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Liu Y, Jing Y, Gao Y, Li M, Qin W, Xie Y, Zhang B, Li J. Exploring the correlation between childhood trauma experiences, inflammation, and brain activity in first-episode, drug-naive major depressive disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01847-3. [PMID: 39073445 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma experiences and inflammation are pivotal factors in the onset and perpetuation of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, research on brain mechanisms linking childhood trauma experiences and inflammation to depression remains insufficient and inconclusive. METHODS Resting-state fMRI scans were performed on fifty-six first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients and sixty healthy controls (HCs). A whole-brain functional network was constructed by thresholding 246 brain regions, and connectivity and network properties were calculated. Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in MDD patients, and childhood trauma experiences were evaluated through the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). RESULTS Negative correlations were observed between CTQ total (r = -0.28, p = 0.047), emotional neglect (r = -0.286, p = 0.042) scores, as well as plasma IL-6 levels (r = -0.294, p = 0.036), with mean decreased functional connectivity (FC) in MDD patients. Additionally, physical abuse exhibited a positive correlation with the nodal clustering coefficient of the left thalamus in patients (r = 0.306, p = 0.029). Exploratory analysis indicated negative correlations between CTQ total and emotional neglect scores and mean decreased FC in MDD patients with lower plasma IL-6 levels (n = 28), while these correlations were nonsignificant in MDD patients with higher plasma IL-6 levels (n = 28). CONCLUSIONS This finding enhances our understanding of the correlation between childhood trauma experiences, inflammation, and brain activity in MDD, suggesting potential variations in their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yifan Jing
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China.
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2
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Battaglia S, Nazzi C, Fullana MA, di Pellegrino G, Borgomaneri S. 'Nip it in the bud': Low-frequency rTMS of the prefrontal cortex disrupts threat memory consolidation in humans. Behav Res Ther 2024; 178:104548. [PMID: 38704974 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
It is still unclear how the human brain consolidates aversive (e.g., traumatic) memories and whether this process can be disrupted. We hypothesized that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is crucially involved in threat memory consolidation. To test this, we used low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) within the memory stabilization time window to disrupt the expression of threat memory. We combined a differential threat-conditioning paradigm with LF-rTMS targeting the dlPFC in the critical condition, and occipital cortex stimulation, delayed dlPFC stimulation, and sham stimulation as control conditions. In the critical condition, defensive reactions to threat were reduced immediately after brain stimulation, and 1 h and 24 h later. In stark contrast, no decrease was observed in the control conditions, thus showing both the anatomical and temporal specificity of our intervention. We provide causal evidence that selectively targeting the dlPFC within the early consolidation period prevents the persistence and return of conditioned responses. Furthermore, memory disruption lasted longer than the inhibitory window created by our TMS protocol, which suggests that we influenced dlPFC neural activity and hampered the underlying, time-dependent consolidation process. These results provide important insights for future clinical applications aimed at interfering with the consolidation of aversive, threat-related memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Battaglia
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124, Turin, Italy.
| | - Claudio Nazzi
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Miquel A Fullana
- Adult Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe di Pellegrino
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Sara Borgomaneri
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 47521, Cesena, Italy.
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3
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Ferris CS, Inman CS, Hamann S. FMRI correlates of autobiographical memory: Comparing silent retrieval with narrated retrieval. Neuropsychologia 2024; 196:108842. [PMID: 38428520 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
FMRI studies of autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval typically ask subjects to retrieve memories silently to avoid speech-related motion artifacts. Recently, some fMRI studies have started to use overt (spoken) retrieval to probe moment-to-moment retrieved content. However, the extent to which the overt retrieval method alters fMRI activations during retrieval is unknown. Here we examined this question by eliciting unrehearsed AMs during fMRI scanning either overtly or silently, in the same subjects, in different runs. Differences between retrieval modality (silent vs. narrated) included greater activation for silent retrieval in the anterior hippocampus, left angular gyrus, PCC, and superior PFC, and greater activation for narrated retrieval in speech production regions, posterior hippocampus, and the DLPFC. To probe temporal dynamics, we divided each retrieval period into an initial search phase and a later elaboration phase. The activations during the search and elaboration phases were broadly similar regardless of modality, and these activations were in line with previous fMRI studies of AM temporal dynamics employing silent retrieval. For both retrieval modalities, search activated the hippocampus, mPFC, ACC, and PCC, and elaboration activated the left DLPFC and middle temporal gyri. To examine content-specific reactivation during retrieval, the timecourse of narrated memory content was transcribed and modeled. We observed dynamic activation associated with object content in the lateral occipital complex, and activation associated with scene content in the retrosplenial cortex. The current findings show that both silent and narrated AMs activate a broadly similar memory network, with some key differences, and add to current knowledge regarding the content-specific dynamics of AM retrieval. However, these observed differences between retrieval modality suggest that studies using overt retrieval should carefully consider this method's possible effects on cognitive and neural processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Ferris
- Emory University, Department of Psychology, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Cory S Inman
- University of Utah, Department of Psychology, 380 S 1530 E Beh S 502, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Stephan Hamann
- Emory University, Department of Psychology, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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4
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Dai YF, Zhong XK, Gao XY, Huang C, Leng WW, Chen HZ, Jiang CH. Aerobic fitness as a moderator of acute aerobic exercise effects on executive function. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae141. [PMID: 38602740 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the moderating role of aerobic fitness on the effect of acute exercise on improving executive function from both behavioral and cerebral aspects. Thirty-four young individuals with motor skills were divided into high- and low-fitness groups based on their maximal oxygen uptake. Both groups completed 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on a power bike. Executive function tests (Flanker, N-back, More-odd-shifting) were performed before and after exercise and functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor prefrontal cerebral blood flow changes during the tasks. The results indicated significant differences between the two groups regarding executive function. Participants with lower aerobic fitness performed better than their higher fitness counterparts in inhibitory control and working memory, but not in cognitive flexibility. This finding suggests that the aerobic fitness may moderate the extent of cognitive benefits gained from acute aerobic exercise. Furthermore, the neuroimaging data indicated negative activation in the frontopolar area and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in response to three complex tasks. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual aerobic fitness when assessing the cognitive benefits of exercise and could have significant implications for tailoring fitness programs to enhance cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fu Dai
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11, North 3rd Ring West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Zhong
- College of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, No. 18, Wulongjiang Middle Avenue, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Gao
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11, North 3rd Ring West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11, North 3rd Ring West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wen-Wu Leng
- Xinyu No. 4 Middle School, No. 328, North Lake West Road, Chengbei Street, Yushui District, Xinyu, Jiangxi, 338099, China
| | - Han-Zhe Chen
- Tianjin No. 2 High School, No. 109, Kunwei Road, Hebei District, Tianjin, 300143, China
| | - Chang-Hao Jiang
- The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11, North 3rd Ring West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
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5
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Boehme S, Herrmann MJ, Mühlberger A. Good moments to stimulate the brain - A randomized controlled double-blinded study on anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex on two different time points in a two-day fear conditioning paradigm. Behav Brain Res 2024; 460:114804. [PMID: 38103872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
It is assumed that extinction learning is a suitable model for understanding the mechanisms underlying exposure therapy. Furthermore, there is evidence that non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) can elevate extinction learning by enhancing frontal brain activity and therefore NIBS can augment symptom reduction during exposure therapy in phobias. But, the underlying processes are still not well established. Open questions arise from NIBS time points and electrode placement, among others. Therefore, we investigated in a 2-day fear conditioning experiment, whether anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) modulates either fear memory consolidation or dampened fear reaction during fear extinction. Sixty-six healthy participants were randomly assigned either to a group that received tDCS after fear acquisition (and before fear memory consolidation), to a group that received tDCS directly before fear extinction, or to a control group that never received active stimulation (sham). Differential skin conductance response (SCR) to CS+ vs. CS- was significantly decreased in both tDCS-groups compared to sham group. Our region of interest, the vmPFC, was stimulated best focally with a lateral anode position and a cathode on the contralateral side. But this comes along with a slightly lateral stimulation of vmPFC depending on whether anode is placed left or right. To avoid unintended effects of stimulated sides the two electrode montages (anode left or right) were mirror-inverted which led to differential effects in SCR and electrocortical (mainly late positive potential [LPP]) data in our exploratory analyses. Results indicated that tDCS-timing is relevant for fear reactions via disturbed fear memory consolidation as well as fear expression, and this depends on whether vmPFC is stimulated with either left- or right-sided anode electrode montage. Electrocortical data can shed more light on the underlying neural correlates and exaggerated LPP seems to be associated with disturbed fear memory consolidation and dampened SCR to CS+ vs. CS-, but solely in the right anode electrode montage. Further open questions addressing where and when to stimulate the prefrontal brain in the course of augmenting fear extinction are raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Boehme
- Department of Psychology, Chair for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Wilhelm-Raabe-Straße 43, D-09120 Chemnitz, Germany; Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Martin J Herrmann
- Center of Mental Health, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Margarete-Hoeppel-Platz 1, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mühlberger
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Hasan SM, Huq MS, Chowdury AZ, Baajour S, Kopchick J, Robison AJ, Thakkar KN, Haddad L, Amirsadri A, Thomas P, Khatib D, Rajan U, Stanley JA, Diwadkar VA. Learning without contingencies: A loss of synergy between memory and reward circuits in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2023; 258:21-35. [PMID: 37467677 PMCID: PMC10521382 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Motivational deficits in schizophrenia may interact with foundational cognitive processes including learning and memory to induce impaired cognitive proficiency. If such a loss of synergy exists, it is likely to be underpinned by a loss of synchrony between the brains learning and reward sub-networks. Moreover, this loss should be observed even during tasks devoid of explicit reward contingencies given that such tasks are better models of real world performance than those with artificial contingencies. Here we applied undirected functional connectivity (uFC) analyses to fMRI data acquired while participants engaged in an associative learning task without contingencies or feedback. uFC was estimated and inter-group differences (between schizophrenia patients and controls, n = 54 total, n = 28 patients) were assessed within and between reward (VTA and NAcc) and learning/memory (Basal Ganglia, DPFC, Hippocampus, Parahippocampus, Occipital Lobe) sub-networks. The task paradigm itself alternated between Encoding, Consolidation, and Retrieval conditions, and uFC differences were quantified for each of the conditions. Significantly reduced uFC dominated the connectivity profiles of patients across all conditions. More pertinent to our motivations, these reductions were observed within and across classes of sub-networks (reward-related and learning/memory related). We suggest that disrupted functional connectivity between reward and learning sub-networks may drive many of the performance deficits that characterize schizophrenia. Thus, cognitive deficits in schizophrenia may in fact be underpinned by a loss of synergy between reward-sensitivity and cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazid M Hasan
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, USA
| | - Munajj S Huq
- Michigan State University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, USA
| | - Asadur Z Chowdury
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Shahira Baajour
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - John Kopchick
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - A J Robison
- Dept. of Physiology, Michigan State University, USA
| | | | - Luay Haddad
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Alireza Amirsadri
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Patricia Thomas
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Usha Rajan
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA.
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7
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Beneventi H, Løhaugen GC, Andersen GL, Sundberg C, Østgård HF, Bakkan E, Walther G, Vik T, Skranes J. Working Memory Training in Norwegian Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) Show Minimal Evidence of Near and No Far Transfer Effects. Dev Neurorehabil 2023; 26:364-370. [PMID: 37740724 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2023.2259985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
In children with cerebral palsy (CP), learning disabilities are well documented, and impairments in executive functions, such as attention, inhibition, shifting and working memory, represent significant burdens on patients, their families and the society. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Cogmed RM working memory training could improve working memory in children with CP and investigate whether increased working memory capacity would generalize to other cognitive functions. Twenty-eight children completed the training and the results were compared to a waitlist control group (n = 32). The results yielded three main findings. First, children with CP improved with practice on trained working memory tasks. Second, the intervention group showed minimal near transfer effects to non-trained working memory tasks. Third, no effects on cognitive and behavioral far transfer measures were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Beneventi
- Department of Paediatric Habilitation, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Gro Cc Løhaugen
- Department of Pediatrics, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro L Andersen
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Cerebral Palsy Register of Norway, Habilitation Center, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Cato Sundberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway
| | - Heidi Furre Østgård
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ellen Bakkan
- Department of Paediatric Habilitation, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Geir Walther
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Torstein Vik
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jon Skranes
- Department of Pediatrics, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Koutentaki E, Basta M, Antypa D, Zaganas I, Panagiotakis S, Simos P, Vgontzas AN. IL-6 Enhances the Negative Impact of Cortisol on Cognition among Community-Dwelling Older People without Dementia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11070951. [PMID: 37046878 PMCID: PMC10094120 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that high basal cortisol levels and systemic inflammation independently contribute to cognitive decline among older people without dementia. The present cross-sectional study examined (a) the potential synergistic effect of cortisol levels and systemic inflammation on executive function and (b) whether this effect is more prominent among older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A sub-sample of 99 patients with MCI and 84 older people without cognitive impairment (CNI) (aged 73.8 ± 7.0 years) were recruited from a large population-based cohort in Crete, Greece, and underwent comprehensive neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological evaluation and a single morning measurement of cortisol and IL-6 plasma levels. Using moderated regression models, we found that the relation between cortisol and executive function in the total sample was moderated by IL-6 levels (b = −0.994, p = 0.044) and diagnostic group separately (b = −0.632, p < 0.001). Moreover, the interaction between cortisol and IL-6 levels was significant only among persons with MCI (b = −0.562, p < 0.001). The synergistic effect of stress hormones and systemic inflammation on cognitive status appears to be stronger among older people who already display signs of cognitive decline. Targeting hypercortisolemia and inflammation may be a promising strategy toward improving the course of cognitive decline.
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Su X, Zhang X, Pei J, Deng M, Pan L, Liu J, Cui M, Zhan C, Wang J, Wu Y, Zhao L, Wang Z, Liu J, Song Y. Working memory-related alterations in neural oscillations reveal the influence of in-vehicle toluene on cognition at low concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:21723-21734. [PMID: 36274073 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although toluene is a typical in-vehicle pollutant, the impacts of in-vehicle toluene exposure on cognitive functions remain unestablished. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term toluene exposure in vehicles on working memory based on neural oscillations. In total, 24 healthy adults were recruited. Each subject was exposed to four different concentrations of toluene and divided into 0 ppb, 17.5 ppb, 35 ppb, and 70 ppb groups for self-control studies. After 4 h of exposure to each concentration of toluene, a behavioral test of visual working memory was performed while 19-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were collected. Meanwhile, the power spectral density (PSD) and spatial distribution of working memory encoding, maintenance, and extraction periods were calculated by short-time Fourier transform to clarify the characteristic frequency bands, major brain regions, and characteristic channels of each period. To compare the changes in the characteristic patterns of neural oscillations under the effect of different concentrations of toluene. There was no significant difference in working memory reaction time and correct rate between the groups at different toluene concentrations (p > 0.05). The characteristic frequency band of the working memory neural oscillations in each group was the theta frequency band; the PSD of the theta frequency band was predominantly concentrated in the frontal area, and the characteristic channel was the Fz channel. The whole brain (F = 3.817, p < 0.05; F = 4.758, p < 0.01; F = 3.694, p < 0.05), the frontal area (F = 2.505, p < 0.05; F = 2.839, p < 0.05; F = 6.068, p < 0.05), the Fz channel (F = 3.522, p < 0.05; F = 3.745, p < 0.05; F = 6.526, p < 0.05), and the PSD of working memory in the theta frequency band was significantly increased in the 70 ppb group compared with the other three groups during the coding, maintenance, and retrieval phases of working memory. When the in-vehicle toluene exposure concentration was 70 ppb, the PSD of the characteristic frequency bands of working memory was significantly increased in the whole brain, major brain regions, and characteristic channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Su
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
- General Medicine Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
- General Medicine Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jingjing Pei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meili Deng
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
- General Medicine Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Liping Pan
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
- General Medicine Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
- General Medicine Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Mingrui Cui
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
- General Medicine Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Changqin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Wuhu No.2 People's Hospital, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
- General Medicine Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yakun Wu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China
- General Medicine Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zunkun Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yijun Song
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- General Medicine Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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10
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Martin DM, Rushby JA, De Blasio FM, Wearne T, Osborne-Crowley K, Francis H, Xu M, Loo C, McDonald S. The effect of tDCS electrode montage on attention and working memory. Neuropsychologia 2023; 179:108462. [PMID: 36563998 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving attention and working memory have been generally mixed and small, potentially due to variability between studies with montages, stimulus parameters and outcome measures. The tDCS montage is an important parameter which determines the degree and intensity of stimulation in targeted brain regions. This study aimed to examine the effects of using three different montages for modulating attention and working memory performance: Bi-frontal, Broad-frontal and Broad-parietal. Ninety-three healthy adults participated in a counterbalanced cross-over study. Participants received both active and sham tDCS with either the Bi-frontal, Broad-frontal or Broad-parietal montage during performance of both a 1- and 2-back task. TDCS montage moderated 2-back working memory reaction time performance, though not accuracy, with faster reaction times observed for active compared to sham tDCS with the Broad-frontal montage only (F (1,90) = 5.26, p = .024, η2 = 0.06). TDCS montage did not significantly moderate performance on the 1-back task. The cognitive effects of tDCS varied according to montage, task, and outcome measure. TDCS administered with the cathode placed extracephalically in a Broad-frontal montage may be beneficial for improving working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donel M Martin
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2502, Australia; Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
| | - Jacqueline A Rushby
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2502, Australia
| | - Frances M De Blasio
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2502, Australia
| | - Travis Wearne
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2502, Australia
| | | | - Heather Francis
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2502, Australia
| | - Mei Xu
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2502, Australia; Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Colleen Loo
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2502, Australia; Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Skye McDonald
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2502, Australia
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11
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Satorres E, Escudero Torrella J, Real E, Pitarque A, Delhom I, Melendez JC. Home-based transcranial direct current stimulation in mild neurocognitive disorder due to possible Alzheimer's disease. A randomised, single-blind, controlled-placebo study. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1071737. [PMID: 36660288 PMCID: PMC9844131 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1071737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mild neurocognitive disorder (mNCD), a pre-dementia stage close to Mild Cognitive Impairment, shows a progressive and constant decline in the memory domain. Of the non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions that may help to decelerate the neurodegenerative progress, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) shows beneficial effects on the learning curve, immediate recall, immediate verbal memory and executive functions. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of tDCS on general cognition, immediate and delayed memory and executive functions by comparing an active group with a placebo group of mNCD patients. Methods Participants were 33 mNCD due to possible AD, randomly assigned to two groups: 17 active tDCS and 16 placebo tDCS. Ten sessions of tDCS were conducted over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Several neuropsychological scales were administered to assess the primary outcome measures of general cognitive function, immediate and delayed memory and learning ability, whereas the secondary outcome measures included executive function tests. All participants were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Mixed ANOVAs were performed. Results Significant effects were obtained on general cognitive function, immediate and delayed memory and learning ability, with increases in scores in the active tDCS group. However, there were no significant effects on executive function performance. Conclusion The present study demonstrated the effectiveness of tDCS in an active tDCS group, compared to a placebo group, in improving general cognition and immediate and delayed memory, as previous studies found. Taken together, our data suggest that tDCS is a simple, painless, reproducible and easy technique that is useful for treating cognitive alterations found in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Real
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Iraida Delhom
- Faculty of Psychology, Jaume I University, Castellón de La Plana, Spain
| | - Juan C. Melendez
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,*Correspondence: Juan C. Melendez,
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12
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The effect of tDCS electrode montage on attention and working memory. Neuropsychologia 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.10846t2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Aktürk T, de Graaf TA, Güntekin B, Hanoğlu L, Sack AT. Enhancing memory capacity by experimentally slowing theta frequency oscillations using combined EEG-tACS. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14199. [PMID: 35987918 PMCID: PMC9392784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The coupling of gamma oscillation (~ 40+ Hz) amplitude to the phase of ongoing theta (~ 6 Hz) oscillations has been proposed to be directly relevant for memory performance. Current theories suggest that memory capacity scales with number of gamma cycles that can be fitted into the preferred phase of a theta cycle. Following this logic, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) may be used to adjust theta cycles (increasing/decreasing theta frequency) to decrease or increase memory performance during stimulation. Here, we used individualized EEG-informed theta tACS to (1) experimentally “slow down” individual theta frequency (ITF), (2) evaluate cognitive after effects on a battery of memory and learning tasks, and (3) link the cognitive performance changes to tACS-induced effects on theta-band oscillations as measured by post EEG. We found frequency- and task-specific tACS after effects demonstrating a specific enhancement in memory capacity. This tACS-induced cognitive enhancement was specific to the visual memory task performed immediately after tACS offset, and specific to the ITF-1 Hz (slowing) stimulation condition and thus following a protocol specifically designed to slow down theta frequency to enhance memory capacity. Follow-up correlation analyses in this group linked the enhanced memory performance to increased left frontal-parietal theta-band connectivity. Interestingly, resting-state theta power immediately after tACS offset revealed a theta power increase not for the ITF-1 Hz group, but only for the ITF group where the tACS frequency was ‘optimal’ for entrainment. These results suggest that while individually calibrated tACS at peak frequency maximally modulates resting-state oscillatory power, tACS stimulation slightly below this optimal peak theta frequency is better suited to enhance memory capacity performance. Importantly, our results further suggest that such cognitive enhancement effects can last beyond the period of stimulation and are linked to increased network connectivity, opening the door towards more clinical and applied relevance of using tACS in cognitive rehabilitation and/or neurocognitive enhancement.
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14
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Determinants of quality, specificity, and stability of emotional episodic memories in a fine-dining context. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2022.100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Antypa D, Basta M, Vgontzas A, Zaganas I, Panagiotakis S, Vogiatzi E, Kokosali E, Simos P. The association of basal cortisol levels with episodic memory in older adults is mediated by executive function. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 190:107600. [PMID: 35182737 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated basal cortisol levels in elderly may indicate dysregulation of the internal stress-related system, as well as dysfunction and structural alterations in brain structures necessary for cognition, such as hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Because of the close relation of executive functions and episodic memory processing, in this study we explored whether the association of elevated cortisol levels on episodic memory could be partly attributed to cortisol effects on executive functions. In this cross-sectional study we analyzed data from a sample of 236 community-dwelling older adults from the Cretan Aging Cohort aged 75.56 ± 7.21 years [53 with dementia due to probable Alzheimer's disease, 99 with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and 84 cognitively non-impaired participants (NI)]. Morning serum cortisol levels were higher in the probable AD as compared to the NI group (p = .031). Mediated regression models in the total sample supported the hypothesis that the negative association of basal cortisol levels with delayed memory was fully mediated by the relation of basal cortisol levels with executive functions and immediate memory (adjusted for age and self-reported depression symptoms). Moderated mediation regression models revealed that the direct effect of cortisol on executive function and the effect of executive function on delayed memory performance were statistically significant among participants diagnosed with MCI, while the immediate memory effect on delayed memory was more pronounced in AD patients, as compared to the NI group. The current findings corroborate neuroimaging research highlighting cortisol effects on executive functions and immediate memory and further suggest that dysregulation of systems involved in these functions may account for the purported detrimental long-term effects of high cortisol levels on delayed memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Antypa
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Maria Basta
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Zaganas
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Symeon Panagiotakis
- Internal Medicine Department, Heraklion University Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Evgenia Kokosali
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Simos
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Foundation of Research and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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16
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Won J, Callow DD, Purcell JJ, Smith JC. Differential associations of regional cerebellar volume with gait speed and working memory. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2355. [PMID: 35149757 PMCID: PMC8837608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between gait speed and working memory is well-understood in older adults. However, it remains to be determined whether this relationship also exists in younger adults; and there is little known regarding the possible neural mechanism underlying the association between gait speed and working memory. The aims of this study are to determine if there is: (1) an association between gait speed and working memory performance; and (2) a mediating role of cerebellar subregion volume in the correlation between gait speed and working memory in healthy younger adults. 1054 younger adults (28.7 ± 3.6 years) from the Human Connectome Project were included in the analyses. A four-meter gait test was used to assess gait speed. The 2-back task was used to measure working memory performance [accuracy and response time (RT)]. T1-weighted structural MRI data (obtained using Siemens 3 T MRI scanner) was used to assess cerebellar subregion volumes. Linear regression and mediation analysis were used to examine the relationships between the variables after controlling for age, sex, and education. There was no association between gait speed and 2-back working memory performance in younger adults. Greater Crus I and whole cerebellar volumes were associated with better 2-back working memory accuracy. Greater VIIIa volume was associated with faster gait speed. Greater Crus 1 and VIIIa volumes were also associated with higher fluid cognition. The present study suggests that specific subregions of the cerebellar volumes are distinctively associated with gait speed and working memory performance in healthy younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyeon Won
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 2351 SPH Bldg #255, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Daniel D Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 2351 SPH Bldg #255, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Jeremy J Purcell
- Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - J Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, 2351 SPH Bldg #255, College Park, MD, 20742, USA. .,Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
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17
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Chang F, Li H, Li N, Zhang S, Liu C, Zhang Q, Cai W. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy as a potential objective evaluation technique in neurocognitive disorders after traumatic brain injury. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:903756. [PMID: 35935423 PMCID: PMC9352882 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.903756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with neurocognitive disorders after traumatic brain injury (TBI) show executive dysfunction, in which the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role. However, less objective evaluation technique could be used to assess the executive dysfunction in these patients. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which is a non-invasive technique, has been widely used in the study of psychiatric disorders, cognitive dysfunction, etc. The present study aimed to explore whether fNIRS could be a technique to assess the damage degree of executive function in patients with neurocognitive disorders after TBI by using the Stroop and N-back tasks in PFC areas. We enrolled 37 patients with neurocognitive disorders after TBI and 60 healthy controls. A 22-channel fNIRS device was used to record HbO during Stroop, 1-back and 2-back tasks. The results showed that patients made significantly more errors and had longer response times than healthy controls. There were statistically significant differences in HbO level variation in bilateral frontopolar, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus during Stroop color word consistency tasks and in left frontopolar during Stroop color word inconsistency tasks. During 2-back tasks, there were also statistically significant differences in HbO level variation in bilateral frontopolar, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex. According to brain activation maps, the patients exhibited lower but more widespread activation during the 2-back and Stroop color word consistency tasks. The fNIRS could identify executive dysfunction in patients with neurocognitive disorders after TBI by detecting HbO levels, which suggested that fNIRS could be a potential objective evaluation technique in neurocognitive disorders after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Haozhe Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Li
- Hongkou Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinting Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixiong Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
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18
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Ge X, Zheng Y, Qiao Y, Pan N, Simon JP, Lee M, Jiang W, Kim H, Shi Y, Liu M. Hippocampal Asymmetry of Regional Development and Structural Covariance in Preterm Neonates. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:4271-4283. [PMID: 34969086 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature birth is associated with a high prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairments in surviving infants. The hippocampus is known to be critical for learning and memory, yet the putative effects of hippocampal dysfunction remain poorly understood in preterm neonates. In particular, while asymmetry of the hippocampus has been well noted both structurally and functionally, how preterm birth impairs hippocampal development and to what extent the hippocampus is asymmetrically impaired by preterm birth have not been well delineated. In this study, we compared volumetric growth and shape development in the hippocampal hemispheres and structural covariance (SC) between hippocampal vertices and cortical thickness in cerebral cortex regions between two groups. We found that premature infants had smaller volumes of the right hippocampi only. Lower thickness was observed in the hippocampal head in both hemispheres for preterm neonates compared with full-term peers, though preterm neonates exhibited an accelerated age-related change of hippocampal thickness in the left hippocampi. The SC between the left hippocampi and the limbic lobe of the premature infants was severely impaired compared with the term-born neonates. These findings suggested that the development of the hippocampus during the third trimester may be altered following early extrauterine exposure with a high degree of asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Ge
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China.,Department of Neurology, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuanjie Zheng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China
| | - Yuchuan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ningning Pan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China
| | - Julia Pia Simon
- Department of Neurology, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mitchell Lee
- Department of Neurology, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Hosung Kim
- Department of Neurology, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yonggang Shi
- Department of Neurology, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mengting Liu
- Department of Neurology, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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19
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Blundon EG, Gallagher RE, Ward LM. Resting state network activation and functional connectivity in the dying brain. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 135:166-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Mangano GR, Oliveri M, Smirni D, Tarantino V, Turriziani P. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Trains at 1 Hz Frequency of the Right Posterior Parietal Cortex Facilitate Recognition Memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:696793. [PMID: 34720903 PMCID: PMC8551394 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.696793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging, neuropsychological, and brain stimulation studies have led to contrasting findings regarding the potential roles of the lateral parietal lobe in episodic memory. Studies using brain stimulation methods reported in the literature do not offer unequivocal findings on the interactions with stimulation location (left vs. right hemisphere) or timing of the stimulation (encoding vs. retrieval). To address these issues, active and sham 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) trains of 600 stimuli were applied over the right or left posterior parietal cortex (PPC) before the encoding or before the retrieval phase of a recognition memory task of unknown faces in a group of 40 healthy subjects. Active rTMS over the right but not the left PPC significantly improved non-verbal recognition memory performance without any significant modulation of speed of response when applied before the retrieval phase. In contrast, rTMS over the right or the left PPC before the encoding phase did not modulate memory performance. Our results support the hypothesis that the PPC plays a role in episodic memory retrieval that appears to be dependent on both the hemispheric lateralization and the timing of the stimulation (encoding vs. retrieval).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Renata Mangano
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Neuroteam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Oliveri
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Neuroteam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Smirni
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Neuroteam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenza Tarantino
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Neuroteam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Turriziani
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Neuroteam Life and Science, Palermo, Italy
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21
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Duarte-Abritta B, Sánchez SM, Abulafia C, Gustafson DR, Vázquez S, Sevlever G, Castro MN, Fiorentini L, Villarreal MF, Guinjoan SM. Amyloid and anatomical correlates of executive functioning in middle-aged offspring of patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 316:111342. [PMID: 34365076 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A traditional hallmark of cognitive impairment associated with late-onset Alzheimer´s disease (LOAD) is episodic memory impairment. However, early alterations have been identified in brain regions associated with executive function in asymptomatic, middle-age offspring of patients with LOAD (O-LOAD) compared to those with no family history. We hypothesized that executive function among O-LOAD would correlate with structural and amyloid brain imaging differently from those without a family history of LOAD (control subjects, CS). Executive function, cortical thickness, and in-vivo Aβ deposits were quantified in 30 O-LOAD and 25 CS. Associations were observed among O-LOAD only. Cortical thickness in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex was positively associated with Design Fluency. The Stroop Color and Word Test, correlated positively with right rostral mid-frontal cortex thickness. Trails Making Test-B was inversely related to left medial orbitofrontal thickness. Tower of London total time was positively associated with β-amyloid deposition in the right precuneus. These results support previous evidence that early executive dysfunction might reflect subtle, early changes in persons at risk of LOAD and suggests that executive function alterations deserve further exploration in the LOAD literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Duarte-Abritta
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stella-Maris Sánchez
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Cs. Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Abulafia
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah R Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York University Downstate Health Sciences University, United States
| | - Silvia Vázquez
- Centro de imágenes moleculares (CIM), Fundación FLENI, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Sevlever
- Departamento de Neuropatología y Biología Molecular, Fundación FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana N Castro
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Fundación FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leticia Fiorentini
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Fundación FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta F Villarreal
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Cs. Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Salvador M Guinjoan
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurofisiología I, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, OK, United States.
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22
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Yu Y, Mo PKH, Zhang J, Li J, Lau JTF. Impulsivity, Self-control, Interpersonal Influences, and Maladaptive Cognitions as Factors of Internet Gaming Disorder Among Adolescents in China: Cross-sectional Mediation Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e26810. [PMID: 34704960 PMCID: PMC8581749 DOI: 10.2196/26810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gaming disorder, including internet gaming disorder (IGD), was recently defined by the World Health Organization as a mental disease in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Thus, reducing IGD is warranted. Maladaptive cognitions related to internet gaming (MCIG) have been associated with IGD, while impulsivity, self-control, parental influences, and peer influences are key risk factors of IGD. Previous literature suggests that MCIG is associated with the aforementioned 4 risk factors and IGD, and may thus mediate between these risk factors and IGD. These potential mediations, if significant, imply that modification of MCIG may possibly alleviate these risk factors’ harmful impacts on increasing IGD. These mediation hypotheses were tested in this study for the first time. Objective This study tested the mediation effects of MCIG between intrapersonal factors (impulsivity and self-control) and IGD, and between interpersonal factors (parental influences and peer influences) and IGD among adolescents in China. Methods An anonymous, cross-sectional, and self-administered survey was conducted among secondary school students in classroom settings in Guangzhou and Chengdu, China. All grade 7 to 9 students (7 to 9 years of formal education) of 7 secondary schools were invited to join the study, and 3087 completed the survey. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) checklist was used to assess IGD. MCIG was assessed by using the Chinese version of the Revised Internet Gaming Cognition Scale. Impulsivity, self-control, and parental or peer influences were measured by using the motor subscale of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Brief Self-Control Scale, and the modified interpersonal influence scale, respectively. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the mediation effects of MCIG between these risk factors and IGD. Results The prevalence of IGD was 13.57% (418/3081) and 17.67% (366/2071) among all participants and adolescent internet gamers, respectively. The 3 types of MCIG (perceived rewards of internet gaming, perceived urges for playing internet games, and perceived unwillingness to stop playing without completion of gaming tasks) were positively associated with IGD. Impulsivity, self-control, parental influences, and peer influences were all significantly associated with the 3 types of MCIG and IGD. The 3 types of MCIG partially mediated the associations between the studied factors and IGD (effect size of 30.0% to 37.8%). Conclusions Impulsivity, self-control, and interpersonal influences had both direct and indirect effects via MCIG on IGD. Modifications of the 3 types of MCIG can potentially reduce the harmful impacts of impulsivity and interpersonal influences on IGD and enhance the protective effect of self-control against IGD. Future longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yu
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Phoenix Kit-Han Mo
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jibin Li
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph Tak-Fai Lau
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Animal models of developmental dyslexia: Where we are and what we are missing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1180-1197. [PMID: 34699847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder and the most common learning disability among both school-aged children and across languages. Recently, sensory and cognitive mechanisms have been reported to be potential endophenotypes (EPs) for DD, and nine DD-candidate genes have been identified. Animal models have been used to investigate the etiopathological pathways that underlie the development of complex traits, as they enable the effects of genetic and/or environmental manipulations to be evaluated. Animal research designs have also been linked to cutting-edge clinical research questions by capitalizing on the use of EPs. For the present scoping review, we reviewed previous studies of murine models investigating the effects of DD-candidate genes. Moreover, we highlighted the use of animal models as an innovative way to unravel new insights behind the pathophysiology of reading (dis)ability and to assess cutting-edge preclinical models.
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24
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The neural basis of decision-making during time-based inter-role conflict. Biol Psychol 2021; 165:108186. [PMID: 34487806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-based inter-role conflict is a type of conflict in which individuals are faced with simultaneous role pressures from different role domains. Some researchers have applied a decision-making perspective to investigate inter-role conflict; however, the neural basis of inter-role decision-making has rarely been discussed. In the current study, a collection of inter-role conflict scenarios with high/low levels of conflict were selected, and sixty college students were recruited to make choices between the conflicting student and family/friend demands in each scenario while their brain activities were recorded using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Blood oxygen level-dependent conjunction analysis found that making decisions in inter-role conflict activated brain areas, including the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), bilateral temporoparietal conjunction (TPJ), bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and bilateral anterior temporal lobe. Direct comparisons between high versus low conflict situations showed increased activation of the left dorsal anterior cingulate. A generalized psychophysiological interaction analysis further showed enhanced connectivity among the mPFC, PCC, and bilateral TPJ in high conflict versus low conflict situations. Our study improved understanding of the relationship between brain and inter-role decision-making and provided an empirical examination on the psychological process propositions.
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25
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Lu F, Wang M, Xu S, Chen H, Yuan Z, Luo L, Wang X, Zhang J, Dai J, Wang X, Chen H, Zhou J. Decreased interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity in male adolescents with conduct disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1201-1210. [PMID: 32623563 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conduct disorder (CD) is a common psychiatric disorder defined by a repetitive and persistent pattern of aggressive and antisocial behaviors. Although numerous task-based and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) studies have emphasized the disrupted functional connectivity in CD, the CD-related alterations in functional interactions between the bilateral cerebral hemispheres are rarely investigated directly. In this study, a voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) method based on rsfMRI was employed for the first time to examine the abnormalities of interhemispheric functional connectivity in patients with CD. The VMHC was compared between eighteen pure CD patients and eighteen typically developing (TD) healthy controls. In CD patients, reduced homotopic connectivity was observed relative to TDs in the middle occipital gyrus (MOG), pre- and postcentral gyrus, rolandic operculum and paracentral lobe (PCL) which were the components of visual and motor networks. Furthermore, the VMHC of the MOG and PCL was found to be negatively correlated with clinical scores in the CD group. Moreover, the regions with altered VMHC exhibited a relative good and robust ability to discriminate CD patients from TDs. This study provided a novel angle to identify the important role of interhemispheric coordination in the pathophysiology underlying CD and further indicated that the aberrant homotopic connectivity could be a potential clinical neural marker for CD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Lu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Shiyang Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Heng Chen
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lizhu Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jing Dai
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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26
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Xu S, Li Y, Liu J. The Neural Correlates of Computational Thinking: Collaboration of Distinct Cognitive Components Revealed by fMRI. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:5579-5597. [PMID: 34255837 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent technical advance attracts great attention to the promotion of programming skills, in particular, and computational thinking (CT), in general, as a new intellectual competency. However, the understanding of its cognitive substrates is limited. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural correlates of programming to understand the cognitive substrates of CT. Specifically, magnetic resonance imaging signals were collected while the participants were mentally solving programming problems, and we found that CT recruited distributed cortical regions, including the posterior parietal cortex, the medial frontal cortex, and the left lateral frontal cortex. These regions showed extensive univariate and multivariate resemblance with arithmetic, reasoning, and spatial cognition tasks. Based on the resemblance, clustering analyses revealed that cortical regions involved in CT can be divided into Reasoning, Calculation, Visuospatial, and Shared components. Further, connectivity increased during programming within the CT network constructed by these four components and decreased between the CT network and other cortical regions. In sum, our study revealed the cognitive components underlying CT and their neural correlates and further suggests that CT is not a simple sum of parallel cognitive processes, but a composite cognitive process integrating a set of intellectual abilities, particularly those in the science, technology, engineering, and math domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
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27
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Memories are not written in stone: Re-writing fear memories by means of non-invasive brain stimulation and optogenetic manipulations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:334-352. [PMID: 33964307 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of fear associative memory requires brain processes of coordinated neural activity within the amygdala, prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, thalamus and brainstem. After fear consolidation, a suppression of fear memory in the absence of danger is crucial to permit adaptive coping behavior. Acquisition and maintenance of fear extinction critically depend on amygdala-PFC projections. The robust correspondence between the brain networks encompassed cortical and subcortical hubs involved into fear processing in humans and in other species underscores the potential utility of comparing the modulation of brain circuitry in humans and animals, as a crucial step to inform the comprehension of fear mechanisms and the development of treatments for fear-related disorders. The present review is aimed at providing a comprehensive description of the literature on recent clinical and experimental researches regarding the noninvasive brain stimulation and optogenetics. These innovative manipulations applied over specific hubs of fear matrix during fear acquisition, consolidation, reconsolidation and extinction allow an accurate characterization of specific brain circuits and their peculiar interaction within the specific fear processing.
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28
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Liu J, Chen Y, Stephens R, Cornea E, Goldman B, Gilmore JH, Gao W. Hippocampal functional connectivity development during the first two years indexes 4-year working memory performance. Cortex 2021; 138:165-177. [PMID: 33691225 PMCID: PMC8058274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a key limbic region involved in higher-order cognitive processes including learning and memory. Although both typical and atypical functional connectivity patterns of the hippocampus have been well-studied in adults, the developmental trajectory of hippocampal connectivity during infancy and how it relates to later working memory performance remains to be elucidated. Here we used resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) during natural sleep to examine the longitudinal development of hippocampal functional connectivity using a large cohort (N = 202) of infants at 3 weeks (neonate), 1 year, and 2 years of age. Next, we used multivariate modeling to investigate the relationship between both cross-sectional and longitudinal growth in hippocampal connectivity and 4-year working memory outcome. Results showed robust local functional connectivity of the hippocampus in neonates with nearby limbic and subcortical regions, with dramatic maturation and increasing connectivity with key default mode network (DMN) regions resulting in adult-like topology of the hippocampal functional connectivity by the end of the first year. This pattern was stabilized and further consolidated by 2 years of age. Importantly, cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of hippocampal connectivity in the first year predicted subsequent behavioral measures of working memory at 4 years of age. Taken together, our findings provide insight into the development of hippocampal functional circuits underlying working memory during this early critical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Liu
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Rebecca Stephens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Emil Cornea
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Barbara Goldman
- FPG Child Development Institute and Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Wei Gao
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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29
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Winter M, Tallantyre EC, Brice TAW, Robertson NP, Jones DK, Chamberland M. Tract-specific MRI measures explain learning and recall differences in multiple sclerosis. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab065. [PMID: 33959710 PMCID: PMC8088789 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive difficulties are common and a key concern for people with multiple sclerosis. Advancing knowledge of the role of white matter pathology in multiple sclerosis-related cognitive impairment is essential as both occur early in the disease with implications for early intervention. Consequently, this cross-sectional study asked whether quantifying the relationships between lesions and specific white matter structures could better explain co-existing cognitive differences than whole brain imaging measures. Forty participants with relapse-onset multiple sclerosis underwent cognitive testing and MRI at 3 Tesla. They were classified as cognitively impaired (n = 24) or unimpaired (n = 16) and differed across verbal fluency, learning and recall tasks corrected for intelligence and education (corrected P-values = 0.007-0.04). The relationships between lesions and white matter were characterized across six measures: conventional voxel-based T2 lesion load, whole brain tractogram load (lesioned volume/whole tractogram volume), whole bundle volume, bundle load (lesioned volume/whole bundle volume), Tractometry (diffusion-tensor and high angular resolution diffusion measures sampled from all bundle streamlines) and lesionometry (diffusion measures sampled from streamlines traversing lesions only). The tract-specific measures were extracted from corpus callosum segments (genu and isthmus), striato-prefrontal and -parietal pathways, and the superior longitudinal fasciculi (sections I, II and III). White matter measure-task associations demonstrating at least moderate evidence against the null hypothesis (Bayes Factor threshold < 0.2) were examined using independent t-tests and covariate analyses (significance level P < 0.05). Tract-specific measures were significant predictors (all P-values < 0.05) of task-specific clinical scores and diminished the significant effect of group as a categorical predictor in Story Recall (isthmus bundle load), Figure Recall (right striato-parietal lesionometry) and Design Learning (left superior longitudinal fasciculus III volume). Lesion load explained the difference in List Learning, whereas Letter Fluency was not associated with any of the imaging measures. Overall, tract-specific measures outperformed the global lesion and tractogram load measures. Variation in regional lesion burden translated to group differences in tract-specific measures, which in turn, attenuated differences in individual cognitive tasks. The structural differences converged in temporo-parietal regions with particular influence on tasks requiring visuospatial-constructional processing. We highlight that measures quantifying the relationships between tract-specific structure and multiple sclerosis lesions uncovered associations with cognition masked by overall tract volumes and global lesion and tractogram loads. These tract-specific white matter quantifications show promise for elucidating the relationships between neuropathology and cognition in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Winter
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Emma C Tallantyre
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Helen Durham Centre for Neuroinflammation, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Thomas A W Brice
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Neil P Robertson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Helen Durham Centre for Neuroinflammation, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Derek K Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Maxime Chamberland
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
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30
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Urban K, Schudlo L, Keightley M, Alain S, Reed N, Chau T. Altered Brain Activation in Youth following Concussion: Using a Dual-task Paradigm. Dev Neurorehabil 2021; 24:187-198. [PMID: 33012188 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2020.1825539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A concussion is known as a functional injury affecting brain communication, integration, and processing. There is a need to objectively measure how concussions disrupt brain activation while completing ecologically relevant tasks.The objective of this study was to compare brain activation patterns between concussion and comparison groups (non-concussed youth) during a cognitive-motor single and dual-task paradigm utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in regions of the frontal-parietal attention network and compared to task performance.Youth with concussion generally exhibited hyperactivation and recruitment of additional brain regions in the dorsal lateral prefrontal (DLPFC), superior (SPC) and inferior parietal cortices (IPC), which are associated with processing, information integration, and response selection. Additionally, hyper- or hypo-activation patterns were associated with slower processing speed on the cognitive task. Our findings corroborate the growing literature suggesting that neural recovery may be delayed compared to the restoration of behavioral performance post-concussion.Concussion, near-infrared spectroscopy, dual-task paradigm, cognitive, motor, brain activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Urban
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Larissa Schudlo
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Sam Alain
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nick Reed
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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31
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Li T, Liao Z, Mao Y, Hu J, Le D, Pei Y, Sun W, Lin J, Qiu Y, Zhu J, Chen Y, Qi C, Ye X, Su H, Yu E. Temporal dynamic changes of intrinsic brain activity in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment patients: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:63. [PMID: 33553356 PMCID: PMC7859807 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory impairment. Previous studies have largely focused on alterations of static brain activity occurring in patients with AD. Few studies to date have explored the characteristics of dynamic brain activity in cognitive impairment, and their predictive ability in AD patients. METHODS One hundred and eleven AD patients, 29 MCI patients, and 73 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. The dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) and the dynamic fraction amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dfALFF) were used to assess the temporal variability of local brain activity in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between the metrics and subjects' behavioral scores. RESULTS The results of analysis of variance indicated that the AD, MCI, and HC groups showed significant variability of dALFF in the cerebellar posterior and middle temporal lobes. In AD patients, these brain regions had high dALFF variability. Significant dfALFF variability was found between the three groups in the left calcarine cortex and white matter. The AD group showed lower dfALFF than the MCI group in the left calcarine cortex. CONCLUSIONS Compared to HC, AD patients were found to have increased dALFF variability in the cerebellar posterior and temporal lobes. This abnormal pattern may diminish the capacity of the cerebellum and temporal lobes to participate in the cerebrocerebellar circuits and default mode network (DMN), which regulate cognition and emotion in AD. The findings above indicate that the analysis of dALFF and dfALFF based on functional magnetic resonance imaging data may give a new insight into the neurophysiological mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengluan Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Mao
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Hu
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dansheng Le
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangliu Pei
- Graduate faculty, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wangdi Sun
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jixin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shengsi County People’s Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yaju Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junpeng Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangming Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enyan Yu
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Why is Internet gaming disorder more prevalent among Chinese male than female adolescents? The role of cognitive mediators. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106637. [PMID: 32919322 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent males were consistently reported to have a higher prevalence of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) than females. The mechanisms underlying the sex difference were potentially important for designing sex-specific interventions but were under-researched. Maladaptive cognitions were potential mediators between sex and adolescent IGD, as they were positively associated with both sex and adolescent IGD. METHODS A total of 3,075 students participated in a cross-sectional survey that was conducted in Guangzhou and Chengdu, China. IGD was measured by using the DSM-5 checklist and maladaptive cognitions were measured by the validated Chinese version of Revised Internet Gaming Cognition Scale (C-RIGCS). Structural equation modeling was used to test the mediation hypotheses. RESULTS Adolescent males showed a significantly higher prevalence of IGD than females (19.2% versus 7.8%, p < .05). Significant positive associations were found between sex and both maladaptive cognitions and IGD. The sex difference in IGD prevalence was partially mediated by the overall scale of C-RIGCS and its three subscales (i.e., perceived overvaluation of rewards of Internet gaming, perceived urges for playing Internet games, and perceived unwillingness to stop playing without completion of gaming tasks), with large mediation effect sizes ranging from 35.0% to 60.0% (Sobel test, p < ,01). CONCLUSIONS The higher levels of maladaptive cognitions among adolescent males explained a relatively large part of the substantially higher prevalence of IGD among adolescent males than females. Interventions targeting adolescent males may consider modifying such cognitions to reduce their IGD.
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33
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Leeman-Markowski BA, Adams J, Martin SP, Devinsky O, Meador KJ. Methylphenidate for attention problems in epilepsy patients: Safety and efficacy. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 115:107627. [PMID: 33360744 PMCID: PMC7884102 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have an increased risk of seizures, and children with epilepsy have an increased prevalence of ADHD. Adults with epilepsy often have varying degrees of attentional dysfunction due to multiple factors, including anti-seizure medications, frequent seizures, interictal discharges, underlying lesions, and psychiatric comorbidities. Currently, there are no approved medications for the treatment of epilepsy-related attentional dysfunction. Methylphenidate (MPH) is a stimulant, FDA-approved for the treatment of ADHD, and often used for ADHD in the setting of pediatric epilepsy. Large database and registry studies indicate safety of MPH in children with ADHD and epilepsy, with no significant effect on seizure frequency. Small single-dose and open-label studies suggest efficacy of MPH in adults with epilepsy-related attention deficits. Methylphenidate represents a possible treatment for attentional dysfunction due to epilepsy, but large, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A. Leeman-Markowski
- Research Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, 423 E. 23rd St., New York, NY, US 10010,Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, 223 E. 34th St., New York, NY, US 10016,Corresponding author, Beth A. Leeman-Markowski,
| | - Jesse Adams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5723, United States.
| | - Samantha P. Martin
- Research Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, 423 E. 23rd St., New York, NY, US 10010,Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, 223 E. 34th St., New York, NY, US 10016
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, 223 E. 34th St., New York, NY 10016, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Health, 660 1st Ave. #5, New York, NY 10016, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, 550 1st Ave., New York, NY 10016, United States.
| | - Kimford J. Meador
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 213 Quarry Road, MC 5979 (room 2856), Palo Alto, CA, US 94304-5979
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Piras IS, Krate J, Delvaux E, Nolz J, Mastroeni DF, Persico AM, Jepsen WM, Beach TG, Huentelman MJ, Coleman PD. Transcriptome Changes in the Alzheimer's Disease Middle Temporal Gyrus: Importance of RNA Metabolism and Mitochondria-Associated Membrane Genes. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 70:691-713. [PMID: 31256118 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We used Illumina Human HT-12 v4 arrays to compare RNA expression of middle temporal gyrus (MTG; BA21) in Alzheimer's disease (AD = 97) and non-demented controls (ND = 98). A total of 938 transcripts were highly differentially expressed (adj p < 0.01; log2 FC ≥ |0.500|, with 411 overexpressed and 527 underexpressed in AD. Our results correlated with expression profiling in neurons from AD and ND obtained by laser capture microscopy in MTG from an independent dataset (log2 FC correlation: r = 0.504; p = 2.2e-16). Additionally, selected effects were validated by qPCR. ANOVA analysis yielded no difference between genders in response to AD, but some gender specific genes were detected (e.g., IL8 and AGRN in males, and HSPH1 and GRM1 in females). Several transcripts were associated with Braak staging (e.g., AEBP1 and DNALI1), antemortem MMSE (e.g., AEBP1 and GFAP), and tangle density (e.g., RNU1G2, and DNALI1). At the pathway level, we detected enrichment of synaptic vesicle processes and GABAergic transmission genes. Finally, applying the Weighted Correlation Network Analysis, we identified four expression modules enriched for neuronal and synaptic genes, mitochondria-associated membrane, chemical stimulus and olfactory receptor and non-coding RNA metabolism genes. Our results represent an extensive description of MTG mRNA profiling in a large sample of AD and ND. These data provide a list of genes associated with AD, and correlated to neurofibrillary tangles density. In addition, these data emphasize the importance of mitochondrial membranes and transcripts related to olfactory receptors in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio S Piras
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jonida Krate
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elaine Delvaux
- Biodesign Institute, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer Nolz
- Biodesign Institute, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Diego F Mastroeni
- Biodesign Institute, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Antonio M Persico
- Unit of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, "Gaetano Martino" University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy
| | - Wayne M Jepsen
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory of Neuropathology at Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, US
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paul D Coleman
- Biodesign Institute, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Oxygen: The Rate-Limiting Factor for Episodic Memory Performance, Even in Healthy Young Individuals. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091328. [PMID: 32957482 PMCID: PMC7563755 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognition is a crucial element of human functionality. Like any other physical capability, cognition is both enabled and limited by tissue biology. The aim of this study was to investigate whether oxygen is a rate-limiting factor for any of the main cognitive domains in healthy young individuals. Fifty-six subjects were randomly assigned to either increased oxygen supply using hyperbaric oxygen (two atmospheres of 100% oxygen) or to a “sham” treatment (a simulation of increased pressure in a chamber with normal air). While in the chamber, participants went through a battery of tests evaluating the major cognitive domains including information processing speed, episodic memory, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and attention. The results demonstrated that from all evaluated cognitive domains, a statistically significant improvement was found in the episodic memory of the hyper-oxygenized group. The hyper-oxygenized group demonstrated a better learning curve and a higher resilience to interference. To conclude, oxygen delivery is a rate-limiting factor for memory function even in healthy young individuals under normal conditions. Understanding the biological limitations of our cognitive functions is important for future development of interventional tools that can be used in daily clinical practice.
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Borgomaneri S, Battaglia S, Garofalo S, Tortora F, Avenanti A, di Pellegrino G. State-Dependent TMS over Prefrontal Cortex Disrupts Fear-Memory Reconsolidation and Prevents the Return of Fear. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3672-3679.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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Jütten K, Mainz V, Delev D, Gauggel S, Binkofski F, Wiesmann M, Clusmann H, Na CH. Asymmetric tumor-related alterations of network-specific intrinsic functional connectivity in glioma patients. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:4549-4561. [PMID: 32716597 PMCID: PMC7555062 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) allows mapping temporally coherent brain networks, and intra- and inter-network alterations have been described in different diseases. This prospective study investigated hemispheric resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) differences in the default-mode network (DMN) and fronto-parietal network (FPN) between patients with left- and right-hemispheric gliomas (LH PAT, RH PAT), addressing asymmetry effects the tumor might have on network-specific intrinsic functional connectivity under consideration of the prognostically relevant isocitrate-dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status. Twenty-seven patients (16 LH PAT, 12 IDH-wildtype) and 27 healthy controls underwent anatomical and rs-fMRI as well as neuropsychological assessment. Independent component analyses were performed to identify the DMN and FPN. Hemispheric DMN- and FPN-RSFC were computed, compared across groups, and correlated with cognitive performance. Patient groups did not differ in tumor volume, grade or location. RH PAT showed higher contra-tumoral DMN-RSFC than controls and LH PAT. With regard to the FPN, contra-tumoral RSFC was increased in both patient groups as compared to controls. Higher contra-tumoral RSFC was associated with worse cognitive performance in patients, which, however, seemed to apply mainly to IDH-wildtype patients. The benefit of RSFC alterations for cognitive performance varied depending on the affected hemisphere, cognitive demand, and seemed to be altered by IDH-mutation status. At the time of study initiation, a clinical trial registration was not mandatory at our faculty, but it can be applied for if requested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Jütten
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Verena Mainz
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Delev
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Siegfried Gauggel
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Binkofski
- Division of Clinical Cognitive Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Wiesmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans Clusmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chuh-Hyoun Na
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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ALE meta-analysis, its role in node identification and the effects on estimates of local network organization. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1089-1102. [PMID: 32246244 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional connectivity analyses for task-based fMRI data are generally preceded by methods for identification of network nodes. As there is no general canonical approach to identifying network nodes, different identification techniques may exert different effects on inferences drawn regarding functional network properties. Here, we compared the impact of two different node identification techniques on estimates of local node importance (based on Degree Centrality, DC) in two working memory domains: verbal and visual. The two techniques compared were the commonly used Activation Likelihood Estimate (ALE) technique (with node locations based on data aggregation), against a hybrid technique, Experimentally Derived Estimation (EDE). In the latter, ALE was first used to isolate regions of interest; then participant-specific nodes were identified based on individual-participant local maxima. Time series were extracted at each node for each dataset and subsequently used in functional connectivity analysis to: (1) assess the impact of choice of technique on estimates of DC, and (2) assess the difference between the techniques in the ranking of nodes (based on DC) in the networks they produced. In both domains, we found a significant Technique by Node interaction, signifying that the two techniques yielded networks with different DC estimates. Moreover, for the majority of participants, node rankings were uncorrelated between the two techniques (85% for the verbal working memory task and 92% for the visual working memory task). The latter effect is direct evidence that the identification techniques produced different rankings at the level of individual participants. These results indicate that node choice in task-based fMRI data exerts downstream effects that will impact interpretation and reverse inference regarding brain function.
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Yu JW, Lim SH, Kim B, Kim E, Kim K, Kyu Park S, Seok Byun Y, Sakong J, Choi JW. Prefrontal functional connectivity analysis of cognitive decline for early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:1725-1741. [PMID: 32341843 PMCID: PMC7173911 DOI: 10.1364/boe.382197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline (CD) is a major symptom of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Patients with MCI have an increased likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although a cure for AD is currently lacking, medication therapies and/or daily training in the early stage can alleviate disease progression and improve patients' quality of life. Accordingly, investigating CD-related biomarkers via brain imaging devices is crucial for early diagnosis. In particular, "portable" brain imaging devices enable frequent diagnostic checks as a routine clinical tool, and therefore increase the possibility of early AD diagnosis. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate functional connectivity (FC) in the prefrontal cortex measured by a portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device during a working memory (WM) task known as the delayed matching to sample (DMTS) task. Differences in prefrontal FC between healthy control (HC) (n = 23) and CD groups (n = 23) were examined. Intra-group analysis (one-sample t-test) revealed significantly greater prefrontal FC, especially left- and inter-hemispheric FC, in the CD group than in the HC. These observations could be due to a compensatory mechanism of the prefrontal cortex caused by hippocampal degeneration. Inter-group analysis (unpaired two-sample t-test) revealed significant intergroup differences in left- and inter-hemispheric FC. These attributes may serve as a novel biomarker for early detection of MCI. In addition, our findings imply that portable fNIRS devices covering the prefrontal cortex may be useful for early diagnosis of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Yu
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Sung-Ho Lim
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- Brain Engineering Convergence Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Bomin Kim
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Eunho Kim
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Kim
- Brain Engineering Convergence Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Young Seok Byun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Joon Sakong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Choi
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
- Brain Engineering Convergence Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, South Korea
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Seubert J, Kalpouzos G, Larsson M, Hummel T, Bäckman L, Laukka EJ. Temporolimbic cortical volume is associated with semantic odor memory performance in aging. Neuroimage 2020; 211:116600. [PMID: 32018003 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory function, and specifically semantic olfactory memory (i.e., odor identification), has frequently been shown to predict cognitive functioning across multiple domains in old age. This observation suggests that olfactory function can serve as a marker for the integrity of temporolimbic cortical networks, but a clear delineation of this association is still missing. To address this issue, the present study employed voxel-based morphometry in a region of interest-based design to determine the extent to which gray matter volumes of core olfactory and memory areas are associated with olfactory memory performance in an aging population free from neurodegenerative disease. We further aimed to determine potential overlap in structural anatomical correlates, and differences in association strength, for semantic and episodic olfactory memory. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), episodic and semantic odor memory and episodic and semantic verbal memory data were collected in 422 participants from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), all aged ≥ 60 years. Controlling for age and education, semantic, but not episodic, olfactory memory was positively related to gray matter volume in a cluster extending from the anterior hippocampus and amygdala into the posterior piriform cortex. The observed associations remained even when verbal memory performance was controlled for, supporting a link between the olfactory memory domain and cortical volume over and above more generalized memory abilities. As such, our data provide evidence for distinct functional-structural associations for semantic odor memory, supporting the idea of temporolimbic integrity as a neurobiological substrate linking olfactory function to cognitive health in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Seubert
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Grégoria Kalpouzos
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Gösta Ekman's Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika J Laukka
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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41
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Prefrontal working memory activity predicts episodic memory performance: A neuroimaging study. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Multivoxel pattern analysis reveals dissociations between subjective fear and its physiological correlates. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2342-2354. [PMID: 31659269 PMCID: PMC7515839 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In studies of anxiety and other affective disorders, objectively measured physiological responses have commonly been used as a proxy for measuring subjective experiences associated with pathology. However, this commonly adopted "biosignal" approach has recently been called into question on the grounds that subjective experiences and objective physiological responses may dissociate. We performed machine-learning-based analyses on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to assess this issue in the case of fear. Although subjective fear and objective physiological responses were correlated in general, the respective whole-brain multivoxel decoders for the two measures were different. Some key brain regions such as the amygdala and insula appear to be primarily involved in the prediction of physiological reactivity, whereas some regions previously associated with metacognition and conscious perception, including some areas in the prefrontal cortex, appear to be primarily predictive of the subjective experience of fear. The present findings are in support of the recent call for caution in assuming a one-to-one mapping between subjective sufferings and their putative biosignals, despite the clear advantages in the latter's being objectively and continuously measurable in physiological terms.
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43
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Smith DT, Archibald N. Spatial working memory in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Cortex 2020; 122:115-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Johansson J, Salami A, Lundquist A, Wåhlin A, Andersson M, Nyberg L. Longitudinal evidence that reduced hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry predicts episodic-memory impairment in aging. Neuropsychologia 2019; 137:107329. [PMID: 31887310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The HERA (Hemispheric Encoding/Retrieval Asymmetry) model captures hemispheric lateralization of prefrontal cortex (PFC) brain activity during memory encoding and retrieval. Reduced HERA has been observed in cross-sectional aging studies, but there is no longitudinal evidence, to our knowledge, on age-related changes in HERA and whether maintained or reduced HERA relates to well-preserved memory functioning. In the present study we set out to explore HERA in a longitudinal neuroimaging sample from the Betula study [3 Waves over 10 years; Wave-1: n = 363, W2: n = 227, W3: n = 101]. We used fMRI data from a face-name paired-associates task to derive a HERA index. In support of the HERA model, the mean HERA index was positive across the three imaging waves. The longitudinal age-HERA relationship was highly significant (p < 10-11), with a HERA decline occurring after age 60. The age-related HERA decline was associated with episodic memory decline (p < 0.05). Taken together, the findings provide large-scale support for the HERA model, and suggest that reduced HERA in the PFC reflects pathological memory aging possibly related to impaired ability to bias mnemonic processing according to the appropriate encoding or retrieval state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S90187, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden.
| | - Alireza Salami
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden; Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, S11330, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Lundquist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Statistics, USBE, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S90187, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S90187, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S90187, Umeå, Sweden
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Berlingeri M, Devoto F, Gasparini F, Saibene A, Corchs SE, Clemente L, Danelli L, Gallucci M, Borgoni R, Borghese NA, Paulesu E. Clustering the Brain With "CluB": A New Toolbox for Quantitative Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging Data. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1037. [PMID: 31695593 PMCID: PMC6817507 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we describe and validate a new coordinate-based method for meta-analysis of neuroimaging data based on an optimized hierarchical clustering algorithm: CluB (Clustering the Brain). The CluB toolbox permits both to extract a set of spatially coherent clusters of activations from a database of stereotactic coordinates, and to explore each single cluster of activation for its composition according to the cognitive dimensions of interest. This last step, called “cluster composition analysis,” permits to explore neurocognitive effects by adopting a factorial-design logic and by testing the working hypotheses using either asymptotic tests, or exact tests either in a classic inference, or in a Bayesian-like context. To perform our validation study, we selected the fMRI data from 24 normal controls involved in a reading task. We run a standard random-effects second level group analysis to obtain a “Gold Standard” of reference. In a second step, the subject-specific reading effects (i.e., the linear t-contrast “reading > baseline”) were extracted to obtain a coordinates-based database that was used to run a meta-analysis using both CluB and the popular Activation Likelihood Estimation method implemented in the software GingerALE. The results of the two meta-analyses were compared against the “Gold Standard” to compute performance measures, i.e., sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The GingerALE method obtained a high level of accuracy (0.967) associated with a high sensitivity (0.728) and specificity (0.971). The CluB method obtained a similar level of accuracy (0.956) and specificity (0.969), notwithstanding a lower level of sensitivity (0.14) due to the lack of prior Gaussian transformation of the data. Finally, the two methods obtained a good-level of concordance (AC1 = 0.93). These results suggested that methods based on hierarchical clustering (and post-hoc statistics) and methods requiring prior Gaussian transformation of the data can be used as complementary tools, with the GingerALE method being optimal for neurofunctional mapping of pooled data according to simpler designs, and the CluB method being preferable to test more specific, and localized, neurocognitive hypotheses according to factorial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Berlingeri
- DISTUM, Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.,NeuroMI, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.,Center of Developmental Neuropsychology, ASUR Marche, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Francantonio Devoto
- Psychology Department and PhD Program in Neuroscience of the School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,fMRI Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Gasparini
- NeuroMI, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.,Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Saibene
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia E Corchs
- NeuroMI, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.,Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Clemente
- Department of Economics, Management and Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Danelli
- Psychology Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Borgoni
- Department of Economics, Management and Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Eraldo Paulesu
- NeuroMI, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.,fMRI Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Psychology Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Effects of High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Theta Burst Stimulation for Modulating the Posterior Parietal Cortex. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2019; 25:972-984. [PMID: 31397255 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617719000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Noninvasive brain stimulation methods, including high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) and theta burst stimulation (TBS) have emerged as novel tools to modulate and explore brain function. However, the relative efficacy of these newer stimulation approaches for modulating cognitive functioning remains unclear. This study investigated the cognitive effects of HD-tDCS, intermittent TBS (iTBS) and prolonged continuous TBS (ProcTBS) and explored the potential of these approaches for modulating hypothesized functions of the left posterior parietal cortex (PPC). METHODS Twenty-two healthy volunteers attended four experimental sessions in a cross-over experimental design. In each session, participants either received HD-tDCS, iTBS, ProcTBS or sham, and completed cognitive tasks, including a divided attention task, a working memory maintenance task and an attention task (emotional Stroop test). RESULTS The results showed that compared to sham, HD-tDCS, iTBS and ProcTBS caused significantly faster response times on the emotional Stroop task. The effect size (Cohen's d) was d = .32 for iTBS (p < .001), .21 for ProcTBS (p = .01) and .15 for HD-tDCS (p = .044). However, for the performance on the divided attention and working memory maintenance tasks, no significant effect of stimulation was found. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques, including TBS, may have greater efficacy for modulating cognition compared with HD-tDCS, and extend existing knowledge about specific functions of the left PPC.
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Roberts TPL, Matsuzaki J, Blaskey L, Bloy L, Edgar JC, Kim M, Ku M, Kuschner ES, Embick D. Delayed M50/M100 evoked response component latency in minimally verbal/nonverbal children who have autism spectrum disorder. Mol Autism 2019; 10:34. [PMID: 31428297 PMCID: PMC6694560 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-019-0283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal auditory neuromagnetic M50 and M100 responses, reflecting primary/secondary auditory cortex processing, have been reported in children who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Some studies have reported an association between delays in these responses and language impairment. However, as most prior research has focused on verbal individuals with ASD without cognitive impairment, rather little is known about neural activity during auditory processing in minimally verbal or nonverbal children who have ASD (ASD-MVNV)-children with little or no speech and often significant cognitive impairment. To understand the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying auditory processing in ASD-MVNV children, magnetoencephalography (MEG) measured M50 and M100 responses arising from left and right superior temporal gyri during tone stimuli in three cohorts: (1) MVNV children who have ASD (ASD-MVNV), (2) verbal children who have ASD and no intellectual disability (ASD-V), and (3) typically developing (TD) children. One hundred and five participants (8-12 years) were included in the final analyses (ASD-MVNV: n = 16, 9.85 ± 1.32 years; ASD-V: n = 55, 10.64 ± 1.31 years; TD: n = 34, 10.18 ± 1.36 years). ASD-MVNV children showed significantly delayed M50 and M100 latencies compared to TD. These delays tended to be greater than the corresponding delays in verbal children with ASD. Across cohorts, delayed latencies were associated with language and communication skills, assessed by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale Communication Domain. Findings suggest that auditory cortex neural activity measures could be dimensional objective indices of language impairment in ASD for either diagnostic (e.g., via threshold or cutoff) or prognostic (considering the continuous variable) use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P L Roberts
- 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,2Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Mina Kim
- 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,2Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Matthew Ku
- 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- 1Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,2Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - David Embick
- 3Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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Karcher NR, O'Brien KJ, Kandala S, Barch DM. Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Psychotic-like Experiences in Childhood: Results From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:7-15. [PMID: 30850130 PMCID: PMC6588441 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) during childhood are associated with greater risk of developing a psychotic disorder (and other mental disorders), highlighting the importance of identifying neural correlates of childhood PLEs. Three major cortical networks-the cingulo-opercular network (CON), default mode network (DMN), and frontoparietal network-are consistently implicated in psychosis and PLEs in adults. However, it is unclear whether variation in functional connectivity is associated with PLEs in school-aged children. METHODS Using hierarchical linear models, we examined the relationships between childhood PLEs and resting-state functional connectivity of the CON, DMN, and frontoparietal network, as well as the other networks, using an a priori network parcellation, using data from 9- to 11-year-olds (n = 3434) in the ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) study. We examined within-network, between-network, and subcortical connectivity. RESULTS Decreased CON and DMN connectivity, as well as cinguloparietal (CPAR) network connectivity, were associated with greater PLEs, even after accounting for family history of psychotic disorders, internalizing symptoms, and cognitive performance. Decreased DMN connectivity was more strongly associated with increased delusional ideation, whereas decreased CON connectivity was more strongly associated with increased perceptual distortions. Increased CON-cerebellar and decreased CPAR-cerebellar connectivity were also associated with increased PLEs, and CPAR-cerebellar connectivity was more strongly associated with increased perceptual distortions. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with hypotheses about the dimensionality of psychosis, our results provide novel evidence that neural correlates of PLEs, such as reduced functional connectivity of higher-order cognitive networks, are present even in school-aged children. The results provide further validation for continuity of PLEs across the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Kathleen J O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effects on Memory Consolidation: Timing Matters. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0481-18.2019. [PMID: 31126912 PMCID: PMC6584070 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0481-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising tool for modulation of learning and memory, allowing to transiently change cortical excitability of specific brain regions with physiological and behavioral outcomes. A detailed exploration of factors that can moderate tDCS effects on episodic long-term memory (LTM) is of high interest due to the clinical potential for patients with traumatic or pathological memory deficits and with cognitive impairments. This commentary discusses findings by Marián et al. (2018) recently published in Cortex within a broad context of brain stimulation in memory research.
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Piras IS, Krate J, Delvaux E, Nolz J, De Both MD, Mastroeni DF, Serrano GE, Sue LI, Beach TG, Coleman PD, Huentelman MJ. Association of AEBP1 and NRN1 RNA expression with Alzheimer's disease and neurofibrillary tangle density in middle temporal gyrus. Brain Res 2019; 1719:217-224. [PMID: 31176712 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We explored RNA expression changes in the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) of Alzheimer's Disease patients (AD) by RNA sequencing the whole transcriptome of 8 AD and 8 Non-Demented (ND) controls. We used three additional expression datasets from related brain regions to validate the findings. The results highlighted the upregulation of AEBP1 and downregulation of NRN1 in AD, as well as their association with Braak staging and neurofibrillary tangles density. Furthermore, more than 400 protein-coding RNAs enriched for "Clathrin-mediated endocytosis" were validated in independent datasets from the same brain region. Finally, using in silico prediction analysis we found a signature of 52 non-protein coding RNAs that perturb key pathways involved in GABAergic transmission and peptide chain elongation. The association of AEBP1 in our data confirmed other published work examining gene expression in the hippocampus of AD patients. NRN1 is involved in neurite outgrowth, and in previous studies it has been shown to reverse synaptic defects and cognitive function impairment in Tg2576 mice. Finally, our results on non-protein coding RNAs suggest a role of these transcripts in altering synaptic and amyloid-β associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio S Piras
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Jonida Krate
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Elaine Delvaux
- Biodesign Institute, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, ASU, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Jennifer Nolz
- Biodesign Institute, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, ASU, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Matthew D De Both
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Diego F Mastroeni
- Biodesign Institute, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, ASU, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Civin Laboratory of Neuropathology at Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA.
| | - Lucia I Sue
- Civin Laboratory of Neuropathology at Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA.
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory of Neuropathology at Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA.
| | - Paul D Coleman
- Biodesign Institute, Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, ASU, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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