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Maity S, Dutta D, Terhorst J, Sun Y, Banerjee M. A linear adjustment-based approach to posterior drift in transfer learning. Biometrika 2024; 111:31-50. [PMID: 38948430 PMCID: PMC11212525 DOI: 10.1093/biomet/asad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We present new models and methods for the posterior drift problem where the regression function in the target domain is modelled as a linear adjustment, on an appropriate scale, of that in the source domain, and study the theoretical properties of our proposed estimators in the binary classification problem. The core idea of our model inherits the simplicity and the usefulness of generalized linear models and accelerated failure time models from the classical statistics literature. Our approach is shown to be flexible and applicable in a variety of statistical settings, and can be adopted for transfer learning problems in various domains including epidemiology, genetics and biomedicine. As concrete applications, we illustrate the power of our approach (i) through mortality prediction for British Asians by borrowing strength from similar data from the larger pool of British Caucasians, using the UK Biobank data, and (ii) in overcoming a spurious correlation present in the source domain of the Waterbirds dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Maity
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A.
| | - Diptavo Dutta
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Moulinath Banerjee
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A
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Chang T, Fu M, Valiente-Banuet L, Wadhwa S, Pasaniuc B, Vossel K. Improving genetic risk modeling of dementia from real-world data in underrepresented populations. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3911508. [PMID: 38410460 PMCID: PMC10896371 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3911508/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic risk modeling for dementia offers significant benefits, but studies based on real-world data, particularly for underrepresented populations, are limited. METHODS We employed an Elastic Net model for dementia risk prediction using single-nucleotide polymorphisms prioritized by functional genomic data from multiple neurodegenerative disease genome-wide association studies. We compared this model with APOE and polygenic risk score models across genetic ancestry groups, using electronic health records from UCLA Health for discovery and All of Us cohort for validation. RESULTS Our model significantly outperforms other models across multiple ancestries, improving the area-under-precision-recall curve by 21-61% and the area-under-the-receiver-operating characteristic by 10-21% compared to the APOEand the polygenic risk score models. We identified shared and ancestry-specific risk genes and biological pathways, reinforcing and adding to existing knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights benefits of integrating functional mapping, multiple neurodegenerative diseases, and machine learning for genetic risk models in diverse populations. Our findings hold potential for refining precision medicine strategies in dementia diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Chang
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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Fu M, Valiente-Banuet L, Wadhwa SS, Pasaniuc B, Vossel K, Chang TS. Improving genetic risk modeling of dementia from real-world data in underrepresented populations. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.05.24302355. [PMID: 38370649 PMCID: PMC10871463 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.24302355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic risk modeling for dementia offers significant benefits, but studies based on real-world data, particularly for underrepresented populations, are limited. METHODS We employed an Elastic Net model for dementia risk prediction using single-nucleotide polymorphisms prioritized by functional genomic data from multiple neurodegenerative disease genome-wide association studies. We compared this model with APOE and polygenic risk score models across genetic ancestry groups, using electronic health records from UCLA Health for discovery and All of Us cohort for validation. RESULTS Our model significantly outperforms other models across multiple ancestries, improving the area-under-precision-recall curve by 21-61% and the area-under-the-receiver-operating characteristic by 10-21% compared to the APOE and the polygenic risk score models. We identified shared and ancestry-specific risk genes and biological pathways, reinforcing and adding to existing knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights benefits of integrating functional mapping, multiple neurodegenerative diseases, and machine learning for genetic risk models in diverse populations. Our findings hold potential for refining precision medicine strategies in dementia diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Fu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
- Medical Informatics Home Area, Department of Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, United States
| | - Leopoldo Valiente-Banuet
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Satpal S. Wadhwa
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | | | | | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Keith Vossel
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Timothy S. Chang
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
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Najar J, Thorvaldsson V, Kern S, Skoog J, Waern M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Skoog I, Zettergren A. Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer's disease in relation to cognitive change: A representative sample from the general population followed over 16 years. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 189:106357. [PMID: 37977433 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer's disease (AD-PRSs) have been associated with cognition. However, few studies have examined the effect of AD-PRS beyond the APOE gene, and the influence of genetic variants related to level of cognitive ability (COG-PRS) on cognitive performance over time in the general older population. METHOD A population-based sample of 965 individuals born in 1930, with genetic and standardized cognitive data on six psychometric tests (Thurstone's picture memory, immediate recall of 10 words, Block design, word fluency, figure identification, delayed recall of 12 items), were examined at age 70, 75, 79, and 85 years. Non-APOE AD-PRSs and COG-PRSs (P < 5e-8, P < 1e-5, P < 1e-3, P < 1e-1) were generated from recent genome-wide association studies. Linear mixed effect models with random intercepts and slope were used to analyze the effect of APOE ε4 allele, AD-PRSs, and COG-PRSs, on cognitive performance and rate of change. Analyses were repeated in samples excluding dementia. RESULTS APOE ε4 and AD-PRS predicted change in cognitive performance (APOE ε4*age: β = -0.03, P < 0.0001 and AD-PRS *age: β = -0.01, P = 0.02). The results remained similar in the sample excluding those with dementia. COG-PRS predicted level of cognitive performance, while APOE ε4 and AD-PRS did not. COG-PRSs did not predict change in cognitive performance. CONCLUSION We found that genetic predisposition of AD predicted cognitive decline among 70-year-olds followed over 16 years, regardless of dementia status, while polygenic risk for general cognitive performance did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Najar
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Human Genetics, Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging at the Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Valgeir Thorvaldsson
- Department of Psychology, and Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP), at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Silke Kern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Johan Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Margda Waern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychosis Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Yu C, Ryan J, Orchard SG, Robb C, Woods RL, Wolfe R, Renton AE, Goate AM, Brodtmann A, Shah RC, Chong TTJ, Sheets K, Kyndt C, Sood A, Storey E, Murray AM, McNeil JJ, Lacaze P. Validation of newly derived polygenic risk scores for dementia in a prospective study of older individuals. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5333-5342. [PMID: 37177856 PMCID: PMC10640662 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent genome-wide association studies identified new dementia-associated variants. We assessed the performance of updated polygenic risk scores (PRSs) using these variants in an independent cohort. METHODS We used Cox models and area under the curve (AUC) to validate new PRSs (PRS-83SNP, PRS-SBayesR, and PRS-CS) compared with an older PRS-23SNP in 12,031 initially-healthy participants ≥70 years of age. Dementia was rigorously adjudicated according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria. RESULTS PRS-83SNP, PRS-SBayesR, and PRS-CS were associated with incident dementia, with fully adjusted (including apolipoprotein E [APOE] ε4) hazard ratios per standard deviation (SD) of 1.35 (1.23-1.47), 1.37 (1.25-1.50), and 1.42 (1.30-1.56), respectively. The AUC of a model containing conventional/non-genetic factors and APOE was 74.7%. This was improved to 75.7% (p = 0.007), 76% (p = 0.004), and 76.1% (p = 0.003) with addition of PRS-83SNP, PRS-SBayesR, and PRS-CS, respectively. The PRS-23SNP did not improve AUC (74.7%, p = 0.95). CONCLUSION New PRSs for dementia significantly improve risk-prediction performance, but still account for less risk than APOE genotype overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Yu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne Ryan
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne G. Orchard
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Robb
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn L. Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan E. Renton
- Department Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alison M. Goate
- Department Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- Cognitive Health Initiative, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raj C. Shah
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and the Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Trevor T.-J. Chong
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kerry Sheets
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christopher Kyndt
- Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ajay Sood
- Department of Neurology and the Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elsdon Storey
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne M. Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Hennepin Healthcare, and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John J. McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Liu T, Li C, Zhang R, Millender EF, Miao H, Ormsbee M, Guo J, Westbrook A, Pan Y, Wang J, Kelly TN. A longitudinal study of polygenic score and cognitive function decline considering baseline cognitive function, lifestyle behaviors, and diabetes among middle-aged and older US adults. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:196. [PMID: 37950263 PMCID: PMC10636974 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic study of cognition decline while considering baseline cognition and lifestyle behaviors is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a polygenic score for general cognition on cognition decline rate, while considering baseline cognition and lifestyle behaviors, among the general population and people with diabetes, a patient group commonly affected by cognition impairment. METHODS We tested associations of the polygenic score for general cognition with annual changing rates of cognition measures in 8 years of follow-up among 12,090 White and 3100 Black participants of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative sample of adults aged 50 years and older in the USA. Cognition measures including word recall, mental status, and total cognitive score were measured biannually. To maximize sample size and length of follow-up, we treated the 2010 wave of survey as baseline, and follow-up data until 2018 were analyzed. Baseline lifestyle behaviors, APOE status, and measured cognition were sequentially adjusted. Given racial differences in polygenic score, all analyses were conducted by race. RESULTS The polygenic score was significantly associated with annual changing rates of all cognition measures independent of lifestyle behaviors and APOE status. Together with age and sex, the polygenic score explained 29.9%, 15.9%, and 26.5% variances of annual changing rates of word recall, mental status, and total cognitive scores among Whites and explained 17.2%, 13.9%, and 18.7% variance of the three traits among Blacks. Among both White and Black participants, those in the top quartile of polygenic score had the three cognition measures increased annually, while those in the bottom quartile had the three cognition measures decreased annually. After further adjusting for the average cognition assessed in 3 visits around baseline, the polygenic score was still positively associated with annual changing rates of all cognition measures for White (P ≤ 2.89E - 19) but not for Black (P ≥ 0.07) participants. In addition, among participants with diabetes, physical activity offset the genetic susceptibility to decline of mental status (interaction P ≤ 0.01) and total cognitive scores (interaction P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Polygenic score predicted cognition changes in addition to measured cognition. Physical activity offset genetic risk for cognition decline among diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Eugenia Flores Millender
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Center of Population Sciences for Health Equity, Florida State University College of Nursing, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Hongyu Miao
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Michael Ormsbee
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Jinzhen Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Adrianna Westbrook
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yang Pan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Suh EH, Lee G, Jung SH, Wen Z, Bao J, Nho K, Huang H, Davatzikos C, Saykin AJ, Thompson PM, Shen L, Kim D. An interpretable Alzheimer's disease oligogenic risk score informed by neuroimaging biomarkers improves risk prediction and stratification. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1281748. [PMID: 37953885 PMCID: PMC10637854 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1281748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stratification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients into risk subgroups using Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) presents novel opportunities for the development of clinical trials and disease-modifying therapies. However, the heterogeneous nature of AD continues to pose significant challenges for the clinical broadscale use of PRS. PRS remains unfit in demonstrating sufficient accuracy in risk prediction, particularly for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and in allowing feasible interpretation of specific genes or SNPs contributing to disease risk. We propose adORS, a novel oligogenic risk score for AD, to better predict risk of disease by using an optimized list of relevant genetic risk factors. Methods Using whole genome sequencing data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort (n = 1,545), we selected 20 genes that exhibited the strongest correlations with FDG-PET and AV45-PET, recognized neuroimaging biomarkers that detect functional brain changes in AD. This subset of genes was incorporated into adORS to assess, in comparison to PRS, the prediction accuracy of CN vs. AD classification and MCI conversion prediction, risk stratification of the ADNI cohort, and interpretability of the genetic information included in the scores. Results adORS improved AUC scores over PRS in both CN vs. AD classification and MCI conversion prediction. The oligogenic model also refined risk-based stratification, even without the assistance of APOE, thus reflecting the true prevalence rate of the ADNI cohort compared to PRS. Interpretation analysis shows that genes included in adORS, such as ATF6, EFCAB11, ING5, SIK3, and CD46, have been observed in similar neurodegenerative disorders and/or are supported by AD-related literature. Discussion Compared to conventional PRS, adORS may prove to be a more appropriate choice of differentiating patients into high or low genetic risk of AD in clinical studies or settings. Additionally, the ability to interpret specific genetic information allows the focus to be shifted from general relative risk based on a given population to the information that adORS can provide for a single individual, thus permitting the possibility of personalized treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica H. Suh
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Garam Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Innovative Medical Technology Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zixuan Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jingxuan Bao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Heng Huang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Ikonnikova A, Morozova A, Antonova O, Ochneva A, Fedoseeva E, Abramova O, Emelyanova M, Filippova M, Morozova I, Zorkina Y, Syunyakov T, Andryushchenko A, Andreuyk D, Kostyuk G, Gryadunov D. Evaluation of the Polygenic Risk Score for Alzheimer's Disease in Russian Patients with Dementia Using a Low-Density Hydrogel Oligonucleotide Microarray. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14765. [PMID: 37834213 PMCID: PMC10572681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The polygenic risk score (PRS), together with the ɛ4 allele of the APOE gene (APOE-ɛ4), has shown high potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk prediction. The aim of this study was to validate the model of polygenic risk in Russian patients with dementia. A microarray-based assay was developed to identify 21 markers of polygenic risk and ɛ alleles of the APOE gene. This case-control study included 348 dementia patients and 519 cognitively normal volunteers. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein levels were assessed in 57 dementia patients. PRS and APOE-ɛ4 were significant genetic risk factors for dementia. Adjusted for APOE-ɛ4, individuals with PRS corresponding to the fourth quartile had an increased risk of dementia compared to the first quartile (OR 1.85; p-value 0.002). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.559 for the PRS model only, and the inclusion of APOE-ɛ4 improved the AUC to 0.604. PRS was positively correlated with tTau and pTau181 and inversely correlated with Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. Carriers of APOE-ɛ4 had higher levels of tTau and pTau181 and lower levels of Aβ42 and Aβ42/Aβ40. The developed assay can be part of a strategy for assessing individuals for AD risk, with the purpose of assisting primary preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ikonnikova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.F.); (M.E.); (M.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Anna Morozova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Antonova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.F.); (M.E.); (M.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Alexandra Ochneva
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Elena Fedoseeva
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.F.); (M.E.); (M.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Olga Abramova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Emelyanova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.F.); (M.E.); (M.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Marina Filippova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.F.); (M.E.); (M.F.); (D.G.)
| | - Irina Morozova
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Yana Zorkina
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Syunyakov
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry (ICERN), Samara State Medical University, 443016 Samara, Russia
| | - Alisa Andryushchenko
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Denis Andreuyk
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
- Economy Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Kostyuk
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.); (A.O.); (O.A.); (I.M.); (Y.Z.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State University of Food Production”, Volokolamskoye Highway 11, 125080 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Gryadunov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.A.); (E.F.); (M.E.); (M.F.); (D.G.)
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9
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Pettigrew C, Nazarovs J, Soldan A, Singh V, Wang J, Hohman T, Dumitrescu L, Libby J, Kunkle B, Gross AL, Johnson S, Lu Q, Engelman C, Masters CL, Maruff P, Laws SM, Morris JC, Hassenstab J, Cruchaga C, Resnick SM, Kitner-Triolo MH, An Y, Albert M. Alzheimer's disease genetic risk and cognitive reserve in relationship to long-term cognitive trajectories among cognitively normal individuals. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:66. [PMID: 36978190 PMCID: PMC10045505 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic risk factors and indices of cognitive reserve (CR) influence risk of cognitive decline, but it remains unclear whether they interact. This study examined whether a CR index score modifies the relationship between AD genetic risk factors and long-term cognitive trajectories in a large sample of individuals with normal cognition. METHODS Analyses used data from the Preclinical AD Consortium, including harmonized data from 5 longitudinal cohort studies. Participants were cognitively normal at baseline (M baseline age = 64 years, 59% female) and underwent 10 years of follow-up, on average. AD genetic risk was measured by (i) apolipoprotein-E (APOE) genetic status (APOE-ε2 and APOE-ε4 vs. APOE-ε3; N = 1819) and (ii) AD polygenic risk scores (AD-PRS; N = 1175). A CR index was calculated by combining years of education and literacy scores. Longitudinal cognitive performance was measured by harmonized factor scores for global cognition, episodic memory, and executive function. RESULTS In mixed-effects models, higher CR index scores were associated with better baseline cognitive performance for all cognitive outcomes. APOE-ε4 genotype and AD-PRS that included the APOE region (AD-PRSAPOE) were associated with declines in all cognitive domains, whereas AD-PRS that excluded the APOE region (AD-PRSw/oAPOE) was associated with declines in executive function and global cognition, but not memory. There were significant 3-way CR index score × APOE-ε4 × time interactions for the global (p = 0.04, effect size = 0.16) and memory scores (p = 0.01, effect size = 0.22), indicating the negative effect of APOE-ε4 genotype on global and episodic memory score change was attenuated among individuals with higher CR index scores. In contrast, levels of CR did not attenuate APOE-ε4-related declines in executive function or declines associated with higher AD-PRS. APOE-ε2 genotype was unrelated to cognition. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that APOE-ε4 and non-APOE-ε4 AD polygenic risk are independently associated with global cognitive and executive function declines among individuals with normal cognition at baseline, but only APOE-ε4 is associated with declines in episodic memory. Importantly, higher levels of CR may mitigate APOE-ε4-related declines in some cognitive domains. Future research is needed to address study limitations, including generalizability due to cohort demographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Pettigrew
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1600 McElderry St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Jurijs Nazarovs
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Anja Soldan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1600 McElderry St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Vikas Singh
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Jiangxia Wang
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Timothy Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Julia Libby
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1207 17th Ave South, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Brian Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alden L Gross
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sterling Johnson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Corinne Engelman
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- The Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Centre for Precision Health and Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, 270 Jundaloop Drive, Jundaloop, WA, 6027, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - John C Morris
- Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Melissa H Kitner-Triolo
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yang An
- National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1600 McElderry St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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10
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Lu P, Kezios K, Lee J, Calonico S, Wimer C, Zeki Al Hazzouri A. Association Between Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Use and Memory Decline: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study. Neurology 2023; 100:e595-e602. [PMID: 36351816 PMCID: PMC9946186 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Studies on the effect of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) on the cognitive health of older adults are scarce. We sought to examine the associations between SNAP use and memory decline among SNAP-eligible US older adults. METHODS Participants aged 50+ years and SNAP-eligible in 1996 from the Health and Retirement Study were included. Participants' SNAP eligibility was constructed using federal criteria. Participants also self-reported whether they used SNAP. Memory function was assessed biennially from 1996 through 2016 using a composite score. To account for preexisting differences in characteristics between SNAP users and nonusers, we modeled the probability of SNAP use using demographic and health covariates. Using linear mixed-effects models, we then modeled trajectories of memory function for SNAP users and nonusers using inverse probability (IP) weighting and propensity score (PS) matching techniques. In all models, we accounted for study attrition. RESULTS Of the 3,555 SNAP-eligible participants, a total of 15.7% were SNAP users. At baseline, SNAP users had lower socioeconomic status and a greater number of chronic conditions than nonusers and were more likely to be lost to follow-up. Our multivariable IP-weighted models suggested that SNAP users had worse memory scores at baseline but slower rates of memory decline compared with nonusers (the annual decline rate is -0.038 standardized units [95% CI = -0.044 to -0.032] for users and -0.046 [95% CI = -0.049 to -0.043] for nonusers). Results were slightly stronger from the PS-matched sample (N = 1,014) (the annual decline rate was -0.046 units [95% CI = -0.050 to -0.042] for users and -0.060 units [95% CI = -0.064 to -0.056] for nonusers). Put in other words, our findings suggested that SNAP users had approximately 2 fewer years of cognitive aging over a 10-year period compared with nonusers. DISCUSSION After accounting for preexisting differences between eligible SNAP users and nonusers as well as differential attrition, we find SNAP use to be associated with slower memory function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Lu
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (P.L., K.K., A.Z.A.H.) and Health Policy and Management (S.C.), Mailman School of Public Health, School of Social Work (J.L., C.W.), and Center on Poverty and Social Policy (J.L., C.W.), Columbia University, New York, NY.
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11
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Alzheimer's Disease Polygenic Scores Predict Changes in Episodic Memory and Executive Function Across 12 Years in Late Middle Age. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:136-147. [PMID: 35184795 PMCID: PMC9392810 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617722000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is highly heritable, and AD polygenic risk scores (AD-PRSs) have been derived from genome-wide association studies. However, the nature of genetic influences very early in the disease process is still not well known. Here we tested the hypothesis that an AD-PRSs would be associated with changes in episodic memory and executive function across late midlife in men who were cognitively unimpaired at their baseline midlife assessment.. METHOD We examined 1168 men in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) who were cognitively normal (CN) at their first of up to three assessments across 12 years (mean ages 56, 62, and 68). Latent growth models of episodic memory and executive function were based on 6-7 tests/subtests. AD-PRSs were based on Kunkle et al. (Nature Genetics, 51, 414-430, 2019), p < 5×10-8 threshold. RESULTS AD-PRSs were correlated with linear slopes of change for both cognitive abilities. Men with higher AD-PRSs had steeper declines in both memory (r = -.19, 95% CI [-.35, -.03]) and executive functioning (r = -.27, 95% CI [-.49, -.05]). Associations appeared driven by a combination of APOE and non-APOE genetic influences. CONCLUSIONS Memory is most characteristically impaired in AD, but executive functions are one of the first cognitive abilities to decline in midlife in normal aging. This study is among the first to demonstrate that this early decline also relates to AD genetic influences, even in men CN at baseline.
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12
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Tomassen J, den Braber A, van der Lee SJ, Reus LM, Konijnenberg E, Carter SF, Yaqub M, van Berckel BN, Collij LE, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJ, Scheltens P, Herholz K, Tijms BM, Visser PJ. Amyloid-β and APOE genotype predict memory decline in cognitively unimpaired older individuals independently of Alzheimer's disease polygenic risk score. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:484. [PMID: 36522743 PMCID: PMC9753236 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02925-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND What combination of risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are most predictive of cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired individuals remains largely unclear. We studied associations between APOE genotype, AD-Polygenic Risk Scores (AD-PRS), amyloid-β pathology and decline in cognitive functioning over time in a large sample of cognitively unimpaired older individuals. METHODS We included 276 cognitively unimpaired older individuals (75 ± 10 years, 63% female) from the EMIF-AD PreclinAD cohort. An AD-PRS was calculated including 83 genome-wide significant variants. The APOE gene was not included in the PRS and was analyzed separately. Baseline amyloid-β status was assessed by visual read of [18F]flutemetamol-PET standardized uptake value images. At baseline and follow-up (2.0 ± 0.4 years), the cognitive domains of memory, attention, executive function, and language were measured. We used generalized estimating equations corrected for age, sex and center to examine associations between APOE genotype and AD-PRS with amyloid-β status. Linear mixed models corrected for age, sex, center and education were used to examine associations between APOE genotype, AD-PRS and amyloid-β status, and their interaction on changes in cognitive functioning over time. RESULTS Fifty-two participants (19%) had abnormal amyloid-β, and 84 participants (31%) carried at least one APOE ε4 allele. APOE genotype and AD-PRS were both associated with abnormal amyloid-β status. Increasingly more risk-full APOE genotype, a high AD-PRS and an abnormal amyloid-β status were associated with steeper decline in memory functioning in separate models (all p ≤ 0.02). A model including 4-way interaction term (APOE×AD-PRS×amyloid-β×time) was not significant. When modelled together, both APOE genotype and AD-PRS predicted steeper decline in memory functioning (APOE β(SE)=-0.05(0.02); AD-PRS β(SE)=-0.04(0.01)). Additionally, when modelled together, both amyloid-β status and AD-PRS predicted a steeper decline in memory functioning (amyloid-β β(SE)=-0.07(0.04); AD-PRS β(SE)=-0.04(0.01)). Modelling both APOE genotype and amyloid-β status, we observed an interaction, in which APOE genotype was related to steeper decline in memory and language functioning in amyloid-β abnormal individuals only (β(SE)=-0.13(0.06); β(SE)=-0.22(0.07), respectively). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that APOE genotype is related to steeper decline in memory and language functioning in individuals with abnormal amyloid-β only. Furthermore, independent of amyloid-β status other genetic risk variants contribute to memory decline in initially cognitively unimpaired older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jori Tomassen
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XAlzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, 1007 MB Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk den Braber
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven J. van der Lee
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Human Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne M. Reus
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elles Konijnenberg
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen F. Carter
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart N.M. van Berckel
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lyduine E. Collij
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J.C. de Geus
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Herholz
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Betty M. Tijms
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Jung SH, Kim HR, Chun MY, Jang H, Cho M, Kim B, Kim S, Jeong JH, Yoon SJ, Park KW, Kim EJ, Yoon B, Jang JW, Kim Y, Hong JY, Choi SH, Noh Y, Kim KW, Kim SE, Lee JS, Jung NY, Lee J, Lee AY, Kim BC, Cho SH, Cho H, Kim JH, Jung YH, Lee DY, Lee JH, Lee ES, Kim SJ, Moon SY, Son SJ, Hong CH, Bae JS, Lee S, Na DL, Seo SW, Cruchaga C, Kim HJ, Won HH. Transferability of Alzheimer Disease Polygenic Risk Score Across Populations and Its Association With Alzheimer Disease-Related Phenotypes. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2247162. [PMID: 36520433 PMCID: PMC9856322 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.47162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Polygenic risk scores (PRSs), which aggregate the genetic effects of single-nucleotide variants identified in genome-wide association studies (GWASs), can help distinguish individuals at a high genetic risk for Alzheimer disease (AD). However, genetic studies have predominantly focused on populations of European ancestry. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the transferability of a PRS for AD in the Korean population using summary statistics from a prior GWAS of European populations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study developed a PRS based on the summary statistics of a large-scale GWAS of a European population (the International Genomics of Alzheimer Project; 21 982 AD cases and 41 944 controls). This PRS was tested for an association with AD dementia and its related phenotypes in 1634 Korean individuals, who were recruited from 2013 to 2019. The association of a PRS based on a GWAS of a Japanese population (the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology; 3962 AD cases and 4074 controls) and a transancestry meta-analysis of European and Japanese GWASs was also evaluated. Data were analyzed from December 2020 to June 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Risk of AD dementia, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), earlier symptom onset, and amyloid β deposition (Aβ). RESULTS A total of 1634 Korean patients (969 women [59.3%]), including 716 individuals (43.6%) with AD dementia, 222 (13.6%) with aMCI, and 699 (42.8%) cognitively unimpaired controls, were analyzed in this study. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 71.6 (9.0) years. Higher PRS was associated with a higher risk of AD dementia independent of APOE ɛ4 status in the Korean population (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.40-2.72; P < .001). Furthermore, PRS was associated with aMCI, earlier symptom onset, and Aβ deposition independent of APOE ɛ4 status. The PRS based on a transancestry meta-analysis of data sets comprising 2 distinct ancestries showed a slightly improved accuracy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, a PRS derived from a European GWAS identified individuals at a high risk for AD dementia in the Korean population. These findings emphasize the transancestry transferability and clinical value of PRSs and suggest the importance of enriching diversity in genetic studies of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Rai Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Chun
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer’s Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer’s Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Cho
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomsu Kim
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Jang
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeshin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Hong
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Noh
- Department of Neurology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ko Woon Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin San Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Jung
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong C. Kim
- Departmet of Neurology, Chonnam National University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Cho
- Departmet of Neurology, Chonnam National University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Cho
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Neurology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Jung
- Department of Neurology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eek-Sung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Moon
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyung Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sik Bae
- Eone-Diagnomics Genome Center (EDGC), Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Lee
- Eone-Diagnomics Genome Center (EDGC), Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk L. Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer’s Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer’s Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer’s Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Beydoun MA, Weiss J, Banerjee S, Beydoun HA, Noren Hooten N, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Race, polygenic risk and their association with incident dementia among older US adults. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac317. [PMID: 36569604 PMCID: PMC9772879 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia incidence increases steadily with age at rates that may vary across racial groups. This racial disparity may be attributable to polygenic risk, as well as lifestyle and behavioural factors. We examined whether Alzheimer's disease polygenic score and race predict Alzheimer's disease and other related dementia incidence differentially by sex and mediation through polygenic scores for other health and behavioural conditions. We used longitudinal data from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study. We restricted participants to those with complete data on 31 polygenic scores, including Alzheimer's disease polygenic score (2006-2012). Among participants aged 55 years and older in 2008, we excluded those with any memory problems between 2006 and 2008 and included those with complete follow-up on incident Alzheimer's disease and all-cause dementia, between 2010 and 2018 (N = 9683), based on self- or proxy-diagnosis every 2 years (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018). Cox proportional hazards and 4-way decomposition models were conducted. Analyses were also stratified by sex and by race. There were racial differences in all-cause dementia incidence (age and sex-adjusted model, per standard deviation: hazard ratio, HR = 1.34, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.09-1.65, P = 0.007), partially driven by educational attainment and income. We also found independent associations of race (age and sex-adjusted model, African American versus White adults: HR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.52-2.83, P < 0.001) and Alzheimer's disease polygenic score (age and sex-adjusted model, per SD: HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.00-1.87, P < 0.001) with Alzheimer's disease incidence, including sex differences whereby women had a stronger effect of Alzheimer's disease polygenic score on Alzheimer's disease incidence compared with men (P < 0.05 for sex by Alzheimer's disease polygenic score interaction) adjusting for race and other covariates. The total impact of Alzheimer's disease polygenic scores on Alzheimer's disease incidence was mostly direct, while the effect of race on all-cause dementia incidence was mediated through socio-economic, lifestyle and health-related factors. Finally, among the 30 polygenic scores we examined, the total effects on the pathway Alzheimer's disease polygenic score --> Other polygenic score --> Incident Alzheimer's or all-cause dementia, were statistically significant for all, driven primarily by the controlled direct effect (P< 0. 001). In conclusion, both race and Alzheimer's disease polygenic scores were associated independently with Alzheimer's disease and all-cause dementia incidence. Alzheimer's disease polygenic score was more strongly linked to incident Alzheimer's disease among women, while racial difference in all-cause dementia was explained by other factors including socio-economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Correspondence to: May A. Beydoun, PhD NIH Biomedical Research Center National Institute on Aging, IRP 251 Bayview Blvd. Suite 100, Room #: 04B118, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA E-mail:
| | | | - Sri Banerjee
- College of Health Professions, School of Health Sciences, Walden University, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060, USA
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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15
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Manzali SB, Yu E, Ravona-Springer R, Livny A, Golan S, Ouyang Y, Lesman-Segev O, Liu L, Ganmore I, Alkelai A, Gan-Or Z, Lin HM, Heymann A, Schnaider Beeri M, Greenbaum L. Alzheimer’s Disease Polygenic Risk Score Is Not Associated With Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:853695. [PMID: 36110429 PMCID: PMC9468264 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.853695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesMultiple risk loci for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) have been identified. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for cognitive decline, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated the association of polygenic risk score (PRS) for LOAD with overall cognitive functioning and longitudinal decline, among older adults with T2D.MethodsThe study included 1046 Jewish participants from the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline (IDCD) study, aged ≥ 65 years, diagnosed with T2D, and cognitively normal at baseline. The PRS included variants from 26 LOAD associated loci (at genome-wide significance level), and was calculated with and without APOE. Outcome measures, assessed in 18 months intervals, were global cognition and the specific domains of episodic memory, attention/working memory, executive functions, and language/semantic categorization. Random coefficient models were used for analysis, adjusting for demographic variables, T2D-related characteristics, and cardiovascular factors. Additionally, in a subsample of 202 individuals, we analyzed the association of PRS with the volumes of total gray matter, frontal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala, and white matter hyperintensities. Last, the association of PRS with amyloid beta (Aβ) burden was examined in 44 participants who underwent an 18F-flutemetamol PET scan.ResultsThe PRS was not significantly associated with overall functioning or decline in global cognition or any of the specific cognitive domains. Similarly, following correction for multiple testing, there was no association with Aβ burden and other brain imaging phenotypes.ConclusionOur results suggest that the cumulative effect of LOAD susceptibility loci is not associated with a greater rate of cognitive decline in older adults with T2D, and other pathways may underlie this link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigalit B. Manzali
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eric Yu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ramit Ravona-Springer
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abigail Livny
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sapir Golan
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuxia Ouyang
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Orit Lesman-Segev
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Lang Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ithamar Ganmore
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Memory Clinic, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Alkelai
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hung-Mo Lin
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anthony Heymann
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lior Greenbaum
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- *Correspondence: Lior Greenbaum,
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16
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Kenyon M, Maguire S, Rueda Pujol A, O'Shea F, McManus R. The genetic backbone of ankylosing spondylitis: how knowledge of genetic susceptibility informs our understanding and management of disease. Rheumatol Int 2022; 42:2085-2095. [PMID: 35939079 PMCID: PMC9548471 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a seronegative, chronic inflammatory arthritis with high genetic burden. A strong association with HLA-B27 has long been established, but to date its contribution to disease aetiology remains unresolved. Recent insights through genome wide studies reveal an increasing array of immunogenetic risk variants extraneous to the HLA complex in AS cohorts. These genetic traits build a complex profile of disease causality, highlighting several molecular pathways associated with the condition. This and other evidence strongly implicates T-cell-driven pathology, revolving around the T helper 17 cell subset as an important contributor to disease. This prominence of the T helper 17 cell subset has presented the opportunity for therapeutic intervention through inhibition of interleukins 17 and 23 which drive T helper 17 activity. While targeting of interleukin 17 has proven effective, this success has not been replicated with interleukin 23 inhibition in AS patients. Evidence points to significant genetic diversity between AS patients which may, in part, explain the observed refractoriness among a proportion of patients. In this review we discuss the impact of genetics on our understanding of AS and its relationship with closely linked pathologies. We further explore how genetics can be used in the development of therapeutics and as a tool to assist in the diagnosis and management of patients. This evidence indicates that genetic profiling should play a role in the clinician’s choice of therapy as part of a precision medicine strategy towards disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Kenyon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sinead Maguire
- Department of Rheumatology, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna Rueda Pujol
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Finbar O'Shea
- Department of Rheumatology, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross McManus
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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17
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Li Q, Lv X, Jin F, Liao K, Gao L, Xu J. Associations of Polygenic Risk Score for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease With Biomarkers. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:849443. [PMID: 35493930 PMCID: PMC9047857 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.849443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a common irreversible neurodegenerative disease with heterogeneous genetic characteristics. Identifying the biological biomarkers with the potential to predict the conversion from normal controls to LOAD is clinically important for early interventions of LOAD and clinical treatment. The polygenic risk score for LOAD (AD-PRS) has been reported the potential possibility for reliably identifying individuals with risk of developing LOAD recently. To investigate the external phenotype changes resulting from LOAD and the underlying etiology, we summarize the comprehensive associations of AD-PRS with multiple biomarkers, including neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma biomarkers, cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive behavior, and mental health. This systematic review helps improve the understanding of the biomarkers with potential predictive value for LOAD and further optimizing the prediction and accurate treatment of LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojun Li
- School of Information Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Qiaojun Li
| | - Xingping Lv
- School of Sciences, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Liao
- School of Sciences, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyuan Gao
- School of Sciences, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayuan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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18
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Clark K, Leung YY, Lee WP, Voight B, Wang LS. Polygenic Risk Scores in Alzheimer's Disease Genetics: Methodology, Applications, Inclusion, and Diversity. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:1-12. [PMID: 35848019 PMCID: PMC9484091 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The success of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) completed in the last 15 years has reinforced a key fact: polygenic architecture makes a substantial contribution to variation of susceptibility to complex disease, including Alzheimer's disease. One straight-forward way to capture this architecture and predict which individuals in a population are most at risk is to calculate a polygenic risk score (PRS). This score aggregates the risk conferred across multiple genetic variants, ultimately representing an individual's predicted genetic susceptibility for a disease. PRS have received increasing attention after having been successfully used in complex traits. This has brought with it renewed attention on new methods which improve the accuracy of risk prediction. While these applications are initially informative, their utility is far from equitable: the majority of PRS models use samples heavily if not entirely of individuals of European descent. This basic approach opens concerns of health equity if applied inaccurately to other population groups, or health disparity if we fail to use them at all. In this review we will examine the methods of calculating PRS and some of their previous uses in disease prediction. We also advocate for, with supporting scientific evidence, inclusion of data from diverse populations in these existing and future studies of population risk via PRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylyn Clark
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuk Yee Leung
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wan-Ping Lee
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin Voight
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School or Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Rubin L, Ingram LA, Resciniti NV, Ashford-Carroll B, Leith KH, Rose A, Ureña S, McCollum Q, Friedman DB. Genetic Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease in Racial/Ethnic Minority Populations in the U.S.: A Scoping Review. Front Public Health 2021; 9:784958. [PMID: 35004586 PMCID: PMC8739784 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.784958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: As the United States (U.S.) population rapidly ages, the incidence of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRDs) is rising, with racial/ethnic minorities affected at disproportionate rates. Much research has been undertaken to test, sequence, and analyze genetic risk factors for ADRDs in Caucasian populations, but comparatively little has been done with racial/ethnic minority populations. We conducted a scoping review to examine the nature and extent of the research that has been published about the genetic factors of ADRDs among racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S. Design: Using an established scoping review methodological framework, we searched electronic databases for articles describing peer-reviewed empirical studies or Genome-Wide Association Studies that had been published 2005-2018 and focused on ADRD-related genes or genetic factors among underrepresented racial/ethnic minority population in the U.S. Results: Sixty-six articles met the inclusion criteria for full text review. Well-established ADRD genetic risk factors for Caucasian populations including APOE, APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 have not been studied to the same degree in minority U.S. populations. Compared to the amount of research that has been conducted with Caucasian populations in the U.S., racial/ethnic minority communities are underrepresented. Conclusion: Given the projected growth of the aging population and incidence of ADRDs, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities, increased focus on this important segment of the population is warranted. Our review can aid researchers in developing fundamental research questions to determine the role that ADRD risk genes play in the heavier burden of ADRDs in racial/ethnic minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Rubin
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Lucy A. Ingram
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Nicholas V. Resciniti
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Brianna Ashford-Carroll
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Katherine Henrietta Leith
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Aubrey Rose
- School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Stephanie Ureña
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Quentin McCollum
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Daniela B. Friedman
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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20
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Jin X, Shu C, Zeng Y, Liang L, Ji JS. Interaction of greenness and polygenic risk score of Alzheimer's disease on risk of cognitive impairment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:148767. [PMID: 34273838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown contact with nature has positive psychological, neurological, and cognitive benefits. Whether the built environment can affect genetic predisposition of Alzheimer's disease (AD) should be explored. We aimed to examine whether greenness around the residential environment can modify the effect of genetic AD risk on cognitive function. We used a genetic sub-study of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey including 1199 older adults (mean age: 100.3 ± 3.4 years) aged 90 years old or older. We used Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) to quantify the genetic AD risk and two types of measurements based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to access the residential greenness (contemporaneous and annual average NDVI). Contemporaneous NDVI values were the NDVI value collected at the corresponding survey, and the annual average NDVI was the average value of NDVI during the year before the corresponding survey. We defined cognitive impairment as having a Mini-Mental State Examination score below 25. In the multivariable logistics regression models, contemporaneous NDVI and genetic AD risk were associated with cognitive impairment. Among those with low genetic AD risk, the risk of cognitive impairment was lower in those living around higher greenness (contemporaneous NDVI OR: 0.55, 95% CI: [0.34, 0.86]; Pinteraction: 0.071; annual average NDVI OR: 0.49, 95% CI: [0.31, 0.79]; Pinteraction: 0.040). We did not observe significant associations between greenness and cognitive impairment among those with high genetic AD risk. Prevention efforts using PRS warrant a higher granularity of environmental exposures and biological etiology data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xurui Jin
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China; Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA.
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke Medical School, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - John S Ji
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China; Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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21
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Dickson SP, Hendrix SB, Brown BL, Ridge PG, Nicodemus-Johnson J, Hardy ML, McKeany AM, Booth SB, Fortna RR, Kauwe JSK. GenoRisk: A polygenic risk score for Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12211. [PMID: 34621978 PMCID: PMC8485054 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent clinical trials are considering inclusion of more than just apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype as a way of reducing variability in analysis of outcomes. METHODS Case-control data were used to compare the capacity of age, sex, and 58 Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to predict AD status using several statistical models. Model performance was assessed with Brier scores and tenfold cross-validation. Genotype and sex × age estimates from the best performing model were combined with age and intercept estimates from the general population to develop a personalized genetic risk score, termed age, and sex-adjusted GenoRisk. RESULTS The elastic net model that included age, age x sex interaction, allelic APOE terms, and 29 additional SNPs performed the best. This model explained an additional 19% of the heritable risk compared to APOE genotype alone and achieved an area under the curve of 0.747. DISCUSSION GenoRisk could improve the risk assessment of individuals identified for prevention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruce L Brown
- Department of Psychology Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
| | - Perry G Ridge
- Department of Biology Brigham Young University-Hawaii Laie Hawaii USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Psychology Brigham Young University Provo Utah USA
- Department of Biology Brigham Young University-Hawaii Laie Hawaii USA
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22
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Riaz M, Huq A, Ryan J, Orchard SG, Tiller J, Lockery J, Woods RL, Wolfe R, Renton AE, Goate AM, Sebra R, Schadt E, Brodtmann A, Shah RC, Storey E, Murray AM, McNeil JJ, Lacaze P. Effect of APOE and a polygenic risk score on incident dementia and cognitive decline in a healthy older population. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13384. [PMID: 34041846 PMCID: PMC8208779 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have measured the effect of genetic factors on dementia and cognitive decline in healthy older individuals followed prospectively. We studied cumulative incidence of dementia and cognitive decline, stratified by APOE genotypes and polygenic risk score (PRS) tertiles, in 12,978 participants of the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial. At enrolment, participants had no history of diagnosed dementia, cardiovascular disease, physical disability or cognitive impairment. Dementia (adjudicated trial endpoint) and cognitive decline, defined as a >1.5 standard deviation decline in test score for either global cognition, episodic memory, language/executive function or psychomotor speed, versus baseline scores. Cumulative incidence for all‐cause dementia and cognitive decline was calculated with mortality as a competing event, stratified by APOE genotypes and tertiles of a PRS based on 23 common non‐APOE variants. During a median 4.5 years of follow‐up, 324 participants developed dementia, 503 died. Cumulative incidence of dementia to age 85 years was 7.4% in all participants, 12.6% in APOE ε3/ε4 and 26.6% in ε4/ε4. APOE ε4 heterozygosity/homozygosity was associated with a 2.5/6.3‐fold increased dementia risk and 1.4/1.8‐fold cognitive decline risk, versus ε3/ε3 (p < 0.001 for both). High PRS tertile was associated with a 1.4‐fold dementia risk versus low (CI 1.04–1.76, p = 0.02), but was not associated with cognitive decline (CI 0.96–1.22, p = 0.18). Incidence of dementia among healthy older individuals is low across all genotypes; however, APOE ε4 and high PRS increase relative risk. APOE ε4 is associated with cognitive decline, but PRS is not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeen Riaz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Aamira Huq
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Vic Australia
- Department of Genomic Medicine Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic Australia
- Department of Medicine Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Suzanne G Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Jane Tiller
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Jessica Lockery
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Robyn L. Woods
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Alan E. Renton
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Ronald Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Departments of Neurology and Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Alison M. Goate
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Ronald Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Departments of Neurology and Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Eric Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Melbourne Vic Australia
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Raj C. Shah
- Department of Family Medicine and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Elsdon Storey
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Anne M Murray
- Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical Research Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - John J. McNeil
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Vic Australia
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23
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Whitlock EL, Diaz-Ramirez LG, Smith AK, Boscardin WJ, Covinsky KE, Avidan MS, Glymour MM. Association of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting vs Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Memory Decline in Older Adults Undergoing Coronary Revascularization. JAMA 2021; 325:1955-1964. [PMID: 34003225 PMCID: PMC8132142 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.5150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE It is uncertain whether coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with cognitive decline in older adults compared with a nonsurgical method of coronary revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]). OBJECTIVE To compare the change in the rate of memory decline after CABG vs PCI. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective cohort study of community-dwelling participants in the Health and Retirement Study, who underwent CABG or PCI between 1998 and 2015 at age 65 years or older. Data were modeled for up to 5 years preceding and 10 years following revascularization or until death, drop out, or the 2016-2017 interview wave. The date of final follow-up was November 2017. EXPOSURES CABG (including on and off pump) or PCI, ascertained from Medicare fee-for-service billing records. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was a summary measure of cognitive test scores and proxy cognition reports that were performed biennially in the Health and Retirement Study, referred to as memory score, normalized as a z score (ie, mean of 0, SD of 1 in a reference population of adults aged ≥72 years). Memory score was analyzed using multivariable linear mixed-effects models, with a prespecified subgroup analysis of on-pump and off-pump CABG. The minimum clinically important difference was a change of 1 SD of the population-level rate of memory decline (0.048 memory units/y). RESULTS Of 1680 participants (mean age at procedure, 75 years; 41% female), 665 underwent CABG (168 off pump) and 1015 underwent PCI. In the PCI group, the mean rate of memory decline was 0.064 memory units/y (95% CI, 0.052 to 0.078) before the procedure and 0.060 memory units/y (95% CI, 0.048 to 0.071) after the procedure (within-group change, 0.004 memory units/y [95% CI, -0.010 to 0.018]). In the CABG group, the mean rate of memory decline was 0.049 memory units/y (95% CI, 0.033 to 0.065) before the procedure and 0.059 memory units/y (95% CI, 0.047 to 0.072) after the procedure (within-group change, -0.011 memory units/y [95% CI, -0.029 to 0.008]). The between-group difference-in-differences estimate for memory decline for PCI vs CABG was 0.015 memory units/y (95% CI, -0.008 to 0.038; P = .21). There was statistically significant increase in the rate of memory decline after off-pump CABG compared with after PCI (difference-in-differences: mean increase in the rate of decline of 0.046 memory units/y [95% CI, 0.008 to 0.084] after off-pump CABG), but not after on-pump CABG compared with PCI (difference-in-differences: mean slowing of decline of 0.003 memory units/y [95% CI, -0.024 to 0.031] after on-pump CABG). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among older adults undergoing coronary revascularization with CABG or PCI, the type of revascularization procedure was not significantly associated with differences in the change of rate of memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Whitlock
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Alexander K. Smith
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
- Geriatrics, Palliative, and Extended Care Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - W. John Boscardin
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kenneth E. Covinsky
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Michael S. Avidan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - M. Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
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24
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Muto V, Koshmanova E, Ghaemmaghami P, Jaspar M, Meyer C, Elansary M, Van Egroo M, Chylinski D, Berthomier C, Brandewinder M, Mouraux C, Schmidt C, Hammad G, Coppieters W, Ahariz N, Degueldre C, Luxen A, Salmon E, Phillips C, Archer SN, Yengo L, Byrne E, Collette F, Georges M, Dijk DJ, Maquet P, Visscher PM, Vandewalle G. Alzheimer's disease genetic risk and sleep phenotypes in healthy young men: association with more slow waves and daytime sleepiness. Sleep 2021; 44:5872145. [PMID: 32671396 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep disturbances and genetic variants have been identified as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our goal was to assess whether genome-wide polygenic risk scores (PRS) for AD associate with sleep phenotypes in young adults, decades before typical AD symptom onset. METHODS We computed whole-genome PRS for AD and extensively phenotyped sleep under different sleep conditions, including baseline sleep, recovery sleep following sleep deprivation, and extended sleep opportunity, in a carefully selected homogenous sample of 363 healthy young men (22.1 years ± 2.7) devoid of sleep and cognitive disorders. RESULTS AD PRS was associated with more slow-wave energy, that is, the cumulated power in the 0.5-4 Hz EEG band, a marker of sleep need, during habitual sleep and following sleep loss, and potentially with larger slow-wave sleep rebound following sleep deprivation. Furthermore, higher AD PRS was correlated with higher habitual daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS These results imply that sleep features may be associated with AD liability in young adults, when current AD biomarkers are typically negative, and support the notion that quantifying sleep alterations may be useful in assessing the risk for developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Muto
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium
| | - Ekaterina Koshmanova
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pouya Ghaemmaghami
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Jaspar
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium.,Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christelle Meyer
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium
| | | | - Maxime Van Egroo
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daphne Chylinski
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | - Charlotte Mouraux
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christina Schmidt
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Grégory Hammad
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Naima Ahariz
- GIGA-Medical Genomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Degueldre
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Salmon
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Phillips
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,GIGA-In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Simon N Archer
- Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Loic Yengo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Enda Byrne
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fabienne Collette
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Georges
- GIGA-Medical Genomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Pierre Maquet
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gilles Vandewalle
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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25
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Shin SH, Park S, Wright C, D'astous VA, Kim G. The Role of Polygenic Score and Cognitive Activity in Cognitive Functioning Among Older Adults. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 61:319-329. [PMID: 32564085 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study explored whether the intensity of cognitive activities could moderate the relationship between a genetic predisposition for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive functioning among older adults in the United States. Furthermore, we examined whether the same moderating effects were dependent on different measures of cognition. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used a data set from the 2000-2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study and the Consumption and Activities Mail Survey. Our sample included 3,793 individuals aged 50 or older. We used the polygenic score (PGS) for AD as a genetic trait for cognitive functioning. Reading, listening to music, using a computer, playing cards/games/solving puzzles, singing/playing musical instruments, and creating art and crafts were included as cognitive activities, and TV viewing as passive activities. We used total cognition, fluid intelligence, and crystallized intelligence as proxies for cognitive functioning. Growth-curve models were conducted. RESULTS After controlling for covariates, we found that reading books, using a computer, and playing cards/games/solving puzzles had a positive effect on cognitive functioning. An additional hour spent reading books moderated the negative effect of AD PGS on cognition. The measure of fluid, when compared with crystallized intelligence, appeared to drive these results. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Reading could be a protective factor against cognitive decline among older adults who are genetically predisposed to developing AD. Implications for individuals, caregivers, clinicians, and policymakers are suggested. Furthermore, the onset of AD in those at greater genetic risk may be delayed with this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Shin
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Soohyun Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa
| | - Cheryl Wright
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | | | - Giyeon Kim
- Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Creese B, Arathimos R, Brooker H, Aarsland D, Corbett A, Lewis C, Ballard C, Ismail Z. Genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease, cognition, and mild behavioral impairment in healthy older adults. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12164. [PMID: 33748395 PMCID: PMC7968121 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuropsychiatric syndrome mild behavioral impairment (MBI) describes an at-risk state for dementia and may be a useful screening tool for sample enrichment. We hypothesized that stratifying a cognitively normal sample on MBI status would enhance the association between genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognition. METHODS Data from 4458 participants over age 50 without dementia was analyzed. A cognitive composite score was constructed and the MBI Checklist was used to stratify those with MBI and those without. Polygenic scores for AD were generated using summary statistics from the IGAP study. RESULTS AD genetic risk was associated with worse cognition in the MBI group but not in the no MBI group (MBI: β = -0.09, 95% confidence interval: -0.13 to -0.03, P = 0.002, R2 = 0.003). The strongest association was in those with more severe MBI aged ≥65. CONCLUSIONS MBI is an important feature of aging; screening on MBI may be a useful sample enrichment strategy for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Creese
- Medical SchoolCollege of Medicine and HealthUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Ryan Arathimos
- King's College LondonSocial Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceLondonUK
| | - Helen Brooker
- Medical SchoolCollege of Medicine and HealthUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Age‐Related MedicineStavanger University HospitalStavangerNorway
| | - Anne Corbett
- Medical SchoolCollege of Medicine and HealthUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Cathryn Lewis
- King's College LondonSocial Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceLondonUK
| | - Clive Ballard
- Medical SchoolCollege of Medicine and HealthUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Medical SchoolCollege of Medicine and HealthUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
- Departments of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, and Community Health SciencesHotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute for PublicHealthUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
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27
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Bakulski KM, Vadari HS, Faul JD, Heeringa SG, Kardia SLR, Langa KM, Smith JA, Manly JJ, Mitchell CM, Benke KS, Ware EB. Cumulative Genetic Risk and APOE ε4 Are Independently Associated With Dementia Status in a Multiethnic, Population-Based Cohort. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e576. [PMID: 33688582 PMCID: PMC7938646 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common and costly neurodegenerative disorder. A large proportion of AD risk is heritable, and many genetic risk factors have been identified. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that cumulative genetic risk of known AD markers contributed to odds of dementia in a population-based sample. Methods In the US population-based Health and Retirement Study (waves 1995–2014), we evaluated the role of cumulative genetic risk of AD, with and without the APOE ε4 alleles, on dementia status (dementia, cognitive impairment without dementia, borderline cognitive impairment without dementia, and cognitively normal). We used logistic regression, accounting for demographic covariates and genetic principal components, and analyses were stratified by European and African genetic ancestry. Results In the European ancestry sample (n = 8,399), both AD polygenic score excluding the APOE genetic region (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.20) and the presence of any APOE ε4 alleles (OR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.99–2.95) were associated with the odds of dementia relative to normal cognition in a mutually adjusted model. In the African ancestry sample (n = 1,605), the presence of any APOE ε4 alleles was associated with 1.77 (95% CI: 1.20–2.61) times higher odds of dementia, whereas the AD polygenic score excluding the APOE genetic region was not significantly associated with the odds of dementia relative to normal cognition 1.06 (95% CI: 0.97–1.30). Conclusions Cumulative genetic risk of AD and APOE ε4 are both independent predictors of dementia in European ancestry. This study provides important insight into the polygenic nature of dementia and demonstrates the utility of polygenic scores in dementia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology (K.M.B., S.L.R.K., J.A.S.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan; Survey Research Center (H.S.V., J.D.F., S.G.H., K.M.L., C.M.M., E.B.W.), Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (K.M.L.), Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Columbia University, and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (J.J.M.), New York; and Department of Mental Health (K.S.B.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Harita S Vadari
- Department of Epidemiology (K.M.B., S.L.R.K., J.A.S.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan; Survey Research Center (H.S.V., J.D.F., S.G.H., K.M.L., C.M.M., E.B.W.), Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (K.M.L.), Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Columbia University, and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (J.J.M.), New York; and Department of Mental Health (K.S.B.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Department of Epidemiology (K.M.B., S.L.R.K., J.A.S.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan; Survey Research Center (H.S.V., J.D.F., S.G.H., K.M.L., C.M.M., E.B.W.), Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (K.M.L.), Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Columbia University, and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (J.J.M.), New York; and Department of Mental Health (K.S.B.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Steven G Heeringa
- Department of Epidemiology (K.M.B., S.L.R.K., J.A.S.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan; Survey Research Center (H.S.V., J.D.F., S.G.H., K.M.L., C.M.M., E.B.W.), Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (K.M.L.), Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Columbia University, and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (J.J.M.), New York; and Department of Mental Health (K.S.B.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology (K.M.B., S.L.R.K., J.A.S.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan; Survey Research Center (H.S.V., J.D.F., S.G.H., K.M.L., C.M.M., E.B.W.), Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (K.M.L.), Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Columbia University, and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (J.J.M.), New York; and Department of Mental Health (K.S.B.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kenneth M Langa
- Department of Epidemiology (K.M.B., S.L.R.K., J.A.S.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan; Survey Research Center (H.S.V., J.D.F., S.G.H., K.M.L., C.M.M., E.B.W.), Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (K.M.L.), Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Columbia University, and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (J.J.M.), New York; and Department of Mental Health (K.S.B.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology (K.M.B., S.L.R.K., J.A.S.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan; Survey Research Center (H.S.V., J.D.F., S.G.H., K.M.L., C.M.M., E.B.W.), Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (K.M.L.), Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Columbia University, and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (J.J.M.), New York; and Department of Mental Health (K.S.B.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- Department of Epidemiology (K.M.B., S.L.R.K., J.A.S.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan; Survey Research Center (H.S.V., J.D.F., S.G.H., K.M.L., C.M.M., E.B.W.), Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (K.M.L.), Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Columbia University, and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (J.J.M.), New York; and Department of Mental Health (K.S.B.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Colter M Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology (K.M.B., S.L.R.K., J.A.S.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan; Survey Research Center (H.S.V., J.D.F., S.G.H., K.M.L., C.M.M., E.B.W.), Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (K.M.L.), Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Columbia University, and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (J.J.M.), New York; and Department of Mental Health (K.S.B.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kelly S Benke
- Department of Epidemiology (K.M.B., S.L.R.K., J.A.S.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan; Survey Research Center (H.S.V., J.D.F., S.G.H., K.M.L., C.M.M., E.B.W.), Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (K.M.L.), Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Columbia University, and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (J.J.M.), New York; and Department of Mental Health (K.S.B.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Erin B Ware
- Department of Epidemiology (K.M.B., S.L.R.K., J.A.S.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan; Survey Research Center (H.S.V., J.D.F., S.G.H., K.M.L., C.M.M., E.B.W.), Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan; VA Center for Clinical Management Research (K.M.L.), Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Columbia University, and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain (J.J.M.), New York; and Department of Mental Health (K.S.B.), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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28
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Peterson RL, Butler EA, Ehiri JE, Fain MJ, Carvajal SC. Mechanisms of Racial Disparities in Cognitive Aging: An Examination of Material and Psychosocial Well-Being. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:574-582. [PMID: 31942631 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that education's effect on cognitive aging operates in part through measures of material and psychosocial well-being. METHOD Our sample was of non-Latino black and white participants of the National Social Life Health and Aging Project who had valid cognitive assessments in Waves 2 and 3 (n = 2,951; age range: 48-95). We used structural equation modeling to test for mediation and moderated mediation by income, assets, perceived stress, social status, and allostatic load on the relationships between race, education, and cognition at two time points. RESULTS Education consistently mediated the race-cognition relationship, explaining about 20% of the relationship between race and cognition in all models. Income and assets were moderated by race; these factors were associated with cognition for whites but not blacks. Social status mediated the association between race and cognition, and social status and perceived stress mediated the education-cognition pathway. Allostatic load was not a mediator of any relationship. DISCUSSION Education remains the best explanatory factor for cognitive aging disparities, though material well-being and subjective social status help to explain a portion of the racial disparity in cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Peterson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis
| | - Emily A Butler
- Department of Family Studies and Human Development, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - John E Ehiri
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Mindy J Fain
- University of Arizona Center on Aging; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Scott C Carvajal
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona; Arizona Prevention Research Center, Tucson
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29
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Zhou X, Li YYT, Fu AKY, Ip NY. Polygenic Score Models for Alzheimer's Disease: From Research to Clinical Applications. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:650220. [PMID: 33854414 PMCID: PMC8039467 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.650220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) among the elderly population and its lack of effective treatments make this disease a critical threat to human health. Recent epidemiological and genetics studies have revealed the polygenic nature of the disease, which is possibly explainable by a polygenic score model that considers multiple genetic risks. Here, we systemically review the rationale and methods used to construct polygenic score models for studying AD. We also discuss the associations of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) with clinical outcomes, brain imaging findings, and biochemical biomarkers from both the brain and peripheral system. Finally, we discuss the possibility of incorporating polygenic score models into research and clinical practice along with potential challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopu Zhou
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yolanda Y. T. Li
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy K. Y. Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nancy Y. Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Nancy Y. Ip,
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Femminella GD, Harold D, Scott J, Williams J, Edison P. The Differential Influence of Immune, Endocytotic, and Lipid Metabolism Genes on Amyloid Deposition and Neurodegeneration in Subjects at Risk of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 79:127-139. [PMID: 33216025 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 20 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We categorized these loci into immunity, lipid metabolism, and endocytosis pathways, and associated the polygenic risk scores (PRS) calculated, with AD biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify associations between pathway-specific PRS and AD biomarkers in patients with MCI and healthy controls. METHODS AD biomarkers ([18F]Florbetapir-PET SUVR, FDG-PET SUVR, hippocampal volume, CSF tau and amyloid-β levels) and neurocognitive tests scores were obtained in 258 healthy controls and 451 MCI subjects from the ADNI dataset at baseline and at 24-month follow up. Pathway-related (immunity, lipid metabolism, and endocytosis) and total polygenic risk scores were calculated from 20 SNPs. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test predictive value of the polygenic risk scores over longitudinal biomarker and cognitive changes. RESULTS Higher immune risk score was associated with worse cognitive measures and reduced glucose metabolism. Higher lipid risk score was associated with increased amyloid deposition and cortical hypometabolism. Total, immune, and lipid scores were associated with significant changes in cognitive measures, amyloid deposition, and brain metabolism. CONCLUSION Polygenic risk scores highlights the influence of specific genes on amyloid-dependent and independent pathways; and these pathways could be differentially influenced by lipid and immune scores respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Scott
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Williams
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Edison
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Andrews SJ, McFall GP, Booth A, Dixon RA, Anstey KJ. Association of Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Risk Loci with Cognitive Performance and Decline: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:1109-1136. [PMID: 31156182 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The association of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and cognitive endophenotypes of aging has been widely investigated. There is increasing interest in evaluating the association of other LOAD risk loci with cognitive performance and decline. The results of these studies have been inconsistent and inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review of studies investigating the association of non-APOE LOAD risk loci with cognitive performance in older adults. Studies published from January 2009 to April 2018 were identified through a PubMed database search using keywords and by scanning reference lists. Studies were included if they were either cross-sectional or longitudinal in design, included at least one genome-wide significant LOAD risk loci or a genetic risk score, and had one objective measure of cognition. Quality assessment of the studies was conducted using the quality of genetic studies (Q-Genie) tool. Of 2,466 studies reviewed, 49 met inclusion criteria. Fifteen percent of the associations between non-APOE LOAD risk loci and cognition were significant. However, these associations were not replicated across studies, and the majority were rendered non-significant when adjusting for multiple testing. One-third of the studies included genetic risk scores, and these were typically significant only when APOE was included. The findings of this systematic review do not support a consistent association between individual non-APOE LOAD risk and cognitive performance or decline. However, evidence suggests that aggregate LOAD genetic risk exerts deleterious effects on decline in episodic memory and global cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea J Andrews
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Peggy McFall
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrew Booth
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Roger A Dixon
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Australia
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Ellis N, Tee A, McAllister B, Massey T, McLauchlan D, Stone T, Correia K, Loupe J, Kim KH, Barker D, Hong EP, Chao MJ, Long JD, Lucente D, Vonsattel JPG, Pinto RM, Elneel KA, Ramos EM, Mysore JS, Gillis T, Wheeler VC, Medway C, Hall L, Kwak S, Sampaio C, Ciosi M, Maxwell A, Chatzi A, Monckton DG, Orth M, Landwehrmeyer GB, Paulsen JS, Shoulson I, Myers RH, van Duijn E, Rickards H, MacDonald ME, Lee JM, Gusella JF, Jones L, Holmans P. Genetic Risk Underlying Psychiatric and Cognitive Symptoms in Huntington's Disease. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:857-865. [PMID: 32087949 PMCID: PMC7156911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the HTT gene. It is diagnosed following a standardized examination of motor control and often presents with cognitive decline and psychiatric symptoms. Recent studies have detected genetic loci modifying the age at onset of motor symptoms in HD, but genetic factors influencing cognitive and psychiatric presentations are unknown. METHODS We tested the hypothesis that psychiatric and cognitive symptoms in HD are influenced by the same common genetic variation as in the general population by 1) constructing polygenic risk scores from large genome-wide association studies of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders and of intelligence and 2) testing for correlation with the presence of psychiatric and cognitive symptoms in a large sample (n = 5160) of patients with HD. RESULTS Polygenic risk score for major depression was associated specifically with increased risk of depression in HD, as was schizophrenia risk score with psychosis and irritability. Cognitive impairment and apathy were associated with reduced polygenic risk score for intelligence. CONCLUSIONS Polygenic risk scores for psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and schizophrenia, are associated with increased risk of the corresponding psychiatric symptoms in HD, suggesting a common genetic liability. However, the genetic liability to cognitive impairment and apathy appears to be distinct from other psychiatric symptoms in HD. No associations were observed between HD symptoms and risk scores for other neurodegenerative disorders. These data provide a rationale for treatments effective in depression and schizophrenia to be used to treat depression and psychotic symptoms in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ellis
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, UHW Main Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Tee
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, UHW Main Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Branduff McAllister
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Massey
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan McLauchlan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Stone
- Department of Targeted Intervention, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Science, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Correia
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob Loupe
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas Barker
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eun Pyo Hong
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J. Chao
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey D. Long
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,Department of Psychiatry, Roy and Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Diane Lucente
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jean Paul G. Vonsattel
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ricardo Mouro Pinto
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kawther Abu Elneel
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eliana Marisa Ramos
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jayalakshmi Srinidhi Mysore
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tammy Gillis
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vanessa C. Wheeler
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Medway
- All Wales Medical Genetics Service, Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey Hall
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Marc Ciosi
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | - Alastair Maxwell
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | - Afroditi Chatzi
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | - Darren G. Monckton
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jane S. Paulsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy and Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa,Department of Neurology, Roy and Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ira Shoulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Richard H. Myers
- Department of Neurology and Genome Science Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erik van Duijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands,Mental Health Care Centre Delfland, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Hugh Rickards
- National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom,College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marcy E. MacDonald
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Medical and Population Genetics Program, the Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jong-min Lee
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James F. Gusella
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Medical and Population Genetics Program, the Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Lesley Jones
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Holmans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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Han SH, Roberts JS, Mutchler JE, Burr JA. Volunteering, polygenic risk for Alzheimer's disease, and cognitive functioning among older adults. Soc Sci Med 2020; 253:112970. [PMID: 32278238 PMCID: PMC7527033 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the context of the public health burden posed by increases in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) prevalence around the globe and the related research efforts to identify modifiable risk factors for the disease, we sought to provide an empirical test of earlier claims that volunteering may be considered as a health intervention that could help to prevent or delay the onset of AD. METHOD Using nine waves of panel data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (n=9,697), we examined whether volunteering conferred cognitive health benefits in later life and whether volunteering served a gene-regulatory function to help alleviate cognitive decline associated with polygenic risk for AD. Multilevel models were used to estimate associations between volunteering, polygenic risk for AD, and cognitive functioning over time. RESULTS We found robust within-person associations between volunteering (assessed as volunteer status and time commitment) and cognitive functioning over time, such that volunteering was associated with higher levels of cognitive functioning and slower cognitive decline. The findings also provided evidence that the within-person associations for volunteering and cognitive decline were more pronounced for older adults at higher genetic risk for developing AD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are in line with a growing body of theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence suggesting that prosocial behaviors are directly associated with biological systems and may modify gene regulation to confer health benefits. The analytic approach taken in this study also provided a useful framework for investigating the effectiveness of other modifiable risk factors that vary over time in the context of cognitive decline related to genetic risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Hwang Han
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop A2702, Austin, TX, 78712-1248, United States.
| | - J Scott Roberts
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-2029, United States.
| | - Jan E Mutchler
- Department of Gerontology, McCormack Graduate School of Policy and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, United States.
| | - Jeffrey A Burr
- Department of Gerontology, McCormack Graduate School of Policy and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, United States.
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Zahodne LB, Sol K, Kraal Z. Psychosocial Pathways to Racial/Ethnic Inequalities in Late-Life Memory Trajectories. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 74:409-418. [PMID: 28958051 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Blacks and Hispanics are at increased risk for dementia, even after socioeconomic and vascular factors are taken into account. This study tests a comprehensive model of psychosocial pathways leading to differences in longitudinal cognitive outcomes among older blacks and Hispanics, compared to non-Hispanic whites. METHODS Using data from 10,173 participants aged 65 and older in the Health and Retirement Study, structural equation models tested associations among race/ethnicity, perceived discrimination, depressive symptoms, external locus of control, and 6-year memory trajectories, controlling for age, sex, educational attainment, income, wealth, and chronic diseases. RESULTS Greater perceived discrimination among blacks was associated with lower initial memory level via depressive symptoms and external locus of control, and with faster memory decline directly. Greater depressive symptoms and external locus of control among Hispanics were each independently associated with lower initial memory, but there were no pathways from Hispanic ethnicity to memory decline. DISCUSSION Depression and external locus of control partially mediate racial/ethnic differences in memory trajectories. Perceived discrimination is a major driver of these psychosocial pathways for blacks, but not Hispanics. These results can inform the development of policies and interventions to reduce cognitive morbidity among racially/ethnically diverse older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ketlyne Sol
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Zarina Kraal
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Harrison JR, Mistry S, Muskett N, Escott-Price V. From Polygenic Scores to Precision Medicine in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 74:1271-1283. [PMID: 32250305 PMCID: PMC7242840 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is highly heritable. The effect of many common genetic variants, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), confer risk. Variants are clustered in areas of biology, notably immunity and inflammation, cholesterol metabolism, endocytosis, and ubiquitination. Polygenic scores (PRS), which weight the sum of an individual's risk alleles, have been used to draw inferences about the pathological processes underpinning AD. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to systematically review how AD PRS are being used to study a range of outcomes and phenotypes related to neurodegeneration. METHODS We searched the literature from July 2008-July 2018 following PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS 57 studies met criteria. The AD PRS can distinguish AD cases from controls. The ability of AD PRS to predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD was less clear. There was strong evidence of association between AD PRS and cognitive impairment. AD PRS were correlated with a number of biological phenotypes associated with AD pathology, such as neuroimaging changes and amyloid and tau measures. Pathway-specific polygenic scores were also associated with AD-related biologically relevant phenotypes. CONCLUSION PRS can predict AD effectively and are associated with cognitive impairment. There is also evidence of association between AD PRS and other phenotypes relevant to neurodegeneration. The associations between pathway specific polygenic scores and phenotypic changes may allow us to define the biology of the disease in individuals and indicate who may benefit from specific treatments. Longitudinal cohort studies are required to test the ability of PGS to delineate pathway-specific disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith R. Harrison
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sumit Mistry
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Natalie Muskett
- Cardiff University Medical School, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Dementia Research Institute & the MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Manrique de Lara A, Soto-Gómez L, Núñez-Acosta E, Saruwatari-Zavala G, Rentería ME. Ethical issues in susceptibility genetic testing for late-onset neurodegenerative diseases. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:609-621. [PMID: 30525300 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have revolutionized our understanding of the genetic architecture of complex traits and diseases over the last decade. This knowledge is enabling clinicians, researchers, and direct-to-consumer genetics companies to conduct disease susceptibility testing based on powerful methods such as polygenic risk scoring. However, these technologies raise a set of complex ethical, legal, social, and policy considerations. Here we review and discuss a series of ethical dilemmas associated with susceptibility genetic testing for the two most common late-onset neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, including testing in asymptomatic individuals. Among others, these include informed consent, disclosure of results and unexpected findings, mandatory screening, privacy and confidentiality, and stigma and genetic discrimination. Importantly, appropriate counseling is a deciding factor for the ethical soundness of genetic testing, which poses a challenge for the regulation of these tests and the training of healthcare professionals. As genetic knowledge about these diseases continues growing and genetic testing becomes more widespread, it is increasingly important to raise awareness among researchers, medical practitioners, genetic counselors, and decision makers about the ethical, legal, and social issues associated with genetic testing for polygenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaranta Manrique de Lara
- Licenciatura en Ciencias Genómicas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Liliana Soto-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elisa Núñez-Acosta
- Oficina de Información Científica y Tecnológica para el Congreso de la Unión (INCyTU), Foro Consultivo Científico y Tecnológico, A.C., Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Garbiñe Saruwatari-Zavala
- Departamento de Estudios Jurídicos, Éticos y Sociales, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Department of Genetics & Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Wang T, Han Z, Yang Y, Tian R, Zhou W, Ren P, Wang P, Zong J, Hu Y, Jiang Q. Polygenic Risk Score for Alzheimer's Disease Is Associated With Ch4 Volume in Normal Subjects. Front Genet 2019; 10:519. [PMID: 31354783 PMCID: PMC6636399 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. APOE is the strong genetic risk factor of AD. The existing genome-wide association studies have identified many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with minor effects on AD risk and the polygenic risk score (PRS) is presented to combine the effect of these SNPs. On the other hand, the volumes of various brain regions in AD patients have significant changes compared to that in normal individuals. Ch4 brain region containing at least 90% cholinergic neurons is the most extensive and conspicuous in the basal forebrain. Here, we investigated the relationship between the combined effect of AD-associated SNPs and Ch4 volume using the PRS approach. Our results showed that Ch4 volume in AD patients is significantly different from that in normal control subjects (p-value < 2.2 × 10-16). AD PRS, is not associated with the Ch4 volume in AD patients, excluding the APOE region (p-value = 0.264) and including the APOE region (p-value = 0.213). However, AD best-fit PRS, excluding the APOE region, is associated with Ch4 volume in normal control subjects (p-value = 0.015). AD PRS based on 8070 SNPs could explain 3.35% variance of Ch4 volume. In addition, the p-value of AD PRS model in normal control subjects, including the APOE region, is 0.006. AD PRS based on 8079 SNPs could explain 4.23% variance of Ch4 volume. In conclusion, PRS based on AD-associated SNPs is significantly related to Ch4 volume in normal subjects but not in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhifa Han
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Information Department, Jiangsu Singch Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Rui Tian
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Wenyang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Ren
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Zong
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Filshtein TJ, Brenowitz WD, Mayeda ER, Hohman TJ, Walter S, Jones RN, Elahi FM, Glymour MM. Reserve and Alzheimer's disease genetic risk: Effects on hospitalization and mortality. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:907-916. [PMID: 31327391 PMCID: PMC7049165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive reserve predicts delayed diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and faster postdiagnosis decline. The net impact of cognitive reserve, combining both prediagnosis and postdiagnosis risk, on adverse AD-related outcomes is unknown. We adopted a novel approach, using AD genetic risk scores (AD-GRS), to evaluate this. METHODS Using 242,959 UK Biobank participants age 56+ years, we evaluated whether cognitive reserve (operationalized as education) modified associations between AD-GRS and mortality or hospitalization (total count, fall-related, and urinary tract infection-related). RESULTS AD-GRS predicted mortality and hospitalization outcomes. Education did not modify AD-GRS effects on mortality, but had a nonsignificantly (interaction P = .10) worse effect on hospitalizations due to urinary tract infection or falls among low education (OR = 1.07 [95% CI: 1.02, 1.12]) than high education (OR = 1.01 [0.95, 1.07]) individuals. DISCUSSION Education did not convey differential survival advantages to individuals with higher genetic risk of AD, but may reduce hospitalization risk associated with AD genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Jenica Filshtein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Willa D Brenowitz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rose Mayeda
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Department of Neurology and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stefan Walter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rich N Jones
- Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Fanny M Elahi
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Chaudhury S, Brookes KJ, Patel T, Fallows A, Guetta-Baranes T, Turton JC, Guerreiro R, Bras J, Hardy J, Francis PT, Croucher R, Holmes C, Morgan K, Thomas AJ. Alzheimer's disease polygenic risk score as a predictor of conversion from mild-cognitive impairment. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:154. [PMID: 31127079 PMCID: PMC6534556 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild-cognitive impairment (MCI) occurs in up to one-fifth of individuals over the age of 65, with approximately a third of MCI individuals converting to dementia in later life. There is a growing necessity for early identification for those at risk of dementia as pathological processes begin decades before onset of symptoms. A cohort of 122 individuals diagnosed with MCI and followed up for a 36-month period for conversion to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) were genotyped on the NeuroChip array along with pathologically confirmed cases of LOAD and cognitively normal controls. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for each individual were generated using PRSice-2, derived from summary statistics produced from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Disease Project (IGAP) genome-wide association study. Predictability models for LOAD were developed incorporating the PRS with APOE SNPs (rs7412 and rs429358), age and gender. This model was subsequently applied to the MCI cohort to determine whether it could be used to predict conversion from MCI to LOAD. The PRS model for LOAD using area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) calculated a predictability for LOAD of 82.5%. When applied to the MCI cohort predictability for conversion from MCI to LOAD was 61.0%. Increases in average PRS scores across diagnosis group were observed with one-way ANOVA suggesting significant differences in PRS between the groups (p < 0.0001). This analysis suggests that the PRS model for LOAD can be used to identify individuals with MCI at risk of conversion to LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tulsi Patel
- Human Genetics Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Abigail Fallows
- Human Genetics Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - James C Turton
- Human Genetics Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London and ION Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, London, UK
| | - Jose Bras
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London and ION Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London and ION Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, London, UK
| | - Paul T Francis
- Brains for Dementia Research Resource, Wolfson CARD, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Clive Holmes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A J Thomas
- Institute of Neuroscience Biomedical Research Building Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
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40
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Alzheimer’s Environmental and Genetic Risk Scores are Differentially Associated With General Cognitive Ability and Dementia Severity. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2019; 33:95-103. [DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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The Contribution of Genetic Factors to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Apolipoprotein E Gene, Gene Interactions, and Polygenic Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051177. [PMID: 30866553 PMCID: PMC6429136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Although it has been studied for years, the pathogenesis of AD is still controversial. Genetic factors may play an important role in pathogenesis, with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene among the greatest risk factors for AD. In this review, we focus on the influence of genetic factors, including the APOE gene, the interaction between APOE and other genes, and the polygenic risk factors for cognitive function and dementia. The presence of the APOE ε4 allele is associated with increased AD risk and reduced age of AD onset. Accelerated cognitive decline and abnormal internal environment, structure, and function of the brain were also found in ε4 carriers. The effect of the APOE promoter on cognition and the brain was confirmed by some studies, but further investigation is still needed. We also describe the effects of the associations between APOE and other genetic risk factors on cognition and the brain that exhibit a complex gene⁻gene interaction, and we consider the importance of using a polygenic risk score to investigate the association between genetic variance and phenotype.
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Porter T, Burnham SC, Savage G, Lim YY, Maruff P, Milicic L, Peretti M, Ames D, Masters CL, Martins RN, Rainey-Smith S, Rowe CC, Salvado O, Taddei K, Groth D, Verdile G, Villemagne VL, Laws SM. A Polygenic Risk Score Derived From Episodic Memory Weighted Genetic Variants Is Associated With Cognitive Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:423. [PMID: 30620773 PMCID: PMC6305908 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of Alzheimer’s disease risk-weighted polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for cognitive performance have reported inconsistent associations. This inconsistency is particularly evident when PRSs are assessed independent of APOE genotype. As such, the development and assessment of phenotype-specific weightings to derive PRSs for cognitive decline in preclinical AD is warranted. To this end a episodic memory-weighted PRS (emPRS) was derived and assessed against decline in cognitive performance in 226 healthy cognitively normal older adults with high brain Aβ-amyloid burden participants from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study. The effect size for decline in a verbal episodic memory was determined individually for 27 genetic variants in a reference sample (n = 151). These were then summed to generate a emPRS either including APOE (emPRSc¯APOE) or excluding APOE (emPRSs¯APOE). Resultant emPRS were then evaluated, in a test sample (n = 75), against decline in global cognition, verbal episodic memory and a pre-Alzheimer’s cognitive composite (AIBL-PACC) over 7.5 years. The mean (SD) age of the 226 participants was 72.2 (6.6) years and 116 (51.3%) were female. Reference and test samples did not differ significantly demographically. Whilst no association of emPRSs were observed with baseline cognition, the emPRSc¯APOE was associated with longitudinal global cognition (-0.237, P = 0.0002), verbal episodic memory (-0.259, P = 0.00003) and the AIBL-PACC (-0.381, P = 0.02). The emPRSs¯APOE was also associated with global cognition (-0.169, P = 0.021) and verbal episodic memory (-0.208, P = 0.004). Stratification by APOE ε4 revealed that the association between the emPRS and verbal episodic memory was limited to carriage of no ε4 or one ε4 allele. This was also observed for global cognition. The emPRS and rates of decline in AIBL-PACC were associated in those carrying one ε4 allele. Overall, the described novel emPRS has utility for the prediction of decline in cognition in preclinical AD. This study provides evidence to support the further use and evaluation of phenotype weightings in PRS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenielle Porter
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha C Burnham
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Greg Savage
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Yen Ying Lim
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,CogState Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lidija Milicic
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeline Peretti
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St. Vincent's Health, The University of Melbourne, Kew, VIC, Australia.,National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Stephanie Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Kevin Taddei
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - David Groth
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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Shi Z, Yu H, Wu Y, Ford M, Perschon C, Wang C, Zheng SL, Xu J. Genetic risk score modifies the effect of APOE on risk and age onset of Alzheimer's disease. Clin Genet 2018; 95:302-309. [PMID: 30460685 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genetic risk score (GRS) and APOE genotype are both important in risk prediction of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the interaction between GRS and APOE has not been extensively investigated. Our objective was to determine whether GRS modifies the APOE effect on AD risk and age at onset (AAO). The study included 774 AD cases and 767 controls of European descent. Population standardized GRS was calculated based on 17 previously implicated AD risk-associated SNPs. Association was analyzed using logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier curve. We found that GRS was significantly associated with AD risk and the association was stronger among APOE ε4 carriers. Compared to ε4 non-carriers, the Odds Ratio (OR) for AD was 8.09 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 4.98-13.63) for ε4 carriers with high-GRS (≥1.5). In contrast, the OR was 2.55 (95% CI: 1.46-4.49) for ε4 carriers with low-GRS (<0.6). In conclusion, these results suggest SNP-based GRS may supplement APOE for better assessment of inherited risk and age of onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Hongjie Yu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Yishuo Wu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Madison Ford
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Chelsea Perschon
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Chihsiung Wang
- Center for Biomedical Research Informatics, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Siqun L Zheng
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Porter T, Burnham SC, Milicic L, Savage G, Maruff P, Lim YY, Li QX, Ames D, Masters CL, Rainey-Smith S, Rowe CC, Salvado O, Groth D, Verdile G, Villemagne VL, Laws SM. Utility of an Alzheimer’s Disease Risk-Weighted Polygenic Risk Score for Predicting Rates of Cognitive Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 66:1193-1211. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tenielle Porter
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Co-operative Research Centre for Mental Health,
| | - Samantha C. Burnham
- eHealth, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Lidija Milicic
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Co-operative Research Centre for Mental Health,
| | - Greg Savage
- Department of Psychology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- CogState Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen Ying Lim
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St. Vincent’s Health, The University of Melbourne, Kew, VIC, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher C. Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivier Salvado
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - David Groth
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Victor L. Villemagne
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laws
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Co-operative Research Centre for Mental Health,
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Mayeda ER, Filshtein TJ, Tripodis Y, Glymour MM, Gross AL. Does selective survival before study enrolment attenuate estimated effects of education on rate of cognitive decline in older adults? A simulation approach for quantifying survival bias in life course epidemiology. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:1507-1517. [PMID: 30010793 PMCID: PMC6208270 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between education and late-life cognitive decline is controversial. Selective survival between early life, when education is typically completed, and late life, when cognitive ageing studies take place, could attenuate effect estimates. Methods We quantified potential survival bias (collider-stratification bias) in estimation of the effect of education on late-life cognitive decline by simulating hypothetical cohorts of 20-year-olds and applying cumulative mortality from US life tables. For each of four causal scenarios (2000 replications each), we compared the estimated versus causal effect of education on cognitive decline over 9 years, starting at age 60, 75 or 90 in random samples of n = 2000 people who survived to each age. Results Effects of education on cognitive decline were underestimated when both education and U, another determinant of cognitive decline, influenced mortality (collider-stratification bias). The magnitude of bias was sensitive to the magnitude of the effect of U on cognitive decline and whether there was a multiplicative interaction between education and U on mortality. For example, when there was a multiplicative interaction between education and U on mortality, 95% confidence interval coverage of the causal effect ranged from 83.4% to 50.4% at age 60 and 25.8% to 0.2% at age 90. Conclusions Selective survival could lead to underestimation of effects of education on late-life cognitive decline. Our simulations map survival bias to testable assumptions about underlying causal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rose Mayeda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Teresa J Filshtein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alden L Gross
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Axelrud LK, Santoro ML, Pine DS, Talarico F, Gadelha A, Manfro GG, Pan PM, Jackowski A, Picon F, Brietzke E, Grassi-Oliveira R, Bressan RA, Miguel EC, Rohde LA, Hakonarson H, Pausova Z, Belangero S, Paus T, Salum GA. Polygenic Risk Score for Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Memory Performance and Hippocampal Volumes in Early Life. Am J Psychiatry 2018; 175:555-563. [PMID: 29495896 PMCID: PMC6372950 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17050529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease is a heritable neurodegenerative disorder in which early-life precursors may manifest in cognition and brain structure. The authors evaluate this possibility by examining, in youths, associations among polygenic risk score for Alzheimer's disease, cognitive abilities, and hippocampal volume. METHOD Participants were children 6-14 years of age in two Brazilian cities, constituting the discovery (N=364) and replication samples (N=352). As an additional replication, data from a Canadian sample (N=1,029), with distinct tasks, MRI protocol, and genetic risk, were included. Cognitive tests quantified memory and executive function. Reading and writing abilities were assessed by standardized tests. Hippocampal volumes were derived from the Multiple Automatically Generated Templates (MAGeT) multi-atlas segmentation brain algorithm. Genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease was quantified using summary statistics from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project. RESULTS Analyses showed that for the Brazilian discovery sample, each one-unit increase in z-score for Alzheimer's polygenic risk score significantly predicted a 0.185 decrement in z-score for immediate recall and a 0.282 decrement for delayed recall. Findings were similar for the Brazilian replication sample (immediate and delayed recall, β=-0.259 and β=-0.232, both significant). Quantile regressions showed lower hippocampal volumes bilaterally for individuals with high polygenic risk scores. Associations fell short of significance for the Canadian sample. CONCLUSIONS Genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease may affect early-life cognition and hippocampal volumes, as shown in two independent samples. These data support previous evidence that some forms of late-life dementia may represent developmental conditions with roots in childhood. This result may vary depending on a sample's genetic risk and may be specific to some types of memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza K. Axelrud
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Marcos L. Santoro
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Fernanda Talarico
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Ary Gadelha
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Gisele G. Manfro
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Pedro M. Pan
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Andrea Jackowski
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Felipe Picon
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Rodrigo A. Bressan
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Eurípedes C. Miguel
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Luis A. Rohde
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Sintia Belangero
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Tomas Paus
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
| | - Giovanni A. Salum
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Porto Alegre, Brazil; the National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil; the Department of Morphology and Genetics and the Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; the Emotion and Development Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md.; the Graduate Program in Pediatric and Child
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48
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van der Lee SJ, Wolters FJ, Ikram MK, Hofman A, Ikram MA, Amin N, van Duijn CM. The effect of APOE and other common genetic variants on the onset of Alzheimer's disease and dementia: a community-based cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:434-444. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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49
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Marioni RE, Campbell A, Hagenaars SP, Nagy R, Amador C, Hayward C, Porteous DJ, Visscher PM, Deary IJ. Genetic Stratification to Identify Risk Groups for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:275-283. [PMID: 28222519 PMCID: PMC5345653 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stratification by genetic risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may help identify groups with the greatest disease risk. Biological changes that cause late-onset AD are likely to occur years, if not decades prior to diagnosis. Here, we select a subset of the Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study cohort in a likely preclinical age-range of 60–70 years (subset n = 3,495 with cognitive and genetic data). We test for cognitive differences by polygenic risk scores for AD. The polygenic scores are constructed using all available SNPs, excluding those within a 500 kb distance of the APOE locus. Additive and multiplicative effects of APOE status on these associations are investigated. Small memory decrements were observed in those with high polygenic risk scores for AD (standardized beta –0.04, p = 0.020). These associations were independent of APOE status. There was no difference in AD polygenic scores across APOE haplotypes (p = 0.72). Individuals with high compared to low polygenic risk scores for AD (top and bottom 5% of the distribution) show cognitive decrements, albeit much smaller than for APOE ɛ4ɛ4 compared to ɛ3ɛ3 individuals (2.3 versus 3.5 fewer points on the processing speed test, and 1.8 versus 2.8 fewer points on the memory test). Polygenic risk scores for AD may help identify older individuals at greatest risk of cognitive decline and preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Archie Campbell
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Saskia P Hagenaars
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Reka Nagy
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carmen Amador
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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50
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Andrews SJ, Das D, Anstey KJ, Easteal S. Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease Risk Variants in Cognitive Decline: The PATH Through Life Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:423-436. [PMID: 28269768 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome wide association studies have identified a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). We examined the associations of 24 LOAD risk loci, individually and collectively as a genetic risk score, with cognitive function. We used data from 1,626 non-demented older Australians of European ancestry who were examined up to four times over 12 years on tests assessing episodic memory, working memory, vocabulary, and information processing speed. Linear mixed models were generated to examine associations between genetic factors and cognitive performance. Twelve SNPs were significantly associated with baseline cognitive performance (ABCA7, MS4A4E, SORL1), linear rate of change (APOE, ABCA7, INPP5D, ZCWPW1, CELF1), or quadratic rate of change (APOE, CLU, EPHA1, HLA-DRB5, INPP5D, FERMT2). In addition, a weighted genetic risk score was associated with linear rate of change in episodic memory and information processing speed. Our results suggest that a minority of AD related SNPs may be associated with non-clinical cognitive decline. Further research is required to verify these results and to examine the effect of preclinical AD in genetic association studies of cognitive decline. The identification of LOAD risk loci associated with non-clinical cognitive performance may help in screening for individuals at greater risk of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea J Andrews
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Debjani Das
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Simon Easteal
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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