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Zhu Z, Dai D, Zheng M, Shi Y, Siddique S, Wang F, Zhang S, Xie C, Bo D, Hu B, Chen Y, Peng D, Sun M, Zheng J. Root-knot nematodes exploit the catalase-like effector to manipulate plant reactive oxygen species levels by directly degrading H 2O 2. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e70000. [PMID: 39254175 PMCID: PMC11386320 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.70000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Plants produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon infection, which typically trigger defence mechanisms and impede pathogen proliferation. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne spp.) represent highly detrimental pathogens capable of parasitizing a broad spectrum of crops, resulting in substantial annual agricultural losses. The involvement of ROS in RKN parasitism is well acknowledged. In this study, we identified a novel effector from Meloidogyne incognita, named CATLe, that contains a conserved catalase domain, exhibiting potential functions in regulating host ROS levels. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CATLe is conserved across RKNs. Temporal and spatial expression assays showed that the CATLe gene was specifically up-regulated at the early infection stages and accumulated in the subventral oesophageal gland cells of M. incognita. Immunolocalization demonstrated that CATLe was secreted into the giant cells of the host plant during M. incognita parasitism. Transient expression of CATLe significantly dampened the flg22-induced ROS production in Nicotiana benthamiana. In planta assays confirmed that M. incognita can exploit CATLe to manipulate host ROS levels by directly degrading H2O2. Additionally, interfering with expression of the CATLe gene through double-stranded RNA soaking and host-induced gene silencing significantly attenuated M. incognita parasitism, highlighting the important role of CATLe. Taken together, our results suggest that RKNs can directly degrade ROS products using a functional catalase, thereby manipulating host ROS levels and facilitating parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dadong Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengzhuo Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiling Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Feifan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shurong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanshuai Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dexin Bo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Boyan Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghai Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinshui Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Song S, Li Y, Qiu M, Xu N, Li B, Zhang L, Li L, Chen W, Li J, Wang T, Qiu Y, Gong M, Yu D, Dong H, Xia S, Pan Y, Yuan D, Li L. Structural variations of a new fertility restorer gene, Rf20, underlie the restoration of wild abortive-type cytoplasmic male sterility in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:1272-1288. [PMID: 38956872 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of a wild abortive-type (WA) cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line and breeding its restorer line have led to the commercialization of three-line hybrid rice, contributing considerably to global food security. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying fertility abortion and the restoration of CMS-WA lines remain largely elusive. In this study, we cloned a restorer gene, Rf20, following a genome-wide association study analysis of the core parent lines of three-line hybrid rice. We found that Rf20 was present in all core parental lines, but different haplotypes and structural variants of its gene resulted in differences in Rf20 expression levels between sterile and restored lines. Rf20 could restore pollen fertility in the CMS-WA line and was found to be responsible for fertility restoration in some CMS lines under high temperatures. In addition, we found that Rf20 encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein that competes with WA352 for binding with COX11. This interaction enhances COX11's function as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, which in turn restores pollen fertility. Collectively, our study suggests a new action mode for pentatricopeptide repeat proteins in the fertility restoration of CMS lines, providing an essential theoretical basis for breeding robust restorer lines and for overcoming high temperature-induced fertility recovery of some CMS lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Mudan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Na Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Longhui Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lei Li
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jinglei Li
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Tiankang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yingxin Qiu
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Mengmeng Gong
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Siqi Xia
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Dingyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China.
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3
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Hatami M, Ghorbanpour M. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles-induced reactive oxygen species: Phytotoxicity and detoxification mechanisms in plant cell. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108847. [PMID: 38889532 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is advancing rapidly in this century and the industrial use of nanoparticles for new applications in the modernization of different industries such as agriculture, electronic, food, energy, environment, healthcare and medicine is growing exponentially. Despite applications of several nanoparticles in different industries, they show harmful effects on biological systems, especially in plants. Various mechanisms for the toxic effects of nanoparticles have already been proposed; however, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules including radicals [(e.g., superoxide (O2•‒), peroxyl (HOO•), and hydroxyl (HO•) and non-radicals [(e.g., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and singlet oxygen (1O2) is more important. Excessive production/and accumulation of ROS in cells and subsequent induction of oxidative stress disrupts the normal functioning of physiological processes and cellular redox reactions. Some of the consequences of ROS overproduction include peroxidation of lipids, changes in protein structure, DNA strand breaks, mitochondrial damage, and cell death. Key enzymatic antioxidants with ROS scavenging ability comprised of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione reductase (GR), and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems including alpha-tocopherol, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, ascorbate, and glutathione play vital role in detoxification and maintaining plant health by balancing redox reactions and reducing the level of ROS. This review provides compelling evidence that phytotoxicity of nanoparticles, is mainly caused by overproduction of ROS after exposure. In addition, the present review also summarizes the intrinsic detoxification mechanisms in plants in response to nanoparticles accumulation within plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Hatami
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Arak University, 38156-8-8349, Arak, Iran.
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Meng HX, Wang YZ, Yao XL, Xie XR, Dong S, Yuan X, Li X, Gao L, Yang G, Chu X, Wang JG. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulate nitrogen signaling using temporal transcriptome analysis in foxtail millet. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:37. [PMID: 38602592 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a chemically reactive chemical substance containing oxygen and a natural by-product of normal oxygen metabolism. Excessive ROS affect the growth process of crops, which will lead to the decrease of yield. Nitrogen, as a critical nutrient element in plants and plays a vital role in plant growth and crop production. Nitrate is the primary nitrogen source available to plants in agricultural soil and various natural environments. However, the molecular mechanism of ROS-nitrate crosstalk is still unclear. In this study, we used the foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) as the material to figure it out. Here, we show that excessive NaCl inhibits nitrate-promoted plant growth and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). NaCl induces ROS accumulation in roots, and ROS inhibits nitrate-induced gene expression in a short time. Surprisingly, low concentration ROS slight promotes and high concentration of ROS inhibits foxtail millet growth under long-term H2O2 treatment. These results may open a new perspective for further exploration of ROS-nitrate signaling pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xin Meng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yu-Ze Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xin-Li Yao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xin-Ran Xie
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Shuqi Dong
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in Preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Lulu Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Guanghui Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Chu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Jia-Gang Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
- Hou Ji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
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5
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Pan J, Song J, Sohail H, Sharif R, Yan W, Hu Q, Qi X, Yang X, Xu X, Chen X. RNA-seq-based comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the role of CsPrx73 in waterlogging-triggered adventitious root formation in cucumber. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae062. [PMID: 38659441 PMCID: PMC11040206 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stressors like waterlogging are detrimental to cucumber development and growth. However, comprehension of the highly complex molecular mechanism underlying waterlogging can provide an opportunity to enhance cucumber tolerance under waterlogging stress. We examined the hypocotyl and stage-specific transcriptomes of the waterlogging-tolerant YZ026A and the waterlogging-sensitive YZ106A, which had different adventitious rooting ability under waterlogging. YZ026A performed better under waterlogging stress by altering its antioxidative machinery and demonstrated a greater superoxide ion (O 2-) scavenging ability. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that a high number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. By pairwise comparison and weighted gene co-expression network analysis analysis, 2616 DEGs were obtained which were categorized into 11 gene co-expression modules. Amongst the 11 modules, black was identified as the common module and yielded a novel key regulatory gene, CsPrx73. Transgenic cucumber plants overexpressing CsPrx73 enhance adventitious root (AR) formation under waterlogging conditions and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Silencing of CsPrx73 expression by virus-induced gene silencing adversely affects AR formation under the waterlogging condition. Our results also indicated that CsERF7-3, a waterlogging-responsive ERF transcription factor, can directly bind to the ATCTA-box motif in the CsPrx73 promoter to initiate its expression. Overexpression of CsERF7-3 enhanced CsPrx73 expression and AR formation. On the contrary, CsERF7-3-silenced plants decreased CsPrx73 expression and rooting ability. In conclusion , our study demonstrates a novel CsERF7-3-CsPrx73 module that allows cucumbers to adapt more efficiently to waterlogging stress by promoting AR production and ROS scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Pan
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Hamza Sohail
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Rahat Sharif
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qiming Hu
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaohua Qi
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute ofVegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute ofVegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
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6
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Li S, Li Z, Wu M, Zhou Y, Tang W, Zhong H. Mercury transformations in algae, plants, and animals: The occurrence, mechanisms, and gaps. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168690. [PMID: 38000748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant showing potent toxicity to living organisms. The transformations of Hg are critical to global Hg cycling and Hg exposure risks, considering Hg mobilities and toxicities vary depending on Hg speciation. Though currently well understood in ambient environments, Hg transformations are inadequately explored in non-microbial organisms. The primary drivers of in vivo Hg transformations are far from clear, and the impacts of these processes on global Hg cycling and Hg associated health risks are not well understood. This hinders a comprehensive understanding of global Hg cycling and the effective mitigation of Hg exposure risks. Here, we focused on Hg transformations in non-microbial organisms, particularly algae, plants, and animals. The process of Hg oxidation/reduction and methylation/demethylation in organisms were reviewed since these processes are the key transformations between the dominant Hg species, i.e., elemental Hg (Hg0), divalent inorganic Hg (IHgII), and methylmercury (MeHg). By summarizing the current knowledge of Hg transformations in organisms, we proposed the potential yet overlooked drivers of these processes, along with potential challenges that hinder a full understanding of in vivo Hg transformations. Knowledge summarized in this review would help achieve a comprehensive understanding of the fate and toxicity of Hg in organisms, providing a basis for predicting Hg cycles and mitigating human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouying Li
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengjie Wu
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenli Tang
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Huan Zhong
- School of the Environment, Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China.
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7
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Gull S, Ali MM, Ejaz S, Ali S, Rasheed M, Yousef AF, Stępień P, Chen F. Comprehensive genomic exploration of class III peroxidase genes in guava unravels physiology, evolution, and postharvest storage responses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1446. [PMID: 38228714 PMCID: PMC10791677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxidases (PRXs) play multifaceted roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the PRX gene family in guava, a globally significant fruit. In the guava genome, we identified 37 PRX genes, a number lower than that of Arabidopsis, suggesting a distinctive gene family expansion pattern. Phylogenetic analysis unveiled close relationships with Arabidopsis PRXs, with 12 PgPRX genes forming ortholog pairs, indicating a specific expansion pattern. Predictions placed most PRX proteins in the chloroplast and extracellular regions. Structural analysis of PgPRX proteins revealed commonalities in domain structures and motif organization. Synteny analysis underscored the dynamic role of segmental duplication in the evolution of guava's PRX genes. We explored the dynamic expression of PgPRX genes across guava tissues, exposing functional diversity. Furthermore, we examined changes in peroxidase levels and gene expressions during postharvest fruit storage, providing insights for preserving fruit quality. This study offers an initial genome-wide identification and characterization of Class III peroxidases in guava, laying the foundation for future functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Gull
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, MultanPunjab, 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Moaaz Ali
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shaghef Ejaz
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, MultanPunjab, 66000, Pakistan.
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, MultanPunjab, 66000, Pakistan
| | - Majeeda Rasheed
- Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Fathy Yousef
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Azhar (Branch Assiut), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Piotr Stępień
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Ul. Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Faxing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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8
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Kumar A, Verma K, Kashyap R, Joshi VJ, Sircar D, Yadav SR. Auxin-responsive ROS homeostasis genes display dynamic expression pattern during rice crown root primordia morphogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108307. [PMID: 38159549 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated continuously as a by-product of aerobic metabolism in plants. While excessive ROS cause oxidative stresses in cells, they act as signaling molecules when maintained at an optimum concentration through the dynamic equilibrium of ROS metabolizing mechanisms to regulate growth, development and response to environmental stress. Auxin and its crosstalk with other signaling cascades are crucial for maintaining ROS homeostasis and orchestrating root architecture but dissecting the underlying mechanism requires detailed investigation at the molecular level. Rice fibrous root system is primarily composed of shoot-derived adventitious roots (also called crown roots). Here, we uncover auxin-ROS cross-talk during initiation and growth of rice roots. Potassium iodide treatment changes ROS levels that results in an altered rice root architecture. We reveal that auxin induction recover root growth and development defects by recouping level of hydrogen peroxide. By comparing global datasets previously generated by auxin induction and laser capture microdissection-RNA sequencing, we identify the redox-related antioxidants genes from peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and thioredoxin reductase families whose expression is regulated by the auxin signaling and also display dynamic expression patterns during crown root primordia morphogenesis. The auxin-mediated differential transcriptome data were validated by quantifying expression levels of a set of genes upon auxin induction. Further, in-depth spatio-temporal expression pattern analysis by RNA in situ hybridization shows the spatially restricted expression of selected genes in the developing crown root primordia. Together, our findings uncover molecular components of auxin-ROS crosstalk involved in root organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Komal Verma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rohan Kashyap
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vedika Jayant Joshi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shri Ram Yadav
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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9
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Sabir IA, Manzoor MA, Shah IH, Ahmad Z, Liu X, Alam P, Wang Y, Sun W, Wang J, Liu R, Jiu S, Zhang C. Unveiling the effect of gibberellin-induced iron oxide nanoparticles on bud dormancy release in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108222. [PMID: 38016371 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen cyanide has been extensively used worldwide for bud dormancy break in fruit trees, consequently enhancing fruit production via expedited cultivation, especially in areas with controlled environments or warmer regions. A novel and safety nanotechnology was developed since the hazard of hydrogen cyanide for the operators and environments, there is an urgent need for the development of novel and safety approaches to replace it to break bud dormancy for fruit trees. In current study, we have systematically explored the potential of iron oxide nanoparticles, specifically α-Fe2O3, to modulate bud dormancy in sweet cherry (Prunus avium). The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles underwent meticulous characterization and assessment using various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet-visible infrared (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Remarkably, when applied at a concentration of 10 mg L-1 alongside gibberellin (GA4+7), these iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited a substantial 57% enhancement in bud dormancy release compared to control groups, all achieved within a remarkably short time span of 4 days. Our RNA-seq analyses further unveiled that 2757 genes within the sweet cherry buds were significantly up-regulated when treated with 10 mg L-1 α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in combination with GA, while 4748 genes related to dormancy regulation were downregulated in comparison to the control. Moreover, we discovered an array of 58 transcription factor families among the crucial differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Through hormonal quantification, we established that the increased bud burst was accompanied by a reduced concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) at 761.3 ng/g fresh weight in the iron oxide treatment group, coupled with higher levels of gibberellins (GAs) in comparison to the control. Comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses unveiled significant alterations in hormone contents and gene expression during the bud dormancy-breaking process when α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were combined with GA. In conclusion, our findings provide valuable insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of iron oxide nanoparticles on achieving uniform bud dormancy break in sweet cherry trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ali Sabir
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Aamir Manzoor
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Iftikhar Hussain Shah
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zishan Ahmad
- Bambo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xunju Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanxia Sun
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyuan Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruie Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songtao Jiu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixi Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Long T, Yang F, Chen Z, Xing Y, Tang X, Chen B, Cui W, Rodriguez LG, Wang L, Gao Y, Yao Y. Overexpression of PtoMYB99 diminishes poplar tolerance to osmotic stress by suppressing ABA and JA biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 292:154149. [PMID: 38064888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Drought poses a serious challenge to sustained plant growth and crop yields in the context of global climate change. Drought tolerance in poplars and their underlying mechanisms still remain largely unknown. In this article, we investigated the overexpression of PtoMYB99 - both a drought and abscisic acid (ABA) induced gene constraining drought tolerance in poplars (as compared with wild type poplars). First, we found that PtoMYB99-OE lines exhibited increased stomatal opening and conductance, higher transpiration and photosynthetic rates, as well as reduced levels of ABA and jasmonic acid (JA). Second, PtoMYB99-OE lines accumulated more reactive oxygen species (ROS), including H2O2 and O2-, as well as malonaldehyde (MDA), proline, and soluble sugar under osmotic stress; conversely, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT), was weakened in the PtoMYB99-OE lines. Third, the expression of ABA biosynthetic genes, PtoNCED3.1 and PtoNCED3.2, as well as JA biosynthetic genes, PtoOPR3.1 and PtoOPR3.2, was significantly reduced in the PtoMYB99-OE lines under both normal conditions and osmotic stress. Based on our results, we conclude that the overexpression of PtoMYB99 compromises tolerance to osmotic stress in poplar. These findings contribute to the understanding of the role of the MYB genes in drought stress and the biosynthesis of ABA and JA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Long
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, China
| | - Fengming Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuhang Xing
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, China
| | - Xia Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, China
| | - Banglan Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, China
| | - Wenli Cui
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, China
| | - Lucas Gutierrez Rodriguez
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, China
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, China.
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, China.
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11
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Wang L, Qian J, Li M, Zheng H, Yang X, Zheng M, Hsu YF. Arabidopsis PDE1 confers phosphate-deficiency tolerance in primary root growth. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:8. [PMID: 38133662 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE PDE1 acts as a mediator of primary root growth in response to Pi deficiency. Phosphorus is commonly considered as a limiting nutrient for plant growth, which is mainly due to the immobility and uneven distribution of phosphate (Pi) in soils so that available Pi is not adequate in the rhizosphere. Although various mediators have been identified in Pi sensing and response, more details need to be uncovered in plant Pi-deficiency tolerance. Here, we isolated a mutant, termed pde1 (phosphate-deficiency sensitive 1), showing the hypersensitive Pi-deficiency-induced growth inhibition of primary roots. PDE1 encodes a hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase with rare activity in vitro and repressed by Pi deficiency. Histochemical analysis displayed that Pi-deprived pde1 accumulated more Fe and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in primary roots than the wild type (WT). Addition of ferrozine, a Fe2+ chelator, or a ROS scavenger (e.g., thiourea and potassium iodide), alleviated the sensitivity of Pi-deficiency in pde1 primary roots. By contrast, pde1 showed reduced cotyledon expansion rate with treatment of H2O2 compared to WT. Taken together, these results suggested that PDE1 is responsible for regulating primary root growth in response to Pi deficiency, which is associated with ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yi-Feng Hsu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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12
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Setty J, Samant SB, Yadav MK, Manjubala M, Pandurangam V. Beneficial effects of bio-fabricated selenium nanoparticles as seed nanopriming agent on seed germination in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sci Rep 2023; 13:22349. [PMID: 38102184 PMCID: PMC10724239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change and increasing population pressure have put the agriculture sector in an arduous situation. With increasing demand for agricultural production overuse of inputs have accentuated the negative impact on environment. Hence, sustainable agriculture is gaining prominence in recent times with an emphasis on judicious and optimum use of resources. The field of nanotechnology can immensely help in achieving sustainability in agriculture at various levels. Use of nutrients and plant protection chemicals in nano-form can increase their efficacy even at reduced doses thus decreasing their pernicious impact. Seed priming is one of the important agronomic practices with widely reported positive impacts on germination, seedling growth and pathogen resistance. In the current study, the effect and efficacy of selenium nanoparticles synthesized using phyto-extracts as a seed priming agent is studied. This nanopriming enhanced the germination, hastened the seedling emergence and growth with an increase in seedling vigour and nutrient status. This eco-friendly and economical method of synthesizing nanoparticles of various nutrient minerals can optimize the resource use thus helping in sustainable agriculture by reducing environment damage without compromising on efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Setty
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sanjib Bal Samant
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mayank Kumar Yadav
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - M Manjubala
- Department of Farm Engineering and Agricultural Statistics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijai Pandurangam
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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13
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Petrova A, Ageeva M, Kozlova L. Root growth of monocotyledons and dicotyledons is limited by different tissues. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1462-1476. [PMID: 37646760 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and morphogenesis are determined by the mechanical properties of its cell walls. Using atomic force microscopy, we have characterized the dynamics of cell wall elasticity in different tissues in developing roots of several plant species. The elongation growth zone of roots of all species studied was distinguished by a reduced modulus of elasticity of most cell walls compared to the meristem or late elongation zone. Within the individual developmental zones of roots, there were also significant differences in the elasticity of the cell walls of the different tissues, thus identifying the tissues that limit root growth in the different species. In cereals, this is mainly the inner cortex, whereas in dicotyledons this function is performed by the outer tissues-rhizodermis and cortex. These differences result in a different behaviour of the roots of these species during longitudinal dissection. Modelling of longitudinal root dissection using measured properties confirmed the difference shown. Thus, the morphogenesis of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous roots relies on different tissues as growth limiting, which should be taken into account when analyzing the localization of associated molecular events. At the same time, no matrix polysaccharide was found whose immunolabelling in type I or type II cell walls would predict their mechanical properties. However, assessment of the degree of anisotropy of cortical microtubules showed a striking correlation with the elasticity of the corresponding cell walls in all species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Petrova
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina Ageeva
- Microscopy Cabinet, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Liudmila Kozlova
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
- Mechanics and Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Montpellier, 860 Rue de St - Priest, 34090, Montpellier, France
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14
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Zhai Z, Zhang K, Fang Y, Yang Y, Cao X, Liu L, Tian Y. Systematically and Comprehensively Understanding the Regulation of Cotton Fiber Initiation: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3771. [PMID: 37960127 PMCID: PMC10648247 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fibers provide an important source of raw materials for the textile industry worldwide. Cotton fiber is a kind of single cell that differentiates from the epidermis of the ovule and provides a perfect research model for the differentiation and elongation of plant cells. Cotton fiber initiation is the first stage throughout the entire developmental process. The number of fiber cell initials on the seed ovule epidermis decides the final fiber yield. Thus, it is of great significance to clarify the mechanism underlying cotton fiber initiation. Fiber cell initiation is controlled by complex and interrelated regulatory networks. Plant phytohormones, transcription factors, sugar signals, small signal molecules, functional genes, non-coding RNAs, and histone modification play important roles during this process. Here, we not only summarize the different kinds of factors involved in fiber cell initiation but also discuss the mechanisms of these factors that act together to regulate cotton fiber initiation. Our aim is to synthesize a systematic and comprehensive review of different factors during fiber initiation that will provide the basics for further illustrating these mechanisms and offer theoretical guidance for improving fiber yield in future molecular breeding work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Zhai
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (Z.Z.); (K.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (Z.Z.); (K.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Yao Fang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (Z.Z.); (K.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (Z.Z.); (K.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Xu Cao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (Z.Z.); (K.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (Z.Z.); (K.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Yue Tian
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China; (Z.Z.); (K.Z.); (Y.F.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (L.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
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15
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Zboralski A, Filion M. Pseudomonas spp. can help plants face climate change. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1198131. [PMID: 37426009 PMCID: PMC10326438 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1198131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is increasingly affecting agriculture through droughts, high salinity in soils, heatwaves, and floodings, which put intense pressure on crops. This results in yield losses, leading to food insecurity in the most affected regions. Multiple plant-beneficial bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas have been shown to improve plant tolerance to these stresses. Various mechanisms are involved, including alteration of the plant ethylene levels, direct phytohormone production, emission of volatile organic compounds, reinforcement of the root apoplast barriers, and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. In this review, we summarize the effects of climate change-induced stresses on plants and detail the mechanisms used by plant-beneficial Pseudomonas strains to alleviate them. Recommendations are made to promote targeted research on the stress-alleviating potential of these bacteria.
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16
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Guo L, Klaus A, Baer M, Kirschner GK, Salvi S, Hochholdinger F. ENHANCED GRAVITROPISM 2 coordinates molecular adaptations to gravistimulation in the elongation zone of barley roots. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:2196-2209. [PMID: 36604847 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Root gravitropism includes gravity perception in the root cap, signal transduction between root cap and elongation zone, and curvature response in the elongation zone. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) mutant enhanced gravitropism 2 (egt2) displays a hypergravitropic root phenotype. We compared the transcriptomic reprogramming of the root cap, the meristem, and the elongation zone of wild-type (WT) and egt2 seminal roots upon gravistimulation in a time-course experiment and identified direct interaction partners of EGT2 by yeast-two-hybrid screening and bimolecular fluorescence complementation validation. We demonstrated that the elongation zone is subjected to most transcriptomic changes after gravistimulation. Here, 33% of graviregulated genes are also transcriptionally controlled by EGT2, suggesting a central role of this gene in controlling the molecular networks associated with gravitropic bending. Gene co-expression analyses suggested a role of EGT2 in cell wall and reactive oxygen species-related processes, in which direct interaction partners of EGT2 regulated by EGT2 and gravity might be involved. Taken together, this study demonstrated the central role of EGT2 and its interaction partners in the networks controlling root zone-specific transcriptomic reprogramming of barley roots upon gravistimulation. These findings can contribute to the development of novel root idiotypes leading to improved crop performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alina Klaus
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Baer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gwendolyn K Kirschner
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Silvio Salvi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Frank Hochholdinger
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Functional Genomics, University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany
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17
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Mukherjee S, Corpas FJ. H 2 O 2 , NO, and H 2 S networks during root development and signalling under physiological and challenging environments: Beneficial or toxic? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:688-717. [PMID: 36583401 PMCID: PMC10108057 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a key modulator of the development and architecture of the root system under physiological and adverse environmental conditions. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) also exert myriad functions on plant development and signalling. Accumulating pieces of evidence show that depending upon the dose and mode of applications, NO and H2 S can have synergistic or antagonistic actions in mediating H2 O2 signalling during root development. Thus, H2 O2 -NO-H2 S crosstalk might essentially impart tolerance to elude oxidative stress in roots. Growth and proliferation of root apex involve crucial orchestration of NO and H2 S-mediated ROS signalling which also comprise other components including mitogen-activated protein kinase, cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH), and Ca2+ flux. This assessment provides a comprehensive update on the cooperative roles of NO and H2 S in modulating H2 O2 homoeostasis during root development, abiotic stress tolerance, and root-microbe interaction. Furthermore, it also analyses the scopes of some fascinating future investigations associated with strigolactone and karrikins concerning H2 O2 -NO-H2 S crosstalk in plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur CollegeUniversity of KalyaniWest BengalIndia
| | - Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signalling in PlantsEstación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC)GranadaSpain
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18
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Tarkowski ŁP, Signorelli S, Considine MJ, Montrichard F. Integration of reactive oxygen species and nutrient signalling to shape root system architecture. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:379-390. [PMID: 36479711 PMCID: PMC10107350 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Yield losses due to nutrient deficiency are estimated as the primary cause of the yield gap worldwide. Understanding how plant roots perceive external nutrient status and elaborate morphological adaptations in response to it is necessary to develop reliable strategies to increase crop yield. In the last decade, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to be key players of the mechanisms underlying root responses to nutrient limitation. ROS contribute in multiple ways to shape the root system in response to nutritional cues, both as direct effectors acting on cell wall architecture and as second messengers in signalling pathways. Here, we review the mutual interconnections existing between perception and signalling of the most common forms of the major macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), and ROS in shaping plant root system architecture. We discuss recent advances in dissecting the integration of these elements and their impact on morphological traits of the root system, highlighting the functional ductility of ROS and enzymes implied in ROS metabolism, such as class III peroxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santiago Signorelli
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Food and Plant Biology group, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de AgronomíaUniversidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - Michael J. Considine
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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19
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Huang J, Yang L, Yang L, Wu X, Cui X, Zhang L, Hui J, Zhao Y, Yang H, Liu S, Xu Q, Pang M, Guo X, Cao Y, Chen Y, Ren X, Lv J, Yu J, Ding J, Xu G, Wang N, Wei X, Lin Q, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Ma C, Dai C, Wang P, Wang Y, Cheng F, Zeng W, Palanivelu R, Wu HM, Zhang X, Cheung AY, Duan Q. Stigma receptors control intraspecies and interspecies barriers in Brassicaceae. Nature 2023; 614:303-308. [PMID: 36697825 PMCID: PMC9908550 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants have evolved numerous intraspecific and interspecific prezygotic reproductive barriers to prevent production of unfavourable offspring1. Within a species, self-incompatibility (SI) is a widely utilized mechanism that rejects self-pollen2,3 to avoid inbreeding depression. Interspecific barriers restrain breeding between species and often follow the SI × self-compatible (SC) rule, that is, interspecific pollen is unilaterally incompatible (UI) on SI pistils but unilaterally compatible (UC) on SC pistils1,4-6. The molecular mechanisms underlying SI, UI, SC and UC and their interconnections in the Brassicaceae remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that the SI pollen determinant S-locus cysteine-rich protein/S-locus protein 11 (SCR/SP11)2,3 or a signal from UI pollen binds to the SI female determinant S-locus receptor kinase (SRK)2,3, recruits FERONIA (FER)7-9 and activates FER-mediated reactive oxygen species production in SI stigmas10,11 to reject incompatible pollen. For compatible responses, diverged pollen coat protein B-class12-14 from SC and UC pollen differentially trigger nitric oxide, nitrosate FER to suppress reactive oxygen species in SC stigmas to facilitate pollen growth in an intraspecies-preferential manner, maintaining species integrity. Our results show that SRK and FER integrate mechanisms underlying intraspecific and interspecific barriers and offer paths to achieve distant breeding in Brassicaceae crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jiyun Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yumei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shangjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Quanling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Maoxuan Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xinping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yunyun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xinru Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinzhi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Junyi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Nian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qinghui Lin
- Computer Network Information Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiang Yuan
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- Shandong Yiyi Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Tai'an, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiqing Zeng
- International Flavors & Fragrances, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | - Hen-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Cell Biology and Plant Biology Programs, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Cell Biology and Plant Biology Programs, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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20
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Czégény G, Rácz A. Phenolic peroxidases: Dull generalists or purposeful specialists in stress responses? JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153884. [PMID: 36543063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on class III peroxidases (POD) (EC 1.11.1.7) as regulators of cellular H2O2 levels in leaves under oxidative stress. The effective regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations in plant tissues is crucial for plant survival, and has been extensively reviewed. However, the majority of studies regard POD as a generalist without substrate specificity. This is partly due to the fact that laboratory protocols assessing POD levels use substrates, which are not contained in plants. Here, we show that both base- and stress-inducible POD activity depends on the choice of substrate. Moreover, the application of diverse substrates, particularly those contained in plants, unmasks POD isoenzymes that are distinguished by substrate preferences. This functional heterogeneity of POD responses is worth studying, especially in parallel with stress-induced changes in the phenolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Czégény
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7633, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Arnold Rácz
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7633, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, Hungary.
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21
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Li S, Liu S, Zhang Q, Cui M, Zhao M, Li N, Wang S, Wu R, Zhang L, Cao Y, Wang L. The interaction of ABA and ROS in plant growth and stress resistances. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1050132. [PMID: 36507454 PMCID: PMC9729957 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1050132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone ABA (abscisic acid) plays an extremely important role in plant growth and adaptive stress, including but are not limited to seed germination, stomatal closure, pathogen infection, drought and cold stresses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are response molecules widely produced by plant cells under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The production of apoplast ROS is induced and regulated by ABA, and participates in the ABA signaling pathway and its regulated plant immune system. In this review, we summarize ABA and ROS in apoplast ROS production, plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses, plant growth regulation, ABA signal transduction, and the regulatory relationship between ABA and other plant hormones. In addition, we also discuss the effects of protein post-translational modifications on ABA and ROS related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Li
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Sha Liu
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Meixiang Cui
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Nanyang Li
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Suna Wang
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Ruigang Wu
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunpeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihu Wang
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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22
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Guillou MC, Vergne E, Aligon S, Pelletier S, Simonneau F, Rolland A, Chabout S, Mouille G, Gully K, Grappin P, Montrichard F, Aubourg S, Renou JP. The peptide SCOOP12 acts on reactive oxygen species homeostasis to modulate cell division and elongation in Arabidopsis primary root. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6115-6132. [PMID: 35639812 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Small secreted peptides have been described as key contributors to complex signalling networks that control plant development and stress responses. The Brassicaceae-specific PROSCOOP family encodes precursors of Serine riCh endOgenOus Peptides (SCOOPs). In Arabidopsis SCOOP12 has been shown to promote the defence response against pathogens and to be involved in root development. Here, we explore its role as a moderator of Arabidopsis primary root development. We show that the PROSCOOP12 null mutation leads to longer primary roots through the development of longer differentiated cells while PROSCOOP12 overexpression induces dramatic plant growth impairments. In comparison, the exogenous application of synthetic SCOOP12 peptide shortens roots through meristem size and cell length reductions. Moreover, superoxide anion (O2·-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in root tips vary according to SCOOP12 abundance. By using reactive oxygen species scavengers that suppress the proscoop12 phenotype, we showed that root growth regulation by SCOOP12 is associated with reactive oxygen species metabolism. Furthermore, our results suggest that peroxidases act as potential SCOOP12 downstream targets to regulate H2O2 production, which in turn triggers cell wall modifications in root. Finally, a massive transcriptional reprogramming, including the induction of genes from numerous other pathways, including ethylene, salicylic acid, and glucosinolates biosynthesis, was observed, emphasizing its dual role in defence and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilie Vergne
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Sophie Aligon
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Sandra Pelletier
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | | | - Aurélia Rolland
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Salem Chabout
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Gregory Mouille
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Kay Gully
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Grappin
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, France
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23
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Xu F, Chen S, Zhou S, Yue C, Yang X, Zhang X, Zhan K, He D. Genome-wide association, RNA-seq and iTRAQ analyses identify candidate genes controlling radicle length of wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:939544. [PMID: 36247556 PMCID: PMC9554269 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.939544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The radicle, present in the embryo of a seed, is the first root to emerge at germination, and its rapid growth is essential for establishment and survival of the seedling. However, there are few studies on the critical mechanisms underlying radicle and then radicle length in wheat seedlings, despite its importance as a food crop throughout the world. In the present study, 196 wheat accessions from the Huanghuai Wheat Region were screened to measure radicle length under 4 hydroponic culture environments over 3 years. Different expression genes and proteins (DEGs/DEPs) between accessions with extremely long [Yunong 949 (WRL1), Zhongyu 9,302 (WRL2)] and short roots [Yunong 201 (WRS1), Beijing 841 (WRS2)] were identified in 12 sets of root tissue samples by RNA-seq and iTRAQ (Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification). Phenotypic results showed that the elongation zone was significantly longer in root accessions with long roots compared to the short-rooted accessions. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified four stable chromosomal regions significantly associated with radicle length, among which 1A, 4A, and 7A chromosomes regions explained 7.17% to12.93% of the phenotypic variation. The omics studies identified the expression patterns of 24 DEGs/DEPs changed at both the transcriptional and protein levels. These DEGs/DEPs were mainly involved in carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, photosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. TraesCS1A02G104100 and TraesCS2B02G519100 were involved in the biosynthesis of tricin-lignins in cell walls and may affect the extension of cell walls in the radicle elongation zone. A combination of GWAS and RNA-seq analyses revealed 19 DEGs with expression changes in the four accessions, among which, TraesCS1A02G422700 (a cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 6, CRK6) also showed upregulation in the comparison group by RNA-seq, iTRAQ, and qRT-PCR. BSMV-mediated gene silencing also showed that TaCRK6 improves root development in wheat. Our data suggest that TaCRK6 is a candidate gene regulating radicle length in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengdan Xu
- College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources and Environments, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sumei Zhou
- College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Yue
- College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Yang
- College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Research Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources and Environments, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kehui Zhan
- College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dexian He
- College of Agronomy of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat/Co-construction State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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24
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Santamaría‐Hernando S, De Bruyne L, Höfte M, Ramos‐González M. Improvement of fitness and biocontrol properties of
Pseudomonas putida
via an extracellular heme peroxidase. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2652-2666. [PMID: 35986900 PMCID: PMC9518985 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular 373‐kDa PehA heme peroxidase of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 has two enzymatic domains which depend on heme cofactor for their peroxidase activity. A null pehA mutant was generated to examine the impact of PehA in rhizosphere colonization competence and the induction of plant systemic resistance (ISR). This mutant was not markedly hampered in colonization efficiency. However, increase in pehA dosage enhanced colonization fitness about 30 fold in the root and 900 fold in the root apex. In vitro assays with purified His‐tagged enzymatic domains of PehA indicated that heme‐dependent peroxidase activity was required for the enhancement of root tip colonization. Evaluation of live/dead cells confirmed that overexpression of pehA had a positive effect on bacterial cell viability. Following root colonization of rice plants by KT2440 strain, the incidence of rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae was reduced by 65% and the severity of this disease was also diminished in comparison to non‐treated plants. An increase in the pehA dosage was also beneficial for the control of rice blast as compared with gene inactivation. The results suggest that PehA helps P. putida to cope with the plant‐imposed oxidative stress leading to enhanced colonization ability and concomitant ISR‐elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saray Santamaría‐Hernando
- Department of Environmental Protection Estación Experimental de Zaidín‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Granada Spain
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Lieselotte De Bruyne
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - María‐Isabel Ramos‐González
- Department of Environmental Protection Estación Experimental de Zaidín‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Granada Spain
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25
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Uncovering a Phenomenon of Active Hormone Transcriptional Regulation during Early Somatic Embryogenesis in Medicago sativa. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158633. [PMID: 35955760 PMCID: PMC9368939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a developmental process in which somatic cells undergo dedifferentiation to become plant stem cells, and redifferentiation to become a whole embryo. SE is a prerequisite for molecular breeding and is an excellent platform to study cell development in the majority of plant species. However, the molecular mechanism involved in M. sativa somatic embryonic induction, embryonic and maturation is unclear. This study was designed to examine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNA roles during somatic embryonic induction, embryonic and maturation. The cut cotyledon (ICE), non-embryogenic callus (NEC), embryogenic callus (EC) and cotyledon embryo (CE) were selected for transcriptome and small RNA sequencing. The results showed that 17,251 DEGs, and 177 known and 110 novel miRNAs families were involved in embryonic induction (ICE to NEC), embryonic (NEC to EC), and maturation (EC to CE). Expression patterns and functional classification analysis showed several novel genes and miRNAs involved in SE. Moreover, embryonic induction is an active process of molecular regulation, and hormonal signal transduction related to pathways involved in the whole SE. Finally, a miRNA–target interaction network was proposed during M. sativa SE. This study provides novel perspectives to comprehend the molecular mechanisms in M. sativa SE.
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26
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Aglyamova A, Petrova N, Gorshkov O, Kozlova L, Gorshkova T. Growing Maize Root: Lectins Involved in Consecutive Stages of Cell Development. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141799. [PMID: 35890433 PMCID: PMC9319948 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteins that carry specific carbohydrate-binding lectin domains have a great variety and are ubiquitous across the plant kingdom. In turn, the plant cell wall has a complex carbohydrate composition, which is subjected to constant changes in the course of plant development. In this regard, proteins with lectin domains are of great interest in the context of studying their contribution to the tuning and monitoring of the cell wall during its modifications in the course of plant organ development. We performed a genome-wide screening of lectin motifs in the Zea mays genome and analyzed the transcriptomic data from five zones of primary maize root with cells at different development stages. This allowed us to obtain 306 gene sequences encoding putative lectins and to relate their expressions to the stages of root cell development and peculiarities of cell wall metabolism. Among the lectins whose expression was high and differentially regulated in growing maize root were the members of the EUL, dirigent–jacalin, malectin, malectin-like, GNA and Nictaba families, many of which are predicted as cell wall proteins or lectin receptor-like kinases that have direct access to the cell wall. Thus, a set of molecular players was identified with high potential to play important roles in the early stages of root morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Aglyamova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russia; (A.A.); (N.P.); (O.G.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Natalia Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russia; (A.A.); (N.P.); (O.G.); (L.K.)
| | - Oleg Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russia; (A.A.); (N.P.); (O.G.); (L.K.)
| | - Liudmila Kozlova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russia; (A.A.); (N.P.); (O.G.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russia; (A.A.); (N.P.); (O.G.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Physiology, Federal Research Center Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaya Str. 28, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
- Correspondence:
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27
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ROS Signaling Mediates Directional Cell Elongation and Somatic Cell Fusion in the Red Alga Griffithsia monilis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132124. [PMID: 35805208 PMCID: PMC9266221 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In many filamentous red algae, cells that die from physical damage are replaced through somatic fusion of repair cells formed from adjacent cells. We visualized ROS generation in repair cells of Giriffthsia monilis using DCFH-DA staining and examined the expression of the genes involved in wound healing using quantitative PCR. Repair cells elongate along the H2O2 gradient, meet at each other’s tips where the H2O2 concentration is highest, and undergo somatic fusion. No wound response occurred with ascorbic acid treatment. Conversely, H2O2 treatment induced many repair cells, leading to multiple somatic cell fusions. Diphenylene iodonium (DPI) or caffeine treatment reversibly inhibited ROS production in repair cells and blocked the progression of the wound response suggesting that ROS and calcium signaling are involved in the process. Four G. monilis homologues of NADPH-oxidase (GmRBOHs) were identified. The expression of GmRBOHs was upregulated upon injury, peaking 1 h post injury, and decreasing to initial levels when repair cells began to elongate. Our results suggest that ROS generated upon cell injury activates Ca2+ channels and upregulates the expression of GmRBOHs, and that H2O2 generated from repair cells mediates induced repair cell elongation leading to somatic cell fusion and filament repair.
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28
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Panda AK, Rawal HC, Jain P, Mishra V, Nishad J, Chowrasia S, Sarkar AK, Sen P, Naik SK, Mondal TK. Identification and analysis of miRNAs-lncRNAs-mRNAs modules involved in stem-elongation of deepwater rice (Oryza sativa L.). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13736. [PMID: 35716004 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deepwater is an abiotic stress that limits rice cultivation worldwide due to recurrent floods. The miRNAs and lncRNAs are two non-coding RNAs emerging as major regulators of gene expressions under different abiotic stresses. However, the regulation of these two non-coding RNAs under deepwater stress in rice is still unexplored. In this study, small RNA-seq and RNA-seq from internode and node tissues were analyzed to predict deepwater stress responsive miRNAs and lncRNAs, respectively. Additionally, a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) study revealed about 69 and 25 lncRNAs acting as endogenous target mimics (eTM) with the internode and node miRNAs, respectively. In ceRNA analyses, some of the key miRNAs such as miR1850.1, miR1848, and IN-nov-miR145 were upregulated while miR159e was downregulated, and their respective eTM lncRNAs and targets were found to have opposite expressions. Moreover, we have transiently expressed one module (IN-nov-miR145-Cc-TCONS_00011544-Os11g36430.3) in tobacco leaves. The integrated analysis has identified differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs, lncRNAs and their target genes, and the complex regulatory network, which might lead to stem elongation under deepwater stress. In this novel attempt to identify and characterize miRNAs and lncRNAs under deepwater stress in rice, we have provided, probably for the first time, a reference platform to study the interactions of these two non-coding RNAs with respective target genes through transient expression analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar Panda
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Hukam C Rawal
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Jain
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishnu Mishra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Nishad
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Soni Chowrasia
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ananda K Sarkar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyabrata Sen
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
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29
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Chen Z, Peng Z, Liu S, Leng H, Luo J, Wang F, Yi Y, Resco de Dios V, Lucas GR, Yao Y, Gao Y. Overexpression of PeNAC122 gene promotes wood formation and tolerance to osmotic stress in poplars. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13751. [PMID: 36004736 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Finding the adequate balance between wood formation and abiotic stress resistance is still an important challenge for industrial woody crops. In this study, PeNAC122, a member of the NAC transcription factor (TF) family highly expressed in xylem, was cloned from Populus euphratica. Tissue expression and β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining showed that PeNAC122 was exclusively expressed in phloem fiber and secondary xylem of stems. Subcellular and yeast transactivation assays confirmed that PeNAC122 protein existed in the nucleus and did not have transcriptional activation and inhibitory activity. Overexpression of PeNAC122 poplar lines exhibited reduced plant height, thickened xylem, and accumulated lignin content in stems, and also upregulates the expression of secondary cell wall biosynthetic genes. Moreover, overexpression of PeNAC122 lines displayed more tolerance to PEG6000-induced osmotic stress, with stronger photosynthetic performance, higher antioxidant enzyme activity, and less accumulation of reactive oxygen species in leaves, and higher expression levels of stress response genes DREB2A, RD29, and NCED3. These results indicate that PeNAC122 plays a crucial role in wood formation and abiotic stress tolerance, which, in addition to potential use in improving wood quality, provides further insight into the role of NAC family TFs in balancing wood development and abiotic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoxi Peng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqin Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Leng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- Institute of Forestry, Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Yi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gutiérrez Rodríguez Lucas
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
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30
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Reactive Oxygen Species Distribution Involved in Stipe Gradient Elongation in the Mushroom Flammulina filiformis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121896. [PMID: 35741023 PMCID: PMC9221348 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mushroom stipe raises the pileus above the substrate into a suitable position for dispersing spores. The stipe elongates at different speeds along its length, with the rate of elongation decreasing in a gradient from the top to the base. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying stipe gradient elongation are largely unknown. Here, we used the model basidiomycete mushroom Flammulina filiformis to investigate the mechanism of mushroom stipe elongation and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling in this process. Our results show that O2- and H2O2 exhibit opposite gradient distributions in the stipe, with higher O2- levels in the elongation region (ER), and higher H2O2 levels in the stable region (SR). Moreover, NADPH-oxidase-encoding genes are up-regulated in the ER, have a function in producing O2-, and positively regulate stipe elongation. Genes encoding manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) are up-regulated in the SR, have a function in producing H2O2, and negatively regulate stipe elongation. Altogether, our data demonstrate that ROS (O2-/H2O2) redistribution mediated by NADPH oxidase and MnSODs is linked to the gradient elongation of the F. filiformis stipe.
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31
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Cheng S, Wang Q, Manghwar H, Liu F. Autophagy-Mediated Regulation of Different Meristems in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116236. [PMID: 35682913 PMCID: PMC9180974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cell degradation process that widely exists in eukaryotic cells. In plants, autophagy helps maintain cellular homeostasis by degrading and recovering intracellular substances through strict regulatory pathways, thus helping plants respond to a variety of developmental and environmental signals. Autophagy is involved in plant growth and development, including leaf starch degradation, senescence, anthers development, regulation of lipid metabolism, and maintenance of peroxisome mass. More and more studies have shown that autophagy plays a role in stress response and contributes to maintain plant survival. The meristem is the basis for the formation and development of new tissues and organs during the post-embryonic development of plants. The differentiation process of meristems is an extremely complex process, involving a large number of morphological and structural changes, environmental factors, endogenous hormones, and molecular regulatory mechanisms. Recent studies have demonstrated that autophagy relates to meristem development, affecting plant growth and development under stress conditions, especially in shoot and root apical meristem. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about how autophagy regulates different meristems under different stress conditions and possibly provide new insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fen Liu
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (F.L.)
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32
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Sonmez MC, Ozgur R, Uzilday B, Turkan I, Ganie SA. Redox regulation in
C
3
and
C
4
plants during climate change and its implications on food security. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rengin Ozgur
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Ege University Izmir Turkey
- Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Baris Uzilday
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Ege University Izmir Turkey
- Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Ege University Izmir Turkey
| | - Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology Department of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway University of London Egham UK
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33
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Berrios L, Rentsch JD. Linking Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) to Abiotic and Biotic Feedbacks in Plant Microbiomes: The Dose Makes the Poison. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084402. [PMID: 35457220 PMCID: PMC9030523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants develop in complex, adaptive environments. Plants must therefore respond efficiently to environmental stressors to maintain homeostasis and enhance their fitness. Although many coordinated processes remain integral for achieving homeostasis and driving plant development, reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as critical, fast-acting orchestrators that link abiotic and biotic responses to plant homeostasis and development. In addition to the suite of enzymatic and non-enzymatic ROS processing pathways that plants possess, they also rely on their microbiota to buffer and maintain the oxidative window needed to balance anabolic and catabolic processes. Strong evidence has been communicated recently that links ROS regulation to the aggregated function(s) of commensal microbiota and plant-growth-promoting microbes. To date, many reports have put forth insightful syntheses that either detail ROS regulation across plant development (independent of plant microbiota) or examine abiotic–biotic feedbacks in plant microbiomes (independent of clear emphases on ROS regulation). Here we provide a novel synthesis that incorporates recent findings regarding ROS and plant development in the context of both microbiota regulation and plant-associated microbes. Specifically, we discuss various roles of ROS across plant development to strengthen the links between plant microbiome functioning and ROS regulation for both basic and applied research aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Berrios
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jeremy D. Rentsch
- Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29502, USA;
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Yu D, Li X, Li Y, Ali F, Li F, Wang Z. Dynamic roles and intricate mechanisms of ethylene in epidermal hair development in Arabidopsis and cotton. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:375-391. [PMID: 34882809 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene affects many aspects of plant growth and development, including root hairs and trichomes growth in Arabidopsis, as well as fiber development in cotton, though the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this article, we update the research progress associated with the main genes in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathway, and we propose a clear ethylene pathway based on genome-wide identification of homologues in cotton. Expression pattern analysis using transcriptome data revealed that some candidate genes may contribute to cotton fiber development through the ethylene pathway. Moreover, we systematically summarized the effects of ethylene on the development of epidermal hair and the underlying regulatory mechanisms in Arabidopsis. Based on the knowledge of ethylene-promoted cell differentiation, elongation, and development in different tissues or plants, we advised a possible regulatory network for cotton fiber development with ethylene as the hub. Importantly, we emphasized the roles of ethylene as an important node in regulating cotton vegetative growth, and stress resistance, and suggested utilizing multiple methods to subtly modify ethylene synthesis or signaling in a tissue or spatiotemporal-specific manner to clarify its exact effect on architecture, adaptability of the plant, and fiber development, paving the way for basic research and genetic improvement of the cotton crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoqian Yu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Faiza Ali
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
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35
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Chloroplast Thylakoidal Ascorbate Peroxidase, PtotAPX, Has Enhanced Resistance to Oxidative Stress in Populus tomentosa. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063340. [PMID: 35328760 PMCID: PMC8953715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts are the most major producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during photosynthesis. However, the function of thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase (tAPX) in response to oxidative stress in wood trees is largely unknown. Our results showed that PtotAPX of Populus tomentosa could effectively utilize ascorbic acid (AsA) to hydrolyze hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro. The overexpression or antisense of PtotAPX (OX-PtotAPX or anti-PtotAPX, respectively) in Populus tomentosa plants did not significantly affect plant morphology during plant growth. When treated with methyl viologen (MV), the OX-PtotAPX plants exhibited less morphological damage under stress conditions compared to WT plants. OX-PtotAPX plants maintained lower H2O2 levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, but more reduced AsA levels, a higher photosynthetic rate (Pn), and the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), whereas anti-PtotAPX plants showed the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, the activity of APX was slightly higher in OX-PtotAPX under normal growth conditions, and this activity significantly decreased after stress treatment, which was the lowest in anti-P. Based on these results, we propose that PtotAPX is important for protecting the photosynthetic machinery under severe oxidative stress conditions in P. tomentosa, and is a potential genetic resource for regulating the stress tolerance of woody plants.
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Bashir SS, Hussain A, Hussain SJ, Wani OA, Zahid Nabi S, Dar NA, Baloch FS, Mansoor S. Plant drought stress tolerance: understanding its physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.2020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shanawaz Bashir
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Science, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjuman Hussain
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sofi Javed Hussain
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Owais Ali Wani
- Department of Soil Science, FoA, Wadura, Sopore, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology Shalimar Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh Zahid Nabi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
| | - Niyaz A. Dar
- ARSSSS Pampore, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Faheem Shehzad Baloch
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, India
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37
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Romero-Puertas MC, Peláez-Vico MÁ, Pazmiño DM, Rodríguez-Serrano M, Terrón-Camero L, Bautista R, Gómez-Cadenas A, Claros MG, León J, Sandalio LM. Insights into ROS-dependent signalling underlying transcriptomic plant responses to the herbicide 2,4-D. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:572-590. [PMID: 34800292 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) functions as an agronomic weed control herbicide. High concentrations of 2,4-D induce plant growth defects, particularly leaf epinasty and stem curvature. Although the 2,4-D triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, little is known about its signalling. In this study, by using a null mutant in peroxisomal acyl CoA oxidase 1 (acx1-2), we identified acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACX1) as one of the main sources of ROS production and, in part, also causing the epinastic phenotype following 2,4-D application. Transcriptomic analyses of wild type (WT) plants after treatment with 2,4-D revealed a ROS-related peroxisomal footprint in early plant responses, while other organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, are involved in later responses. Interestingly, a group of 2,4-D-responsive ACX1-dependent transcripts previously associated with epinasty is related to auxin biosynthesis, metabolism, and signalling. We found that the auxin receptor auxin signalling F-box 3 (AFB3), a component of Skp, Cullin, F-box containing complex (SCF) (ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which mediates auxin/indole acetic acid (AUX/IAA) degradation by the 26S proteasome, acts downstream of ACX1 and is involved in the epinastic phenotype induced by 2,4-D. We also found that protein degradation associated with ubiquitin E3-RING and E3-SCF-FBOX in ACX1-dependent signalling in plant responses to 2,4-D is significantly regulated over longer treatment periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Romero-Puertas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, EEZ, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Diana M Pazmiño
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, EEZ, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Serrano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, EEZ, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Bautista
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática-SCBI, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Department Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - M Gonzalo Claros
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática-SCBI, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Ciencias, Univ. de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - José León
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Univ. Valencia), CPI Edificio 8E, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, EEZ, CSIC, Granada, Spain
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38
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Cheng G, Wang M, Zhang L, Wei H, Wang H, Lu J, Yu S. Overexpression of a Cotton Aquaporin Gene GhTIP1;1-like Confers Cold Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031361. [PMID: 35163287 PMCID: PMC8836057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress can significantly affect the development, yield, and quality of crops and restrict the geographical distribution and growing seasons of plants. Aquaporins are the main channels for water transport in plant cells. Abiotic stresses such as cold and drought dehydrate cells by changing the water potential. In this study, we cloned a gene GhTIP1;1-like encodes tonoplast aquaporin from the transcriptome database of cotton seedlings after cold stress. Expression analysis showed that GhTIP1;1-like not only responds to cold stress but was also induced by heat, drought and salt stress. Subcellular localization showed that the protein was anchored to the vacuole membrane. Promoter deletion analysis revealed that a MYC motif within the promoter region of GhTIP1;1-like were the core cis-elements in response to low temperature. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and histochemical staining indicate that GhTIP1;1-like plays a positive role in plant cold tolerance. Overexpression of GhTIP1;1-like in Arabidopsis delayed the senescence process and enhanced the cold tolerance of transgenic plants. Compared with the wild type, the soluble protein concentration and peroxidase activity of the transgenic lines under cold stress were higher, while the malondialdehyde content was lower. In addition, the expression levels of cold-responsive genes were significantly increased in transgenic plants under cold stress. Our results indicate that GhTIP1;1-like could respond to different abiotic stresses and be positively involved in regulating the cold tolerance of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongmin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; (G.C.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
- School of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China;
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- School of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China;
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Longyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; (G.C.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; (G.C.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; (G.C.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; (G.C.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China; (G.C.); (L.Z.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (J.L.)
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-188-0372-9718
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39
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Li H, Chen H, Chen L, Wang C. The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Plant Roots during Development and in Response to Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031024. [PMID: 35162947 PMCID: PMC8835357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is regarded as a “New Warrior” for managing plant stress. It also plays an important role in plant growth and development. The regulation of root system architecture (RSA) by H2S has been widely recognized. Plants are dependent on the RSA to meet their water and nutritional requirements. They are also partially dependent on the RSA for adapting to environment change. Therefore, a good understanding of how H2S affects the RSA could lead to improvements in both crop function and resistance to environmental change. In this review, we summarized the regulating effects of H2S on the RSA in terms of primary root growth, lateral and adventitious root formation, root hair development, and the formation of nodules. We also discussed the genes involved in the regulation of the RSA by H2S, and the relationships with other signal pathways. In addition, we discussed how H2S regulates root growth in response to abiotic stress. This review could provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of H2S in roots during development and under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.C.); (L.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Hongyu Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Lulu Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Chenyang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University,
Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (C.W.)
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40
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Laschke L, Schütz V, Schackow O, Sicker D, Hennig L, Hofmann D, Dörmann P, Schulz M. Survival of Plants During Short-Term BOA-OH Exposure: ROS Related Gene Expression and Detoxification Reactions Are Accompanied With Fast Membrane Lipid Repair in Root Tips. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:219-239. [PMID: 34988771 PMCID: PMC8881443 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For the characterization of BOA-OH insensitive plants, we studied the time-dependent effects of the benzoxazolinone-4/5/6/7-OH isomers on maize roots. Exposure of Zea mays seedlings to 0.5 mM BOA-OH elicits root zone-specific reactions by the formation of dark rings and spots in the zone of lateral roots, high catalase activity on root hairs, and no visible defense reaction at the root tip. We studied BOA-6-OH- short-term effects on membrane lipids and fatty acids in maize root tips in comparison to the benzoxazinone-free species Abutilon theophrasti Medik. Decreased contents of phosphatidylinositol in A. theophrasti and phosphatidylcholine in maize were found after 10-30 min. In the youngest tissue, α-linoleic acid (18:2), decreased considerably in both species and recovered within one hr. Disturbances in membrane phospholipid contents were balanced in both species within 30-60 min. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) were also affected, but levels of maize diacylglycerols (DAGs) were almost unchanged, suggesting a release of fatty acids for membrane lipid regeneration from TAGs while resulting DAGs are buildings blocks for phospholipid reconstitution, concomitant with BOA-6-OH glucosylation. Expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and of ER-bound oleoyl desaturase (FAD2-2) genes were contemporaneously up regulated in contrast to the catalase CAT1, while CAT3 was arguably involved at a later stage of the detoxification process. Immuno-responses were not elicited in short-terms, since the expression of NPR1, POX12 were barely affected, PR4 after 6 h with BOA-4/7-OH and PR1 after 24 h with BOA-5/6-OH. The rapid membrane recovery, reactive oxygen species, and allelochemical detoxification may be characteristic for BOA-OH insensitive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Laschke
- IMBIO Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vadim Schütz
- IMBIO Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Schackow
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Institut Für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dieter Sicker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Institut Für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lothar Hennig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Institut Für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana Hofmann
- IBG-3: Agrosphäre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- IMBIO Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Margot Schulz
- IMBIO Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Kanwar P, Sanyal SK, Mahiwal S, Ravi B, Kaur K, Fernandes JL, Yadav AK, Tokas I, Srivastava AK, Suprasanna P, Pandey GK. CIPK9 targets VDAC3 and modulates oxidative stress responses in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:241-260. [PMID: 34748255 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+ ) is widely recognized as a key second messenger in mediating various plant adaptive responses. Here we show that calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase CIPK9 along with its interacting partner VDAC3 identified in the present study are involved in mediating plant responses to methyl viologen (MV). CIPK9 physically interacts with and phosphorylates VDAC3. Co-localization, co-immunoprecipitation, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments proved their physical interaction in planta. Both cipk9 and vdac3 mutants exhibited a tolerant phenotype against MV-induced oxidative stress, which coincided with the lower-level accumulation of reactive oxygen species in their roots. In addition, the analysis of cipk9vdac3 double mutant and VDAC3 overexpressing plants revealed that CIPK9 and VDAC3 were involved in the same pathway for inducing MV-dependent oxidative stress. The response to MV was suppressed by the addition of lanthanum chloride, a non-specific Ca2+ channel blocker indicating the role of Ca2+ in this pathway. Our study suggest that CIPK9-VDAC3 module may act as a key component in mediating oxidative stress responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Kanwar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Sibaji K Sanyal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Swati Mahiwal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Barkha Ravi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Kanwaljeet Kaur
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Joel L Fernandes
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Akhilesh K Yadav
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Indu Tokas
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Ashish K Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
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42
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Ding Y, Gardiner DM, Powell JJ, Colgrave ML, Park RF, Kazan K. Adaptive defence and sensing responses of host plant roots to fungal pathogen attack revealed by transcriptome and metabolome analyses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3526-3544. [PMID: 34591319 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant root-produced constitutive and inducible defences inhibit pathogenic microorganisms within roots and in the rhizosphere. However, regulatory mechanisms underlying host responses during root-pathogen interactions are largely unexplored. Using the model species Brachypodium distachyon (Bd), we studied transcriptional and metabolic responses altered in Bd roots following challenge with Fusarium graminearum (Fg), a fungal pathogen that causes diseases in diverse organs of cereal crops. Shared gene expression patterns were found between Bd roots and spikes during Fg infection associated with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Overexpression of BdMYB78, an up-regulated transcription factor, significantly increased root resistance during Fg infection. We show that Bd roots recognize encroaching Fg prior to physical contact by altering transcription of genes associated with multiple cellular processes such as reactive oxygen species and cell development. These changes coincide with altered levels of secreted host metabolites detected by an untargeted metabolomic approach. The secretion of Bd metabolites was suppressed by Fg as enhanced levels of defence-associated metabolites were found in roots during pre-contact with a Fg mutant defective in host perception and the ability to cause disease. Our results help to understand root defence strategies employed by plants, with potential implications for improving the resistance of cereal crops to soil pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- The Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Donald M Gardiner
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle L Colgrave
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert F Park
- The Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kemal Kazan
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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43
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Zhao J, Sun Q, Quentin M, Ling J, Abad P, Zhang X, Li Y, Yang Y, Favery B, Mao Z, Xie B. A Meloidogyne incognita C-type lectin effector targets plant catalases to promote parasitism. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2124-2137. [PMID: 34449897 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., secrete effectors to modulate plant immune responses and establish a parasitic relationship with host plants. However, the functions and plant targets of C-type lectin (CTL)-like effectors of Meloidogyne incognita remain unknown. Here, we characterized a CTL-like effector of M. incognita, MiCTL1a, and identified its target and role in nematode parasitism. In situ hybridization demonstrated the expression of MiCTL1 in the subventral glands; and in planta, immunolocalization showed its secretion during M. incognita parasitism. Virus-induced gene silencing of the MiCTL1 reduced the infection ability of M. incognita in Nicotiana benthamiana. The ectopic expression in Arabidopsis not only increased susceptibility to M. incognita but also promoted root growth. Yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that MiCTL1a interacts with Arabidopsis catalases, which play essential roles in hydrogen peroxide homeostasis. Knockout or overexpression of catalases showed either increased or reduced susceptibility to M. incognita, respectively. Moreover, MiCTL1a not only reduced catalase activity in vitro and in planta but also modulated stress-related gene expressions in Arabidopsis. Our data suggest that MiCTL1a interacts with plant catalases and interferes with catalase activity, allowing M. incognita to establish a parasitic relationship with its host by fine-tuning responses mediated by reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Zhao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Michaël Quentin
- INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Université Côte d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, F-06903, France
| | - Jian Ling
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pierre Abad
- INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Université Côte d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, F-06903, France
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
- Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, 024099, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bruno Favery
- INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Université Côte d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, F-06903, France
| | - Zhenchuan Mao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bingyan Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
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44
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Dragišić Maksimović J, Mojović M, Vučinić Ž, Maksimović V. Spatial distribution of apoplastic antioxidative constituents in maize root. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:818-828. [PMID: 34109632 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Apoplastic antioxidative constituents (enzymes, primary and secondary metabolites, ROS) from different root zones of hydroponically grown maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated using a noninvasive isolation procedure: filter strip method. Filter strips were placed at specific positions on the root surface: apical zone (tip) and basal zone (base) to absorb apoplastic fluid. Three major classes of low-weight metabolites (organic acids, sugars, and phenolics) have been identified by HPLC-ECD. The longitudinal distribution of sugars and organic acids had the same pattern: higher concentration in the tip than the base, while it was vice versa for phenolics. The specific activities of guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase were higher in the apoplastic fluid from the root base than the tip, and their different isoforms were separated by isoelectric focusing. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled with the spin-trapping method using DEPMPO showed a persistent generation of hydroxyl radical in the root tip. In vivo EPR imaging of the whole maize root with membrane-permeable and impermeable aminoxyl spin-probes, enabling real-time detection of ROS formation within and outside the membranes, demonstrated ROS accumulation on the root surface, while endodermis and central cylinder were ROS free. For the first time in plant research, 2D EPR images enabled the direct demonstration of site-specific free radical production along the root. Highly sensitive analytical techniques combined with the filter strips, as a non-invasive tool, have increased our knowledge of metabolic processes occurring in the apoplast and their spatial-temporal changes in small regions of the intact root tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miloš Mojović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željko Vučinić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk Maksimović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mišúthová A, Slováková Ľ, Kollárová K, Vaculík M. Effect of silicon on root growth, ionomics and antioxidant performance of maize roots exposed to As toxicity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:155-166. [PMID: 34628176 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the biggest challenges of plant physiology is to find out the ways how to mitigate negative impacts of abiotic stress on plants. It is the pollution of groundwater or soil by various metals and metalloids that significantly affects the quality of life. Both arsenic (As) and silicon (Si) are metalloids - while the first one is toxic in general, the latter one is considered as beneficial for plants suffering from various kinds of stresses. The aim of our work was to elucidate the growth and development of young maize (Zea mays L.) plants exposed to both of these metalloids simultaneously. Experiments were focused on the comparison of root growth and biomass allocation, changes in uptake of macro- and micronutrients, visualisation of free radicals along with monitoring of the dynamics of main antioxidant enzymes activity in roots. The results showed that increasing concentration of As (75 and 150 μM As) severely inhibited root length and the amount of biomass, and addition of Si (2.5 mM) to the medium containing As did not have a significant effect on root growth. Similarly, the application of Si did not influence the uptake of macro- and microelements into the roots (mainly Ca, P, K, Mo, Cu, Zn and Ni) which was mostly decreased due to As. On the other hand, Si significantly decreased the presence of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in roots that suffered from As toxicity. Although the overall growth of maize plants was not improved by Si amendment, we assume that Si might affect the functionality of key antioxidant enzymes in time, and in this way at least partially help to overcome negative effects of As on maize roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mišúthová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina B2, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Slováková
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina B2, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karin Kollárová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina B2, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina B2, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 23, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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46
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Shariatipour N, Heidari B, Tahmasebi A, Richards C. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated With Micronutrient Contents, Grain Quality, and Agronomic Traits in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:709817. [PMID: 34712248 PMCID: PMC8546302 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.709817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Comparative genomics and meta-quantitative trait loci (MQTLs) analysis are important tools for the identification of reliable and stable QTLs and functional genes controlling quantitative traits. We conducted a meta-analysis to identify the most stable QTLs for grain yield (GY), grain quality traits, and micronutrient contents in wheat. A total of 735 QTLs retrieved from 27 independent mapping populations reported in the last 13 years were used for the meta-analysis. The results showed that 449 QTLs were successfully projected onto the genetic consensus map which condensed to 100 MQTLs distributed on wheat chromosomes. This consolidation of MQTLs resulted in a three-fold reduction in the confidence interval (CI) compared with the CI for the initial QTLs. Projection of QTLs revealed that the majority of QTLs and MQTLs were in the non-telomeric regions of chromosomes. The majority of micronutrient MQTLs were located on the A and D genomes. The QTLs of thousand kernel weight (TKW) were frequently associated with QTLs for GY and grain protein content (GPC) with co-localization occurring at 55 and 63%, respectively. The co- localization of QTLs for GY and grain Fe was found to be 52% and for QTLs of grain Fe and Zn, it was found to be 66%. The genomic collinearity within Poaceae allowed us to identify 16 orthologous MQTLs (OrMQTLs) in wheat, rice, and maize. Annotation of promising candidate genes (CGs) located in the genomic intervals of the stable MQTLs indicated that several CGs (e.g., TraesCS2A02G141400, TraesCS3B02G040900, TraesCS4D02G323700, TraesCS3B02G077100, and TraesCS4D02G290900) had effects on micronutrients contents, yield, and yield-related traits. The mapping refinements leading to the identification of these CGs provide an opportunity to understand the genetic mechanisms driving quantitative variation for these traits and apply this information for crop improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikwan Shariatipour
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahram Heidari
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tahmasebi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Christopher Richards
- USDA ARS National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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47
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Akter S, Khan MS, Smith EN, Flashman E. Measuring ROS and redox markers in plant cells. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1384-1401. [PMID: 34704044 PMCID: PMC8495998 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced throughout plant cells as a by-product of electron transfer processes. While highly oxidative and potentially damaging to a range of biomolecules, there exists a suite of ROS-scavenging antioxidant strategies that maintain a redox equilibrium. This balance can be disrupted in the event of cellular stress leading to increased ROS levels, which can act as a useful stress signal but, in excess, can result in cell damage and death. As crop plants become exposed to greater degrees of multiple stresses due to climate change, efforts are ongoing to engineer plants with greater stress tolerance. It is therefore important to understand the pathways underpinning ROS-mediated signalling and damage, both through measuring ROS themselves and other indicators of redox imbalance. The highly reactive and transient nature of ROS makes this challenging to achieve, particularly in a way that is specific to individual ROS species. In this review, we describe the range of chemical and biological tools and techniques currently available for ROS and redox marker measurement in plant cells and tissues. We discuss the limitations inherent in current methodology and opportunities for advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Akter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahneawz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
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48
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Sekmen Cetinel AH, Yalcinkaya T, Akyol TY, Gokce A, Turkan I. Pretreatment of seeds with hydrogen peroxide improves deep-sowing tolerance of wheat seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:321-336. [PMID: 34392045 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a prevalent natural factor limiting crop production in arid regions across the world. To overcome this limitation, seeds are sown much deeper to boost germination by soil moisture produced by underground water. Seed pretreatment can effectively induce deep-sowing tolerance in plants. In the present study, we evaluated whether H2O2 pretreatment of seeds can initiate metabolic changes and lead to improved deep-sowing tolerance in wheat. Pretreatment with 0.05 μM H2O2 promoted first internode elongation by 13% in the deep-sowing tolerant wheat cultivar "Tir" and by 32% in the sensitive cultivar "Kıraç-66" under deep-sowing conditions, whereas internode elongation was inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium chloride. In contrast to Tir seedlings, H2O2 levels in the first internode of Kıraç-66 seedlings increased under deep-sowing condition in the H2O2-treated group compared to controls. Moreover, these seedlings had significantly lower catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities but higher NADPH oxidase (NOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities under the same conditions, which consequently induced greater H2O2 accumulation. Contrary to Tir, both total glutathione and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity decreased in Kıraç-66 after deep-sowing at 10 cm. However, H2O2 treatment increased the total glutathione amounts and the activities of glutathione-related enzymes (except GST and GPX) in the first internode of Kıraç-66. Taken together, these data support that H2O2 acts as a signaling molecule in the activation of antioxidant enzymes (specifically NOX, SOD, and CAT), regulation of both glutathione-related enzymes and total glutathione content, and upregulation of the cell wall-loosening protein gene TaEXPB23.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tolga Yalcinkaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Turgut Yigit Akyol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Azime Gokce
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
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49
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Simpson T, Ku KM. Metabolomics and Physiological Approach to Understand Allelopathic Effect of Horseradish Extract on Onion Root and Lettuce Seed as Model Organism. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10101992. [PMID: 34685801 PMCID: PMC8539871 DOI: 10.3390/plants10101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we assessed the allelopathic effects of various concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) of horseradish root extract (HRE) on onion root. The average growth of onion root tips during the 0% HRE treatment (deionized water treatment) was 0.9 cm/day, which was the highest among the growth rates obtained with all HRE treatments. Moreover, the average growth during 0.3% HRE treatment was 0.1 cm/day. During cell cycle analysis, the mitotic phase fraction of the control (deionized water treatment) cells was 6.5% of all dividing cells, with this percentage being the highest among the values obtained for all treatment groups. In the control group, all cell cycle phases were identified; however, in the 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% treatment groups, telophase was not identified. The ROS accumulation area of the onion root decreased, as the HRE treatment concentration increased. In the control root, the area of dead tissue was 0%; however, in the 0.1% and 0.2% HRE treatment roots, the ratio was 5% and 50%, respectively. These findings indicate that the allelopathic effect of HRE depends on the concentration of HRE applied to the onion root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Simpson
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA;
| | - Kang-Mo Ku
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA;
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea
- BK21 Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence:
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50
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Chang BM, Keller M. Cuticle and skin cell walls have common and unique roles in grape berry splitting. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:168. [PMID: 34333518 PMCID: PMC8325674 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The skin protects a fruit from environmental stresses and supports the fruit's structure. Failure of the skin leads to fruit splitting and may compromise commercial production for fruit growers. The mechanical properties of the cuticle and skin cell walls might influence the splitting susceptibility of fleshy fruits. Thin shell theory and fracture mechanics were utilized in this study to target the potential factors contributing to splitting susceptibility. The study analyzed the structure of the cuticle and epidermis in ripening grape berries and examined the temporal dynamics of berry splitting. Cuticular waxes were partially removed, and skin cell walls were manipulated using wall stiffening and loosening solutions that altered reactions involving hydrogen peroxide. A more than twofold difference in cuticle thickness among grape cultivars did not account for their differences in splitting resistance. However, while removing predominantly epicuticular wax did not alter the berries' splitting resistance, their surface appearance and increasing yield strength following partial wax removal support the notion that cuticular waxes contribute to berry mechanical properties. Immersing berries in H2O2-based cell wall loosening solutions increased the splitting probability and accelerated berry splitting, whereas cell wall stiffening solutions decreased the splitting probability and delayed berry splitting. These results showed that both cuticle and skin cell walls contribute to the mechanical properties of grape berries and to their splitting resistance. The results also suggest that the two current explanations for fruit splitting, the critical turgor model and the zipper model, should be viewed as complementary rather than incompatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Min Chang
- Department of Horticulture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | - Markus Keller
- Department of Horticulture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA.
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