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Farrell G, Chapple C, Kennedy E, Reily-Bell M, Sampath K, Gisselman AS, Cook C, Katare R, Tumilty S. Autonomic nervous system and endocrine system response to upper or lower cervical spine mobilization in males with persistent post-concussion symptoms: a proof-of-concept trial. J Man Manip Ther 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38904298 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2024.2363018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The peripheral stress response, consisting of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal-axis (HPA-axis), functions to maintain homeostasis in response to stressors. Cervical spine manual therapy has been shown to differentially modulate the stress response in healthy populations. No study has investigated whether cervical spine mobilizations can differentially modulate the stress response in individuals with persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS), a population characterized by a dysfunctional stress response. METHODS A randomized, controlled, parallel design trial was performed to investigate whether upper or lower cervical spine mobilization can differentially modulate components of the stress response in individuals with PPCS. The outcomes were salivary cortisol (sCOR) concentration (primary) and the HRV metric, rMSSD, measured with a smartphone application (secondary). Nineteen males diagnosed with PPCS, aged 19-35, were included. Participants were randomly assigned into either intervention group, upper (n = 10) or lower (n = 9) cervical spine mobilization. Each outcome was collected at different time points, pre- and post-intervention. Statistical analyses were performed using the Friedman's Two-Way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. RESULTS There was a statistically significant within-group reduction in sCOR concentration 30 minutes following lower cervical spine mobilizations and statistically significant within-group increase in rMSSD 30 minutes following upper cervical spine mobilizations. CONCLUSION The results of this trial provide preliminary evidence for cervical spine mobilizations to differentially modulate components of the stress response at specific time points. Understanding the mechanisms of the effect of cervical spine mobilizations on the stress response provides a novel rationale for selecting cervical spine mobilizations to rehabilitate individuals with PPCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Farrell
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cathy Chapple
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ewan Kennedy
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Reily-Bell
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kesava Sampath
- Centre for Health and Social Practice, Waikato Institute of Technology-Rotokauri Campus, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand
| | | | - Chad Cook
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Steve Tumilty
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Liebert MA, Urlacher SS, Madimenos FC, Gildner TE, Cepon-Robins TJ, Harrington CJ, Bribiescas RG, Sugiyama LS, Snodgrass JJ. Variation in diurnal cortisol patterns among the Indigenous Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24056. [PMID: 38517108 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its primary end product, the glucocorticoid cortisol, are major components of the evolved human stress response. However, most studies have examined these systems among populations in high-income settings, which differ from the high pathogen and limited resource contexts in which the HPA axis functioned for most of human evolution. METHODS We investigated variability in diurnal salivary cortisol patterns among 298 Indigenous Shuar from Amazonian Ecuador (147 males, 151 females; age 2-86 years), focusing on the effects of age, biological sex, and body mass index (BMI) in shaping differences in diurnal cortisol production. Saliva samples were collected three times daily (waking, 30 minutes post-waking, evening) for three consecutive days to measure key cortisol parameters: levels at waking, the cortisol awakening response, the diurnal slope, and total daily output. RESULTS Age was positively associated with waking levels and total daily output, with Shuar juveniles and adolescents displaying significantly lower levels than adults (p < .05). Sex was not a significant predictor of cortisol levels (p > .05), as Shuar males and females displayed similar patterns of diurnal cortisol production across the life course. Moreover, age, sex, and BMI significantly interacted to moderate the rate of diurnal cortisol decline (p = .027). Overall, Shuar demonstrated relatively lower cortisol concentrations than high-income populations. CONCLUSIONS This study expands the documented range of global variation in HPA axis activity and diurnal cortisol production and provides important insights into the plasticity of human stress physiology across diverse developmental and socioecological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Liebert
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Samuel S Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Child and Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felicia C Madimenos
- Department of Anthropology, Queens College (CUNY), Flushing, New York, USA
- New York Consortium of Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Theresa E Gildner
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tara J Cepon-Robins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Springs, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | | | - J Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Center for Global Health, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Global Station for Indigenous Studies and Cultural Diversity, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Farrell G, Reily-Bell M, Chapple C, Kennedy E, Sampath K, Gisselman AS, Cook C, Katare R, Tumilty S. Autonomic nervous system and endocrine system response to upper and lower cervical spine mobilization in healthy male adults: a randomized crossover trial. J Man Manip Ther 2023; 31:421-434. [PMID: 36794952 PMCID: PMC10642313 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2023.2177071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical spine mobilizations may differentially modulate both components of the stress response, consisting of the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal-axis, depending on whether the target location is the upper or lower cervical spine. To date, no study has investigated this. METHODS A randomized, crossover trial investigated the effects of upper versus lower cervical mobilization on both components of the stress response simultaneously. The primary outcome was salivary cortisol (sCOR) concentration. The secondary outcome was heart rate variability measured with a smartphone application. Twenty healthy males, aged 21-35, were included. Participants were randomly assigned to block-AB (upper then lower cervical mobilization, n = 10) or block-BA (lower than upper cervical mobilization, n = 10), separated by a one-week washout period. All interventions were performed in the same room (University clinic) under controlled conditions. Statistical analyses were performed with a Friedman's Two-Way ANOVA and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. RESULTS Within groups, sCOR concentration reduced thirty-minutes following lower cervical mobilization (p = 0.049). Between groups, sCOR concentration was different at thirty-minutes following the intervention (p = 0.018). CONCLUSION There was a statistically significant reduction in sCOR concentration following lower cervical spine mobilization, and between-group difference, 30 min following the intervention. This indicates that mobilizations applied to separate target locations within the cervical spine can differentially modulate the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Farrell
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, North Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Reily-Bell
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cathy Chapple
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, North Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ewan Kennedy
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, North Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kesava Sampath
- Centre for Health and Social Practice, Waikato Institute of Technology-Rotokauri Campus, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand
| | | | - Chad Cook
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Steve Tumilty
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, North Dunedin, New Zealand
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Lutke Schipholt IJ, Coppieters MW, Reijm M, Bontkes HJ, Scholten-Peeters GGM. Immediate systemic neuroimmune responses following spinal mobilisation and manipulation in people with non-specific neck pain: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12804. [PMID: 37550491 PMCID: PMC10406885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal mobilisation/manipulation is a common intervention for spinal pain, yet the working mechanisms are largely unknown. A randomised placebo-controlled trial was conducted to (1) compare the immediate neuroimmune responses following spinal mobilisation/manipulation and placebo spinal mobilisation/manipulation; (2) compare the immediate neuroimmune responses of those with a good outcome with those of a poor outcome following spinal mobilisation/manipulation; and (3) explore the association between neuroimmune responses and pain reduction. One hundred patients were randomly allocated to spinal mobilisation/manipulation or a placebo mobilisation/manipulation. Primary outcomes were whole blood in-vitro evoked released concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α measured 10 min and 2 h after the intervention. Immediate effects were studied because successful mobilisation/manipulation is often associated with immediate pain reduction, and immediate neuroimmune responses are less affected by potential confounders than long-term responses. Secondary outcomes included multiple systemic inflammatory marker concentrations, phenotypic analysis of white blood cells and clinical outcomes. Outcomes were compared between the experimental and placebo group, and between people with a good and poor outcome in the experimental group. Estimates of intervention effects were based on intention-to-treat analyses, by using linear mixed-effect models. Although there was a substantial difference in pain reduction between groups (mean (SD) difference visual analogue scale: 30 (21) mm at 10 min and 32 (21) mm at 2 h (p < 0.001) in favour of mobilisation/manipulation, there were no differences in primary outcomes between groups or between people with a good and poor outcome (p ≥ 0.10). In conclusion, possible neuroimmune responses following spinal mobilisations/manipulation cannot be identified at a systemic level. Future research may focus on longer treatment duration and more localised neuroimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo J Lutke Schipholt
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Program Musculoskeletal Health, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W Coppieters
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Program Musculoskeletal Health, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane & Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Martine Reijm
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty J Bontkes
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwendolyne G M Scholten-Peeters
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Program Musculoskeletal Health, Van Der Boechorststraat 9, 1081BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Klusmann H, Luecking N, Engel S, Blecker MK, Knaevelsrud C, Schumacher S. Menstrual cycle-related changes in HPA axis reactivity to acute psychosocial and physiological stressors - a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105212. [PMID: 37149074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sex disparities are evident in the biological response to acute stressors, with a suggested influence of ovarian hormones on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates differences in HPA axis reactivity to acute psychosocial or physiological stressors between menstrual cycle phases. A systematic literature search of six databases resulted in 12 longitudinal studies (n = 182) examining HPA axis reactivity in healthy, naturally-cycling, non-breastfeeding participants aged between 18 and 45 years in at least two cycle phases. The quality of cortisol and menstrual cycle assessment was rated and a descriptive synthesis and meta-analysis of HPA axis reactivity between two broader and five more precise cycle phases was conducted. Three studies provided sufficient data for the meta-analysis and showed a significant, small-sized effect, indicating higher cortisol reactivity in the luteal than in the follicular cycle phase. More primary studies with high-quality menstrual cycle and cortisol assessment are needed. The review did not receive funding and was pre-registered (PROSPERO; CRD42020181632).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Klusmann
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Noemi Luecking
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sinha Engel
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Meike Katharina Blecker
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christine Knaevelsrud
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sarah Schumacher
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine, Faculty of Health, HMU Health and Medical University, Olympischer Weg 1, 14471 Potsdam, Germany.
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Jõgi AL, Malmberg LE, Pakarinen E, Lerkkanen MK. Teachers' situational physiological stress and affect. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 149:106028. [PMID: 36657344 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since teaching is a demanding and stressful profession, the study of teachers' physiological stress in the classroom setting is an emerging field. In cross-sectional studies self-reported stress and affect are related, but less is known about the intraindividual relations between situational physiological stress and corresponding positive and negative affect. The aim of our study was to investigate the associations between situational physiological stress (six salivary cortisol samples per day) and self-reported situational affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule four times a day) among 61 Finnish primary school teachers over two workdays. We present a novel multilevel structural equation model (MSEM) that includes cortisol, with time since awakening as a flexibly coded time-varying covariate and affect with time since cortisol measurement as a time-varying covariate. Higher levels of teachers' situational physiological stress were related to lower situational positive affect (e.g., enthusiasm) and higher negative affect (e.g., nervousness), demonstrating the acute/situational effects of stress on affect. In our discussion, we emphasize the importance of the sequence of sampling and observations for further theoretical modeling of relations between stress and affect. We also propose practical implications for improving teachers' awareness of their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Liisa Jõgi
- Tallinn University, Estonia; University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | | | - Eija Pakarinen
- University of Jyväskylä, Finland; University of Stavanger, Norway
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7
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Jõgi AL, Aulén AM, Pakarinen E, Lerkkanen MK. Teachers' daily physiological stress and positive affect in relation to their general occupational well-being. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 93:368-385. [PMID: 36336902 PMCID: PMC10098726 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teachers' stress, affect and general occupational well-being influence their teaching and their students. However, how teachers' daily physiological stress and positive affect are related in the classroom is unknown. To reduce teachers' stress and enhance their positive affect, it is crucial to understand how occupational well-being relates to stress and affect. AIM The aim of the study was to examine the relationships between teachers' daily physiological stress and positive affect in authentic classroom settings and the roles played by teachers' self-efficacy beliefs, perceptions of school climate and burnout symptoms in daily stress and affect. SAMPLE The sample consisted of 45 classroom teachers. METHOD Daily physiological stress was assessed by measuring salivary cortisol levels three times in two days. Positive affect was reported by experience sampling at the same time that cortisol was collected. Questionnaires were used to assess self-efficacy beliefs, perceptions of school climate and burnout symptoms. Three-level modelling with random intercepts and slopes was used to analyse the relationships between daily stress and affect and the effect of teachers' general occupational well-being on stress and affect. RESULTS No relationships were evident between teachers' physiological stress and positive affect or between daily changes of stress and affect. Self-efficacy beliefs were related to lower stress and higher affect in the middle of the school day. Having sufficient school resources were related to higher positive affect. Teachers' burnout symptoms were associated with lower positive affect. CONCLUSIONS We emphasize the potential for self-efficacy and perceptions of school resources as targets for intervening in teachers' stress and affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Liisa Jõgi
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,School of Educational Sciences, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anna-Mari Aulén
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eija Pakarinen
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Seidenbecher S, Dobrowolny H, Wolter S, Klemen J, Meyer-Lotz G, Gescher DM, Steiner J, Frodl T. Consequences of the Lockdown: Domestic Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1412:53-72. [PMID: 37378761 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28012-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented many unique challenges to health systems. The hidden impact of COVID-19 and its associated lockdown have been an increased prevalence of domestic violence. OBJECTIVE To increase our understanding of the connection between COVID-19 containment measures, domestic violence, and mental health in Germany, we conducted an online self-assessment survey of 98 domestic violence victims and 276 controls. All participants answered questions concerning domestic violence, emotional regulation skills, limitations due to and acceptance of containment measures, and quality of their contact experiences. RESULTS There was no significant effect of "gender" x "domestic violence." Among victims of domestic violence, the number of women was considerably higher than the number of men. In addition, the factors "negative contact quality," "emotional regulation," and "resilience" differed significantly between the victims of domestic violence and the control group. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 outbreak and associated containment and quarantine measures resulted in a "hidden pandemic" of domestic violence for which prevention programs and early victim assistance through the expansion of digital technologies are urgently needed. Prospective studies should expand empirical data to focus on the long-term psychological effects of domestic violence and biomarkers that can serve as warning signs of stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Seidenbecher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Wolter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jane Klemen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Meyer-Lotz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Maria Gescher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Vorster-De Wet R, Gerber AM, Raubenheimer JE. Effect of receiving mobile text messages on cortisol concentrations in students at the University of the Free State. Health SA 2023; 28:2064. [PMID: 36873777 PMCID: PMC9982505 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v28i0.2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Texting has become central to social life, with adverse effects on physiological functioning. Research into the impact of texting on cortisol secretion is limited. Aim Thus study aimed to determine how receiving mobile text messages affected salivary cortisol concentrations and investigate the moderating effects of stress, anxiety and depression on cortisol secretion. Setting Undergraduate physiology students attending physiology lectures at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, 2016. Methods An experimental, crossover, quantitative design was used. Participants were involved over two consecutive days, receiving mobile text messages (intervention) on one day and acting as their own control on the other. Self-reported data on stress, anxiety, depression and subjective experience of the study, and saliva samples were collected. Text frequency and wording (neutral, positive, negative) were varied among participants. Results Forty-eight students participated in the study. Salivary cortisol concentrations did not differ significantly between the intervention and control days. High anxiety levels were associated with increased cortisol concentrations. No associations with cortisol concentrations were documented in low to moderate anxiety, stress, depression or how participants experienced the intervention. There were no significant differences between text frequency, text emotion and change in cortisol concentrations on the intervention day. Conclusion Receiving mobile text messages did not elicit a significant cortisol response in participants. Contribution Findings added to the body of knowledge about the effect of texting on student learning by measuring salivary cortisol concentrations in a lecture setting, with investigation into the moderating effects of stress, anxiety, depression and participants' subjective experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roné Vorster-De Wet
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Anthonie M Gerber
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jacques E Raubenheimer
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.,Department of Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Bate G, Buscemi J, Greenley RN, Tran S, Miller SA. Salivary cortisol levels and appraisals of daily hassles across dimensions of the tripartite model of anxiety and depression in emerging adults. Biol Psychol 2023; 176:108469. [PMID: 36460125 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate how cortisol levels and appraisals of daily hassles differ across tripartite dimensions of depression and anxiety in emerging adults. Data collected from a sample of undergraduate students at a large Midwestern university was used to investigate these aims. This included salivary cortisol data collected over four days, scores on a measure of the tripartite model of anxiety and depression, and scores on a measure of daily hassles administered everyday for two weeks. Generalized estimating equations and multilevel modeling techniques were used to analyze data. Elevated cortisol levels during the awakening period and the evening period, lower total levels across the day, steeper diurnal slopes, and elevated levels of negative affect and physiological hyperarousal predicted experiences of daily hassles. Tripartite dimensions were unrelated to cortisol indices. The present study demonstrates the utility of modeling multiple cortisol indices and provides evidence of differential associations between physiological and phenomenological indices of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Bate
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, USA.
| | | | - Rachel Neff Greenley
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, USA
| | - Susan Tran
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, USA
| | - Steven A Miller
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, USA
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Wittgens C, Muehlhan M, Kräplin A, Wolff M, Trautmann S. Underlying mechanisms in the relationship between stress and alcohol consumption in regular and risky drinkers (MESA): methods and design of a randomized laboratory study. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:233. [PMID: 36243742 PMCID: PMC9568994 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders (AUD) are among the leading preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality and are considered a major public health concern. In order to reduce the individual and societal burden of excessive alcohol use, it is crucial to identify high-risk individuals at earlier stages and to provide effective interventions to prevent further progression. Stressful experiences are important risk factors for excessive alcohol consumption and AUDs. However, the underlying biological and psychological mechanisms are still poorly understood.
Methods The project “Underlying mechanisms in the relationship between stress and alcohol consumption in regular and risky drinkers (MESA)” is a randomized controlled study that started in December 2018 and is conducted in a laboratory setting, which aims to identify moderators and mediators of the relationship between acute stress and alcohol consumption among regular and risky drinkers. Regular and risky drinkers are randomly assigned to a stress induction or a control condition. Several processes that may mediate (emotional distress, endocrine and autonomic stress reactivity, impulsivity, inhibitory control, motivational sensitization) or moderate (trait impulsivity, childhood maltreatment, basal HPA-axis activity) the relation between stress and alcohol consumption are investigated. As primary dependent variable, the motivation to consume alcohol following psychosocial stress is measured. Discussion The results of this study could help to provide valuable targets for future research on tailored interventions to prevent stress-related alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Wittgens
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Science, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. .,ICPP Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Muehlhan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Science, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Kräplin
- Work Group Addictive Behaviors, Risk Analysis and Risk Management, Faculty of Psychology, Technische University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Max Wolff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Trautmann
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Science, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. .,ICPP Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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Bamert M, Inauen J. Physiological stress reactivity and recovery: Some laboratory results transfer to daily life. Front Psychol 2022; 13:943065. [PMID: 36046406 PMCID: PMC9421134 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.943065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a prevalent theme in our daily lives and is related to numerous negative health outcomes. Laboratory research has studied the physiological stress response extensively with objective measures such as vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV). Recently, the vagal tank theory emerged as a promising approach to predicting adaptive vmHRV levels around stressful events. This study aimed to investigate whether the predictions of the vagal tank theory about vmHRV during stress reactivity and recovery translate into naturalistic stressful events in daily life. Sixty-seven students wore an EcgMove 4 sensor for 4 days to measure vmHRV. Through a combination of device-based and self-report assessment, vmHRV data were segmented into before, during, and after stressful events. VmHRV segments were analyzed with multilevel modeling, accounting for physiological and psychological covariates. VmHRV before stressful events predicted more adaptive vmHRV during the event but not vmHRV recovery afterwards. The results therefore partially support the vagal tank theory's predictions with data from daily life and allow recommendations for future studies of real-world stress reactivity and recovery. The value of intraindividual variations in vmHRV as predictors of adaptive stress response is underscored by these findings and could inform future interventions that seek to increase momentary vmHRV.
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13
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Linz R, Puhlmann LMC, Engert V, Singer T. Investigating the impact of distinct contemplative mental trainings on daily life stress, thoughts and affect-Evidence from a nine-month longitudinal ecological momentary assessment study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 142:105800. [PMID: 35598494 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based mental training interventions have become a popular means to alleviate stress and stress-associated health risks. Previous scientific investigations emphasize the importance of exploring the effects of such interventions in naturalistic settings to evaluate their implementation into daily life. Therefore, the current study examined the effects of three distinct mental training modules on a range of measures of daily life experience in the scope of the ReSource Project, a 9-month longitudinal mental training study comparing modules targeting attention and interoception (Presence), socio-affective (Affect) or socio-cognitive abilities (Perspective). We used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to repeatedly probe levels of stress and stress-coping efficacy combined with stress-reactive cortisol levels, and further explored arousal, affective states, and thought patterns in the daily lives of 289 healthy adults (172 women; 20-55 years). We found increased presence-focused thought and heightened arousal after a training duration of 3-6 months, independent of the type of prior training. Increased coping efficacy emerged specifically after socio-cognitive Perspective training, following 6-9 months of training duration. No training effects were found for subjective stress, stress-reactive cortisol levels, or daily life affect. Our findings corroborate and add ecological validity to previous ReSource findings by showing that they replicate in participants' everyday environment. Regarding endocrine and subjective stress markers, our results suggest caution in generalizing acute laboratory findings to individuals' everyday routines. Overall, the current study provides substantiated insights into how cultivating one's mind through contemplative mental training translates to daily life experience, enhances stress-coping, and may ultimately aide in maintaining health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Linz
- Research Group Social Stress and Family Health, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - L M C Puhlmann
- Research Group Social Stress and Family Health, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - V Engert
- Research Group Social Stress and Family Health, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - T Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Moody SN, van Dammen L, Wang W, Greder KA, Neiderhiser JM, Afulani PA, Willette A, Shirtcliff EA. Impact of hair type, hair sample weight, external hair exposures, and race on cumulative hair cortisol. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 142:105805. [PMID: 35687978 PMCID: PMC10914121 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The biomarker cortisol assesses the impact of biopsychosocial stressors that activate the stress response system. Hair has emerged as a valid and non-invasive means of gauging cumulative cortisol deposited over month-long periods of time. Established protocols for the extraction of hair cortisol are being validated and refined in humans, yet methodological information about hair characteristics on cortisol remains limited. In addition to external hair exposures (e.g. dye, time spent outside), we examined hair categorization or type (e.g. kinky, straight) by extending a hair typing methodology for scientific use that is currently popular among hair care professionals. We then examined the interaction between hair type and race on cortisol levels with a hair questionnaire. Three studies were pooled to investigate how sample weight, hair type, race, heat exposures, and hair treatments impacted cumulative hair cortisol concentrations. Study 1 consisted of Adult Kenyan Medical Workers (N = 44); Study 2 Mexican and Mexican Americans (N = 106); and Study 3 American Youth (N = 107). We found significantly higher cortisol in 5 mg of hair when compared to larger sample weights, and higher cortisol in those who spent more time outdoors. Cortisol concentrations differed between racial groups and varied by hair type; moreover, there were directional differences in cumulative cortisol from straighter to curlier hair types which depended on racial group. In addition to demonstrating the impact of relatively novel control factors like hair sample weight, outdoor exposure, and hair type, the present study illustrates the importance of disentangling hair type and race to understand variability in cumulative hair cortisol. These influences should be included in future studies that measure hair cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannin N Moody
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center- New Orleans; Iowa State University.
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15
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Weber J, Angerer P, Apolinário-Hagen J. Physiological reactions to acute stressors and subjective stress during daily life: A systematic review on ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271996. [PMID: 35895674 PMCID: PMC9328558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This review aims to provide an overview of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies analyzing stress reactivity during daily life in terms of direct and moderated influence of acute stress on physiological responses. Materials and methods A systematic literature search was performed on November 29, 2021 using Web of Science, MEDLINE and PsycINFO to identify prospective EMA studies targeting acute stressors or stress under naturalistic conditions, without restrictions of publication date or population. Study quality was assessed for multiple EMA-specific sources of bias. Results Out of 4285 non-duplicate records, 107 publications involving 104 unique studies were included. The majority of studies assessed acute physiological stress responses primarily through salivary cortisol (n = 59) and cardiovascular outcomes (n = 32). Most studies performed at least three measurements per day (n = 59), and had a moderate risk of recall bias (n = 68) and confounding (n = 85). Fifty-four studies reported a compliance of ≥80%. Direct, non-moderated positive associations were observed between acute stress exposure and concurrent cortisol levels (44%, n = 11/25), systolic (44%, 8/18) and diastolic blood pressure (53%, 8/15) and heart rate (53%, 9/17). Several inter- and intra-individual moderators were identified, such as age, gender, health status, chronic stress, work-related resources, physical activity and stress coping indicators. Conclusions About half of the reviewed EMA studies demonstrated direct associations between everyday acute stress exposure and physiological responses, including increased cortisol levels, blood pressure and heart rate. Results further suggested various moderator variables that could help develop tailored prevention strategies and identify groups at higher risk for dysfunctional stress responses. Registration PROSPERO—Reg.-No.: PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020163178.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Weber
- Institute of Occupational-, Social- and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Peter Angerer
- Institute of Occupational-, Social- and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Apolinário-Hagen
- Institute of Occupational-, Social- and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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16
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Schär S, Mürner-Lavanchy I, Schmidt SJ, Koenig J, Kaess M. Child maltreatment and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:100987. [PMID: 35202606 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its effector hormone cortisol have been proposed as one possible mechanism linking child maltreatment experiences to health disparities. In this series of meta-analyses, we aimed to quantify the existing evidence on the effect of child maltreatment on various measures of HPA axis activity. The systematic literature search yielded 1,858 records, of which 87 studies (k = 132) were included. Using random-effects models, we found evidence for blunted cortisol stress reactivity in individuals exposed to child maltreatment. In contrast, no overall differences were found in any of the other HPA axis activity measures (including measures of daily activity, cortisol assessed in the context of pharmacological challenges and cumulative measures of cortisol secretion). The impact of several moderators (e.g., sex, psychopathology, study quality), the role of methodological shortcomings of existing studies, as well as potential directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Schär
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ines Mürner-Lavanchy
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie J Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julian Koenig
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany; Section for Experimental Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Klusmann H, Schulze L, Engel S, Bücklein E, Daehn D, Lozza-Fiacco S, Geiling A, Meyer C, Andersen E, Knaevelsrud C, Schumacher S. HPA axis activity across the menstrual cycle - a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:100998. [PMID: 35597328 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Differential HPA axis function has been proposed to underlie sex-differences in mental disorders; however, the impact of fluctuating sex hormones across the menstrual cycle on HPA axis activity is still unclear. This meta-analysis investigated basal cortisol concentrations as a marker for HPA axis activity across the menstrual cycle. Through a systematic literature search of five databases, 121 longitudinal studies were included, summarizing data of 2641 healthy, cycling participants between the ages of 18 and 45. The meta-analysis showed higher cortisol concentrations in the follicular vs. luteal phase (dSMC = 0.12, p =.004, [0.04 - 0.20]). Comparisons between more precise cycle phases were mostly insignificant, aside from higher concentrations in the menstrual vs. premenstrual phase (dSMC = 0.17, [0.02 - 0.33], p =.03). In all included studies, nine samples used established cortisol parameters to indicate HPA axis function, specifically diurnal profiles (k = 4) and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) (k = 5). Therefore, the meta-analysis highlights the need for more rigorous investigation of HPA axis activity and menstrual cycle phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Klusmann
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lars Schulze
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sinha Engel
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Elise Bücklein
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Universität Ulm, Lise-Meitner-Str. 16, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Daria Daehn
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Serena Lozza-Fiacco
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Crossings Building B, 2218 Nelson Highway, 27517 Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Angelika Geiling
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Caroline Meyer
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Elizabeth Andersen
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Crossings Building B, 2218 Nelson Highway, 27517 Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Christine Knaevelsrud
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sarah Schumacher
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, HMU Health and Medical University, Olympischer Weg 1, 14471 Potsdam, Germany.
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18
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Jõgi AL, Pakarinen E, Lerkkanen MK. Teachers' physiological and self-reported stress, teaching practices and students' learning outcomes in Grade 1. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 93 Suppl 1:211-226. [PMID: 35774026 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teachers' self-reported stress is related to the quality of teacher-student interactions and students' learning outcomes. However, it is unclear if teachers' physiological stress is related to child-centred teaching practices in the classroom and whether teaching practices mediate the link between teachers' stress and students' learning outcomes. AIMS We studied the effect of teachers' physiological stress and self-reported stress on their teaching practices and thereby on students' learning outcomes in math. SAMPLE A total of 53 classroom teachers and 866 Grade 1 students participated in the study. METHODS Salivary cortisol in the middle of the school day and cortisol slope from morning peak to evening were used as indicators of teachers' physiological stress, in addition to self-reported teaching-related stress. Teaching practices were observed with the ECCOM instrument. Students' math skills controlled for gender and previous skills were used as a measure of learning outcomes. Data were analysed with a two-level SEM. RESULTS Teachers' physiological stress did not have an effect on teaching practices or students' math skills. Teachers reporting less stress used relatively more child-centred teaching practices compared with teacher-directed ones. These practices had a marginal effect on classroom-level differences in the gain of students' math skills in Grade 1. There was neither a direct nor indirect effect from teachers' stress on students' math skills. Altogether, our model explained 77% of classroom-level variance in math skills. CONCLUSIONS Teachers' self-reported stress has an effect on their teaching practices, which, in turn, have a marginal effect on students' learning outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Liisa Jõgi
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,School of Educational Sciences, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Eija Pakarinen
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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19
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Taşar S, Dikmen N, Bulut İ, Haskılıç YE, Saç RÜ, Şenes M, Taşar MA, Taşar M. Potential role of salivary cortisol levels to reflect stress response in children undergoing congenital heart surgery. Cardiol Young 2022; 33:1-7. [PMID: 35361291 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to provide baseline information on the potential role of salivary cortisol in reflecting the stress response in children undergoing congenital heart surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Children underwent congenital cardiac surgery, aged between one and seventeen years were included. Saliva samples were collected pre- and postoperatively by the health caregiver immediately after the children woke up (07:00-09:00 am) and at 06:00 pm in the evening. Salivary cortisol levels were compared with the reference index values from a large database. RESULTS Median baseline preoperative morning salivary cortisol levels were significantly lower than the reference values in both < 5-year-old females (p = 0.01) and males (p = 0.04) and in males between 11 and 20 years of age (p = 0.01). Median baseline preoperative evening salivary cortisol levels were significantly higher than the reference value in < 5-year-old females (p = 0.01) and between 5 and 10 years of age (p = 0.04) and in between 11- and20-year-old males (p = 0.01). Median postoperative morning salivary cortisol levels were significantly lower than the reference value in both < 5-year-old females (p = 0.01) and males (p = 0.04) and females between 5 and 10 year of age (p = 0.04). Median postoperative evening salivary cortisol levels were significantly higher than the reference value in < 5-year-old females (p = 0.01) and between 5- and 10-year-old females (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Diurnal variability of salivary cortisol levels in children undergoing congenital heart surgery may be different from normal reference values both in preoperative and postoperative periods that can be a predictive indicator of anxiety on pre- and postoperative period for children that undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serçin Taşar
- Department of Pediatrics, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nur Dikmen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Dr.Sami Ulus Maternity, Child Health and Disease Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmail Bulut
- Department of Pediatrics, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Haskılıç
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Ünsal Saç
- Department of Pediatrics, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Şenes
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Medine Ayşin Taşar
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Taşar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Dr.Sami Ulus Maternity, Child Health and Disease Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Schmiedl A, Schulte EM, Kauffeld S. The Demands-Buffering Role of Perceived and Received Social Support for Perceived Stress and Cortisol Levels. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Social support is known as a crucial resource in buffering the effect of stress in terms of negative outcomes. Nevertheless, research on potential buffering effects of support before stress sets in has mostly entailed experimental studies. Thus, the current literature limits the transferability into the field, especially concerning the different roles of perceived and actually received social support. Aim: This study aims to extend research on the mechanisms behind the demands-buffering effects of social support. Accordingly, the job demands-resources framework undergirded our analysis of the effects of different aspects of social support (perceived vs. received support and support quality vs. quantity) on the relationship between demands and perceived stress as well as cortisol levels. Method: Data were collected from N = 125 participants at two measurement points 4 weeks apart, using questionnaires, social network analysis, and salivary cortisol. Results: Study findings reveal that (1) buffering effects of support were different for perceived stress and cortisol levels; (2) the buffering effect of perceived support depended on the level of demands, how stress was measured, and whether received support was included in the model; and (3) support quality demonstrated a demand-buffering effect, while support quantity showed contradictory patterns. Limitations: Limitations concerning the sample characteristics and measurement approaches are discussed. Conclusion: Overall, received support, especially quality, seems most relevant for buffering the effect of demands on stress. Moreover, the findings emphasize the need to assess social support as a multidimensional construct to better understand the mechanism of its demand-buffering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Schmiedl
- Department of Industrial/Organizational and Social Psychology, TU Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Schulte
- Department of Industrial/Organizational and Social Psychology, TU Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Simone Kauffeld
- Department of Industrial/Organizational and Social Psychology, TU Braunschweig, Germany
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21
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Kolodziejczak K, Drewelies J, Pauly T, Ram N, Hoppmann C, Gerstorf D. Physical Intimacy in Older Couples' Everyday Lives: Its Frequency and Links with Affect and Salivary Cortisol. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:1416-1430. [PMID: 35286380 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical intimacy is important for communicating affection in romantic relationships. Theoretical and empirical work highlights linkages between physical intimacy, affect, and physiological stress among young and middle-aged adults, but not older adults. We examine physical intimacy and its associations with positive and negative affect and cortisol levels in the daily lives of older couples. METHOD We applied actor-partner multilevel models to repeated daily life assessments of physical intimacy (experienced and wished) and affect obtained six times a day over seven consecutive days from 120 older heterosexual German couples (Mage= 71.6, SDage= 5.94). Physiological stress was indexed as total daily cortisol output, the area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg). RESULTS Physical intimacy experienced and wished were reported at the vast majority of occasions, but to different degrees at different times. Within persons, in moments when participants experienced more physical intimacy, older women reported less negative affect, whereas older men reported more positive affect. Between persons, higher overall levels of physical intimacy experienced were associated with higher positive affect and less negative affect among women and with lower daily cortisol output among men. A stronger wish for intimacy was related to more negative affect among both women and men, and to higher daily cortisol output among men. DISCUSSION Physical intimacy is linked with mood and stress hormones in the daily life of older couples. We consider routes for future inquiry on physical intimacy among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Drewelies
- Humboldt University Berlin, Department of Psychology.,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Gender in Medicine
| | | | - Nilam Ram
- Stanford University, Departments of Psychology and Communication
| | - Christiane Hoppmann
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychology and Center for Hip Health & Mobility
| | - Denis Gerstorf
- Humboldt University Berlin, Department of Psychology.,German Institute for Economic Research (DIW)
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22
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Naya CH, Toledo-Corral CM, Chavez T, Lerner D, Lurvey N, Eckel SP, Peterson AK, Grubbs BH, Dunton GF, Breton CV, Bastain TM. Third trimester cortisol is positively associated with gestational weight gain in pregnant women with class one obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:366-373. [PMID: 34718334 PMCID: PMC9012147 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Prevalence of pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are higher among women of color with low SES. Dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and its end-product, cortisol, during pregnancy is hypothesized to be associated with excessive GWG. However, past studies have produced inconsistent findings and often did not include health disparities populations. This study examined the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), third trimester diurnal cortisol, and GWG in low-income, predominantly Hispanic women. SUBJECTS/METHODS The MADRES study is an ongoing prospective cohort study of primarily Hispanic, low-income pregnant women and their children in Los Angeles, California. Data from 176 participants were included in this study. Total cortisol secretion (area under the curve, AUC) was quantified using four salivary cortisol samples (awakening, 30 min after awakening, afternoon, and bedtime) that were collected at home on one day during the third trimester of pregnancy. Moderation of the association between total cortisol and GWG by pre-pregnancy BMI was tested using multiple linear regression with a multiplicative interaction term. RESULTS There was no association between total cortisol secretion and GWG overall (p = 0.82), but the association between total cortisol and GWG was stronger for women with class 1 pre-pregnancy obesity compared to women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI (interaction term p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that obesity status before pregnancy may be exacerbating the physiological impact of cortisol on GWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H. Naya
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Claudia M. Toledo-Corral
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA,Department of Health Sciences, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Chavez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | | | - Sandrah P. Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Alicia K. Peterson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Brendan H. Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve F. Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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23
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Mewes R, Feneberg AC, Doerr JM, Nater UM. Psychobiological Mechanisms in Somatic Symptom Disorder and Depressive Disorders: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Approach. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:86-96. [PMID: 34508045 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persistent somatic symptoms cause strong impairment in persons with somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and depressive disorders (DDs). Specific negative psychological factors (NPFs), such as catastrophizing, negative affectivity, and behavioral avoidance, are assumed to contribute to this impairment and may maintain symptoms via dysregulations of biological stress systems. We examined the associations between NPF and somatic symptoms in the daily life of women with SSD or DD and investigated the mediating role of psychobiological stress responses. METHODS Twenty-nine women with SSD and 29 women with DD participated in an ecological momentary assessment study. For 14 days, intensity of and impairment by somatic symptoms, NPF, and stress-related biological measures (cortisol, alpha-amylase) were assessed five times per day using an electronic device and saliva samples. Multilevel models were conducted. RESULTS The greater the number of NPF, the higher the concurrent and time-lagged intensity of and impairment by somatic symptoms in both groups (12.0%-38.6% of variance explained; χ2(12) p < .001 for all models). NPFs were associated with higher cortisol levels in women with DD and with lower levels in women with SSD (interaction NPF by group: B = -0.04, p = .042 for concurrent; B = -0.06, p = .019 for time-lagged). In women with SSD, lower cortisol levels were associated with higher intensity at the next measurement time point (group by cortisol: B = -1.71, p = .020). No mediation effects were found. CONCLUSIONS NPFs may be considered as transdiagnostic factors in the development and treatment of impairing somatic symptoms. Our findings will allow the development of new treatment strategies that use ecological momentary intervention approaches focusing on NPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Mewes
- From the Outpatient Unit for Research, Teaching and Practice (Mewes) and Department of Clinical and Health Psychology (Feneberg, Nater), Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (Doerr), University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Gießen, Germany
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Dong M, McGoldrick MT, Seid H, Cohen LP, LaRocca A, Pham P, Thomas SJ, Schwartz JE, Shimbo D. The stress, salt excretion, and nighttime blood pressure (SABRE) study: Rationale and study design. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:100099. [PMID: 38560071 PMCID: PMC10978196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Abnormal diurnal patterns of blood pressure (BP) on ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), defined by reduced BP dipping or elevated nighttime BP, are associated with increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events. Psychological stress is associated with abnormal diurnal patterns of BP. Exposure to an acute stressor (e.g., mental stress task) normally increases urinary sodium excretion. However, some individuals have sodium retention after stress provocation, revealing substantial between-person variability in the degree of stress-induced sodium excretion. Prior research suggests urinary sodium excretion that does not occur during the daytime may shift toward the nighttime, accompanied by an increase in nighttime BP. Associations between psychological stress and the diurnal patterns of sodium excretion and BP are not yet fully understood. Design The study is conducted in both the laboratory and naturalistic environment with a multi-racial/ethnic sample of 211 healthy adults. In the laboratory, change in urinary sodium excretion in response to mental stress tasks is examined with pre-/post-stress assessments of sodium excretion. Changes in angiotensin-II, catecholamines, BP, heart rate, endothelin-1, and cortisol are also assessed. In the 24-hour naturalistic environment, the diurnal patterns of sodium excretion and systolic BP are assessed as daytime-to-nighttime ratio of sodium excretion and ABPM, respectively. Ecological momentary assessments of perceived stress are also collected. Summary The SABRE study investigates previously unexplored associations between stress-induced urinary excretion in the laboratory, diurnal patterns of sodium excretion and BP in the naturalistic environment, and ecological stress. It has high potential to advance our understanding of the role of psychological stress in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Dong
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. McGoldrick
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Heather Seid
- Bionutrition Research Core, Irving Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Laura P. Cohen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Ariana LaRocca
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Patrick Pham
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - S. Justin Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Joseph E. Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, 101 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
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Pfeifer LS, Heyers K, Ocklenburg S, Wolf OT. Stress research during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:581-596. [PMID: 34599918 PMCID: PMC8480136 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic confronts stress researchers in psychology and neuroscience with unique challenges. Widely used experimental paradigms such as the Trier Social Stress Test feature physical social encounters to induce stress by means of social-evaluative threat. As lockdowns and contact restrictions currently prevent in-person meetings, established stress induction paradigms are often difficult to use. Despite these challenges, stress research is of pivotal importance as the pandemic will likely increase the prevalence of stress-related mental disorders. Therefore, we review recent research trends like virtual reality, pre-recordings and online adaptations regarding their usefulness for established stress induction paradigms. Such approaches are not only crucial for stress research during COVID-19 but will likely stimulate the field far beyond the pandemic. They may facilitate research in new contexts and in homebound or movement-restricted participant groups. Moreover, they allow for new experimental variations that may advance procedures as well as the conceptualization of stress itself. While posing challenges for stress researchers undeniably, the COVID-19 pandemic may evolve into a driving force for progress eventually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Sophie Pfeifer
- Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany,Corresponding author at: Lena Sophie Pfeifer (Cognitive Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Room: IB 6/77, 44780, Bochum, Germany)
| | - Katrin Heyers
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany,General Psychology II and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology, School of Human Sciences, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver T. Wolf
- Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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26
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Prasad S, Knight EL, Sarkar A, Welker KM, Lassetter B, Mehta PH. Testosterone fluctuations in response to a democratic election predict partisan attitudes toward the elected leader. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 133:105396. [PMID: 34508970 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Intergroup competitions such as democratic elections can intensify intergroup polarization and conflict. Partisan attitudes toward the elected leader can also shift from before to after an election, but the biology underlying these attitudinal shifts remains largely unknown. An important factor could be the hormone testosterone, which is theorized to fluctuate during competition and to influence status seeking. In a naturalistic study of 113 registered voters, we measured changes in testosterone levels and attitudes toward the winner of the 2012 US Presidential Election. We found that supporters of the losing candidate (Mitt Romney) showed acute increases in testosterone levels compared to supporters of the winner (Barack Obama) on the evening of Election Day. Supporters of the losing candidate also demonstrated flatter diurnal testosterone slopes on Election Day that persisted up to two days after the election. Furthermore, greater increases in acute testosterone levels and flatter diurnal slopes among supporters of the losing candidate were associated with less positive evaluations of the winning candidate. These testosterone-moderated attitudinal shifts observed in the days after the election showed a directionally similar pattern with a weaker effect size six months later. Finally, we confirmed that the main results were robust to alternative data analytic choices using multiverse specification curve analysis. The findings from this paper suggest that hormonal responses to large-scale intergroup competitions may shape how we perceive our elected leaders, shedding light on the biology of intergroup relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Prasad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; Division of Social Sciences, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore.
| | - Erik L Knight
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Amar Sarkar
- Trinity College, Trinity Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TQ, UK; Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology, Fitzwilliam Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Keith M Welker
- College of Liberal Arts, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Bethany Lassetter
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Pranjal H Mehta
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London WC1H0AP, UK.
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27
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Stoffel M, Neubauer AB, Ditzen B. How to assess and interpret everyday life salivary cortisol measures: A tutorial on practical and statistical considerations. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 133:105391. [PMID: 34607270 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Salivary cortisol has been the central marker in psychoneuroendocrinological stress research for three decades. Given the technological possibilities to assess data in ecologically valid circumstances, many studies have implemented longitudinal assessments of salivary cortisol in study participants' everyday life. Such studies bear the potential to understand real-life associations of cortisol with psychological traits, states, and health variables. Furthermore, changes in the neuroendocrine regulation and in cortisol reactivity can be used to evaluate the effects of behavioral interventions in real-life circumstances. While standardized paradigms have been developed to measure cortisol in laboratory settings, there is high heterogeneity in the assessment, statistical processing, and interpretation of everyday life cortisol measures. This methodological tutorial aims at summarizing important knowledge which had been accumulated during the past two decades and which could be used to set up an ambulatory assessment study focusing on salivary cortisol in everyday life. Practical advice for possible strategies at all stages of the research process is outlined in detail. Additionally, an example on how to statistically process cortisol data in a multilevel framework (including syntax) is provided. In these analyses, we investigate within- and between-person research questions regarding the association between stress and cortisol in daily life. Thus, the present work (a) can be used as tutorial for setting up everyday life studies focusing on the assessment of salivary cortisol, and (b) can be useful to avoid inconsistencies in study planning, data assessment and data processing in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stoffel
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany; Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Andreas B Neubauer
- Department for Education and Human Development, DIPF
- Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Rostocker Straße 6, 60323 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Rostocker Straße 6, 60323 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany; Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Germany.
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Doerr JM, Nater UM, Feneberg AC, Mewes R. Differential associations between fatigue and psychobiological stress measures in women with depression and women with somatic symptom disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 132:105343. [PMID: 34214864 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medically unexplained fatigue is a burdensome, widespread symptom, and a frequent complaint in depressive disorders (DDs) as well as somatic symptom disorder (SSD). Heightened stress levels are a likely cause of fatigue, although the temporal associations, as well as the role of the stress-reactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, are not yet completely understood. We were interested in the differences between DD and SSD regarding general, mental, and physical fatigue, as well as associations between psychobiological stress measures (representing different time frames) and fatigue in these groups. METHODS Fifty-eight women (29 with DD, 29 with SSD) reported subjective recent fatigue and chronic stress levels, as well as levels of depression and somatic complaints using baseline questionnaires. Furthermore, they completed an ambulatory assessment period comprising measurements of fatigue, subjective stress, and salivary cortisol five times a day for 14 consecutive days. Salivary cortisol was obtained as a measure of within-day HPA axis activity, and hair cortisol concentration was obtained as a measure of accumulated HPA axis activity of the preceding three months. RESULTS Women with DD reported higher levels of general and mental fatigue than did women with SSD, which was explained by their higher level of depression. Physical fatigue levels did not differ between groups. In both groups, momentary general, mental, and physical fatigue levels were associated with momentary subjective stress but not with chronic stress. Momentary salivary cortisol levels were positively associated with mental fatigue, while hair cortisol concentration was not. CONCLUSIONS There are differences in fatigue profiles between DD and SSD, which should be accounted for in future research and practice (e.g., individualized treatment strategies focusing on mental or physical fatigue, depending on which fatigue dimension is prominent).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Doerr
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Gießen, Germany.
| | - Urs M Nater
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja C Feneberg
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ricarda Mewes
- Outpatient Unit for Research, Teaching and Practice, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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29
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Aguilar-Raab C, Stoffel M, Hernández C, Rahn S, Moessner M, Steinhilber B, Ditzen B. Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on mindfulness, stress, salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol in everyday life. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13937. [PMID: 34525214 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A large body of literature has shown the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) on stress-reduction. However, little is known about their effects on psychobiological stress-markers in daily life through an ecological momentary assessment approach. Our study examines the effects of MBI on state mindfulness, perceived stress, and indicators of sympathetic-nervous-system (saliva alpha-amylase, sAA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis (saliva cortisol, sCort) activation in daily life. Twenty-eight individuals participated in a three-month MBI (IG) and were compared to 46 controls (CG). An ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to assess mindfulness, stress, sAA and sCort at six measurements per day on two days each before and after the MBI. Multilevel-modeling was used to analyze the data on a moment-to-moment and averaged day-level. The IG showed decreased sAA levels (AUCg) from pre to post, while the CG showed increases. Furthermore, diurnal decreases in sCort (AUCi) were pronounced in the IG compared to the CG. On a momentary basis, mindfulness was associated with lower stress and sAA levels, but not sCort. As such, we show that MBI can reduce sympathetic and to a lesser extent hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation in daily life. Increased mindfulness can momentarily decrease stress and stress-related autonomic activation with implications for health. Our results emphasize the importance of brief interventions that can be easily integrated into everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Aguilar-Raab
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Stoffel
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cristóbal Hernández
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stefanie Rahn
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Moessner
- Institute of Psychosocial Prevention, Center for Psychotherapy Research, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Steinhilber
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Associations between age and cortisol awakening response in patients with borderline personality disorder. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1425-1432. [PMID: 34390395 PMCID: PMC8423694 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often display increased stress vulnerability, which may be linked to altered hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning. Corresponding deviations of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) are presumed to mirror maladaptive neuroendocrine processes, which may explain why CARs are increased compared to healthy controls (HC). Prior research speculated that these alterations may be caused by early life stress and/or chronic stress related to the ongoing burden of the disorder. Yet, it remains to be investigated how BPD influences CAR in the course of development. Therefore, the current study examined CAR in female adolescents and adults with BPD compared to HC with a particular focus on associations with age. These potential associations were especially focused, as it was hypothesized that the CAR would be even more elevated (i.e., higher) in older individuals with BPD. CAR was assessed in 54 female individuals with BPD (aged 15–40 years) and 54 sex-, age-, and intelligence-matched HC (aged 15–48 years). Group differences were investigated and analyses of covariance using age as continuous predictor were performed to analyze potential developmental associations with CAR alongside BPD-specific effects. Pearson’s correlations were calculated to examine associations between CAR and age. Analyses were repeated with potential confounders as control factors. Results not only demonstrated increased CARs in female individuals with BPD compared to HC but demonstrated elevated CARs with increasing age in BPD individuals exclusively. Effects remained stable after controlling for potential confounders. Thereby, findings suggest that endocrine alterations in BPD may reinforce with increasing age and BPD chronicity.
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31
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Ancelin ML, Norton J, Scali J, Ritchie K, Chaudieu I, Ryan J. A Prospective Study of Diurnal Cortisol and Incident Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:899-904. [PMID: 34120906 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diurnal salivary cortisol was measured in 334 older adults without dementia, at four times on two separate days, under quiet and stressful conditions. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, higher global diurnal cortisol secretion was associated with incident dementia (HR = 1.09 [1.02-1.15] per one-unit increase in cortisol measure, p = 0.007) and Alzheimer's disease (HR = 1.12 [1.04-1.21], p = 0.003) over a mean (SD) of 8.1 (4.0) years, independent of potential confounders and stressful conditions. Individuals with incident dementia had a slower rate of cortisol elimination under non-stressful conditions, reflected by higher cortisol levels in the evening, and an abnormal response to stress (blunted evening stress response).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karen Ritchie
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Joanne Ryan
- Biological Neuropsychiatry Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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32
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Bernhard A, Kirchner M, Martinelli A, Ackermann K, Kohls G, Gonzalez-Madruga K, Wells A, Fernández-Rivas A, De Artaza-Lavesa MG, Raschle NM, Konsta A, Siklósi R, Hervás A, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, De Brito SA, Popma A, Stadler C, Konrad K, Fairchild G, Freitag CM. Sex-specific associations of basal steroid hormones and neuropeptides with Conduct Disorder and neuroendocrine mediation of environmental risk. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 49:40-53. [PMID: 33813055 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Conduct Disorder (CD) is characterized by severe aggressive and antisocial behavior. The stress hormone system has frequently been investigated as a neurobiological correlate of CD, while other interacting neuroendocrine biomarkers of sex hormone or neuropeptide systems have rarely been studied, especially in females. We examined multiple basal neuroendocrine biomarkers in female and male adolescents with CD compared to healthy controls (HCs), and explored whether they mediate effects of environmental risk factors on CD. Within the FemNAT-CD study, salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), estradiol, progesterone, oxytocin, and arginine-vasopressin were measured under basal conditions in 166 pubertal adolescents with CD, and 194 sex-, age-, and puberty-matched HCs (60% females, 9-18 years). Further, environmental risk factors were assessed. Single hormone analyses showed higher DHEA-S, and lower estradiol and progesterone levels in both females and males with CD relative to HCs. When accounting for interactions between neuroendocrine systems, a male-specific sex hormone factor (testosterone/DHEA-S) predicted male CD, while estradiol and a stress-system factor (cortisol/alpha-amylase) interacting with oxytocin predicted female CD. Estradiol, progesterone, and oxytocin partly explained associations between early environmental risk and CD. Findings provide evidence for sex-specific associations between basal neuroendocrine measures and CD. Especially altered sex hormones (androgen increases in males, estrogen reductions in females) robustly related to CD, while basal stress-system measures did not. Early environmental risk factors for CD may act partly through their effects on the neuroendocrine system, especially in females. Limitations (e.g., basal neuroendocrine assessment, different sample sizes per sex, pubertal participants, exploratory mediation analyses) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anka Bernhard
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Marietta Kirchner
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Martinelli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Ackermann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gregor Kohls
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Amy Wells
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nora Maria Raschle
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angeliki Konsta
- Child and Adolescent Unit of the 1st Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Réka Siklósi
- Faculty of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of the Child Health Center, Szeged University, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Amaia Hervás
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, University Hospital Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; AGAUR Clinical and Genetic Research Group, Global Institute of Neurodevelopment Integrated Care (IGAIN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephane A De Brito
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Arne Popma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christina Stadler
- University of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Graeme Fairchild
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Bibi S, Shah M, Malik MO, Goosens KA. T3 is linked to stress-associated reduction of prolactin in lactating women. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e13003. [PMID: 34241933 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between stress responses and lactation is bidirectional. Breastfeeding confers many benefits to maternal health, including attenuated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness to stress. However, increased stress burden can impair lactation. The mechanisms that underlie these relationships are poorly understood. The present study aimed to compare breastfeeding habits, as well as subjective and objective measures of stress, in employed and non-employed lactating women and assess the relationships between these measures and prolactin (PRL), thyroid hormones (thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine [T3] and thyroxine), vasopressin and cortisol levels. A dexamethasone suppression test was also administered to determine the sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to negative-feedback. We report that lactating employed women had lower breastfeeding rates and lower PRL than lactating non-employed women. They also had a significantly higher stress burden, indicated by elevations in blood pressure and evening cortisol, relative to lactating non-employed women. In regression analyses that controlled for feeding modality and breastfeeding duration, we found these factors differentially affected PRL in the two groups and there were significant differences in PRL across groups that were not accounted for by these factors. A mediation regression analysis suggested that group differences in PRL were best explained by differences in T3 and income levels, rather than breastfeeding duration or other variables. Our data fit a speculative model in which elevated maternal stress increases cortisol, which suppresses T3, leading to decreased PRL. The decreases in PRL are associated with higher rates of bottlefeeding, which may further contribute to decreased PRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Bibi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Shah
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Omar Malik
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ki Ann Goosens
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Affective Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Misiak B, Pruessner M, Samochowiec J, Wiśniewski M, Reginia A, Stańczykiewicz B. A meta-analysis of blood and salivary cortisol levels in first-episode psychosis and high-risk individuals. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 62:100930. [PMID: 34171354 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated cortisol responses and glucose metabolism have been reported in psychosis. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis of cortisol responses in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and psychosis risk states, taking into consideration glucose metabolism. A total of 47 studies were included. Unstimulated blood cortisol levels were significantly higher (g = 0.48, 95 %CI: 0.25-0.70, p < 0.001) in FEP, but not in psychosis risk states (g = 0.39, 95 %CI: -0.42-1.21, p = 0.342), compared to controls. Cortisol awakening response (CAR) was attenuated in FEP (g = -0.40, 95 %CI: -0.68 - -0.12, p = 0.006), but not in psychosis risk states (p = 0.433). Glucose and insulin levels were positively correlated with unstimulated blood cortisol levels in FEP. Our meta-analysis supports previous findings of elevated blood cortisol levels and attenuated CAR in FEP. Future research should focus on identifying the common denominators for alterations in stress hormones and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10 Street, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marita Pruessner
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26 Street, 71-457 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Artur Reginia
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 26 Street, 71-457 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Stańczykiewicz
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5 Street, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
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Johnson JA, Zawadzki MJ, Jones DR, Reichenberger J, Smyth JM. Intra-individual Associations of Perceived Stress, Affective Valence, and Affective Arousal with Momentary Cortisol in a Sample of Working Adults. Ann Behav Med 2021; 56:305-310. [PMID: 34156423 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research pairing ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methodology and ambulatory cortisol during daily life is still rare, as is careful testing of the within-person associations between stress, affect, and cortisol. Using a circumplex approach, we considered both valence and arousal components of affect. PURPOSE To examine the within-person covariation of momentary cortisol with momentary perceived stress, affective valence, and affective arousal in everyday life. METHODS 115 working adults (Mage = 41.2; 76% women; 76% white) completed six EMA surveys per day over 3 days. Each assessment included reports of perceived stress and affect (used to construct indicators of affective valence and arousal), followed by a saliva sample (from which cortisol was assessed). Multi-level models were used to examine the momentary associations between perceived stress, affective valence, affective arousal, and cortisol. RESULTS Moments characterized by higher perceived stress were associated with higher cortisol (p = .036). Affective valence covaried with cortisol (p = .003) such that more positive valence was associated with lower cortisol and more negative valence with higher cortisol. Momentary affective arousal was not related to cortisol (p = .131). When all predictors were tested in the same model, only valence remained a significant predictor of cortisol (p = .047). CONCLUSION Momentary perceived stress and affective valence, but not affective arousal, were associated with naturalistic cortisol. Cortisol was more robustly associated with affective valence than perceived stress or affective arousal. These findings extend our understanding of how moments of stress and particular characteristics of affective states (i.e., valence but not arousal) may "get under the skin" in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian A Johnson
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Zawadzki
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Dusti R Jones
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Julia Reichenberger
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
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Lutke Schipholt IJ, Coppieters MW, Meijer OG, Tompra N, de Vries RBM, Scholten-Peeters GGM. Effects of joint and nerve mobilisation on neuroimmune responses in animals and humans with neuromusculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e927. [PMID: 34104836 PMCID: PMC8177878 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. There is evidence that joint and nerve mobilisations compared with sham or no intervention positively influence various neuroimmune responses in animal and human neuromusculoskeletal conditions. Several animal and human studies revealed that joint and nerve mobilisations positively influence neuroimmune responses in neuromusculoskeletal conditions. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis has been performed. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize the effects of joint and nerve mobilisation compared with sham or no intervention on neuroimmune responses in animals and humans with neuromusculoskeletal conditions. Four electronic databases were searched for controlled trials. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data, assessed the risk of bias, and graded the certainty of the evidence. Where possible, meta-analyses using random effects models were used to pool the results. Preliminary evidence from 13 animal studies report neuroimmune responses after joint and nerve mobilisations. In neuropathic pain models, meta-analysis revealed decreased spinal cord levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, dorsal root ganglion levels of interleukin-1β, number of dorsal root ganglion nonneuronal cells, and increased spinal cord interleukin-10 levels. The 5 included human studies showed mixed effects of spinal manipulation on salivary/serum cortisol levels in people with spinal pain, and no significant effects on serum β-endorphin or interleukin-1β levels in people with spinal pain. There is evidence that joint and nerve mobilisations positively influence various neuroimmune responses. However, as most findings are based on single studies, the certainty of the evidence is low to very low. Further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo J Lutke Schipholt
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel W Coppieters
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane & Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Onno G Meijer
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Nefeli Tompra
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob B M de Vries
- SYRCLE, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gwendolyne G M Scholten-Peeters
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Cortisol response to acute psychosocial stress in ADHD compared to conduct disorder and major depressive disorder: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:899-916. [PMID: 34089765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BERNHARD, A., J. S. Mayer, N. Fann, and C. M. Freitag. Cortisol response to acute psychosocial stress in ADHD compared to Conduct Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder: A systematic review. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV XX(X) XXX-XXX, 2020. - Heterogeneous alterations of the cortisol stress response in Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were recently reported by a systematic literature review. To investigate the moderating effect of frequent psychiatric comorbidities, we systematically searched for studies on cortisol stress response to psychosocial stress in ADHD compared to Conduct Disorder (CD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) following PRISMA guidelines. EBSCOhost and PubMed databases were searched in July 2020, employing relevant keywords. Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria. While blunted cortisol stress response was consistently reported in individuals with CD and/or Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), alterations of cortisol stress response were less pronounced in ADHD. Consistently blunted cortisol stress response in ADHD was only found in children with comorbid CD/ODD. Results on cortisol stress response in children and adolescents with MDD were mixed, and no indication for influence of comorbid MDD on cortisol stress response in ADHD was found. Taken together, altered cortisol stress response in ADHD is driven by comorbidity with disruptive behavior disorders. Limitations of previous research and suggestions for future studies are discussed.
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Zhang Y, Zhou T, Feng S, Wang W, Liu H, Wang P, Sha Z, Yu X. The chronic effect of cortisol on orchestrating cerebral blood flow and brain functional connectivity: evidence from Cushing's disease. Metabolism 2021; 115:154432. [PMID: 33197455 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortisol has long been considered to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of stress-related disorders. Cushing's disease (CD) provides an excellent "hyperexpression model" to investigate the chronic effects of cortisol on brain physiology and cognition. Previous studies have shown that cortisol is associated with neurophysiological alterations in animal models, which has also been examined by neural activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in human studies. However, the manner in which cortisol affects the coupling between brain activity and metabolic demand remains largely unknown. METHODS Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and arterial-spin-labeling imaging to investigate neurophysiological coupling by examining the ratio of CBF and functional connectivity strength (FCS) in 100 participants (47 CD patients and 53 healthy controls). RESULTS The results showed that CD was associated with lower CBF-FCS coupling predominantly in regions involving cognitive processing, such as the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and precuneus, as well as greater CBF-FCS coupling in subcortical structures, including the bilateral thalamus, right putamen, and hippocampus (P < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected). Moreover, regions with disrupted CBF-FCS coupling were associated with cortisol dosage and cognitive decline in CD patients. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings elucidate the effect of cortisol excess on cerebral microenvironment regulation and associated cognitive disturbances in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Sha
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Xinguang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
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Tekampe J, van Middendorp H, Biermasz NR, Sweep FCGJ, Meijer OC, Pelsma ICM, Pereira AM, Hermus ARMM, Evers AWM. Conditioning cortisol in healthy young women - A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 124:105081. [PMID: 33340878 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Learned placebo effects induced by pharmacological conditioning affect immune and endocrine outcomes and may offer new possibilities for clinical applications. Whether or not cortisol is subject to this type of associative learning processes, and whether conditioning may affect responses to stress, is currently unclear. METHOD A randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 48 healthy young women. During acquisition, participants received a pill containing either 100 mg hydrocortisone (unconditioned stimulus) or placebo, paired with a gustatory conditioned stimulus on three consecutive days. During evocation, all participants received placebo paired with the conditioned stimulus, again on three consecutive days. During the third evocation trial, participants underwent a psychosocial stress task. The main outcome parameter salivary cortisol and secondary outcome parameters salivary alpha-amylase, self-reported positive affect and tension, heart rate, and skin conductance level were measured at several time points. RESULTS Significant baseline group differences on cortisol were found at several time points, which complicate the interpretation of group differences. During the first evocation session, the conditioned group showed a moderately smaller cumulative decrease in salivary cortisol from baseline than the placebo control group. No significant differences were found between the groups on cortisol during the second and third evocation or in response to stress, nor on other outcome measures. CONCLUSION Although the results provide potential further indications for effects of conditioning on cortisol, baseline differences make it impossible to draw clear conclusions. No indications for possible effects of conditioning on the cortisol stress response or autonomous or affective responses to stress were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Tekampe
- Heath Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Nienke R Biermasz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Endocrine Tumors Leiden (CETL), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
| | - Fred C G J Sweep
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Endocrine Tumors Leiden (CETL), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
| | - Iris C M Pelsma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Endocrine Tumors Leiden (CETL), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
| | - Alberto M Pereira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Endocrine Tumors Leiden (CETL), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
| | - Ad R M M Hermus
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea W M Evers
- Heath Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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40
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Ancelin ML, Norton J, Ritchie K, Chaudieu I, Ryan J. 11β-Hydroxylase (CYP11B1) gene variants and new-onset depression in later life. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E147-E153. [PMID: 33245660 PMCID: PMC7955840 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.190177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cumulative exposure to high glucocorticoid levels is detrimental for the brain and may have particular implications in later life. A feature of late-life depression is increased cortisol secretion. Variants in the CYP11B1 gene, which codes for the enzyme responsible for cortisol synthesis, could influence risk of late-life depression, but this hypothesis has not been examined. We investigated the associations between variants in the CYP11B1 gene and late-life depression, taking into account history of depression and potential sex-specific effects. METHODS We assessed depression in 1007 community-dwellers aged 65 years or older (60% women) at baseline and over a 14-year follow-up. A clinical level of depression was defined as a score of ≥ 16 on the Centre for Epidemiology Studies Depression scale or a diagnosis of current major depression based on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). We examined incident and recurrent depression in participants without or with a history of major depression, respectively. We genotyped 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning CYP11B1. We used multivariable analyses to adjust for age, body mass index, cardiovascular ischemic pathologies, hypertension, cognitive impairment and anxiety. RESULTS In women, rs6471580 and rs7016924 were associated with a 50% lower rate of incident (new-onset) late-life depression, and rs11783855 was associated with a 2.4-fold higher rate of late-life depression. These associations remained after correction for multiple testing, but we found no associations for recurrent depression in women or men. LIMITATIONS This study focused on the major gene involved in corticosteroid biosynthesis, but other genes may also be implicated in this pathway. CONCLUSION Variants of the CYP11B1 gene appear to be susceptibility factors for late-life depression in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Ancelin
- From Inserm, Université Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Norton, Ritchie, Chaudieu, Ryan); the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and the Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Joanna Norton
- From Inserm, Université Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Norton, Ritchie, Chaudieu, Ryan); the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and the Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Karen Ritchie
- From Inserm, Université Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Norton, Ritchie, Chaudieu, Ryan); the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and the Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Isabelle Chaudieu
- From Inserm, Université Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Norton, Ritchie, Chaudieu, Ryan); the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and the Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ryan)
| | - Joanne Ryan
- From Inserm, Université Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France (Ancelin, Norton, Ritchie, Chaudieu, Ryan); the Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (Ritchie); and the Biological Neuropsychiatry and Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Ryan)
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Psychological stress and cortisol during pregnancy: An ecological momentary assessment (EMA)-Based within- and between-person analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 121:104848. [PMID: 32927180 PMCID: PMC7895320 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the linkage between psychological stress and cortisol is believed to mediate the association of stress with health outcomes, several studies have been unable to demonstrate this association. We suggest this inability may be a consequence of limitations in the measurement approach and/or reliance on analytic strategies that focus on associations across, rather than within individuals. The link between psychological stress and cortisol is of particular interest in the context of pregnancy and fetal development. Using an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design, we examined the association between psychological stress and cortisol at the between- and the within-person level. METHODS 152 participants completed a 4-day long EMA protocol serially in early, mid and late pregnancy to provide momentary stress appraisals (average of 150 measures/subject) and saliva samples (average of 55 samples/subject) for quantification of cortisol. The association between stress and cortisol was estimated using linear mixed models. RESULTS After accounting for the effects of key determinants of variation in cortisol, momentary stress was significantly and positively associated with cortisol at the within-person level (B = .030, p = .031), but not at the between-person level. No association was evident for traditional retrospective measures of stress with cortisol at either the between- or the within-person level. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the value of EMA methods and linear mixed-modeling approaches in linking maternal psychological and physiological states across pregnancy. These findings may have important implications for the development of personalized risk identification and "just-in-time" intervention strategies to optimize maternal and child health.
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Mori M, Aoyagi K, Tomoda T, Ishikawara F, Sakamoto S, Myochin H, Kuga M, Kozaki D, Ohshima N, Izumi T, Itabashi H, Shoho Y, Yoshida A, Tsunekawa K, Kimura T, Murakami M. Simultaneous capillary electrophoresis of anions and cations in a single injection using an anion exchanger-modified capillary for determination of salivary ions in combination with statistical analyses. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461647. [PMID: 33291035 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the simultaneous capillary electrophoresis (CE) of anions and cations using an anion exchange-modified capillary, which was prepared by chemical coating with a cationic silylating reagent, and its application to saliva analysis. The CE method provides high-throughput (5 min for a single sample injection) analysis by generating a high-velocity electroosmotic flow at pH 3.0-3.5. The detection limits at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 ranged from 1.2 to 18 μM for anions and 1.0 to 2.7 μM for cations. The relative standard deviations for the migration times and peak areas of analytes (n = 4) ranged from 0.05% to 0.40% and 0.94% to 4.7%, respectively. The CE system was used to analyze 11 common ions in saliva samples collected from long-distance runners and sedentary university students before and after running for a set distance or a set time. Interestingly, the SCN- concentrations decreased in the saliva samples of all 14 athletes and 16 sedentary students after running. Furthermore, when the concentrations of the analyzed ions were compared with that of cortisol as a typical stress marker by multiple regression analysis, SCN- and NO3- in saliva samples from the two subject groups strongly correlated with cortisol levels, as determined by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. This study improves our knowledge of both the analytical methodology for CE and statistical methods for identifying common ions that could be used as physical stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Mori
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Aoyagi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tomoda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Fumi Ishikawara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Shou Sakamoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Hironori Myochin
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Midori Kuga
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1, Akebono-cho, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Izumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, 2-51-4, Higashiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 170-8445, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Itabashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Shoho
- Faculty of Education, Ikuei University, 1656-1, Kyoume-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0011, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tsunekawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takao Kimura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masami Murakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social relationships can have positive and negative influences, and these associations are particularly pronounced in old age. This study focuses on everyday interpersonal physiological dynamics (cortisol synchrony) in older couples and investigates its associations with partner presence, positive daily partner interactions, and empathy. METHODS We conducted coordinated multilevel analyses using data from two samples of older couples from Vancouver, Canada, and Berlin, Germany (study 1: n = 85 couples aged 60-87 years; study 2: n = 77 couples aged 66-85 years), who completed questionnaires and provided salivary cortisol samples five to seven times daily for 7 days. RESULTS Significant dyadic covariation in cortisol (synchrony) was present across studies (study 1/2: b = 0.04/0.03, p < .001/.001). Partner presence was only associated with greater cortisol synchrony in study 1 (b = 0.06, p = .003) but not in study 2 (b = 0.02, p = .187). Cortisol synchrony was higher when partners reported prior positive socioemotional partner interactions (study 1: b = 0.09, p = .005; study 2: b = 0.04, p = .005). There was no statistically significant association between cortisol synchrony and empathic concern (b = 0.01, p = .590) or perspective taking (b = 0.02, p = .065). CONCLUSIONS Moments of social bonding are intertwined with physiological synchrony in everyday life. The implications of potential repeated transmission of stress in the context of high synchrony for individual health and relationship functioning warrant further investigation.
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Effects of a high-intensity interval training session and chocolate milk on appetite and cognitive performance in youth aged 9-13 years. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:172-179. [PMID: 32814852 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To investigate the separate and combined effects of a single session of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and chocolate milk on appetite and cognitive performance in youth aged 9-13 years. Blood glucose, salivary cortisol, and subjective emotions were measured to evaluate potential underlying mechanisms contributing to changes in appetite and cognitive performance. SUBJECTS/METHODS Using a 2 × 2 repeated measures design, 20 youth (n = 12 girls and n = 8 boys; age = 11.4 ± 0.3 years) performed HIIT on a cycle ergometer (7 × 60 s bouts, interspersed by 60 s active recovery) or sitting, followed by consumption of 163 kcal chocolate milk or water. Capillary blood glucose, salivary cortisol, cognitive performance, and subjective appetite and emotions were assessed at baseline and at several time points post-treatment. RESULTS Subjective appetite decreased from baseline following chocolate milk consumption compared water (p = 0.04), and increased from baseline after HIIT compared to sitting (p = 0.01). Participants recalled more words during a short-term memory task and had faster reaction times during an attention task following HIIT compared to sitting (Δ = 1.1 ± 0.02 words, p = 0.03; and Δ = 117.9 ± 23.1 ms, p = 0.01, respectively). Blood glucose increased from baseline following chocolate milk consumption compared to water (at 10 min: Δ = 1.0 ± 0.33 vs. Δ = 0.29 ± 0.060 mmol/L; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings that HIIT may have a positive effect on aspects of cognitive performance suggest that youth should engage in HIIT-like exercise during recesses and lunch at school to attenuate declines in cognitive performance throughout the day. Registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03305107).
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Dumont L, Marin MF, Lupien SJ, Juster RP. Sex Differences in Work-Stress Memory Bias and Stress Hormones. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070432. [PMID: 32650392 PMCID: PMC7408118 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health problems related to chronic stress in workers appear to be sex-specific. Psychosocial factors related to work-life balance partly explain these sex differences. In addition, physiological markers of stress can provide critical information on the mechanisms explaining how chronic stress gets "under the skull" to increase vulnerability to mental health disorders in working men and women. Stress hormones access the brain and modulate attentional and memory process in favor of threatening information. In the present study, we tested whether male and female workers present a memory bias towards work-stress related information, and whether this bias is associated with concentrations of stress hormones in reactivity to a laboratory stressor (reactive levels) and samples taken in participants' workday (diurnal levels). In total, 201 participants (144 women) aged between 18 and 72 years underwent immediate and delayed recall tasks with a 24-word list, split as a function of valence (work-stress, positive, neutral). Participants were exposed to a psychosocial stressor in between recalls. Reactivity to stress was measured with saliva samples before and after the stressor. Diurnal cortisol was also measured with five saliva samples a day, during 2 workdays. Our exploratory results showed that men presented greater cortisol reactivity to stress than women, while women recalled more positive and neutral words than men. No sex difference was detected on the recall of work-stress words, before or after exposure to stress. These results do not support the hypothesis of a sex-specific cognitive bias as an explanatory factor for sex differences in stress-related mental health disorders in healthy male and female workers. However, it is possible that such a work-stress bias is present in individuals who have developed a mental-health disorder related to workplace stress or who have had one in the recent past. Consequently, future studies could use our stress memory bias task to assess this and other hypotheses in diverse working populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Dumont
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada; (M.-F.M.); (S.J.L.); (R.-P.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada; (M.-F.M.); (S.J.L.); (R.-P.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Sonia J. Lupien
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada; (M.-F.M.); (S.J.L.); (R.-P.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada; (M.-F.M.); (S.J.L.); (R.-P.J.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Center on Sex*Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
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Ho RTH, Lo HHM, Fong TCT, Choi CW. Effects of a Mindfulness-based Intervention on diurnal cortisol pattern in disadvantaged families: A randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 117:104696. [PMID: 32353816 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined the psychophysiological effects of Family-based Mindfulness Intervention (FBMI) on children and parents from disadvantaged families. METHODS This randomized controlled trial recruited parents and their children from 51 disadvantaged families in Hong Kong and randomized them into FBMI (n = 26) and waitlist control (n = 25) groups. The parent intervention included 6 sessions and the child intervention included 8 sessions with 2 half-hour joint programs. Both interventions lasted 9 hours in total each. All participants completed four salivary cortisol measures after wakeup, before lunchtime, late-afternoon, and before sleep at baseline and end of the intervention. The diurnal cortisol pattern was summarized by the morning cortisol, evening cortisol, mean cortisol, and diurnal cortisol slope. RESULTS Compared to the control group, children in the FBMI group showed significant increases in morning cortisol (d = 0.50, p = 0.03) and significant decreases in diurnal cortisol slopes (d = 0.50, p = 0.04) at the end of intervention. Parents in the FBMI group displayed significant decreases in evening cortisol (d = 0.50, p = 0.04) compared to the control group at the end of intervention. No significant treatment effects were found on the mean cortisol. DISCUSSION The present findings suggest that FBMI could improve the diurnal cortisol slope and cortisol levels of the children and parents from disadvantaged families, respectively. Future studies should elucidate its potential benefits on neuroendocrine functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainbow T H Ho
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Herman H M Lo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Ted C T Fong
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C W Choi
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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Condon EM, Londono Tobon A, Mayes LC, Sadler LS. Acceptability and Feasibility of Hair and Salivary Biomarker Collection Among Multiethnic School-Age Children. Matern Child Health J 2020; 24:865-874. [PMID: 32356128 PMCID: PMC7378972 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-02926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As noninvasive biological markers gain increasing popularity in pediatric research, it is critical to understand how study participants perceive these measures, especially among groups underrepresented in biobehavioral research, like children and people of color. The purpose of this study was to examine acceptability and feasibility of hair and salivary biomarker collection in an urban community sample of ethnically diverse children (age 4 to 10 years). METHODS Ninety-seven mother-child dyads were recruited for a cross-sectional follow up study of the Minding the Baby® home visiting intervention. Children were Hispanic (63%), Black (34%), and multi-racial (3.1%). A conventional content analysis was conducted using two sources of data: (1) mothers' responses to open-ended interview questions on their views and suggestions regarding biomarker collection, and (2) field notes recorded by investigators. RESULTS Forty-four percent of mothers reported biomarker-related questions or concerns, including questions about the purpose of biomarker testing, and concerns about cosmetic issues, child discomfort, and future use of biomarker data. Mothers also offered positive feedback and advice for collection. Issues affecting feasibility included children's hair length and style, refusal to participate, and behavioral or developmental issues. CONCLUSIONS Hair and salivary biomarker collection was largely acceptable and feasible in this sample. Strategies for promoting ethical and sensitive biomarker collection include respectful explanations and parental involvement, creating a comfortable and safe environment for the child, flexible collection strategies, and attention to development, cultural preferences and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M Condon
- Yale School of Nursing, 400 West Campus Drive, Orange, CT, 06477, USA.
| | | | - Linda C Mayes
- Yale Child Study Center, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Lois S Sadler
- Yale School of Nursing, 400 West Campus Drive, Orange, CT, 06477, USA
- Yale Child Study Center, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
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Gaebel C, Rittner S, Stoffel M, Jarczok MN, Aguilar-Raab C, Ditzen B, Warth M. Study protocol of the MUSED study: A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the psychobiological effects of group music therapy in women with depression. NORDIC JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2020.1760921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gaebel
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Rittner
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Stoffel
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc N. Jarczok
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Corina Aguilar-Raab
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Warth
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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A systematic review of the Trier Social Stress Test methodology: Issues in promoting study comparison and replicable research. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100235. [PMID: 33344691 PMCID: PMC7739033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its development in 1993, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) has been used widely as a psychosocial stress paradigm to activate the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) stress systems, stimulating physiological functions (e.g. heart rate) and cortisol secretion. Several methodological variations introduced over the years have led the scientific community to question replication between studies. In this systematic review, we used the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) to synthesize procedure-related data available about the TSST protocol to highlight commonalities and differences across studies. We noted significant discrepancies across studies in how researchers applied the TSST protocol. In particular, we highlight variations in testing procedures (e.g., number of judges, initial number in the arithmetic task, time of the collected saliva samples for cortisol) and discuss possible misinterpretation in comparing findings from studies failing to control for variables or using a modified version from the original protocol. Further, we recommend that researchers use a standardized background questionnaire when using the TSST to identify factors that may influence physiological measurements in tandem with a summary of this review as a protocol guide. More systematic implementation and detailed reporting of TSST methodology will promote study replication, optimize comparison of findings, and foster an informed understanding of factors affecting responses to social stressors in healthy people and those with pathological conditions.
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Cortisol stress response predicts 9-year risky driving convictions in male first-time driving-while-impaired offenders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:177-187. [PMID: 31511917 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With driving while impaired by alcohol (DWI) representing a persistent burden on global health, better understanding and prevention of recidivism following a first-time DWI conviction are needed. Progress towards these goals is challenged by the marked heterogeneity in offender characteristics and a traffic safety literature that relies on subjective self-report measures and cross-sectional study designs. The present study tested the hypothesis that an objective neurobiological marker of behavioural maladjustment, the cortisol stress response (CSR), predicts future DWI and other traffic convictions over a 9-year follow-up period. METHODS One hundred thirty-two male first-time DWI offenders and 31 non-offender comparators were recruited and assessed at intake for their substance use, psychosocial and psychological characteristics and CSR. Traffic conviction data were obtained from provincial driving records. Survival analysis estimated the association between CSR and risk of a traffic conviction over time. RESULTS In support of our hypothesis, blunted CSR predicted traffic convictions during the follow-up duration. This effect generalized to both DWI offenders and non-DWI drivers. While CSR was lower in DWI offenders compared to non-offenders, it did not specifically predict recidivism in DWI offenders. Modelling results indicated that blunted CSR, along with DWI offender group membership, experience seeking and drug use frequency, may demarcate a high-risk driver phenotype. CONCLUSIONS CSR is a neurobiological marker of a driver phenotype with elevated generalized driving risk. For drivers with characteristics consistent with this phenotype, expanding the focus of intervention to address multiple forms of risky driving may be necessary to curb their overall threat to traffic safety.
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