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Ma L, Keen LD, Steinberg JL, Eddie D, Tan A, Keyser-Marcus L, Abbate A, Moeller FG. Relationship between Central Autonomic Effective Connectivity and Heart Rate Variability: A Resting-state fMRI Dynamic Causal Modeling Study. Neuroimage 2024; 300:120869. [PMID: 39332747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The central autonomic network (CAN) serves as a regulatory hub with top-down regulatory control and integration of bottom-up physiological feedback via the autonomic nervous system. Heart rate variability (HRV)-the time variance of the heart's beat-to-beat intervals-is an index of the CAN's affective and behavioral regulatory capacity. Although neural functional connectivities that are associated with HRV and CAN have been well studied, no published report to date has studied effective (directional) connectivities (EC) that are associated with HRV and CAN. Better understanding of neural EC in the brain has the potential to improve our understanding of how the CAN sub-regions regulate HRV. To begin to address this knowledge gap, we employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) with parametric empirical Bayes analyses in 34 healthy adults (19 females; mean age= 32.68 years [SD= 14.09], age range 18-68 years) to examine the bottom-up and top-down neural circuits associated with HRV. Throughout the whole brain, we identified 12 regions associated with HRV. DCM analyses revealed that the ECs from the right amygdala to the anterior cingulate cortex and to the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex had a negative linear relationship with HRV and a positive linear relationship with heart rate. These findings suggest that ECs from the amygdala to the prefrontal cortex may represent a neural circuit associated with regulation of cardiodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangsuo Ma
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States.
| | - Larry D Keen
- Department of Psychology, Virginia State University, Virginia, United States
| | - Joel L Steinberg
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States
| | - David Eddie
- Recovery Research Institute, Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Alex Tan
- Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Lori Keyser-Marcus
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - F Gerard Moeller
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States
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Rasal KD, Kumar PV, Risha S, Asgolkar P, Harshavarthini M, Acharya A, Shinde S, Dhere S, Rasal A, Sonwane A, Brahmane M, Sundaray JK, Nagpure N. Genetic improvement and genomic resources of important cyprinid species: status and future perspectives for sustainable production. Front Genet 2024; 15:1398084. [PMID: 39364006 PMCID: PMC11446788 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1398084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyprinid species are the most cultured aquatic species around the world in terms of quantity and total value. They account for 25% of global aquaculture production and significantly contribute to fulfilling the demand for fish food. The aquaculture of these species is facing severe concerns in terms of seed quality, rising feed costs, disease outbreaks, introgression of exotic species, environmental impacts, and anthropogenic activities. Numerous researchers have explored biological issues and potential methods to enhance cyprinid aquaculture. Selective breeding is extensively employed in cyprinid species to enhance specific traits like growth and disease resistance. In this context, we have discussed the efforts made to improve important cyprinid aquaculture practices through genetic and genomic approaches. The recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies and genomic tools have revolutionized the understanding of biological research. The generation of a complete genome and other genomic resources in cyprinid species has significantly strengthened molecular-level investigations into disease resistance, growth, reproduction, and adaptation to changing environments. We conducted a comprehensive review of genomic research in important cyprinid species, encompassing genome, transcriptome, proteome, metagenome, epigenome, etc. This review reveals that considerable data has been generated for cyprinid species. However, the seamless integration of this valuable data into genetic selection programs has yet to be achieved. In the upcoming years, genomic techniques, gene transfer, genome editing tools are expected to bring a paradigm shift in sustainable cyprinid aquaculture production. The comprehensive information presented here will offer insights for the cyprinid aquaculture research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran D Rasal
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Shasti Risha
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prachi Asgolkar
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Harshavarthini
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arpit Acharya
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siba Shinde
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siyag Dhere
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash Rasal
- ICAR - Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Arvind Sonwane
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manoj Brahmane
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jitendra K Sundaray
- ICAR - Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Naresh Nagpure
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Saeda S, Sumi Y, Fujiwara K, Kadotani H. Blunted tachycardia and cardiac sympathetic denervation in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:317. [PMID: 39232705 PMCID: PMC11373284 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03822-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) serves as a prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Blunted tachycardia (BT) during postural changes indicates neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, a marker of autonomic dysfunction. We aimed to investigate whether BT is associated with cardiac sympathetic neurogenic denervation. Additionally, we conducted a preliminary short-term follow-up to examine the potential prognostic significance of BT regarding phenoconversion and mortality. METHODS Forty-three patients with iRBD at Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital underwent active standing tests to identify BT, defined by a specific ratio of decrease in systolic blood pressure to inadequate increase in heart rate after standing, and orthostatic hypotension. 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy (123I-MIBG) and dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT) were performed. Participants were followed up for 3.4 ± 2.4 years for phenoconversion and 4.0 ± 2.3 years for mortality assessment, and the risk of events was analyzed using log-rank tests. RESULTS Among the 43 participants (mean age, 72.3 ± 7.9 years; 8 female), 17 met the BT criteria. We found no significant comorbidity-related differences in hypertension or diabetes between the BT(+) and BT(-) groups. Orthostatic hypotension was more prevalent in the BT(+) group than in the BT(-) group (47.1% vs 7.7%, p = 0.003). BT(+) patients were older with a lower early and delayed MIBG uptake; however, no significant differences were observed in DAT accumulation. Phenoconversion was observed in seven (41.2%) BT(+) and seven (26.9%) BT(-) patients. Three deaths were recorded in the BT(+) group (17.6%) and three in the BT(-) group (11.5%). No significant differences were observed in the risk of phenoconversion or mortality between the groups. CONCLUSIONS We have identified the possibility that BT reflects cardiac sympathetic neurogenic denervation in patients with iRBD. Future research is needed to elucidate the potential prognostic value of BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Saeda
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yukiyoshi Sumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-Cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Koichi Fujiwara
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kadotani
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-Cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
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Hoffmann SW, Schierbauer J, Zimmermann P, Voit T, Grothoff A, Wachsmuth N, Rössler A, Lackner HK, Moser O. Effects of light-intensity physical activity on cardiometabolic parameters in young adults with overweight and obesity: The SED-ACT randomized controlled crossover trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3849-3859. [PMID: 38923193 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate how a change in body position with light-intensity physical activity (PA) 'snacks' (LIPAS, alternate sitting and standing, walking or standing continuously) compared with uninterrupted prolonged sitting affects glucose metabolism and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in young adults with overweight and obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a four-arm randomized controlled crossover trial. The following conditions were tested during an 8-h simulated workday: uninterrupted prolonged sitting (SIT), alternate sitting and standing (SIT-STAND; 2.5 h total), continuous standing (STAND), and continuous walking (1.0 mph; WALK). The primary outcome was to investigate how a change in body position (alternate sitting and standing, walking or standing continuously) compared with uninterrupted sitting affects mean 8-h glucose metabolism. Secondary outcomes included the effects on 2-h postprandial glucose concentrations, as well as on 8-h/24-h heart rate and HRV parameters, in the respective study arms. Capillary blood samples were drawn from an hyperemised earlobe in the fasted state and once every hour during each trial intervention by puncturing the earlobe with a lancet and collecting 20 μL of blood (Biosen S-Line Lab+; EKF diagnostics, Barleben, Germany). HRV was assessed for 24 h including the 8-h intervention phase, and a home phase by means of a Holter electrocardiogram. All participants received the same standardized non-relativised breakfast and lunch during the four trial visits. RESULTS Seventeen individuals (eight women, mean age 23.4 ± 3.3 years, body mass index 29.7 ± 3.8 kg/m2, glycated haemoglobin level 34.8 ± 3.1 mmol/mol [5.4 ± 0.3%], body fat 31.8 ± 8.2%) completed all four trial arms. Compared with SIT (89.4 ± 6.8 mg/dL), 8-h mean glucose was lower in all other conditions (p < 0.05) and this was statistically significant compared with WALK (86.3 ± 5.2 mg/dL; p = 0.034). Two-hour postprandial glucose after breakfast was approximately 7% lower for WALK compared with SIT (p = 0.002). Furthermore, significant time × condition effects on HRV parameters favouring light-intensity walking were observed (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Replacement and interruption of prolonged sitting with light-intensity walking showed a significant blood glucose-lowering effect and improved HRV during an 8-h work environment in young adults with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha W Hoffmann
- Division of Theory and Practice of Sports and Fields of Physical Activity, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Janis Schierbauer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Paul Zimmermann
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Voit
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Auguste Grothoff
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nadine Wachsmuth
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Rössler
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut K Lackner
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Othmar Moser
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo-Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Sanchis C, Plaza M, Checa I, Monleón C. Combined effects of a Mediterranean diet and respiratory muscle training on higher education woodwind musicians: A randomized controlled trial. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35495. [PMID: 39170324 PMCID: PMC11336701 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A two-factor within subjects and randomized controlled was conducted with three groups (two experimental and one control) to explore the effects of the Mediterranean diet and respiratory muscle training on ventilatory fatigue, stress, and emotional performance of woodwind musicians. 70 students from the Valencia Conservatory of Music were recruited and randomized into three groups: respiratory training group + nutrition program (RTG; n = 17), control group (CG; n = 35) and nutrition program group (NPG; n = 18). The nutritional program was based on Mediterranean a diet. Body composition, emotional intelligence, physiological stress and ventilatory response were assessed for all groups before and after intervention. Mixed ANOVA showed main effects of diet and training interventions on emotional attention (F = 8.042; p = 0.006), clarity (F = 9.306; p = 0.003), repair (F = 5.527; p = 0.022), Forced-Expiratory-Volume (F = 30.196; p < 0.000) and Forced-Vital-Capacity (F = 21.052; p < 0.000), with both interventions improving emotional intelligence and ventilatory variables. Bonferroni post-hoc analysis revealed significant differences of RTG and CG for emotional attention (MD = 4.60; p = 0.023), comprehension (MD = 5.734; p = 0.005), repair (MD = 8.576; p < 0.000), FEV1 (MD = 0.862; p = 0.005), and FCV (MD = 1.608; p < 0.001); with similar results when comparing NTG and CG: emotional attention (MD = 4.156; p = 0.041), comprehension (MD = 4.473; p = 0.033), repair (MD = 6.511; p = 0.001), Forced-Expiratory-Volume (MD = 1.608; p < 0.001), and Forced-Vital-Capacity (MD = 1.183; p < 0.001). No significant effects of experimental groups were observed for physiological stress variables (p > 0.05). This results suggests that respiratory training enhances emotional intelligence and lessens respiratory fatigue in musicians, and a combination of a Mediterranean diet and respiratory muscle training further boosts emotional intelligence, albeit with limited impact on physiological stress. This study represents a novel investigation into the approach by dietary interventions and respiratory muscle training in wind musicians since there are no studies that analyze it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sanchis
- Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcos Plaza
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Checa
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Monleón
- Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Valencia, Spain
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Eder J, Pfeiffer L, Wichert SP, Keeser B, Simon MS, Popovic D, Glocker C, Brunoni AR, Schneider A, Gensichen J, Schmitt A, Musil R, Falkai P. Deconstructing depression by machine learning: the POKAL-PSY study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:1153-1165. [PMID: 38091084 PMCID: PMC11226486 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Unipolar depression is a prevalent and disabling condition, often left untreated. In the outpatient setting, general practitioners fail to recognize depression in about 50% of cases mainly due to somatic comorbidities. Given the significant economic, social, and interpersonal impact of depression and its increasing prevalence, there is a need to improve its diagnosis and treatment in outpatient care. Various efforts have been made to isolate individual biological markers for depression to streamline diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. However, the intricate and dynamic interplay between neuroinflammation, metabolic abnormalities, and relevant neurobiological correlates of depression is not yet fully understood. To address this issue, we propose a naturalistic prospective study involving outpatients with unipolar depression, individuals without depression or comorbidities, and healthy controls. In addition to clinical assessments, cardiovascular parameters, metabolic factors, and inflammatory parameters are collected. For analysis we will use conventional statistics as well as machine learning algorithms. We aim to detect relevant participant subgroups by data-driven cluster algorithms and their impact on the subjects' long-term prognosis. The POKAL-PSY study is a subproject of the research network POKAL (Predictors and Clinical Outcomes in Depressive Disorders; GRK 2621).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Eder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Graduate Program "POKAL - Predictors and Outcomes in Primary Care" (DFG-GrK 2621, Munich, Germany.
| | - Lisa Pfeiffer
- Graduate Program "POKAL - Predictors and Outcomes in Primary Care" (DFG-GrK 2621, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven P Wichert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria S Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - David Popovic
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Catherine Glocker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Andre R Brunoni
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Antonius Schneider
- Graduate Program "POKAL - Predictors and Outcomes in Primary Care" (DFG-GrK 2621, Munich, Germany
- Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Gensichen
- Graduate Program "POKAL - Predictors and Outcomes in Primary Care" (DFG-GrK 2621, Munich, Germany
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard Musil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Oberberg Specialist Clinic Bad Tölz, Bad Tölz, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Graduate Program "POKAL - Predictors and Outcomes in Primary Care" (DFG-GrK 2621, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Mauldin K, Pignotti GAP, Gieng J. Measures of nutrition status and health for weight-inclusive patient care: A narrative review. Nutr Clin Pract 2024; 39:751-771. [PMID: 38796769 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In healthcare, weight is often equated to and used as a marker for health. In examining nutrition and health status, there are many more effective markers independent of weight. In this article, we review practical and emerging clinical applications of technologies and tools used to collect non-weight-related data in nutrition assessment, monitoring, and evaluation in the outpatient setting. The aim is to provide clinicians with new ideas about various types of data to evaluate and track in nutrition care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasuen Mauldin
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, USA
- Clinical Nutrition, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Giselle A P Pignotti
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, USA
| | - John Gieng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, USA
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Mirzohreh ST, Panahi P, Heidari F. Exploring heart rate variability in polycystic ovary syndrome: implications for cardiovascular health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2024; 13:194. [PMID: 39049099 PMCID: PMC11271026 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent and complex endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It has significant implications for female endocrine function, reproductive health, and metabolic disturbances, including insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and dyslipidemia. Studies have shown that decreased heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of autonomic dysfunction, is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Recent research has focused on investigating autonomic function in PCOS, and some studies have suggested altered autonomic drive in these patients. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate cardiac autonomic function by analyzing HRV in women with PCOS. METHODS This systematic review was prepared using PRISMA reporting guidelines. The databases searched were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Risk of Bias was assessed using ROBINS-I for non-RCTs. The GRADE approach was employed to evaluate the level of certainty in the evidence for each outcome. In order to identify the underlying cause of high heterogeneity, a subgroup analysis was conducted. Sensitivity analysis was checked. A random effect model was used and calculated a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Seventeen articles were included in the final analysis, varied in quality, ranging from a "low" to a "high risk of bias". Combined analyses indicated a notable decrease in HRV among individuals with PCOS compared to the control group. Significant changes were observed in SDNN (SMD: -0.763, 95%CI [-1.289 to -0.237], p=0.004), PNN50 (SMD: -1.245, 95%CI [-2.07, -0.419], p=0.003), LF/HF ratio (SMD: 0.670, 95%CI [0.248, 1.091], p=0.002), HFnu (SMD: -0.873, 95%CI [-1.257, -0.489], p=0.000), LFnu (SMD: 0.840, 95%CI [0.428, 1.251], p=0.000) and TP (SMD: -1.997, 95%CI [-3.306, -0.687], p=0.003). The heterogeneity was partially explained by types of study design. Subgroup analysis revealed significant alterations of HRV in normal-weighted and overweight PCOS cases. Conversely, no significant changes in HRV were observed in obese PCOS cases. CONCLUSION The findings of this meta-analysis provide evidence suggesting diminished HRV in individuals with PCOS compared to non-PCOS control group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Padideh Panahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Heidari
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Venn R, Northey JM, Naumovski N, McKune A. Reliability of an "At-Home" Method for Monitoring Resting and Reactive Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Children: A Pilot Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:835. [PMID: 39062284 PMCID: PMC11275235 DOI: 10.3390/children11070835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV), an index of the functional status of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), provides an opportunity for early detection of ANS dysfunction. Lower resting, vagally related HRV parameters are associated with increased risk of physical and mental illness. External factors influencing the ANS, such as the testing environment, may impact the interpretation of HRV. This study's main aim was to determine the reliability of HRV resting and reactivity tests performed at home with children aged 4-9 years. METHODS Fourteen healthy children (female n = 8) aged 6.8 ± 1.5 years participated. Two HRV tests were performed at home via online supervision 7 days apart using a Polar H10 heart rate monitor. The absolute and relative reliability of the pre-exercise resting (5 min) and sub-maximal exercise step test recovery (4 × 30 s segments) HRV time and frequency domains were calculated. RESULTS The Pearson correlation coefficients for day 1 versus day 7 for the vagal activity HRV domains (RMSSD log) at rest and in the first 30 s and 30-60 s of recovery indicated good-to-excellent relative reliability (r > 0.8, p < 0.01). Absolute reliability was moderate for the resting RMSSD log, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 5.2% (90% CI: 3.9, 7.8%), high for the first 30 s of standing recovery, with a CV of 10.7% (90% CI: 8.2, 15.7%), and moderate for 30-60 s of recovery, with a CV of 8.7% (90% CI: 6.6, 12.9%). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this pilot study indicate that the resting and exercise recovery HRV measures of vagal activity can be measured reliably at home in children. This represents a novel "at-home" protocol for monitoring ANS health and development in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Venn
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia; (R.V.); (J.M.N.); (N.N.)
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Joseph M. Northey
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia; (R.V.); (J.M.N.); (N.N.)
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia; (R.V.); (J.M.N.); (N.N.)
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Ngunnawal Land, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Kallithea, Attica, Greece
| | - Andrew McKune
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia; (R.V.); (J.M.N.); (N.N.)
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Ngunnawal Land, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 3629, South Africa
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10
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Speer KE, Naumovski N, McKune AJ. Heart rate variability to track autonomic nervous system health in young children: Effects of physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors. Physiol Behav 2024; 281:114576. [PMID: 38692385 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Evidence for a key role of dysregulated autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in maladaptive stress response/recovery and non-communicable disease development is extensive. Monitoring ANS activity via regular heart rate variability (HRV) measurement is growing in popularity in adult populations given that low HRV has been associated with ANS dysregulation, poor stress response/reactivity, increased cardiometabolic disease risk and early mortality. Although cardiometabolic disease may originate in early life, regular HRV measurement for assessing ANS activity in childhood populations, especially those consisting of children < 6 years of age, remains largely unpractised. A greater understanding of ANS activity modifiers in early life may improve analysis and interpretation of HRV measurements, thereby optimising its usefulness. Taking into consideration that HRV and ANS activity can be improved via daily engagement in physical activity (PA), this review will discuss the ANS and HRV, ANS activity modifiers, cardiometabolic disease risk factors and PA as they relate to childhood/adolescent populations (≤ 18 years old).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Speer
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Research Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, 2617, Australia.
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Research Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, 2617, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, 17671, Greece
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia; Research Institute of Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, 11 Kirinari Street, Bruce, 2617, Australia; Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, 4000, South Africa
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11
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Young HA, Cousins AL, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Benton D, Gershon RC, Ghirardelli A, Latulippe ME, Scholey A, Wagstaff L. Alignment of Consumers' Expected Brain Benefits from Food and Supplements with Measurable Cognitive Performance Tests. Nutrients 2024; 16:1950. [PMID: 38931303 PMCID: PMC11206270 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumers often cite cognitive improvements as reasons for making dietary changes or using dietary supplements, a motivation that if leveraged could greatly enhance public health. However, rarely is it considered whether standardized cognitive tests that are used in nutrition research are aligned to outcomes of interest to the consumer. This knowledge gap presents a challenge to the scientific substantiation of nutrition-based cognitive health benefits. Here we combined focus group transcript review using reflexive thematic analysis and a multidisciplinary expert panel exercise to evaluate the applicability of cognitive performance tools/tasks for substantiating the specific cognitive benefits articulated by consumers with the objectives to (1) understand how consumers comprehend the potential benefits of nutrition for brain health, and (2) determine the alignment between consumers desired brain benefits and validated tests and tools. We derived a 'Consumer Taxonomy of Cognitive and Affective Health in Nutrition Research' which describes the cognitive and affective structure from the consumers perspective. Experts agreed that validated tests exist for some consumer benefits including focused attention, sustained attention, episodic memory, energy levels, and anxiety. Prospective memory, flow, and presence represented novel benefits that require the development and validation of new tests and tools. Closing the gap between science and consumers and fostering co-creative approaches to nutrition research are critical to the development of products and dietary recommendations that support realizable cognitive benefits that benefit public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley A. Young
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Wales SA2 8PP, UK; (A.L.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Alecia L. Cousins
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Wales SA2 8PP, UK; (A.L.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Carol Byrd-Bredbenner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - David Benton
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Wales SA2 8PP, UK; (A.L.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Richard C. Gershon
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA;
| | | | - Marie E. Latulippe
- Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Washington, DC 20005, USA;
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Nutrition Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia;
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
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12
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Chand K, Chandra S, Dutt V. A comprehensive evaluation of linear and non-linear HRV parameters between paced breathing and stressful mental state. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32195. [PMID: 38873683 PMCID: PMC11170182 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Heart rate variability (HRV) is a crucial metric that provides valuable insight into the balance between relaxation and stress. Previous research has shown that most HRV parameters improve during periods of mental relaxation, while decreasing during tasks involving cognitive workload. Although a comprehensive analysis of both linear and non-linear HRV parameters has been carried out in existing literature, there still exists a need for further research in this area. Additionally, limited knowledge exists regarding how specific interventions may influence the interpretation of these parameters and how the different parameters correlate under different interventions. This study aims to address these gaps by conducting a thorough comparison of different linear and non-linear HRV parameters under mentally relaxed versus stressful states. Methodology Participants were randomly and equally divided among two between-subjects groups: relaxed-stress (RS) (N = 22) and stress-relaxed (SR) (N = 22). In the RS group, a paced breathing task was given for 5 min to create relaxation, and was followed by a 5-min time-based mental calculation task to create stress. In the SR group, the order of the stress and relaxed tasks was reversed. There was a washout period of 15 min after the first task in both groups. Results Of the 37 HRV parameters, 33 differed significantly between the two interventions. The majority of the parameters exhibited an improving and degrading tendency of HRV parameters in the relaxed and stressed states, respectively. The correlation of the majority of HRV parameters decreases during stress, while prominent time domain and geometric domain parameters stand out in the correlation. Conclusion Overall, HRV parameters can be reliably used to assess a person's relaxed and stressed mental states during paced breathing and mental arithmetic task respectively. Furthermore, non-linear HRV parameters provide accurate estimators of the mental state, in addition to the commonly used linear parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulbhushan Chand
- IIT Mandi iHub and HCi Foundation, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, HP, India , 175005
| | - Shilpa Chandra
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, HP, India , 175005
| | - Varun Dutt
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, HP, India , 175005
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13
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Miranda-Angulo AL, Sánchez-López JD, Vargas-Tejada DA, Hawkins-Caicedo V, Calderón JC, Gallo-Villegas J, Alzate-Restrepo JF, Suarez-Revelo JX, Castrillón G. Sympathovagal quotient and resting-state functional connectivity of control networks are related to gut Ruminococcaceae abundance in healthy men. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 164:107003. [PMID: 38471256 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart rate variability (HRV), brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), and gut microbiota (GM) are three recognized indicators of health status, whose relationship has not been characterized. We aimed to identify the GM genera and families related to HRV and rsFC, the interaction effect of HRV and rsFC on GM taxa abundance, and the mediation effect of diet on these relationships. METHODS Eighty-eight healthy, young Colombian men were included in this cross-sectional study. HRV metrics were extracted from 24-hour Holter monitoring data and the resting functional connectivity strength (FCS) of 15 networks were derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging. Gut microbiota composition was assessed using the sequences of the V3-V4 regions of the 16 S rRNA gene, and diet was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the correlations between the independent variables (HRV metrics and FCS) and the dependent variables (GM taxa abundance or alpha diversity indexes). Mediation analyses were used to test the role of diet in the relationship between HRV and GM. RESULTS The sympathovagal quotient (SQ) and the FCS of control networks were positively correlated with the abundance of the gut Ruminococcaceae family and an unclassified Ruminococcaceae genus (Ruminococcaceae_unc). Additionally, the interaction between the FCS of the control network and SQ reduced the individual main effects on the Ruminococcaceae_unc abundance. Finally, reduced habitual fiber intake partially mediated the relationship between SQ and this genus. CONCLUSION Two indicators of self-regulation, HRV and the rsFC of control networks, are related to the abundance of gut microbiota taxa in healthy men. However, only HRV is related to habitual dietary intake; thus, HRV could serve as a marker of food choice and GM composition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Miranda-Angulo
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología y Bioquímica (PHYSIS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Juan D Sánchez-López
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología y Bioquímica (PHYSIS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Daniel A Vargas-Tejada
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología y Bioquímica (PHYSIS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Valentina Hawkins-Caicedo
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología y Bioquímica (PHYSIS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan C Calderón
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología y Bioquímica (PHYSIS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jaime Gallo-Villegas
- Grupo de Investigación en Medicina Aplicada a la Actividad Física y el Deporte (GRINMADE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia; Centro Clínico y de Investigación SICOR, Calle 19 No. 42-40, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan F Alzate-Restrepo
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica (CNSG), Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-2, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jazmin X Suarez-Revelo
- Grupo de Investigación en Imágenes SURA, Ayudas diagnósticas SURA, Carrera 48 No. 26-50, piso 2, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Castrillón
- Grupo de Investigación en Imágenes SURA, Ayudas diagnósticas SURA, Carrera 48 No. 26-50, piso 2, Medellín, Colombia; Department of Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 2, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Guo J, Wan X, Lian J, Ma H, Dong D, Liu Y, Zhao J. Electrophysiological Characteristics of Inhibitive Control for Adults with Different Physiological or Psychological Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:1252. [PMID: 38732499 PMCID: PMC11085209 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals exhibiting high scores on the fatness subscale of the negative-physical-self scale (NPSS-F) are characterized by heightened preoccupation with body fat accompanied by negative body image perceptions, often leading to excessive dieting behaviors. This demographic constitutes a considerable segment of the populace in China, even among those who are not obese. Nonetheless, scant empirical inquiries have delved into the behavioral and neurophysiological profiles of individuals possessing a healthy body mass index (BMI) alongside elevated NPSS-F scores. This study employed an experimental paradigm integrating go/no-go and one-back tasks to assess inhibitory control and working memory capacities concerning food-related stimuli across three adult cohorts: those with normal weight and low NPSS-F scores, those with normal weight and high NPSS-F scores, and individuals classified as obese. Experimental stimuli comprised high- and low-caloric-food pictures with concurrent electroencephalogram (EEG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) recordings. Individuals characterized by high NPSS-F scores and normal weight exhibited distinctive electrophysiological responses compared to the other two cohorts, evident in event-related potential (ERP) components, theta and alpha band oscillations, and heart rate variability (HRV) patterns. In essence, the findings underscore alterations in electrophysiological reactivity among individuals possessing high NPSS-F scores and a healthy BMI in the context of food-related stimuli, underscoring the necessity for increased attention to this demographic alongside individuals affected by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Guo
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (J.G.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (D.D.)
| | - Xiaofang Wan
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (J.G.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (D.D.)
| | - Junwei Lian
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (J.G.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (D.D.)
| | - Hanqing Ma
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (J.G.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (D.D.)
| | - Debo Dong
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (J.G.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (D.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (J.G.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (D.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (J.G.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (H.M.); (D.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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15
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Siegel RJ, Schloss MG, Gray J. Refractory Autonomic Instability in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e55634. [PMID: 38586798 PMCID: PMC10996435 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the specific relationship between concussion and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has not been fully elucidated, it is generally understood that the pathologic response after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is linked with systolic cardiac dysfunction. In this case, we present a patient with multiple concussion injuries over a five-year period who exhibited severe cardiac and autonomic dysfunction, in addition to prolonged impairments in vestibular function, oculomotor function, cognitive function, and headaches. The patient is a 28-year-old male with a past medical history of multiple concussions, with the first concussion occurring due to a skiing accident in January 2015. He initially presented in October 2016 after sustaining a concussion due to a motor vehicle accident (MVA) without loss of consciousness (LOC) two weeks prior. In July 2017, the patient was involved in another MVA with a positive head strike and without LOC, causing his third concussion. After each of his first three concussions, he displayed various symptoms that eventually resolved. In October 2020, the patient suffered a syncopal ground-level fall with several minutes of LOC due to dehydration and lightheadedness, leading to his fourth concussion. His fourth concussion resulted in chronic autonomic dysfunction with resting tachycardia refractory to medical management, and he eventually underwent a cardiac ablation. Although the patient underwent a cardiac ablation, his tachycardia and dysautonomia still cause dysfunction in his daily life. With millions of people living with the sequelae of TBI, the recognition and treatment of autonomic dysfunction should be a continued focus in brain injury research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory J Siegel
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mercy Medical Center, Catholic Health System, Rockville Center, USA
| | - Michael G Schloss
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mercy Medical Center, Catholic Health System, Rockville Center, USA
| | - Jennifer Gray
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Saint Charles Hospital and Rehab, Port Jefferson, USA
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16
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Di Bello M, Chang C, McIntosh R. Dynamic vagal-mediated connectivity of cortical and subcortical central autonomic hubs predicts chronotropic response to submaximal exercise in healthy adults. Brain Cogn 2024; 175:106134. [PMID: 38266398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite accumulation of a substantial body of literature supporting the role of exercise on frontal lobe functioning, relatively less is understood of the interconnectivity of ventromedial prefrontal cortical (vmPFC) regions that underpin cardio-autonomic regulation predict cardiac chronotropic competence (CC) in response to sub-maximal exercise. METHODS Eligibility of 161 adults (mean age = 48.6, SD = 18.3, 68% female) was based upon completion of resting state brain scan and sub-maximal bike test. Sliding window analysis of the resting state signal was conducted over 45-s windows, with 50% overlap, to assess how changes in photoplethysmography-derived HRV relate to vmPFC functional connectivity with the whole brain. CC was assessed based upon heart rate (HR) changes during submaximal exercise (HR change /HRmax (206-0.88 × age) - HRrest). RESULTS During states of elevated HRV the vmPFC showed greater rsFC with an 83-voxel region of the hypothalamus (p < 0.001, uncorrected). Beta estimates of vmPFC connectivity extracted from a 6-mm sphere around this region emerged as the strongest predictor of CC (b = 0.283, p <.001) than age, BMI, and resting HRV F(8,144) = 6.30, p <.001. CONCLUSION Extensive glutamatergic innervation of the hypothalamus by the vmPFC allows for top-down control of the hypothalamus and its various autonomic efferents which facilitate chronotropic response during sub-maximal exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Di Bello
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Catie Chang
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roger McIntosh
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.
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Martinez P, Grinand M, Cheggour S, Taieb J, Gourjon G. How to properly evaluate cardiac vagal tone in oncology studies: a state-of-the-art review. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2024; 4:36-46. [PMID: 39036385 PMCID: PMC11256691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis provides an assessment of cardiac vagal tone and consequently global cardiac health as well as systemic condition. In systemic diseases such as cancer and during treatments that affect the whole body, like chemotherapy, the vagus nerve activity is low and deregulated. Some studies focus on using HRV to predict mortality in oncology. However, in cancer patients, systemic alterations substantially increase artifacts during HRV measurement, especially atrial ectopic beats. Moreover, HRV may be altered by various factors (duration and time of measurement, breathing, drugs, and other confounding factors) that alter each metric in different ways. The Standard Deviation of all Normal to Normal intervals (SDNN) is the most commonly used metric to evaluate HRV in oncology, but it does not appear to be specific to the cardiac vagal tone. Thus, cardiac vagal activity diagnosis and vital prognosis of cancer patients can be biased. Our review presents the main HRV metrics that can be currently used in oncology studies and their links with vagus nerve and cancer. We present the influence of external factors and the required duration and time of measurement. Considering all these parameters, this review proposes seven key points for an assessment of HRV and cardiac vagal tone in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Martinez
- Scientific and Osteopathic Research Department, Institut de Formation en Ostéopathie du Grand Avignon, 403 Rue Marcel Demonque, Avignon, France
| | - Marilyne Grinand
- Département de recherche clinique, Centre hospitalier d'Avignon, 305A Rue Raoul Follereau, Avignon, France
| | - Saïda Cheggour
- Service de cardiologie, Centre hospitalier d'Avignon, 305A Rue Raoul Follereau, Avignon, France
| | - Jérôme Taieb
- Service de cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier du pays d'Aix-Pertuis, Avenue des Tamaris Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Géraud Gourjon
- Scientific and Osteopathic Research Department, Institut de Formation en Ostéopathie du Grand Avignon, 403 Rue Marcel Demonque, Avignon, France
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18
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Moses JC, Adibi S, Angelova M, Islam SMS. Time-domain heart rate variability features for automatic congestive heart failure prediction. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:378-389. [PMID: 38009405 PMCID: PMC10804149 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure is a serious condition that often goes undiagnosed in primary care due to the lack of reliable diagnostic tools and the similarity of its symptoms with other diseases. Non-invasive monitoring of heart rate variability (HRV), which reflects the activity of the autonomic nervous system, could offer a novel and accurate way to detect and manage heart failure patients. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using machine learning techniques on HRV data as a non-invasive biomarker to classify healthy adults and those with heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS We used digitized electrocardiogram recordings from 54 adults with normal sinus rhythm and 44 adults categorized into New York Heart Association classes 1, 2, and 3, suffering from congestive heart failure. All recordings were sourced from the PhysioNet database. Following data pre-processing, we performed time-domain HRV analysis on all individual recordings, including root mean square of the successive difference in adjacent RR interval (RRi) (RMSSD), the standard deviation of RRi (SDNN, the NN stands for natural or sinus intervals), the standard deviation of the successive differences between successive RRi (SDSD), the number or percentage of RRi longer than 50 ms (NN50 and pNN50), and the average value of RRi [mean RR interval (mRRi)]. In our experimental classification performance evaluation, on the computed HRV parameters, we optimized hyperparameters and performed five-fold cross-validation using four machine learning classification algorithms: support vector machine, k-nearest neighbour (KNN), naïve Bayes, and decision tree (DT). We evaluated the prediction accuracy of these models using performance criteria, namely, precision, recall, specificity, F1 score, and overall accuracy. For added insight, we also presented receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots and area under the ROC curve (AUC) values. The overall best performance accuracy of 77% was achieved when KNN and DT were trained on computed HRV parameters with a 5 min time window. KNN obtained an AUC of 0.77, while DT attained 0.78. Additionally, in the classification of severe congestive heart failure, KNN and DT had the best accuracy of 91%, with KNN achieving an AUC of 0.88 and DT obtaining 0.92. CONCLUSIONS The results show that HRV can accurately predict severe congestive heart failure. The findings of this study could inform the use of machine learning approaches on non-invasive HRV, to screen congestive heart failure individuals in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasan Adibi
- School of Information TechnologyDeakin UniversityBurwoodVIC3125Australia
| | - Maia Angelova
- School of Information TechnologyDeakin UniversityBurwoodVIC3125Australia
- Aston Digital Futures Institute, College of Physical Sciences and EngineeringAston UniversityBirminghamUK
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19
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Jasinski SR, Rowan S, Presby DM, Claydon EA, Capodilupo ER. Wearable-derived maternal heart rate variability as a novel digital biomarker of preterm birth. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295899. [PMID: 38295026 PMCID: PMC10829979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable health consequences from preterm births, their incidence remains unchanged over recent decades, due partially to limited screening methods and limited use of extant methods. Wearable technology offers a novel, noninvasive, and acceptable way to track vital signs, such as maternal heart rate variability (mHRV). Previous research observed that mHRV declines throughout the first 33 weeks of gestation in term, singleton pregnancies, after which it improves. The aim of this study was to explore whether mHRV inflection is a feature of gestational age or an indication of time to delivery. This retrospective case-control study considered term and preterm deliveries. Remote data collection via non-invasive wearable technology enabled diverse participation with subjects representing 42 US states and 16 countries. Participants (N = 241) were retroactively identified from the WHOOP (Whoop, Inc.) userbase and wore WHOOP straps during singleton pregnancies between March 2021 and October 2022. Mixed effect spline models by gestational age and time until birth were fit for within-person mHRV, grouped into preterm and term births. For term pregnancies, gestational age (Akaike information criterion (AIC) = 26627.6, R2m = 0.0109, R2c = 0.8571) and weeks until birth (AIC = 26616.3, R2m = 0.0112, R2c = 0.8576) were representative of mHRV trends, with significantly stronger fit for weeks until birth (relative log-likelihood ratio = 279.5). For preterm pregnancies, gestational age (AIC = 1861.9, R2m = 0.0016, R2c = 0.8582) and time until birth (AIC = 1848.0, R2m = 0.0100, R2c = 0.8676) were representative of mHRV trends, with significantly stronger fit for weeks until birth (relative log-likelihood ratio = 859.4). This study suggests that wearable technology, such as the WHOOP strap, may provide a digital biomarker for preterm delivery by screening for changes in nighttime mHRV throughout pregnancy that could in turn alert to the need for further evaluation and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer R. Jasinski
- Department of Data Science and Research, WHOOP Inc, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Shon Rowan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - David M. Presby
- Department of Data Science and Research, WHOOP Inc, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Claydon
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Emily R. Capodilupo
- Department of Data Science and Research, WHOOP Inc, Boston, MA, United States of America
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20
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Zhao Y, Yu H, Gong A, Zhang S, Xiao B. Heart rate variability and cardiovascular diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14085. [PMID: 37641564 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal relationship between heart rate variability and cardiovascular diseases and the associated events is still unclear, and the conclusions of current studies are inconsistent. We aimed to explore the relationship between heart rate variability and cardiovascular diseases and the associated events with the Mendelian randomization study. METHODS We selected normal-to-normal inter-beat intervals (SDNN), root mean square of the successive differences of inter-beat intervals (RMSSD) and peak-valley respiratory sinus arrhythmia or high-frequency power (pvRSA/HF) as the three sets of instrumental variables for heart rate variability. The outcome for cardiovascular diseases included essential hypertension, heart failure, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, nonischemic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia. Cardiac arrest, cardiac death and major coronary heart disease event were defined as the related events of cardiovascular diseases. The data for exposures and outcomes were derived from publicly available genome-wide association studies. Inverse variance weighted was used for the main causal estimation. Analyses of heterogeneity and pleiotropy were conducted using the Cochran Q test of Inverse variance weighted and MR-Egger, leave-one-out analysis, and MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier methods. RESULTS The Inverse variance weighted method indicated that genetically predicted pvRSA/HF was associated with the increased risk of cardiac arrest (odds ratio 2.02, 95% confidence interval 1.25-3.28, p = .004). The results were free of heterogeneity and pleiotropy. There were no outliers and the leave-one-out analysis proved that the results were reliable. CONCLUSIONS This study provides genetic evidence that pvRSA/HF is causally related to cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hangtian Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Angwei Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuaidan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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21
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Corrado J, Iftekhar N, Halpin S, Li M, Tarrant R, Grimaldi J, Simms A, O'Connor RJ, Casson A, Sivan M. HEART Rate Variability Biofeedback for LOng COVID Dysautonomia (HEARTLOC): Results of a Feasibility Study. ADVANCES IN REHABILITATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2024; 13:27536351241227261. [PMID: 38298551 PMCID: PMC10826406 DOI: 10.1177/27536351241227261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Post-COVID-19 syndrome, or Long Covid (LC) refers to symptoms persisting 12 weeks after the COVID-19 infection. LC comprises a wide range of dysautonomia symptoms, including fatigue, breathlessness, palpitations, dizziness, pain and brain fog. This study tested the feasibility and estimated the efficacy, of a Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRV-B) programme via a standardised slow diaphragmatic breathing technique in individuals with LC. Methods LC patients underwent a 4-week HRV-B intervention for 10 minutes twice daily for 4 weeks using the Polar H10 ECG (Electrocardiogram) chest strap and Elite HRV phone application. Outcome measures C19-YRSm (Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale modified), Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS-31), WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), EQ5D-5L (EuroQol 5 Dimensions) and Root Mean Square of Successive Differences between heartbeats (RMSSD) using a Fitbit device were recorded before and after the intervention. The study was pre-registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT05228665. Results A total of 13 participants (54% female, 46% male) completed the study with high levels of independent use of technology, data completeness and intervention adherence. There was a statistically significant improvement in C19YRS-m (P = .001), COMPASS-31 (P = .007), RMSSD (P = .047), WHODAS (P = .02) and EQ5D Global Health Score (P = .009). Qualitative feedback suggested participants could use it independently, were satisfied with the intervention and reported beneficial effects from the intervention. Conclusion HRV-B using diaphragmatic breathing is a feasible intervention for LC. The small sample size limits generalisability. HRV-B in LC warrants further exploration in a larger randomised controlled study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Corrado
- Academic Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Long COVID Rehabilitation Service, Leeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- National Demonstration Centre of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Nafi Iftekhar
- Academic Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stephen Halpin
- Academic Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Long COVID Rehabilitation Service, Leeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- National Demonstration Centre of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Mengyao Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Tarrant
- Long COVID Rehabilitation Service, Leeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Jennifer Grimaldi
- Long COVID Rehabilitation Service, Leeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Alexander Simms
- Academic Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Rory J O'Connor
- Academic Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- National Demonstration Centre of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Alex Casson
- Academic Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Manoj Sivan
- Academic Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Long COVID Rehabilitation Service, Leeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- National Demonstration Centre of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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22
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Widatalla N, Alkhodari M, Koide K, Yoshida C, Kasahara Y, Saito M, Kimura Y, Habib Khandoker A. Prediction of fetal RR intervals from maternal factors using machine learning models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19765. [PMID: 37957257 PMCID: PMC10643643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous literature has highlighted the importance of maternal behavior during the prenatal period for the upbringing of healthy adults. During pregnancy, fetal health assessments are mainly carried out non-invasively by monitoring fetal growth and heart rate (HR) or RR interval (RRI). Despite this, research entailing prediction of fHRs from mHRs is scarce mainly due to the difficulty in non-invasive measurements of fetal electrocardiogram (fECG). Also, so far, it is unknown how mHRs are associated with fHR over the short term. In this study, we used two machine learning models, support vector regression (SVR) and random forest (RF), for predicting average fetal RRI (fRRI). The predicted fRRI values were compared with actual fRRI values calculated from non-invasive fECG. fRRI was predicted from 13 maternal features that consisted of age, weight, and non-invasive ECG-derived parameters that included HR variability (HRV) and R wave amplitude variability. 156 records were used for training the models and the results showed that the SVR model outperformed the RF model with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 29 ms and an average error percentage (< 5%). Correlation analysis between predicted and actual fRRI values showed that the Spearman coefficient for the SVR and RF models were 0.31 (P < 0.001) and 0.19 (P < 0.05), respectively. The SVR model was further used to predict fRRI of 14 subjects who were not included in the training. The latter prediction results showed that individual error percentages were (≤ 5%) except in 3 subjects. The results of this study show that maternal factors can be potentially used for the assessment of fetal well-being based on fetal HR or RRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namareq Widatalla
- Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Next Generation Biological Information Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Mohanad Alkhodari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kunihiro Koide
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yoshida
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kasahara
- Next Generation Biological Information Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Next Generation Biological Information Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kimura
- Next Generation Biological Information Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ahsan Habib Khandoker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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23
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Haddad P, Ogurtsova K, Lucht S, Glaubitz L, Höppe P, Nowak D, Angerer P, Hoffmann B. Short-term exposure to ultrafine and fine particulate matter with multipollutant modelling on heart rate variability among seniors and children from the CorPuScula (coronary, pulmonary, sanguis) longitudinal study in Germany. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:1278506. [PMID: 38455908 PMCID: PMC10910943 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1278506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Short-term exposure particulate matter with a diameter of 10 µm or less (PM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with heart rate variability (HRV), but exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) has been less well examined. We investigated the associations between the HRV outcomes and short-term exposure to UFP, PM10 and PM2.5 among school-aged children and seniors. Methods CorPuScula (Coronary, Pulmonary and Sanguis) is a longitudinal, repeated-measure panel study conducted in 2000-2002 in Munich, Germany including 52 seniors (58-94 years old) with 899 observations and 50 children (6-10 years old) with 925 observations. A 10-min resting electrocardiogram was performed to assess resting HRV outcomes [Standard Deviation of Normal to Normal Intervals (SDNN), Root Mean Square of Successive Differences between Normal Heartbeats (RMSSD), Low Frequency power (LF), High Frequency power (HF), ration between low and high frequency (LF/HF)]. UFP and PM exposures were measured near the care home and school yard for seniors and children, respectively. Mean exposures during the day of examination (9-21 h) as well as 3-h, 12-h, 24-h, one-day, and two-day lags were assessed. Linear mixed-effect models were used to investigate the associations between short-term air pollution and HRV outcomes separately in children and seniors. The models were adjusted for sex, age, weather conditions (temperature, precipitation, and water vapor pressure), BMI, lifestyle and medical information. Two and multipollutant models adjusted for NO2 and O3 were performed. Results Among seniors, we observed increases in SDNN, LF, HF and LF/HF ratio after short-term exposure to UFP (hourly and daily lags) in contrast to decreases in SDNN and RMSSD after exposure to PM10. Associations were generally robust to two- and multipollutant adjustment. Among children, we observed increases of the LF/HF ratio after short-term exposures to UFP at lags 12 and 24 h. In contrast, we observed decreases of the ratio after exposure to PM2.5 and PM10. Results were largely unchanged for multipollutant modelling, however we found a more pronounced increase in SDNN and LF/HF (UFP lag 12 and 24 h) after adjusting for NO2. Conclusions Overall, among seniors, we observed associations of UFP and PM10 exposure with sympathetic responses of the ANS, which play an important role in sudden heart attacks or arrhythmia. Among children we found more inconsistent associations between UFP and a delayed increase in HRV. Adjusting for co-pollutants including NO2 and O3 yielded robust results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Haddad
- Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katherine Ogurtsova
- Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Lucht
- Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Real-World Evidence & Insights, Cardinal Health, Dublin, OH, United States
| | - Lina Glaubitz
- Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Höppe
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Angerer
- Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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24
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Lalanza JF, Lorente S, Bullich R, García C, Losilla JM, Capdevila L. Methods for Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRVB): A Systematic Review and Guidelines. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2023; 48:275-297. [PMID: 36917418 PMCID: PMC10412682 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-023-09582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRVB) has been widely used to improve cardiovascular health and well-being. HRVB is based on breathing at an individual's resonance frequency, which stimulates respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and the baroreflex. There is, however, no methodological consensus on how to apply HRVB, while details about the protocol used are often not well reported. Thus, the objectives of this systematic review are to describe the different HRVB protocols and detect methodological concerns. PsycINFO, CINALH, Medline and Web of Science were searched between 2000 and April 2021. Data extraction and quality assessment were based on PRISMA guidelines. A total of 143 studies were finally included from any scientific field and any type of sample. Three protocols for HRVB were found: (i) "Optimal RF" (n = 37), each participant breathes at their previously detected RF; (ii) "Individual RF" (n = 48), each participant follows a biofeedback device that shows the optimal breathing rate based on cardiovascular data in real time, and (iii) "Preset-pace RF" (n = 51), all participants breathe at the same rate rate, usually 6 breaths/minute. In addition, we found several methodological differences for applying HRVB in terms of number of weeks, duration of breathing or combination of laboratory and home sessions. Remarkably, almost 2/3 of the studies did not report enough information to replicate the HRVB protocol in terms of breathing duration, inhalation/exhalation ratio, breathing control or body position. Methodological guidelines and a checklist are proposed to enhance the methodological quality of future HRVB studies and increase the information reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume F Lalanza
- Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sonia Lorente
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Pediatric Area, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Raimon Bullich
- Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carlos García
- Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Losilla
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Sport Research Institute UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lluis Capdevila
- Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Sport Research Institute UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Departament of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Bellinger D, Wehrmann K, Rohde A, Schuppert M, Störk S, Flohr-Jost M, Gall D, Pauli P, Deckert J, Herrmann MJ, Erhardt-Lehmann A. The application of virtual reality exposure versus relaxation training in music performance anxiety: a randomized controlled study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:555. [PMID: 37528410 PMCID: PMC10394851 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Performance anxiety is the most frequently reported anxiety disorder among professional musicians. Typical symptoms are - on a physical level - the consequences of an increase in sympathetic tone with cardiac stress, such as acceleration of heartbeat, increase in blood pressure, increased respiratory rate and tremor up to nausea or flush reactions. These symptoms can cause emotional distress, a reduced musical and artistical performance up to an impaired functioning. While anxiety disorders are preferably treated using cognitive-behavioral therapy with exposure, this approach is rather difficult for treating music performance anxiety since the presence of a public or professional jury is required and not easily available. The use of virtual reality (VR) could therefore display an alternative. So far, no therapy studies on music performance anxiety applying virtual reality exposure therapy have investigated the therapy outcome including cardiovascular changes as outcome parameters. METHODS This mono-center, prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial has a pre-post design with a follow-up period of 6 months. 46 professional and semi-professional musicians will be recruited and allocated randomly to an VR exposure group or a control group receiving progressive muscle relaxation training. Both groups will be treated over 4 single sessions. Music performance anxiety will be diagnosed based on a clinical interview using ICD-10 and DSM-5 criteria for specific phobia or social anxiety. A behavioral assessment test is conducted three times (pre, post, follow-up) in VR through an audition in a concert hall. Primary outcomes are the changes in music performance anxiety measured by the German Bühnenangstfragebogen and the cardiovascular reactivity reflected by heart rate variability (HRV). Secondary outcomes are changes in blood pressure, stress parameters such as cortisol in the blood and saliva, neuropeptides, and DNA-methylation. DISCUSSION The trial investigates the effect of VR exposure in musicians with performance anxiety compared to a relaxation technique on anxiety symptoms and corresponding cardiovascular parameters. We expect a reduction of anxiety but also a consecutive improvement of HRV with cardiovascular protective effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov. (ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT05735860).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bellinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Kristin Wehrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Rohde
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Störk
- Department Clinical Research & Epidemiology, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flohr-Jost
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), Center for Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Gall
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), Center for Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), Center for Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Erhardt-Lehmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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26
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Wang JJ, Liu SH, Tsai CH, Manousakas I, Zhu X, Lee TL. Signal Quality Analysis of Single-Arm Electrocardiography. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5818. [PMID: 37447668 DOI: 10.3390/s23135818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The number of people experiencing mental stress or emotional dysfunction has increased since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, as many individuals have had to adapt their daily lives. Numerous studies have demonstrated that mental health disorders can pose a risk for certain diseases, and they are also closely associated with the problem of mental workload. Now, wearable devices and mobile health applications are being utilized to monitor and assess individuals' mental health conditions on a daily basis using heart rate variability (HRV), typically measured by the R-to-R wave interval (RRI) of an electrocardiogram (ECG). However, portable or wearable ECG devices generally require two electrodes to perform bipolar limb leads, such as the Einthoven triangle. This study aims to develop a single-arm ECG measurement method, with lead I ECG serving as the gold standard. We conducted static and dynamic experiments to analyze the morphological performance and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the single-arm ECG. Three morphological features were defined, RRI, the duration of the QRS complex wave, and the amplitude of the R wave. Thirty subjects participated in this study. The results indicated that RRI exhibited the highest cross-correlation (R = 0.9942) between the single-arm ECG and lead I ECG, while the duration of the QRS complex wave showed the weakest cross-correlation (R = 0.2201). The best SNR obtained was 26.1 ± 5.9 dB during the resting experiment, whereas the worst SNR was 12.5 ± 5.1 dB during the raising and lowering of the arm along the z-axis. This single-arm ECG measurement method offers easier operation compared to traditional ECG measurement techniques, making it applicable for HRV measurement and the detection of an irregular RRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jung Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hong Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Ioannis Manousakas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Xin Zhu
- Division of Information Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu City 965-8580, Japan
| | - Thung-Lip Lee
- Department of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
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Fan S, Cui Y, Liao Y, Jin H. Predicting Therapeutic Efficacy of Pharmacological Treatments in Children with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Mini-Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1093. [PMID: 37508589 PMCID: PMC10377884 DOI: 10.3390/children10071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is common in children, with an excessive increment in heart rate when moving from the supine to upright position. It has significant negative impacts on the daily life of pediatric patients. The pathogenesis of POTS includes peripheral vascular dysfunction, central hypovolemia, abnormal autonomic function, a high-adrenergic state, impaired skeletal-muscle pump function, the abnormal release of vasoactive factors, and autoimmune abnormalities. Therefore, the empirical use of pharmacological treatments has limited therapeutic efficacy due to the diversity of its mechanisms. A crucial aspect of managing POTS is the selection of appropriate treatment targeting the specific pathogenesis. This review summarizes the commonly used pharmacological interventions, with a focus on their predictive indicators for treatment response. Factors such as heart rate variability, plasma biomarkers, and cardiac-function parameters are discussed as potential predictors of therapeutic efficacy, enabling the implementation of individualized treatment to improve therapeutic effectiveness. This review consolidates the current knowledge on POTS, encompassing its clinical characteristics, epidemiological patterns, underlying pathogenic mechanisms, and predictive indicators for treatment response. Further research is warranted to enhance the understanding of POTS and facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic approaches for this challenging syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Fan
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yaxi Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Cavezzi A, Colucci R, Bastiani L. Short-term effects of a maqui-based nutraceutical on heart rate variability, psycho-physical resilience and on a few metabolic biomarkers: a randomized controlled study. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:487-496. [PMID: 36420523 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the immediate/short-term outcomes of a maqui berry-based nutraceutical (MBN) supplementation on the autonomic nervous system (ANS), resilience level, metabolism and body composition. METHODS A randomized controlled single-blind study was performed on healthy subjects. Throughout 30 days, one group took 1,000 mg/day of an MBN (Maqui 500®), the control group had no supplementation. On day 0 (T0) and 30 (T3) all subjects performed blood tests, bioimpedance spectroscopy and questionnaires for resilience, perceived stress and short-form 12 (SF12). At T0, 75' after T0 (T1), on day 7 and at T3 the subjects underwent biometric parameter measurement and heart rate variability (HRV) test to investigate psycho-physical resilience. RESULTS Fifteen subjects per group were included; abnormal seasonal high temperatures altered individuals' lifestyle and nutrition, influencing the trial's outcomes. Biometric parameters, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and blood tests did not differ between T0 and T3 in both groups. In the MBN group the HRV analysis showed a significant increase of ANS coordination (p=0.05), parasympathetic activity at 75', very low frequencies and total power at T3, whereas these parameters decreased in the control group. SF12 mental score improved in the maqui group (p=0.02); the questionnaire-based outcomes showed no further variations. In the control subjects bioimpedance showed an increase of resistance and fat mass, with decreased total body water and lean mass (p=n.s.). CONCLUSIONS The maqui-based nutraceutical improved HRV, namely ANS activation/coordination, and SF12 mental component. Blood tests and bioimpedance/biometric parameters mildly varied. The elapsed hot weather likely biased many investigated variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Bastiani
- National Research Council-Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
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Linder BA, Babcock MC, Pollin KU, Watso JC, Robinson AT. Short-term high-salt consumption does not influence resting or exercising heart rate variability but increases MCP-1 concentration in healthy young adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R666-R676. [PMID: 36939211 PMCID: PMC10110701 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00240.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
High salt consumption increases blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease risk by altering autonomic function and increasing inflammation. However, it is unclear whether salt manipulation alters resting and exercising heart rate variability (HRV), a noninvasive measure of autonomic function, in healthy young adults. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether short-term high-salt intake 1) alters HRV at rest, during exercise, or exercise recovery and 2) increases the circulating concentration of the inflammatory biomarker monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). With the use of a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 20 participants (8 females; 24 ± 4 yr old, 110 ± 10/64 ± 8 mmHg) consumed salt (3,900 mg sodium) or placebo capsules for 10 days each separated by ≥2 wk. We assessed HRV during 10 min of baseline rest, 50 min of cycling (60% V̇o2peak), and recovery. We quantified HRV using the standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals, the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and additional time and frequency domain metrics of HRV. Plasma samples were collected to assess MCP-1 concentration. No main effect of high salt or condition × time interaction was observed for HRV metrics. However, acute exercise reduced HRV (e.g., RMSSD time: P < 0.001, condition: P = 0.877, interaction: P = 0.422). High salt elevated plasma MCP-1 (72.4 ± 12.5 vs. 78.14 ± 14.7 pg/mL; P = 0.010). Irrespective of condition, MCP-1 was moderately associated (P values < 0.05) with systolic (r = 0.32) and mean BP (r = 0.33). Short-term high-salt consumption does not affect HRV; however, it increases circulating MCP-1, which may influence BP in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braxton A Linder
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - Matthew C Babcock
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kamila U Pollin
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Washington DC Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Joseph C Watso
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Austin T Robinson
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
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30
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Parizek D, Visnovcova N, Hamza Sladicekova K, Misek J, Jakus J, Jakusova J, Kohan M, Visnovcová Z, Ferencova N, Tonhajzerova I. Electromagnetic fields - do they pose a cardiovascular risk? Physiol Res 2023; 72:199-208. [PMID: 37159854 PMCID: PMC10226401 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mobile wireless communication technologies have now become an everyday part of our lives, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Monitoring the autonomous system under exposition to electromagnetic fields may play an important role in broading of our still limited knowledge on their effect on human body. Thus, we studied the interaction of the high frequency electromagnetic field (HF EMF) with living body and its effect on the autonomic control of heart rate using Heart Rate Variability (HRV) linear and nonlinear analyses in healthy volunteers. A group of young healthy probands (n=30, age mean: 24.2 ± 3.5 years) without any symptoms of disease was exposed to EMF with f=2400 MHz (Wi Fi), and f=2600 MHz (4G) for 5 minutes applied on the chest area. The short-term heart rate variability (HRV) metrics were used as an indicator of complex cardiac autonomic control. The evaluated HRV parameters: RR interval (ms), high frequency spectral power (HF-HRV in [ln(ms2)]) as an index of cardiovagal control, and a symbolic dynamic index of 0V %, indicating cardiac sympathetic activity. The cardiac-linked parasympathetic index HF-HRV was significantly reduced (p =0.036) and sympathetically mediated HRV index 0V % was significantly higher (p=0.002) during EMF exposure at 2400 MHz (Wi-Fi), compared to simulated 4G frequency 2600 MHz. No significant differences were found in the RR intervals. Our results revealed a shift in cardiac autonomic regulation towards sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic underactivity indexed by HRV parameters during EMF exposure in young healthy persons. It seems that HF EMF exposure results in abnormal complex cardiac autonomic regulatory integrity which may be associated with higher risk of later cardiovascular complications already in healthy probands.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Parizek
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovak Republic. ,
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31
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Kerkutluoglu M, Gunes H, Iyigun U, Dagli M, Doganer A. Is the Effect of the COVID-19 Vaccine on Heart Rate Variability Permanent? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050852. [PMID: 37241084 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The risk of autonomic dysfunction with COVID-19 vaccines used worldwide in the COVID-19 pandemic remains a topic of debate. Heart rate variability has a number of parameters that can be used to assess autonomic nervous system dynamics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) on heart rate variability and autonomic nervous system parameters, and the duration of the effect. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 healthy individuals who visited an outpatient clinic to receive the COVID-19 vaccination were included in this prospective observational study. Heart rate variability parameters were measured before vaccination and on days 2 and 10 after vaccination. SDNN, rMSSD and pNN50 values were evaluated for time series analyses, and LF, HF, and LF/HV values for frequency-dependent analyses. Results: The SDNN and rMSDD values declined significantly on day 2 after vaccination, while the pNN50 and LF/HF values increased significantly on day 10. The values at pre-vaccination and at day 10 were comparable. The pNN50 and LF/HF values declined significantly on day 2 and increased significantly on day 10. The values at pre-vaccination and at day 10 were comparable. Conclusions: This study showed that the decline in HRV observed with COVID-19 vaccination was temporary, and that the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination did not cause permanent autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kerkutluoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras 46050, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gunes
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras 46050, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Iyigun
- Department of Cardiology, Hatay Training and Research Hospital, Hatay 3100, Turkey
| | - Musa Dagli
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras 46050, Turkey
| | - Adem Doganer
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras 46050, Turkey
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32
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Friedberg F, Adamowicz JL, Bruckenthal P, Milazzo M, Ramjan S, Zhang X, Yang J. Sex differences in post-exercise fatigue and function in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5442. [PMID: 37012343 PMCID: PMC10070276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32581-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess biobehavioral sex differences in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) utilizing a low burden exercise protocol, 22 females and 15 males with ME/CFS and 14 healthy controls underwent two six-min walk tests. Fifteen daily assessments were scheduled for fatigue and function ratings and heart monitoring. Six-min walk tests were conducted on days 8 and 9. The ME/CFS group showed high self-report fatigue and impaired physical function, whereas healthy controls did not show fatigue or function abnormalities. In patients, no significant post-exercise changes were found for heart rate variability (HRV); however, heart rate decreased in ME/CFS males from Day 14 to Day 15 (p = 0.046). Female patients showed increased fatigue (p = 0.006) after the initial walk test, but a downward slope (p = 0.008) in fatigue following the second walk test. Male patients showed a decrease in self-report work limitation in the days after exercise (p = 0.046). The healthy control group evidenced a decrease in HRV after the walk tests from Day 9-14 (p = 0.038). This pilot study did not confirm hypotheses that females as compared to males would show slower exercise recovery on autonomic or self-report (e.g. fatigue) measures. A more exertion-sensitive test may be required to document prolonged post-exertional abnormalities in ME/CFS.Trial registration: NCT NCT03331419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Friedberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, L10-060Y, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8101, USA.
| | - Jenna L Adamowicz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue, G60 PBSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Patricia Bruckenthal
- School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, Level 2, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8240, USA
| | - Maria Milazzo
- School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, Level 2, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8240, USA
| | - Sameera Ramjan
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Avenue, 7Th Floor, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, L3-108, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8036, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, L3-108, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8036, USA
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33
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Difrancesco S, van Baardewijk JU, Cornelissen AS, Varon C, Hendriks RC, Brouwer AM. Exploring the use of Granger causality for the identification of chemical exposure based on physiological data. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:1106650. [PMID: 37007435 PMCID: PMC10053028 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1106650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors offer new opportunities for the early detection and identification of toxic chemicals in situations where medical evaluation is not immediately possible. We previously found that continuously recorded physiology in guinea pigs can be used for early detection of exposure to an opioid (fentanyl) or a nerve agent (VX), as well as for differentiating between the two. Here, we investigated how exposure to these different chemicals affects the interactions between ECG and respiration parameters as determined by Granger causality (GC). Features reflecting such interactions may provide additional information and improve models differentiating between chemical agents. Traditional respiration and ECG features, as well as GC features, were extracted from data of 120 guinea pigs exposed to VX (n = 61) or fentanyl (n = 59). Data were divided in a training set (n = 99) and a test set (n = 21). Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms were used to, respectively, perform feature selection and train a model to discriminate between the two chemicals. We found that ECG and respiration parameters are Granger-related under healthy conditions, and that exposure to fentanyl and VX affected these relationships in different ways. SVM models discriminated between chemicals with accuracy of 95% or higher on the test set. GC features did not improve the classification compared to traditional features. Respiration features (i.e., peak inspiratory and expiratory flow) were the most important to discriminate between different chemical’s exposure. Our results indicate that it may be feasible to discriminate between chemical exposure when using traditional physiological respiration features from wearable sensors. Future research will examine whether GC features can contribute to robust detection and differentiation between chemicals when considering other factors, such as generalizing results across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Difrancesco
- Department Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J. U. van Baardewijk
- Department Human Performance, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Soesterberg, Netherlands
| | - A. S. Cornelissen
- Department CBRN Protection, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - C. Varon
- Circuits and Systems (CAS) Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Centre for Research and Engineering in Space Technologies—CREST, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R. C. Hendriks
- Circuits and Systems (CAS) Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - A. M. Brouwer
- Department Human Performance, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Soesterberg, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: A. M. Brouwer,
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34
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Benchekroun M, Velmovitsky PE, Istrate D, Zalc V, Morita PP, Lenne D. Cross Dataset Analysis for Generalizability of HRV-Based Stress Detection Models. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23041807. [PMID: 36850407 PMCID: PMC9960690 DOI: 10.3390/s23041807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stress is an increasingly prevalent mental health condition across the world. In Europe, for example, stress is considered one of the most common health problems, and over USD 300 billion are spent on stress treatments annually. Therefore, monitoring, identification and prevention of stress are of the utmost importance. While most stress monitoring is carried out through self-reporting, there are now several studies on stress detection from physiological signals using Artificial Intelligence algorithms. However, the generalizability of these models is only rarely discussed. The main goal of this work is to provide a monitoring proof-of-concept tool exploring the generalization capabilities of Heart Rate Variability-based machine learning models. To this end, two Machine Learning models are used, Logistic Regression and Random Forest to analyze and classify stress in two datasets differing in terms of protocol, stressors and recording devices. First, the models are evaluated using leave-one-subject-out cross-validation with train and test samples from the same dataset. Next, a cross-dataset validation of the models is performed, that is, leave-one-subject-out models trained on a Multi-modal Dataset for Real-time, Continuous Stress Detection from Physiological Signals dataset and validated using the University of Waterloo stress dataset. While both logistic regression and random forest models achieve good classification results in the independent dataset analysis, the random forest model demonstrates better generalization capabilities with a stable F1 score of 61%. This indicates that the random forest can be used to generalize HRV-based stress detection models, which can lead to better analyses in the mental health and medical research field through training and integrating different models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Benchekroun
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Lab, University of Technology of Compiègne (UMR CNRS 7338), 60200 Compiègne, France
- Heudiasyc Lab (Heuristics and Diagnosis of Complex Systems), University of Technology of Compiègne (UMR CNRS 7338), 60200 Compiègne, France
| | - Pedro Elkind Velmovitsky
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dan Istrate
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Lab, University of Technology of Compiègne (UMR CNRS 7338), 60200 Compiègne, France
| | - Vincent Zalc
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Lab, University of Technology of Compiègne (UMR CNRS 7338), 60200 Compiègne, France
| | - Plinio Pelegrini Morita
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2J 0E2, Canada
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada
- Centre for Digital Therapeutics, Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Dominique Lenne
- Heudiasyc Lab (Heuristics and Diagnosis of Complex Systems), University of Technology of Compiègne (UMR CNRS 7338), 60200 Compiègne, France
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Gomes MFP, de Moura EDOC, Cardoso NM, da Silva GA, Dos Santos ACC, de Souza FS, Estadella D, Lambertucci RH, Lago JHG, Medeiros A. Supplementation with okra combined or not with exercise training is able to protect the heart of animals with metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1468. [PMID: 36702820 PMCID: PMC9879946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical manifestation strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, the main cause of death worldwide. In view of this scenario, many therapeutic proposals have appeared in order to optimize the treatment of individuals with MetS, including the practice of exercise training (ET) and the consumption of okra (O). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of O consumption and/or ET in animals with MetS. In all, 32 male Zucker rats (fa/fa) at 10 weeks old were randomly distributed into four groups of 8 animals each: MetS, MetS+O, MetS+ET and MetS+ET+O, and 8 lean Zucker rats (fa/ +) comprised the control group. Okra was administered by orogastric gavage 2x/day (morning and night, 100 mg/kg), 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. The ET was performed on a treadmill 1x/day (afternoon), 5 days/week, 60 min/day, in an intensity of 70% of maximal capacity, for the same days of O treatment. It was found that, O consumption alone was able to promote improved insulin sensitivity (MetS 93.93 ± 8.54 mg/dL vs. MetS+O 69.95 ± 18.7 mg/dL, p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.65, CI = 50.32 -89.58, triglyceride reduction (MetS 492.9 ± 97.8 mg/dL vs. MetS+O 334.9 ± 98.0 mg/dL, p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.61, CI = 193.2-398.7). In addition, it promoted a reduction in systolic blood pressure (MetS 149.0 ± 9.3 mmHg vs. MetS+O 132.0 ± 11.4 mmHg, p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.63, CI = 120-140), prevented an increase in cardiac collagen (MetS 12.60 ± 2.08% vs. MetS+O 7.52 ± 0.77%, p ≤ 0.05, d = 3.24, CI = 6.56-8.49). When associated with ET, the results were similar. Thus, we conclude that O consumption combined or not with aerobic ET can have a protective effect on the cardiac tissue of rats with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Felipe Pereira Gomes
- Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Silva Jardim, 136 - Vila Matias, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil.
- Center for Applied Social Sciences and Health, Universidade Católica de Santos (Unisantos), Av. Conselheiro Nébias, 300, Vila Matias, Santos, SP, 11015-002, Brazil.
| | | | - Naiara Magalhães Cardoso
- Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Silva Jardim, 136 - Vila Matias, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Graziele Aparecida da Silva
- Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Silva Jardim, 136 - Vila Matias, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Cardoso Dos Santos
- Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Silva Jardim, 136 - Vila Matias, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Samantha de Souza
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, n° 275, Eldorado, Diadema, SP, 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Débora Estadella
- Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Silva Jardim, 136 - Vila Matias, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Rafael Herling Lambertucci
- Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Silva Jardim, 136 - Vila Matias, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Ghilardi Lago
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal Do ABC, Av. Dos Estados, 500, Bangú, Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Medeiros
- Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Silva Jardim, 136 - Vila Matias, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
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De Favari Signini É, Castro A, Rehder-Santos P, Cristina Millan-Mattos J, Magalhães de Oliveira J, Minatel V, Bianca Falasco Pantoni C, Sobreiro Selistre de Araújo H, Fabrizzi F, Porta A, Gilberto Ferreira A, Vincenzi Oliveira R, Maria Catai A. Integrative perspective of the healthy aging process considering the metabolome, cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiorespiratory fitness evaluated in age groups. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21314. [PMID: 36494472 PMCID: PMC9734749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process causes changes at all organic levels. Although metabolism, cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are widely studied as a function of age, they are mainly studied in isolation, thus making it difficult to perceive their concomitant variations. This study aimed to investigate the integrated changes that occur in the metabolome, CAM, and CRF throughout aging in apparently healthy individuals. The subjects (n = 118) were divided into five groups according to age (20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 60-70 years old) and underwent blood collection, autonomic assessment, and a cardiopulmonary exercise test for metabolomics analysis using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, cardiac autonomic modulation analysis, and CRF by peak oxygen consumption analysis, respectively. The Tukey's post hoc and effect size with confidence interval were used for variables with a significant one-way ANOVA effect (P < 0.01). The main changes were in the oldest age group, where the CRF, valine, leucine, isoleucine, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, and CAM reduced and hippuric acid increased. The results suggest significant changes in the metabolome, CAM, and CRF after the age of sixty as a consequence of aging impairments, but with some changes in the metabolic profile that may be favorable to mitigate the aging deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Étore De Favari Signini
- grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XDepartment of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Alex Castro
- grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XDepartment of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Patrícia Rehder-Santos
- grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XDepartment of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Juliana Cristina Millan-Mattos
- grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XDepartment of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Juliana Magalhães de Oliveira
- grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XDepartment of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Vinicius Minatel
- grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XDepartment of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Camila Bianca Falasco Pantoni
- grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XDepartment of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil ,grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XDepartment of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Fabrizzi
- Penápolis Educational Foundation (FUNEPE), Penápolis, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Alberto Porta
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy ,Department of Cardiothoracic, Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan Italy
| | - Antônio Gilberto Ferreira
- grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XDepartment of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Regina Vincenzi Oliveira
- grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XDepartment of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Aparecida Maria Catai
- grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XDepartment of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo Brazil ,grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XCardiovascular Physical Therapy Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Nucleus of Research in Physical Exercise, Federal University of São Carlos, Via Washington Luiz, Km 235, CP: 676, São Carlos, SP 13565-905 Brazil
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Pagano TP, dos Santos LL, Santos VR, Sá PHM, Bonfim YDS, Paranhos JVD, Ortega LL, Nascimento LFS, Santos A, Rönnau MM, Winkler I, Nascimento EGS. Remote Heart Rate Prediction in Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays Using Machine Learning Techniques. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9486. [PMID: 36502188 PMCID: PMC9738680 DOI: 10.3390/s22239486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Head-mounted displays are virtual reality devices that may be equipped with sensors and cameras to measure a patient's heart rate through facial regions. Heart rate is an essential body signal that can be used to remotely monitor users in a variety of situations. There is currently no study that predicts heart rate using only highlighted facial regions; thus, an adaptation is required for beats per minute predictions. Likewise, there are no datasets containing only the eye and lower face regions, necessitating the development of a simulation mechanism. This work aims to remotely estimate heart rate from facial regions that can be captured by the cameras of a head-mounted display using state-of-the-art EVM-CNN and Meta-rPPG techniques. We developed a region of interest extractor to simulate a dataset from a head-mounted display device using stabilizer and video magnification techniques. Then, we combined support vector machine and FaceMash to determine the regions of interest and adapted photoplethysmography and beats per minute signal predictions to work with the other techniques. We observed an improvement of 188.88% for the EVM and 55.93% for the Meta-rPPG. In addition, both models were able to predict heart rate using only facial regions as input. Moreover, the adapted technique Meta-rPPG outperformed the original work, whereas the EVM adaptation produced comparable results for the photoplethysmography signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Palma Pagano
- Computational Modeling Department, SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Lisboa dos Santos
- Computational Modeling Department, SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Victor Rocha Santos
- Computational Modeling Department, SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paulo H. Miranda Sá
- Computational Modeling Department, SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Yasmin da Silva Bonfim
- Computational Modeling Department, SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Lemos Ortega
- Computational Modeling Department, SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Santos
- HP Inc. Brazil R&D, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Ingrid Winkler
- Department of Management and Industrial Technology, SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Erick G. Sperandio Nascimento
- Department of Management and Industrial Technology, SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Surrey Institute for People-Centred AI, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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Jarczok MN, Weimer K, Braun C, Williams DP, Thayer JF, Gündel HO, Balint EM. Heart rate variability in the prediction of mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of healthy and patient populations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 143:104907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bates ME, Price JL, Leganes-Fonteneau M, Muzumdar N, Piersol K, Frazier I, Buckman JF. The Process of Heart Rate Variability, Resonance at 0.1 hz, and the Three Baroreflex Loops: A Tribute to Evgeny Vaschillo. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2022; 47:327-340. [PMID: 35536496 PMCID: PMC9088144 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-022-09544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marsha E. Bates
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Julianne L. Price
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Neel Muzumdar
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Kelsey Piersol
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Ian Frazier
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
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Sidwell A, Smith SC, Roper C. A comparison of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in vivo exposure studies incorporating chemical analysis. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2022; 25:422-444. [PMID: 36351256 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2022.2142345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The complex, variable mixtures present in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have been well established, and associations between chemical constituents and human health are expanding. In the past decade, there has been an increase in PM2.5 toxicology studies that include chemical analysis of samples. This investigation is a crucial component for identifying the causal constituents for observed adverse health effects following exposure to PM2.5. In this review, investigations of PM2.5 that used both in vivo models were explored and chemical analysis with a focus on respiratory, cardiovascular, central nervous system, reproductive, and developmental toxicity was examined to determine if chemical constituents were considered in the interpretation of the toxicity findings. Comparisons between model systems, PM2.5 characteristics, endpoints, and results were made. A vast majority of studies observed adverse effects in vivo following exposure to PM2.5. While limited, investigations that explored connections between chemical components and measured endpoints noted significant associations between biological measurements and a variety of PM2.5 constituents including elements, ions, and organic/elemental carbon, indicating the need for such analysis. Current limitations in available data, including relatively scarce statistical comparisons between collected toxicity and chemical datasets, are provided. Future progress in this field in combination with epidemiologic research examining chemical composition may support regulatory standards of PM2.5 to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie Sidwell
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Samuel Cole Smith
- Department of Bio-Molecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Courtney Roper
- Department of Bio-Molecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Mississippi, MS, USA
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Fernandes S, Oatman E, Weinberger J, Dixon A, Osei-Owusu P, Hou S. The susceptibility of cardiac arrhythmias after spinal cord crush injury in rats. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114200. [PMID: 35952765 PMCID: PMC9801389 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
High-level spinal cord injury (SCI) often interrupts supraspinal regulation of sympathetic input to the heart. Although it is known that dysregulated autonomic control increases the risk for cardiac disorders, the mechanisms mediating SCI-induced arrhythmias are poorly understood. Here, we employed a rat model of complete spinal cord crush injury at the 2nd/3rd thoracic (T2/3) level to investigate cardiac rhythm disorders resulting from SCI. Rats with T9 injury and naïve animals served as two controls. Four weeks after SCI, rats were implanted with a radio-telemetric device for electrocardiogram and blood pressure monitoring. During 24-h recordings, heart rate variability in rats with T2/3 but not T9 injury exhibited a significant reduction in the time domain, and a decrease in power at low frequency but increased power at high frequency in the frequency domain which indicates reduced sympathetic and increased parasympathetic outflow to the heart. Pharmacological blockade of the sympathetic or parasympathetic branches confirmed the imbalance of cardiac autonomic control. Activation of sympatho-vagal input during the induction of autonomic dysreflexia by colorectal distention triggered various severe arrhythmic events in T2/3 injured rats. Meanwhile, intravenous infusion of the β1-adrenergic receptor agonist, dobutamine, caused greater incidence of arrhythmias in rats with T2/3 injury than naïve and T9 injured controls. Together, the results indicate that high-level SCI increases the susceptibility to developing cardiac arrhythmias likely owing to compromised autonomic homeostasis. The T2/3 crush model is appropriate for studying abnormal cardiac electrophysiology resulting from SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fernandes
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Emily Oatman
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Jeremy Weinberger
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Alethia Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Shaoping Hou
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
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Parrino L, Halasz P, Szucs A, Thomas RJ, Azzi N, Rausa F, Pizzarotti S, Zilioli A, Misirocchi F, Mutti C. Sleep medicine: Practice, challenges and new frontiers. Front Neurol 2022; 13:966659. [PMID: 36313516 PMCID: PMC9616008 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.966659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep medicine is an ambitious cross-disciplinary challenge, requiring the mutual integration between complementary specialists in order to build a solid framework. Although knowledge in the sleep field is growing impressively thanks to technical and brain imaging support and through detailed clinic-epidemiologic observations, several topics are still dominated by outdated paradigms. In this review we explore the main novelties and gaps in the field of sleep medicine, assess the commonest sleep disturbances, provide advices for routine clinical practice and offer alternative insights and perspectives on the future of sleep research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liborio Parrino
- Department of General and Specialized Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Liborio Parrino
| | - Peter Halasz
- Szentagothai János School of Ph.D Studies, Clinical Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Szucs
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert J. Thomas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicoletta Azzi
- Department of General and Specialized Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Rausa
- Department of General and Specialized Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Pizzarotti
- Department of General and Specialized Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zilioli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Misirocchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlotta Mutti
- Department of General and Specialized Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Lucas D, Guerrero F, Jouve E, Hery S, Capellmann P, Mansourati J. Effect of occupational exposure to welding fumes and noise on heart rate variability: An exposed-unexposed study on welders and airport workers' population. Front Public Health 2022; 10:937774. [PMID: 36249234 PMCID: PMC9554501 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.937774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Welding fumes (WF) are a complex mixture of gas and particles. Action of occupational exposure to WF on cardiovascular system has been recently studied as for noise. Research question The main objectives of our study are therefore to evaluate the impact of exposure to WF, noise, and combined WF and noise on autonomic nervous system as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). Methods The study groups were 16 welders and eight airport workers (as a control group). All the participants underwent ambulatory electrocardiogram, personal WF, and noise exposure monitoring, respectively, with dust track and calibrated noise dosimeter during workday. Atmospheric environmental assessments at workplaces have been also performed. HRV parameters were summarized for all the workday and hourly. Correlation tests were used to examine relation between HRV parameters and levels of noise exposure in the two population. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for mean of each HRV parameters. Results For HRV parameters, we found significant higher levels for mean range of high frequency (HF), standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R interval (SDNN), and root mean square of successive heartbeat interval difference (RMSSD) in welders which suggested an imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in this population. For relation between noise and HRV parameters, we noted that levels of low frequency (LF), HF, and SDNN were significantly correlated with mean noise levels for welders (respectively, r = 0.62, r = 0.357, r = 0.48), not in control group. Using ANCOVA, we found that working as a welder significantly increases mean of HF (p = 0.01) and RMSSD (p = 0.02) and decreases in LF/HF (p = 0.008). Indeed, the interaction between exposure to WF and mean noise levels for HF (p = 0.005), LF/HF (p = 0.01), and RMSSD (p = 0.007) was significant. Conclusion This study shows an impact of WF and noise on ANS balance. One hypothesis is WF exposure could increase sensibility to noise exposure on autonomic nervous system or there is a synergic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lucas
- Center of Environmental and Occupational Diseases, Department of Occupational Health, Brest Teaching Hospital, Brest, France,ORPHY Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Occidental Brittany University Brest, Brest, France,*Correspondence: David Lucas
| | - François Guerrero
- ORPHY Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Occidental Brittany University Brest, Brest, France
| | - Emmanuel Jouve
- Carsat Bretagne (Regional Agency of Occupational Health), Department of Occupational Prevention, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Hery
- Occupational Health Service, Department of Occupational Prevention, Naval Group, Brest, France
| | - Pascale Capellmann
- Iroise Occupational Health Service, Department of Occupational Prevention 22 Rue de Kervezennec, Brest, France
| | - Jacques Mansourati
- ORPHY Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Occidental Brittany University Brest, Brest, France,Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Brest Teaching Hospital, Brest, France
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Mediterranean Diet, Interoception and Mental Health: Is it time to look beyond the 'Gut-Brain Axis'? Physiol Behav 2022; 257:113964. [PMID: 36130628 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A Mediterranean style diet (i.e., high in fruit, vegetables, fish, pulses, and wholegrains) is said to benefit psychological health. Many low-level interoceptive processes, such as those involved in the 'gut-brain' axis, are suggested to play a mechanistic role in in this relationship. However, interoceptive sensations in other domains, and at higher hierarchical levels of abstraction, have hitherto been overlooked. One domain often studied in relation to psychological health is cardioception. Therefore, we examined whether the Mediterranean diet was associated with first-order perceptual and second-order metacognitive cardioception. METHODS Participants completed the Heartbeat Detection Task, the Heartbeat Counting Task, and the EPIC-Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire from which diet was quantified. RESULTS Adherence to a Mediterranean style diet was associated with higher cardioceptive accuracy (i.e., perceptual performance) across both tasks. In addition, those consuming a Mediterranean diet had a better ability to detect errors in first order perceptual performance, and a lower prediction error (the magnitude of the difference between accuracy and confidence). DISCUSSION These findings indicated that deepening our understanding of how interoceptive processes beyond the 'gut-brain' axis are shaped by diet could deepen our understanding of the link between diet and mental health and wellbeing.
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Christensen KA, Feeling NR, Rienecke RD. Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Resting-State High-Frequency Heart Rate Variability in Binge-Eating Disorder. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Binge-eating disorder (BED) is associated with a greater risk for cardiac problems and co-occurring health conditions. Resting-state measures of high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), which is a physiological proxy of self-regulatory neural functioning, may aid understanding of health risks. We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the literature on HF-HRV in individuals with BED and without BED. Six studies were reviewed in the qualitative synthesis, and five studies assessing HRV in individuals with BED ( n = 153) and without BED ( n = 124) were included in the meta-analysis. A non-significant effect size (Hedges’ g = .08, SE = 0.36, 95% CI [−0.62, 0.78]; z = 0.23, p = .82) was found, suggesting no difference in HF-HRV between groups. Age, BMI, and BMI-matched control status were not significant covariates. Synthesizing the five studies with available data, we found no difference in resting-state HF-HRV between individuals with and without BED. There was high heterogeneity in the sample, suggesting potential moderators. We discuss potential mechanisms, methodological and demographic confounds, and future directions for study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole R. Feeling
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Renee D. Rienecke
- Eating Recovery Center/Pathlight Mood and Anxiety Centers, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Balint EM, Daniele V, Langgartner D, Reber SO, Rothermund E, Gündel H, Von Wietersheim J, Buckley T, Jarczok MN. Heart rate variability predicts outcome of short-term psychotherapy at the workplace. Psychophysiology 2022; 60:e14150. [PMID: 35867961 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bio-psycho-social model highlights intra-individual and inter-individual interactions, including psychotherapy. The processing of these interactions within a person takes place, among others, in the central autonomic network (CAN). The CAN's autonomic output to the periphery can be indexed by heart rate variability (HRV), representing individual adaptive capacity. Further, the CAN influences the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis with its product cortisol. The aim consisted in investigating HRV and cortisol as well as their relation to symptom course in response to short-term psychotherapy. A single-arm, uncontrolled, explorative study was conducted at an outpatient psychotherapeutic consultation in the workplace offered to employees with mental or psychosomatic complaints. Questionnaires included symptoms of depression, irritation and functional impairment. Circadian profile of HRV and salivary cortisol concentrations collected pre and post short-term psychotherapeutic intervention (4-12 sessions) were assessed. Multilevel-linear mixed regressions were calculated. Out of 29 participants (mean age 42; 72% female), 24% were on sick leave from work. Cortisol concentrations were neither affected by intervention nor by symptom course. The proportion of individuals showing a vagally mediated HRV in the range of the lowest quartile assessed for age- and sex-matched healthy controls was reduced at follow-up (pre 34%, post 22%; p = .017). Higher vagally mediated HRV at baseline predicted lower symptom burden at follow-up. Thus, the results support the assumption that HRV reflects the capability of an organism to adapt and recover. Patients with reduced HRV might need additional psychotherapeutic sessions to achieve the same symptom improvements than patients with retained HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Maria Balint
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Privatklinik Meiringen, Meiringen, Switzerland
| | - Viktorija Daniele
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva Rothermund
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörn Von Wietersheim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Buckley
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marc N Jarczok
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Wu Q, Fang G, Zhao J, Liu J. Effect of Transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation on Fatigue Delay after Medium-Intensity Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127042. [PMID: 35742289 PMCID: PMC9222574 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) on fatigue delay after medium-intensity training. Materials and Methods: Ninety healthy college athletes were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 45) and control group (n = 45). The experimental group received medium-intensity training for a week. After each training, the experimental group received true stimulation of tPCS (continuous 15 min 1.5 mA current intensity stimulation). The control group received sham stimulation. The physiological and biochemical indicators of participants were tested before and after the experiment, and finally 30 participants in each group were included for data analysis. Results: In the experimental group, creatine kinase (CK), cortisol (C), time-domain heart rate variability indices root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN), and frequency domain indicator low frequency (LF) all increased slowly after the intervention. Among these, CK, C, and SDNN values were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Testosterone (T), T/C, and heart rate variability frequency domain indicator high frequency (HF) in the experimental group decreased slowly after the intervention, and the HF value was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The changes in all of the indicators in the experimental group were smaller than those in the control group. Conclusion: The application of tPCS after medium-intensity training enhanced the adaptability to training and had a significant effect on the maintenance of physiological state. The application of tPCS can significantly promote the recovery of autonomic nervous system function, enhance the regulation of parasympathetic nerves, and delay the occurrence of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchang Wu
- College of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China;
| | - Guoliang Fang
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China; (G.F.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiexiu Zhao
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing 100061, China; (G.F.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China;
- Correspondence:
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La Marca R, Pallich G, Holtforth MG, Hochstrasser B. Higher Resting Cardiovagal Activity Predicts Larger Decrease of Depressive Symptoms in Inpatients Treated for Stress-Related Depression. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders, with treatment outcomes generally being unsatisfactory. The identification of outcome predictors could contribute to improving diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. Heart rate variability (HRV), an index of cardiovagal activity, has been proposed as a potential correlate of depression as well as a predictor of treatment effectiveness. The aim of the present study was to examine if HRV at baseline could predict the outcome of inpatient treatment for stress-related depressive disorder (SRDD). Depressive symptoms of n = 57 inpatients with an SRDD, who were treated in a specialized burnout ward, were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at the beginning, the end of treatment, and at 3-month follow-up. HRV (i.e., RMSSD, the root mean square of successive RR interval differences) was determined from a five-minute measurement in the supine position. RMSSD was not significantly associated with the BDI score at the beginning, end, and follow-up. Higher RMSSD was revealed to be a significant predictor of a stronger decrease in depressive severity from the beginning to the end of the treatment. Thereby, the regression model explained 7.6% of the total variance in the BDI decrease. The results revealed initial HRV to predict a larger decrease in depressive severity. Therefore, resting HRV represents a physiological resource and index of successful neurovisceral interaction, which supports inpatients in benefitting from specialized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto La Marca
- Centre for Stress-Related Disorders, Clinica Holistica Engiadina SA, Susch, Switzerland
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gianandrea Pallich
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Private Hospital Meiringen, Switzerland
| | - Martin grosse Holtforth
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Machine Learning Models and Videos of Facial Regions for Estimating Heart Rate: A Review on Patents, Datasets, and Literature. ELECTRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics11091473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Estimating heart rate is important for monitoring users in various situations. Estimates based on facial videos are increasingly being researched because they allow the monitoring of cardiac information in a non-invasive way and because the devices are simpler, as they require only cameras that capture the user’s face. From these videos of the user’s face, machine learning can estimate heart rate. This study investigates the benefits and challenges of using machine learning models to estimate heart rate from facial videos through patents, datasets, and article review. We have searched the Derwent Innovation, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, and Web of Science knowledge bases and identified seven patent filings, eleven datasets, and twenty articles on heart rate, photoplethysmography, or electrocardiogram data. In terms of patents, we note the advantages of inventions related to heart rate estimation, as described by the authors. In terms of datasets, we have discovered that most of them are for academic purposes and with different signs and annotations that allow coverage for subjects other than heartbeat estimation. In terms of articles, we have discovered techniques, such as extracting regions of interest for heart rate reading and using video magnification for small motion extraction, and models, such as EVM-CNN and VGG-16, that extract the observed individual’s heart rate, the best regions of interest for signal extraction, and ways to process them.
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Sinha MK, Maiya GA, Moga AM, K N S, Shankar N R, K V. Exercise dose-response relationship with heart rate variability in individuals with overweight and obesity: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e047821. [PMID: 35470179 PMCID: PMC9039408 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a chronic relapsing disease process and serious public health concern that can lead to chronic diseases, medical complications and a higher risk of disability. Another significant feature of obesity is dysfunction in cardiac autonomic function, which leads to changes in parasympathetic and sympathetic regulation, which can be measured using heart rate variability (HRV). The objective of this review is to estimate the extent to which exercise doses impacts on HRV among individuals living with overweight and obesity class I and II. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic literature search will be performed using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library for articles dating from 1965 to December 2021. Inclusion criteria include studies designed as parallel-arm randomised trials, enrolling adolescent and adult individuals with overweight (body mass index, BMI≥25 to ≤29.9) and obesity (class I BMI: 30-34.9 and class II BMI: 35-39.9) undergoing aerobic or resistance training or concurrent exercise training. For data synthesis, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis and risk of bias assessment, Stata V.13.0 software will be used. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Formal ethical approval is not required. This systematic review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019104154.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Sinha
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - G Arun Maiya
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ana Maria Moga
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shivashankar K N
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical college, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Shankar N
- Department of Biostatistics, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali K
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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