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Rashid A, Achary VMM, Abdin MZ, Karippadakam S, Parmar H, Panditi V, Prakash G, Bhatnagar-Mathur P, Reddy MK. Cytokinin oxidase2-deficient mutants improve panicle and grain architecture through cytokinin accumulation and enhance drought tolerance in indica rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:207. [PMID: 39096362 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The Osckx2 mutant accumulates cytokinin thereby enhancing panicle branching, grain yield, and drought tolerance, marked by improved survival rate, membrane integrity, and photosynthetic function. Cytokinins (CKs) are multifaceted hormones that regulate growth, development, and stress responses in plants. Cytokinins have been implicated in improved panicle architecture and grain yield; however, they are inactivated by the enzyme cytokinin oxidase (CKX). In this study, we developed a cytokinin oxidase 2 (Osckx2)-deficient mutant using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in indica rice and assessed its function under water-deficit and salinity conditions. Loss of OsCKX2 function increased grain number, secondary panicle branching, and overall grain yield through improved cytokinin content in the panicle tissue. Under drought conditions, the Osckx2 mutant conserved more water and demonstrated improved water-saving traits. Through reduced transpiration, Osckx2 mutants showed an improved survival response than the wild type to unset dehydration stress. Further, Osckx2 maintained chloroplast and membrane integrity and showed significantly improved photosynthetic function under drought conditions through enhanced antioxidant protection systems. The OsCKX2 function negatively affects panicle grain number and drought tolerance, with no discernible impact in response to salinity. The finding suggests the utility of the beneficial Osckx2 allele in breeding to develop climate-resilient, high-yielding cultivars for future food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Rashid
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, India, 110067
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, 110062
| | - V Mohan M Achary
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, India, 110067.
| | - M Z Abdin
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, 110062
| | - Sangeetha Karippadakam
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, India, 110067
| | - Hemangini Parmar
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, India, 110067
| | - Varakumar Panditi
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, India, 110067
| | - Ganesan Prakash
- Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India, 110012
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar-Mathur
- Plant Breeding and Genetics, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), PO-1001400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Malireddy K Reddy
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, India, 110067
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Ai Y, Chen Y, Wang N, Li J, Liu J, Shen L, Sun X, Han L, Chao Y. Overexpression of MtIPT gene enhanced drought tolerance and delayed leaf senescence of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:734. [PMID: 39085786 PMCID: PMC11293197 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isopentenyltransferases (IPT) serve as crucial rate-limiting enzyme in cytokinin synthesis, playing a vital role in plant growth, development, and resistance to abiotic stress. RESULTS Compared to the wild type, transgenic creeping bentgrass exhibited a slower growth rate, heightened drought tolerance, and improved shade tolerance attributed to delayed leaf senescence. Additionally, transgenic plants showed significant increases in antioxidant enzyme levels, chlorophyll content, and soluble sugars. Importantly, this study uncovered that overexpression of the MtIPT gene not only significantly enhanced cytokinin and auxin content but also influenced brassinosteroid level. RNA-seq analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between transgenic and wild type plants were closely associated with plant hormone signal transduction, steroid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis, oxidation-reduction process, cytokinin metabolism, and wax biosynthesis. And numerous DEGs related to growth, development, and stress tolerance were identified, including cytokinin signal transduction genes (CRE1, B-ARR), antioxidase-related genes (APX2, PEX11, PER1), Photosynthesis-related genes (ATPF1A, PSBQ, PETF), flavonoid synthesis genes (F3H, C12RT1, DFR), wax synthesis gene (MAH1), senescence-associated gene (SAG20), among others. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the MtIPT gene acts as a negative regulator of plant growth and development, while also playing a crucial role in the plant's response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ai
- School of Grassland Science of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sports Field and Slope Protection Turf, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yinglong Chen
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ning Wang
- Shenzhen Tidyfield System Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- School of Grassland Science of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sports Field and Slope Protection Turf, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Jinnan Liu
- School of Grassland Science of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sports Field and Slope Protection Turf, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Liangying Shen
- School of Grassland Science of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sports Field and Slope Protection Turf, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbo Sun
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Liebao Han
- School of Grassland Science of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sports Field and Slope Protection Turf, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuehui Chao
- School of Grassland Science of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sports Field and Slope Protection Turf, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China.
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de Camargo Santos A, Schaffer B, Ioannou AG, Moon P, Shahid M, Rowland D, Tillman B, Bremgartner M, Fotopoulos V, Bassil E. Melatonin seed priming improves early establishment and water stress tolerance of peanut. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108664. [PMID: 38703498 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Water stress is a major cause of yield loss in peanut cultivation. Melatonin seed priming has been used to enhance stress tolerance in several crops, but not in peanut. We investigated the impact of seed priming with melatonin on the growth, development, and drought tolerance of two peanut cultivars, TUFRunner™ '511', a drought tolerant cultivar, and New Mexico Valencia A, a drought sensitive cultivar. Peanut seed priming tests using variable rates of melatonin (0-200 μM), indicated that 50 μM of melatonin resulted in more uniform seed germination and improved seedling growth in both cultivars under non stress conditions. Seed priming with melatonin also promoted vegetative growth, as evidenced by higher whole-plant transpiration, net CO2 assimilation, and root water uptake under both well-watered and water stress conditions in both cultivars. Higher antioxidant activity and protective osmolyte accumulation, lower reactive oxygen species accumulation and membrane damage were observed in primed compared with non-primed plants. Seed priming with melatonin induced a growth promoting effect that was more evident under well-watered conditions for TUFRunnner™ '511', whereas for New Mexico Valencia A, major differences in physiological responses were observed under water stress conditions. New Mexico Valencia A primed plants exhibited a more sensitized stress response, with faster down-regulation of photosynthesis and transpiration compared with non-primed plants. The results demonstrate that melatonin seed priming has significant potential to improve early establishment and promote growth of peanut under optimal conditions, while also improve stress tolerance during water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce Schaffer
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
| | - Andreas G Ioannou
- Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Pamela Moon
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, 32351, USA.
| | - Diane Rowland
- College of Natural Sciences, Forestry, and Agriculture, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - Barry Tillman
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL, 32446, USA.
| | - Matthew Bremgartner
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Elias Bassil
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2098, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Rathore RS, Mishra M, Pareek A, Singla-Pareek SL. Concurrent improvement of rice grain yield and abiotic stress tolerance by overexpression of cytokinin activating enzyme LONELY GUY (OsLOG). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108635. [PMID: 38688114 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Meristem activity is important for normal plant growth as well as adaptive plastic development under abiotic stresses. Cytokinin has been recognized to have a major role in regulating meristem function which is controlled by cytokinin activating enzymes by fine-tuning the concentrations and spatial distribution of its bioactive forms. It was previously reported that LONELY GUY (LOG) acts in the direct activation pathway of cytokinin in rice shoot meristems. LOG has a cytokinin specific phosphoribohydrolase activity, which transforms inactive cytokinin nucleotides into active free bases. Here, we explored the role of OsLOG in controlling meristem activity mediated by cytokinin and its effects on growth, development, and stress resilience of rice plants. Overexpression of OsLOG in rice led to significant alterations in cytokinin levels in the inflorescence meristem, leading to enhanced plant growth, biomass and grain yield under both non-stress as well as stress conditions such as drought and salinity. Moreover, our study provides insight into how overexpression of OsLOG improves the ability of plants to withstand stress. The OsLOG-overexpressing lines exhibit reduced accumulation of H2O2 along with elevated antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby maintaining better redox homeostasis under stress conditions. This ultimately reduces the negative impact of stresses on grain yield and improves harvest index, as evidenced by observations in the OsLOG-overexpressing lines. In summary, our study emphasizes the diverse role of OsLOG, not only in regulating plant growth and yield via cytokinin but also in enhancing adaptability to abiotic stresses. This highlights its potential to improve crop yield and promote sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Singh Rathore
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manjari Mishra
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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5
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Asad MAU, Yan Z, Zhou L, Guan X, Cheng F. How abiotic stresses trigger sugar signaling to modulate leaf senescence? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108650. [PMID: 38653095 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Plants have evolved the adaptive capacity to mitigate the negative effect of external adversities at chemical, molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. This capacity is conferred by triggering the coordinated action of internal regulatory factors, in which sugars play an essential role in the regulating chloroplast degradation and leaf senescence under various stresses. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the senescent-associated changes in carbohydrate metabolism and its relation to chlorophyl degradation, oxidative damage, photosynthesis inhibition, programmed cell death (PCD), and sink-source relation as affected by abiotic stresses. The action of sugar signaling in regulating the initiation and progression of leaf senescence under abiotic stresses involves interactions with various plant hormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, and protein kinases. This discussion aims to elucidate the complex regulatory network and molecular mechanisms that underline sugar-induced leaf senescence in response to various abiotic stresses. The imperative role of sugar signaling in regulating plant stress responses potentially enables the production of crop plants with modified sugar metabolism. This, in turn, may facilitate the engineering of plants with improved stress responses, optimal life span and higher yield achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhmmad Asad Ullah Asad
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhang Yan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lujian Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianyue Guan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fangmin Cheng
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing, China.
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Zhang F, Rosental L, Ji B, Brotman Y, Dai M. Metabolite-mediated adaptation of crops to drought and the acquisition of tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:626-644. [PMID: 38241088 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Drought is one of the major and growing threats to agriculture productivity and food security. Metabolites are involved in the regulation of plant responses to various environmental stresses, including drought stress. The complex drought tolerance can be ascribed to several simple metabolic traits. These traits could then be used for detecting the genetic architecture of drought tolerance. Plant metabolomes show dynamic differences when drought occurs during different developmental stages or upon different levels of drought stress. Here, we reviewed the major and most recent findings regarding the metabolite-mediated plant drought response. Recent progress in the development of drought-tolerant agents is also discussed. We provide an updated schematic overview of metabolome-driven solutions for increasing crop drought tolerance and thereby addressing an impending agricultural challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Leah Rosental
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Boming Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Mingqiu Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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7
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Yu W, Luo L, Qi X, Cao Y, An J, Xie Z, Hu T, Yang P. Insights into the Impact of Trans-Zeatin Overproduction-Engineered Sinorhizobium meliloti on Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Tolerance to Drought Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8650-8663. [PMID: 38564678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria have been shown to enhance plant tolerance to drought stress through various mechanisms. However, there is limited research on improving drought resistance in alfalfa by genetically modifying PGPR to produce increased levels of cytokinins. Herein, we employed synthetic biology approaches to engineer two novel strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti capable of overproducing trans-Zeatin and investigated their potential in enhancing drought tolerance in alfalfa. Our results demonstrate that alfalfa plants inoculated with these engineered S. meliloti strains exhibited reduced wilting and yellowing while maintaining higher relative water content under drought conditions. The engineered S. meliloti-induced tZ activated the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the accumulation of osmolytes. Additionally, the increased endogenous tZ content in plants alleviated the impact of drought stress on the alfalfa photosynthetic rate. However, under nondrought conditions, inoculation with the engineered S. meliloti strains had no significant effect on alfalfa biomass and nodule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Yu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Li Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiangyu Qi
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuman Cao
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jie An
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- Shaanxi Academy of Forestry, Xi'an 710082, China
| | - Tianming Hu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Peizhi Yang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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8
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Atia M, Jiang W, Sedeek K, Butt H, Mahfouz M. Crop bioengineering via gene editing: reshaping the future of agriculture. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:98. [PMID: 38494539 PMCID: PMC10944814 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Genome-editing technologies have revolutionized research in plant biology, with major implications for agriculture and worldwide food security, particularly in the face of challenges such as climate change and increasing human populations. Among these technologies, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats [CRISPR]-CRISPR-associated protein [Cas] systems are now widely used for editing crop plant genomes. In this review, we provide an overview of CRISPR-Cas technology and its most significant applications for improving crop sustainability. We also review current and potential technological advances that will aid in the future breeding of crops to enhance food security worldwide. Finally, we discuss the obstacles and challenges that must be overcome to realize the maximum potential of genome-editing technologies for future crop and food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Atia
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Sedeek
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haroon Butt
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Mahfouz
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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9
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Xu Y, Ran S, Li S, Lu J, Huang W, Zheng J, Hou M, Zhong F. Genome-Wide Identification and Abiotic Stress Expression Analysis of CKX and IPT Family Genes in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:422. [PMID: 38337953 PMCID: PMC10856886 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are among the hormones that regulate plants' growth and development, and the CKX and IPT genes, which are CK degradation and biosynthesis genes, respectively, play important roles in fine-tuning plants' cytokinin levels. However, the current research on the function of IPT and CKX in cucumber's growth, development, and response to abiotic stress is not specific enough, and their regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we focused on the IPT and CKX genes in cucumber, analyzed the physiological and biochemical properties of their encoded proteins, and explored their expression patterns in different tissue parts and under low light, salt stress, and drought stress. Eight CsCKX and eight CsIPT genes were identified from the cucumber genome. We constructed a phylogenetic tree from the amino acid sequences and performed prediction analyses of the cis-acting elements of the CsCKX and CsIPT promoters to determine whether CsCKXs and CsIPTs are responsive to light, abiotic stress, and different hormones. We also performed expression analysis of these genes in different tissues, and we found that CsCKXs and CsIPTs were highly expressed in roots and male flowers. Thus, they are involved in the whole growth and development process of the plant. This paper provides a reference for further research on the biological functions of CsIPT and CsCKX in regulating the growth and development of cucumber and its response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.X.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Shengxiang Ran
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.X.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Shuhao Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.X.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Junyang Lu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.X.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
| | | | - Jingyuan Zheng
- Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Maomao Hou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.X.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Fenglin Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.X.); (S.R.); (J.L.)
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Joshi P, Soni P, Sharma V, Manohar SS, Kumar S, Sharma S, Pasupuleti J, Vadez V, Varshney RK, Pandey MK, Puppala N. Genome-Wide Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Yield-Attributing Traits of Peanut. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:140. [PMID: 38397130 PMCID: PMC10888419 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are important high-protein and oil-containing legume crops adapted to arid to semi-arid regions. The yield and quality of peanuts are complex quantitative traits that show high environmental influence. In this study, a recombinant inbred line population (RIL) (Valencia-C × JUG-03) was developed and phenotyped for nine traits under two environments. A genetic map was constructed using 1323 SNP markers spanning a map distance of 2003.13 cM. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using this genetic map and phenotyping data identified seventeen QTLs for nine traits. Intriguingly, a total of four QTLs, two each for 100-seed weight (HSW) and shelling percentage (SP), showed major and consistent effects, explaining 10.98% to 14.65% phenotypic variation. The major QTLs for HSW and SP harbored genes associated with seed and pod development such as the seed maturation protein-encoding gene, serine-threonine phosphatase gene, TIR-NBS-LRR gene, protein kinase superfamily gene, bHLH transcription factor-encoding gene, isopentyl transferase gene, ethylene-responsive transcription factor-encoding gene and cytochrome P450 superfamily gene. Additionally, the identification of 76 major epistatic QTLs, with PVE ranging from 11.63% to 72.61%, highlighted their significant role in determining the yield- and quality-related traits. The significant G × E interaction revealed the existence of the major role of the environment in determining the phenotype of yield-attributing traits. Notably, the seed maturation protein-coding gene in the vicinity of major QTLs for HSW can be further investigated to develop a diagnostic marker for HSW in peanut breeding. This study provides understanding of the genetic factor governing peanut traits and valuable insights for future breeding efforts aimed at improving yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpesh Joshi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (P.J.); (V.S.); (S.S.M.); (J.P.); (R.K.V.)
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut 250004, India;
| | - Pooja Soni
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (P.J.); (V.S.); (S.S.M.); (J.P.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Vinay Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (P.J.); (V.S.); (S.S.M.); (J.P.); (R.K.V.)
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut 250004, India;
| | - Surendra S. Manohar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (P.J.); (V.S.); (S.S.M.); (J.P.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Sampath Kumar
- Agricultural Research Station, Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Anantapur 515591, India;
| | - Shailendra Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut 250004, India;
| | - Janila Pasupuleti
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (P.J.); (V.S.); (S.S.M.); (J.P.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Vincent Vadez
- Institut de Recherche pour le Development (IRD), Université de Montpellier, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité et Adaptation des Espèces (UMR DIADE), 34394 Montpellier, France;
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (P.J.); (V.S.); (S.S.M.); (J.P.); (R.K.V.)
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (P.J.); (V.S.); (S.S.M.); (J.P.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Naveen Puppala
- Agricultural Science Center at Clovis, New Mexico State University, Clovis, NM 88101, USA
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11
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Asim M, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Guo M, Khan R, Wang XL, Hussain Q, Shi Y. Leaf senescence attributes: the novel and emerging role of sugars as signaling molecules and the overlap of sugars and hormones signaling nodes. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1092-1110. [PMID: 35968918 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2094215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sugars are the primary products of photosynthesis and play multiple roles in plants. Although sugars are usually considered to be the building blocks of energy storage and carbon transport molecules, they have also gradually come to be acknowledged as signaling molecules that can initiate senescence. Senescence is an active and essential process that occurs at the last developmental stage and corresponds to programmed degradation of: cells, tissues, organs, and entire organisms. It is a complex process involving: numerous biochemical changes, transporters, genes, and transcription factors. The process is controlled by multiple developmental signals, among which sugar signals are considered to play a vital role; however, the regulatory pathways involved are not fully understood. The dynamic mechanistic framework of sugar accumulation has an inconsistent effect on senescence through the sugar signaling pathway. Key metabolizing enzymes produce different sugar signals in response to the onset of senescence. Diverse sugar signal transduction pathways and a variety of sugar sensors are involved in controlling leaf senescence. This review highlights the processes underlying initiation of sugar signaling and crosstalk between sugars and hormones signal transduction pathways affecting leaf senescence. This summary of the state of current knowledge across different plants aids in filling knowledge gaps and raises key questions that remain to be answered with respect to regulation of leaf senescence by sugar signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yanguo Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Rayyan Khan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Lin Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| | - Quaid Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
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12
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Lv Z, Zhou D, Shi X, Ren J, Zhang H, Zhong C, Kang S, Zhao X, Yu H, Wang C. The determination of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pod-sizes during the rapid-growth stage by phytohormones. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:371. [PMID: 37491223 PMCID: PMC10369843 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pod size is an important yield target trait for peanut breeding. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the determination of peanut pod size still remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, two peanut varieties with contrasting pod sizes were used for comparison of differences on the transcriptomic and endogenous hormonal levels. Developing peanut pods were sampled at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after pegging (DAP). Our results showed that the process of peanut pod-expansion could be divided into three stages: the gradual-growth stage, the rapid-growth stage and the slow-growth stage. Cytological analysis confirmed that the faster increase of cell-number during the rapid-growth stage was the main reason for the formation of larger pod size in Lps. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the expression of key genes related to the auxin, the cytokinin (CK) and the gibberellin (GA) were mostly up-regulated during the rapid-growth stage. Meanwhile, the cell division-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mostly up-regulated at 10DAP which was consistent with the cytological-observation. Additionally, the absolute quantification of phytohormones were carried out by liquid-chromatography coupled with the tandem-mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and results supported the findings from comparative transcriptomic studies. CONCLUSIONS It was speculated that the differential expression levels of TAA1 and ARF (auxin-related), IPT and B-ARR (CK-related), KAO, GA20ox and GA3ox (GA-related), and certain cell division-related genes (gene-LOC112747313 and gene-LOC112754661) were important participating factors of the determination-mechanism of peanut pod sizes. These results were informative for the elucidation of the underlying regulatory network in peanut pod-growth and would facilitate further identification of valuable target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Lv
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongying Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolong Shi
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyao Ren
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuli Kang
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiqiu Yu
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
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13
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Li L, Zheng Q, Jiang W, Xiao N, Zeng F, Chen G, Mak M, Chen ZH, Deng F. Molecular Regulation and Evolution of Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Abiotic Stresses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1787-1805. [PMID: 35639886 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable production of crops faces increasing challenges from global climate change and human activities, which leads to increasing instances of many abiotic stressors to plants. Among the abiotic stressors, drought, salinity and excessive levels of toxic metals cause reductions in global agricultural productivity and serious health risks for humans. Cytokinins (CKs) are key phytohormones functioning in both normal development and stress responses in plants. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms on the biosynthesis, metabolism, transport and signaling transduction pathways of CKs. CKs act as negative regulators of both root system architecture plasticity and root sodium exclusion in response to salt stress. The functions of CKs in mineral-toxicity tolerance and their detoxification in plants are reviewed. Comparative genomic analyses were performed to trace the origin, evolution and diversification of the critical regulatory networks linking CK signaling and abiotic stress. We found that the production of CKs and their derivatives, pathways of signal transduction and drought-response root growth regulation are evolutionarily conserved in land plants. In addition, the mechanisms of CK-mediated sodium exclusion under salt stress are suggested for further investigations. In summary, we propose that the manipulation of CK levels and their signaling pathways is important for plant abiotic stress and is, therefore, a potential strategy for meeting the increasing demand for global food production under changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Qingfeng Zheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Nayun Xiao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Michelle Mak
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Fenglin Deng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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14
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Puppala N, Nayak SN, Sanz-Saez A, Chen C, Devi MJ, Nivedita N, Bao Y, He G, Traore SM, Wright DA, Pandey MK, Sharma V. Sustaining yield and nutritional quality of peanuts in harsh environments: Physiological and molecular basis of drought and heat stress tolerance. Front Genet 2023; 14:1121462. [PMID: 36968584 PMCID: PMC10030941 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1121462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is significantly impacting agricultural production worldwide. Peanuts provide food and nutritional security to millions of people across the globe because of its high nutritive values. Drought and heat stress alone or in combination cause substantial yield losses to peanut production. The stress, in addition, adversely impact nutritional quality. Peanuts exposed to drought stress at reproductive stage are prone to aflatoxin contamination, which imposes a restriction on use of peanuts as health food and also adversely impact peanut trade. A comprehensive understanding of the impact of drought and heat stress at physiological and molecular levels may accelerate the development of stress tolerant productive peanut cultivars adapted to a given production system. Significant progress has been achieved towards the characterization of germplasm for drought and heat stress tolerance, unlocking the physiological and molecular basis of stress tolerance, identifying significant marker-trait associations as well major QTLs and candidate genes associated with drought tolerance, which after validation may be deployed to initiate marker-assisted breeding for abiotic stress adaptation in peanut. The proof of concept about the use of transgenic technology to add value to peanuts has been demonstrated. Advances in phenomics and artificial intelligence to accelerate the timely and cost-effective collection of phenotyping data in large germplasm/breeding populations have also been discussed. Greater focus is needed to accelerate research on heat stress tolerance in peanut. A suits of technological innovations are now available in the breeders toolbox to enhance productivity and nutritional quality of peanuts in harsh environments. A holistic breeding approach that considers drought and heat-tolerant traits to simultaneously address both stresses could be a successful strategy to produce climate-resilient peanut genotypes with improved nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Puppala
- Agricultural Science Center at Clovis, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
- *Correspondence: Naveen Puppala,
| | - Spurthi N. Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Alvaro Sanz-Saez
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Charles Chen
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Mura Jyostna Devi
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nivedita Nivedita
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yin Bao
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Guohao He
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - Sy M. Traore
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - David A. Wright
- Department of Biotechnology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
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15
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Nowicka B. Modifications of Phytohormone Metabolism Aimed at Stimulation of Plant Growth, Improving Their Productivity and Tolerance to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Factors. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3430. [PMID: 36559545 PMCID: PMC9781743 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing human population, the increase in crop yield is an important challenge for modern agriculture. As abiotic and biotic stresses cause severe losses in agriculture, it is also crucial to obtain varieties that are more tolerant to these factors. In the past, traditional breeding methods were used to obtain new varieties displaying demanded traits. Nowadays, genetic engineering is another available tool. An important direction of the research on genetically modified plants concerns the modification of phytohormone metabolism. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art research concerning the modulation of phytohormone content aimed at the stimulation of plant growth and the improvement of stress tolerance. It aims to provide a useful basis for developing new strategies for crop yield improvement by genetic engineering of phytohormone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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16
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Li Z, Yun L, Ren X, Shi F, Mi F. Analysis of controlling genes for tiller growth of Psathyrostachys juncea based on transcriptome sequencing technology. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:456. [PMID: 36151542 PMCID: PMC9502641 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03837-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tillering is a complicated process in plant and is a significant trait that affects biomass and seed yield of bunch grass Psathyrostachys juncea, a typical perennial forage species. To clarify the regulatory mechanisms of tillering in P. juncea and to explore related candidate genes could be helpful to improve the seed and forage yield of perennial gramineous forages. We selected the tiller node tissues of P. juncea for transcriptome sequencing to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEG) between dense and sparse tillering genotypes. The metabolic pathway was studied, candidate genes were screened, and reference genes stability were evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that approximately 5466 DEGs were identified between the two genotypes with dense and sparse tillers of P. juncea, which significantly differed in tiller number. Tillering regulation pathways analysis suggested that DEGs closely related to the biosynthesis of three plant hormones, namely auxin (IAA), cytokinin (CTK), and strigolactones (SLs), while "biosynthesis of lignin" and "nitrogen metabolism" have remarkable differences between the dense and sparse tillering genotypes. Meanwhile, the reference gene Actin1, having the best stability, was screened from twelve genes with highest expression level and was used in verification of ten tillering related candidate genes. CONCLUSIONS The tillering mechanism of perennial grass P. juncea was expounded by transcriptome analysis of tiller node tissues. We demonstrated that dense-tillering genotypes may be distinguished by their low expression patterns of genes involved in SL, IAA, and high expression patterns of genes involved in CTK biosynthesis at the tillering stage, and nitrogen metabolism and lignin biosynthesis can also affect the number of tillers. Furthermore, the expression level of ten tillering related candidate genes were verified using Actin1 as reference gene. These candidate genes provide valuable breeding resources for marker assisted selection and yield traits improvement of P. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Lan Yun
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Fengling Shi
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Fugui Mi
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
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17
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Esmaeili N, Shen G, Zhang H. Genetic manipulation for abiotic stress resistance traits in crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1011985. [PMID: 36212298 PMCID: PMC9533083 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1011985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses are major limiting factors that pose severe threats to agricultural production. Conventional breeding has significantly improved crop productivity in the last century, but traditional breeding has reached its maximum capacity due to the multigenic nature of abiotic stresses. Alternatively, biotechnological approaches could provide new opportunities for producing crops that can adapt to the fast-changing environment and still produce high yields under severe environmental stress conditions. Many stress-related genes have been identified and manipulated to generate stress-tolerant plants in the past decades, which could lead to further increase in food production in most countries of the world. This review focuses on the recent progress in using transgenic technology and gene editing technology to improve abiotic stress tolerance in plants, and highlights the potential of using genetic engineering to secure food and fiber supply in a world with an increasing population yet decreasing land and water availability for food production and fast-changing climate that will be largely hostile to agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardana Esmaeili
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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18
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Mandal S, Ghorai M, Anand U, Samanta D, Kant N, Mishra T, Rahman MH, Jha NK, Jha SK, Lal MK, Tiwari RK, Kumar M, Radha, Prasanth DA, Mane AB, Gopalakrishnan AV, Biswas P, Proćków J, Dey A. Cytokinin and abiotic stress tolerance -What has been accomplished and the way forward? Front Genet 2022; 13:943025. [PMID: 36017502 PMCID: PMC9395584 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.943025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
More than a half-century has passed since it was discovered that phytohormone cytokinin (CK) is essential to drive cytokinesis and proliferation in plant tissue culture. Thereafter, cytokinin has emerged as the primary regulator of the plant cell cycle and numerous developmental processes. Lately, a growing body of evidence suggests that cytokinin has a role in mitigating both abiotic and biotic stress. Cytokinin is essential to defend plants against excessive light exposure and a unique kind of abiotic stress generated by an altered photoperiod. Secondly, cytokinin also exhibits multi-stress resilience under changing environments. Furthermore, cytokinin homeostasis is also affected by several forms of stress. Therefore, the diverse roles of cytokinin in reaction to stress, as well as its interactions with other hormones, are discussed in detail. When it comes to agriculture, understanding the functioning processes of cytokinins under changing environmental conditions can assist in utilizing the phytohormone, to increase productivity. Through this review, we briefly describe the biological role of cytokinin in enhancing the performance of plants growth under abiotic challenges as well as the probable mechanisms underpinning cytokinin-induced stress tolerance. In addition, the article lays forth a strategy for using biotechnological tools to modify genes in the cytokinin pathway to engineer abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The information presented here will assist in better understanding the function of cytokinin in plants and their effective investigation in the cropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanti Mandal
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- CytoGene Research & Development LLP, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipu Samanta
- Department of Botany, Dr. Kanailal Bhattacharyya College, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Nishi Kant
- School of Health and Allied Science, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Tulika Mishra
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Abhijit Bhagwan Mane
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Patangrao Kadam Mahavidhyalaya (affiliated to Shivaji University Kolhapur), Ramanandnagar (Burli), Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Protha Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Song Y, Li C, Zhu Y, Guo P, Wang Q, Zhang L, Wang Z, Di H. Overexpression of ZmIPT2 gene delays leaf senescence and improves grain yield in maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:963873. [PMID: 35928712 PMCID: PMC9344930 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.963873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CTKs) are a major phytohormone group that are significant in the promotion of cellular division, growth, and divergence. Isopentenyl transferase (IPT) regulates a rate-limiting step in plant CTK synthesis, promotes the synthesis of isopentenyl adenonucleotides from 5-AMP and isopentenyl pyrophosphate, and then converts both these chemicals into various CTKs. Here, the full-length cDNA of ZmIPT2, which encodes 322 amino acids, was isolated and was introduced into a maize inbred line by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In both controlled environments and field experiments, the overexpression of ZmIPT2 gene in the transformed plants delayed leaf senescence. Compared to the receptor line, the transgenic maize lines retained higher chlorophyll levels, photosynthetic rates, and cytokinin content for an extended period of time, and produced significantly higher grain yield by a margin of 17.71-20.29% under normal field planting conditions. Subsequently, ten possible genes that interacted with ZmIPT2 were analyzed by qRT-PCR, showing that the expression pattern of GRMZM2G022904 was consistent with ZmIPT2 expression. Through comprehensive analysis, we screened for transgenic lines with stable inheritance of ZmIPT2 gene, clear functional efficiency, and significant yield improvement, in order to provide theoretical basis and material support for the breeding of new high-yield transgenic maize varieties.
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20
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Sanchez J, Kaur PP, Pabuayon ICM, Karampudi NBR, Kitazumi A, Sandhu N, Catolos M, Kumar A, de Los Reyes BG. DECUSSATE network with flowering genes explains the variable effects of qDTY12.1 to rice yield under drought across genetic backgrounds. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20168. [PMID: 34806842 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of qDTY12.1 in maintaining yield under drought has not been consistent across genetic backgrounds. We hypothesized that synergism or antagonism with additive-effect peripheral genes across the background genome either enhances or undermines its full potential. By modeling the transcriptional networks across sibling qDTY12.1-introgression lines with contrasting yield under drought (LPB = low-yield penalty; HPB = high-yield penalty), the qDTY12.1-encoded DECUSSATE gene (OsDEC) was revealed as the core of a synergy with other genes in the genetic background. OsDEC is expressed in flag leaves and induced by progressive drought at booting stage in LPB but not in HPB. The unique OsDEC signature in LPB is coordinated with 35 upstream and downstream peripheral genes involved in floral development through the cytokinin signaling pathway. Results support the differential network rewiring effects through genetic coupling-uncoupling between qDTY12.1 and other upstream and downstream peripheral genes across the distinct genetic backgrounds of LPB and HPB. The functional DEC-network in LPB defines a mechanism for early flowering as a means for avoiding the drought-induced depletion of photosynthate needed for reproductive growth. Its impact is likely through the timely establishment of stronger source-sink dynamics that sustains a robust reproductive transition under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Sanchez
- Dep. of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ai Kitazumi
- Dep. of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nitika Sandhu
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines
- Current address: School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural Univ., Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Arvind Kumar
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines
- Current address: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Petancheru, India
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Kurepa J, Smalle JA. Auxin/Cytokinin Antagonistic Control of the Shoot/Root Growth Ratio and Its Relevance for Adaptation to Drought and Nutrient Deficiency Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041933. [PMID: 35216049 PMCID: PMC8879491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The hormones auxin and cytokinin regulate numerous aspects of plant development and often act as an antagonistic hormone pair. One of the more striking examples of the auxin/cytokinin antagonism involves regulation of the shoot/root growth ratio in which cytokinin promotes shoot and inhibits root growth, whereas auxin does the opposite. Control of the shoot/root growth ratio is essential for the survival of terrestrial plants because it allows growth adaptations to water and mineral nutrient availability in the soil. Because a decrease in shoot growth combined with an increase in root growth leads to survival under drought stress and nutrient limiting conditions, it was not surprising to find that auxin promotes, while cytokinin reduces, drought stress tolerance and nutrient uptake. Recent data show that drought stress and nutrient availability also alter the cytokinin and auxin signaling and biosynthesis pathways and that this stress-induced regulation affects cytokinin and auxin in the opposite manner. These antagonistic effects of cytokinin and auxin suggested that each hormone directly and negatively regulates biosynthesis or signaling of the other. However, a growing body of evidence supports unidirectional regulation, with auxin emerging as the primary regulatory component. This master regulatory role of auxin may not come as a surprise when viewed from an evolutionary perspective.
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22
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Lohani N, Singh MB, Bhalla PL. Biological Parts for Engineering Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9819314. [PMID: 37850130 PMCID: PMC10521667 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9819314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is vital to ramp up crop production dramatically by 2050 due to the increasing global population and demand for food. However, with the climate change projections showing that droughts and heatwaves becoming common in much of the globe, there is a severe threat of a sharp decline in crop yields. Thus, developing crop varieties with inbuilt genetic tolerance to environmental stresses is urgently needed. Selective breeding based on genetic diversity is not keeping up with the growing demand for food and feed. However, the emergence of contemporary plant genetic engineering, genome-editing, and synthetic biology offer precise tools for developing crops that can sustain productivity under stress conditions. Here, we summarize the systems biology-level understanding of regulatory pathways involved in perception, signalling, and protective processes activated in response to unfavourable environmental conditions. The potential role of noncoding RNAs in the regulation of abiotic stress responses has also been highlighted. Further, examples of imparting abiotic stress tolerance by genetic engineering are discussed. Additionally, we provide perspectives on the rational design of abiotic stress tolerance through synthetic biology and list various bioparts that can be used to design synthetic gene circuits whose stress-protective functions can be switched on/off in response to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Lohani
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mohan B. Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Prem L. Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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23
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Swamy BK, Hosamani R, Sathasivam M, Chandrashekhar SS, Reddy UG, Moger N. Novel hypergravity treatment enhances root phenotype and positively influences physio-biochemical parameters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:15303. [PMID: 34315977 PMCID: PMC8316474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypergravity-an evolutionarily novel environment has been exploited to comprehend the response of living organisms including plants in the context of extra-terrestrial applications. Recently, researchers have shown that hypergravity induces desired phenotypic variability in seedlings. In the present study, we tested the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable phenotype/s for potential terrestrial crop improvement applications. To investigate, bread wheat seeds (UAS-375 genotype) were subjected to hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12, and 24 h), and evaluated for seedling vigor and plant growth parameters in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. It was also attempted to elucidate the associated biochemical and hormonal changes at different stages of vegetative growth. Resultant data revealed that hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12 h) significantly enhanced root length, root volume, and root biomass in response to hypergravity. The robust seedling growth phenotype may be attributed to increased alpha-amylase and TDH enzyme activities observed in seeds treated with hypergravity. Elevated total chlorophyll content and Rubisco (55 kDa) protein expression across different stages of vegetative growth in response to hypergravity may impart physiological benefits to wheat growth. Further, hypergravity elicited robust endogenous phytohormones dynamics in root signifying altered phenotype/s. Collectively, this study for the first time describes the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable root phenotype that could be potentially exploited for improving wheat varieties for better water usage management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavalingayya K Swamy
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IABT), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580005, India
| | - Ravikumar Hosamani
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IABT), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580005, India.
| | - Malarvizhi Sathasivam
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IABT), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580005, India
| | - S S Chandrashekhar
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580005, India
| | - Uday G Reddy
- AICRP on Wheat, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580005, India
| | - Narayan Moger
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IABT), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580005, India
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24
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Nguyen HN, Lai N, Kisiala AB, Emery RJN. Isopentenyltransferases as master regulators of crop performance: their function, manipulation, and genetic potential for stress adaptation and yield improvement. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1297-1313. [PMID: 33934489 PMCID: PMC8313133 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Isopentenyltransferase (IPT) in plants regulates a rate-limiting step of cytokinin (CTK) biosynthesis. IPTs are recognized as key regulators of CTK homeostasis and phytohormone crosstalk in both biotic and abiotic stress responses. Recent research has revealed the regulatory function of IPTs in gene expression and metabolite profiles including source-sink modifications, energy metabolism, nutrient allocation and storage, stress defence and signalling pathways, protein synthesis and transport, and membrane transport. This suggests that IPTs play a crucial role in plant growth and adaptation. In planta studies of IPT-driven modifications indicate that, at a physiological level, IPTs improve stay-green characteristics, delay senescence, reduce stress-induced oxidative damage and protect photosynthetic machinery. Subsequently, these improvements often manifest as enhanced or stabilized crop yields and this is especially apparent under environmental stress. These mechanisms merit consideration of the IPTs as 'master regulators' of core cellular metabolic pathways, thus adjusting plant homeostasis/adaptive responses to altered environmental stresses, to maximize yield potential. If their expression can be adequately controlled, both spatially and temporally, IPTs can be a key driver for seed yield. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of recent findings on how IPTs influence plant stress physiology and yield, and we highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nhan Lai
- School of BiotechnologyVietnam National UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
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25
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Feng Y, Wang Y, Zhang G, Gan Z, Gao M, Lv J, Wu T, Zhang X, Xu X, Yang S, Han Z. Group-C/S1 bZIP heterodimers regulate MdIPT5b to negatively modulate drought tolerance in apple species. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:399-417. [PMID: 33905154 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins play a central role in delaying senescence, reducing oxidative damage and maintaining plant growth during drought. This study showed that the ectopic expression of ProRE-deleted MdIPT5b, a key enzyme involved in cytokinin metabolism, increased the drought tolerance of transgenic Malus domestica (apple) callus and Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) seedlings by maintaining cytokinin homeostasis, and thus maintaining redox balance. Under restricted watering regimes, the yields of transgenic tomato plants were enhanced. Heterodimers of C/S1 bZIP are involved in the cytokinin-mediated drought response. The heterodimers bind the ProRE of MdIPT5b promoter, thus directly suppressing gene transcription. Single C/S1 bZIP members could not independently function as suppressors. However, specific paired members (heterodimers of MdbZIP80 with MdbZIP2 or with MdbZIP39) effectively suppressed transcription. The α-helical structure is essential for the heterodimerization of C/S1 bZIP members and for synergistic transcriptional suppression. As negative regulators of drought tolerance, suppressing either MdbZIP2 or MdbZIP39 alone does not improve the expression of MdIPT5b and did not increase the drought tolerance of transgenic apple callus. However, this could be achieved when they were co-suppressed. The suppression of MdbZIP80 alone could improve MdIPT5b expression and increase the drought tolerance of transgenic apple callus. However, these effects were reversed in response to the cosuppression of MdbZIP80 and MdIPT5b. Similar results were also observed during delayed dark-induced senescence in apple leaves. In conclusion, the apple C/S1 bZIP network (involving MdbZIP2, MdbZIP39 and MdbZIP80) directly suppressed the expression of MdIPT5b, thus negatively modulating drought tolerance and dark-induced senescence in a functionally redundant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guifen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zengyu Gan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Min Gao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiahong Lv
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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26
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Tamang BG, Li S, Rajasundaram D, Lamichhane S, Fukao T. Overlapping and stress-specific transcriptomic and hormonal responses to flooding and drought in soybean. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:100-117. [PMID: 33864651 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flooding and drought are serious constraints that reduce crop productivity worldwide. Previous studies identified genes conferring tolerance to both water extremes in various plants. However, overlapping responses to flooding and drought at the genome-scale remain obscure. Here, we defined overlapping and stress-specific transcriptomic and hormonal responses to submergence, drought and recovery from these stresses in soybean (Glycine max). We performed comparative RNA-sequencing and hormone profiling, identifying genes, hormones and biological processes that are differentially regulated in an overlapping or stress-specific manner. Overlapping responses included positive regulation of trehalose and sucrose metabolism and negative regulation of cellulose, tubulin, photosystem II and I, and chlorophyll biosynthesis, facilitating the economization of energy reserves under both submergence and drought. Additional energy-consuming pathways were restricted in a stress-specific manner. Downregulation of distinct pathways for energy saving under each stress suggests energy-consuming processes that are relatively unnecessary for each stress adaptation are turned down. Our newly developed transcriptomic-response analysis revealed that abscisic acid and ethylene responses were activated in common under both stresses, whereas stimulated auxin response was submergence-specific. The energy-saving strategy is the key overlapping mechanism that underpins adaptation to both submergence and drought in soybean. Abscisic acid and ethylene are candidate hormones that coordinate transcriptomic energy-saving processes under both stresses. Auxin may be a signaling component that distinguishes submergence-specific regulation of the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal G Tamang
- Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Song Li
- Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Suman Lamichhane
- Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Takeshi Fukao
- Virginia Tech, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
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27
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Guo Y, Ren G, Zhang K, Li Z, Miao Y, Guo H. Leaf senescence: progression, regulation, and application. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2021; 1:5. [PMID: 37789484 PMCID: PMC10509828 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-021-00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence, the last stage of leaf development, is a type of postmitotic senescence and is characterized by the functional transition from nutrient assimilation to nutrient remobilization which is essential for plants' fitness. The initiation and progression of leaf senescence are regulated by a variety of internal and external factors such as age, phytohormones, and environmental stresses. Significant breakthroughs in dissecting the molecular mechanisms underpinning leaf senescence have benefited from the identification of senescence-altered mutants through forward genetic screening and functional assessment of hundreds of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) via reverse genetic research in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana as well as in crop plants. Leaf senescence involves highly complex genetic programs that are tightly tuned by multiple layers of regulation, including chromatin and transcription regulation, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulation. Due to the significant impact of leaf senescence on photosynthesis, nutrient remobilization, stress responses, and productivity, much effort has been made in devising strategies based on known senescence regulatory mechanisms to manipulate the initiation and progression of leaf senescence, aiming for higher yield, better quality, or improved horticultural performance in crop plants. This review aims to provide an overview of leaf senescence and discuss recent advances in multi-dimensional regulation of leaf senescence from genetic and molecular network perspectives. We also put forward the key issues that need to be addressed, including the nature of leaf age, functional stay-green trait, coordination between different regulatory pathways, source-sink relationship and nutrient remobilization, as well as translational researches on leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong China
| | - Guodong Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 Zhejiang China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Ying Miao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
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28
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Jogawat A, Yadav B, Lakra N, Singh AK, Narayan OP. Crosstalk between phytohormones and secondary metabolites in the drought stress tolerance of crop plants: A review. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1106-1132. [PMID: 33421146 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress negatively affects crop performance and weakens global food security. It triggers the activation of downstream pathways, mainly through phytohormones homeostasis and their signaling networks, which further initiate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (SMs). Roots sense drought stress, the signal travels to the above-ground tissues to induce systemic phytohormones signaling. The systemic signals further trigger the biosynthesis of SMs and stomatal closure to prevent water loss. SMs primarily scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) to protect plants from lipid peroxidation and also perform additional defense-related functions. Moreover, drought-induced volatile SMs can alert the plant tissues to perform drought stress mitigating functions in plants. Other phytohormone-induced stress responses include cell wall and cuticle thickening, root and leaf morphology alteration, and anatomical changes of roots, stems, and leaves, which in turn minimize the oxidative stress, water loss, and other adverse effects of drought. Exogenous applications of phytohormones and genetic engineering of phytohormones signaling and biosynthesis pathways mitigate the drought stress effects. Direct modulation of the SMs biosynthetic pathway genes or indirect via phytohormones' regulation provides drought tolerance. Thus, phytohormones and SMs play key roles in plant development under the drought stress environment in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bindu Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Om Prakash Narayan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Beznec A, Faccio P, Miralles DJ, Abeledo LG, Oneto CD, Garibotto MDB, Gonzalez G, Moreyra F, Elizondo M, Ruíz M, Lewi D, Blumwald E, Llorente B, Paleo AD, Bossio E. Stress-induced expression of IPT gene in transgenic wheat reduces grain yield penalty under drought. JOURNAL OF GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 19:67. [PMID: 33970377 PMCID: PMC8110665 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00171-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The heterologous expression of isopentenyl transferase (IPT) under the transcriptional control of the senescence-associated receptor-like kinase (SARK) promoter delayed cellular senescence and, through it, increased drought tolerance in plants. To evaluate the effect of pSARK::IPT expression in bread wheat, six independent transgenic events were obtained through the biolistic method and evaluated transgene expression, phenology, grain yield and physiological biomass components in plants grown under both drought and well-irrigating conditions. Experiments were performed at different levels: (i) pots and (ii) microplots inside a biosafety greenhouse, as well as under (iii) field conditions. Results Two transgenic events, called TR1 and TR4, outperformed the wild-type control under drought conditions. Transgenic plants showed higher yield under both greenhouse and field conditions, which was positively correlated to grain number (given by more spikes and grains per spike) than wild type. Interestingly, this yield advantage of the transgenic events was observed under both drought and well-watered conditions. Conclusions The results obtained allow us to conclude that the SARK promoter-regulated expression of the IPT gene in bread wheat not only reduced the yield penalty produced by water stress but also led to improved productivity under well-watered conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43141-021-00171-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Beznec
- Instituto de Genética, "Edwald A. Favret", Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paula Faccio
- Instituto de Genética, "Edwald A. Favret", Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel J Miralles
- Cátedra de Cerealicultura, Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,IFEVA, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonor G Abeledo
- Cátedra de Cerealicultura, Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Decima Oneto
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, EEA Balcarce, INTA, Ruta 226, Km 73.5, B7620, Balcarce, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB, Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María de Belén Garibotto
- Instituto de Genética, "Edwald A. Favret", Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB, Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Matías Elizondo
- EEA San Juan, INTA, San Juan, Argentina.,Unidad Integrada INTA-UNSJ Dpto. Ing., San Juan, Argentina
| | - Mónica Ruíz
- EEA San Juan, INTA, San Juan, Argentina.,Unidad Integrada INTA-UNSJ Dpto. Ing., San Juan, Argentina
| | - Dalia Lewi
- Instituto de Genética, "Edwald A. Favret", Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Berta Llorente
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ezequiel Bossio
- Instituto de Genética, "Edwald A. Favret", Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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30
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Metabolomics Intervention Towards Better Understanding of Plant Traits. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020346. [PMID: 33562333 PMCID: PMC7915772 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of the most economically important plant and crop species are enriched with the availability of high-quality reference genome sequences forming the basis of gene discovery which control the important biochemical pathways. The transcriptomics and proteomics resources have also been made available for many of these plant species that intensify the understanding at expression levels. However, still we lack integrated studies spanning genomics–transcriptomics–proteomics, connected to metabolomics, the most complicated phase in phenotype expression. Nevertheless, for the past few decades, emphasis has been more on metabolome which plays a crucial role in defining the phenotype (trait) during crop improvement. The emergence of modern high throughput metabolome analyzing platforms have accelerated the discovery of a wide variety of biochemical types of metabolites and new pathways, also helped in improving the understanding of known existing pathways. Pinpointing the causal gene(s) and elucidation of metabolic pathways are very important for development of improved lines with high precision in crop breeding. Along with other-omics sciences, metabolomics studies have helped in characterization and annotation of a new gene(s) function. Hereby, we summarize several areas in the field of crop development where metabolomics studies have made its remarkable impact. We also assess the recent research on metabolomics, together with other omics, contributing toward genetic engineering to target traits and key pathway(s).
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31
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Research Progress on the Roles of Cytokinin in Plant Response to Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186574. [PMID: 32911801 PMCID: PMC7555750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins promote plant growth and development under normal plant growth conditions and also play an important role in plant resistance to stress. Understanding the working mechanisms of cytokinins under adverse conditions will help to make full use of cytokinins in agriculture to increase production and efficiency of land use. In this article, we review the progress that has been made in cytokinin research in plant response to stress and propose its future application prospects.
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32
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A Synthetic Cytokinin Improves Photosynthesis in Rice under Drought Stress by Modulating the Abundance of Proteins Related to Stomatal Conductance, Chlorophyll Contents, and Rubisco Activity. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091106. [PMID: 32867335 PMCID: PMC7569833 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drought susceptible rice cultivar PTT1 (Pathumthani1) was treated with drought (-72 kPa) and CPPU (N-2-(chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenyl urea) @ 5 mg/L at tillering and grain-filling stages. Plants were tested for the effect of synthetic cytokinin on the parameters influencing the process of photosynthesis. Exogenous spray of CPPU improved the stomatal conductance of rice leaves, which was severely reduced by drought. The abundance intensities of proteins, associated with the stomatal conductance (ZEP, NCED4, PYL9, PYL10, ABI5, SnRK4, Phot1, and Phot2), were also in agreement with the positive impact of CPPU on the stomatal conductance under drought stress. Among the photosynthetic pigments, Chl b contents were significantly reduced by drought stress, whereas CPPU treated plants retained the normal contents of Chl b under drought stress. Subsequently, we examined the abundance intensities of chlorophyll synthase and HCR proteins, implicated in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll pigments and the conversion of Chl b to Chl a, respectively. The results indicated a drought-mediated suppression of chlorophyll synthase. However, CPPU treated plants retained normal levels of chlorophyll synthase under drought stress. In addition, drought stress induced HCR proteins, which might be the cause for reduced Chl b contents in drought stressed plants. Further, CPPU treatment helped the plants sustain photosynthesis at a normal rate under drought stress, which was comparable with well-watered plants. The results were further confirmed by examining the abundance intensities of two key proteins, RAF1 and Rubisco activase, implicated in the assembly and activation of Rubisco, respectively. CPPU treatment reversed the drought mediated suppression of these proteins at both of the growth stages of rice under drought stress. Based on the results, it can be suggested that synthetic cytokinins help the plants sustain photosynthesis at a normal rate under drought stress by positively influencing the determinants of photosynthesis at a molecular level.
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Avni A, Golan Y, Shirron N, Shamai Y, Golumbic Y, Danin-Poleg Y, Gepstein S. From Survival to Productivity Mode: Cytokinins Allow Avoiding the Avoidance Strategy Under Stress Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:879. [PMID: 32714345 PMCID: PMC7343901 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Growth retardation and stress-induced premature plant senescence are accompanied by a severe yield reduction and raise a major agro-economic concern. To improve biomass and yield in agricultural crops under mild stress conditions, the survival must be changed to productivity mode. Our previous successful attempts to delay premature senescence and growth inhibition under abiotic stress conditions by autoregulation of cytokinins (CKs) levels constitute a generic technology toward the development of highly productive plants. Since this technology is based on the induction of CKs synthesis during the age-dependent senescence phase by a senescence-specific promoter (SARK), which is not necessarily regulated by abiotic stress conditions, we developed autoregulating transgenic plants expressing the IPT gene specifically under abiotic stress conditions. The Arabidopsis promoter of the stress-induced metallothionein gene (AtMT) was isolated, fused to the IPT gene and transformed into tobacco plants. The MT:IPT transgenic tobacco plants displayed comparable elevated biomass productivity and maintained growth under drought conditions. To decipher the role and the molecular mechanisms of CKs in reverting the survival transcriptional program to a sustainable plant growth program, we performed gene expression analysis of candidate stress-related genes and found unexpectedly clear downregulation in the CK-overproducing plants. We also investigated kinase activity after applying exogenous CKs to tobacco cell suspensions that were grown in salinity stress. In-gel kinase activity analysis demonstrated CK-dependent deactivation of several stress-related kinases including two of the MAPK components, SIPK and WIPK and the NtOSAK, a member of SnRK2 kinase family, a key component of the ABA signaling cascade. A comprehensive phosphoproteomics analysis of tobacco cells, treated with exogenous CKs under salinity-stress conditions indicated that >50% of the identified phosphoproteins involved in stress responses were dephosphorylated by CKs. We hypothesize that upregulation of CK levels under stress conditions desensitize stress signaling cues through deactivation of kinases that are normally activated under stress conditions. CK-dependent desensitization of environmental stimuli is suggested to attenuate various pathways of the avoidance syndrome including the characteristic growth arrest and the premature senescence while allowing normal growth and metabolic maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishai Avni
- Faculty of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yelena Golan
- Faculty of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Natali Shirron
- Faculty of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yeela Shamai
- Faculty of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaela Golumbic
- Faculty of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Danin-Poleg
- Faculty of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shimon Gepstein
- Faculty of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Kinneret Academic College, Sea of Galilee, Israel
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Wang X, Chang X, Jing Y, Zhao J, Fang Q, Sun M, Zhang Y, Li W, Li Y. Identification and functional prediction of soybean CircRNAs involved in low-temperature responses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 250:153188. [PMID: 32450394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly characterized type of noncoding RNA and play important roles in microRNA (miRNA) function and transcriptional control. To unravel the mechanism of soybean circRNAs in low-temperature (LT) stress response, genome-wide identification of soybean circRNAs was conducted under LT (4 °C) treatment via deep sequencing. In this study, the existence of backsplicing sites was validated and circRNAs exhibited specific expression patterns in response to LT. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that circRNAs could participate in LT-responsive processes. Our study revealed a new circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, which is involved in LT responses. Furthermore, soybean circRNAs were predicted to have potential to encode polypeptides or protein. Taken together, our results indicate that soybean circRNAs might encode proteins and be involved in the regulation of LT responses, providing clues regarding the molecular LT-responsive mechanisms in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xingchao Chang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Ya Jing
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Jialiang Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Qingwei Fang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Mingyang Sun
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yanzheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Wenbin Li
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yongguang Li
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics and Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Ogden AJ, Bhatt JJ, Brewer HM, Kintigh J, Kariuki SM, Rudrabhatla S, Adkins JN, Curtis WR. Phloem Exudate Protein Profiles during Drought and Recovery Reveal Abiotic Stress Responses in Tomato Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4461. [PMID: 32586033 PMCID: PMC7352395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is the leading cause of agricultural yield loss among all abiotic stresses, and the link between water deficit and phloem protein contents is relatively unexplored. Here we collected phloem exudates from Solanum lycopersicum leaves during periods of drought stress and recovery. Our analysis identified 2558 proteins, the most abundant of which were previously localized to the phloem. Independent of drought, enrichment analysis of the total phloem exudate protein profiles from all samples suggests that the protein content of phloem sap is complex, and includes proteins that function in chaperone systems, branched-chain amino acid synthesis, trehalose metabolism, and RNA silencing. We observed 169 proteins whose abundance changed significantly within the phloem sap, either during drought or recovery. Proteins that became significantly more abundant during drought include members of lipid metabolism, chaperone-mediated protein folding, carboxylic acid metabolism, abscisic acid signaling, cytokinin biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism. Conversely, proteins involved in lipid signaling, sphingolipid metabolism, cell wall organization, carbohydrate metabolism, and a mitogen-activated protein kinase are decreased during drought. Our experiment has achieved an in-depth profiling of phloem sap protein contents during drought stress and recovery that supports previous findings and provides new evidence that multiple biological processes are involved in drought adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Ogden
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99301, USA; (A.J.O.); (H.M.B.); (J.N.A.)
| | - Jishnu J. Bhatt
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Heather M. Brewer
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99301, USA; (A.J.O.); (H.M.B.); (J.N.A.)
| | - Jack Kintigh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (J.K.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Samwel M. Kariuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (J.K.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Sairam Rudrabhatla
- School of Science, Engineering, and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg Campus, 777 W Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, PA 17057, USA;
| | - Joshua N. Adkins
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99301, USA; (A.J.O.); (H.M.B.); (J.N.A.)
| | - Wayne R. Curtis
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (J.K.); (S.M.K.)
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Laila R, Robin AHK, Park JI, Saha G, Kim HT, Kayum MA, Nou IS. Expression and Role of Response Regulating, Biosynthetic and Degrading Genes for Cytokinin Signaling during Clubroot Disease Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113896. [PMID: 32486099 PMCID: PMC7312684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The obligate biotroph Plasmodiophora brassicae causes clubroot disease in oilseeds and vegetables of the Brassicaceae family, and cytokinins play a vital role in clubroot formation. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of 17 cytokinin-related genes involved in the biosynthesis, signaling, and degradation in Chinese cabbage inoculated with the Korean pathotype group 4 isolate of P. brassicae, Seosan. This isolate produced the most severe clubroot symptoms in Chinese cabbage cultivar “Bullam-3-ho” compared to three other Korean geographical isolates investigated. BrIPT1, a cytokinin biosynthesis gene, was induced on Day 1 and Day 28 in infected root tissues and the upregulation of this biosynthetic gene coincided with the higher expression of the response regulators BrRR1, on both Days and BrRR6 on Day 1 and 3. BrRR3 and 4 genes were also induced during gall enlargement on Day 35 in leaf tissues. The BrRR4 gene, which positively interact with phytochrome B, was consistently induced in leaf tissues on Day 1, 3, and 14 in the inoculated plants. The cytokinin degrading gene BrCKX3-6 were induced on Day 14, before gall initiation. BrCKX2,3,6 were induced until Day 28 and their expression was downregulated on Day 35. This insight improves our current understanding of the role of cytokinin signaling genes in clubroot disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawnak Laila
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (R.L.); (A.H.K.R.); (J.-I.P.); (G.S.); (H.-T.K.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Arif Hasan Khan Robin
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (R.L.); (A.H.K.R.); (J.-I.P.); (G.S.); (H.-T.K.); (M.A.K.)
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (R.L.); (A.H.K.R.); (J.-I.P.); (G.S.); (H.-T.K.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Gopal Saha
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (R.L.); (A.H.K.R.); (J.-I.P.); (G.S.); (H.-T.K.); (M.A.K.)
- Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Hoy-Taek Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (R.L.); (A.H.K.R.); (J.-I.P.); (G.S.); (H.-T.K.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Md. Abdul Kayum
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (R.L.); (A.H.K.R.); (J.-I.P.); (G.S.); (H.-T.K.); (M.A.K.)
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (R.L.); (A.H.K.R.); (J.-I.P.); (G.S.); (H.-T.K.); (M.A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-617-503-249
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Hai NN, Chuong NN, Tu NHC, Kisiala A, Hoang XLT, Thao NP. Role and Regulation of Cytokinins in Plant Response to Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E422. [PMID: 32244272 PMCID: PMC7238249 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are key phytohormones that not only regulate plant growth and development but also mediate plant tolerance to drought stress. Recent advances in genome-wide association studies coupled with in planta characterization have opened new avenues to investigate the drought-responsive expression of CK metabolic and signaling genes, as well as their functions in plant adaptation to drought. Under water deficit, CK signaling has evolved as an inter-cellular communication network which is essential to crosstalk with other types of phytohormones and their regulating pathways in mediating plant stress response. In this review, we revise the current understanding of CK involvement in drought stress tolerance. Particularly, a genetic framework for CK signaling and CK crosstalk with abscisic acid (ABA) in the precise monitoring of drought responses is proposed. In addition, the potential of endogenous CK alteration in crops towards developing drought-tolerant crops is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ngoc Hai
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.H.); (N.N.C.); (N.H.C.T.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Environmental and Life Science, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2 Canada
| | - Nguyen Nguyen Chuong
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.H.); (N.N.C.); (N.H.C.T.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Cam Tu
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.H.); (N.N.C.); (N.H.C.T.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Anna Kisiala
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada;
| | - Xuan Lan Thi Hoang
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.H.); (N.N.C.); (N.H.C.T.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Phuong Thao
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.H.); (N.N.C.); (N.H.C.T.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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Smirnova OG, Kochetov AV. Choice of the Promoter for Tissue and Developmental Stage-Specific Gene Expression. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2124:69-106. [PMID: 32277449 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0356-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic technologies belong to important tools of reverse genetics and biotechnology in plants. Targeted genetic modifications can reveal functions of genes of interest, change metabolic and regulatory pathways, or result in accumulation of valuable proteins or metabolites. However, to be efficient in targeted genetic modification, the chimeric gene construct should be designed properly. In particular, the promoters used to control transgene expression need to be carefully chosen. Most promoters in widely used vectors belong to strong and constitutively expressed variants. However, in many cases transgene expression has to be restricted to certain tissue, stage of development, or response to some internal or external stimuli. In turn, a large variety of tissue-specific promoters have been studied and information on their characteristics may be recovered from the literature. An appropriate promoter may be selected and used in genetic construct to optimize the transgene transcription pattern. We have previously designed the TGP database (TransGene Promoters, http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/dbases/tgp/home.html ) collecting information from the publications in this field. Here we review the wide range of noncanonical tissue-specific and developmentally regulated promoters that might be used for transgene expression control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga G Smirnova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Alex V Kochetov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Zhou S, Cheng X, Li F, Feng P, Hu G, Chen G, Xie Q, Hu Z. Overexpression of SlOFP20 in Tomato Affects Plant Growth, Chlorophyll Accumulation, and Leaf Senescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1510. [PMID: 31850017 PMCID: PMC6896838 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that OVATE family proteins (OFPs) participate in various aspects of plant growth and development. How OFPs affect leaf chlorophyll accumulation and leaf senescence has not been reported yet. Here, we found that overexpression of SlOFP20 in tomato not only impacted plant architecture but also enhanced the leaf chlorophyll accumulation and retarded leaf senescence. Gene expression analysis of SlGLK1, SlGLK2, and HY5, encoding transcription factors that are putatively involved in chloroplast development and chlorophyll levels, were significantly up-regulated in SlOFP20-OE lines. Both chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation genes were distinctly regulated in transgenic plants. Moreover, SlOFP20-OE plants accumulated more starch and soluble sugar than wild-type plants, indicating that an increased chlorophyll content conferred some higher photosynthetic performance in SlOFP20-OE plants. Furthermore, The levels of leaf senescence-related indexes, such as hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and antioxidant enzymes activities, were differently altered, too. SlOFP20 overexpression repressed the expression of senescence-related genes, SAG12, RAV1, and WRKY53. Moreover, abscisic acid and ethylene synthesis genes were down-regulated in transgenic lines. These results provide new insights into how SlOFP20 regulates chlorophyll accumulation and leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiaoli Xie
- *Correspondence: Qiaoli Xie, ; Zongli Hu,
| | - Zongli Hu
- *Correspondence: Qiaoli Xie, ; Zongli Hu,
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Gujjar RS, Supaibulwatana K. The Mode of Cytokinin Functions Assisting Plant Adaptations to Osmotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E542. [PMID: 31779090 PMCID: PMC6963579 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to abiotic stresses by activating a specific genetic program that supports survival by developing robust adaptive mechanisms. This leads to accelerated senescence and reduced growth, resulting in negative agro-economic impacts on crop productivity. Cytokinins (CKs) customarily regulate various biological processes in plants, including growth and development. In recent years, cytokinins have been implicated in adaptations to osmotic stresses with improved plant growth and yield. Endogenous CK content under osmotic stresses can be enhanced either by transforming plants with a bacterial isopentenyl transferase (IPT) gene under the control of a stress inducible promoter or by exogenous application of synthetic CKs. CKs counteract osmotic stress-induced premature senescence by redistributing soluble sugars and inhibiting the expression of senescence-associated genes. Elevated CK contents under osmotic stress antagonize abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and ABA mediated responses, delay leaf senescence, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage and lipid peroxidation, improve plant growth, and ameliorate osmotic stress adaptability in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Singh Gujjar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow 226002, India
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Cortleven A, Leuendorf JE, Frank M, Pezzetta D, Bolt S, Schmülling T. Cytokinin action in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:998-1018. [PMID: 30488464 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin was originally discovered as a regulator of cell division. Later, it was described to be involved in regulating numerous processes in plant growth and development including meristem activity, tissue patterning, and organ size. More recently, diverse functions for cytokinin in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses have been reported. Cytokinin is required for the defence against high light stress and to protect plants from a novel type of abiotic stress caused by an altered photoperiod. Additionally, cytokinin has a role in the response to temperature, drought, osmotic, salt, and nutrient stress. Similarly, the full response to certain plant pathogens and herbivores requires a functional cytokinin signalling pathway. Conversely, different types of stress impact cytokinin homeostasis. The diverse functions of cytokinin in responses to stress and crosstalk with other hormones are described. Its emerging roles as a priming agent and as a regulator of growth-defence trade-offs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Erik Leuendorf
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Frank
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Pezzetta
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Bolt
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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42
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Feng Y, Liu J, Zhai L, Gan Z, Zhang G, Yang S, Wang Y, Wu T, Zhang X, Xu X, Han Z. Natural variation in cytokinin maintenance improves salt tolerance in apple rootstocks. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:424-436. [PMID: 29989184 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants experiencing salt-induced stress often reduce cytokinin levels during the early phases of stress-response. Interestingly, we found that the cytokinin content in the apple rootstock "robusta" was maintained at a high level under salt stress. Through screening genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis and catabolism, we found that the high expression levels of IPT5b in robusta roots were involved in maintaining the high cytokinin content. We identified a 42 bp deletion in the promoter region of IPT5b, which elevated IPT5b expression levels, and this deletion was linked to salt tolerance in robusta×M.9 segregating population. The 42 bp deletion resulted in the deletion of a Proline Response Element (ProRE), and our results suggest that ProRE negatively regulates IPT5b expression in response to proline. Under salt stress, the robusta cultivar maintains high cytokinin levels as IPT5b expression cannot be inhibited by proline due to the deletion of ProRE, leading to improve salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Longmei Zhai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengyu Gan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guifen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Shoaib M, Yang W, Shan Q, Sajjad M, Zhang A. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of new cytokinin metabolic genes in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). PeerJ 2019; 7:e6300. [PMID: 30723619 PMCID: PMC6360083 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are involved in determining the final grain yield in wheat. Multiple gene families are responsible for the controlled production of CKs in plants, including isopentenyl transferases for de novo synthesis, zeatin O-glucosyltransferases for reversible inactivation, β-glucosidases for reactivation, and CK oxidases/dehydrogenases for permanent degradation. Identifying and characterizing the genes of these families is an important step in furthering our understanding of CK metabolism. Using bioinformatics tools, we identified four new TaIPT, four new TaZOG, and 25 new TaGLU genes in common wheat. All of the genes harbored the characteristic conserved domains of their respective gene families. We renamed TaCKX genes on the basis of their true orthologs in rice and maize to remove inconsistencies in the nomenclature. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the early divergence of monocots from dicots, and the gene duplication event after speciation was obvious. Abscisic acid-, auxin-, salicylic acid-, sulfur-, drought- and light-responsive cis-regulatory elements were common to most of the genes under investigation. Expression profiling of CK metabolic gene families was carried out at the seedlings stage in AA genome donor of common wheat. Exogenous application of phytohormones (6-benzylaminopurine, salicylic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid, and abscisic acid) for 3 h significantly upregulated the transcript levels of all four gene families, suggesting that plants tend to maintain CK stability. A 6-benzylaminopurine-specific maximum fold-change was observed for TuCKX1 and TuCKX3 in root and shoot tissues, respectively; however, the highest expression level was observed in the TuGLU gene family, indicating that the reactivation of the dormant CK isoform is the quickest way to counter external stress. The identification of new CK metabolic genes provides the foundation for their in-depth functional characterization and for elucidating their association with grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiangqiang Shan
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Agronomy/The Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Crops in Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Aimin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ectopic expression of SOD and APX genes in Arabidopsis alters metabolic pools and genes related to secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis and improve salt tolerance. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1985-2002. [PMID: 30706357 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is known to accumulate in plants during abiotic stress conditions and also acts as a signalling molecule. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana transgenics overexpressing cytosolic CuZn-superoxide dismutase (PaSOD) from poly-extremophile high-altitude Himalayan plant Potentilla atrosanguinea, cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (RaAPX) from Rheum australe and dual transgenics overexpressing both the genes were developed and analyzed under salt stress. In comparison to wild-type (WT) or single transgenics, the performance of dual transgenics under salt stress was better with higher biomass accumulation and cellulose content. We identified genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, including nine cellulose synthases (CesA), seven cellulose synthase-like proteins together with other wall-related genes. RNA-seq analysis and qPCR revealed differential regulation of genes (CesA 4, 7 and 8) and transcription factors (MYB46 and 83) involved in secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis, amongst which most of the cellulose biosynthesis gene showed upregulation in single (PaSOD line) and dual transgenics at 100 mM salt stress. A positive correlation between cellulose content and H2O2 accumulation was observed in these transgenic lines. Further, cellulose content was 1.6-2 folds significantly higher in PaSOD and dual transgenic lines, 1.4 fold higher in RaAPX lines as compared to WT plants under stress conditions. Additionally, transgenics overexpressing PaSOD and RaAPX also displayed higher amounts of phenolics as compared to WT. The novelty of present study is that H2O2 apart from its role in signalling, it also provides mechanical strength to plants and aid in plant biomass production during salt stress by transcriptional activation of cellulose biosynthesis pathway. This modulation of the cellulose biosynthetic machinery in plants has the potential to provide insight into plant growth, morphogenesis and to create plants with enhanced cellulose content for biofuel use.
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Joshi S, Choukimath A, Isenegger D, Panozzo J, Spangenberg G, Kant S. Improved Wheat Growth and Yield by Delayed Leaf Senescence Using Developmentally Regulated Expression of a Cytokinin Biosynthesis Gene. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1285. [PMID: 31681380 PMCID: PMC6813231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Delaying leaf senescence in plants, especially under water stress conditions, can help to maintain the remobilization of stored nutrients in source-sink relationships, thus leading to improved crop yields. Leaf senescence can be delayed by plant hormones such as cytokinin. Here, the Isopentenyl transferase (IPT) gene, encoding a cytokinin biosynthesis enzyme, driven by a modified AtMYB32xs promoter was transformed into wheat. Transgenic wheat plants exhibited delayed leaf senescence, retaining chlorophyll for longer under controlled environment conditions. Selected independent transgenic events and their corresponding nulls were grown under field conditions for two consecutive years under well-watered and water stress treatments using automated rainout shelters. Three independent transgenic events had improved canopy green cover, lower canopy temperatures, and higher leaf water potential than their respective non-transgenic nulls, with no abnormality in morphology and phenology. Increased grain yield was observed in transgenic events under both water treatments, with the yield increase more pronounced under water stress (26-42%). These results have shown that delayed leaf senescence using the chimeric transgene AtMYB32xs-p::IPT can be a useful strategy to achieve grain yield gains in wheat and potentially other crops for sustainable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Joshi
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, VIC, Australia
| | - Anil Choukimath
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Isenegger
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Joe Panozzo
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, VIC, Australia
| | - German Spangenberg
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Surya Kant
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Surya Kant,
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46
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Gantait S, Mondal S. Transgenic approaches for genetic improvement in groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) against major biotic and abiotic stress factors. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:537-544. [PMID: 30733771 PMCID: PMC6354002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is considered as one of the primary oilseed crops and a major fodder for cattle industry in most of the developing countries, owing to its rich source of protein. It is due to its geocarpic nature of growth that the overall yield performance of groundnut is hindered by several biotic and abiotic stress factors. Multidimensional attempts were undertaken to combat these factors by developing superior groundnut varieties, modified with integral mechanism of tolerance/resistance; however this approach proved to be futile, owing to inferior pod and kernel quality. As a superior alternative, biotechnological intervention like transformation of foreign genes, either directly (biolistic) or via Agrobacterium, significantly aided in the development of advanced groundnut genotypes equipped with integral resistance against stresses and enhanced yield attributing traits. Several genes triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses, were detected and some of them were cloned and transformed as major parts of transgenic programmes. Application of modern molecular biological techniques, in designing biotic and abiotic stress tolerant/resistant groundnut varieties that exhibited mechanisms of resistance, relied on the expression of specific genes associated to particular stress. The genetically transformed stress tolerant groundnut varieties possess the potential to be employed as donor parents in traditional breeding programmes for developing varieties that are resilient to fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases, as well as to draught and salinity. The present review emphasizes on the retrospect and prospect of genetic transformation tools, implemented for the enhancement of groundnut varieties against key biotic and abiotic stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Gantait
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Groundnut, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252, India
| | - Suvendu Mondal
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, Maharashtra, India
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Pilon C, Snider JL, Sobolev V, Chastain DR, Sorensen RB, Meeks CD, Massa AN, Walk T, Singh B, Earl HJ. Assessing stomatal and non-stomatal limitations to carbon assimilation under progressive drought in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:124-134. [PMID: 30261481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought is known to limit carbon assimilation in plants. However, it has been debated whether photosynthesis is primarily inhibited by stomatal or non-stomatal factors. This research assessed the underlying limitations to photosynthesis in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown under progressive drought. Specifically, field-grown peanut plants were exposed to either well-watered or drought-stressed conditions during flowering. Measurements included survey measurements of gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, PSII thermotolerance, pigment content, and rapid A-Ci response (RACiR) assessments. Drought significantly decreased stomatal conductance with consequent declines in photosynthesis (AN), actual quantum yield of PSII, and electron transport rate (ETR). Pigment contents were variable and depended on stress severity. Stomatal closure on stressed plants resulted in higher leaf temperatures, but Fv/Fm and PSII thermotolerance were only slightly affected by drought. A strong, hyperbolic relationship was observed between stomatal conductance, AN, and ETR. However, when RACiR analysis was conducted, drought significantly decreased AN at Ci values comparable to drought-stressed plants, indicating non-stomatal limitations to AN. The maximum rate of carboxylation and maximum electron transport rate were severely limited by drought, and chloroplast CO2 concentration (CC) declined substantially under drought along with a comparable increase in partitioning of electron flow to photorespiration. Thus, while stomatal conductance may be a viable reference indicator of water deficit stress in peanut, we conclude that declines in AN were largely due to non-stomatal (diffusional and metabolic) limitations. Additionally, this is the first study to apply the rapid A-Ci response method to peanut, with comparable results to traditional A-Ci methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Pilon
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA, 31794, United States of America.
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA, 31794, United States of America
| | - Victor Sobolev
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, 1011 Forrester Drive, Dawson, GA, 39842, United States of America
| | - Daryl R Chastain
- Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, PO Box 197, Stoneville, MS, 38776, United States of America
| | - Ronald B Sorensen
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, 1011 Forrester Drive, Dawson, GA, 39842, United States of America
| | - Calvin D Meeks
- Fisher Delta Center, University of Missouri, 147 State Highway T, Portageville, MO 63873, United States of America
| | - Alicia N Massa
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, 1011 Forrester Drive, Dawson, GA, 39842, United States of America
| | - Travis Walk
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Peanut Research Laboratory, 1011 Forrester Drive, Dawson, GA, 39842, United States of America
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, PO Box 197, Stoneville, MS, 38776, United States of America
| | - Hugh J Earl
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Ciura J, Kruk J. Phytohormones as targets for improving plant productivity and stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 229:32-40. [PMID: 30031159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the results of experiments that lead to altered levels of phytohormones in transgenic plants to improve plant productivity. The available data indicate that manipulating the level of phytohormones might also be a promising way to enhance the environmental stress tolerance of crop plants. In the regulation of the level of phytohormones, both biosynthesis and their catabolism pathways can be targeted for engineering purposes. Moreover, the signaling pathways of phytohormones should explored in this respect. In genetic modifications, conditional promoters must be developed to avoid undesired effects on growth. In order to find a practical application, the effects of genetic modifications should be further verified under field conditions and over a longer time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ciura
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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Li P, Yang H, Liu G, Ma W, Li C, Huo H, He J, Liu L. PpSARK Regulates Moss Senescence and Salt Tolerance through ABA Related Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2609. [PMID: 30177627 PMCID: PMC6163601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence-associated receptor-like kinase (SARK) family members in Arabidopsis, soybean, and rice are known to be positive regulators of leaf senescence. In the meantime, SARKs are extensively involved in stress response. However, their function and underlying molecular mechanism in stress responses in moss are not well known. Here, we investigated functional roles of SARK isolated from Physcomitrella patens (PpSARK) in salt stress response and senescence. PpSARK transcripts significantly accumulated under NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, with higher expression in the moss gametophyte stage. Insertional gain-of-function mutants of PpSARK (PpSARKg) were more tolerant to salt stress and ABA than wild type (WT), whereas senescence of mutants was delayed during the protonema stage. Expression of stress-responsive genes in the ABA related pathway, such as PpABI3, PpABI5, PpPP2C, and PpLEA were significantly higher in PpSARKg and WT under salt stress conditions, suggesting that PpSARK might positively regulate salt tolerance via an ABA-related pathway. Endogenous ABA contents also increased 3-fold under salt stress conditions. These results indicate that PpSARK functions as a positive regulator in salt stress responses, while possibly functioning as a negative regulator in senescence in moss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming 650201, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming 650201, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Gaojing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Wenzhang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Chuanhong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA.
| | - Jianfang He
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming 650201, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming 650201, China.
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50
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Akram NA, Shafiq F, Ashraf M. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): A Prospective Legume Crop to Offer Multiple Health Benefits Under Changing Climate. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1325-1338. [PMID: 33350163 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peanut is a multipurpose oil-seed legume, which offer benefits in many ways. Apart from the peanut plant's beneficial effects on soil quality, peanut seeds are nutritious and medicinally and economically important. In this review, insights into peanut origin and its domestication are provided. Peanut is rich in bioactive components, including phenolics, flavonoids, polyphenols, and resveratrol. In addition, the involvement of peanut in biological nitrogen fixation is highly significant. Recent reports regarding peanut responses and N2 fixation ability in response to abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, heat stress, and iron deficiency on calcareous soils, have been incorporated. As a biotechnological note, recent advances in the development of transgenic peanut plants are also highlighted. In this context, regulation of transcriptional factors and gene transfer for the development of stress-tolerant peanut genotypes are of prime importance. Above all, this review signifies the importance of peanut cultivation and human consumption in view of the scenario of changing world climate in order to maintain food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahad Shafiq
- Dept. of Botany, Government College Univ. Faisalabad, Pakistan
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