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Logesh R, Hari B, Chidambaram K, Das N. Molecular effects of Vitamin-D and PUFAs metabolism in skeletal muscle combating Type-II diabetes mellitus. Gene 2024; 904:148216. [PMID: 38307219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Multiple post-receptor intracellular alterations such as impaired glucose transfer, glucose phosphorylation, decreased glucose oxidation, and glycogen production contribute to insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle, manifested by diminished insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Type-2 diabetes mellites (T2DM) has caused by IR, which is also seen in obese patients and those with metabolic syndrome. The Vitamin-D receptor (VDR) and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) roles in skeletal muscle growth, shapes, and function for combating type-2 diabetes have been clarified throughout this research. VDR and PUFAs appears to show a variety of effects on skeletal muscle, in addition it shows a promising role on bone and mineral homeostasis. Individuals having T2DM are reported to suffer from severe muscular weakness and alterations in shape of the muscle. Several studies have investigated the effect on VDR on muscular strength and mass, which leads to Vitamin-D deficiency (VDD) in individuals, in which most commonly seen in elderly. VDR has been shown to affect skeletal cellular proliferation, intracellular calcium handling, as well as genomic activity in a variety of different ways such as muscle metabolism, insulin sensitivity, which is the major characteristic pathogenesis for IR in combating T2DM. The identified VDR gene polymorphisms are ApaI, TaqI, FokI, and BsmI that are associated with T2DM. This review collates informations on the mechanisms by which VDR activation takes place in skeletal muscles. Despite the significant breakthroughs made in recent decades, various studies show that IR affects VDR and PUFAs metabolism in skeletal muscle. Therefore, this review collates the data to show the role of VDR and PUFAs in the skeletal muscles to combat T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Logesh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Karnataka, India.
| | - Balaji Hari
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, The Nilgiris, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Al-Qara, Asir Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia 799155, Tripura, India
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Maneewan S, Manosroi W, Jesadaporn P, Phimphilai M, Tipduangta P. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Muscle Function in Patients With I131-Induced Hypothyroidism: A Pilot Randomized Trial. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae072. [PMID: 38686391 PMCID: PMC11056742 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of data regarding the effect of vitamin D supplements in patients with I131-induced hypothyroidism. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplements on muscle function, and the secondary aim was to observe the effect on body composition, insulin resistance, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with I131-induced hypothyroidism. Methods In this pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial, patients with I131-induced hypothyroidism on a stable dose of levothyroxine were enrolled and allocated into 2 groups to receive oral vitamin D 20 000 IU weekly or placebo for 24 weeks. Baseline biochemical values, body composition, handgrip strength, the 5 times sit-to-stand test (5TSTS), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and QOL were measured before intervention and after 3 and 6 months in both groups. Mixed model regression analysis was used to compare the outcomes between the 2 groups. Significance was set at P value of < .05. Results There were 20 participants in each group. The time taken for 5TSTS in the vitamin D group was significantly lower than the placebo group at 3 (P = .032) and 6 months (P = .006). Other outcomes, including handgrip strength, body composition, HOMA-IR, and QOL, showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. Conclusion A supplement of vitamin D2 at 20 000 IU per week for 24 weeks could help improve performance in 5TSTS in patients with I131-induced hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureephan Maneewan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Worapaka Manosroi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Panas Jesadaporn
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mattabhorn Phimphilai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pratchaya Tipduangta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Ganmaa D, Hemmings S, Jolliffe DA, Buyanjargal U, Garmaa G, Adiya U, Tumurbaatar T, Dorjnamjil K, Tserenkhuu E, Erdenenbaatar S, Tsendjav E, Enkhamgalan N, Achtai CE, Talhaasuren Y, Byambasuren T, Ganbaatar E, Purevdorj E, Martineau AR. Influence of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and exercise capacity in Mongolian schoolchildren: a randomised controlled trial. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.27.24304943. [PMID: 38585948 PMCID: PMC10996754 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.24304943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective To determine whether weekly oral vitamin D supplementation influences grip strength, explosive leg power, cardiorespiratory fitness or spirometric lung volumes in Mongolian schoolchildren. Methods Multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in children aged 6-13 years at baseline attending 18 schools in Ulaanbaatar. The intervention was weekly oral doses of 14,000 IU vitamin D3 (n=4418) or placebo (n=4433) for 3 years. Outcome measures were grip strength, standing long jump distance and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations (determined in all participants), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak, determined in a subset of 632 participants using 20-metre multi-stage shuttle run tests) and spirometric outcomes (determined in a subset of 1,343 participants). Results 99.8% of participants had serum 25(OH)D concentrations <75 nmol/L at baseline, and mean end-study 25(OH)D concentrations in children randomised to vitamin D vs. placebo were 77.4 vs. 26.7 nmol/L (mean difference 50.7 nmol/L, 95% CI, 49.7 to 51.4). However, vitamin D supplementation did not influence mean grip strength, standing long jump distance, VO2peak, spirometric lung volumes or peak expiratory flow rate, either overall or within sub-groups defined by sex, baseline 25(OH)D concentration <25 vs. ≥25 nmol/L or calcium intake <500 vs. ≥500 mg/day. Conclusion A 3-year course of weekly oral supplementation with 14,000 IU vitamin D3 elevated serum 25(OH)D concentrations in Mongolian schoolchildren with a high baseline prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. However, this intervention did not influence grip strength, explosive leg power, peak oxygen uptake or spirometric lung volumes, either overall or in sub-group analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davaasambuu Ganmaa
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephanie Hemmings
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne BN20 7SP, UK
| | - David A. Jolliffe
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Uyanga Buyanjargal
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | - Gantsetseg Garmaa
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | - Unaganshagai Adiya
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | - Tumenulzii Tumurbaatar
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | - Khulan Dorjnamjil
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | | | - Sumiya Erdenenbaatar
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | - Enkhjargal Tsendjav
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | - Nomin Enkhamgalan
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | - Chuluun-Erdene Achtai
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | | | - Tuya Byambasuren
- Mongolian Ministry of Health, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Erdenetuya Ganbaatar
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Erkhembulgan Purevdorj
- Mongolian Health Initiative, Royal Plaza, Bayanzurkh District, Ulaanbaatar 13312, Mongolia
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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V N, Nair GG, Jose BC, Abraham A. Study on Vitamin D Levels in 30 to 40-Year-Old Females With Low Back Pain. Cureus 2024; 16:e54238. [PMID: 38496123 PMCID: PMC10944139 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is associated with many skeletal-related processes in the body. A major health problem concerning decreased quality of life is chronic low back pain (LBP). Many studies have proved that chronic pain improves with Vitamin D supplementation. This study aimed to explore the correlation between vitamin D levels and the occurrence of LBP in women aged 30 to 40. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was taken up at PK Das Institute of Medical Sciences wherein 50 cases (women aged 30-34 years who had chronic LBP >3 months) and 50 age-matched controls were included. Frequencies of Vitamin D deficiency, inadequacy, and sufficiency were studied. The t-test for examining statistical significance was employed to compare means. Keeping a 95% confidence interval (p<0.05), the odds ratio was calculated. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency diagnosed when Vitamin D level is <20ng/mL was found in 74% of cases and 48% of controls. Vitamin D levels were not found to be statistically different between cases and controls. The odds ratio was found to be 3.083 (p=0.009), showing that participants with LBP are more expected to be deficient in Vitamin D compared to those without LBP. CONCLUSIONS Although a higher frequency of Vitamin D deficiency was found in cases compared to controls, the mean value of Vitamin D levels was not found to be statistically different amongst cases and controls. A significant Odds ratio establishes a positive association between LBP and Vitamin D deficiency. The reason could be due to most people being restricted indoors due to COVID-19 restrictions. It is essential to standardize the biochemical analysis of Vitamin D and establish appropriate Vitamin D level ranges specifically tailored for the Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha V
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnataka Lingayat Education Society (KLE) Academy of Higher Education & Research (KAHER's) Jagadguru Gangadhar Mahaswamigalu Moorsavirmath Medical College and Hospital, Hubballi, IND
| | - Gautham G Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, PK Das Institute of Medical Sciences, Ottapalam, IND
| | - Biju C Jose
- Department of Neurological Surgery, PK Das Institute of Medical Sciences, Ottapalam, IND
| | - Angel Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College Thrissur, Thrissur, IND
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Channarong P, Phongamwong C. Prevalence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency among patients with chronic myofascial pain syndrome: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:129. [PMID: 37964354 PMCID: PMC10647172 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common muscle condition characterized by painful trigger points. Vitamin D deficiency has been recognized as a precipitating factor of MPS. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency in patients with chronic MPS. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted, using a structured face-to-face interview to collect demographic information, clinical characteristics, pain duration and location, as well as the bodily pain subscale of SF36 and EQ-5D-5 L. The Elecsys vitamin D total II assay was used to measure serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D level. RESULTS Of 120 participants, vitamin D insufficiency (20 to 29.9 ng/ml) and deficiency (< 20 ng/ml) were 47.5% (95% CI: 38.3-56.8%) and 34.2% (95% CI: 25.8-43.4%), respectively. The adjusted odds ratios for vitamin D deficiency of participants aged < 45 years and who reported having ≤ 15 min sunlight exposure per day were 3.5 (95% CI: 1.54 to 7.98) and 2.38 (95% CI: 1.05 to 5.26), respectively. The bodily pain score (r = - 0.02, P = 0.86) and EQ-5D-5 L utility (r = 0.04, P = 0.66) did not significantly correlate with vitamin D levels. CONCLUSION Approximately one third of patients with chronic MPS had vitamin D deficiency. Age < 45 years and sunlight exposure ≤ 15 min/day were identified as potential risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in MPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimpitcha Channarong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanwit Phongamwong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Mandl J, Baumer S, Holtzem B, Theurer R, Zorger N, Pech O. [Sarcopenia in patients with pancreatic cancer, an independant prognostic factor]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:1365-1370. [PMID: 36482058 DOI: 10.1055/a-1959-2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is despite modern diagnostic tools and treatment regimen associated with poor outcome. Many patients show cachexia and sarcopenia. METHODS In a retrospective analysis the SMI (cm²/m²) was measured by determining the skelettal muscle area in a computed tomography image at lumbar vertebrae 3. Further clinical parameters were measured to determine the outcome. RESULTS The mean survival after diagnosis in the population with sarcopenia was significantly lower (14,4 vs 17,7 months, p=0,046). Significantly shorter survival was also seen for higher age (p=0,006), no tumor resection (p=0,004), metastases (p=0,002) and high CA19-9 level (p=0,002) CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia is an indipendant prognostic factor in patients with pancreatic cancer. SMI should be measured clinical practice and further studies are necessary to asses a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Mandl
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und interventionelle Endoskopie, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Baumer
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und interventionelle Endoskopie, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernadette Holtzem
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und interventionelle Endoskopie, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Theurer
- Institut für Radiologie, Neuroradiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Bruder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Niels Zorger
- Institut für Radiologie, Neuroradiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Bruder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Pech
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und interventionelle Endoskopie, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Kim YC, Ki SW, Kim H, Kang S, Kim H, Go GW. Recent Advances in Nutraceuticals for the Treatment of Sarcopenic Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:3854. [PMID: 37686886 PMCID: PMC10490319 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity, low muscle mass, and high body fat are growing health concerns in the aging population. This review highlights the need for standardized criteria and explores nutraceuticals as potential therapeutic agents. Sarcopenic obesity is associated with insulin resistance, inflammation, hormonal changes, and reduced physical activity. These factors lead to impaired muscle activity, intramuscular fat accumulation, and reduced protein synthesis, resulting in muscle catabolism and increased fat mass. Myostatin and irisin are myokines that regulate muscle synthesis and energy expenditure, respectively. Nutritional supplementation with vitamin D and calcium is recommended for increasing muscle mass and reducing body fat content. Testosterone therapy decreases fat mass and improves muscle strength. Vitamin K, specifically menaquinone-4 (MK-4), improves mitochondrial function and reduces muscle damage. Irisin is a hormone secreted during exercise that enhances oxidative metabolism, prevents insulin resistance and obesity, and improves bone quality. Low-glycemic-index diets and green cardamom are potential methods for managing sarcopenic obesity. In conclusion, along with exercise and dietary support, nutraceuticals, such as vitamin D, calcium, vitamin K, and natural agonists of irisin or testosterone, can serve as promising future therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gwang-woong Go
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (S.-W.K.); (H.K.); (S.K.); (H.K.)
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Meyers E, De Smet E, Vercruysse H, Callens S, Padalko E, Heytens S, Vandekerckhove L, Cools P, Witkowski W. No Significant Association between 25-OH Vitamin D Status and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response after COVID-19 Vaccination in Nursing Home Residents and Staff. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1343. [PMID: 37631911 PMCID: PMC10458709 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for various physiological functions, including immunity. While it has been suggested that higher vitamin D levels/supplementation are associated with a better immune response to COVID-19 vaccination, conflicting data exist. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) deficiency/supplementation, and SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses post-vaccination in nursing home residents (NHRs) and staff (NHS). Blood samples were collected from 115 NHRs and 254 NHS at baseline and 14 days after primary course BNT162b2 vaccination. Baseline samples were assessed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, while follow-up samples were analyzed for spike protein S1 receptor-binding domain (S1RBD) IgG antibody concentrations and 50% pseudoneutralization titers. Vitamin D supplementation status was obtained from NHRs medical records. We compared immune responses between (severe) vitamin D-deficient and -sufficient NHRs/NHS and between supplemented and non-supplemented NHRs, stratified for history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and participant type. No significant differences in either binding or neutralizing COVID-19 vaccine antibody response were found between groups. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was 45% (95% CI: 36-54%) among NHRs and 60% (95% CI: 54-66%) among NHS. Although we showed that vitamin D status may not be related to a better COVID-19 vaccine antibody response, addressing the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the nursing home population remains important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Meyers
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.M.)
| | - Evelien De Smet
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Steven Callens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elizaveta Padalko
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.M.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Heytens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Piet Cools
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.M.)
| | - Wojciech Witkowski
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Sutherland JP, Zhou A, Hyppönen E. Muscle Traits, Sarcopenia, and Sarcopenic Obesity: A Vitamin D Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2703. [PMID: 37375607 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Observational studies associate vitamin D deficiency with muscle disorders, while some clinical trial data support a minor association between the vitamin and skeletal muscle performance in healthy subjects. Vitamin D receptor knockout mice studies confirm the relationship between vitamin D and skeletal muscle; however, causal inference in humans is challenging due to the ethical implications of including vitamin D-deficient participants in randomized trials. This study uses genetic methods to safely explore causal underpinnings for the relationship between 25(OH)D concentrations and skeletal muscle-related traits, including grip strength and combined arm skeletal muscle mass, and extends this analysis to suspected pathophysiology in the form of probable sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. (2) Methods: We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses in up to 307,281 participants from the UK Biobank of whom 25,414 had probable sarcopenia and 16,520 had sarcopenic obesity. In total, 35 variants were used to instrument 25(OH)D and MR analyses conducted using multiple approaches. (3) Results: Genetic analyses provided support for a relationship between genetically predicted higher 25(OH)D and skeletal muscle traits, with linear MR analyses for grip strength showing 0.11 kg (95% CI 0.04, 0.19) greater contractile force per 10 unit higher 25(OH)D, while there was a modest association with skeletal muscle mass (0.01 kg (95% CI 0.003, 0.02) greater muscle mass). For probable sarcopenia risk, there was suggestive evidence for lower odds by higher 25(OH)D (OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.92, 1.00)); however, this did not reflect an association with sarcopenic obesity (OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.93, 1.02)), but was seen in probable sarcopenia cases who were not obese (OR 0.92 (95% CI 0.86, 0.98)). Results were similar across multiple MR approaches. (4) Conclusions: Our study supports a causal relationship between 25(OH)D and skeletal muscle health. While evidence for benefit did not extend to lower risk of sarcopenic obesity, effective vitamin D-deficiency prevention strategies may help reduce age-related muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Sutherland
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Unit of Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Ang Zhou
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Unit of Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Unit of Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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Sutandyo N, Cintakaweni DMW, Setiawan L, Hariani R, Utami N. Association of Body Composition and Handgrip Strength with Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Vitamin D Level in Cancer Patients. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1995-2001. [PMID: 37251283 PMCID: PMC10224722 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s388457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cachexia is prevalent in cancer and is associated with poorer prognosis. We aimed to investigate the association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vitamin D levels with cachexia in cancer patients. We also assessed the relationship between body composition profile and cachexia, IL-6, and vitamin D levels. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Dharmais National Cancer Hospital. The study included patients with newly diagnosed biopsy-proven nasopharyngeal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood samples, anthropometrics, and body composition were measured. Results A total of 150 cancer patients were included in the study, with a median age of 52 years, and 64% (n = 96) are female. The prevalence of cachexia was 57%. Cancer patients with cachexia had higher IL-6 levels (P = 0.025). No association between cachexia and vitamin D levels was found (P = 0.787). Patients with cachexia had lower body composition components than those without cachexia (P < 0.05). Vitamin D levels were positively correlated with muscle mass, visceral fat, and handgrip strength (P < 0.05), while no association between IL-6 and body composition was found. Conclusion Cancer-associated cachexia is associated with a higher level of IL-6, lower BMI, lower fat mass index, and lower visceral fat. Vitamin D levels, but not IL-6, are correlated with muscle mass, muscle strength, and visceral fat in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorwati Sutandyo
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Dharmais National Cancer Center Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Lyana Setiawan
- Department of Integrated Laboratory, Dharmais National Cancer Center Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ririn Hariani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Dharmais National Cancer Center Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nani Utami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Dharmais National Cancer Center Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Clinical Trial to Assess Physiology and Activity of Masticatory Muscles of Complete Denture Wearer Following Vitamin D Intervention. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020410. [PMID: 36837611 PMCID: PMC9961876 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Little information is available on the role of Vitamin D as a micro-nutrient deficiency with masticatory muscle efficiency and its effect on the function of removable prosthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of vitamin D on masticatory muscle activity among completely edentulous patients and its effect on the retention of removable complete dentures (RCDs). Materials and Methods: A non-randomized clinical control trial was conducted on completely edentulous patients (60.53 ± 7.01 years) in the Indian population between 2017 and 2019. Subjects were evaluated for temporomandibular disorders according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Serum Vitamin D (S Vit D) levels, Ultrasonography (USG), and surface Electromyography (sEMG) readings of the masseter muscle were recorded at enrolment (Level 0), after 3 months of Vitamin D therapy (Level 3), and after consecutive 3 months of maintenance therapy, i.e., after 6 months from baseline (Level 6). The fabrication of new RCDs was done for all after the enrolment, and the retention of RCDs was assessed by asking a question regarding denture retention and asking respondents to mark their satisfaction on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analysed using ANOVA, Paired'-test and Pearson correlation coefficients. A p-value less than 0.05 indicated a statistically significant association. Results: Between enrolment and a six-month follow-up, S Vit D levels showed an increase from 16.03 ± 5.68 ng/mL to 31.35 ± 9.28 ng/mL, showing an increase of 15.32 ± 9.38 ng/mL (95.57% rise). Statistically significant values were observed for USG and sEMG. Conclusions: Results showed that S Vit D affects masticatory muscle activity by improving its thickness and boosting its tonicity. Healthy muscles assist in the retention of RCDs, consequently aiding in mastication, speech, and phonetics, hence improving patient satisfaction. Clinical implication: Acknowledging the fact that the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency is worldwide. We suggest Vitamin D therapy as a nutritional intervention among the elderly completely edentulous population, following dietary counselling, and consider Vitamin D therapy to be an adjunct to nutritional counselling for improving masticatory muscle activity and efficiency, which aids in RCD retention and stability. Consequently, improving oral health-related quality of life for individuals.
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A Mathematical Model for Determining the Body's Fluctuating Need for and Synthesis of Active Vitamin D. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020324. [PMID: 36830861 PMCID: PMC9953299 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The process by which 1,25(OH)2D3 is synthesized and degraded and how it is transported out of the cell and body is described. The changing demand for the synthesis of 1-25(OH)2D3 during different conditions experienced by the body is reviewed. A method of determining 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis and demand, and the percent utilization of 25(OH)D3 to make 1,25(OH)2D3 is presented based on the measurement of the end metabolites of 1,25(OH)2D3 and of its immediate precursor, 25(OH)D3. A mathematical model has been developed to allow the calculation of 1,25(OH)2 D synthesis, and demand, and the percent utilization of 25(OH)D3. Simple algebraic equations have been derived which allow the calculation of these new parameters using the concentrations of the end metabolites of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its immediate precursor, 25(OH)D3 in the serum and urine. Vitamin D plays an important role in combating invading bacteria and viruses and in subduing the body's associated inflammatory response. This new approach to evaluating vitamin D status may help clinicians determine 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 levels needed to suppress bacterial infections, viral replication during new viral infections and the reactivation of latent viruses, and to downregulate the inflammatory responses caused by bacteria and viruses.
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13
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Acevedo LM, Vidal Á, Aguilera-Tejero E, Rivero JLL. Muscle plasticity is influenced by renal function and caloric intake through the FGF23-vitamin D axis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C14-C28. [PMID: 36409180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00306.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the main metabolic engine in the body of vertebrates, is endowed with great plasticity. The association between skeletal muscle plasticity and two highly prevalent health problems: renal dysfunction and obesity, which share etiologic links as well as many comorbidities, is a subject of great relevance. It is important to know how these alterations impact on the structure and function of skeletal muscle because the changes in muscle phenotype have a major influence on the quality of life of the patients. This literature review aims to discuss the influence of a nontraditional axis involving kidney, bone, and muscle on skeletal muscle plasticity. In this axis, the kidneys play a role as the main site for vitamin D activation. Renal disease leads to a direct decrease in 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D, secondary to reduction in renal functional mass, and has an indirect effect, through phosphate retention, that contributes to stimulate fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) secretion by bone cells. FGF23 downregulates the renal synthesis of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D and upregulates its metabolism. Skeletal production of FGF23 is also regulated by caloric intake: it is increased in obesity and decreased by caloric restriction, and these changes impact on 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D concentrations, which are decreased in obesity and increased after caloric restriction. Thus, both phosphate retention, that develops secondary to renal failure, and caloric intake influence 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D that in turn plays a key role in muscle anabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Acevedo
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, University of Cordoba, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Ángela Vidal
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Escolástico Aguilera-Tejero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - José-Luis L Rivero
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, University of Cordoba, Spain
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14
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Xu X, Talifu Z, Zhang CJ, Gao F, Ke H, Pan YZ, Gong H, Du HY, Yu Y, Jing YL, Du LJ, Li JJ, Yang DG. Mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury: A narrative review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1099143. [PMID: 36937344 PMCID: PMC10020380 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1099143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury leads to loss of innervation of skeletal muscle, decreased motor function, and significantly reduced load on skeletal muscle, resulting in atrophy. Factors such as braking, hormone level fluctuation, inflammation, and oxidative stress damage accelerate skeletal muscle atrophy. The atrophy process can result in skeletal muscle cell apoptosis, protein degradation, fat deposition, and other pathophysiological changes. Skeletal muscle atrophy not only hinders the recovery of motor function but is also closely related to many systemic dysfunctions, affecting the prognosis of patients with spinal cord injury. Extensive research on the mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy and intervention at the molecular level has shown that inflammation and oxidative stress injury are the main mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury and that multiple pathways are involved. These may become targets of future clinical intervention. However, most of the experimental studies are still at the basic research stage and still have some limitations in clinical application, and most of the clinical treatments are focused on rehabilitation training, so how to develop more efficient interventions in clinical treatment still needs to be further explored. Therefore, this review focuses mainly on the mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury and summarizes the cytokines and signaling pathways associated with skeletal muscle atrophy in recent studies, hoping to provide new therapeutic ideas for future clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Zuliyaer Talifu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Jia Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Han Ke
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Zhu Pan
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Han Gong
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Yong Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Li Jing
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Liang-Jie Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Jun Li
| | - De-Gang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- De-Gang Yang
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Mesinovic J, Rodriguez AJ, Cervo MM, Gandham A, Xu CL, Glavas C, de Courten B, Zengin A, Ebeling PR, Scott D. Vitamin D supplementation and exercise for improving physical function, body composition and metabolic health in overweight or obese older adults with vitamin D deficiency: a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:951-964. [PMID: 36333495 PMCID: PMC9638202 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D supplementation may have non-skeletal health benefits and enhance exercise responsiveness, particularly in those with low vitamin D levels. We determined whether, compared with placebo, vitamin D supplementation taken prior to and during a 12-week exercise program improves physical function, body composition or metabolic health, in overweight and obese older adults with vitamin D deficiency. METHODS Fifty overweight or obese older adults (mean ± SD age: 60 ± 6 years; BMI 30.6 ± 5.7 kg/m2) with vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] < 50 nmol/L) were recruited. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either vitamin D3 (4000 IU/day) or matching placebo for 24 weeks. Between weeks 12 and 24, all participants completed multi-modal exercise three days per week while continuing with vitamin D/placebo. Mean changes in physical function (primary outcome: gait speed), body composition and biochemical parameters at weeks 12 and 24 were compared between groups. RESULTS Vitamin D supplementation, with or without exercise, had no effect on gait speed. From baseline to week 12, vitamin D supplementation increased serum 25(OH)D levels (placebo: 2.5 ± 14.7 nmol/L; treatment: 43.4 ± 18.4 nmol/L; P < 0.001) and reduced stair climb times (placebo: 0.3 ± 1.0 s; treatment: - 0.2 ± 1.0 s; P = 0.046). From 12 to 24 weeks, vitamin D supplementation combined with exercise decreased waist circumference (placebo: 1.3 ± 7.3 cm; treatment: - 3.0 ± 6.1 cm; P = 0.02) and waist-to-hip ratio (placebo: 0.01 ± 0.05; treatment: - 0.03 ± 0.05; P = 0.01) relative to placebo. Vitamin D supplementation, with or without exercise, had no effect on other physical function, body composition or metabolic health outcomes. CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation had no effect on most physical function, body composition or metabolic health parameters when taken alone, or during exercise, in overweight or obese older adults with vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D-related improvements in stair climb times and waist circumference suggest that future trials should explore the effects of vitamin D on muscle power, and its effects on body composition when combined with exercise, in populations with moderate or severe vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Mesinovic
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3068, Australia. .,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Alexander J. Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3068 Australia ,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Mavil May Cervo
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3068 Australia
| | - Anoohya Gandham
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3068 Australia
| | - Cecilia L.H. Xu
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3068 Australia
| | - Costas Glavas
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3068 Australia ,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3068 Australia
| | - Ayse Zengin
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3068 Australia
| | - Peter R. Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3068 Australia
| | - David Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3068 Australia ,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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16
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Park EJ, Yoo SD. Vitamin D level in relation to phonetic function among subacute stroke patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31769. [PMID: 36550807 PMCID: PMC9771342 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many stroke patients with decreased phonation ability. Vitamin D is associated with weakness in muscle power and a decreased function of activity and is often accompanied by a deficiency of serum vitamin D in stroke patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between serum vitamin D level and phonetic function in subacute stroke patients. Among subacute stroke patients, patients with dysphonia were retrospectively recruited. Phonation function was assessed by acoustic analysis using the dysphonia severity index (DSI) and maximum phonation time for 4 corner vowels/a/,/i/,/u/, and/ae/. As a statistical method, the relationships of vitamin D levels with the maximum phonation time and DSI were evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. A total of 32 stroke patients with dysphonia were assessed. A positive correlation was found between vitamin D levels and the DSI of /a/, /u/, /i/, and/ae/. The DSI of/u/ was significantly lower in the group with vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D level was associated with phonation function and its deficiency may be a factor in predicting phonation severity in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eo Jin Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Don Yoo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, AgeTech-Service Convergence Major, Yongin, Korea
- * Correspondence: Seung Don Yoo, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892, Dongnam-ro, Gandong-gu, Seoul 05278, Korea (e-mail: )
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Bestwick-Stevenson T, Toone R, Neupert E, Edwards K, Kluzek S. Assessment of Fatigue and Recovery in Sport: Narrative Review. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1151-1162. [PMID: 35468639 DOI: 10.1055/a-1834-7177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fatigue is a phenomenon associated with decreases in both physical and cognitive performances and increases in injury occurrence. Competitive athletes are required to complete demanding training programs with high workloads to elicit the physiological and musculoskeletal adaptations plus skill acquisition necessary for performance. High workloads, especially sudden rapid increases in training loads, are associated with the occurrence of fatigue. At present, there is limited evidence elucidating the underlying mechanisms associating the fatigue generated by higher workloads and with an increase in injury risk. The multidimensional nature and manifestation of fatigue have led to differing definitions and dichotomies of the term. Consequently, a plethora of physiological, biochemical, psychological and performance markers have been proposed to measure fatigue and recovery. Those include self-reported scales, countermovement jump performance, heart rate variability, and saliva and serum biomarker analyses. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of fatigue and recovery plus methods of assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bestwick-Stevenson
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Rebecca Toone
- Mountain Biking, English Institute of Sport, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Emma Neupert
- School of Sport Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Kimberley Edwards
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Stefan Kluzek
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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18
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Lozano-Berges G, Matute-Llorente Á, Gómez-Bruton A, González-Agüero A, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Casajús JA. Do Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Affect Body Composition, Physical Fitness, Bone Strength and Bone Biomarkers in Female Children and Adolescent Football Players? A One-Season Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15394. [PMID: 36430113 PMCID: PMC9697430 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to compare changes in body composition, physical fitness, and bone biomarkers in female children and adolescent football players with different Vitamin D levels. Twenty-two players were classified into two groups according to 25(OH)D concentrations: 11 with deficient/insufficient 25(OH)D levels (IVD; <30 ng/mL) and 11 with sufficient 25(OH)D levels (SVD; ≥30 ng/mL). Body composition parameters were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and a peripheral quantitative computed tomography scanner. The following physical fitness tests were applied: maximal isometric knee extension (MIF), long jump, 30-m sprint, and 20-m shuttle run test (VO2max). Electrochemiluminescence immunoassays were used to analyze bone biomarkers and 25(OH)D. All variables were registered at the beginning and the end of the football season. The increase in subtotal bone mineral density (BMD) was higher in players with SVD than those with IVD (p = 0.030). Only players with SVD improved their MIF of the left leg (p = 0.005); whereas, only players with IVD decreased their 30-m sprint performance (p = 0.007) and VO2max (p = 0.046). No significant between- and within-group differences were found for bone biomarkers. SVD might cause an extra improvement of subtotal BMD in female children and adolescent football players. Moreover, it seems that the 25(OH)D concentration could be an important parameter for physical fitness improvement in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Lozano-Berges
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Matute-Llorente
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Bruton
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex González-Agüero
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Casajús
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Alfaqih MS, Tarawan VM, Sylviana N, Goenawan H, Lesmana R, Susianti S. Effects of Vitamin D on Satellite Cells: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:4558. [PMID: 36364820 PMCID: PMC9657163 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-classical role of vitamin D has been investigated in recent decades. One of which is related to its role in skeletal muscle. Satellite cells are skeletal muscle stem cells that play a pivotal role in skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. This systematic review aims to investigate the effect of vitamin D on satellite cells. A systematic search was performed in Scopus, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. In vivo studies assessing the effect of vitamin D on satellite cells, published in English in the last ten years were included. Thirteen in vivo studies were analyzed in this review. Vitamin D increases the proliferation of satellite cells in the early life period. In acute muscle injury, vitamin D deficiency reduces satellite cells differentiation. However, administering high doses of vitamin D impairs skeletal muscle regeneration. Vitamin D may maintain satellite cell quiescence and prevent spontaneous differentiation in aging. Supplementation of vitamin D ameliorates decreased satellite cells' function in chronic disease. Overall, evidence suggests that vitamin D affects satellite cells' function in maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis. Further research is needed to determine the most appropriate dose of vitamin D supplementation in a specific condition for the optimum satellite cells' function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Subhan Alfaqih
- Biomedical Science Master Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Prof Eyckman No.38, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Vita Murniati Tarawan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nova Sylviana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Goenawan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Susianti Susianti
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
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20
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Kim YJ, Moon S, Yu JM, Chung HS. Implication of diet and exercise on the management of age‐related sarcopenic obesity in Asians. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:695-704. [PMID: 35871525 PMCID: PMC9544230 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of sarcopenic obesity among adults aged ≥65 years is rising worldwide. Sarcopenic obesity is a high‐risk geriatric syndrome defined as a gain in the amount of adipose tissue along with the age‐related loss of muscle mass and strength or physical performance. Sarcopenic obesity is associated with increased risks of falls, physical limitations, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and/or mortality. Thus, the identification of preventive and treatment strategies against sarcopenic obesity is important for healthy aging. Diet and exercise are the reasons for the development of sarcopenic obesity and are key targets in its prevention and treatment. Regarding weight reduction alone, it is most effective to maintain a negative energy balance with dietary calorie restriction and aerobic exercise. However, it is important to preserve skeletal muscle mass while reducing fat mass. Resistance exercise and appropriate protein supply are the main ways of preserving skeletal muscle mass, as well as muscle function. Therefore, in order to improve sarcopenic obesity, a complex treatment strategy is needed to limit energy ingestion with proper nutrition and to increase multimodal exercises. In this review, we focus on recently updated interventions for diet and exercise and potential future management strategies for Asian individuals with aging‐related sarcopenic obesity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 695–704.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital College of Medicine, Hallym University Seoul South Korea
| | - Shinje Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital College of Medicine, Hallym University Seoul South Korea
| | - Jae Myung Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital College of Medicine, Hallym University Seoul South Korea
| | - Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital College of Medicine, Hallym University Seoul South Korea
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21
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β-Sitosterol Attenuates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Regulating FoxO1-Dependent Signaling in C2C12 Cell and Mice Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142894. [PMID: 35889851 PMCID: PMC9315776 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to a decline in muscle mass and strength with age, causing significant impairment in the ability to carry out normal daily functions and increased risk of falls and fractures, eventually leading to loss of independence. Maintaining protein homeostasis is an important factor in preventing muscle loss, and the decrease in muscle mass is caused by an imbalance between anabolism and catabolism of muscle proteins. Although β-sitosterol has various effects such as anti-inflammatory, protective effect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity, the mechanism of β-sitosterol effect on the catabolic pathway was not well known. β-sitosterol was assessed in vitro and in vivo using a dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy mice model and C2C12 myoblasts. β-sitosterol protected mice from dexamethasone-induced muscle mass loss. The thickness of gastrocnemius muscle myofibers was increased in dexamethasone with the β-sitosterol treatment group (DS). Grip strength and creatine kinase (CK) activity were also recovered when β-sitosterol was treated. The muscle loss inhibitory efficacy of β-sitosterol in dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotube was also verified in C2C12 myoblast. β-sitosterol also recovered the width of myotubes. The protein expression of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) was increased in dexamethasone-treated animal models and C2C12 myoblast, but it was reduced when β-sitosterol was treated. MuRF1 also showed similar results to MAFbx in the mRNA level of C2C12 myotubes. In addition, in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles of mouse models, Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) protein was increased in the dexamethasone-treated group (Dexa) compared with the control group and reduced in the DS group. Therefore, β-sitosterol would be a potential treatment agent for aging sarcopenia.
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22
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Russo C, Valle MS, Casabona A, Spicuzza L, Sambataro G, Malaguarnera L. Vitamin D Impacts on Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Patients with COPD Promoting Mitochondrial Health. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040898. [PMID: 35453648 PMCID: PMC9026965 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dysfunction is frequently associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by a permanent airflow limitation, with a worsening respiratory disorder during disease evolution. In COPD, the pathophysiological changes related to the chronic inflammatory state affect oxidant–antioxidant balance, which is one of the main mechanisms accompanying extra-pulmonary comorbidity such as muscle wasting. Muscle impairment is characterized by alterations on muscle fiber architecture, contractile protein integrity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Exogenous and endogenous sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are present in COPD pathology. One of the endogenous sources of ROS is represented by mitochondria. Evidence demonstrated that vitamin D plays a crucial role for the maintenance of skeletal muscle health. Vitamin D deficiency affects oxidative stress and mitochondrial function influencing disease course through an effect on muscle function in COPD patients. This review will focus on vitamin-D-linked mechanisms that could modulate and ameliorate the damage response to free radicals in muscle fibers, evaluating vitamin D supplementation with enough potent effect to contrast mitochondrial impairment, but which avoids potential severe side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Russo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Maria Stella Valle
- Section of Physiology, Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonino Casabona
- Section of Physiology, Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Lucia Spicuzza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Gianluca Sambataro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Lucia Malaguarnera
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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23
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Rihal V, Khan H, Kaur A, Singh TG. Vitamin D as therapeutic modulator in cerebrovascular diseases: a mechanistic perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7772-7794. [PMID: 35285752 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2050349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to several major chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer, linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging. Vitamin D deficiency appears to be particularly harmful to the cardiovascular system, as it can cause endothelial dysfunctioning and vascular abnormalities through the modulation of various downstream mechanisms. As a result, new research indicates that therapeutic approaches targeting vitamin D inadequacies or its significant downstream effects, such as impaired autophagy, abnormal pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant reactions, may delay the onset and severity of major cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke and neurologic malformations. Vitamin D modulates the various molecular pathways, i.e., Nitric Oxide, PI3K-Akt Pathway, cAMP pathway, NF-kB Pathway, Sirtuin 1, Nrf2, FOXO, in cerebrovascular disorder. The current review shows evidence for vitamin D's mitigating or slowing the progression of these cerebrovascular disorders, which are significant causes of disability and death worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Rihal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
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24
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Aleksova A, Janjusevic M, Gagno G, Pierri A, Padoan L, Fluca AL, Carriere C, Beltrami AP, Sinagra G. The Role of Exercise-Induced Molecular Processes and Vitamin D in Improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2022; 12:794641. [PMID: 35087418 PMCID: PMC8787056 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.794641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) still affects millions of people worldwide despite great advances in therapeutic approaches in the cardiovascular field. Remarkably, unlike pathological hypertrophy, exercise leads to beneficial cardiac hypertrophy characterized by normal or enhanced contractile function. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves cardiorespiratory fitness and, as a consequence, ameliorates the quality of life of patients with HF. Particularly, multiple studies demonstrated the improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) among patients with HF due to the various processes in the myocardium triggered by exercise. Exercise stimulates IGF-1/PI3K/Akt pathway activation involved in muscle growth in both the myocardium and skeletal muscle by regulating protein synthesis and catabolism. Also, physical activity stimulates the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway which regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In addition, emerging data pointed out the anti-inflammatory effects of exercises as well. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for clinicians to accurately evaluate the patient’s condition by performing a cardiopulmonary exercise test and/or a 6-min walking test. Portable devices with the possibility to measure exercise capacity proved to be very useful in this setting as well. The aim of this review is to gather together the molecular processes triggered by the exercise and available therapies in HF settings that could ameliorate heart performance, with a special focus on strategies such as exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Aleksova
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Milijana Janjusevic
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Gagno
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pierri
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Padoan
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lucia Fluca
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cosimo Carriere
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio Paolo Beltrami
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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25
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Changes of 25(OH)D Concentration, Bone Resorption Markers and Physical Performance as an Effect of Sun Exposure, Supplementation of Vitamin D and Lockdown among Young Soccer Players during a One-Year Training Season. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030521. [PMID: 35276883 PMCID: PMC8838295 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this research was to demonstrate the changes in 25(OH)D concentration, bone resorption markers, and physical fitness along the one-year training season in young soccer players. A total of 24 young soccer players (age: 17.2 ± 1.16 years, mass: 70.2 ± 5.84, height: 179.1 ± 4.26 cm) were tested at four different time points across one year (T1—September 2019; T2—December 2019; T3—May 2020; T4—August 2020). After T2 (during COVID-19 lockdown), players were divided into a supplemented (GS) group and a placebo group (GP). Variables such as 25(OH)D, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), parathyroid hormone (PTH), aerobic capacity, speed, and explosive power were measured. Analyses performed for all participants indicated significant changes in all selected blood markers and running speed. The highest values in 25(OH)D were noted during summertime in T1 and T4. After individuals were split into two groups, a two-factorial ANOVA demonstrated a significant time interaction for 25(OH)D, Ca, P, PTH, 30 m sprint, and counter-movement jump. Significant time x group effect was calculated for aerobic capacity. This study confirmed that 25(OH)D concentration varies between four seasons, with the greatest decreases in the low sunlight periods. Vitamin D supplementation did not cause a preventive and long-lasting effect of increasing the 25(OH)D concentration in the young soccer players.
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Factors associated with unintentional weight loss among older adults in a geriatric outpatient clinic of university hospital. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260233. [PMID: 34793549 PMCID: PMC8601429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unintentional weight loss (UWL) is defined as unintentional reduction of more than 5% of baseline body weight over 6 to 12 months. UWL is a common problem in the older adults, resulting in increased rate of morbidity and mortality. With specific reference to Thailand, no information on factors associated with UWL in older adults could be traced. The aims of this research were to identify the factors associated with UWL and to assess the common causes of UWL among older adults in the geriatric outpatient clinic of university hospital. Methods A case-control study was conducted from June 1st, 2020 to December 31st, 2020. Eighty older adults aged 60 years or older were enrolled in the UWL group while the non-UWL group consisted of 160 participants. Data collection was performed by structural questionnaire including baseline characteristics, psychosocial factors, health information, lifestyle behaviors, and medications. The factors associated with UWL were analyzed by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Causes of UWL were recorded from electronic medical records. Results The mean age of the 240 participants was 79.6 years (SD 7.4). Most patients were female (79.2%) and had fewer than 12 years of education (62.6%). The three common causes of UWL were reduced appetite (20.1%), dementia and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (13.7%) and medications (11.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score of >1 (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.37–4.73; P = 0.003), vitamin D deficiency (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.62–9.97; P = 0.003), and hemoglobin level of <12 g/dL (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.32–4.63; P = 0.005) were factors significantly associated with UWL. Conclusions Factors associated with UWL were CCI score >1, vitamin D deficiency, and hemoglobin level of <12 g/dl. The early detection of these associated factors, reduced appetite, dementia and polypharmacy may be important in UWL prevention in older adults.
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Krasniqi E, Boshnjaku A, Wagner KH, Wessner B. Association between Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Pathway-Related Genes, Vitamin D Status, Muscle Mass and Function: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:3109. [PMID: 34578986 PMCID: PMC8465200 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between vitamin D level and muscle-related traits has been frequently reported. Vitamin D level is dependent on various factors such as sunlight exposure and nutrition. But also on genetic factors. We, therefore, hypothesize that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the vitamin D pathway-related genes could contribute to muscle mass and function via an impact on vitamin D level. However, the integration of studies investigating these issues is still missing. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically identify and summarize the available evidence on the association between SNPs within vitamin D pathway-related genes and vitamin D status as well as various muscle traits in healthy adults. The review has been registered on PROSPERO and was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. In total, 77 studies investigating 497 SNPs in 13 different genes were included, with significant associations being reported for 59 different SNPs. Variations in GC, CYP2R1, VDR, and CYP24A1 genes were reported most frequently, whereby especially SNPs in the GC (rs2282679, rs4588, rs1155563, rs7041) and CYP2R1 genes (rs10741657, rs10766197, rs2060793) were confirmed to be associated with vitamin D level in more than 50% of the respective studies. Various muscle traits have been investigated only in relation to four different vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms (rs7975232, rs2228570, rs1544410, and rs731236). Interestingly, all of them showed only very low confirmation rates (6-17% of the studies). In conclusion, this systematic review presents one of the most comprehensive updates of the association of SNPs in vitamin D pathway-related genes with vitamin D status and muscle traits in healthy adults. It might be used for selecting candidate SNPs for further studies, but also for personalized strategies in identifying individuals at risk for vitamin D deficiency and eventually for determining a potential response to vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermira Krasniqi
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arben Boshnjaku
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
- Faculty of Medicine, University “Fehmi Agani” in Gjakova, Ismail Qemali n.n., 50000 Gjakovë, Kosovo
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wessner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
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28
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Pimenta I, Mateus H, Rodrigues-Manica S, Pinheiro-Torres R, Neto A, Domingues L, Lage Crespo C, Sardoo A, Machado P, Branco JC, Silva SN, Pimentel-Santos FM. The Effect of ACTN3 and VDR Polymorphisms on Skeletal Muscle Performance in Axial Spondyloarthropathies. Front Genet 2021; 12:688984. [PMID: 34456969 PMCID: PMC8385750 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.688984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spondyloarthritis (SpA) are the most common group of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases affecting about 1.5% of the adult Caucasian population. Low back pain is the most common symptom. The aetiopathogenesis of SpA is multifactorial, with well-known genetic and environmental contributions. Furthermore, muscle properties might also be involved in the pathophysiological process and these could be modulated by the genetic background. Alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) and Vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes are well-known genes related with muscle performance. Our aim was to analyze four SNPs of these genes and to evaluate their influence in axial SpA (axSpA) susceptibility, phenotype and muscle properties. Methods We performed a pilot study based on case-control approach involving 56 participants: 28 axSpA patients and 28 healthy controls matched by age, gender and levels of physical activity. Clinical, epidemiological and muscle characterization data—muscle physical properties (stiffness, tone, and elasticity), strength, mass, and performance, were collected. Two different muscles were considered for analysis, the Multifidus and Gastrocnemius. Four SNPs of ACTN3 (rs1815739) and VDR (rs2228570, rs731236, and rs7975232), were selected, analyzed and correlated with clinical, epidemiological and muscle characterization data. Results In total, 51 individuals (27 axSpA patients and 24 matched controls) were eligible for further genetic analysis, 66.7% being male and with a mean age of 36 years. Muscle physical properties, muscle strength and muscle mass were similar in both groups; however, axSpA patients showed a decrease in muscle performance. None of the studied SNPs were associated with disease susceptibility/phenotype, muscle physical properties, muscle strength or muscle mass. However, ACTN3 rs1815739 and VDR rs2228570 were shown to be associated with muscle performance. Conclusion Our results suggest an association between ACTN3 and VDR polymorphisms and muscle performance in axSpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pimenta
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Mateus
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Santiago Rodrigues-Manica
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Serviço de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Pinheiro-Torres
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Serviço de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Agna Neto
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Serviço de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Domingues
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Saúde, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Carolina Lage Crespo
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Atlas Sardoo
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Machado
- Centre for Rheumatology and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaime C Branco
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Serviço de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana N Silva
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando M Pimentel-Santos
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Serviço de Reumatologia, Lisboa, Portugal
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29
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Mølmen KS, Hammarström D, Pedersen K, Lian Lie AC, Steile RB, Nygaard H, Khan Y, Hamarsland H, Koll L, Hanestadhaugen M, Eriksen AL, Grindaker E, Whist JE, Buck D, Ahmad R, Strand TA, Rønnestad BR, Ellefsen S. Vitamin D 3 supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:599-628. [PMID: 33788419 PMCID: PMC8200443 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle therapy with resistance training is a potent measure to counteract age-related loss in muscle strength and mass. Unfortunately, many individuals fail to respond in the expected manner. This phenomenon is particularly common among older adults and those with chronic diseases (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) and may involve endocrine variables such as vitamin D. At present, the effects of vitamin D supplementation on responses to resistance training remain largely unexplored. METHODS Ninety-five male and female participants (healthy, n = 71; COPD, n = 24; age 68 ± 5 years) were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin D3 or placebo supplementation for 28 weeks in a double-blinded manner (latitude 61°N, September-May). Seventy-eight participants completed the RCT, which was initiated by 12 weeks of supplementation-only (two weeks with 10 000 IU/day, followed by 2000 IU/day), followed by 13 weeks of combined supplementation (2000 IU/day) and supervised whole-body resistance training (twice weekly), interspersed with testing and measurements. Outcome measures included multiple assessments of muscle strength (nvariables = 7), endurance performance (n = 6), and muscle mass (n = 3, legs, primary), as well as muscle quality (legs), muscle biology (m. vastus lateralis; muscle fibre characteristics, transcriptome), and health-related variables (e.g. visceral fat mass and blood lipid profile). For main outcome domains such as muscle strength and muscle mass, weighted combined factors were calculated from the range of singular assessments. RESULTS Overall, 13 weeks of resistance training increased muscle strength (13% ± 8%), muscle mass (9% ± 8%), and endurance performance (one-legged, 23% ± 15%; whole-body, 8% ± 7%), assessed as weighted combined factors, and were associated with changes in health variables (e.g. visceral fat, -6% ± 21%; [LDL]serum , -4% ± 14%) and muscle tissue characteristics such as fibre type proportions (e.g. IIX, -3% points), myonuclei per fibre (30% ± 65%), total RNA/rRNA abundances (15%/6-19%), and transcriptome profiles (e.g. 312 differentially expressed genes). Vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect training-associated changes for any of the main outcome domains, despite robust increases in [25(OH)D]serum (∆49% vs. placebo). No conditional effects were observed for COPD vs. healthy or pre-RCT [25(OH)D]serum . In secondary analyses, vitamin D3 affected expression of gene sets involved in vascular functions in muscle tissue and strength gains in participants with high fat mass, which advocates further study. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect muscular responses to resistance training in older adults with or without COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Sindre Mølmen
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Daniel Hammarström
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Karianne Pedersen
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Anne Cecilie Lian Lie
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Ragnvald B. Steile
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Håvard Nygaard
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Yusuf Khan
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
- Department of BiotechnologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesHamarNorway
| | - Håvard Hamarsland
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Lise Koll
- Innlandet Hospital TrustLillehammerNorway
| | | | | | - Eirik Grindaker
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | | | - Daniel Buck
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Rafi Ahmad
- Department of BiotechnologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesHamarNorway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT – The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Tor A. Strand
- Innlandet Hospital TrustLillehammerNorway
- Centre for International HealthUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Bent R. Rønnestad
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
| | - Stian Ellefsen
- Section for Health and Exercise PhysiologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesLillehammerNorway
- Innlandet Hospital TrustLillehammerNorway
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VITADIAL "Does correction of 25 OH-VITAmin D with cholecalciferol supplementation increase muscle strength in hemoDIALysis patients?": study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:364. [PMID: 34034786 PMCID: PMC8146204 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle strength decreases as kidney failure progresses. Low muscle strength affects more than 50% of hemodialysis patients and leads to daily life activities impairment. In the general population, numerous studies have linked low 25OH-vitamin D (25OHD) concentrations to the loss of the muscle strength and low physical performances. Data on native vitamin D and muscle function are scarce in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population, but low 25OHD levels have been associated with poor muscle strength. We present in this article the protocol of an ongoing study named VITADIAL testing if cholecalciferol supplementation in hemodialysis patients with low 25OHD improves their muscle strength. METHODS/DESIGN VITADIAL is a prospective open randomized French multicenter study. All patients will have 25OHD levels ≤50nmol/L at randomization. One group will receive 100,000 UI cholecalciferol once a month during 6 months; the other group will receive no treatment during 6 months. In order to randomize patients with 25OHD ≤50nmol/L, supplemented patients will undergo a 3 months wash-out period renewable 3 times (maximum of 12 months wash-out) until 25OHD reaches a level ≤50nmol/L. The main objective of this study is to analyze if a 6-month period of oral cholecalciferol (i.e., native vitamin D) supplementation improves muscle strength of hemodialysis patients with low 25OHD vitamin D levels. Muscle strength will be assessed at 0, 3, and 6 months, by handgrip strength measured with a quantitative dynamometer. Secondary objectives are (1) to analyze 25OHD plasma levels after vitamin D wash-out and/or supplementation, as well as factors associated with 25OHD lowering speed during wash-out, and (2) to analyze if this supplementation improves patient's autonomy, reduces frailty risk, and improves quality of life. Fifty-four patients are needed in each group to meet our main objective. DISCUSSION In the general population, around 30 randomized studies analyzed the effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength. These studies had very different designs, sizes, and studied population. Globally, these studies and the meta-analysis of studies favor a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength, but this effect is mainly found in the subgroup of aged patients and those with the lowest 25OHD concentrations at inclusion. We reported a positive independent association between 25OHD and handgrip strength in a population of 130 hemodialysis patients in a dose-dependent manner. In our cohort, a plateau effect was observed above 75 nmol/L. Only two randomized studies analyzed the effect of native vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength in hemodialysis patients, but unfortunately, these two studies were underpowered. VITADIAL is a trial specifically designed to assess whether cholecalciferol might benefit to hemodialysis patient's muscle strength. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04262934 . Registered on 10 February 2020 - Retrospectively registered.
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Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle to Counteract Sarcopenia in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease and Especially Those Undergoing Hemodialysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051538. [PMID: 34063269 PMCID: PMC8147474 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Life extension in modern society has introduced new concepts regarding such disorders as frailty and sarcopenia, which has been recognized in various studies. At the same time, cutting-edge technology methods, e.g., renal replacement therapy for conditions such as hemodialysis (HD), have made it possible to protect patients from advanced lethal chronic kidney disease (CKD). Loss of muscle and fat mass, termed protein energy wasting (PEW), has been recognized as prognostic factor and, along with the increasing rate of HD introduction in elderly individuals in Japan, appropriate countermeasures are necessary. Although their origins differ, frailty, sarcopenia, and PEW share common components, among which skeletal muscle plays a central role in their etiologies. The nearest concept may be sarcopenia, for which diagnosis techniques have recently been reported. The focus of this review is on maintenance of skeletal muscle against aging and CKD/HD, based on muscle physiology and pathology. Clinically relevant and topical factors related to muscle wasting including sarcopenia, such as vitamin D, myostatin, insulin (related to diabetes), insulin-like growth factor I, mitochondria, and physical inactivity, are discussed. Findings presented thus far indicate that in addition to modulation of the aforementioned factors, exercise combined with nutritional supplementation may be a useful approach to overcome muscle wasting and sarcopenia in elderly patients undergoing HD treatments.
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Valtueña J, Aparicio-Ugarriza R, Medina D, Lizarraga A, Rodas G, González-Gross M, Drobnic F. Vitamin D Status in Spanish Elite Team Sport Players. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041311. [PMID: 33921150 PMCID: PMC8071574 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low vitamin D is usual; however, data are limited for elite team players. The aim was to investigate the vitamin D levels in Football Club Barcelona (FCB) first division players of six sport modalities. Ninety-five elite male players (27.3 ± 4.6 y) belonging to FCB provided data for vitamin D throughout a season. In this study, 25(OH)D was measured in serum by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Outdoor/indoor training and supplementation were also considered. Total mean 25(OH)D concentrations were 91.9 ± 23.1 nmol/L in all players, with higher mean levels among supplemented players (94.7 ± 24.3 nmol/L). Around 25% of the team players were below optimal levels (<75 nmol/L), but none were below 50 nmol/L. Caucasian, supplemented football and handball players had the highest mean vitamin D concentrations over the whole year, whereas basketball players (indoor training) had the lowest ones. The highest rate of vitamin D insufficiency was found in spring (40%). A positive significant effect was observed for the interaction between indoor/outdoor training and supplementation with 25(OH)D concentrations (p < 0.05). Those team players training outdoors with supplementation had higher total vitamin D concentrations than those with indoors training and/or supplementation. A positive interaction of outdoor training with supplementation exists to determine 25(OH)D concentrations in team players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jara Valtueña
- ImFine Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (R.A.-U.)
| | - Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza
- ImFine Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (R.A.-U.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Medina
- Medical Services FC Barcelona, 08970 Barcelona, Spain; (D.M.); (A.L.); (G.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Antonia Lizarraga
- Medical Services FC Barcelona, 08970 Barcelona, Spain; (D.M.); (A.L.); (G.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Gil Rodas
- Medical Services FC Barcelona, 08970 Barcelona, Spain; (D.M.); (A.L.); (G.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFine Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.); (R.A.-U.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-910677980
| | - Franchek Drobnic
- Medical Services FC Barcelona, 08970 Barcelona, Spain; (D.M.); (A.L.); (G.R.); (F.D.)
- GIRSANE-CAR (Centre d’Alt Rendiment Sant Cugat del Vallès), 08173 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
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Seasonal Changes in 25(OH)D Concentration in Young Soccer Players-Implication for Bone Resorption Markers and Physical Performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062932. [PMID: 33809324 PMCID: PMC8000093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Searching for potential relations between changes in 25(OH)D concentration and in physical fitness is an interesting scientific topic. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in serum concentrations of 25(OH)D in young football players in conjunction with indicators determining bone resorption and physical fitness. A total of 35 young soccer players were tested during the autumn competition period. Biochemical analysis of blood, aerobic capacity, running speed and power tests (Wingate test, squat jump, counter movement jump) were carried out at the beginning and at the end of the competition period. Significant decrements in concentration of 25(OH)D from 33.9 ± 5.87 to 23.7 ± 5.58 ng/mL were noted after the analyzed competition period. There were no significant changes in aerobic capacity along the competition period. Significant improvements were observed in 10 m sprint, 30 m sprint (p < 0.001), maximal power (p = 0.011) and total work capacity (p = 0.024). We found that the effect of changes in the players' physical fitness does not occur in relation to 25 OH(D) concentration but occurs when these changes are analyzed as a function of the duration of the observation period. Changes in physical fitness of soccer players are determined by other factors then 25(OH)D concentration.
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Srivastava A, Gupta RC, Doss RB, Lall R. Trace Minerals, Vitamins and Nutraceuticals in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:395-429. [PMID: 33682615 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1890662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first officially diagnosed in the city of Wuhan, China in January 2020. In reality, the disease was identified in December 2019 in the same city where patients began showing symptoms of pneumonia of unidentified origin. Very soon the disease became a global pandemic due to the suppression of information in the country of origin and inadequate testing for the COVID-19 virus. Currently, > 101 million people have been found positive for this virus and > 2.17 million people have died. There are no signs that COVID-19 is slowing down. This deadly virus affects multiple vital organs (lungs, heart, nervous system, blood, and immune system), yet its exact mechanism of pathophysiology remains obscure. Depending on the viral load, sick people often show symptoms of fever, cough, shortness of breath, coagulopathy, cardiac abnormalities, fatigue, and death. Great strides have been made in COVID-19 testing, thereby allowing timely therapeutic intervention. Currently, vaccines are on the market from Pfizer, Moderna and Astra Zeneca with limited supply. Phase III clinical trials are also underway from other manufacturers. In the current scenario, nutraceuticals and other phyto-mineral supplements appear to be promising alternative solutions for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh C Gupta
- Breathitt Veterinary Center, Toxicology Department, Murray State University, Hopkinsville, KY, USA
| | - Robin B Doss
- Breathitt Veterinary Center, Toxicology Department, Murray State University, Hopkinsville, KY, USA
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Vidal A, Rios R, Pineda C, Lopez I, Raya AI, Aguilera-Tejero E, Rivero JLL. Increased 1,25(OH) 2-Vitamin D Concentrations after Energy Restriction Are Associated with Changes in Skeletal Muscle Phenotype. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020607. [PMID: 33673262 PMCID: PMC7918565 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of energy restriction (ER) on muscle is controversial, and the mechanisms are not well understood. To study the effect of ER on skeletal muscle phenotype and the influence of vitamin D, rats (n = 34) were fed a control diet or an ER diet. Muscle mass, muscle somatic index (MSI), fiber-type composition, fiber size, and metabolic activity were studied in tibialis cranialis (TC) and soleus (SOL) muscles. Plasma vitamin D metabolites and renal expression of enzymes involved in vitamin D metabolism were measured. In the ER group, muscle weight was unchanged in TC and decreased by 12% in SOL, but MSI increased in both muscles (p < 0.0001) by 55% and 36%, respectively. Histomorphometric studies showed 14% increase in the percentage of type IIA fibers and 13% reduction in type IIX fibers in TC of ER rats. Decreased size of type I fibers and reduced oxidative activity was identified in SOL of ER rats. An increase in plasma 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D (169.7 ± 6.8 vs. 85.4 ± 11.5 pg/mL, p < 0.0001) with kidney up-regulation of CYP27b1 and down-regulation of CYP24a1 was observed in ER rats. Plasma vitamin D correlated with MSI in both muscles (p < 0.001), with the percentages of type IIA and type IIX fibers in TC and with the oxidative profile in SOL. In conclusion, ER preserves skeletal muscle mass, improves contractile phenotype in phasic muscles (TC), and reduces energy expenditure in antigravity muscles (SOL). These beneficial effects are closely related to the increases in vitamin D secondary to ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Vidal
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (A.V.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (I.L.); (A.I.R.)
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Rios
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (A.V.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (I.L.); (A.I.R.)
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Pineda
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (A.V.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (I.L.); (A.I.R.)
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lopez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (A.V.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (I.L.); (A.I.R.)
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana I. Raya
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (A.V.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (I.L.); (A.I.R.)
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Escolastico Aguilera-Tejero
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (A.V.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (I.L.); (A.I.R.)
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957-21-8714
| | - Jose-Luis L. Rivero
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Pathological Anatomy, and Toxicology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain;
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Kamimura H, Sato T, Natsui K, Kobayashi T, Yoshida T, Kamimura K, Tsuchiya A, Murayama T, Yokoyama J, Kawai H, Takamura M, Terai S. Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment of Sarcopenia in Liver Disease: A Review of Current Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031425. [PMID: 33572604 PMCID: PMC7867020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging or in association with various diseases. The condition is prevalent worldwide and occurs more frequently in patients with chronic diseases owing to the intrinsic relationship of muscles with glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. Liver cirrhosis is characterized by the progression of necro-inflammatory liver diseases, which leads to fibrosis, portal hypertension, and a catabolic state, which causes loss of muscle tissue. Sarcopenia is of significant concern in the state of liver cirrhosis because sarcopenia has been associated with higher mortality, increased hospital admissions, worse post-liver transplant outcomes, decreased quality of life, and increased risk for other complications associated with cirrhosis. Therefore, sarcopenia is also an important feature of liver cirrhosis, representing a negative prognostic factor and influencing mortality. An increased understanding of sarcopenia could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches that could help improve the cognitive impairment of cirrhotic patients; therefore, we present a review of the mechanisms and diagnosis of sarcopenia in liver disease and existing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroteru Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
- Nutrition Support Team, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8510, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-227-2207
| | - Takeki Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Kazuki Natsui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Takamasa Kobayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Tomoaki Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Toshiko Murayama
- Nutrition Support Team, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8510, Japan;
| | - Junji Yokoyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
- Nutrition Support Team, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8510, Japan;
| | - Hirokazu Kawai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Masaaki Takamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
- Nutrition Support Team, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8510, Japan;
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Fronczek M, Strzelczyk JK, Osadnik T, Biernacki K, Ostrowska Z. VDR Gene Polymorphisms in Healthy Individuals with Family History of Premature Coronary Artery Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:8832478. [PMID: 33564343 PMCID: PMC7867440 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8832478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The gene encoding the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is considered in many studies to be a good candidate responsible for susceptibility to several diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD). Epidemiological data show that cardiovascular disease is one of the major health problems in Polish society. Basic studies show that genetic factors play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CAD. We conducted this clinical study to determine if the VDR gene polymorphisms TaqI (rs731236), ApaI (rs7975232), and FokI (rs2228570) could predispose healthy individuals to an increased risk of premature CAD (P-CAD) incidents. METHODS We genotyped 845 subjects in a cohort consisting of 386 healthy volunteers with a documented P-CAD incident in their first-degree relatives and 459 healthy volunteers without family history (FH) of P-CAD. TaqI, ApaI, and FokI polymorphisms in VDR were genotyped using TaqMan assays and the endpoint genotyping method (qPCR). Statistical analyses were performed using the Power Analysis Software STATISTICA v.13.3. RESULTS Although no statistical significance was found for TaqI and ApaI genotype frequencies, the AA genotype of FokI polymorphism was significantly more frequent in the study group compared to the control group (24.61% vs. 16.99%). The results of logistic regression analysis suggested a significant association between FokI polymorphism and FH of P-CAD in heathy people under the recessive model (OR: 1.26 (1.07-1.49, p = 0.007)); however, the frequency of VDR haplotypes did not differ significantly between the control and study populations. CONCLUSIONS FokI polymorphism is may be associated with FH of P-CAD. FokI polymorphism may predispose to the development of P-CAD among healthy people over the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Fronczek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-055, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-055, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Osadnik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-055, Poland
- Second Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Biernacki
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-055, Poland
| | - Zofia Ostrowska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-055, Poland
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Jaffey JA, Matheson J, Shumway K, Pacholec C, Ullal T, Van den Bossche L, Fieten H, Ringold R, Lee KJ, DeClue AE. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with gallbladder mucocele. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244102. [PMID: 33326487 PMCID: PMC7743984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder mucocele (GBM) is a common biliary disorder in dogs. Gallbladder hypokinesia has been proposed to contribute to its formation and progression. The specific cause of gallbladder stasis in dogs with GBM as well as viable treatment options to resolve dysmotility remains unknown. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the many potential causes of gallbladder hypokinesia in humans and repletion results in complete resolution of stasis. Improving our understanding of the relationship between serum vitamin D and GBM could help identify dogs as a model for humans with gallbladder hypokinesia. Furthermore, this relationship could provide insight into the pathogenesis of GBM and support the need for future studies to investigate vitamin D as a novel treatment target. Therefore, goals of this study were i) to determine if serum 25-hydroxyvitamin(OH)D concentrations were decreased in dogs with GBM, ii) if serum 25(OH)D concentrations were different in clinical versus dogs subclinical for GBM, and iii) to determine if serum 25(OH)D concentrations could predict the ultrasonographic type of GBM. Sixty-two dogs (clinical, n = 26; subclinical, n = 36) with GBM and 20 healthy control dogs were included in this prospective observational study. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured with a competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Overall, dogs with GBM had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations than control dogs (P = 0.004). Subsequent subgroup analysis indicated that this difference was only significant in the subclinical group compared to the control dogs (P = 0.008), and serum 25(OH)D concentrations did not significantly differ between dogs clinical for GBM versus subclinical or control dogs, indicating that inflammatory state in clinical dogs was not the major constituent of the observed findings. Decreasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations, but not clinical status, was associated with a more advanced developmental stage of GBM type determined by ultrasonography. Our results indicate that vitamin D has a role in dogs with GBM. Additional studies are needed to assess if reduced vitamin D in dogs with GBM is a cause or effect of their biliary disease and to investigate if vitamin D supplementation could be beneficial for dogs with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jodi Matheson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kate Shumway
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Christina Pacholec
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Tarini Ullal
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Van den Bossche
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Randy Ringold
- VDI Laboratory, LLC, Simi Valley, California, United States of America
| | - Keun Jung Lee
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Amy E. DeClue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity duration is more important than timing for physical function in older adults. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21344. [PMID: 33288797 PMCID: PMC7721720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive association between the total duration of physical activity and performances of physical function may vary at different times of the day as circadian rhythm regulates individuals in response to external stimulations. We aimed to examine the association of timing-specific and overall moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with performances of physical function in older adults. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 118 older adults (mean age = 70.0 ± 5.0 years). We assessed and identified timing-specific (morning: 06:01–12:00; afternoon: 12:01–18:00; evening: 18:01–24:00) and overall MVPA using a triaxial accelerometer. Different measures of physical function were evaluated including handgrip strength (by grip dynamometer), gait speed (5-m walk test), basic functional mobility (timed up and go test), and lower limb strength (five times sit-to-stand test). Multivariate linear regression models adjusting for covariates were used to investigate the associations. Participants spent 25.0 (± 26.2) minutes in MVPA per day on average, half the time spent during the morning (47.7%), followed by during the afternoon (29.9%) and evening (21.6%). The time spent on overall MVPA was generally associated with better physical function performances. There was statistical evidence for the percentages of MVPA engagement during the morning [B = 0.214, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.001 to 0.428] and afternoon (B = − 0.273, 95% CI − 0.518 to − 0.027) associated with basic functional mobility but with contrary directions; the percentage of MVPA engagement during the evening was associated with less time spent in gait speed performance (B = − 0.237, 95% CI − 0.468 to − 0.006). Our findings inform implications that the overall MVPA engagement was more important than timing-specific MVPA to older adults’ physical function performances. Strategies for accumulating time of MVPA is more practical and effective than encouraging to engage MVPA in specific timing for the enhancement of functional ability and therefore prevent disability among older adults.
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Di Luigi L, Antinozzi C, Piantanida E, Sgrò P. Vitamin D, sport and health: a still unresolved clinical issue. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1689-1702. [PMID: 32632904 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D metabolites have a pleiotropic role in human physiology, both in static and dynamic conditions, and a lot of vitamin D-related biological effects could influence physical and sport performances in athletes. Probably due to different factors (e.g., drugs, doping, nutrition, ultraviolet B radiation exposure), in athletes a very high prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy (i.e., deficiency or insufficiency) has been observed. Vitamin D inadequacy in athletes could be associated with specific health risks and to alterations of functional capacities, potentially influencing the fine adjustment of physical performances during training and sport competitions. When risk factors for vitamin D inadequacy exist, a preventive vitamin D supplementation is indicated, and if a vitamin D inadequacy is diagnosed, its supplementation is recommended. Unfortunately, on these issues many concerns remain unresolved. Indeed, it is not clear if athletes should be classified as a special population at increased risk for vitamin D inadequacy; moreover, in comparison to the non-athletic population, it is still not clear if athletes should have different reference ranges and different optimal target levels for serum vitamin D, if they have additional health risks, and if they need different type of supplementations (doses) for prevention and/or replacement therapy. Moreover, in athletes also the abuse of vitamin D supplements for ergogenic purposes raise different ethical and safety concerns. In this review, the main physio-pathological, functional and clinical issues that relate vitamin D to the world of athletes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Di Luigi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Roma "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 6, 00135, Rome, Italy.
| | - C Antinozzi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Roma "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 6, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - E Piantanida
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via Ravasi 2, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - P Sgrò
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Roma "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 6, 00135, Rome, Italy
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Welch C, Greig C, Masud T, Wilson D, Jackson TA. COVID-19 and Acute Sarcopenia. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1345-1351. [PMID: 33269092 PMCID: PMC7673845 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating global impact, with older adults being most at risk of death from the disease. However, acute sarcopenia occurs in survivors of COVID-19; older adults and the most critically unwell patients are the most at risk. Acute sarcopenia is an under-recognised condition of acute muscle insufficiency, defined by declines in muscle function and/or quantity within six months, usually following a stressor event. This commentary reviews definition and mechanisms of acute sarcopenia in COVID-19 and suggests recommendations for research and clinical practice. Research should now focus on the longer-term consequences of acute sarcopenia in patients who have suffered from COVID-19. At the same time, clinicians need to be increasingly aware of the condition, and measurements of muscle strength, quantity, and physical performance should be embedded into clinical practice. Clinicians should consider the risks of acute sarcopenia when weighing up the risks and benefits of treatment (e.g. dexamethasone), and instigate multidisciplinary treatment including dietetics input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Welch
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, UK.
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK.
| | - Carolyn Greig
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, UK.
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Tahir Masud
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, UK.
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Daisy Wilson
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK.
| | - Thomas A Jackson
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, UK.
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK.
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Brown JC, Rosenthal MH, Ma C, Zhang S, Nimeiri HS, McCleary NJ, Abrams TA, Yurgelun MB, Cleary JM, Rubinson DA, Schrag D, Bullock AJ, Allen J, Zuckerman D, Chan E, Chan JA, Wolpin B, Constantine M, Weckstein DJ, Faggen MA, Thomas CA, Kournioti C, Yuan C, Zheng H, Hollis BW, Fuchs CS, Ng K, Meyerhardt JA. Effect of High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Vitamin D 3 Supplementation on Body Composition among Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113451. [PMID: 33233566 PMCID: PMC7699725 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue express the vitamin D receptor and may be a mechanism through which vitamin D supplementation slows cancer progression and reduces cancer death. It is unknown if high-dose vitamin D3 impacts skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, as compared with standard-dose vitamin D3, in patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. In this exploratory analysis of a phase II randomized trial, high-dose vitamin D3 did not lead to changes of body weight, body mass index, muscle area, muscle attenuation, visceral adipose tissue area, or subcutaneous adipose tissue area, as compared with standard-dose vitamin D3. High-dose vitamin D3 did not change body composition in patients receiving chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. Abstract Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue express the vitamin D receptor and may be a mechanism through which vitamin D supplementation slows cancer progression and reduces cancer death. In this exploratory analysis of a double-blind, multicenter, randomized phase II clinical trial, 105 patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer who were receiving chemotherapy were randomized to either high-dose vitamin D3 (4000 IU) or standard-dose (400 IU) vitamin D3. Body composition was measured with abdominal computed tomography at enrollment (baseline) and after cycle 8 of chemotherapy (16 weeks). As compared with standard-dose vitamin D3, high-dose vitamin D3 did not significantly change body weight [−0.7 kg; (95% CI: −3.5, 2.0)], body mass index [−0.2 kg/m2; (95% CI: −1.2, 0.7)], muscle area [−1.7 cm2; (95% CI: −9.6, 6.3)], muscle attenuation [−0.4 HU; (95% CI: −4.2, 3.2)], visceral adipose tissue area [−7.5 cm2; (95% CI: −24.5, 9.6)], or subcutaneous adipose tissue area [−8.3 cm2; (95% CI: −35.5, 18.9)] over the first 8 cycles of chemotherapy. Among patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer, the addition of high-dose vitamin D3, vs standard-dose vitamin D3, to standard chemotherapy did not result in any changes in body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Brown
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-225-763-2715
| | - Michael H. Rosenthal
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.H.R.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (N.J.M.); (T.A.A.); (M.B.Y.); (J.M.C.); (D.A.R.); (D.S.); (J.A.C.); (B.W.); (C.Y.); (K.N.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Chao Ma
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.H.R.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (N.J.M.); (T.A.A.); (M.B.Y.); (J.M.C.); (D.A.R.); (D.S.); (J.A.C.); (B.W.); (C.Y.); (K.N.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Sui Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.H.R.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (N.J.M.); (T.A.A.); (M.B.Y.); (J.M.C.); (D.A.R.); (D.S.); (J.A.C.); (B.W.); (C.Y.); (K.N.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Halla S. Nimeiri
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Nadine J. McCleary
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.H.R.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (N.J.M.); (T.A.A.); (M.B.Y.); (J.M.C.); (D.A.R.); (D.S.); (J.A.C.); (B.W.); (C.Y.); (K.N.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Thomas A. Abrams
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.H.R.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (N.J.M.); (T.A.A.); (M.B.Y.); (J.M.C.); (D.A.R.); (D.S.); (J.A.C.); (B.W.); (C.Y.); (K.N.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Matthew B. Yurgelun
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.H.R.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (N.J.M.); (T.A.A.); (M.B.Y.); (J.M.C.); (D.A.R.); (D.S.); (J.A.C.); (B.W.); (C.Y.); (K.N.); (J.A.M.)
| | - James M. Cleary
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.H.R.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (N.J.M.); (T.A.A.); (M.B.Y.); (J.M.C.); (D.A.R.); (D.S.); (J.A.C.); (B.W.); (C.Y.); (K.N.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Douglas A. Rubinson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.H.R.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (N.J.M.); (T.A.A.); (M.B.Y.); (J.M.C.); (D.A.R.); (D.S.); (J.A.C.); (B.W.); (C.Y.); (K.N.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Deborah Schrag
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.H.R.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (N.J.M.); (T.A.A.); (M.B.Y.); (J.M.C.); (D.A.R.); (D.S.); (J.A.C.); (B.W.); (C.Y.); (K.N.); (J.A.M.)
| | | | - Jill Allen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (J.A.); (H.Z.)
| | - Dan Zuckerman
- St Luke’s Mountain States Tumor Institute, Boise, ID 83712, USA;
| | - Emily Chan
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Jennifer A. Chan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.H.R.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (N.J.M.); (T.A.A.); (M.B.Y.); (J.M.C.); (D.A.R.); (D.S.); (J.A.C.); (B.W.); (C.Y.); (K.N.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Brian Wolpin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.H.R.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (N.J.M.); (T.A.A.); (M.B.Y.); (J.M.C.); (D.A.R.); (D.S.); (J.A.C.); (B.W.); (C.Y.); (K.N.); (J.A.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chen Yuan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.H.R.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (N.J.M.); (T.A.A.); (M.B.Y.); (J.M.C.); (D.A.R.); (D.S.); (J.A.C.); (B.W.); (C.Y.); (K.N.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Hui Zheng
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (J.A.); (H.Z.)
| | - Bruce W. Hollis
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | | | - Kimmie Ng
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.H.R.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (N.J.M.); (T.A.A.); (M.B.Y.); (J.M.C.); (D.A.R.); (D.S.); (J.A.C.); (B.W.); (C.Y.); (K.N.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.H.R.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (N.J.M.); (T.A.A.); (M.B.Y.); (J.M.C.); (D.A.R.); (D.S.); (J.A.C.); (B.W.); (C.Y.); (K.N.); (J.A.M.)
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Zhao D, Li J, Fu P, Hao W, Yuan Y, Yu C, Jing Z, Wang Y, Zhou C. What Role Does Activity Engagement Play in the Association between Cognitive Frailty and Falls among Older Adults? Evidence from Rural Shandong, China. Gerontology 2020; 66:593-602. [PMID: 33045703 DOI: 10.1159/000510639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between cognitive frailty and falls among older adults. Activity engagement (AE) is known to be related to falls in older adults but the subject has been limited to empirical study. This study aimed to explore the mediating role of AE between cognitive frailty and falls among older adults in rural Shandong, China. METHODS A total of 3,242 rural seniors (age ≥60 years; 63.6% women) were included in this cross-sectional study. Regression and bootstrap analyses were performed to explore the mediating role of AE between cognitive frailty and falls. RESULTS The prevalence of falls was 13.1% and the prevalence of cognitive frailty was 6.6% among the participants. AE mediated the association between cognitive frailty and falls (95% CI 0.077-0.223). However, the direct effect was no longer significant after being adjusted for AE (95% CI -0.037 to 0.684; p = 0.078). CONCLUSION Cognitive frailty was found to be associated with falls among rural older adults, and AE mediated this association. More attention should be paid to promote AE among Chinese rural older adults with cognitive frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peipei Fu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenting Hao
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yemin Yuan
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Caiting Yu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhengyue Jing
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China, .,NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China,
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Prabhakar O, Bhuvaneswari M. Role of diet and lifestyle modification in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes. Tzu Chi Med J 2020; 33:135-145. [PMID: 33912410 PMCID: PMC8059462 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_86_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as the hepatic evidence of insulin resistance which is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes. NAFLD is considered as the risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and has a high frequency of occurrence in those with existing type 2 diabetes. Compared with patients with only NAFLD or type 2 diabetes, these patients show a poor metabolic profile and increase mortality. Hence, effective treatment strategies are necessary. Here, we review the role of diet and lifestyle modification in the management of NAFLD and type 2 diabetes. Based on the available studies, it has been shown that the addition of any kind of physical activity or exercise is beneficial for patients with both NAFLD and type 2 diabetes. Proper dietary management leads to weight loss are also effective in improving metabolic parameters in patients with both NAFLD and type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, it is clear that increasing physical activity or exercise is effective in improving metabolic parameters in patients who are suffering with both NAFLD and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsu Prabhakar
- Department of Pharmacology, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mylipilli Bhuvaneswari
- Department of Pharmacology, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Chen C, Turner B, Applegate TJ, Litta G, Kim WK. Role of long-term supplementation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 on egg production and egg quality of laying hen. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6899-6906. [PMID: 33248605 PMCID: PMC7704968 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD) on pullet and egg-laying hen growth performance, egg production, and egg quality. Three hundred and ninety 1-day-old Hy-Line W36 pullets were randomly allocated to 3 treatments with 10 replicated cages and 13 birds per cage. Dietary treatments were vitamin D3 at 2,760 IU/kg (D); vitamin D3 at 5,520 IU/kg (DD), and vitamin D3 at 2,760 IU/kg plus 25OHD at 2,760 IU (69 μg)/kg (25D). Body weight and feed intake were recorded at the end of each stage: starter 1 (0–3 wk), starter 2 (4–6 wk), grower (7–12 wk), developer (13–15 wk), prelay (15–17 wk), peaking (18–38 wk), layer 2 (39–48 wk), layer 3 (49–60 wk), layer 4 (61–75 wk), and layer 5 (76–95 wk). Egg production was recorded daily. Egg quality was evaluated every 8 wk starting from 25 wk. There was no difference in growth performance during the rearing period (0–17 wk). In the laying period (18–95 wk), DD showed lower feed intake at layer 2, but higher intake at layer 3 along with lower hen day production (HDP) from 22 to 48 wk compared to the other treatments. During the same period, the DD group laid smaller eggs with higher specific gravity and shell thickness compared with the other treatments or D alone at 40 wk, which may be partly due to the lower body weight. In contrast, 25D had better feed conversion ratio (feed intake per dozen of eggs) at layer 2, and higher overall (22–60 wk) HDP compared with DD. For the egg quality analysis, at 25 and 33 wk, both DD and 25D had higher Haugh unit compared with D. However, 25OHD has no effects on eggshell quality during the entire production period and no beneficial effects on egg production during the later laying period (after 60 wk). In summary, long-term and early supplementation of 25OHD has positive effects on egg production and egg quality, and the beneficial effects were mainly observed during the early laying stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chen
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - B Turner
- DSM Nutritional Products, North America, Animal Nutrition and Health, Parsippany, NJ 07054, USA
| | - T J Applegate
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Gilberto Litta
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - W K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Luiz MM, Máximo R, Oliveira DC, Ramírez PC, de Souza AF, Delinocente MLB, Steptoe A, de Oliveira C, Alexandre T. Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency with Risk of Incidence of Disability in Basic Activities of Daily Living in Adults >50 Years of Age. J Nutr 2020; 150:2977-2984. [PMID: 32937653 PMCID: PMC7675030 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency compromises muscle function and is related to the etiology of several clinical conditions that can contribute to the development of disability. However, there are few epidemiological studies investigating the association between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of disability. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with the incidence of disability in basic activities of daily living (BADL) and to verify whether there are sex differences in this association. METHODS A 4-y follow-up study was conducted involving individuals aged 50 y or older who participated in ELSA (English Longitudinal Study of Ageing). The sample consisted of 4814 participants free of disability at baseline according to the modified Katz Index. Vitamin D was assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and the participants were classified as sufficient (>50 nmol/L), insufficient (>30 to ≤50 nmol/L), or deficient (≤30 nmol/L). Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics were also investigated. BADL were re-evaluated after 2 and 4 y of follow-up. The report of any difficulty to perform ≥1 BADL was considered as an incident case of disability. Poisson models stratified by sex and controlled for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics were carried out. RESULTS After 4-y follow-up, deficient serum 25(OH)D was a risk factor for the incidence of BADL disability in both women (IRR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.03) and men (IRR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.02). However, insufficient serum 25(OH)D was not a risk factor for the incidence of BADL disability in either men or women. CONCLUSIONS Independently of sex, deficient serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with increased risk of incidence of BADL disability in adults >50 y old and should be an additional target of clinical strategies to prevent disability in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane M Luiz
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Roberta Máximo
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Dayane C Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Paula C Ramírez
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil,School of Physical Therapy, Santander Industrial University, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Aline F de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Maicon L B Delinocente
- Postgraduate Program in Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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The Molecular Mechanisms by Which Vitamin D Prevents Insulin Resistance and Associated Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186644. [PMID: 32932777 PMCID: PMC7554927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is very common in modern societies and is perceived as an important risk factor in the development of insulin resistance and related diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While it is generally accepted that vitamin D is a regulator of bone homeostasis, its ability to counteract insulin resistance is subject to debate. The goal of this communication is to review the molecular mechanism by which vitamin D reduces insulin resistance and related complications. The university library, PUBMED, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant studies to be summarized in this review article. Insulin resistance is accompanied by chronic hyperglycaemia and inflammation. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D exhibits indirect antioxidative properties and participates in the maintenance of normal resting ROS level. Appealingly, vitamin D reduces inflammation and regulates Ca2+ level in many cell types. Therefore, the beneficial actions of vitamin D include diminished insulin resistance which is observed as an improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-sensitive tissues.
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The Association between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Disability Trajectories in Very Old Adults: The Newcastle 85+ Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092742. [PMID: 32916847 PMCID: PMC7551468 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low vitamin D status is common in very old adults which may have adverse consequences for muscle function, a major predictor of disability. Aims: To explore the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and disability trajectories in very old adults and to determine whether there is an 'adequate' 25(OH)D concentration which might protect against a faster disability trajectory. Methodology: A total of 775 participants from the Newcastle 85+ Study for who 25(OH)D concentration at baseline was available. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations of <25 nmol/L, 25-50 nmol/L and >50 nmol/L were used as cut-offs to define low, moderate and high vitamin D status, respectively. Disability was defined as difficulty in performing 17 activities of daily living, at baseline, after 18, 36 and 60 months. Results: A three-trajectory model was derived (low-to-mild, mild-to-moderate and moderate-to-severe). In partially adjusted models, participants with 25(OH)D concentrations <25 nmol/L were more likely to have moderate and severe disability trajectories, even after adjusting for sex, living in an institution, season, cognitive status, BMI and vitamin D supplement use. However, this association disappeared after further adjustment for physical activity. Conclusions: Vitamin D status does not appear to influence the trajectories of disability in very old adults.
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Dougherty KA, Schall JI, Bertolaso C, Smith-Whitley K, Stallings VA. Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Performance in Children with Sickle Cell Disease and in Healthy Children. J Pediatr Health Care 2020; 34:424-434. [PMID: 32507538 PMCID: PMC7483775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No study determined if vitamin D supplementation improves health-related quality of life (HRQL) using pediatric Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System or physical functioning in type SS sickle cell disease (HbSS). METHOD Subjects with HbSS (n = 21) and healthy subjects (n = 23) were randomized to daily oral doses (4,000 vs. 7,000 IU) of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and evaluated at 6 and 12 weeks for changes in serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), HRQL, and physical functioning. RESULTS In subjects with HbSS, significant reductions in pain, fatigue, and depressive symptoms and improved upper-extremity function were observed. In healthy subjects, significant reductions in fatigue and improved upper-extremity function were observed. Significant improvements in peak power and dorsiflexion isometric maximal voluntary contraction torques were observed in both groups. In subjects with HbSS, improved plantar flexion isometric maximal voluntary contraction torques were observed. Both groups saw significant improvement in their total Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency score. DISCUSSION Daily high-dose vitamin D supplementation for African American children with and without HbSS improved HRQL and physical performance.
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Cheung WW, Ding W, Hoffman HM, Wang Z, Hao S, Zheng R, Gonzalez A, Zhan JY, Zhou P, Li S, Esparza MC, Lieber RL, Mak RH. Vitamin D ameliorates adipose browning in chronic kidney disease cachexia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14175. [PMID: 32843714 PMCID: PMC7447759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are often 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 insufficient. We studied whether vitamin D repletion could correct aberrant adipose tissue and muscle metabolism in a mouse model of CKD-associated cachexia. Intraperitoneal administration of 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 (75 μg/kg/day and 60 ng/kg/day respectively for 6 weeks) normalized serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 in CKD mice. Vitamin D repletion stimulated appetite, normalized weight gain, and improved fat and lean mass content in CKD mice. Vitamin D supplementation attenuated expression of key molecules involved in adipose tissue browning and ameliorated expression of thermogenic genes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in CKD mice. Furthermore, repletion of vitamin D improved skeletal muscle fiber size and in vivo muscle function, normalized muscle collagen content and attenuated muscle fat infiltration as well as pathogenetic molecular pathways related to muscle mass regulation in CKD mice. RNAseq analysis was performed on the gastrocnemius muscle. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that the top 12 differentially expressed genes in CKD were correlated with impaired muscle and neuron regeneration, enhanced muscle thermogenesis and fibrosis. Importantly, vitamin D repletion normalized the expression of those 12 genes in CKD mice. Vitamin D repletion may be an effective therapeutic strategy for adipose tissue browning and muscle wasting in CKD patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, Beige/drug effects
- Adipocytes, Beige/metabolism
- Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Cachexia/drug therapy
- Cachexia/etiology
- Cachexia/physiopathology
- Calcifediol/blood
- Calcifediol/deficiency
- Calcifediol/pharmacology
- Calcifediol/therapeutic use
- Calcitriol/blood
- Calcitriol/deficiency
- Calcitriol/pharmacology
- Calcitriol/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eating/drug effects
- Fibrosis/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hand Strength
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Nephrectomy
- Parathyroid Hormone/blood
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy
- Rotarod Performance Test
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Thermogenesis/drug effects
- Weight Gain/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai W Cheung
- Pediatric Nephrology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Wei Ding
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Hao
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghao Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Alex Gonzalez
- Pediatric Nephrology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Jian-Ying Zhan
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiping Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mary C Esparza
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Richard L Lieber
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab and Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Robert H Mak
- Pediatric Nephrology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0831, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0831, USA.
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