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Li Y, Du X, Shi S, Chen M, Wang S, Huang Y, Zhong VW. Trends in prevalence and multimorbidity of metabolic, cardiovascular, and chronic kidney diseases among US adults with depression from 2005 to 2020. J Affect Disord 2024; 372:262-268. [PMID: 39638061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 11/22/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbid depression and cardiometabolic diseases are prevalent and increase risk of mortality. However, trends in the prevalence and multimorbidity of cardiometabolic diseases in depression are unclear. METHODS Data of adults aged ≥20 years with depression from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2020 were analyzed. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to estimate trends in the prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease as well as having ≥3 of these diseases. Differences in the prevalence of these diseases in depression vs no depression were assessed using Poisson regressions after applying propensity score weighting. RESULTS A total of 3412 adults with depression were included. The prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases as well as having ≥3 diseases remained high and stable in the overall sample from 2005 to 2020 (P for trend >0.05). In 2017-2020, the prevalence ranged from 17.1 % (95 % CI, 12.7 %-21.5 %) for cardiovascular disease to 58.4 % (95 % CI, 50.4 %-66.3 %) for dyslipidemia; 40.7 % (95 % CI, 34.4 %-46.9 %) had ≥3 diseases. The prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and having≥3 diseases was 23 %-85 % higher in adults with depression than those without. LIMITATIONS The utilization of self-reported data and/or one-time laboratory measurements may misclassify participants. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases was high and multimorbidity was common in US adults with depression. Addressing the prevention, treatment, and management of cardiometabolic diseases in depression requires greater public health and clinical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihao Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuxiao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Victor W Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Campisi SC, Savel KA, Korczak DJ. The relationship between anxiety and diet quality in adolescent populations: a cross-sectional analysis. Br J Nutr 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39466130 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524001533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2024]
Abstract
Globally, more than 13 % of adolescents have clinically significant mental health problems, with anxiety and depression comprising over 40 % of cases. Despite the high prevalence of anxiety disorders among youth, dietary research has been focused on youth with depression, resulting in a significant knowledge gap regarding the impact of anxiety on adolescent diet quality. Adolescents with diagnosed anxiety disorders and healthy controls were included in this study. Anxiety symptoms were measured using the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Disorders. Diagnosis of anxiety disorder was determined using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia interview. Five diet quality indices were scored from FFQ. Diet quality indices associated with anxiety symptoms in the correlation matrix were interrogated using multiple linear regression modelling. All models were adjusted for depression. One hundred and twenty-eight adolescents (mean age 14·8 years (sd: 2·1); 66·4 % female) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Although healthy controls and outpatient participants had similar unhealthy dietary index subscale scores, outpatient participants had lower healthy index scores. Higher anxiety symptoms were associated with lower healthy dietary indices in univariate analysis; after adjusting for comorbid depression; however, anxiety symptoms were no longer associated with dietary indices following adjustment for multiple testing (P = 0·038 to P = 0·077). The association between anxiety symptoms and a poor diet is attenuated by depression. The results of this study support the need for an integrated approach to the assessment of mental and physical well-being and further research aimed at understanding the unique contribution of depression to healthy dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Campisi
- Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Nutrition and Dietetics Program, Clinical Public Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katarina A Savel
- Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daphne J Korczak
- Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Shell AL, Crawford CA, Cyders MA, Hirsh AT, Stewart JC. Depressive disorder subtypes, depressive symptom clusters, and risk of obesity and diabetes: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2024; 353:70-89. [PMID: 38432462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overlapping but divided literatures suggest certain depression facets may pose greater obesity and diabetes risk than others. Our objectives were to integrate the major depressive disorder (MDD) subtype and depressive symptom cluster literatures and to clarify which facets are associated with the greatest cardiometabolic disease risk. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of published studies examining associations of ≥2 MDD subtypes or symptom clusters with obesity or diabetes risk outcomes. We report which facets the literature is "in favor" of (i.e., having the strongest or most consistent results). RESULTS Forty-five articles were included. Of the MDD subtype-obesity risk studies, 14 were in favor of atypical MDD, and 8 showed similar or null associations across subtypes. Of the symptom cluster-obesity risk studies, 5 were in favor of the somatic cluster, 1 was in favor of other clusters, and 5 were similar or null. Of the MDD subtype-diabetes risk studies, 7 were in favor of atypical MDD, 3 were in favor of other subtypes, and 5 were similar or null. Of the symptom cluster-diabetes risk studies, 7 were in favor of the somatic cluster, and 5 were similar or null. LIMITATIONS Limitations in study design, sample selection, variable measurement, and analytic approach in these literatures apply to this review. CONCLUSIONS Atypical MDD and the somatic cluster are most consistently associated with obesity and diabetes risk. Future research is needed to establish directionality and causality. Identifying the depression facets conferring the greatest risk could improve cardiometabolic disease risk stratification and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey L Shell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University Health, United States of America
| | | | - Melissa A Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Adam T Hirsh
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, United States of America
| | - Jesse C Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Indianapolis, United States of America.
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Ai F, Li E, Dong A, Zhang H. Association between disability and cognitive function in older Chinese people: a moderated mediation of social relationships and depressive symptoms. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1354877. [PMID: 38689766 PMCID: PMC11058663 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1354877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Many previous studies have found that disability leads to cognitive impairment, and in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms between disability and cognitive impairment, the present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of social relationships, including their role as mediators between disability and cognitive impairment in depressive symptoms. Study design This is a cross-sectional study. Methods A total of 5,699 Chinese older adults from the 2018 China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were included in this study, and PROCESS macro was used to perform simple mediator and moderator mediator analyses, which were used to analyze the relationship between depressive symptoms and social relationships between disability and cognitive impairment. Results The results of this study showed significant correlations between disability, cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and social relationships, and that depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between disability and cognitive functioning [B = -0.232; 95% CI: (-0.304, -0.164)], and that social relationships mediated disability and cognitive functioning through pathway a (Disability-Depressive Symptoms) [B = 0.190; 95% CI: (0.020, 0.036)], path b (depressive symptoms-cognitive impairment) [B = 0.029; 95% CI: (0.015, 0.042)], and path c' (incapacitation-cognitive impairment) [B = 0.492; 95% CI: (0.298, 0.685)] to modulate the effect of incapacitation on cognitive impairment. In addition, social activities and social networks moderated the mediation model directly or indirectly, whereas social support moderated only the direct effect. Conclusion This study explains the intrinsic link between incapacitation and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults, and that social relationships and depressive symptoms can directly or indirectly modulate the effects between them. This provides a basis for healthcare professionals to be able to better develop interventions that can be used to improve the level of cognitive functioning and mental health of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Kanumuri M, Khan A, Neshat A, Alapati G, Mulaka GSR, Nisar N, Batool S, Arti F. Comparison of Risk of Stroke in Patients With and Without Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e53057. [PMID: 38410306 PMCID: PMC10896251 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with depression face an elevated stroke risk, marked by an unfavorable prognosis. This meta-analysis aims to determine the impact of depression on stroke risk. The current meta-analysis was conducted using the guidelines established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We selected studies through a systematic review of electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL from January 2011 to January 2023. Google Scholar was utilized to identify supplementary studies. Furthermore, we scrutinized citation lists of reported articles for additional potential studies. Only English-language articles were included in the review. A total of 15 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sample size was 744,179. Sample size of the included studies ranged from 560 to 487,377. The pooled estimate of 15 studies showed that the risk of stroke was 1.47 times higher in individuals with depression compared to the individuals without depression, and the difference is statistically significant (RR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.30 to 1.66, p-value<0.001). Age and hypertension emerged as significant predictors of stroke risk in depressed individuals identified through meta-regression. These findings underscore the importance of targeted preventive strategies for depression-related stroke risk, especially considering age-specific considerations and associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Kanumuri
- Psychiatry, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Areeba Khan
- Critical Care Medicine, United Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Asfia Neshat
- Internal Medicine, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, IRL
| | - Goutham Alapati
- Oncology, St. Martinus University Faculty of Medicine, Willemstad, CUW
| | | | - Nimra Nisar
- Internal Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Saima Batool
- Internal Medicine, Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Fnu Arti
- Medicine, Muhammad Mahar Medical College, Sukkur, PAK
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Shi Q, Ding J, Su H, Du Y, Pan T, Zhong X. Association of Long-Term HbA1c Variability with Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:5053-5068. [PMID: 38144235 PMCID: PMC10747221 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s441058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the relationship between long-term glycemic variability and anxiety and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes. Participants and Methods A cohort comprising 214 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes participated in this study. Comprehensive demographic and laboratory information was gathered for them. The evaluation of anxiety relied on the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), while depression was assessed utilizing the 9-item Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Based on the presence or absence of anxiety and depression, participants were categorized into either the mood disorder or control groups. Subsequently, univariate and stepwise multiple binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the potential correlations between factors and the presence of anxiety and depression. Results The prevalence of anxiety disorders is 23%, and depression is 32%. The prevalence of smoking, diabetic autonomic neuropathy, stroke, and osteoporosis in the mood disorder group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), the glycated hemoglobin A1c variability score (HVS), mean hemoglobin A1c value, total cholesterol, urinary albumin/creatinine and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) were significantly higher in the control group (P < 0.05). The level of high-density lipoprotein in the mood disorder group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). In stepwise multiple binary logistic regression analyses, the main factors associated with anxiety were depression (P < 0.001, OR=117.581) and gender (P < 0.001, OR=9.466), and the main factors related to depression included anxiety (P < 0.001, OR=49.424), smoking (P=0.042, OR=2.728), HVS (P=0.004, OR=8.664), and SII (P=0.014, OR=1.002). Conclusion Persistent fluctuations in blood glucose levels have been linked to anxiety and depression. Consequently, maintaining an optimal level of glycemic control and minimizing fluctuations becomes imperative in the comprehensive management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingcheng Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijun Du
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianrong Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230601, People’s Republic of China
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Anderson E, McCurley JL, Sonnenblick R, McGovern S, Fung V, Levy DE, Clark CR, Thorndike AN. Food Insecurity and Diet Quality Among Adults on Medicaid With and Without a Mental Illness Diagnosis. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:1470-1478.e2. [PMID: 37207956 PMCID: PMC10524583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with mental illnesses are more likely to have low income and diet-related chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE This study examined associations of mental illness diagnosis status with food insecurity and diet quality and whether the relationship between food security status and diet quality differed by mental illness diagnosis status in adult Medicaid beneficiaries. DESIGN This was a secondary cross-sectional analysis of baseline (2019-2020) data collected as part of the LiveWell study, a longitudinal study evaluating a Medicaid food and housing program. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants were 846 adult Medicaid beneficiaries from an eastern Massachusetts health system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Food security was measured with the 10-item US Adult Food Security survey module (0 = high food security, 1-2 = marginal food security, 3-10 = low/very low food security). Mental illness diagnoses included health record-documented anxiety, depression, or serious mental illness (eg, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder). Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) scores were calculated from 24-hour dietary recalls. STATISTICAL ANALYSES Multivariable regression analyses adjusted for demographics, income, and survey date. RESULTS Participants' mean (standard deviation) age was 43.1 (11.3) years, and 75% were female, 54% Hispanic, 33% non-Hispanic White, and 9% non-Hispanic Black. Fewer than half (43%) of participants reported high food security, with almost one third (32%) reporting low or very low food security. The 341 (40%) participants with one or more mental illness diagnosis had greater odds of low/very low food security (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38-2.70) and had similar mean HEI-2015 scores (53.1 vs 56.0; P = 0.12) compared with participants with no mental illness diagnosis. Mean adjusted HEI-2015 scores did not significantly differ by high vs low/very low food security for those without a mental illness diagnosis (57.9 vs 54.9; P = 0.052) or those with a mental illness diagnosis (53.0 vs 52.9; P = 0.99). CONCLUSION In a cohort of adults with Medicaid, those with mental illness diagnoses had higher odds of experiencing food insecurity. Overall, diet quality among adults in this sample was low but did not differ by mental illness diagnosis or food security status. These results highlight the importance of augmenting efforts to improve both food security and diet quality among all Medicaid participants.
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Otieno P, Asiki G, Wilunda C, Wami W, Agyemang C. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity and associated patterns of healthcare utilization and quality of life: Results from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 2 in Ghana. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002215. [PMID: 37585386 PMCID: PMC10431646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the patterns of multimorbidity, defined as the co-occurrence of more than one chronic condition, is important for planning health system capacity and response. This study assessed the association of different cardiometabolic multimorbidity combinations with healthcare utilization and quality of life (QoL). Data were from the World Health Organization (WHO) study on global AGEing and adult health Wave 2 (2015) conducted in Ghana. We analysed the clustering of cardiometabolic diseases including angina, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension with unrelated conditions such as asthma, chronic lung disease, arthritis, cataract and depression. The clusters of adults with cardiometabolic multimorbidity were identified using latent class analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithms. We used negative binomial regression to determine the association of multimorbidity combinations with outpatient visits. The association of multimorbidity clusters with hospitalization and QoL were assessed using multivariable logistic and linear regressions. Data from 3,128 adults aged over 50 years were analysed. We identified four distinct classes of multimorbidity: relatively "healthy class" with no multimorbidity (47.9%): abdominal obesity only (40.7%): cardiometabolic and arthritis class comprising participants with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, stroke, abdominal and general obesity, arthritis and cataract (5.7%); and cardiopulmonary and depression class including participants with angina, chronic lung disease, asthma, and depression (5.7%). Relative to the class with no multimorbidity, the cardiopulmonary and depression class was associated with a higher frequency of outpatient visits [β = 0.3; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.6] and higher odds of hospitalization [aOR = 1.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 3.7]. However, cardiometabolic and arthritis class was associated with a higher frequency of outpatient visits [β = 0.8; 95% CI 0.3 to 1.2] and not hospitalization [aOR = 1.1; 95% CI 0.5 to 2.9]. The mean QoL scores was lowest among participants in the cardiopulmonary and depression class [β = -4.8; 95% CI -7.3 to -2.3] followed by the cardiometabolic and arthritis class [β = -3.9; 95% CI -6.4 to -1.4]. Our findings show that cardiometabolic multimorbidity among older persons in Ghana cluster together in distinct patterns that differ in healthcare utilization. This evidence may be used in healthcare planning to optimize treatment and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Otieno
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Public & Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Welcome Wami
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public & Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Otieno P, Agyemang C, Wao H, Wambiya E, Ng'oda M, Mwanga D, Oguta J, Kibe P, Asiki G. Effectiveness of integrated chronic care models for cardiometabolic multimorbidity in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073652. [PMID: 37369405 PMCID: PMC10410889 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review aimed at identifying the elements of integrated care models for cardiometabolic multimorbidity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and their effects on clinical or mental health outcomes including systolic blood pressure (SBP), blood sugar, depression scores and other patient-reported outcomes such as quality of life and medication adherence. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. DATA SOURCES We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Global Health CINAHL, African Journals Online, Informit, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, Pan African Clinical Trials Registry and grey literature from OpenSIGLE for studies published between 1999 and 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES We included randomised controlled trial studies featuring integrated care models with two or more elements of Wagner's chronic care model. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two independent reviewers used standardised methods to search and screen included studies. Publication bias was assessed using the Doi plot and Luis Furuya Kanamori Index. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models. RESULTS In all, we included 10 randomised controlled trials from 11 publications with 4864 participants from six SSA countries (South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, Eswatini, Ghana and Uganda). The overall quality of evidence based on GRADE criteria was moderate. A random-effects meta-analysis of six studies involving 1754 participants shows that integrated compared with standard care conferred a moderately lower mean SBP (mean difference=-4.85 mm Hg, 95% CI -7.37 to -2.34) for people with cardiometabolic multimorbidity; Hedges' g effect size (g=-0.25, (-0.39 to -0.11). However, integrated care compared with usual care showed mixed results for glycated haemoglobin, depression, medication adherence and quality of life. CONCLUSION Integrated care improved SBP among patients living with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in SSA. More studies on integrated care are required to improve the evidence pool on chronic care models for multimorbidity in SSA. These include implementation studies and cost-effectiveness studies. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020187756.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Otieno
- Chronic Disease Management Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Public & Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), AHTC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public & Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hesborn Wao
- Research and Related Capacity Strengthening, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elvis Wambiya
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- African Network of Research Scientists, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maurine Ng'oda
- Emerging and Re-emerging infectious Diseases Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Mwanga
- Chronic Disease Management Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Oguta
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- African Network of Research Scientists, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter Kibe
- Chronic Disease Management Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
- African Network of Research Scientists, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gershim Asiki
- Chronic Disease Management Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
- Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mougharbel F, Chaput JP, Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Hamilton HA, Colman I, Leatherdale ST, Goldfield GS. Heavy social media use and psychological distress among adolescents: the moderating role of sex, age, and parental support. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1190390. [PMID: 37397708 PMCID: PMC10310995 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1190390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite increasing evidence that social media use is associated with adolescents' mental well-being, little is known about the role of various factors in modifying the effect of this association during adolescence. This study examined the association between social media use and psychological distress among adolescents and explored whether sex, age, and parental support moderate this association. Methods Data came from a representative sample of middle and high school students in Ontario, Canada. Cross-sectional analyses included 6,822 students derived from the 2019 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey. Results Our results showed that 48% of adolescents used social media for 3 h or more per day, and 43.7% had moderate to severe psychological distress, with a higher prevalence among females (54%) than males (31%). After adjustment for relevant covariates, heavy social media use (≥3 h/day) was associated with increased odds of severe psychological distress [odds ratio (OR): 2.01; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.59-2.55]. The association of social media use with psychological distress was modified by age (p < 0.05) but not sex or parental support. The association was stronger among younger adolescents. Conclusion Heavy social media use is associated with higher levels of psychological distress, with younger adolescents being the most vulnerable. Longitudinal studies are recommended for future research to examine in more depth the role of sex, age, and parental support in the association between social media use and psychological distress to better determine the strength and of the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mougharbel
- School of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hayley A. Hamilton
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Center for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Scott T. Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Gary S. Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity Associated with Moderate and Severe Disabilities: Results from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 2 in Ghana and South Africa. Glob Heart 2023; 18:9. [PMID: 36874442 PMCID: PMC9983501 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Integrated management of cardiometabolic diseases is crucial in improving the quality of life of older persons. The objective of the study was to identify clusters of cardiometabolic multimorbidity associated with moderate and severe disabilities in Ghana and South Africa. Methods Data were from the World Health Organization (WHO) study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave-2 (2015) conducted in Ghana and South Africa. We analysed the clustering of cardiometabolic diseases including angina, stroke, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension with unrelated conditions such as asthma, chronic lung disease, arthritis, cataracts, and depression. The WHO Disability Assessment Instrument version 2.0 was used to assess functional disability. We used latent class analysis to calculate the multimorbidity classes and disability severity levels. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify the clusters of multimorbidity associated with moderate and severe disabilities. Results Data from 4,190 adults aged over 50 years were analysed. The prevalence of moderate and severe disabilities was 27.0% and 8.9% respectively. Four latent classes of multimorbidity were identified. These included a relatively healthy group with minimal cardiometabolic multimorbidity (63.5%), general and abdominal obesity (20.5%), hypertension, abdominal obesity, diabetes, cataracts, and arthritis (10.0%), and angina, chronic lung disease, asthma, and depression (6.0%). Compared to the participants with minimal cardiometabolic multimorbidity, the odds of moderate and severe disabilities were higher among participants with multimorbidity comprising hypertension, abdominal obesity, diabetes, cataract and arthritis [aOR = 3.0; 95% CI 1.6 to 5.6], and those with angina, chronic lung disease, asthma and depression [aOR = 2.7; 95% CI 1.6 to 4.5]. Conclusions Cardiometabolic diseases among older persons in Ghana and South Africa cluster in distinct multimorbidity patterns that are significant predictors of functional disabilities. This evidence may be useful for defining disability prevention strategies and long-term care for older persons living with or at risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Mumu SJ, Stanaway FF, Merom D. Rural-to-urban migration, socio-economic status and cardiovascular diseases risk factors among Bangladeshi adults: A nationwide population based survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:860927. [PMID: 37089482 PMCID: PMC10116049 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.860927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rural-to-urban migration is one of the key drivers of urbanization in Bangladesh and may impact on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk due to lifestyle changes. This study examined whether CVD risk factors were associated with migration to and duration of urban life, considering socio-economic indicators. Methods A total of 27,792 participants (18-59 years) from the 2006 Bangladesh cross-sectional Urban Health Survey were included in the analyses of whom 14,167 (M: 7,278; W: 6,889) were non-migrant urban residents and 13,625 (M: 6,413; W: 7,212) were rural-to-urban migrants. Gender-specific prevalence of CVD risk factors were estimated for urban and migrant groups. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test the association between each CVD risk by education and wealth within each study group and their possible effect modification. An analysis on the rural-to-urban migrant subgroup only was conducted to examine the association between each CVD risk factor and length of urban stay adjusted for demographic and socio-economic indicators. Results Compared to urban residents, migrants had significantly lower prevalence of overweight/obesity for both genders. Hypertension was higher among urban women while alcohol/illicit drug use was higher among urban men. Mental health disorders were higher among migrants than urban residents for both genders and no difference were noted for diabetes or cigarette smoking prevalence. In both study groups and genders, the risk of overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes increased with increasing education and wealth whereas for mental health disorders, alcohol/illicit drug use, cigarette and bidi smoking the reverse was found. Differences in BMI between migrant and urban women were attenuated with increased education levels (p = 0.014 for interaction). Consistent increasing pattern of risk was observed with longer duration of urban stay; in migrant men for obesity (OR = 1.67), smoking (OR = 1.67) and alcohol/illicit drug use (OR = 2.86), and for obesity and mental health disorder among migrant women. Conclusions Migrants had high proportion of CVD risk factors which were influenced by education, wealth and duration of urban stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Jahan Mumu
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Torrens University Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Shirin Jahan Mumu
| | - Fiona F. Stanaway
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dafna Merom
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Cai L, Wei L, Yao J, Qin Y, You Y, Xu L, Tang J, Chen W. Impact of depression on the quality of sleep and immune functions in patients with coronary artery disease. Gen Psychiatr 2022; 35:e100918. [PMID: 36688007 PMCID: PMC9806006 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2022-100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and insomnia is higher in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) than in the general population. In addition, immune inflammation may be a shared aetiological factor for mental disorders and CHD. However, it is unclear whether MDD is associated with poor sleep quality and cell-mediated immune function in patients with CHD. Aims This study investigated the impact of depression on sleep quality and cell-mediated immune functions in patients with CHD and examined discriminative factors in patients with CHD with and without MDD. Methods This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at the Zhejiang University School of Medicine affiliated with Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital. The study population consisted of 84 patients with CHD assigned to two groups based on their Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) score (CHD with MDD (HAMD score of ≥10) vs without MDD). Subjective sleep quality, systemic inflammatory response and cell-mediated immune functions were assessed in patients with CHD with (n=50) and without (n=34) MDD using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), routine blood tests and flow cytometry. The relationships between variables were ascertained using Pearson's product-moment, and linear discriminant analysis was used to explore the discriminative factors between groups. Results Patients with CHD with MDD had significantly poorer sleep quality than those without MDD (Z=-6.864, p<0.001). The Systemic Inflammation Index (SII) and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratios were higher in patients with CHD with MDD than in those without MDD (Z=-3.249, p=0.001). Patients with CHD with MDD had fewer CD3+CD8+ and CD3+ T cells (Z=3.422, p=0.001) than those without MDD (t=2.032, p=0.045). Furthermore, patients with CHD with MDD may be differentiated from those without MDD using the PSQI, SII and T-cell levels, as these variables correctly classified the depressed and non-depressed groups with an accuracy of 96.4%. Conclusions MDD may be responsible for poor sleep quality, increased cell-mediated immunity and SII in patients with CHD, which are discriminative factors for CHD in the depressive state. Clinicians should be aware of these interactions, as treatment for depressive symptoms may also improve CHD prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiashu Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yafeng You
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luoyi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Kang HS, Kim SY, Choi HG, Lim H, Kim JH, Kim JH, Cho SJ, Nam ES, Min KW, Park HY, Kim NY, Choi Y, Kwon MJ. Comparison of the Concordance of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Physical and Laboratory Examination Findings between Monozygotic and Dizygotic Korean Adult Twins: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES HTS Data. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224834. [PMID: 36432523 PMCID: PMC9693823 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) by comparing disease concordance in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. This cross-sectional study analyzed 1294 (1040 monozygotic and 254 dizygotic) twin pairs (>20 years) based on the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study data (2005−2014). The odds ratios of disease concordance were calculated using binomial and multinomial logistic regression models. The occurrence of CMDs (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, cerebral stroke, transient ischemic attack, and ischemic heart disease) and related physical and laboratory levels did not differ between the monozygotic and dizygotic twin groups. The odds for concordance of the presence/absence of CMDs and the likelihood of incident CMD within monozygotic twins were comparable to that of dizygotic twins. The absolute differences in hemoglobin A1c, insulin, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure were lower in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins. Absolute differences in fasting glucose and diastolic blood pressure did not differ between groups. Although baseline levels of several laboratory parameters related to CMD showed a strong likelihood of heritability in monozygotic twins, CMD phenotype appears to be largely affected by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Suk Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Nam
- Department of Pathology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan Young Kim
- Hallym Institute of Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Choi
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea
- Research Insititute for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Hallym University, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Yin J, Ma T, Li J, Zhang G, Cheng X, Bai Y. Association of mood disorder with cardiometabolic multimorbidity trajectory and life expectancy, a prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2022; 312:1-8. [PMID: 35690125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) including hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and stroke, are always combined with each other, leading to cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM). Mood disorder was associated with onset of CMD. However, the impact of mood disorder on the transition from single CMD to CMM was poorly understood. METHODS A total of 95,351 participants with single CMD, with median age of 59 (range 40 to 71) years from UK Biobank were enrolled at baseline. Competing risk regression models were used to estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of association between mood disorder categories and progress from single CMD to CMM. Association of mood disorder with mortality, and life expectancy differences were also calculated by flexible parametric proportion-hazard models. RESULTS Relative associations were observed between mood disorder and the progress from first onset of CMD to CMM. Adjusted HRs for progress to CMM from those with comorbid CMD plus depression or bipolar were increased (depression: 1.23 [1.19 1.27]; bipolar: 1.47 [1.31 1.66]), compared with those with the sole CMD. Mood disorder also had impact on all-cause mortality (depression: 1.17 [1.10 1.24]; bipolar: 2.03 [1.74 2.32]) and reduced life expectancy estimates for those with single CMD. LIMITATIONS This cohort primarily comprises White individuals. Covariates only measured at baseline and assumed unchanged during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Mood disorder conferred greater hazard on the CMM and mortality outcome. This study highlighted the importance of depression and bipolar in disease progression, from single CMD, to multimorbidity or mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Yin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianqi Ma
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xunjie Cheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yongping Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Lane MM, Gamage E, Travica N, Dissanayaka T, Ashtree DN, Gauci S, Lotfaliany M, O’Neil A, Jacka FN, Marx W. Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:2568. [PMID: 35807749 PMCID: PMC9268228 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since previous meta-analyses, which were limited only to depression and by a small number of studies available for inclusion at the time of publication, several additional studies have been published assessing the link between ultra-processed food consumption and depression as well as other mental disorders. We aimed to build on previously conducted reviews to synthesise and meta-analyse the contemporary evidence base and clarify the associations between the consumption of ultra-processed food and mental disorders. A total of 17 observational studies were included (n = 385,541); 15 cross-sectional and 2 prospective. Greater ultra-processed food consumption was cross-sectionally associated with increased odds of depressive and anxiety symptoms, both when these outcomes were assessed together (common mental disorder symptoms odds ratio: 1.53, 95%CI 1.43 to 1.63) as well as separately (depressive symptoms odds ratio: 1.44, 95%CI 1.14 to 1.82; and, anxiety symptoms odds ratio: 1.48, 95%CI 1.37 to 1.59). Furthermore, a meta-analysis of prospective studies demonstrated that greater ultra-processed food intake was associated with increased risk of subsequent depression (hazard ratio: 1.22, 95%CI 1.16 to 1.28). While we found evidence for associations between ultra-processed food consumption and adverse mental health, further rigorously designed prospective and experimental studies are needed to better understand causal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. Lane
- Food & Mood Centre, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.G.); (N.T.); (T.D.); (D.N.A.); (S.G.); (M.L.); (A.O.); (F.N.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Elizabeth Gamage
- Food & Mood Centre, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.G.); (N.T.); (T.D.); (D.N.A.); (S.G.); (M.L.); (A.O.); (F.N.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Nikolaj Travica
- Food & Mood Centre, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.G.); (N.T.); (T.D.); (D.N.A.); (S.G.); (M.L.); (A.O.); (F.N.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Thusharika Dissanayaka
- Food & Mood Centre, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.G.); (N.T.); (T.D.); (D.N.A.); (S.G.); (M.L.); (A.O.); (F.N.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Deborah N. Ashtree
- Food & Mood Centre, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.G.); (N.T.); (T.D.); (D.N.A.); (S.G.); (M.L.); (A.O.); (F.N.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Sarah Gauci
- Food & Mood Centre, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.G.); (N.T.); (T.D.); (D.N.A.); (S.G.); (M.L.); (A.O.); (F.N.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Mojtaba Lotfaliany
- Food & Mood Centre, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.G.); (N.T.); (T.D.); (D.N.A.); (S.G.); (M.L.); (A.O.); (F.N.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Adrienne O’Neil
- Food & Mood Centre, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.G.); (N.T.); (T.D.); (D.N.A.); (S.G.); (M.L.); (A.O.); (F.N.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Felice N. Jacka
- Food & Mood Centre, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.G.); (N.T.); (T.D.); (D.N.A.); (S.G.); (M.L.); (A.O.); (F.N.J.); (W.M.)
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Food & Mood Centre, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.G.); (N.T.); (T.D.); (D.N.A.); (S.G.); (M.L.); (A.O.); (F.N.J.); (W.M.)
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Dietary inflammation score is associated with perceived stress, depression, and cardiometabolic health risk factors among a young adult cohort of women. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:470-477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gong L, Ma T, He L, Lin G, Zhang G, Cheng X, Luo F, Bai Y. Association between single and multiple cardiometabolic diseases and depression: A cross-sectional study of 391,083 participants from the UK biobank. Front Public Health 2022; 10:904876. [PMID: 35991068 PMCID: PMC9386503 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.904876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individual cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are associated with an increased risk of depression, but it's unclear whether having more than one CMD is associated with accumulative effects on depression. We aimed to assess the associations between CMDs and depression and determine the accumulative extent. Methods In this cross-sectional study based on UK Biobank, participants with available information on CMDs and depression were enrolled. The history of CMDs was derived from self-reported medical history and electrical health-related records. Depression status was assessed by the aggregation of self-reported history and antidepressant use, depression (Smith), and hospital inpatient diagnoses. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess the association between the number or specific patterns of CMDs and depression and to test the accumulative effect of CMD number, adjusting for confounding factors. Results 391,083 participants were enrolled in our analyses. After multivariable adjustments, CMDs of different number or patterns were associated with a higher risk of depression compared with the reference group (all P < 0.001). In the full-adjusted model, participants with one [odds ratio (OR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23-1.29], two (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.44-1.56), and three or more (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.97-2.30) CMD(s) had an increased risk of depression. A significant, accumulative dose-related relationship between the number of CMDs and depression was observed (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.24-1.27). The dose-dependent accumulative relationship was consistent in stratified analyses and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions CMDs were associated with a higher risk of depression, and there was an accumulative relationship between CMD number and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianqi Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingfang He
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guoqiang Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xunjie Cheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fanyan Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongping Bai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Coronary Circulation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Montgomery RM, Boucher EM, Honomichl RD, Powell TA, Guyton SL, Bernecker SL, Stoeckl SE, Parks AC. The Effects of a Digital Mental Health Intervention in Adults With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Analysis of Real-World User Data. JMIR Cardio 2021; 5:e32351. [PMID: 34806986 PMCID: PMC8663463 DOI: 10.2196/32351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The American Heart Association has identified poor mental health as a key barrier to healthy behavior change for those with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Digital mental health interventions, like those delivered via the internet to computers or smartphones, may provide a scalable solution to improving the mental and physical health of this population. Happify is one such intervention and has demonstrated evidence of efficacy for improving aspects of mental health in both the general population and in users with chronic conditions. Objective The objectives of this analysis of real-world data from Happify users with self-reported CVD risk factors, including high blood pressure and cholesterol, diabetes, and heart disease, were to examine whether these users would report improvements in subjective well-being and anxiety over time (H1) and use of Happify as recommended would be associated with significantly greater improvement in subjective well-being and anxiety over time compared to less-than-recommended usage (H2). Methods Data were obtained from existing Happify users who reported the aforementioned CVD risk factors. The sample included 1803 users receiving at least 6 weeks’ exposure to Happify (ranging from 42 days to 182 days) who completed at least one activity and two assessments within the app during that time. Subjective well-being was assessed with the Happify Scale, a 9-item measure of positive emotionality and life satisfaction, and anxiety was assessed with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2 (GAD-2). To evaluate H1, changes over time in both outcomes were assessed using mixed effects linear regression models, controlling for demographics and usage. For H2, an interaction term was added to the models to assess whether usage as recommended was associated with greater improvement over time. Results Both hypotheses were supported. For both the Happify scale and GAD-2, the initial multivariable model without an interaction demonstrated an effect for time from baseline, and the addition of the interaction term between time and recommended use was significant as well. Conclusions This analysis of real-world data provides preliminary evidence that Happify users with self-reported CVD risk factors including high blood pressure or cholesterol, diabetes, and heart disease experienced improved well-being and anxiety over time and that those who used Happify as recommended experienced greater improvements in these aspects of mental health than those who completed fewer activities. These findings extend previous research, which demonstrated that engagement with Happify as recommended was associated with improved well-being among physically healthy users and in those with chronic conditions, to a new population for whom mental health is especially critical: those at risk of developing CVD.
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Lewis-de los Angeles WW, Liu RT. History of Depression, Elevated Body Mass Index, and Waist-to-Height Ratio in Preadolescent Children. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:1075-1081. [PMID: 34267084 PMCID: PMC8578339 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate whether a history of depression or self-injurious thoughts and behaviors predict elevated body mass index (BMI) and elevated waist-to-height ratio in preadolescents. METHODS Baseline data were evaluated from a large, nationally representative cohort study of 9- and 10-year-old children (unweighted n = 11,875), the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study. RESULTS In the weighted sample, 10.6% of children had a history of depression, 7.0% had engaged in nonsuicidal self-injury, 13.1% had experienced suicidal ideation in their lifetime, and 1.1% had a history of attempted suicide. Among the children, 34.1% had an elevated BMI in the overweight or obese range and 31.9% had a waist-to-height ratio >0.5. In multivariate analyses, history of depression was associated with elevated BMI and waist-to-height ratio. Furthermore, interactions with sex were found; girls with a history of depression were more likely to have an elevated BMI (odds ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval = 1.24-1.74) and elevated waist-to-height ratio (odds ratio = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.18-1.86) than girls without a history of depression, but no differences were observed between boys with and without a history of depression. Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors were not associated with elevated BMI or elevated waist-to-height. CONCLUSIONS In this study, 9- and 10-year-old girls with a history of depression were more likely to have an elevated BMI and elevated waist-to-height ratio than girls with no history of depression. These results provide important clinical context in caring for preadolescents with a history of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W. Lewis-de los Angeles
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Riverside, Rhode Island
| | - Richard T. Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Oude Voshaar RC, Aprahamian I, Borges MK, van den Brink RHS, Marijnissen RM, Hoogendijk EO, van Munster B, Jeuring HW. Excess mortality in depressive and anxiety disorders: The Lifelines Cohort Study. Eur Psychiatry 2021; 64:e54. [PMID: 34462033 PMCID: PMC8446070 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To examine the mortality risk of current and life-time depressive as well as anxiety disorders, whether this risk is moderated by sex or age, and whether this risk can be explained by lifestyle and/or somatic health status. Methods A cohort study (Lifelines) including 141,377 participants (18–93 years) which were followed-up regarding mortality for 8.6 years (range 3.0–13.7). Baseline depressive and anxiety disorders according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition criteria were assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and lifetime diagnoses by self-report. All-cause mortality was retrieved from Statistics Netherlands. Cox-regression was applied to calculate proportional hazard ratios, adjusted for lifestyle (physical activity, alcohol use, smoking, and body mass index) and somatic health status (multimorbidity and frailty) in different models. Results The mortality rate of depressive and anxiety disorders was conditional upon age but not on sex. Only in people below 60 years, current depressive and anxiety disorders were associated with mortality. Only depressive disorder and panic disorder independently predicted mortality when all mental disorders were included simultaneously in one overall model (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.18 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.56–3.05], p < 0.001 and HR = 2.39 [95% CI: 1.15–4.98], p = 0.020). Life-time depressive and anxiety disorders, however, were independent of each other associated with mortality. Associations hardly changed when adjusted for lifestyle characteristics but decreased substantially when adjusted for somatic health status (in particular physical frailty). Conclusions In particular, depressive disorder is associated with excess mortality in people below 60 years, independent of their lifestyle. This effect seems partly explained by multimorbidity and frailty, which suggest that chronic disease management of depression-associated somatic morbidity needs to be (further) improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Oude Voshaar
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I Aprahamian
- Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Internal Medicine Department, Group of Investigation on Multimorbidity and Mental Health in Aging (GIMMA), Jundiaí, Brazil
| | - M K Borges
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - R H S van den Brink
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R M Marijnissen
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E O Hoogendijk
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC - location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B van Munster
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H W Jeuring
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Wagnild JM, Pollard TM. How is television time linked to cardiometabolic health in adults? A critical systematic review of the evidence for an effect of watching television on eating, movement, affect and sleep. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e040739. [PMID: 33952532 PMCID: PMC8103379 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve our understanding of how television (TV) time is linked to cardiometabolic health among adults by systematically and critically evaluating the evidence that watching TV is associated with increased food consumption, lack of movement or negative affect or affects subsequent sleep. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Web of Science and PubMed. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies that provided quantitative evidence on short-term associations of watching TV with dietary intake, characteristics of sitting, affect and sleep among samples of healthy adults (≥18 years old). DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Study quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tools; studies deemed to be of low quality were excluded from the review. Due to heterogeneity of study designs and measurements, the findings were synthesised using narrative summary accompanied by custom plots. RESULTS We identified 31 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Most of the associations reported by the studies included in this review were weak or inconsistent. There was no strong evidence to suggest that food consumption is higher while watching TV than in other contexts or that TV is a particularly 'sedentary' behaviour. Affect was less likely to be positive while watching TV than in other contexts but was not more likely to be negative. Two small studies suggest that TV may impact sleep via suppressing melatonin and delaying bedtime. CONCLUSION There is currently no strong evidence to suggest that TV might impact cardiometabolic health via increasing food consumption, being linked with prolonged/inactive sitting, affect or subsequent sleep. Additional research is required to understand how TV fits within everyday lives and relates to eating, sitting, affect and sleep to improve our understanding of how it might impact cardiometabolic health.
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23
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Scherrer JF, Salas J, Cohen BE, Schnurr PP, Schneider FD, Chard KM, Tuerk P, Friedman MJ, Norman SB, van den Berk‐Clark C, Lustman PJ. Comorbid Conditions Explain the Association Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Incident Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011133. [PMID: 30755078 PMCID: PMC6405681 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) is associated with risk of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ). Biopsychosocial factors associated with PTSD likely account for some or all of this association. We determined whether 1, or a combination of comorbid conditions explained the association between PTSD and incident CVD . Methods and Results Eligible patients used 1 of 5 Veterans Health Affairs medical centers distributed across the United States. Data were obtained from electronic health records. At index date, 2519 Veterans Health Affairs ( VA ) patients, 30 to 70 years of age, had PTSD diagnoses and 1659 did not. Patients had no CVD diagnoses for 12 months before index date. Patients could enter the cohort between 2008 and 2012 with follow-up until 2015. Age-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were computed before and after adjusting for comorbidities. Patients were middle aged (mean=50.1 years, SD ±11.0), mostly male (87.0%), and 60% were white. The age-adjusted association between PTSD and incident CVD was significant (hazard ratio=1.41; 95% CI : 1.21-1.63). After adjustment for metabolic conditions, the association between PTSD and incident CVD was attenuated but remained significant (hazard ratio=1.23; 95% CI : 1.06-1.44). After additional adjustment for smoking, sleep disorder, substance use disorder, anxiety disorders, and depression, PTSD was not associated with incident CVD (hazard ratio=0.96; 95% CI : 0.81-1.15). Conclusions PTSD is not an independent risk factor for CVD . Physical and psychiatric conditions and smoking that co-occur with PTSD explain why this patient population has an increased risk of CVD . Careful monitoring may limit exposure to CVD risk factors and subsequent incident CVD .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey F. Scherrer
- Department of Family and Community MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO
- Harry S. Truman Veterans Administration Medical Center Research ServiceColumbiaMO
| | - Joanne Salas
- Department of Family and Community MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO
- Harry S. Truman Veterans Administration Medical Center Research ServiceColumbiaMO
| | - Beth E. Cohen
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San Francisco School of Medicine and San Francisco VAMCSan FranciscoCA
| | - Paula P. Schnurr
- National Center for PTSD and Department of PsychiatryGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthDarmouthHanover, NH
| | - F. David Schneider
- Department of Family and Community MedicineUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTX
| | - Kathleen M. Chard
- Trauma Recovery Center Cincinnati VAMC and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeuroscienceUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH
| | - Peter Tuerk
- Sheila C. Johnson Center for Clinical ServicesDepartment of Human ServicesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
| | - Matthew J. Friedman
- National Center for PTSD and Department of PsychiatryGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthDarmouthHanover, NH
| | - Sonya B. Norman
- National Center for PTSD and Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoCA
| | | | - Patrick J. Lustman
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO
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24
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Gallo LC, Fortmann AL, Bravin JI, Clark TL, Savin KL, Ledesma DL, Euyoque J, Sandoval H, Roesch SC, Gilmer T, Talavera GA, Philis-Tsimikas A. My Bridge (Mi Puente), a care transitions intervention for Hispanics/Latinos with multimorbidity and behavioral health concerns: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:174. [PMID: 32051005 PMCID: PMC7014646 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multimorbidity affects four of ten US adults and eight of ten adults ages 65 years and older, and frequently includes both cardiometabolic conditions and behavioral health concerns. Hispanics/Latinos (hereafter, Latinos) and other ethnic minorities are more vulnerable to these conditions, and face structural, social, and cultural barriers to obtaining quality physical and behavioral healthcare. We report the protocol for a randomized controlled trial that will compare Mi Puente (My Bridge), a cost-efficient care transitions intervention conducted by a specially trained Behavioral Health Nurse and Volunteer Community Mentor team, to usual care or best-practice discharge approaches, in reducing hospital utilization and improving patient reported outcomes in Latino adults with multiple cardiometabolic conditions and behavioral health concerns. The study will examine the degree to which Mi Puente produces superior reductions in hospital utilization at 30 and 180 days (primary aim) and better patient-reported outcomes (quality of life/physical health; barriers to healthcare; engagement with outpatient care; patient activation; resources for chronic disease management), and will examine the cost effectiveness of the Mi Puente intervention relative to usual care. Methods Participants are enrolled as inpatients at a South San Diego safety net hospital, using information from electronic medical records and in-person screenings. After providing written informed consent and completing self-report assessments, participants randomized to usual care receive best-practice discharge processes, which include educational materials, assistance with outpatient appointments, referrals to community-based providers, and other assistance (e.g., with billing, insurance) as required. Those randomized to Mi Puente receive usual-care materials and processes, along with inpatient visits and up to 4 weeks of follow-up phone calls from the intervention team to address their integrated physical-behavioral health needs and support the transition to outpatient care. Discussion The Mi Puente Behavioral Health Nurse and Volunteer Community Mentor team intervention is proposed as a cost-effective and culturally appropriate care transitions intervention for Latinos with multimorbidity and behavioral health concerns. If shown to be effective, close linkages with outpatient healthcare and community organizations will help maximize uptake, dissemination, and scaling of the Mi Puente intervention. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02723019. Registered on 30 March 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego CA, USA.
| | - Addie L Fortmann
- Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute, Scripps Health, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Julia I Bravin
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Taylor L Clark
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly L Savin
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Johanna Euyoque
- Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute, Scripps Health, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Haley Sandoval
- Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute, Scripps Health, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Scott C Roesch
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego CA, USA
| | - Todd Gilmer
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
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Carneiro-Barrera A, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Sáez-Roca G, Martín-Carrasco C, R. Ruiz J, Buela-Casal G. Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea before and after Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: The ADIPOSA Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122099. [PMID: 31805748 PMCID: PMC6947599 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and treatment response of depression and anxiety symptoms in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), although widely addressed in research and clinical settings, still remain unclear due to overlapping symptoms. The ADIPOSA study sought to elucidate the presence of non-overlapping symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with moderate to severe OSA before and after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Forty-eight adults aged 18-80 (68.75% men) with moderate to severe OSA were enrolled in this twelve-week longitudinal single-arm trial and completed a full-night ambulatory sleep diagnostic test and an assessment of cognitive-affective depression and anxiety symptoms using the Beck-Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS), the State-Trait Depression Inventory (IDER) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). We found no cognitive-affective depression or anxiety symptoms of clinical relevance at baseline. The amelioration of depression and anxiety symptoms after CPAP use was only statistically significant when considering anxiety-trait (p < 0.01; d = 0.296) and euthymia (p < 0.05; d = 0.402), the distinctive component of depression. Although dysthymia or high negative affect remained unchanged, CPAP may be effective at reducing the lack of positive affect, a well-established health-protective factor. However, not until depression and anxiety disorders related to OSA are accurately measured in clinical and research settings will it be possible to obtain robust conclusions on the occurrence and amelioration of these symptoms after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Carneiro-Barrera
- Sleep and Health Promotion Laboratory, Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Germán Sáez-Roca
- Unidad de Trastornos Respiratorios del Sueño, Servicio de Neumología, “Virgen de las Nieves” University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (G.S.-R.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Carlos Martín-Carrasco
- Unidad de Trastornos Respiratorios del Sueño, Servicio de Neumología, “Virgen de las Nieves” University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain; (G.S.-R.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Gualberto Buela-Casal
- Sleep and Health Promotion Laboratory, Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
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Salas J, van den Berk-Clark C, Skiöld-Hanlin S, Schneider FD, Scherrer JF. Adverse childhood experiences, depression, and cardiometabolic disease in a nationally representative sample. J Psychosom Res 2019; 127:109842. [PMID: 31671348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and depression are both independently associated with increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective was to determine if the association of ACEs, examined with Latent Class Analysis (LCA), with CVD and diabetes was stronger in patients with versus without depression. METHODS Participants were 78,435 non-institutionalized adults in the United States completing the ACEs module in the 2011-2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. LCA grouped participants into ACE classes. Respondents self-reported ACEs and lifetime depression, diabetes and CVD. Complex survey weighted logistic regression models assessed the relationships between ACEs, diabetes, and CVD overall and in those with and without depression. RESULTS Half of participants were female (48.6%) and 82.3% White, non-Hispanic. LCA identified a four-class solution characterized as 'low adversity', 'verbal/physical abuse', 'sexual abuse', and 'high adversity'. The odds ratios for each ACE class and diabetes were similar in those with and without depression. An overall adjusted model showed that 'sexual abuse' versus 'low adversity' was significantly associated with diabetes (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.05-1.61). Effect modification was present for CVD such that among those with depression, but not among those without, 'high adversity' had over two times the odds of CVD than 'low adversity' (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.06-2.93). CONCLUSIONS 'High adversity' in those with but not without depression is positively associated with CVD. 'Sexual abuse' is positively associated with diabetes independent of depression. The study is relevant to trauma-informed care and highlights the contribution of ACEs and depression to poor health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Salas
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States.
| | - Carissa van den Berk-Clark
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Sarah Skiöld-Hanlin
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - F David Schneider
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey F Scherrer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
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27
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Magnusson Hanson LL, Rod NH, Vahtera J, Peristera P, Pentti J, Rugulies R, Madsen IEH, LaMontagne AD, Milner A, Lange T, Suominen S, Stenholm S, Xu T, Kivimäki M, Westerlund H. Multicohort study of change in job strain, poor mental health and incident cardiometabolic disease. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:785-792. [PMID: 31488605 PMCID: PMC6839729 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several recent large-scale studies have indicated a prospective association between job strain and coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Job strain is also associated with poorer mental health, a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. This study investigates the prospective relationships between change in job strain, poor mental health and cardiometabolic disease, and whether poor mental health is a potential mediator of the relationship between job strain and cardiometabolic disease. METHODS We used data from five cohort studies from Australia, Finland, Sweden and UK, including 47 757 men and women. Data on job strain across two measurements 1-5 years apart (time 1 (T1)-time 2 (T2)) were used to define increase or decrease in job strain. Poor mental health (symptoms in the top 25% of the distribution of the scales) at T2 was considered a potential mediator in relation to incident cardiometabolic disease, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, following T2 for a mean of 5-18 years. RESULTS An increase in job strain was associated with poor mental health (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.76), and a decrease in job strain was associated with lower risk in women (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.60-0.84). However, no clear association was observed between poor mental health and incident cardiometabolic disease (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.96-1.23), nor between increase (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.90-1.14) and decrease (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.96-1.22) in job strain and cardiometabolic disease. CONCLUSIONS The results did not support that change in job strain is a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease and yielded no support for poor mental health as a mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Social Medicine Section, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Social Medicine Section, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- McCaughey Centre, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Population Health Strategic Research Centre, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allison Milner
- Disability and Health Unit, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Theis Lange
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sakari Suominen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tianwei Xu
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Social Medicine Section, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hugo Westerlund
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Scherrer JF, Salas J, Norman SB, Schnurr PP, Chard KM, Tuerk P, Schneider FD, van den Berk-Clark C, Cohen BE, Friedman MJ, Lustman PJ. Association Between Clinically Meaningful Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Improvement and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:1159-1166. [PMID: 31433443 PMCID: PMC6704751 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Improvement in PTSD has been associated with improved self-reported physical health and hypertension; however, there is no literature, to our knowledge, on whether PTSD improvement is associated with T2D risk. OBJECTIVE To examine whether clinically meaningful PTSD symptom reduction is associated with lower risk of T2D. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study examined Veterans Health Affairs medical record data from 5916 patients who received PTSD specialty care between fiscal years 2008 and 2012 and were followed up through fiscal year 2015. Eligible patients had 1 or more PTSD Checklist (PCL) scores of 50 or higher between fiscal years 2008 and 2012 and a second PCL score within the following 12 months and at least 8 weeks after the first PCL score of 50 or higher. The index date was 12 months after the first PCL score. Patients were free of T2D diagnosis or an antidiabetic medication use for 12 months before the index date and had at least 1 visit after the index date. Data analyses were completed during January 2019. EXPOSURES Reduction in PCL scores during a 12-month period was used to define patients as those with a clinically meaningful improvement (≥20-point PCL score decrease) and patients with less or no improvement (<20-point PCL score decrease). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident T2D diagnosed during a 2- to 6-year follow-up. RESULTS Medical records from a total of 1598 patients (mean [SD] age, 42.1 [13.4] years; 1347 [84.3%] male; 1060 [66.3%] white) were studied. The age-adjusted cumulative incidence of T2D was 2.6% among patients with a clinically meaningful PCL score decrease and 5.9% among patients without a clinically meaningful PCL score decrease (P = .003). After control for confounding, patients with a clinically meaningful PCL score decrease were significantly less likely to develop T2DM compared with those without a clinically meaningful decrease (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.26-0.98). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings suggest that clinically meaningful reductions in PTSD symptoms are associated with a lower risk of T2D. A decrease in PCL score, whether through treatment or spontaneous improvement, may help mitigate the greater risk of T2D in patients with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey F. Scherrer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri,Harry S. Truman Veterans Administration Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Joanne Salas
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri,Harry S. Truman Veterans Administration Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Sonya B. Norman
- National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs (VA) Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
| | - Paula P. Schnurr
- National Center for PTSD, Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Kathleen M. Chard
- Trauma Recovery Center, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Cincinnati, Ohio,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Peter Tuerk
- Sheila C. Johnson Center for Clinical Services, Department of Human Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - F. David Schneider
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Carissa van den Berk-Clark
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Beth E. Cohen
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco,San Francisco VAMC, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew J. Friedman
- National Center for PTSD, Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Patrick J. Lustman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri,The Bell Street Clinic Opioid Treatment Program, Mental Health Service, VA St Louis Health Care System, St Louis, Missouri
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Stanton R, Rosenbaum S, Rebar A, Happell B. Prevalence of Chronic Health Conditions in Australian Adults with Depression and/or Anxiety. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2019; 40:902-907. [PMID: 31283353 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2019.1613701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The association between psychotic illness and poor physical health is now clearly articulated in the literature. By contrast the impact of depression and/or anxiety on physical health is considerably less understood, despite depression being the leading cause of disability worldwide and is associated with significantly higher prevalence of physical comorbidities than found in the general population. An Australia national cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of chronic physical health conditions in persons with, and without depression and/or anxiety, allowing for demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors. The telephone-based survey was conducted using trained interviewers. Survey questions included those eliciting information about demographics, health status, and health behaviours. Independent t-tests and chi square tests showed demographic, health behaviours, and physical illness differed between those with and without depression and/or anxiety. Heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, cancer, arthritis, chronic neck and/or back pain, and asthma were significantly higher in participants diagnosed with depression and/or anxiety. Binary logistic regression showed the strongest predictor of chronic illness was having a diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety. Depression and anxiety present major health problems impacting a considerable proportion of the population. A greater understanding of the associated physical health issues should provide impetus to broaden the physical health and mental illness research agenda to include these diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stanton
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia.,Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.,Black Dog Institute , Sydney , Australia
| | - Amanda Rebar
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia.,Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Brenda Happell
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle , Newcastle , Australia
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30
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Abstract
AIMS The goals of the present study were to examine the associations between depressive symptoms, sleep problems and the risk of developing heart disease in a Canadian community sample. METHODS Baseline data were from the CARTaGENE study, a community health survey of adults aged 40-69 years in Quebec, Canada. Incidence of heart disease was examined in N = 33 455 participants by linking survey data with administrative health insurance data. Incident heart disease was identified using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases, 9th or 10th edition (ICD-9 and ICD-10) diagnostic codes for heart disease. Sleep problems were assessed with diagnostic codes for sleep disorders within the 2 years preceding the baseline assessment. Average sleep duration was assessed by self-report. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. RESULTS In total, 2448 (7.3%) participants developed heart disease over an average follow-up period of 4.6 years. Compared to those without depressive symptoms and with no sleep disorders, those with elevated depressive symptoms and a sleep disorder (HR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.83-3.69), those with depressive symptoms alone (HR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.25-1.57) and those with sleep disorders alone (HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.03-1.73) were more likely to develop heart disease. Test of additive interaction suggested a synergistic interaction between depressive symptoms and sleep disorders (synergy index = 2.17 [95% CI 1.01-4.64]). When sleep duration was considered, those with long sleep duration and elevated depressive symptoms were more likely to develop heart disease than those with long sleep alone (HR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.37-2.28; and HR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.99-1.36, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Depression and diagnosed sleep disorders or long sleep duration are independent risk factors for heart disease and are associated with a stronger risk of heart disease when occurring together.
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van Dammen L, Bush NR, de Rooij SR, Mol BWJ, Groen H, Hoek A, Roseboom TJ. Childhood adversity and women's cardiometabolic health in adulthood: associations with health behaviors, psychological distress, mood symptoms, and personality. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2019; 19:102. [PMID: 31337378 PMCID: PMC6652022 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We tested whether childhood adversity is associated with poor cardiometabolic health in adulthood among a sample of overweight or obese Dutch women of reproductive age. Health behaviors, psychological distress, mood symptoms, or personality traits were included as potential mediators. METHODS Data came from a follow-up visit (N = 115), carried out in 2016/2017, of a randomized controlled lifestyle intervention trial in 577 obese infertile women. The associations between total adversity exposure score and cardiometabolic health were tested with regression models. Sleep, smoking and eating behavior, symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, and personality traits were potential mediators. RESULTS Childhood adversity scores were not associated with cardiometabolic outcomes but were associated with poorer sleep quality score (M = 7.2 (SD = 3.5) for those with ≥2 types of events versus 4.8 (2.9) for those with no events; p = 0.022), higher external eating score (26.4 (8.7) versus 21.8 (10.3); p = 0.038), higher perceived stress score (17.1 (6.8) versus 12.3 (4.5); p = 0.016), post-traumatic stress score (1.9 (1.5) versus 0.6 (1.1); p < 0.001), and lower agreeableness score (28.2 (4.2) versus 30.3 (3.1); p = 0.035). CONCLUSION Childhood adversity was associated with poorer health behaviors including sleep and eating behavior, and more stress-related symptoms, but not with women's cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte van Dammen
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA. .,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Division of Developmental Medicine, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susanne R de Rooij
- Departments of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Willem J Mol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henk Groen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Hoek
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- Departments of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Stanton R, Rebar A, Rosenbaum S. Exercise and mental health literacy in an Australian adult population. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:465-472. [PMID: 30328662 DOI: 10.1002/da.22851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is a well-established treatment for depression, and its use in clinical care is supported by consumers and clinicians. However, whether public health messages regarding the benefits of exercise for depression have translated to public knowledge remains unknown. This study aims to examine the community's mental health literacy, and views regarding exercise delivery for people with depression. METHODS A vignette was presented as part of the telephone-based 2017 National Social Survey (n = 1,265). Interviewees identified what (if anything) was wrong with the person described, who they should seek help from, whether exercise might be beneficial, and how exercise should be delivered for the person described in the vignette. Results are reported using descriptive statistics. RESULTS From 1,265 respondents (response rate = 24%, n = 598 males, mean age 54.7 years [range 18-101]), almost two-thirds correctly identified the condition described in the vignette as depression. There was widespread support for seeking help from a general practitioner. Exercise was well supported in the treatment of the person described in the vignette, with general practitioners and accredited exercise physiologists highlighted as persons to consult regarding exercise. Views regarding the type of program were consistent with current best practice recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Australian adults demonstrate a high level of exercise and mental health literacy. The high level of support for accredited exercise physiologists is evidence of the effectiveness of health promotion campaigns from peak exercise professional agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stanton
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda Rebar
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Black Dog Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Stanczykiewicz B, Banik A, Knoll N, Keller J, Hohl DH, Rosińczuk J, Luszczynska A. Sedentary behaviors and anxiety among children, adolescents and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:459. [PMID: 31039760 PMCID: PMC6492316 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the number of studies examining the relationships between sedentary behaviors (SB) and anxiety is growing, an overarching evidence, taking into account children, adolescents, and adults as well as different types of SB and different categories of anxiety outcomes, is still missing. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at obtaining a comprehensive overview of existing evidence. Methods A search in the following databases: PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Academic Search Complete, ERIC, HealthSource: Nursing/Academic Edition and MEDLINE, resulted in k = 31 original studies included in the systematic review (total N = 99,192) and k = 17 (total N = 27,443) included in the meta-analysis. Main inclusion criteria referred to testing the SB--anxiety relationship, the quality score (above the threshold of 65%), and the language of publications (English). The study was following the PRISMA statement and was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42017068517). Results Both the systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that overall average effects were small: higher levels of symptoms of anxiety were associated with higher levels of SB (weighted r = .093, 95% CI [.055, .130], p < .001). Moderator analyses indicated that trends for stronger effects were observed among adults, compared to children/adolescents (p = .085). Conclusions Further longitudinal studies are necessary to elucidate the predictive direction of the anxiety—SB relationship and to clarify whether the effects depend on the type of anxiety indicators. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6715-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Stanczykiewicz
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5 Street, 51-618, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Banik
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ostrowskiego 30b Street, 53-238, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nina Knoll
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Keller
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Hilda Hohl
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joanna Rosińczuk
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5 Street, 51-618, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Luszczynska
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ostrowskiego 30b Street, 53-238, Wroclaw, Poland. .,Trauma, Health, & Hazards Center, University of Colorado, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA.
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Wong BCF, Chau CKL, Ao FK, Mo CH, Wong SY, Wong YH, So HC. Differential associations of depression-related phenotypes with cardiometabolic risks: Polygenic analyses and exploring shared genetic variants and pathways. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:330-344. [PMID: 30521077 DOI: 10.1002/da.22861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have suggested associations between depression and cardiometabolic (CM) diseases. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying this comorbidity, and whether the relationship differs by depression subtypes. METHODS Using polygenic risk scores (PRS) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression, we investigated the genetic overlap of various depression-related phenotypes with a comprehensive panel of 20 CM traits. GWAS results for major depressive disorder (MDD) were taken from the PGC and CONVERGE studies, with the latter focusing on severe melancholic depression. GWAS results on general depressive symptoms (DS) and neuroticism were also included. We identified the shared genetic variants and inferred enriched pathways. We also looked for drugs over-represented among the top-shared genes, with an aim to finding repositioning opportunities for comorbidities. RESULTS We found significant genetic overlap between MDD, DS, and neuroticism with cardiometabolic traits. In general, positive polygenic associations with CM abnormalities were observed except for MDD-CONVERGE. Counterintuitively, PRS representing severe melancholic depression was associated with reduced CM risks. Enrichment analyses of shared SNPs revealed many interesting pathways such as those related to inflammation that underlie the comorbidity of depressive and CM traits. Using a gene-set analysis approach, we also revealed several repositioning candidates with literature support (e.g., bupropion). CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights shared genetic bases of depression with CM traits, and suggests the associations vary by depression subtypes, which may have implications in targeted prevention of cardiovascular events for patients. Identification of shared genetic factors may also guide drug discovery for the comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Chi-Fung Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Carlos Kwan-Long Chau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Fu-Kiu Ao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk-Hei Mo
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Sze-Yung Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yui-Hang Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hon-Cheong So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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35
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Scott KM, Saha S, Lim CC, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Al-Hamzawi A, Alonso J, Benjet C, Bromet EJ, Bruffaerts R, Caldas-de-Almeida JM, de Girolamo G, de Jonge P, Degenhardt L, Florescu S, Gureje O, Haro JM, Hu C, Karam EG, Kovess-Masfety V, Lee S, Lepine JP, Mneimneh Z, Navarro-Mateu F, Piazza M, Posada-Villa J, Sampson NA, Stagnaro JC, Kessler RC, McGrath JJ. Psychotic experiences and general medical conditions: a cross-national analysis based on 28 002 respondents from 16 countries in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med 2018; 48:2730-2739. [PMID: 29478433 PMCID: PMC6109618 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work has identified associations between psychotic experiences (PEs) and general medical conditions (GMCs), but their temporal direction remains unclear as does the extent to which they are independent of comorbid mental disorders. METHODS In total, 28 002 adults in 16 countries from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys were assessed for PEs, GMCs and 21 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders. Discrete-time survival analyses were used to estimate the associations between PEs and GMCs with various adjustments. RESULTS After adjustment for comorbid mental disorders, temporally prior PEs were significantly associated with subsequent onset of 8/12 GMCs (arthritis, back or neck pain, frequent or severe headache, other chronic pain, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and peptic ulcer) with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-1.5] to 1.9 (95% CI 1.4-2.4). In contrast, only three GMCs (frequent or severe headache, other chronic pain and asthma) were significantly associated with subsequent onset of PEs after adjustment for comorbid GMCs and mental disorders, with ORs ranging from 1.5 (95% CI 1.2-1.9) to 1.7 (95% CI 1.2-2.4). CONCLUSIONS PEs were associated with the subsequent onset of a wide range of GMCs, independent of comorbid mental disorders. There were also associations between some medical conditions (particularly those involving chronic pain) and subsequent PEs. Although these findings will need to be confirmed in prospective studies, clinicians should be aware that psychotic symptoms may be risk markers for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Whether PEs are causal risk factors will require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M. Scott
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sukanta Saha
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research and Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carmen C.W. Lim
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research and Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola
- Center for Reducing Health Disparities, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ali Al-Hamzawi
- College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiya University, Diwaniya governorate, Iraq
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; and CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Corina Benjet
- Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Evelyn J. Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - José Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida
- Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health and Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Giovanni de Girolamo
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-St. John of God Clinical Research Centre, Via Pilastroni 4, Brescia, Italy
| | - Peter de Jonge
- Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, NL; Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, NL
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Silvia Florescu
- National School of Public Health, Management and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Josep M. Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiyi Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health & Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Elie G. Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Viviane Kovess-Masfety
- Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), EA 4057, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Sing Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Jean-Pierre Lepine
- Hôpital Lariboisière- Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris; Universités Paris Descartes-Paris Diderot; INSERM UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
| | - Zeina Mneimneh
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- UDIF-SM, Subdirección General de Planificación, Innovación y Cronicidad, Servicio Murciano de Salud. IMIB-Arrixaca. CIBERESP-Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Piazza
- Universidad Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru
| | - José Posada-Villa
- Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Nancy A. Sampson
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Stagnaro
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John J. McGrath
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, and Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; and National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Schaich A, Heikaus L, Assmann N, Köhne S, Jauch-Chara K, Hüppe M, Wells A, Schweiger U, Klein JP, Fassbinder E. PRO *MDD Study Protocol: Effectiveness of Outpatient Treatment Programs for Major Depressive Disorder: Metacognitive Therapy vs. Behavioral Activation a Single-Center Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:584. [PMID: 30510523 PMCID: PMC6252351 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Major depressive Disorder (MDD) is a severe mental disorder associated with considerable disability and high costs. Over the last decades, various psychotherapies for MDD have been developed and researched, among others Behavioral Activation (BA) and Metacognitive Therapy (MCT). MCT and BA target different maintaining factors of MDD and have not been compared to date. The PRO*MDD randomized controlled trial will compare MCT and BA in the routine clinical setting of an outpatient clinic. Methods and Design: We aim to recruit 128 MDD patients, who will be randomly assigned to either MCT or BA. In both conditions, patients will receive one individual therapy session and one group therapy session per week for a maximum of 6 months. Assessments will take place at baseline, pre-treatment, mid-treatment, post-treatment as well as at 12, 18, and 30 months after start of treatment as follow-up. The primary outcome is reduction of depression severity assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; secondary outcomes address quality of life, psychosocial functioning and participation as well as comorbidity. Discussion: The PRO*MDD study is the first randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of MCT and BA. The outcome of this trial will increase our knowledge on the effectiveness and applicability of both treatment modalities and therefore contribute to the improvement of treatment for depressive patients. Ethics and dissemination: The study has been reviewed and approved on 11 August 2016 by the Ethics Committee of the Lübeck University (reference number: 16-176). The results will be discussed through peer-reviewed publications. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS-ID: DRKS00011536 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schaich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Laura Heikaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nele Assmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sandra Köhne
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kamila Jauch-Chara
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Hüppe
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Adrian Wells
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Schweiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Klein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eva Fassbinder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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De Hert M, Detraux J, Vancampfort D. The intriguing relationship between coronary heart disease and mental disorders. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 29946209 PMCID: PMC6016051 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2018.20.1/mdehert] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) and mental illness are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Decades of research has revealed several, and sometimes surprising, links between CHD and mental illness, and has even suggested that both may actually cause one another. However, the precise nature of these links has not yet been clearly established. The goal of this paper, therefore, is to comprehensively review and discuss the state-of-the-art nature of the epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects of the bidirectional links between mental illness and CHD. This review demonstrates that there exists a large body of epidemiological prospective data showing that people with severe mental illness, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, as a group, have an increased risk of developing CHD, compared with controls [adjusted hazard ratio (adjHR)=1.54; 95% CI: 1.30-1.82, P<0.0001]. Anxiety symptoms or disorders (Relative Risk (RR)=1.41, 95% CI: 1.23-1.61, P<0.0001), as well as experiences of persistent or intense stress or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (adjHR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.08-1.49), although to a lesser degree, may also be independently associated with an increased risk of developing CHD. On the other hand, research also indicates that these symptoms/mental diseases are common in patients with CHD and may be associated with a substantial increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Finally, mental diseases and CHD appear to have a shared etiology, including biological, behavioral, psychological, and genetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc De Hert
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University Psychiatric Centre, Kortenberg, Belgium, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Johan Detraux
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University Psychiatric Centre, Kortenberg, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
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Penninx BWJH, Lange SMM. Metabolic syndrome in psychiatric patients: overview, mechanisms, and implications. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 29946213 PMCID: PMC6016046 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2018.20.1/bpenninx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric patients have a greater risk of premature mortality, predominantly due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Convincing evidence shows that psychiatric conditions are characterized by an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors including dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. This increased risk is present for a range of psychiatric conditions, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia, anxiety disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is some evidence for a dose-response association with the severity and duration of symptoms and for a bidirectional longitudinal impact between psychiatric disorders and MetS. Associations generally seem stronger with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia dysregulations than with hypertension. Contributing mechanisms are an unhealthy lifestyle and a poor adherence to medical regimen, which are prevalent among psychiatric patients. Specific psychotropic medications have also shown a profound impact in increasing MetS dysregulations. Finally, pleiotropy in genetic vulnerability and pathophysiological mechanisms, such as those leading to the increased central and peripheral activation of immunometabolic or endocrine systems, plays a role in both MetS and psychiatric disorder development. The excess risk of MetS and its unfavorable somatic health consequences justifies a high priority for future research, prevention, close monitoring, and treatment to reduce MetS in the vulnerable psychiatric patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center & GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjors M M Lange
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center & GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lockwood KG, Marsland AL, Matthews KA, Gianaros PJ. Perceived discrimination and cardiovascular health disparities: a multisystem review and health neuroscience perspective. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1428:170-207. [PMID: 30088665 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There are distinct racial disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, with Black individuals at much greater risk than White individuals. Although many factors contribute to these disparities, recent attention has focused on the role of discrimination as a stress-related factor that contributes to racial disparities in CVD. As such, it is important to understand the mechanisms by which discrimination might affect CVD. Recent studies have examined these mechanisms by focusing on neurobiological mediators of CVD risk. Given this increase in studies, a systematic review of perceived discrimination and neurobiological mediators of CVD risk is warranted. Our review uses a multisystem approach to review studies on the relationship between perceived discrimination and (1) cardiovascular responses to stress, (2) hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis function, and (3) the immune system, as well as (4) the brain systems thought to regulate these parameters of peripheral physiology. In addition to summarizing existing evidence, our review integrates these findings into a conceptual model describing multidirectional pathways linking perceived discrimination with a CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly G Lockwood
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna L Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter J Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Gross AC, Kaizer AM, Ryder JR, Fox CK, Rudser KD, Dengel DR, Kelly AS. Relationships of Anxiety and Depression with Cardiovascular Health in Youth with Normal Weight to Severe Obesity. J Pediatr 2018; 199:85-91. [PMID: 29754863 PMCID: PMC6063783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationships of depression and anxiety symptoms with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and measures of vascular health in youth. STUDY DESIGN Participants (n = 202) were 8- to 18-year-olds from a cross-sectional study evaluating cardiovascular health across a wide range of body mass index values (normal weight to severe obesity). CVD risk measurement included blood pressure, fasting lipids, glucose, insulin, carotid artery intima-media thickness, compliance and distensibility, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, carotid-radial artery pulse wave velocity, body fat percentage, and a metabolic syndrome cluster score. Anxiety and depression symptoms were self-reported on the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children. Two sets of adjustment variables were used in evaluation of differences between those with and without anxiety or depression symptomatology for the CVD risk factor and vascular outcomes. The first set included adjustment for Tanner stage, sex, and race; the second was additionally adjusted for percent body fat. RESULTS Anxiety was not significantly associated with CVD risk factors or vascular health in either model. Depression was associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and metabolic syndrome cluster score; these relationships were attenuated when accounting for percent body fat. CONCLUSIONS When accounting for body fat, we found no clear relationship of self-reported depression or anxiety symptoms with CVD risk factors or vascular health in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Gross
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN,Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Alexander M. Kaizer
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Justin R. Ryder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN,Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Claudia K. Fox
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN,Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kyle D. Rudser
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Donald R. Dengel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN,Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Aaron S. Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN,Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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Aguglia A, Signorelli MS, Albert U, Maina G. The Impact of General Medical Conditions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:246-253. [PMID: 29475243 PMCID: PMC5900370 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2017.06.17.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The co-occurrence of general medical conditions (GMCs) and major psychiatric disorders is well documented. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of GMCs in patients with a primary diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and, secondly, to investigate which clinical variables are associated with the presence of a GMC. METHODS Subjects with a primary diagnosis of OCD were included. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. GMCs were classified using the ICD-10 and grouped according to the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) in: cardiac, vascular, hematopoietic, respiratory, ear/nose/throat, upper and lower gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, neurologic, endocrine/metabolic. The association between the presence of GMCs and demographic/clinical variables of OCD was investigated. RESULTS A total of 162 patients with OCD were included. 78 (48.1%) patients had at least one comorbid GMC. Most frequent GMCs were endocrine/metabolic diseases (25.9%), followed by upper/lower gastrointestinal (20.5%) and cardio-vascular diseases (13.6%). The presence of a GMC was significantly associated with female gender, older age, duration of untreated illness (DUI), and absence of physical activity. CONCLUSION Patients with OCD have high rates of comorbid GMCs. A longer DUI is associated with having at least one GMCs; this might be due to the long-lasting adoption of unhealthy lifestyles, not counterbalanced by appropriate treatment and psychoeducation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aguglia
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Psychiatric Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Salvina Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU Policlinico Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Umberto Albert
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Psychiatric Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maina
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Psychiatric Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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Stein DJ, Scott KM, de Jonge P, Kessler RC. Epidemiology of anxiety disorders: from surveys to nosology and back. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 28867937 PMCID: PMC5573557 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2017.19.2/dstein] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of epidemiological survey findings, anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders around the world and are associated with significant comorbidity and morbidity. Such surveys rely on advances in psychiatric nosology and may also contribute usefully to revisions of the nosology. There are a number of questions at the intersection of psychiatric epidemiology and nosology. This review addresses the following: What is the prevalence of anxiety disorders and how do we best explain cross-national differences in prevalence estimates? What are the optimal diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders, and how can epidemiological data shed light on this question? What are the comorbidities of anxiety disorders, and how do we best understand the high comorbidities seen in these conditions? What is the current treatment gap for anxiety disorders, and what are the implications of current understandings of psychiatric epidemiology and nosology for policy-making relevant to anxiety disorders? Here, we emphasize that anxiety disorders are the most prevalent of the psychiatric conditions, and that rather than merely contrasting cross-national prevalence in anxiety disorders, it is more productive to delineate cross-national themes that emerge about the epidemiology of these conditions. We discuss that optimizing diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders is an iterative process to which epidemiological data can make a crucial contribution. Additionally, high comorbidity in anxiety disorders is not merely artefactual; it provides key opportunities to explore pathways to mental disorders and to intervene accordingly. Finally, work on the epidemiology and nosology of anxiety disorders has provided a number of important targets for mental health policy and for future integrative work to move between bench and bedside, as well as between clinic and community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J Stein
- University of Cape Town and MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, South Africa
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Marx P, Antal P, Bolgar B, Bagdy G, Deakin B, Juhasz G. Comorbidities in the diseasome are more apparent than real: What Bayesian filtering reveals about the comorbidities of depression. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005487. [PMID: 28644851 PMCID: PMC5507322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Comorbidity patterns have become a major source of information to explore shared mechanisms of pathogenesis between disorders. In hypothesis-free exploration of comorbid conditions, disease-disease networks are usually identified by pairwise methods. However, interpretation of the results is hindered by several confounders. In particular a very large number of pairwise associations can arise indirectly through other comorbidity associations and they increase exponentially with the increasing breadth of the investigated diseases. To investigate and filter this effect, we computed and compared pairwise approaches with a systems-based method, which constructs a sparse Bayesian direct multimorbidity map (BDMM) by systematically eliminating disease-mediated comorbidity relations. Additionally, focusing on depression-related parts of the BDMM, we evaluated correspondence with results from logistic regression, text-mining and molecular-level measures for comorbidities such as genetic overlap and the interactome-based association score. We used a subset of the UK Biobank Resource, a cross-sectional dataset including 247 diseases and 117,392 participants who filled out a detailed questionnaire about mental health. The sparse comorbidity map confirmed that depressed patients frequently suffer from both psychiatric and somatic comorbid disorders. Notably, anxiety and obesity show strong and direct relationships with depression. The BDMM identified further directly co-morbid somatic disorders, e.g. irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, or migraine. Using the subnetwork of depression and metabolic disorders for functional analysis, the interactome-based system-level score showed the best agreement with the sparse disease network. This indicates that these epidemiologically strong disease-disease relations have improved correspondence with expected molecular-level mechanisms. The substantially fewer number of comorbidity relations in the BDMM compared to pairwise methods implies that biologically meaningful comorbid relations may be less frequent than earlier pairwise methods suggested. The computed interactive comprehensive multimorbidity views over the diseasome are available on the web at Co=MorNet: bioinformatics.mit.bme.hu/UKBNetworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Marx
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Antal
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Bolgar
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP-A-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bill Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK and Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK and Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- MTA-SE-NAP B Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Khambaty T, Callahan CM, Perkins AJ, Stewart JC. Depression and Anxiety Screens as Simultaneous Predictors of 10-Year Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults in Primary Care. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:294-300. [PMID: 27641686 PMCID: PMC5311025 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine depression and anxiety screens and their individual items as simultaneous predictors of incident diabetes mellitus. DESIGN Ten-year follow-up study of individuals screened for the Improving Mood-Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment (IMPACT) trial. SETTING Two large urban primary care clinics in Indianapolis, Indiana. PARTICIPANTS Diverse sample (53% African American, 80% of lower socioeconomic status) of 2,156 older adults initially free of diabetes mellitus. MEASUREMENTS Depression and anxiety screens were completed during routine primary care visits between 1999 and 2001. Incident diabetes mellitus data were obtained from an electronic medical record system and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services analytical files though 2009. RESULTS Over the 10-year period, 558 (25.9%) participants had diabetes mellitus onset. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographic and diabetes mellitus risk factors revealed that a positive screen for anxiety, but not for depression, predicted incident diabetes mellitus when entered into separate models (anxiety: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15-1.61, P < .001; depression: HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.95-1.46, P = .13) and when entered simultaneously into one model (anxiety: HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.12-1.61, P < .001; depression: HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.83-1.31, P = .73). The feeling anxious (P = .03) and the worry (P = .02) items predicted incident diabetes mellitus independent of the depression screen. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that screening positive for anxiety is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus in older adults independent of depression and traditional diabetes mellitus risk factors. Anxiety requires greater consideration and awareness in the context of diabetes mellitus risk assessment and primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher M. Callahan
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN
| | - Anthony J. Perkins
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jesse C. Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN
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Anxiety disorders and risk of stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Psychiatry 2017; 41:102-108. [PMID: 28135591 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health problem worldwide. However, the evidence on the association between anxiety disorders and risk of stroke is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis presents a critical appraisal and summary of the available evidence on the association between anxiety disorders and risk of stroke. METHODS Cohort studies reporting risk of stroke among patients with anxiety disorders were searched in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and the Web of Science, from database inception to June 2016. The quality of the studies was assessed using standard criteria. A meta-analysis was undertaken to obtain pooled estimates of the risk of stroke among patients with anxiety disorders. RESULTS Eight studies, including 950,759 patients, from the 11,764 references initially identified, were included in this review. A significantly increased risk of stroke for patients with anxiety disorders was observed, with an overall hazard ratio: 1.24 (1.09-1.41), P=0.001. No significant heterogeneity between studies was detected and the funnel plot suggested that publication bias was unlikely. Limited evidence suggests that the risk of stroke is increased shortly after the diagnosis of anxiety and that risk of stroke may be higher for patients with severe anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety disorders are a very prevalent modifiable condition associated with risk of stroke increased by 24%. This evidence could inform the development of interventions for the management of anxiety and the prevention of stroke. Further studies on the risk of stroke in patients with anxiety, and the explanatory factors for this association, are required.
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Miloyan B, Bulley A, Bandeen-Roche K, Eaton WW, Gonçalves-Bradley DC. Anxiety disorders and all-cause mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:1467-1475. [PMID: 27628244 PMCID: PMC5102798 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies that examined the relationship between anxiety disorders, or clinically significant anxiety symptoms, at baseline and all-cause mortality at follow-up relative to control participants without clinically significant anxiety. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and CINAHL were searched through July 2015, along with manual searches of published reviews and forward and backward snowball searches of included studies. Studies were excluded if anxiety was not defined with a standardized instrument, or if participants were followed-up for 1 year or less. The initial search yielded 7901 articles after the removal of duplicates, of which 328 underwent full-text screening. RESULTS Forty-two estimates from 36 articles were included in the meta-analysis with a total sample of 127,552 participants and over 11,573 deaths. The overall hazard ratio (HR) estimate of mortality in clinically anxious participants relative to controls was 1.09 (95 % CI 1.01-1.16); however, this was reduced after adjusting for publication bias (1.03; 95 % CI 0.95-1.13). There was no evidence of increased mortality risk among anxious participants derived from community samples (0.99; 95 % CI 0.96-1.02) and in studies that adjusted for a diagnosis of depression (1.01; 95 % CI 0.96-1.06). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that positive associations in the literature are attributable to studies in smaller samples, comorbid depression (or other psychiatric conditions) among participants, and possible confounding in medical patient samples followed-up for short durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyon Miloyan
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Adam Bulley
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Karen Bandeen-Roche
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William W Eaton
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Tsai MT, Erickson SR, Cohen LJ, Wu CH. The association between comorbid anxiety disorders and the risk of stroke among patients with diabetes: An 11-year population-based retrospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2016; 202:178-86. [PMID: 27262640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and anxiety disorders are independent risk factors for stroke. However, it remains unclear whether the risk of stroke is higher among diabetic patients with comorbid anxiety than without comorbid anxiety. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between comorbid anxiety and the risk of stroke among patients with diabetes. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study. We used the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan to identify a diabetes cohort with a new diagnosis of an anxiety disorder but without a history of stroke. The enrollment period was 2001-2006 with up to 11 years of follow-up data. Comorbid anxiety was defined by both a clinical diagnosis of the DSM-IV (ICD-9-CM) and prescriptions for anxiolytic medications. Propensity score matching was performed to balance the selected confounders between the anxiety-exposed group and anxiety non-exposed group. Cox-propositional hazard regression models were used to evaluate the association between comorbid anxiety and the risk of stroke. RESULTS Among patients with diabetes (N=40,846), an estimated 5.8% (N=2374) of patients had comorbid anxiety disorders. Diabetic patients with comorbid anxiety were significantly associated with a higher risk of stroke compared to patients without comorbid anxiety (hazard ratio: 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.72). LIMITATIONS The severity of anxiety or diabetes could not be measured from the claims data. Residual confounding may still exist. CONCLUSION A significantly elevated risk of stroke was observed in association with comorbid anxiety among patients with diabetes. Psychiatrists should consider routine screening for anxiety disorders to prevent a stroke event among patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Tsai
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Steven R Erickson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Lawrence J Cohen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, United States
| | - Chung-Hsuen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; Research Center for Pharmacoeconomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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Bersani FS, Wolkowitz OM, Lindqvist D, Yehuda R, Flory J, Bierer LM, Makotine I, Abu-Amara D, Coy M, Reus VI, Epel ES, Marmar C, Mellon SH. Global arginine bioavailability, a marker of nitric oxide synthetic capacity, is decreased in PTSD and correlated with symptom severity and markers of inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 52:153-160. [PMID: 26515034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychiatric, physical and biological aspects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be associated with dysfunctions in several cellular processes including nitric oxide (NO) production. NO is synthesized from arginine in a reaction carried out by NO synthase (NOS) enzymes. The recently introduced "global arginine bioavailability ratio" (GABR; ratio of arginine to [ornithine+citrulline]) has been proposed as a reliable approximation of NO synthetic capacity in vivo. The objectives of the present study were to test the hypotheses that (i) subjects with combat-related PTSD have lower GABR scores than combat controls, (ii) GABR score is inversely associated with the severity of psychopathological measures, (iii) GABR score is inversely associated with markers of inflammation. METHODS Metabolic profiling for plasma samples (i.e. arginine, citrulline and ornithine) and inflammation markers (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interferon [IFN]-γ and C-reactive protein [CRP]) were assessed in 56 combat-exposed males with PTSD and 65 combat-exposed males without PTSD. We assessed severity of PTSD (Clinician Administered PTSD Scale [CAPS]) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II [BDI-II]) as well as history of early life trauma (Early Trauma Inventory [ETI]) and affectivity (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule [PANAS]). RESULTS The GABR value was (i) significantly lower in PTSD subjects compared to controls (p=0.001), (ii) significantly inversely correlated with markers of inflammation including IL6 (p=0.04) and TNFα (p=0.02), and (iii) significantly inversely correlated with CAPS current (p=0.001) and lifetime (p<0.001) subscales, ETI (p=0.045) and PANAS negative (p=0.006). Adding antidepressant use or MDD diagnosis as covariates led to similar results. Adding age and BMI as covariates also led to similar results, with the exception of IL6 and ETI losing their significant association with GABR. DISCUSSION This study provides the first evidence that global arginine bioavailability, a marker of NO synthetic capacity in vivo, is lower in veterans with PTSD and is negatively associated with some markers of inflammation as well as with measures of PTSD symptom severity, negative affectivity and childhood adverse experiences. These findings add to the accumulating evidence that specific cellular dysfunction may be associated with the symptomatology of PTSD and may help to explain the higher burden of cardio-metabolic disturbances seen in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saverio Bersani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Janine Flory
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Linda M Bierer
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Iouri Makotine
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Duna Abu-Amara
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Center for Posttraumatic Stress and TBI, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michelle Coy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Victor I Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Charles Marmar
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Center for Posttraumatic Stress and TBI, New York, NY, United States
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Wändell P, Carlsson AC, Gasevic D, Wahlström L, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Depression or anxiety and all-cause mortality in adults with atrial fibrillation--A cohort study in Swedish primary care. Ann Med 2016; 48:59-66. [PMID: 26758363 PMCID: PMC4790080 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1132842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to study depression and anxiety in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients as risk factors for all-cause mortality in a primary care setting. METHODS The study population included adults (n = 12 283) of 45 years and older diagnosed with AF in 75 primary care centres in Sweden. The association between depression or anxiety and all-cause mortality was explored using Cox regression analysis, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Analyses were conducted in men and women, adjusted for age, educational level, marital status, neighborhood socio-economic status (SES), change of neighborhood status and anxiety or depression, respectively, and cardiovascular co-morbidities. As a secondary analysis, background factors and their association with depression or anxiety were explored. RESULTS The risk of all-cause mortality was higher among men with depression compared to their counterparts without depression even after full adjustment (HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.08-1.53). For anxiety among men and anxiety or depression among women with AF, no associations were found. Cerebrovascular disease was more common among depressed AF patients. CONCLUSIONS Increased awareness of the higher mortality among men with AF and subsequent depression is called for. We suggest a tight follow-up and treatment of both ailments in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Wändell
- a Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology , Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden ;,b Academic Primary Care Centre, Stockholm County Council , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - Axel C Carlsson
- a Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology , Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden ;,b Academic Primary Care Centre, Stockholm County Council , Huddinge , Sweden ;,c Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Danijela Gasevic
- d Centre for Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Lars Wahlström
- e Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- f Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden ;,g Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California , USA
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- f Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden ;,g Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California , USA
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Happell B, Stanton R, Hodgetts D, Scott D. Quality of Life Outcomes in Community-based Mental Health Consumers: Comparisons with Population Norms and Changes over Time. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2016; 37:146-52. [PMID: 26962895 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2015.1119223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Quality of life is shown to be lower in people diagnosed with mental illness in comparison to the general population. The aim of this study is to examine the Quality of life in a subset of people accessing mental health services in a regional Queensland Centre. Thirty-seven people accessing mental health services completed the SF36 Health Survey on three occasions. Differences and relationships between Physical Composite Scores and Mental Composite Scores, comparisons with Australian population norms, and temporal change in Quality of Life were examined. Physical Composite Scores were significantly different to, but significantly correlated with, Mental Composite Scores on each occasion. Physical Composite Scores and Mental Composite Scores were significantly different to population norms, and did not vary significantly across time. The poor Quality of life of people with mental illness remains a significant challenge for the mental health workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Happell
- a SYNERGY: Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre , University of Canberra and ACT Health , Australia
| | - Robert Stanton
- b School of Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Australia
| | - Danya Hodgetts
- b School of Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Australia
| | - David Scott
- c School of Clinical Studies , Monash University , Australia
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