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Ozturk Öztürk DA, Erden Y, Tekin S. Central MOTS-c infusion affects reproductive hormones in obese and non-obese rats. Neurosci Lett 2024; 826:137722. [PMID: 38462167 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, acts as a systemic hormone and MOTS-c level is inversely correlated with markers of obesity. Obesity is a risk factor for male reproductive physiology and is expressed as an important cause of infertility. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of MOTS-c, which has been proven in the hypothalamus and testicles, on the actors involved in the reproductive axis. In the study, 80 male Wistar-Albino rats were divided into two main groups, obese and non-obese (n = 40). Rats in the first main group were fed with fatty diet feed and obesity was induced. The second main group was fed with normal diet feed. Each main group was divided into 4 subgroups (Control, Sham, 10 and 100 µM MOTS-c). The lateral ventricles of the animals in the treatment groups were infused with 10 and 100 µM MOTS-c (solvent in Sham group) for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, hypothalamic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) gene expression level, serum testosterone, Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were determined. MOTS-c infusion caused an increase in GnRH mRNA, protein expression levels and serum testosterone, LH and FSH levels in obese and non-obese rats (p < 0.05). MOTS-c administration more significantly upregulated hormone levels in non-obese rats (p < 0.05). MOTS-c administration increases these hormones, suggesting that MOTS-c may stimulate the reproductive axis. Our results reveal that MOTS-c plays a role in the central regulation of reproduction, as well as causes increased LH, FSH and testosterone release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yavuz Erden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey.
| | - Suat Tekin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
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2
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Ruggiero-Ruff RE, Le BH, Villa PA, Lainez NM, Athul SW, Das P, Ellsworth BS, Coss D. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Identifies Pituitary Gland Changes in Diet-Induced Obesity in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqad196. [PMID: 38146776 PMCID: PMC10791142 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Obesity leads to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes, as well as endocrine alterations, reproductive disorders, changes in basal metabolism, and stress hormone production, all of which are regulated by the pituitary. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of pituitary glands from male mice fed control and high-fat diet (HFD) to determine obesity-mediated changes in pituitary cell populations and gene expression. We determined that HFD exposure is associated with dramatic changes in somatotrope and lactotrope populations, by increasing the proportion of somatotropes and decreasing the proportion of lactotropes. Fractions of other hormone-producing cell populations remained unaffected. Gene expression changes demonstrated that in HFD, somatotropes became more metabolically active, with increased expression of genes associated with cellular respiration, and downregulation of genes and pathways associated with cholesterol biosynthesis. Despite a lack of changes in gonadotrope fraction, genes important in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone production were significantly downregulated. Corticotropes and thyrotropes were the least affected in HFD, while melanotropes exhibited reduced proportion. Lastly, we determined that changes in plasticity and gene expression were associated with changes in hormone levels. Serum prolactin was decreased corresponding to reduced lactotrope fraction, while lower luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the serum corresponded to a decrease in transcription and translation. Taken together, our study highlights diet-mediated changes in pituitary gland populations and gene expression that play a role in altered hormone levels in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Ruggiero-Ruff
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Brandon H Le
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Pedro A Villa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nancy M Lainez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Sandria W Athul
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Pratyusa Das
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Buffy S Ellsworth
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Pourghazi F, Eslami M, Mohammadi S, Ghoreshi R, Ejtahed HS, Qorbani M. Association between childhood obesity and infertility in later life: a systematic review of cohort studies. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:235. [PMID: 37875830 PMCID: PMC10594820 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global prevalence of childhood obesity has exhibited a troubling surge in recent years. Due to the raised questions regarding its potential correlation with infertility in adulthood, this systematic review has been undertaken to explore the relationships between childhood obesity, and infertility later in life. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed in three international databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus). All cohort (retrospective or prospective), case-cohort, and nested case-control studies until April 2022 which assessed the association of obesity in children and adolescents with male and female infertility indicators in later life were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment checklists. RESULT Out of the initial 32,501 documents, eleven eligible studies with a total sample size of 498,980 participants were included. Five studies focused on the number of offspring and indicated that obesity, especially in adolescence had an association with later life lower number of children, nulliparity, and childlessness in both men and women. Concerning conceiving problems, two studies showed that obesity before age 12 increased the risk of female fertility problems in the future. Two studies reported that obesity in early life raised the risk of impaired female reproductive system such as menstrual or ovulatory problems. As well as females, a study discovered that obesity in men during their 20s was linked to an elevated risk of low sperm motility and poor sperm morphology. Another study has reported men with higher pre-pubertal BMI had lower sex hormone-binding globulin; however, the same association was not seen between childhood BMI and semen quality. CONCLUSION The evidence suggests a positive association between childhood obesity with infertility indicators in later life. Childhood weight reduction strategies are suggested to be implemented in societies in order to reduce infertility rates in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Pourghazi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maysa Eslami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sammy Mohammadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghoreshi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Laru J, Ojaniemi M, Franks S, Järvelin MR, Korhonen E, Piltonen TT, Sebert S, Tapanainen JS, Morin-Papunen L. An optimal growth pattern during pregnancy and early childhood associates with better fertility in men. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 187:847-858. [PMID: 36227734 PMCID: PMC9716397 DOI: 10.1530/eje-22-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the association between birth weight (BW), childhood and adolescent BMI, with reproductive capacity in men. DESIGN A prospective, population-based cohort study (Northern Finland birth cohort 1966). METHODS Around 6196 men born in 1966 were followed from birth to age 50 years. Weight and height were measured repeatedly by professionals. Reproductive capacity (infertility assessment, male factor infertility and infertility treatment by age 46 years) was evaluated by questionnaires at ages 31 and 46 years. The number of children by the age of 50 years was recovered from registers. After excluding the men who reported never having attempted to have children or not answering the question at age 31 or 46 years (n = 2041), 4128 men were included in the final study population. Results were adjusted for BW, BW for gestational age (GA), mother's smoking status, marital status, educational level and smoking status. RESULTS Being small for GA (10.5% vs 8.2%, P = 0.012) or having a lower BW (3495 g vs 3548 g, P = 0.003) were associated with childlessness. The association was however no longer significant after adjusting for marital status. Being underweight in early childhood was associated with an increased risk of infertility assessment (adjusted, aOR: 2.04(1.07-3.81)) and childlessness (aOR: 1.47(1.01-2.17)) compared to the normal weight group. Conversely, overweight or obesity in early childhood was associated with a decreased risk of infertility assessment (aOR: 0.60 (0.41-0.87)), treatment (aOR: 0.42 (0.25-0.70)) and male factor infertility (aOR: 0.45 (0.21-0.97)). BMI in mid-childhood or puberty had no association with infertility or childlessness. CONCLUSION In boys, an optimal growth trajectory during pregnancy and early childhood seems to be very important for life-long fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Laru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja Ojaniemi
- Department of Children and Adolescents, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
| | - Stephen Franks
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to S Franks;
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, UK
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elisa Korhonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laure Morin-Papunen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
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Wu M, Huang Y, Zhu Q, Zhu X, Xue L, Xiong J, Chen Y, Wu C, Guo Y, Li Y, Wu M, Wang S. Adipose tissue and ovarian aging: Potential mechanism and protective strategies. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101683. [PMID: 35817297 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian aging occurs approximately 10 years prior to the natural age-associated functional decline of other organ systems. With the increase of life expectancy worldwide, ovarian aging has gradually become a key health problem among women. Therefore, understanding the causes and molecular mechanisms of ovarian aging is very essential for the inhibition of age-related diseases and the promotion of health and longevity in women. Recently, studies have revealed an association between adipose tissue (AT) and ovarian aging. Alterations in the function and quantity of AT have profound consequences on ovarian function because AT is central for follicular development, lipid metabolism, and hormonal regulation. Moreover, the interplay between AT and the ovary is bidirectional, with ovary-derived signals directly affecting AT biology. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the complex molecular mechanisms controlling the crosstalk between the AT and ovarian aging, and further discuss how therapeutic targeting of the AT can delay ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yibao Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Liru Xue
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jiaqiang Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chuqing Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yican Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yinuo Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Mingfu Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Shixuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Gallo A. Reprotoxic Impact of Environment, Diet, and Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1303. [PMID: 35162326 PMCID: PMC8834893 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive health is progressively declining due to multiples endogenous and exogenous factors, such as environmental contaminants, diet and behavior. Accumulated evidences confirm that fertility and reproductive function have been adversely affected by exposure to chemical contaminants released in the environment. Today, the impact of diet and behavior on reproductive processes is also receiving special attention from the scientific community. Indeed, a close relationship between diet and fertility has been proven. Furthermore, a combination of unhealthy behavior, such as exposure to hazardous compounds and stress factors, poses living organisms at higher risk of reprotoxic effects. In particular, it has been described that poor life behaviors are associated with reduced male and female fertility due to decreased gamete quality and function. Most of the erroneous behaviors are, furthermore, a source of oxidative stress that, leading to epigenetic alterations, results in an impaired reproductive fitness. This review reports the detrimental impact of the most common environmental chemical stressors, diet, and behavior on reproductive functionality and success. Although clear evidences are still scarce, reassuring data are provided that a healthy diet and reverting unhealthy lifestyles may be of help to recover physiological reproductive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
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Laru J, Nedelec R, Koivuaho E, Ojaniemi M, Järvelin MR, Tapanainen JS, Franks S, Tolvanen M, Piltonen TT, Sebert S, Morin-Papunen L. BMI in childhood and adolescence is associated with impaired reproductive function-a population-based cohort study from birth to age 50 years. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:2948-2961. [PMID: 34364312 PMCID: PMC8643422 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the association between childhood and adolescent BMI and reproductive capacity in women? SUMMARY ANSWER Adolescent girls with obesity had an increased risk of infertility and childlessness in adulthood independently of their marital status or the presence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Girls with obesity (BMI (kg/m2)>95th percentile) more often exhibit menstrual irregularities and infertility problems as compared to those with normal weight, and premenarcheal girls with obesity have an increased risk of childlessness and infertility in adulthood. Follow-up studies on the relation between childhood and adolescence growth patterns and fertility or parity throughout the reproductive life span are limited. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A prospective, population-based cohort study (the Northern Finland birth cohort 1966) was performed with 5889 women born in 1966 and followed from birth to age 50 years. Postal questionnaires at ages 31 and 46 years addressed questions on reproductive capacity evaluated by decreased fecundability, need for infertility assessment and treatment by 46 years of age. Childlessness and number of children by age 50 years were recovered from registers. Women who did not report ever having attempted to achieve pregnancy (n = 1507) were excluded. The final study population included 4382 women who attempted to achieve pregnancy before age 46 years. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Data on BMI were collected by trained personnel at all stages. We assessed association with both prospectively measured BMI at various time points and with early adiposity phenotypes derived from linear mixed models including the timing and the BMI at adiposity peak (AP) and adiposity rebound (AR). Self-reported infertility assessments and treatments were assessed at ages 31 and 46 years. Data on deliveries were collected from the national birth register. Decreased fecundability was defined at age 31 years as time to achieve pregnancy over 12 months. Logistic regression analyses were conducted with adjustments for marital status, education level and smoking at age 31 years. Women with PCOS were excluded from stratification-based sensitivity analyses. Obesity at a specific age group was defined by having at least one BMI value above the 95th percentile during the related period. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE BMI at the age of AR (5-7 years) was not associated with fertility outcomes after adjustments, but girls with AR <5.1 years had a higher risk of remaining childless compared to girls with AR over 5.1 years (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.45 (1.10-1.92)). At ages 7-10 and 11-15 years, obesity was associated with decreased fecundability (adjusted OR 2.05 (1.26-3.35) and 2.04 (1.21-3.44), respectively) and a lower number of children. At age 11-15 years, both overweight and obesity were associated with a higher risk of childlessness (adjusted OR 1.56 (1.06-2.27), 1.77 (1.02-3.07), respectively), even after excluding women with PCOS. Underweight at age 11-15 years was associated with an increased risk for infertility treatment (adjusted OR 1.55 (1.02-2.36)) and a tendency for an increased risk for infertility assessment (adjusted OR 1.43 (0.97-2.10)) after excluding women with PCOS. LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION Despite a high participation rate throughout the follow-up, some growth data for children over the different age groups were missing. Infertility outcomes were self-reported. A potential over-diagnosis of obesity may have reduced the significance of the association between childhood obesity and fertility outcomes, and the diagnosis of PCOS was self-reported. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study supports previous results showing that girls with obesity in late childhood and in adolescence displayed reduced fertility and an increased risk of remaining childless in adulthood, independently of marital history and PCOS in adulthood. These findings corroborate the body of evidence for a causal relation between early adiposity and the reproductive functions in women. We recommend reinforcing the prevention of obesity in school-age girls to reduce the risk of impaired reproductive functions. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) NFBC1966 received financial support from University of Oulu Grant no. 65354, Oulu University Hospital Grant no. 2/97, 8/97, Ministry of Health and Social Affairs Grant no. 23/251/97, 160/97, 190/97, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki Grant no. 54121, Regional Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland Grant no. 50621, 54231. The Finnish Medical Foundation, the North Ostrobothnia Regional Fund, the Academy of Finland (project grants 315921, 104781, 120315, 129269, 1114194, 24300796), Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics and SALVE, the Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Biocenter Oulu, University Hospital Oulu and University of Oulu (75617), Jalmari ja Rauha Ahokkaan säätiö, The Finnish Medical Foundation, Medical Research Center Oulu, National Institute for Health Research (UK). M. R. J., S. S. and R. N. received funding by the Academy of Finland (#268336) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (under Grant agreement no. 633595 for the DynaHEALTH action and GA 733206 for LifeCycle). The funders had no role in study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, in the writing of the article and in the decision to submit it for publication. The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Grants
- 54121 Department of Health
- Medical Research Council
- University of Oulu
- Oulu University Hospital
- Ministry of Health and Social Affairs
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki
- Regional Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland
- The Finnish Medical Foundation, the North Ostrobothnia Regional Fund, the Academy of Finland
- Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics and SALVE, the Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Biocenter Oulu, University Hospital Oulu and University of Oulu
- Jalmari ja Rauha Ahokkaan säätiö
- The Finnish Medical Foundation, Medical Research Center Oulu, National Institute for Health Research (UK)
- Academy of Finland
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
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Affiliation(s)
- J Laru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
| | - R Nedelec
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - E Koivuaho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Ojaniemi
- Department of Children and Adolescents, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
| | - M -R Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Franks
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Tolvanen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - T T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
| | - S Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - L Morin-Papunen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland
- Correspondence address. PEDEGO Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, BOX 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland. Tel: +358 8 3154109; E-mail: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5987-7534
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Stopa LRS, de Souza CF, Martins AB, Lopes GM, Costa NO, Gerardin DCC, de Carvalho GG, Zaia DAM, Zaia CTBV, Uchoa ET, Leite CM. Neonatal overfeeding reduces estradiol plasma levels and disrupts noradrenergic-kisspeptin-GnRH pathway and fertility in adult female rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 524:111147. [PMID: 33388353 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the effects of neonatal overfeeding, induced by litter size reduction, on fertility and the noradrenaline-kisspeptin-gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) pathway in adult female rats. The litter size was adjusted to 3 pups with each mother in the small litters (SL) and 10 pups with each mother in the normal litters (NL). SL females exhibited metabolic changes associated with reproductive dysfunctions, shown by earlier vaginal opening and first estrus, later regular cyclicity onset, and lower and higher occurrences of estrus and diestrus phases, respectively, as well as reduced fertility, estradiol plasma levels, and mRNA expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase in the locus coeruleus, kisspeptin, and GnRH in the preoptic area in adult females in the afternoon of proestrus. These results suggest that neonatal overfeeding in female rats promotes reproductive dysfunctions in adulthood, such as lower estradiol plasma levels associated with impairments in fertility and noradrenaline-kisspeptin-GnRH pathway during positive feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Rugila S Stopa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila F de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Andressa B Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Nathália O Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela C Ceccatto Gerardin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Giovana Gomes de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Cássia Thaïs B V Zaia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ernane Torres Uchoa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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9
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Vieira APP, Santa Cruz F, Machado Júnior AS, Ferraz ÁAB, Kreimer F. Evaluation of the Quality of Life in Women of Reproductive Age After Bariatric Surgery. Bariatr Surg Pract Patient Care 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/bari.2019.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Flávio Kreimer
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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10
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Barabás K, Szabó-Meleg E, Ábrahám IM. Effect of Inflammation on Female Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons: Mechanisms and Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020529. [PMID: 31947687 PMCID: PMC7014424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
: Inflammation has a well-known suppressive effect on fertility. The function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, the central regulator of fertility is substantially altered during inflammation in females. In our review we discuss the latest results on how the function of GnRH neurons is modified by inflammation in females. We first address the various effects of inflammation on GnRH neurons and their functional consequences. Second, we survey the possible mechanisms underlying the inflammation-induced actions on GnRH neurons. The role of several factors will be discerned in transmitting inflammatory signals to the GnRH neurons: cytokines, kisspeptin, RFamide-related peptides, estradiol and the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway. Since aging and obesity are both characterized by reproductive decline our review also focuses on the mechanisms and pathophysiological consequences of the impact of inflammation on GnRH neurons in aging and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Barabás
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Edina Szabó-Meleg
- Departement of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - István M. Ábrahám
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
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11
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Sasaki RSA, Approbato MS, Maia MCS, Ferreira EABFE, Zanluchi N. Ovulatory status of overweight women without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. JBRA Assist Reprod 2019; 23:2-6. [PMID: 30614235 PMCID: PMC6364286 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20180071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Obesity is one of the extra hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis factors that
can influence ovulation. The isolated impact of obesity on ovulation without
other comorbidities needs to be further studied. Our goal is to evaluate the
association between the anovulation in the ultrasonographic monitoring of
the ovulation cycle and the body mass increase of infertile patients without
polycystic ovaries of a university service. Methods: Case-control study performed at the Human Reproduction Laboratory of the
University Hospital. We evaluated 1,356 ultrasound monitoring reports of
ovulation between January 2011 and December 2015. We named case those
patients who ovulated on the monitored cycle. After applying the exclusion
criteria, we consolidated a total of 110 cases and 118 controls. The
exposure variables were normal BMI or patients classified with a BMI above
normal. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0. Differences in
proportions were assessed by X2 test Pearson, Fisher and Wilcoxon
test. The value of p<0.05 was considered statistically
significant. Results: The groups were comparable in age, age at menarche, number of pregnancies,
deliveries, cesarean sections and abortions, number of antral follicles,
FSH, prolactin and TSH values. Among the anovulatory patients, 57 (51.82%)
were overweight, while among ovulatory patients, 44 (37.29%) were in this
same BMI category. The odds ratio was 1.8655, with a significant p value
(p<0.05). Conclusion: There was an association between anovulation and increase in the Body Mass
Index, with an increased risk of anovulation in patients with BMI above
normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo S A Sasaki
- Assisted Reproduction Laboratory - Hospital das Clínicas - Federal University of Goiás
| | - Mário S Approbato
- Assisted Reproduction Laboratory - Hospital das Clínicas - Federal University of Goiás
| | - Mônica C S Maia
- Assisted Reproduction Laboratory - Hospital das Clínicas - Federal University of Goiás
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12
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Lainez NM, Coss D. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Represses GnRH Gene Expression via cFOS during Inflammation in Male Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 108:291-307. [PMID: 30630179 PMCID: PMC6561803 DOI: 10.1159/000496754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms whereby neuroinflammation negatively affects neuronal function in the hypothalamus are not clear. Our previous study determined that obesity-mediated chronic inflammation elicits sex-specific impairment in reproductive function via reduction in spine density in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Neuroinflammation and subsequent decrease in GnRH neuron spine density was specific for male mice, while protection in females was independent of ovarian estrogens. METHODS To examine if neuroinflammation-induced cytokines can directly regulate GnRH gene expression, herein we examined signaling pathways and mechanisms in males in vivo and in GnRH-expressing cell line, GT1-7. RESULTS GnRH neurons express cytokine receptors, and chronic or acute neuroinflammation represses GnRH gene expression in vivo. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in particular represses GnRH expression in GT1-7 cells, while other cytokines do not. STAT3 and MAPK pathways are activated following LIF treatment, but only MAPK pathway, specifically p38α, is sufficient to repress the GnRH gene. LIF induces cFOS that represses the GnRH gene via the -1,793 site in the enhancer region. In vivo, following high-fat diet, cFOS is induced in GnRH neurons and neurons juxtaposed to the leaky blood brain barrier of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, but not in the neurons further away. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the increase in LIF due to neuroinflammation induces cFOS and represses the GnRH gene. Therefore, in addition to synaptic changes in GnRH neurons, neuroinflammatory cytokines directly regulate gene expression and reproductive function, and the specificity for neuronal targets may stem from the proximity to the fenestrated capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Lainez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA,
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13
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Gaskins AJ. Recent advances in understanding the relationship between long- and short-term weight change and fertility. F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 30416711 PMCID: PMC6206616 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15278.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of excess body weight on fertility is well recognized among both women attempting to conceive spontaneously and those attempting to conceive with medical assistance. Although many leading societies of reproductive medicine have proposed weight loss as a means to counteract the negative consequences of obesity on fertility, there is limited research on this topic. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the recent advances in the literature focused on how long- and short-term weight change affects fertility among women. Overall, despite initial hope that weight loss may be beneficial for fertility, two large well-conducted randomized controlled trials have consistently shown that short-term weight loss among overweight and obese women undergoing infertility treatment does not improve a woman's probability of live birth. The observational evidence among women attempting to conceive without medical assistance also suggests limited benefits of weight loss on fecundity or pregnancy loss. In contrast, substantial weight gain between consecutive pregnancies, in the year prior to pregnancy attempt, and throughout adulthood appears to be harmful for not only time to pregnancy but also pregnancy maintenance. Future research focused on efforts to prevent weight gain during adulthood is needed to better understand whether these types of interventions may have beneficial effects on fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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14
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Lainez NM, Jonak CR, Nair MG, Ethell IM, Wilson EH, Carson MJ, Coss D. Diet-Induced Obesity Elicits Macrophage Infiltration and Reduction in Spine Density in the Hypothalami of Male but Not Female Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1992. [PMID: 30254630 PMCID: PMC6141693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing prevalence in obesity has become a significant public concern. C57BL/6J mice are prone to diet-induced obesity (DIO) when fed high-fat diet (HFD), and develop chronic inflammation and metabolic syndrome, making them a good model to analyze mechanisms whereby obesity elicits pathologies. DIO mice demonstrated profound sex differences in response to HFD with respect to inflammation and hypothalamic function. First, we determined that males are prone to DIO, while females are resistant. Ovariectomized females, on the other hand, are susceptible to DIO, implying protection by ovarian hormones. Males, but not females, exhibit changes in hypothalamic neuropeptide expression. Surprisingly, ovariectomized females remain resistant to neuroendocrine changes, showing that ovarian hormones are not necessary for protection. Second, obese mice exhibit sex differences in DIO-induced inflammation. Microglial activation and peripheral macrophage infiltration is seen in the hypothalami of males, while females are protected from the increase in inflammatory cytokines and do not exhibit microglia morphology changes nor monocyte-derived macrophage infiltration, regardless of the presence of ovarian hormones. Strikingly, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 is increased in the hypothalami of females but not males. Third, this study posits a potential mechanism of obesity-induced impairment of hypothalamic function whereby obese males exhibit reduced levels of synaptic proteins in the hypothalamus and fewer spines in GnRH neurons, located in the areas exhibiting macrophage infiltration. Our studies suggest that inflammation-induced synaptic remodeling is potentially responsible for hypothalamic impairment that may contribute to diminished levels of gonadotropin hormones, testosterone, and sperm numbers, which we observe and corresponds to the observations in obese humans. Taken together, our data implicate neuro-immune mechanisms underlying sex-specific differences in obesity-induced impairment of the hypothalamic function with potential consequences for reproduction and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Lainez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Carrie R Jonak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Emma H Wilson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Monica J Carson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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15
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He Y, Tian J, Oddy WH, Dwyer T, Venn AJ. Association of childhood obesity with female infertility in adulthood: a 25-year follow-up study. Fertil Steril 2018; 110:596-604.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Jacobs MB, Bazzano LA, Pridjian G, Harville EW. Childhood adiposity and fertility difficulties: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12:477-484. [PMID: 27350648 PMCID: PMC5589511 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult obesity is associated with infertility; however, childhood obesity has received little consideration. OBJECTIVES The present study sought to evaluate the impact of childhood adiposity on fertility. METHODS Associations between childhood adiposity and self-reported fertility difficulties were estimated among women participating in a long-term study of cardiovascular risks and reproductive health (n = 1061). RESULTS Participants with obesity between ages 9 and 12 were more likely to report fertility difficulties (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.82, 95% CI 1.17-2.82) and inability to become pregnant when trying (aRR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.22-3.08) as were those with obesity prior to age 9 (aRR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.04-2.97). Similar associations were seen among those ever overweight or obese in childhood. High subscapular skinfold thickness (age < 12) increased risk of receiving help becoming pregnant (aRR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.15-4.06), inability to become pregnant (aRR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.05-2.04) and any fertility difficulties (aRR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.13-2.14); associations for triceps skinfold were attenuated. Participants with increased adiposity also had fewer pregnancies and live births. Effects persisted, excluding women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. CONCLUSIONS This study supports an association between childhood adiposity and infertility, not solely driven by polycystic ovarian syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Jacobs
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA,Department of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children’s National Health System, Children’s Research Institute, Washington, USA
| | - L. A. Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - G. Pridjian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - E. W. Harville
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, USA
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Schreiber AL, Arceneaux KP, Malbrue RA, Mouton AJ, Chen CS, Bench EM, Braymer HD, Primeaux SD. The effects of high fat diet and estradiol on hypothalamic prepro-QRFP mRNA expression in female rats. Neuropeptides 2016; 58:103-9. [PMID: 26823127 PMCID: PMC4960001 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) is a potent regulator of feeding behavior, body weight and adiposity in females. The hypothalamic neuropeptide, QRFP, is an orexigenic peptide that increases the consumption of high fat diet (HFD) in intact female rats. Therefore, the goal of the current series of studies was to elucidate the effects of E2 on the expression of hypothalamic QRFP and its receptors, QRFP-r1 and QRFP-r2, in female rats fed a HFD. Alterations in prepro-QRFP, QRFP-r1, and QRFP-r2 expression across the estrous cycle, following ovariectomy (OVX) and following estradiol benzoate (EB) treatment were assessed in the ventral medial nucleus of the hypothalamus/arcuate nucleus (VMH/ARC) and the lateral hypothalamus. In intact females, consumption of HFD increased prepro-QRFP and QRFP-r1 mRNA levels in the VMH/ARC during diestrus, a phase associated with increased food intake and low levels of E2. To assess the effects of diminished endogenous E2, rats were ovariectomized. HFD consumption and OVX increased prepro-QRFP mRNA in the VMH/ARC. Ovariectomized rats consuming HFD expressed the highest levels of QRFP. In the third experiment, all rats received EB replacement every 4days following OVX to examine the effects of E2 on QRFP expression. Prepro-QRFP, QRFP-r1 and QRFP-r2 mRNA were assessed prior to and following EB administration. EB replacement significantly reduced prepro-QRFP mRNA expression in the VMH/ARC. Overall these studies support a role for E2 in the regulation of prepro-QRFP mRNA in the VMH/ARC and suggest that E2's effects on food intake may be via a direct effect on the orexigenic peptide, QRFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson L Schreiber
- Department of Physiology, 1901 Perdido Street, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kenneth P Arceneaux
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Raphael A Malbrue
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Alan J Mouton
- Department of Physiology, 1901 Perdido Street, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Christina S Chen
- Joint Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Program, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Elias M Bench
- Joint Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Program, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - H Douglas Braymer
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Stefany D Primeaux
- Department of Physiology, 1901 Perdido Street, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Joint Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Program, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether weight change since age 18 years, current body mass index (BMI), and BMI at age 18 years are associated with fecundity. METHODS Our study included 1,950 women in the Nurses' Health Study 3 (2010-2014), a prospective cohort study, currently attempting pregnancy. Height, current weight, and weight at age 18 years were self-reported on the baseline questionnaire. Every 3-6 months thereafter, women reported the current duration of their pregnancy attempt. Multivariable-accelerated failure time models were used to estimate the time ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS For every 5-kg increase in body weight from age 18 years, current duration of pregnancy attempt increased by 5% (95% CI 3-7%). Compared with women who maintained weight, the adjusted median current duration was 0.5 months shorter in those who lost weight, 0.3 months longer for those who gained 4-9.9 kg and 10-19.9 kg, and 1.4 months longer for those who gained 20 kg or more (P trend ≤.001). The adjusted time ratio (95% CI) for a 5-kg/m increase in current BMI was 1.08 (1.04-1.12). After multivariable adjustment (including adjustment for current BMI), being underweight at age 18 years (BMI less than 18.5) was associated with a longer current duration of pregnancy attempt compared with normal-weight women (time ratio 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.47); however, being overweight or obese at age 18 years was not associated with fecundity. CONCLUSION Gaining weight in adulthood, being overweight or obese in adulthood, and being underweight at age 18 years were associated with a modest reduction in fecundity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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SAJJAD S, TOBASSUM S, FAROOQ U, MALIK H, IDRIS M. Effects of naloxone and yohimbine in polycystic ovary syndrome: a rabbit model study. Turk J Med Sci 2016; 46:1265-70. [DOI: 10.3906/sag-1412-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Abstract
The purpose of this ASRM Practice Committee report is to provide clinicians with principles and strategies for the evaluation and treatment of couples with infertility associated with obesity. This revised document replaces the Practice Committee document titled, "Obesity and reproduction: an educational bulletin," last published in 2008 (Fertil Steril 2008;90:S21-9).
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Rastogi S, Rojas M, Rastogi D, Haberman S. Neonatal morbidities among full-term infants born to obese mothers. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 28:829-35. [PMID: 24939628 PMCID: PMC5408453 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.935324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impact of maternal obesity on full-term neonates is not known. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized increased incidence of neonatal morbidities requiring NICU admission in full-term neonates of obese women compared to neonates of normal-weight women. METHODS Data from full-term pregnancies collected in the Consortium of Safe Labor study were analyzed. Maternal BMI was classified using the WHO criteria. Incidence of neonatal outcomes including sepsis, PDA, NEC, respiratory distress, or their combination were compared between newborns of obese and normal-weight women. RESULTS Of the 109 488 women included in the study, 17.7% were obese. Maternal co-morbidities (diabetes, gestational diabetes, hypertension, and preeclampsia) increased with increasing maternal BMI. Both maternal obesity and its related co-morbidities were associated with higher incidence of neonatal morbidities. After adjusting for maternal comorbidities, there was a higher incidence of sepsis (AOR 1.91(1.45-2.50)), and combination of any of the neonatal outcomes (AOR 1.66(1.32-2.09)) among newborns of obese women than those of normal-weight women, along with an increased trend for incidence of PDA (Cochran-Armitage Test (CA) = 23.1, p < 0.0001) and NEC (CA = 7.2, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Maternal obesity is independently associated with increased incidence of neonatal sepsis and a combination of neonatal morbidities in full-term newborns with an increased trend for PDA and NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Rastogi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Mary Rojas
- Division of Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Deepa Rastogi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Shoshana Haberman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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22
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Zhou XL, Xu JJ, Ni YH, Chen XC, Zhang HX, Zhang XM, Liu WJ, Luo LL, Fu YC. SIRT1 activator (SRT1720) improves the follicle reserve and prolongs the ovarian lifespan of diet-induced obesity in female mice via activating SIRT1 and suppressing mTOR signaling. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:97. [PMID: 25330910 PMCID: PMC4232623 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-014-0097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide and significantly affects fertility and reproduction in both men and women. Our recent study has shown that excess body fat accelerates ovarian follicle development and follicle loss in rats. The aim of the present study is to explore the effect of SIRT1 activator SRT1720 on the reserve of ovarian follicle pool and ovarian lifespan of obese mice and the underlying mechanism associated with SIRT1 and mTOR signaling. METHODS Adult female Kunming mice (n = 36) were randomly divided into three groups: the normal control (NC) group (n = 8), the caloric restriction (CR) group (fed 70% food of the NC group, n = 8) and the high-fat diet (HF) group (fed a rodent chow containing 20% fat, n = 20). After 4 months, the HF mice were further randomly divided into three groups: the control high-fat diet (CHF, n = 8) group (treated every day with an intraperitoneal injection of vehicle), the SRT1720 (SRT, n = 6) group (treated every other day with an intraperitoneal injection of SRT1720 (50 mg/kg)), the SRT1720 and nicotinamide (NAM, n = 6) group (treated every other day with an intraperitoneal injection of SRT1720 (50 mg/kg) and every day with an intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (100 mg/kg)). After 6 weeks of treatment, ovaries were harvested for histological and Western blotting analyses. RESULTS The body weight, ovary weight and visceral fat in the SRT group were significantly lower than those in the CHF group at the end of treatment. Histological analysis showed that the SRT mice had significantly greater number and percentage of primordial follicles, but lower number and percentage of corpora lutea and atretic follicles than the CHF mice and NAM mice. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the levels of SIRT1, SIRT6, FOXO3a and NRF-1 protein expression significantly increased in the ovaries of SRT mice, whereas those of mTORC1, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K, NFκB and p53 decreased compared to the CHF and NAM mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that SRT1720 may improve the follicle pool reserve in HF diet-induced obese female mice via activating SIRT1 signaling and suppressing mTOR signaling, thus extending the ovarian lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-Jie Xu
- Laboratory of Cell Senescence, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Rd, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Hong Ni
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Chun Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Xia Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing-Mei Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, 516001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Juan Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Li Luo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Cai Fu
- Laboratory of Cell Senescence, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Rd, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, People's Republic of China.
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Weight loss is a useful therapeutic objective. Can J Cardiol 2014; 31:211-5. [PMID: 25661556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight/obesity has been associated with increased risk for several conditions, including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and stroke. The morbidity associated with overweight and obesity translates into excess mortality risk, which is observed even when increased weight is not associated with metabolic abnormalities. The achievement of moderate weight loss, regardless of the treatment strategy, is associated with favorable clinical outcomes, including significant reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes and blood pressure levels. These data suggest that weight loss might be a useful therapeutic objective in the prevention and management of comorbidities associated with overweight/obesity.
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Schisterman EF, Mumford SL, Browne RW, Barr DB, Chen Z, Louis GMB. Lipid concentrations and couple fecundity: the LIFE study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:2786-94. [PMID: 24846535 PMCID: PMC4121020 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A role of lipids in human fecundity is hypothesized as cholesterol is the main substrate for steroid synthesis and has also been shown to affect the hormonal milieu and steroidogenesis in both men and women. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between male and female serum lipid concentrations and time to pregnancy (TTP). DESIGN/SETTING A population-based prospective cohort study recruiting couples from 16 counties in Michigan and Texas (2005-2009) using sampling frameworks allowing for identification of couples planning pregnancy in the near future. PARTICIPANTS Five hundred one couples desiring pregnancy and discontinuing contraception were followed up for 12 months or until a human chorionic gonadotropin pregnancy was detected. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES Fecundability odds ratios (FORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated after adjusting for age, body mass index, race, and education in relationship to female, male, and joint couple lipid concentrations. RESULTS Serum free cholesterol levels were higher on average among male and female partners of couples who did not became pregnant during the study follow-up (female, P = .04; male, P = .009), and levels in female partners were associated with significantly longer TTP in models based on both individual and couples concentrations (individual models: FOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99; couple models: FOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99). Male free cholesterol concentrations were associated with TTP only in the couple-based models (FOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97, 0.99). Sensitivity analyses suggested that the observed associations are unlikely to be explained by potential unmeasured confounding such as diet. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that serum free cholesterol concentrations in both men and women have an effect on TTP, highlighting the importance of cholesterol and lipid homeostasis for male and female fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique F Schisterman
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research (E.F.S., S.L.M., Z.C., G.M.B.L.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, Maryland 20852; Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences (R.W.B.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214; and Rollins School of Public Health (D.B.B.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Musella M, Milone M, Gaudioso D, Bianco P, Palumbo R, Galloro G, Bellini M, Milone F. A decade of bariatric surgery. What have we learned? Outcome in 520 patients from a single institution. Int J Surg 2014; 12 Suppl 1:S183-8. [PMID: 24861545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today a variety of bariatric surgical procedures is available and, currently, it is difficult to identify the most effective option based on patient characteristics and comorbidities. Aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy of four different techniques; Intragastric Balloon (IB), Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB), Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) and Laparoscopic Mini Gastric Bypass (LMGB), performed in our unit along ten years. PATIENTS AND METHODS Starting from January 2005, 520 patients, 206 men (39.6%) and 314 women (60.4%) were treated at our institution. Among patients candidate to bariatric surgery 145 underwent IB, 120 underwent LAGB, 175 underwent LSG and 80 underwent LMGB. Follow up rate was 93.1% for IB at 6 months; 74.1% and 48% for LAGB at 36 and 60 months respectively; 72.8% and 58.1% for LSG at 36 and 60 months respectively; and 84.2% for LMGB at 36 months. RESULTS The period 2005-2014 has been considered. Mortality was 1/520 patients (0.19%). The excess weight loss rate (EWL%) has been 32.8 for IB at six months, 53.7 for LAGB and 68.1 for LSG, at 60 months respectively and 79.5 for LMGB at 36 months. Early major postoperative complications requiring surgery were 0.6% for IB and 1.1% for LSG whereas late major postoperative complications were 1.2% for IB, 4.1% for LAGB and 0.5% for LSG. Diabetes resolution rate was 0 for LAGB, 76.9% for LSG and 80% for LMGB at 36 months. CONCLUSIONS If more invasive procedures as LSG or LMGB may entail higher operative and peroperative risks, conversely, in skilled hands their efficacy remains undisputed, especially in the long term, presenting a very low rate of major complications. In general, the efficacy of a bariatric surgery unit seems improved by the capability to offer both different primary procedures and re-do surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Musella
- "Federico II" University, Medical School, Advanced Biomedical Sciences Department - General Surgery, Italy.
| | - M Milone
- "Federico II" University, Medical School, Advanced Biomedical Sciences Department - General Surgery, Italy
| | - D Gaudioso
- "Federico II" University, Medical School, Advanced Biomedical Sciences Department - General Surgery, Italy
| | - P Bianco
- "Federico II" University, Medical School, Advanced Biomedical Sciences Department - General Surgery, Italy
| | - R Palumbo
- "Federico II" University, Medical School, Advanced Biomedical Sciences Department - General Surgery, Italy
| | - G Galloro
- Clinical Medicine and Surgery Department - Surgical Endoscopy, Italy
| | - M Bellini
- "Federico II" University, Medical School, Advanced Biomedical Sciences Department - General Surgery, Italy
| | - F Milone
- "Federico II" University, Medical School, Advanced Biomedical Sciences Department - General Surgery, Italy
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Abstract
Chemo- and radiation therapies used to treat cancer can have the unintended effect of making patients infertile. Clinically established fertility preservation methods, such as egg and embryo cryopreservation, are not applicable to all patients, which has motivated the development of strategies that involve ovarian tissue removal and cryopreservation before the first sterilizing treatment. To restore fertility at a later date, the early-stage follicles present in the tissue must be matured to produce functional oocytes, a process that is not possible using existing cell culture technologies. This review describes the application of tissue engineering principles to promote ovarian follicle maturation and produce mature oocytes through either in vitro culture or transplantation. The design principles for these engineered systems are presented, along with identification of emerging opportunities in reproductive biology.
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Kuchenbecker WKH, Groen H, Pel H, Bolster JHT, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Land JA, Hoek A, Corpeleijn E. Validation of the measurement of intra-abdominal fat between ultrasound and CT scan in women with obesity and infertility. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:537-44. [PMID: 23512889 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the means and changes over time of intra-abdominal fat (IAF) and subcutaneous abdominal fat (SAF) measured by abdominal ultrasound (US) and computerized tomography (CT). DESIGN AND METHODS Prospective cohort study of 53 women with obesity and infertility undergoing a lifestyle program. RESULTS The Pearson's correlation between IAF measurement by US compared to CT was good at baseline, month 3 and 6 (all r ≥ 0.72). The correlation of SAF measurement by US compared to CT was reasonable at baseline (r = 0.54; 95%CI 0.30-0.78) and weak at month 3 and 6 (all r ≤ 0.39). The correlation between the changes in IAF over 3 and 6 months by US compared to CT was reasonable and significant respectively (all r > 0.48). US could not measure the changes of SAF over time. The Bland-Altman plot showed good agreement between US and CT for IAF measurements (-1.1 [95%CI -3.9-1.6] cm lower mean in US) at baseline. For changes of IAF over time, mean estimates were in agreement. CONCLUSION In women with obesity and infertility, measuring IAF by US is in good agreement with the CT scan methodology but the measurement of SAF by US is unreliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter K H Kuchenbecker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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Barthelmess EK, Naz RK. Polycystic ovary syndrome: current status and future perspective. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2014; 6:104-19. [PMID: 24389146 DOI: 10.2741/e695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread reproductive disorder that encompasses many associated health conditions and has an impact on various metabolic processes. PCOS is depicted by hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and anovulation. It increases the risk of insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The etiology of the disease remains unclear, and the subjective phenotype makes a united diagnosis difficult among physicians. It seems to be a familial genetic syndrome caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. It can be linked with metabolic disorders in first-degree family members. PCOS is the cause of up to 30% of infertility in couples seeking treatment. Currently, there is no cure for PCOS. Despite the growing incidence of this syndrome, limited research has been done that encompasses the entirety of PCOS spectrum. In this review, the current status and possible future perspective will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Barthelmess
- Reproductive Immunology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506-9186
| | - Rajesh K Naz
- Reproductive Immunology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506-9186
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Lie MEK, Overgaard A, Mikkelsen JD. Effect of a postnatal high-fat diet exposure on puberty onset, estrous cycle regularity, and kisspeptin expression in female rats. Reprod Biol 2013; 13:298-308. [PMID: 24287038 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin, encoded by Kiss1, plays a key role in pubertal maturation and reproduction as a positive upstream regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. To examine the role of high-fat diet (HFD) on puberty onset, estrous cycle regularity, and kisspeptin expression, female rats were exposed to HFD in distinct postnatal periods. Three groups of rats were exposed to HFD containing 60% energy from fat during the pre-weaning period (postnatal day (PND) 1-16, HFD PND 1-16), post-weaning period (HFD PND 21-34), or during both periods (HFD PND 1-34). Puberty onset, evaluated by vaginal opening, was monitored on days 30-34. Leptin, estradiol (E2), Kiss1 mRNA levels, and number of kisspeptin-immunoreactive cells in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) were measured at day 34. Body weight increased only in rats exposed to HFD during post-weaning period, whereas the timing of vaginal opening was unaffected in all three groups. Leptin, Kiss1 mRNA levels, and number of kisspeptin-immunoreactive cells at day 34 were not affected by HFD. Additionally, the estrous cycle regularity was monitored in rats exposed to HFD for 40 days from weaning. Leptin, E2, and Kiss1 mRNA levels in the AVPV and ARC were measured after the HFD exposure. Thirty-three percent of rats exposed to HFD exhibited irregular estrous cycles and a two-fold increase in leptin. By contrast, E2 level and Kiss1 mRNA levels were not affected by the treatment. These data show that postnatal HFD exposure induced irregular estrous cycles, but had no effect on puberty onset or kisspeptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E K Lie
- Neurobiology Research Unit, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Malik SM, Traub ML. Defining the role of bariatric surgery in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients. World J Diabetes 2012; 3:71-9. [PMID: 22532886 PMCID: PMC3334389 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v3.i4.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women. To meet PCOS criteria, women must have a combination of hyperandrogenism, anovulation and ultrasound findings. Almost 10% of all reproductive age women worldwide show signs of PCOS. Although women often seek care for gynecological or body image concerns, many PCOS women are at risk for metabolic syndrome (MS). Many of the metabolic consequences are overlooked and undertreated by physicians because these patients tend to be young, reproductive age women. MS and obesity coexist commonly with PCOS. These young women are predisposed to glucose abnormalities and ultimately diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and eventually cardiovascular disease. Bariatric surgery can be an effective means of weight loss in PCOS women. Surgical techniques have become safer and less invasive over time and have been found to be effective in achieving significant weight loss. Surgical options have also increased, giving patients more choices. Bariatric surgery may prevent or reverse metabolic syndrome. Bariatric surgery may also have reproductive benefits in PCOS patients. Although bariatric surgery has historically been performed in older, reproductive aged women, it has recently gained favor in adolescents as well. This is of particular importance due to the prevalence of both PCOS and MS in adolescents. Treatment of PCOS and MS certainly requires a combination of medical therapy, psychological support and lifestyle modifications. These treatments are difficult and often frustrating for patients and physicians. Bariatric surgery can be effective in achieving significant weight loss, restoration of the hypothalamic pituitary axis, reduction of cardiovascular risk and even in improving pregnancy outcomes. Ultimately, bariatric surgery should be considered part of the treatment in PCOS women, especially in those with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaveta M Malik
- Shaveta M Malik, Michael L Traub, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
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Changes in metabolic profile and adipoinsular axis in morbidly obese premenopausal females treated with restrictive bariatric surgery. World J Surg 2011; 35:2022-30. [PMID: 21691870 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-011-1165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of surgically induced weight loss on the metabolic profile and adipocytokine levels in premenopausal morbidly obese females. METHODS Twenty premenopausal morbidly obese (MO) women with a median age of 34 years (range: 24-48 years) and a median body mass index (BMI) of 41.47 kg/m(2) (range: 38.0-56.73 kg/m(2)) were studied (13 women underwent gastric banding and 7 women underwent sleeve gastrectomy). In addition, 20 lean premenopausal women with a median age of 32 years (range: 22-44 years) and a median BMI of 20.0 kg/m(2) (range: 18.5-24.7 kg/m(2)) were also studied. Anthropometric measurements and metabolic parameters were analyzed in each patient, along with changes in leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) before surgery, 6 months after surgery, and 12 months after surgery. Comparisons with the reference normal-weight subjects were also performed. RESULTS Both weight and BMI were found to be significantly decreased postoperatively. A 54.5% loss of excess BMI was observed 12 months after surgery, and was associated with significant improvement in all anthropometric and metabolic parameters. Twelve months after surgery we also observed decreased levels of serum leptin, resistin, and IL-6; increased levels of serum adiponectin; and a remarkable improvement in metabolic syndrome markers. Furthermore, postoperative serum resistin and IL-6 levels were found to reach those of normal-weight volunteers. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that weight loss through restrictive bariatric surgery results in a significant reduction in leptin, resistin, and IL-6 levels, and an increase in adiponectin levels, in addition to improving insulin sensitivity and glucose and lipid homeostasis in young morbidly obese female patients. These changes were significantly correlated with the magnitude of weight loss.
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Musella M, Milone M, Bellini M, Fernandez MES, Fernandez LMS, Leongito M, Milone F. The potential role of intragastric balloon in the treatment of obese-related infertility: personal experience. Obes Surg 2011; 21:426-30. [PMID: 20414739 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-010-0167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of people who are overweight or obese has increased dramatically in high-income countries over the past 20 years. There is a strong association between obesity and infertility, and weight loss can result in increased fecundity in obese women. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential role of intragastric balloon in the treatment of obese-related infertility. This is a retrospective study. A chart review of 27 obese women seen between September 2003 and July 2008 was performed. They all presented with the diagnosis of infertility and had undergone endoscopic intragastric balloon positioning. Among these women who tried unsuccessfully to become pregnant before weight loss, 15 became pregnant afterward. The pregnancies proceeded without complications and ended with live births. An improvement in the fertility status after weight loss has been described, although data on fertility after weight loss following bariatric surgery are still limited. The results obtained in our experience are not different from data reported in literature for bariatric surgery. Therefore, balloon treatment might be effective in young infertile obese women who wish to become pregnant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Musella
- Department of Surgery, Orthopedic, Traumatology and Emergency, University of Naples Federico II, via S. Pansini 5, 80133, Naples, Italy
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Kuchenbecker WKH, Groen H, van Asselt SJ, Bolster JHT, Zwerver J, Slart RHJ, vd Jagt EJ, Muller Kobold AC, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Land JA, Hoek A. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity, loss of intra-abdominal fat is associated with resumption of ovulation. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:2505-12. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Hirshfeld-Cytron JE, Duncan FE, Xu M, Jozefik JK, Shea LD, Woodruff TK. Animal age, weight and estrus cycle stage impact the quality of in vitro grown follicles. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:2473-85. [PMID: 21669966 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is an emerging fertility preservation option, and culturing follicles isolated from this tissue to obtain mature gametes may ultimately be the best solution for patients for whom transplantation is contraindicated. It is unclear, however, how patient-specific variables (including age, weight and menstrual cycle stage) impact follicle growth and quality during three-dimensional culture. METHODS We used a mouse model to systematically determine how these variables impact in vitro follicle growth. We characterized metabolic and hormonal profiles of mice at specific ages, weights and cycle stages and secondary follicles from these cohorts were isolated and cultured. We then assessed follicle survival, growth and function, as well as meiotic competence and spindle morphology of the resulting oocytes. RESULTS We found that older mice and mice with increased body weight had higher serum cholesterol, abnormal glucose tolerance and lower levels of circulating Anti-Müllerian hormone compared with younger and leaner controls. Secondary follicles isolated from different cohorts and grown in vitro had indistinguishable growth trajectories. However, the follicles isolated from older and heavier mice and those in diestrus had altered hormone profiles. These follicles contained oocytes with reduced meiotic competence and produced oocytes with greater spindle defects. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the original physical environment of the follicle within the ovary can impact its function when isolated and cultured. These findings are valuable as we begin to use in vitro follicle growth technology for a heterogeneous fertility preservation patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Hirshfeld-Cytron
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Hezelgrave NL, Oteng-Ntim E. Pregnancy after bariatric surgery: a review. J Obes 2011; 2011:501939. [PMID: 21785717 PMCID: PMC3139211 DOI: 10.1155/2011/501939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is a major cause of obstetric morbidity and mortality. With surgical procedures to facilitate weight loss becoming more widely available and demanded and increasing number of women becoming pregnant after undergoing bariatric surgery, it is important and timely to consider the outcome of pregnancy following bariatric surgery. This paper aims to synthesize the current evidence regarding pregnancy outcomes after bariatric surgery. It concludes that bariatric surgery appears to have positive effects on fertility and reduces the risk of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. Moreover, there appears to be a reduced incidence of fetal macrosomia post-bariatric procedure, although there remains uncertainty about the increased rates of small-for-gestational age and intrauterine growth restricted infants, as well as premature rupture of membranes in this group. A number of case reports highlight that pregnancy following bariatric surgery is not without complications and it must be managed as high risk by the multidisciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. L. Hezelgrave
- Maternal and Fetal Research Unit, Kings College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- *N. L. Hezelgrave:
| | - Eugene Oteng-Ntim
- Maternal and Fetal Research Unit, Kings College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in our patients who are of childbearing age, with pregnant patients of normal weight being in the minority. The pregnancy-related complications attributable to obesity affect not only the pregnant women, but also her fetus and potentially both mother and child for their lifetimes. Pregnancy is associated with altered immunity. The physiologic state of chronic inflammation in obesity affects systemic immunity and metabolism, and may be associated with several of the complications associated with maternal obesity. The interplay between pregnancy, obesity and inflammation may have far-reaching implications for fertility, pregnancy, the fetus and neonate.
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Kamal M, Mohi A, Fawzy M, El-Sawah H. Fasting plasma ghrelin in women with and without PCOS. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Merhi ZO. Impact of bariatric surgery on female reproduction. Fertil Steril 2009; 92:1501-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Zhang J, Zhang F, Didelot X, Bruce KD, Cagampang FR, Vatish M, Hanson M, Lehnert H, Ceriello A, Byrne CD. Maternal high fat diet during pregnancy and lactation alters hepatic expression of insulin like growth factor-2 and key microRNAs in the adult offspring. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:478. [PMID: 19835573 PMCID: PMC2770530 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background miRNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene functions. Maternal dietary modifications during pregnancy and gestation have long-term effects on the offspring, but it is not known whether a maternal high fat (HF) diet during pregnancy and lactation alters expression of key miRNAs in the offspring. Results We studied the effects of maternal HF diet on the adult offspring by feeding mice with either a HF or a chow diet prior to conception, during pregnancy and lactation, and all offspring were weaned onto the same chow diet until adulthood. Maternal HF fed offspring had markedly increased hepatic mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (ppar-alpha) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1a (cpt-1a) as well as insulin like growth factor-2 (Igf2). A HF diet induced up-regulation of ppar-alpha and cpt-1a expression in the wild type but not in Igf2 knock out mice. Furthermore, hepatic expression of let-7c was also reduced in maternal HF fed offspring. Among 579 miRNAs measured with microarray, ~23 miRNA levels were reduced by ~1.5-4.9-fold. Reduced expression of miR-709 (a highly expressed miRNA), miR-122, miR-192, miR-194, miR-26a, let-7a, let7b and let-7c, miR-494 and miR-483* (reduced by ~4.9 fold) was validated by qPCR. We found that methyl-CpG binding protein 2 was the common predicted target for miR-709, miR-let7s, miR-122, miR-194 and miR-26a using our own purpose-built computer program. Conclusion Maternal HF feeding during pregnancy and lactation induced co-ordinated and long-lasting changes in expression of Igf2, fat metabolic genes and several important miRNAs in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Zhang
- Clinical Science Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Building, University Hospital, Walsgrave Campus, Coventry, UK.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a worldwide problem. The effect of obesity on the outcome of assisted reproductive techniques is quite controversial. RECENT FINDINGS Although there is not an absolute consensus based on evidence, obesity may lengthen the duration of ovulation induction, increase the gonadotrophin dose, decrease the peak estradiol levels, number of mature follicles and number of oocytes retrieved, and increase the cycle cancellation rate. Moreover, obesity may have a negative impact on oocyte and embryo quality. Thus, fertilization, embryo transfer, implantation and pregnancy rates have been usually found to be low in many studies. In addition, oocyte retrieval and embryo transfer procedures can be difficult due to obesity itself. Finally, miscarriage rate is found to be high. None of the studies related with obesity and assisted reproduction has been designed as a randomized controlled trial, yet. Definition of obesity, cause of infertility, protocols used for ovulation induction, starting dose for gonadotrophins, oocyte and embryo-grading systems are not standardized among the studies. Some confounding factors, such as polycystic ovary syndrome status and age, are not taken into consideration. SUMMARY Obesity has a negative impact on the outcomes of assisted reproductive techniques.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2009; 21:296-300. [PMID: 19458522 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0b013e32832c972c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This bibliography is compiled by clinicians from the journals listed at the end of this publication. It is based on literature entered into our database between 1 February 2008 and 31 January 2009 (articles are generally added to the database about two and a half months after publication). In addition, the bibliography contains every paper annotated by reviewers; these references were obtained from a variety of bibliographic databases and published between the beginning of the review period and the time of going to press. The bibliography has been grouped into topics that relate to the reviews in this issue.
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Shively CA, Register TC, Clarkson TB. Social stress, visceral obesity, and coronary artery atherosclerosis in female primates. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17:1513-20. [PMID: 19325545 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work in cynomolgus monkeys demonstrated significant relationships between (i) social reorganization stress and visceral fat deposition, and (ii) central fat deposition and coronary artery atherosclerosis (CAA). Nevertheless, direct relationships between CAA and visceral fat have not been demonstrated in people or animals, nor have relationships among stress, visceral obesity, and CAA been observed within a single study. Here, we examine the hypothesis that visceral obesity provides a link between social stress and CAA. Subjects were 41 socially housed females that consumed an atherogenic diet for 32 months. Social behavior and ovarian function were continuously recorded; dexamethasone suppression tests, telemetered overnight heart rate, BMI, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal (SAT) adipose tissue were measured before necropsy. Females with high VAT:SAT were relatively subordinate, socially isolated, received more aggression and less grooming, desensitized to circulating glucocorticoids, had impaired ovarian function, higher heart rates late in the day, and more CAA than low VAT:SAT females. High-BMI females had higher heart rates than low-BMI females. Poor ovarian function in high VAT:SAT females is a novel observation suggesting the need for studies of fat distribution and ovarian function in women. The results of this study are the first to demonstrate a relationship between CAA and visceral obesity, and suggest that social stress may exacerbate CAA in part by increasing the ratio of visceral:subcutaneous fat mass in selected individuals susceptible to diet-induced CAA. Further studies are needed to understand the complex and multifactorial temporal relationship among relative visceral obesity, physiological stress responses, and CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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Chirurgie bariatrique et obstétrique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 38:107-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Palomba S, Falbo A, Zullo F, Orio F. Evidence-based and potential benefits of metformin in the polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review. Endocr Rev 2009; 30:1-50. [PMID: 19056992 DOI: 10.1210/er.2008-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is an insulin sensitizer widely used for the treatment of patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus. Because many women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are insulin resistant, metformin was introduced in clinical practice to treat these patients also. Moreover, metformin's effect has other targets beside its insulin-sensitizing action. The present review was aimed at describing all evidence-based and potential uses of metformin in PCOS patients. In particular, we will analyze the uses of metformin not only for the treatment of all PCOS-related disturbances such as menstrual disorders, anovulatory infertility, increased abortion, or complicated pregnancy risk, hyperandrogenism, endometrial, metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities, but also for the prevention of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Palomba
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Via Pio X, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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Obesity and reproduction: an educational bulletin. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:S21-9. [PMID: 19007633 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This Educational Bulletin describes the effect of obesity on reproduction and discusses treatment options.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Obesity and nutrition. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15:470-5. [PMID: 18769222 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e328311f3cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ahmed MI, Duleba AJ, El Shahat O, Ibrahim ME, Salem A. Naltrexone treatment in clomiphene resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:2564-9. [PMID: 18641399 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous opiates may affect various aspects of reproductive and metabolic function in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study evaluated long-term inhibition of the opioid system using naltrexone in clomiphene citrate (CC)-resistant women with PCOS. METHODS A group of 30 infertile females with PCOS were evaluated; all subjects were obese, hyperandrogenic and hyperinsulinemic; 16 patients were amenorrhic and 14 were oligomenorrhic. All subjects received natrexone (50 mg p.o. daily) for 6 months. Patients who did not ovulate after 12 weeks of naltrexone monotherapy, also received CC (starting at 50 mg/day for 5 days and, for non-responders, increasing it up to 150 mg/day). RESULTS Of the 30 women, 3 ovulated during naltrexone monotherapy and 19 of the remaining 27 ovulated during naltrexone + CC therapy. There were no conceptions during naltrexone monotherapy, but 9 of 27 women (33.3%) conceived during naltrexone + CC; there was one missed abortion at 9 weeks, one preterm delivery at 34 weeks and seven term live births. Naltrexone therapy was also followed by significant reductions in BMI, fasting serum insulin, luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio and testosterone. CONCLUSIONS In this preliminary trial, naltrexone improved endocrine and metabolic function in women with CC-resistant PCOS. Furthermore, naltrexone restored CC sensitivity in the majority of subjects, resulting in a significant number of pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Benha School of Medicine, Benha, Egypt
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Beard JH, Bell RL, Duffy AJ. Reproductive considerations and pregnancy after bariatric surgery: current evidence and recommendations. Obes Surg 2008; 18:1023-7. [PMID: 18392904 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-007-9389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the USA. Bariatric surgery is an important and increasingly utilized treatment option for morbid obesity refractory to medical therapy. Approximately half of all bariatric surgery patients are reproductive-aged women and, thus, represent a unique patient population with specific concerns. This manuscript focuses on issues of increased postoperative fertility, nutritional monitoring and supplementation, safety of pregnancy after bariatric surgery, and effect of pregnancy on postoperative weight loss. Current recommendations regarding management of patients both before and during pregnancy are provided. In addition, we highlight areas where more research on this issue is needed and advocate for a multidisciplinary approach to patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Beard
- Section of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 40 Temple Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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