution with bone parameters, i.e., broadband ultrasound attenuation, speed of sound (SOS), and stiffness index (SI), were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Age, height, body mass index, stage of puberty, physical activity, sedentary behavior, dietary energy intake, and dietary calcium and vitamin D intake were adjusted in the model. Further subgroup analyses of prepubertal and pubertal participants were conducted. Results: The measures of fat distribution showed negative associations with SOS and SI in total subjects (p < 0.010). In prepubertal boys, the measures of fat distribution were only associated with SOS (β = −0.377 to −0.393, p < 0.050). In pubertal boys, the measures of fat distribution had associations with all bone parameters (β = −0.205 to −0.584, p < 0.050). The strongest association was between trunk FM and SOS (β = −0.584, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study supported that the measures of fat distribution were negatively associated with bone parameters in Chinese male adolescents. Trunk FM had the strongest association with bone parameter. These associations appear to be stronger in pubertal boys than in prepubertal boys.
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25
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Zhang Z, Zhou X, Shu L, Hu M, Gao R, Zhou XH. The association between overweight/obesity and vertebral fractures in older adults: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1079-1091. [PMID: 33411008 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted to assess the relationship between overweight/obesity and vertebral fractures in older adults. We found that overweight was related to a decreased risk of vertebral fractures in female and non-Asian populations, while obesity failed to be associated with vertebral fracture risks based on the present data. INTRODUCTION Recent investigations suggest that the influence of overweight/obesity on fracture risks is site-specific, while conflicting data were reported related to vertebral fracture. This meta-analysis was performed to qualitatively assess the relationship between overweight/obesity and the risk of vertebral fracture. METHODS MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for relevant observational articles assessing the vertebral fracture risk of the overweight or obese population compared to normal population. Two independent reviewers conducted data extraction and quality assessment. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using a random effect model. RESULTS Eleven studies including 1,078,094 participants were extracted from 1645 records. Pooled RR showed that decreased risk of vertebral fractures was observed in the overweight older adults (RR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.07-1.26; I2: 51.8%), but not in the obese populations (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.82-1.17; I2: 92.1%). In the subgroup analysis, we found a significant inverse association between overweight and risk of vertebral fracture in women (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.85-1.00; I2: 0.0%), non-Asian areas (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.80-0.99; I2: 40.7%), sample size > 2000 (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.80-0.94; I2: 4.9%), and quality score > 7 (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79-0.95; I2: 21.9%). Furthermore, pooled studies of sample size > 2000 (RR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.89; I2: 52.1%) and quality score > 7 (RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.91; I2: 68.1%) showed that the people with obesity had a significantly lower prevalence of vertebral fracture. CONCLUSIONS Overweight aged adults tend to have a lower vertebral fracture risk. When gender and ethnicity were taken into consideration, the inverse relationship between overweight and vertebral fracture risk were only observed in female and non-Asian populations. Besides, there is insufficient data to conclude the relationship between obesity and the risk of vertebral fractures, and thus, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - X Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - L Shu
- College of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - M Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - R Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
| | - X-H Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
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Liu L, Guo J, Chen X, Tong X, Xu J, Zou J. The Role of Irisin in Exercise-Mediated Bone Health. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668759. [PMID: 34017836 PMCID: PMC8129548 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training promotes physical and bone health, and is the first choice of non-drug strategies that help to improve the prognosis and complications of many chronic diseases. Irisin is a newly discovered peptide hormone that modulates energy metabolism and skeletal muscle mass. Here, we discuss the role of irisin in bone metabolism via exercise-induced mechanical forces regulation. In addition, the role of irisin in pathological bone loss and other chronic diseases is also reviewed. Notably, irisin appears to be a key determinant of bone mineral status and thus may serve as a novel biomarker for bone metabolism. Interestingly, the secretion of irisin appears to be mediated by different forms of exercise and pathological conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and inflammation. Understanding the mechanism by which irisin is regulated and how it regulates skeletal metabolism via osteoclast and osteoblast activities will be an important step toward applying new knowledge of irisin to the treatment and prevention of bone diseases such as osteolysis and other chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianmin Guo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Tong
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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27
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Dong H, Zhao X, Cheng H, Mi J. Childhood adiposity, adult adiposity, and bone health. Pediatr Investig 2021; 5:6-11. [PMID: 33778421 PMCID: PMC7984010 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for lifelong bone mineral accrual, but few studies have determined the impact of childhood adiposity on adult bone density. OBJECTIVE To determine the long-term impact of childhood adiposity on adult areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and the effect of adult adiposity on this relationship. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study of 1156 adults (56.3% men), for whom skinfold thickness (SFT) had been measured during childhood (6-18 years) and fat mass percentage (FMP) and aBMD were measured during adulthood (29-43 years). Adult aBMD in the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), arms, and legs was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The direct effect of childhood SFT and its indirect effect through adult FMP on adult aBMD were estimated using general linear regression and a causal steps approach. RESULTS Significant positive associations between childhood SFT and adult aBMD were found in the LS in men (β = 0.089, P = 0.044) and in all the skeletal sites in women. With respect to the adult fat-bone relationship, high adult FMP was associated with low aBMD in most of the sites in men, but with high FN aBMD in women (β = 0.144, P = 0.002). Moreover, suppressive effects of adult FMP on the associations between childhood SFT and adult aBMD in the LS (-34.8%) and legs (-67.1%) of men, and a positive effect on the FN aBMD in women (17.0%) were identified. INTERPRETATION Childhood adiposity appears to have a positive long-term effect on adult aBMD, which may be reduced by adiposity in adult men but reinforced by adiposity in adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Dong
- Department of Non‐communicable Disease ManagementBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Department of EpidemiologyCapital Institute of PediatricsBeijingChina
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of EpidemiologyCapital Institute of PediatricsBeijingChina
| | - Jie Mi
- Department of Non‐communicable Disease ManagementBeijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
- Department of EpidemiologyCapital Institute of PediatricsBeijingChina
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28
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Sun B, Wu L, Wu Y, Zhang C, Qin L, Hayashi M, Kudo M, Gao M, Liu T. Therapeutic Potential of Centella asiatica and Its Triterpenes: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:568032. [PMID: 33013406 PMCID: PMC7498642 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.568032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica (also known as Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. or Gotu kola) is a traditional Chinese medicine with extensive medicinal value, which is commonly used in Southeast Asian countries. This study aimed to summarize the effects of C. asiatica and its main components on neurological diseases, endocrine diseases, skin diseases, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, immune diseases, and gynecological diseases, as well as potential molecular mechanisms, to study the pathological mechanism of these diseases based on the changes at the molecular level. The results showed that C. asiatica and its triterpenoids had extensive beneficial effects on neurological and skin diseases, which were confirmed through clinical studies. They exhibited anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptotic effects, and improvement in mitochondrial function. However, further clinical studies are urgently required due to the low level of evidence and lack of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boju Sun
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - You Wu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Qin
- Technology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Misa Hayashi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Maya Kudo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Christou MA, Ntritsos G, Markozannes G, Koskeridis F, Nikas SN, Karasik D, Kiel DP, Evangelou E, Ntzani EE. A genome-wide scan for pleiotropy between bone mineral density and nonbone phenotypes. Bone Res 2020; 8:26. [PMID: 32637184 PMCID: PMC7329904 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-0101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disorder globally and is characterized by skeletal fragility and microarchitectural deterioration. Genetic pleiotropy occurs when a single genetic element is associated with more than one phenotype. We aimed to identify pleiotropic loci associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and nonbone phenotypes in genome-wide association studies. In the discovery stage, the NHGRI-EBI Catalog was searched for genome-wide significant associations (P value < 5 × 10-8), excluding bone-related phenotypes. SNiPA was used to identify proxies of the significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (r 2 = 1). We then assessed putative genetic associations of this set of SNPs with femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) BMD data from the GEFOS Consortium. Pleiotropic variants were claimed at a false discovery rate < 1.4 × 10-3 for FN-BMD and < 1.5 × 10-3 for LS-BMD. Replication of these genetic markers was performed among more than 400 000 UK Biobank participants of European ancestry with available genetic and heel bone ultrasound data. In the discovery stage, 72 BMD-related pleiotropic SNPs were identified, and 12 SNPs located in 11 loci on 8 chromosomes were replicated in the UK Biobank. These SNPs were associated, in addition to BMD, with 14 different phenotypes. Most pleiotropic associations were exhibited by rs479844 (AP5B1, OVOL1 genes), which was associated with dermatological and allergic diseases, and rs4072037 (MUC1 gene), which was associated with magnesium levels and gastroenterological cancer. In conclusion, 12 BMD-related genome-wide significant SNPs showed pleiotropy with nonbone phenotypes. Pleiotropic associations can deepen the genetic understanding of bone-related diseases by identifying shared biological mechanisms with other diseases or traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Christou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios Ntritsos
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Fotis Koskeridis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Spyros N. Nikas
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - David Karasik
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, and the Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, and the Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Evangelia E. Ntzani
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Center for Research Synthesis in Health, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
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Rooney AM, Bostrom MPG, Dempster DW, Nieves JW, Zhou H, Cosman F. Loading modality and age influence teriparatide-induced bone formation in the human femoral neck. Bone 2020; 136:115373. [PMID: 32330694 PMCID: PMC7263665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Teriparatide (TPTD) reduces risk of both vertebral and nonvertebral fracture, but increases bone mineral density (BMD) much more at the spine than the hip. TPTD and mechanical loading may have a synergistic anabolic effect on BMD, which may help explain these site-specific differences. Under normal daily activity, the femoral neck (FN) is under bending, placing one side under tension and the other under compression. We sought to further understand the relationship between mechanical loading and TPTD at the hip by investigating the effect of tensile versus compressive loading on TPTD stimulated bone formation indices in the human FN. Thirty-eight patients receiving total hip replacements for osteoarthritis were randomized to receive placebo (PBO) or TPTD for a mean treatment duration of 6 weeks prior to surgery, and double tetracycline labeling was administered to allow assessment of bone formation. The FN was harvested during surgery and analyzed for dynamic bone formation indices in the compressive and tensile regions of the endocortical and periosteal envelopes. Regression models relating outcome measures to patient characteristics including sex, age, body weight, and FN geometry were also analyzed. Overall, bone formation was higher with TPTD versus placebo on the endocortical surface, but not the periosteal surface. The level of bone formation in both TPTD and placebo groups was greater on the tensile endocortical surface and the compressive periosteal surface. There was a trend toward decreased endocortical eroded surface with TPTD in the compressive but not the tensile region. Patient age and sex explained the greatest variability in endocortical bone formation, and patient body mass and sex explained the greatest variability in periosteal bone formation. Our data represent the first dynamic comparison of teriparatide treatment under two loading modalities in human FN samples. Future work could determine whether specific hip loading intervention could amplify the benefits of teriparatide on the hip in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Rooney
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 101 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Mathias P G Bostrom
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 East 71st St., New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - David W Dempster
- Regional Bone Center, Helen Hayes Hospital, 55 N Route 9W, West Haverstraw, NY 10993, USA; Department of Pathology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th St., New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Jeri W Nieves
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, 515 East 71st St., New York, NY 10021, USA; Regional Bone Center, Helen Hayes Hospital, 55 N Route 9W, West Haverstraw, NY 10993, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Regional Bone Center, Helen Hayes Hospital, 55 N Route 9W, West Haverstraw, NY 10993, USA.
| | - Felicia Cosman
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 622 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Hammoud E, Toumi H, Jacob C, Pinti A, Lespessailles E, El Hage R. Influence of sarcopenia on bone health parameters in a group of eumenorrheic obese premenopausal women. J Bone Miner Metab 2020; 38:385-391. [PMID: 31797065 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-019-01071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) and geometric indices of hip bone strength in a group of obese sarcopenic premenopausal women (n = 27) and a group of obese premenopausal women with normal appendicular lean mass (ALM)/body mass index ratio (BMI) (n = 26). MATERIALS AND METHODS The ALM/BMI criterion of The Foundation for the National Institute of Health was used; women with an ALM/BMI ratio < 0.512 m2 were considered obese sarcopenic. Body composition and bone variables were measured by DXA. DXA measurements were completed for the whole body (WB), lumbar spine (L1-L4), total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN). Hip geometry parameters including cross-sectional area (CSA), cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), section modulus (Z), strength index (SI) and buckling ratio (BR) were derived by DXA. RESULTS Age, weight and BMI were not significantly different between the two groups. Height, lean mass, skeletal muscle mass index, ALM and the ratio ALM/BMI were significantly higher in obese women with normal ALM/BMI ratio compared to obese sarcopenic women. Fat mass percentage was significantly higher in obese sarcopenic women compared to obese women with normal ALM/BMI ratio. WB BMC, TH BMD, FN BMD, CSA, CSMI and Z were significantly higher in obese women with normal ALM/BMI ratio compared to obese sarcopenic women. In the whole population (n = 53), ALM and the ratio ALM/BMI were positively correlated to WB BMC, CSA, CSMI and Z. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that sarcopenia negatively influences bone mineral density and hip geometry parameters before menopause in eumenorrheic obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emneh Hammoud
- Division of Education, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Kelhat El-Koura, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
- I3MTO Laboratory, EA 4708, University of Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Hechmi Toumi
- I3MTO Laboratory, EA 4708, University of Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d'Orléans, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, 14 Avenue de l'Hôpital, 45100, Orléans, France
| | - Christophe Jacob
- Division of Education, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Kelhat El-Koura, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Antonio Pinti
- I3MTO Laboratory, EA 4708, University of Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Eric Lespessailles
- I3MTO Laboratory, EA 4708, University of Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France
- Plateforme Recherche Innovation Médicale Mutualisée d'Orléans, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, 14 Avenue de l'Hôpital, 45100, Orléans, France
| | - Rawad El Hage
- Division of Education, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Kelhat El-Koura, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon.
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Savinelli S, De Francesco D, Feeney ER, Babalis D, Bagkeris E, Post FA, Boffito M, Williams I, Vera J, Johnson M, Anderson J, Sachikonye M, Winston A, Sabin C, Mallon P. Factors associated with obesity in the Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Observations in People over Fifty (POPPY) cohort: an observational cross-sectional analysis. HIV Med 2020; 21:441-452. [PMID: 32311831 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to describe the prevalence of obesity in the Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Observations in People over Fifty (POPPY) cohort, to identify demographic, clinical and HIV-specific factors associated with obesity, and to characterize the association between obesity and sociodemographic, clinical and HIV-specific factors and quality of life (QoL). METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was carried out of baseline data from the three groups ["older" people with HIV infection (PWH) aged ≥ 50 years, "younger" PWH aged < 50 years and HIV-negative controls aged ≥ 50 years] within the POPPY cohort. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 . RESULTS A total of 1361 subjects were included in the study, of whom 335 (24.6%) were obese. The prevalence of obesity was higher in controls (22.3%) than in older (16.8%) and younger (14.2%) PWH, with no differences between the two groups of PWH. Factors associated with obesity were older age, female gender, black African ethnicity and alcohol consumption. Recreational drug use and a higher current CD4 T-cell count (in PWH) were associated with lower and higher odds of being obese, respectively. The presence of obesity was associated with worse physical health QoL scores, higher odds of having cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and hypertension, but lower odds of having osteopenia/osteoporosis, irrespective of HIV status. CONCLUSIONS Despite a lower prevalence of obesity in PWH, specific subgroups (women, people of black African origin and older people) were more likely to be obese, and negative health consequences of obesity were evident, regardless of HIV status. Whether targeted preventive strategies can reduce the burden of obesity and its complications in PWH remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Savinelli
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - E R Feeney
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Babalis
- Imperial Clinical Trial Unit (ICTU), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - F A Post
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Boffito
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - J Vera
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | | | - J Anderson
- Homerton University Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Sachikonye
- UK Community Advisory Board (UK-CAB), London, UK
| | | | - C Sabin
- University College London, London, UK
| | - Pwg Mallon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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The application of meta-analytic (multi-level) models with multiple random effects: A systematic review. Behav Res Methods 2020; 52:2031-2052. [DOI: 10.3758/s13428-020-01373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Associations of Weight-Adjusted Body Fat and Fat Distribution with Bone Mineral Density in Chinese Children Aged 6-10 Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051763. [PMID: 32182741 PMCID: PMC7084411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although obesity is considered osteoprotective, the effects of body fat and fat distribution on bone tissue after adjusting for the effects of body weight remain uncertain. This study evaluated the relationships between fat mass, fat distribution, and bone mineral status beyond its weight-bearing effect. We recruited 466 children aged 6–10 years in China. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in the total body and total body less head (TBLH), as well as the fat mass (FM) and percentage fat mass (%FM) of the total and segmental body. Weight-adjusted measures of FM and %FM were derived using the residual method. After adjusting for the effects of covariates, we observed statistically significant, dose-dependent negative relationships between the TBLH·BMD/BMC and various weight-adjusted measures of body fat (p for trend: <0.001–0.038). For each standard deviation increment in the weight-adjusted total body, TBLH, trunk and limbs, the size-adjusted BMC decreased approximately 9.44, 9.28, 8.13, and 6.65 g in boys, respectively, and by approximately 13.74, 13.71, 7.84, and 12.95 g in girls, respectively. Significant inverse associations between FM accumulation in the total body and most body parts with the BMD/BMC were observed in both boys and girls after adjusting for weight and potential confounders.
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Zhang X, Ehrlich KC, Yu F, Hu X, Meng XH, Deng HW, Shen H, Ehrlich M. Osteoporosis- and obesity-risk interrelationships: an epigenetic analysis of GWAS-derived SNPs at the developmental gene TBX15. Epigenetics 2020; 15:728-749. [PMID: 31975641 PMCID: PMC7574382 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1716491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in translating findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to biological mechanisms is pinpointing functional variants because only a very small percentage of variants associated with a given trait actually impact the trait. We used an extensive epigenetics, transcriptomics, and genetics analysis of the TBX15/WARS2 neighbourhood to prioritize this region's best-candidate causal variants for the genetic risk of osteoporosis (estimated bone density, eBMD) and obesity (waist-hip ratio or waist circumference adjusted for body mass index). TBX15 encodes a transcription factor that is important in bone development and adipose biology. Manual curation of 692 GWAS-derived variants gave eight strong candidates for causal SNPs that modulate TBX15 transcription in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) or osteoblasts, which highly and specifically express this gene. None of these SNPs were prioritized by Bayesian fine-mapping. The eight regulatory causal SNPs were in enhancer or promoter chromatin seen preferentially in SAT or osteoblasts at TBX15 intron-1 or upstream. They overlap strongly predicted, allele-specific transcription factor binding sites. Our analysis suggests that these SNPs act independently of two missense SNPs in TBX15. Remarkably, five of the regulatory SNPs were associated with eBMD and obesity and had the same trait-increasing allele for both. We found that WARS2 obesity-related SNPs can be ascribed to high linkage disequilibrium with TBX15 intron-1 SNPs. Our findings from GWAS index, proxy, and imputed SNPs suggest that a few SNPs, including three in a 0.7-kb cluster, act as causal regulatory variants to fine-tune TBX15 expression and, thereby, affect both obesity and osteoporosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Tulane Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kenneth C Ehrlich
- Tulane Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fangtang Yu
- Tulane Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- Tulane Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Rongchang District , Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang-He Meng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Melanie Ehrlich
- Tulane Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Cancer Center, Hayward Human Genetics Program, Tulane University Health Sciences , New Orleans, LA, USA
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Bierhals IO, Dos Santos Vaz J, Bielemann RM, de Mola CL, Barros FC, Gonçalves H, Wehrmeister FC, Assunção MCF. Associations between body mass index, body composition and bone density in young adults: findings from a southern Brazilian cohort. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:322. [PMID: 31288773 PMCID: PMC6617655 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the association of body composition components and obesity with bone density. METHODS Prospective study with data on 2968 members of the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort from follow-ups at 18 and 22 years of age. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD, g/cm2) was evaluated for whole body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck at 22 years using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Simple and multiple linear regression, stratified by sex, were used to assess the effect of BMI, fat mass (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI), evaluated at 18 and 22 years, and obesity trajectories classified by FMI and categorized as "never", "only at 18 years", "only at 22 years" or "always" on aBMD. RESULTS Among men, the largest coefficients were observed for BMI, followed by lean mass and fat mass. Compared to fat mass, lean mass presented the largest coefficients for all sites, with the strongest associations observed for the femoral neck (β: 0.035 g/cm2; 95% CI: 0.031; 0.039 for both follow-ups), while the largest effect for FMI was observed for whole-body aBMD at 18 years (β: 0.019 g/cm2; 95% CI: 0.014; 0.024). Among women, the strongest associations were observed for LMI. The largest coefficients for LMI and FMI were observed for femoral neck at age 18, presented β: 0.030 g/cm2, 95% CI: 0.026, 0.034 for LMI and β: 0.012 g/cm2; 95% CI: 0.009; 0.015) for FMI. Men who were "always obese" according to FMI had smallest aBMD for spine (β: -0.014; 95%CI: - 0.029; - 0.001). Women who were obese "only at 18 years" had smallest aBMD for the whole-body (β: -0.013; 95%CI: - 0.023; - 0.002), whereas those who were obese "only at 22 years" had larger whole-body and femoral neck aBMD (β: 0.013; 95%CI: 0.009; 0.017 and β: 0.027; 95%CI: 0.016; 0.038, respectively) and those "always obese" for whole-body aBMD (β: 0.005; 95%CI: 0.001; 0.011) compared to the reference category. CONCLUSIONS The indexes were positively associated with aBMD in this sample. Fat mass had smaller positive influence on these outcomes than lean mass, suggesting the most important body composition component for bone density is the lean mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Oliveira Bierhals
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3o andar, Pelotas/RS, 96020-220, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Dos Santos Vaz
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3o andar, Pelotas/RS, 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Renata Moraes Bielemann
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3o andar, Pelotas/RS, 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Christian Loret de Mola
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3o andar, Pelotas/RS, 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Fernando Celso Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3o andar, Pelotas/RS, 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Helen Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3o andar, Pelotas/RS, 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Fernando César Wehrmeister
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3o andar, Pelotas/RS, 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília Formoso Assunção
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3o andar, Pelotas/RS, 96020-220, Brazil
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Lind L, Kullberg J, Ahlström H, Michaëlsson K, Strand R. Proof of principle study of a detailed whole-body image analysis technique, "Imiomics", regarding adipose and lean tissue distribution. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7388. [PMID: 31089168 PMCID: PMC6517436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This "proof-of-principle" study evaluates if the recently presented "Imiomics" technique could visualize how fat and lean tissue mass are associated with local tissue volume and fat content at high/unprecedented resolution. A whole-body quantitative water-fat MRI scan was performed in 159 men and 167 women aged 50 in the population-based POEM study. Total fat and lean mass were measured by DXA. Fat content was measured by the water-fat MRI. Fat mass and distribution measures were associated to the detailed differences in tissue volume and fat concentration throughout the body using Imiomics. Fat mass was positively correlated (r > 0.50, p < 0.05) with tissue volume in all subcutaneous areas of the body, as well as volumes of the liver, intraperitoneal fat, retroperitoneal fat and perirenal fat, but negatively to lung volume. Fat mass correlated positively with volumes of paravertebral muscles, and muscles in the ventral part of the thigh and lower limb. Fat mass was distinctly correlated with the fat content in subcutaneous adipose tissue at the trunk. Lean mass was positively related to the large skeletal muscles and the skeleton. The present study indicates the Imiomics technique to be suitable for studies of fat and lean tissue distribution, and feasible for large scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Division of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, BioVenture Hub, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Division of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, BioVenture Hub, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Strand
- Division of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Bailey RL, Sahni S, Chocano-Bedoya P, Daly RM, Welch AA, Bischoff-Ferrari H, Weaver CM. Best Practices for Conducting Observational Research to Assess the Relation between Nutrition and Bone: An International Working Group Summary. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:391-409. [PMID: 30926984 PMCID: PMC6520043 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a modifiable factor that can affect bone strength and integrity, and the risk of fractures. Currently, a hierarchy of scientific evidence contributes to our understanding of the role of diet on bone health and fracture risk. The strength of evidence is generally based on the type of study conducted, the quality of the methodology employed, the rigor and integrity of the data collected and analysis plan, and the transparency and completeness of the results. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered to be the gold standard from a clinical research paradigm, but there is a dearth of high-quality diet-related intervention trials with bone as the primary outcome, forcing the use of observational research to inform research and clinical practices. However, for observational research to be of the most utility, standardization and optimization of the study design, accurate and reliable measurement of key variables, and appropriate data analysis and data reporting are paramount. Although there have been recommendations made in relation to RCTs in the field of nutrition, no clear rubric exists for best practices in conducting observational research with regard to nutrition and bone health. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe the best practices and considerations for designing, conducting, analyzing, interpreting, and reporting observational research specifically for understanding the role of nutrition in bone health, amassed by a global panel of scientific experts with strengths in bone, nutrition epidemiology, physical activity, public health, clinical and translational trials, and observational study methods. The global panel of scientific experts represents the leadership and selected participants from the 10th annual International Symposium for the Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis. The topics selected and best practices presented reflect expert opinion and areas of scientific expertise of the authors rather than a systematic or comprehensive literature review or professional reporting guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan L Bailey
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN,Address correspondence to RLB (e-mail: )
| | - Shivani Sahni
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ailsa A Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Papageorgiou M, Sathyapalan T, Schutte R. Muscle mass measures and incident osteoporosis in a large cohort of postmenopausal women. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:131-139. [PMID: 30398016 PMCID: PMC6438341 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite several muscle mass measures being used in the current definitions of sarcopenia, their usefulness is uncertain because of limited data on their association with health outcomes. The aim of the study was to compare the performance of different muscle mass measures for predicting incident osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. METHODS This study included data from 149 166 participants (aged 60.3 ± 5.5 years) as part of the UK Biobank cohort. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance. The muscle mass measures included were total body skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and appendicular SMM (aSMM) divided by height squared (ht2 ), derived residuals, SMM, SMM adjusted for body mass (SMM/bm × 100), and aSMM normalized for body mass index (aSMM/BMI). Diagnoses of the events were confirmed by primary care physicians and coded according to the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10: M80-M82). RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 6.75 (5th to 95th percentile interval, 1.53 to 8.37) years, 394 newly diagnosed cases of osteoporosis occurred, with 40 (10.2%) cases being associated with a pathological fracture. SMM/ht2 , aSMM/ht2 residual, and SMM were lower in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis compared with women without (all P < 0.0001), while SMM/bm × 100 (P = 0.003), but not aSMM/BMI (P = 0.59), was higher in the osteoporosis group. The unadjusted rates of osteoporosis increased with decreasing quintiles for SMM/ht2 , aSMM/ht2 , residuals, and SMM (all P trend <0.0001), while the incidence of osteoporosis increased with increasing SMM/bm × 100 (P trend =0.001), but not for aSMM/BMI (P = 0.45). After minimally adjusting for age and after full adjustment, SMM/ht2 , aSMM/ht2 , and SMM were the only measure that consistently predicted osteoporosis in the total group of postmenopausal women [hazard ratio (HR) 0.65-0.67, all P ≤ 0.0001], in lean women (HR 0.62-0.68; all P ≤ 0.001), and women with increased adiposity (HR 0.64-0.68; all P ≤ 0.01). In fully adjusted models, the changes in the R2 statistic were 13.4%, 11.6%, and 15.3% for the SMM/ht2 (aSMM/ht2 ), residual, and SMM, but only 4.9% and 1.3% for SMM/bm × 100 and aSMM/BMI. CONCLUSIONS Muscle mass measures adjusted for height only (SMM/ht2 , aSMM/ht2 ) appear to be better muscle-relevant risk factors for incident osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, including when stratified into lean participants and participants with increased adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papageorgiou
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Rudolph Schutte
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK.,Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Jensen B, Braun W, Geisler C, Both M, Klückmann K, Müller MJ, Bosy-Westphal A. Limitations of Fat-Free Mass for the Assessment of Muscle Mass in Obesity. Obes Facts 2019; 12:307-315. [PMID: 31132777 PMCID: PMC6696776 DOI: 10.1159/000499607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high amount of adipose tissue limits the accuracy of methods for body composition analysis in obesity. OBJECTIVES The aim was to quantify and explain differences in fat-free mass (FFM) (as an index of skeletal muscle mass, SMM) measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), air displacement plethysmography (ADP), and deuterium dilution in comparison to multicompartment models, and to improve the results of BIA for obese subjects. METHODS In 175 healthy subjects (87 men and 88 women, BMI 20-43.3 kg/m2, 18-65 years), FFM measured by these methods was compared with results from a 3- (3C) and a 4-compartment (4C) model. FFM4C was compared with SMM measured by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS BIA and DXA overestimated and ADP underestimated FFM in comparison to 3C and 4C models with increasing BMI (all p < 0.001). -Differences were largest for DXA. In obesity, BIA results were improved: valuecorrected = -valueuncorrected - a(BMI - 30 kg/m2), a = 0.256 for FFM and a = 0.298 for SMM. SMM accounts for 45% of FFM in women and 49% in men. CONCLUSIONS In obesity, the use of FFM is limited by a systematic error of reference methods. In addition, SMM accounts for about 50% of FFM only. Corrected measurement of SMM by BIA can overcome these drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wiebke Braun
- Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Geisler
- Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Both
- Klinik für Diagnostische Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Manfred J Müller
- Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany,
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Paccou J, Penel G, Chauveau C, Cortet B, Hardouin P. Marrow adiposity and bone: Review of clinical implications. Bone 2019; 118:8-15. [PMID: 29477645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the relationship between bone marrow fat (BMF) and skeletal health. Progress in clinical studies of BMF and skeletal health has been greatly enhanced by recent technical advances in our ability to measure BMF non-invasively. Magnetic resonance imagery (MRI) with or without spectroscopy is currently the standard technique for evaluating BMF content and composition in humans. This review focuses on clinical studies of marrow fat and its relationship with bone. The amount of marrow fat is associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Several studies have reported a significant negative association between marrow fat content and BMD in both healthy and osteoporotic populations. There may also be a relationship between marrow fat and fracture (mostly vertebral fracture), but data are scarce and further studies are needed. Furthermore, a few studies suggest that a lower proportion of unsaturated lipids in vertebral BMF may be associated with reduced BMD and greater prevalence of fracture. Marrow fat might be influenced by metabolic diseases associated with bone loss and fractures, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity and anorexia nervosa. An intriguing aspect of bariatric (weight loss) surgery is that it induces bone loss and fractures, but with different impacts on marrow fat depending on diabetic status. In daily practice, the usefulness for clinicians of assessing marrow fat using MRI is still limited. However, the perspectives are exciting, particularly in terms of improving the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Further studies are needed to better understand the regulators involved in the marrow fat-bone relationship and the links between marrow fat, other fat depots and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Paccou
- Université de Lille, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, PMOI EA 4490 faculté de chirurgie dentaire, place de Verdun, 59000 Lille, France; Service de rhumatologie, CHRU, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Guillaume Penel
- Université de Lille, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, PMOI EA 4490 faculté de chirurgie dentaire, place de Verdun, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Univ. Lille, EA 4490, PMOI, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, F-62300 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Bernard Cortet
- Université de Lille, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, PMOI EA 4490 faculté de chirurgie dentaire, place de Verdun, 59000 Lille, France; Service de rhumatologie, CHRU, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Hardouin
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Univ. Lille, EA 4490, PMOI, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, F-62300 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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Zhou T, Sun D, Heianza Y, Li X, Champagne CM, LeBoff MS, Shang X, Pei X, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. Genetically determined vitamin D levels and change in bone density during a weight-loss diet intervention: the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) Trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:1129-1134. [PMID: 30475961 PMCID: PMC6924262 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is closely associated with bone health. Although diet and weight loss produce many metabolic benefits, studies of weight loss diets on bone health are conflicting. Genetic variations, such as vitamin D levels, may partly account for these conflicting observations by regulating bone metabolism. Objective We investigated whether the genetic variation associated with vitamin D concentration affected changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in response to a weight-loss diet intervention. Design In the 2-y Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial, BMD was measured for 424 participants who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets varying in macronutrient intakes. A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on 3 genetic variants [i.e., 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) rs12785878, cytochrome P450 2R1 (CYP2R1) rs10741657 and group-specific component globulin (GC) rs2282679] related to circulating vitamin D levels. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan was performed to assess changes in whole-body BMD over 2 y. The final analysis included 370 participants at baseline. Results We found a significant interaction between dietary fat intake and vitamin D GRS on 2-y changes in whole-body BMD (P-interaction = 0.02). In the high-fat diet group, participants with higher GRS showed significantly less reduction in whole-body BMD than those with lower GRS, whereas the genetic associations were not significant in the low-fat diet group. We also found a significant interaction between dietary fat intake and the GRS on 6-mo change in femur neck BMD (P-interaction = 0.02); however, the interaction became nonsignificant at 2 y. Conclusion Our data indicate that dietary fat intake may modify the effect of vitamin D-related genetic variation on changes in BMD. Overweight or obese patients predisposed to sufficient vitamin D may benefit more in maintaining BMD along with weight loss by eating a low-fat diet. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03258203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | | | | | - Xiaoyun Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xiaofang Pei
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, China
| | - George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Abstract
Bone health is critical to overall health and quality of life. Although genetic factors play a key role in bone formation, there are several external factors that can be modified to preserve bone health. Diet, exercise, menstrual irregularities, medications, disease states, weight, and environmental factors can all affect fracture risk. Osteoporosis is characterized by decrease in bone mass and microarchitectural changes in the bone that increases fracture risk. Screening for osteoporosis may help facilitate treatment before fractures occur. Preventing fractures needs patient and physician understanding of bone health to improve and requires a team effort.
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Papageorgiou M, Martin D, Colgan H, Cooper S, Greeves JP, Tang JCY, Fraser WD, Elliott-Sale KJ, Sale C. Bone metabolic responses to low energy availability achieved by diet or exercise in active eumenorrheic women. Bone 2018; 114:181-188. [PMID: 29933113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to explore the effects of low energy availability (EA)[15 kcal·kg lean body mass (LBM)-1·d-1] achieved by diet or exercise on bone turnover markers in active, eumenorrheic women. METHODS By using a crossover design, ten eumenorrheic women (VO2 peak: 48.1 ± 3.3 ml·kg-1·min-1) completed all three, 3-day conditions in a randomised order: controlled EA (CON; 45 kcal·kgLBM-1·d-1), low EA through dietary energy restriction (D-RES; 15 kcal·kgLBM-1·d-1) and low EA through increasing exercise energy expenditure (E-RES; 15 kcal·kgLBM-1·d-1), during the follicular phase of three menstrual cycles. In CON, D-RES and E-RES, participants consumed diets providing 45, 15 and 45 kcal·kgLBM-1·d-1. In E-RES only, participants completed supervised running sessions (129 ± 10 min·d-1) at 70% of their VO2 peak that resulted in an exercise energy expenditure of 30 kcal·kg LBM-1·d-1. Blood samples were collected at baseline (BASE) and at the end of the 3-day period (D6) and analysed for bone turnover markers (β-CTX and P1NP), markers of calcium metabolism (PTH, albumin-adjusted Ca, Mg and PO4) and hormones (IGF-1, T3, insulin, leptin and 17β-oestradiol). RESULTS In D-RES, P1NP concentrations at D6 decreased by 17% (BASE: 54.8 ± 12.7 μg·L-1, D6: 45.2 ± 9.3 μg·L-1, P < 0.001, d = 0.91) and were lower than D6 concentrations in CON (D6: 52.5 ± 11.9 μg·L-1, P = 0.001). P1NP did not change significantly in E-RES (BASE: 55.3 ± 14.4 μg·L-1, D6: 50.9 ± 15.8 μg·L-1, P = 0.14). β-CTX concentrations did not change following D-RES (BASE: 0.48 ± 0.18 μg·L-1, D6: 0.55 ± 0.17 μg·L-1) or E-RES (BASE: 0.47 ± 0.24 μg·L-1, D6: 0.49 ± 0.18 μg·L-1) (condition × time interaction effect, P = 0.17). There were no significant differences in P1NP (P = 0.25) or β-CTX (P = 0.13) responses between D-RES and E-RES. Both conditions resulted in reductions in IGF-1 (-13% and - 23% from BASE in D-RES and E-RES, both P < 0.01) and leptin (-59% and - 61% from BASE in D-RES and E-RES, both P < 0.001); T3 decreased in D-RES only (-15% from BASE, P = 0.002) and PO4 concentrations decreased in E-RES only (-9%, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Low EA achieved through dietary energy restriction resulted in a significant decrease in bone formation but no change in bone resorption, whereas low EA achieved through exercise energy expenditure did not significantly influence bone metabolism. Both low EA conditions elicited significant and similar changes in hormone concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papageorgiou
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, NG11 8NS, UK; Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull Medical School, University of Hull, Brocklehurst Building, Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Hull HU3 2RW, UK.
| | - Daniel Martin
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, NG11 8NS, UK; School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Hannah Colgan
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Simon Cooper
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Julie P Greeves
- Army Personnel Research Capability, HQ Army, Monxton Road, Andover, Hampshire, SP11 8HT, UK.
| | - Jonathan C Y Tang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, UK, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - William D Fraser
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, UK, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - Kirsty J Elliott-Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, NG11 8NS, UK.
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Abstract
Bone health is determined by the rate of accrual in early life, followed by the rate of age-associated bone loss. Dietary protein intake might have a role in bone health across both of these phases via pleiotropic mechanistic pathways. Herein we summarise the pathways through which protein may exert either a positive or negative influence on bone. In the introduction, we describe the acid-ash hypothesis, which states that a high-protein intake may lead to an acidic residue that must be neutralised through the leaching of calcium and other minerals from the bone, subsequently leading to demineralisation and bone weakening. Conversely, and as described in the 'Against: mechanisms through which protein may negatively impact bone' section, protein intake may act to strengthen the bone by stimulating the activity of various anabolic hormones and growth factors, or by optimising muscle mass and functionality, which itself has an osteogenic influence. The net effect of these contrasting pathways is described in the 'For: mechanisms through which protein may positively impact bone' section, where a number of meta-analyses have demonstrated that higher protein intakes have a small positive impact on bone mass and fracture risk. Sometimes higher than recommended protein intakes are advised, e.g. during the earlier and later phases of the lifespan or during reduced energy availability. We conclude that protein is an essential nutrient for bone health, although further research is required to clarify the mechanistic pathways through which it exerts its influence, along with the clarification of the quantities, food sources and timing to allow for the optimisation of this protective influence and ultimately a reduction in fracture risk.
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Sassi F, Buondonno I, Luppi C, Spertino E, Stratta E, Di Stefano M, Ravazzoli M, Isaia G, Trento M, Passera P, Porta M, Isaia GC, D’Amelio P. Type 2 diabetes affects bone cells precursors and bone turnover. BMC Endocr Disord 2018; 18:55. [PMID: 30089481 PMCID: PMC6083573 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here we study the effect of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on bone cell precursors, turnover and cytokines involved in the control of bone cell formation and activity. METHODS We enrolled in the study 21 T2DM women and 21 non diabetic controls matched for age and body mass index (BMI). In each subject we measured bone cell precursors, Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB (RANKL), Osteoprotegerin (OPG), Sclerostin (SCL) and Dickoppf-1 (DKK-1) as cytokines involved in the control of osteoblast and osteoclast formation and activity, bone density (BMD) and quality trough trabecular bone score (TBS) and bone turnover. T2DM patients and controls were compared for the analyzed variables by one way ANOVA for Gaussian ones and by Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test for non-Gaussian variables. RESULTS RANKL was decreased and DKK-1 increased in T2DM. Accordingly, patients with T2DM have lower bone turnover compared to controls. BMD and TBS were not significantly different from healthy controls. Bone precursor cells were more immature in T2DM. However the number of osteoclast precursors was increased and that of osteoblasts decreased. CONCLUSIONS Patients with T2DM have more immature bone cells precursors, with increased number of osteoclasts and decreased osteoblasts, confirming low bone turnover and reduced cytokines such as RANKL and DKK-1. BMD and TBS are not significantly altered in T2DM although, in contrast with other studies, this may be due to the match of patients and controls for BMI rather than age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sassi
- Department of Medical Science, Gerontology and Bone Metabolic Diseases, University of Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Buondonno
- Department of Medical Science, Gerontology and Bone Metabolic Diseases, University of Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Luppi
- Department of Medical Science, Gerontology and Bone Metabolic Diseases, University of Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Spertino
- Department of Medical Science, Gerontology and Bone Metabolic Diseases, University of Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Stratta
- Department of Medical Science, Gerontology and Bone Metabolic Diseases, University of Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Di Stefano
- Department of Medical Science, Gerontology and Bone Metabolic Diseases, University of Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Ravazzoli
- Department of Medical Science, Gerontology and Bone Metabolic Diseases, University of Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Isaia
- Geriatric Division, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Trento
- Department of Medical Science, Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pietro Passera
- Department of Medical Science, Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Porta
- Department of Medical Science, Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Carlo Isaia
- Department of Medical Science, Gerontology and Bone Metabolic Diseases, University of Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia D’Amelio
- Department of Medical Science, Gerontology and Bone Metabolic Diseases, University of Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Montes Chañi EM, Pacheco SOS, Martínez GA, Freitas MR, Ivona JG, Ivona JA, Craig WJ, Pacheco FJ. Long-Term Dietary Intake of Chia Seed Is Associated with Increased Bone Mineral Content and Improved Hepatic and Intestinal Morphology in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070922. [PMID: 30029467 PMCID: PMC6073254 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) provide an unusually high content of α-linolenic acid with several potential health benefits, but few studies have examined the long-term intake of n-3 fatty acid-rich plant foods such as chia. In this work, we investigated some of the effects of a diet containing 10% chia seeds versus a conventional isocaloric diet for 10 and 13 months on body measurements, musculoskeletal system, the liver, and the intestines of 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats assigned into two groups. The n-6/n-3 ratios for the control and chia diets were 7.46 and 1.07, respectively. For the first 10 months of the diet, the body parameters and weights were similar, but at 13 months, the bone mineral content (BMC) of the chia-fed rats was significantly higher than that of the controls whether in total or proximal areas of the left tibia. Also, significant positive correlations were found between the age of the chia group and the bone mineral density, BMC, weight of the musculoskeletal system, final body weight, and skin weight. Liver and intestinal examinations showed improved morphology associated with lower lipid deposit in hepatocytes and increased intestinal muscle layers and crypt size in the chia group. This study provides new data suggesting the potential benefits associated with the long-term intake of chia seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn M Montes Chañi
- Center for Health Sciences Research, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos 3103, Argentina.
- Institute for Food Science and Nutrition, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos 3103, Argentina.
| | - Sandaly O S Pacheco
- Center for Health Sciences Research, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos 3103, Argentina.
- Institute for Food Science and Nutrition, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos 3103, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo A Martínez
- Center for Health Sciences Research, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos 3103, Argentina.
| | - Maykon R Freitas
- Center for Health Sciences Research, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos 3103, Argentina.
| | - Joaquin G Ivona
- Center for Health Sciences Research, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos 3103, Argentina.
| | - Javier A Ivona
- Center for Health Sciences Research, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos 3103, Argentina.
| | - Winston J Craig
- Center for Health Sciences Research, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos 3103, Argentina.
- Department of Public Health, Nutrition and Wellness, School of Health Professions, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104, USA.
| | - Fabio J Pacheco
- Center for Health Sciences Research, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos 3103, Argentina.
- Institute for Food Science and Nutrition, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Libertador San Martín, Entre Ríos 3103, Argentina.
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Nugent SD, Kaats GR, Preuss HG. Discordance Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and a Novel Body Composition Change Index (BCCI) as Outcome Measures in Weight Change Interventions. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:302-307. [PMID: 29425469 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1397566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A general assumption is that the body mass index (BMI) reflects changes in fat mass (FM). However, it fails to distinguish the type of weight that is lost or gained-fat mass (FM) or fat-free mass (FFM). The BMI treats both changes the same although they have opposite health consequences. The objective of this study was to propose a more precise measure, a body composition change index (BCCI), which distinguishes between changes in FM and FFM, and this study compares it with using the BMI as an outcome measure. METHODS Data were obtained from 3,870 subjects who had completed dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) total body scans at baseline and end-of-study when participating in a variety of weight-loss interventions. Since height remained constant in this adult cohort, changes in the BMI corresponded with scale weight changes (r = 0.994), allowing BMI changes to be converted to "lbs." to match the statistic used for calculation of the BCCI. The BCCI is calculated by scoring increases in FFM (lbs.) and decreases in FM (lbs.) as positive outcomes and scoring decreases in FFM and increases in FM as negative outcomes. The BCCI is the net sum of these calculations. Differences between scale weight changes and BCCI values were subsequently compared to obtain "discordance scores." RESULTS Discordance scores ranged from 0.0 lbs. to >30.0 lbs. with a mean absolute value of between the two measures of 7.79 lbs. (99% confidence interval: 7.49-8.10, p <0.00001), SD = 7.4 lbs. Similar discordance scores were also found in subgroups of self-reported gender, ethnicity, and age. CONCLUSIONS A significant difference of 7.79 lbs. was found between the BCCI and the BMI to evaluate the efficacy of weight loss interventions. If assessing changes in body composition is a treatment goal, use of the BMI could result in significantly erroneous conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Nugent
- a Chairman of Scientific Advisory Board, Mannatech, Inc. , Coppell , Texas
| | - Gilbert R Kaats
- b Biomedical Informatics, Integrative Health Technologies, Inc. , San Antonio , Texas
| | - Harry G Preuss
- c Department of Biochemistry , Georgetown University , Washington DC
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Viardot A, Purtell L, Nguyen TV, Campbell LV. Relative Contributions of Lean and Fat Mass to Bone Mineral Density: Insight From Prader-Willi Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:480. [PMID: 30186239 PMCID: PMC6113716 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is the most important risk factor for fragility fracture. Body weight is a simple screening predictor of difference in BMD between individuals. However, it is not clear which component of body weight, lean (LM), or fat mass (FM), is associated with BMD. People with the genetic disorder of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) uniquely have a reduced LM despite increased FM. Objective: We sought to define the individual impact of LM and FM on BMD by investigating subjects with and without PWS. Design, Setting and Participants: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinical Research Facility of the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, with PWS and control participants recruited from a specialized PWS clinic and from the general public by advertisement, respectively. The study involved 11 adults with PWS, who were age- and sex-matched with 12 obese individuals (Obese group) and 10 lean individuals (Lean group). Main Outcome Measures: Whole body BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Total body FM and LM were derived from the whole body scan. Differences in BMD between groups were assessed by the analysis of covariance model, taking into account the effects of LM and FM. Results: The PWS group had significantly shorter height than the lean and obese groups. As expected, there was no significant difference in FM between the Obese and PWS group, and no significant difference in LM between the Lean and PWS group. However, obese individuals had greater LM than lean individuals. BMD in lean individuals was significantly lower than in PWS individuals (1.13 g/cm2 vs. 1.21 g/cm2, p < 0.05) and obese individuals (1.13 g/cm2 vs. 1.25 g/cm2, p < 0.05). After adjusting for both LM and FM, there was no significant difference in BMD between groups, and the only significant predictor of BMD was LM. Conclusions: These data from the human genetic model Prader-Willi syndrome suggest that LM is a stronger determinant of BMD than fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Viardot
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Alexander Viardot
| | - Louise Purtell
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Tuan V. Nguyen
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Lesley V. Campbell
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Papageorgiou M, Dolan E, Elliott-Sale KJ, Sale C. Reduced energy availability: implications for bone health in physically active populations. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:847-859. [PMID: 28721562 PMCID: PMC5861178 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The present review critically evaluates existing literature on the effects of short- and long-term low energy availability (EA) on bone metabolism and health in physically active individuals. Methods We reviewed the literature on the short-term effects of low EA on markers of bone metabolism and the long-term effects of low EA on outcomes relating to bone health (bone mass, microarchitecture and strength, bone metabolic markers and stress fracture injury risk) in physically active individuals. Results Available evidence indicates that short-term low EA may increase markers of bone resorption and decrease markers of bone formation in physically active women. Bone metabolic marker responses to low EA are less well known in physically active men. Cross-sectional studies investigating the effects of long-term low EA suggest that physically active individuals who have low EA present with lower bone mass, altered bone metabolism (favouring bone resorption), reduced bone strength and increased risk for stress fracture injuries. Conclusions Reduced EA has a negative influence on bone in both the short- and long-term, and every effort should be made to reduce its occurrence in physically active individuals. Future interventions are needed to explore the effects of long-term reduced EA on bone health outcomes, while short-term low EA studies are also required to give insight into the pathophysiology of bone alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papageorgiou
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Eimear Dolan
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
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