1
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Ding L, Fox AR, Chaumont F. Multifaceted role and regulation of aquaporins for efficient stomatal movements. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3330-3343. [PMID: 38742465 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Stomata are micropores on the leaf epidermis that allow carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake for photosynthesis at the expense of water loss through transpiration. Stomata coordinate the plant gas exchange of carbon and water with the atmosphere through their opening and closing dynamics. In the context of global climate change, it is essential to better understand the mechanism of stomatal movements under different environmental stimuli. Aquaporins (AQPs) are considered important regulators of stomatal movements by contributing to membrane diffusion of water, CO2 and hydrogen peroxide. This review compiles the most recent findings and discusses future directions to update our knowledge of the role of AQPs in stomatal movements. After highlighting the role of subsidiary cells (SCs), which contribute to the high water use efficiency of grass stomata, we explore the expression of AQP genes in guard cells and SCs. We then focus on the cellular regulation of AQP activity at the protein level in stomata. After introducing their post-translational modifications, we detail their trafficking as well as their physical interaction with various partners that regulate AQP subcellular dynamics towards and within specific regions of the cell membranes, such as microdomains and membrane contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ana Romina Fox
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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2
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Leverett A, Kromdijk J. The long and tortuous path towards improving photosynthesis by engineering elevated mesophyll conductance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3411-3427. [PMID: 38804598 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The growing demand for global food production is likely to be a defining issue facing humanity over the next 50 years. To tackle this challenge, there is a desire to bioengineer crops with higher photosynthetic efficiencies, to increase yields. Recently, there has been a growing interest in engineering leaves with higher mesophyll conductance (gm), which would allow CO2 to move more efficiently from the substomatal cavities to the chloroplast stroma. However, if crop yield gains are to be realised through this approach, it is essential that the methodological limitations associated with estimating gm are fully appreciated. In this review, we summarise these limitations, and outline the uncertainties and assumptions that can affect the final estimation of gm. Furthermore, we critically assess the predicted quantitative effect that elevating gm will have on assimilation rates in crop species. We highlight the need for more theoretical modelling to determine whether altering gm is truly a viable route to improve crop performance. Finally, we offer suggestions to guide future research on gm, which will help mitigate the uncertainty inherently associated with estimating this parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Leverett
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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3
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Takagi H, Ito S, Shim JS, Kubota A, Hempton AK, Lee N, Suzuki T, Yang C, Nolan CT, Bubb KL, Alexandre CM, Kurihara D, Sato Y, Tada Y, Kiba T, Pruneda-Paz JL, Queitsch C, Cuperus JT, Imaizumi T. A florigen-expressing subpopulation of companion cells expresses other small proteins and reveals a nitrogen-sensitive FT repressor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.17.608367. [PMID: 39229231 PMCID: PMC11370445 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.17.608367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The precise onset of flowering is crucial to ensure successful plant reproduction. The gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) encodes florigen, a mobile signal produced in leaves that initiates flowering at the shoot apical meristem. In response to seasonal changes, FT is induced in phloem companion cells located in distal leaf regions. Thus far, a detailed molecular characterization of the FT-expressing cells has been lacking. Here, we used bulk nuclei RNA-seq and single nuclei RNA (snRNA)-seq to investigate gene expression in FT-expressing cells and other phloem companion cells. Our bulk nuclei RNA-seq demonstrated that FT-expressing cells in cotyledons and in true leaves differed transcriptionally. Within the true leaves, our snRNA-seq analysis revealed that companion cells with high FT expression form a unique cluster in which many genes involved in ATP biosynthesis are highly upregulated. The cluster also expresses other genes encoding small proteins, including the flowering and stem growth inducer FPF1-LIKE PROTEIN 1 (FLP1) and the anti-florigen BROTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (BFT). In addition, we found that the promoters of FT and the genes co-expressed with FT in the cluster were enriched for the consensus binding motifs of NITRATE-INDUCIBLE GARP-TYPE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR 1 (NIGT1). Overexpression of the paralogous NIGT1.2 and NIGT1.4 repressed FT expression and significantly delayed flowering under nitrogen-rich conditions, consistent with NIGT1s acting as nitrogen-dependent FT repressors. Taken together, our results demonstrate that major FT-expressing cells show a distinct expression profile that suggests that these cells may produce multiple systemic signals to regulate plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takagi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shogo Ito
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Akane Kubota
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Andrew K Hempton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Nayoung Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
- Research Institute of Molecular Alchemy (RIMA), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Chansie Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Christine T Nolan
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Kerry L Bubb
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Cristina M Alexandre
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research (IAR), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kiba
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jose L Pruneda-Paz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christine Queitsch
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Josh T Cuperus
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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4
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Romero-Munar A, Muñoz-Carrasco M, Balestrini R, De Rose S, Giovannini L, Aroca R, Ruiz-Lozano JM. Differential root and cell regulation of maize aquaporins by the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis highlights its role in plant water relations. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38965812 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate if the regulation of plant aquaporins by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis occurs only in roots or cells colonized by the fungus or at whole root system. Maize plants were cultivated in a split-root system, with half of the root system inoculated with the AM fungus and the other half uninoculated. Plant growth and hydraulic parameters were measured and aquaporin gene expression was determined in each root fraction and in microdissected cells. Under well-watered conditions, the non-colonized root fractions of AM plants grew more than the colonized root fraction. Total osmotic and hydrostatic root hydraulic conductivities (Lo and Lpr) were higher in AM plants than in non-mycorrhizal plants. The expression of most maize aquaporin genes analysed was different in the mycorrhizal root fraction than in the non-mycorrhizal root fraction of AM plants. At the cellular level, differential aquaporin expression in AM-colonized cells and in uncolonized cells was also observed. Results indicate the existence of both, local and systemic regulation of plant aquaporins by the AM symbiosis and suggest that such regulation is related to the availability of water taken up by fungal hyphae in each root fraction and to the plant need of water mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Romero-Munar
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María Muñoz-Carrasco
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia De Rose
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Giovannini
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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5
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Zhang F, Wang C, Yao J, Xing C, Xu K, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Qiao Q, Dong H, Han C, Lin L, Zhang S, Huang X. PbHsfC1a-coordinates ABA biosynthesis and H 2O 2 signalling pathways to improve drought tolerance in Pyrus betulaefolia. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1177-1197. [PMID: 38041554 PMCID: PMC11022796 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses have had a substantial impact on fruit crop output and quality. Plants have evolved an efficient immune system to combat abiotic stress, which employs reactive oxygen species (ROS) to activate the downstream defence response signals. Although an aquaporin protein encoded by PbPIP1;4 is identified from transcriptome analysis of Pyrus betulaefolia plants under drought treatments, little attention has been paid to the role of PIP and ROS in responding to abiotic stresses in pear plants. In this study, we discovered that overexpression of PbPIP1;4 in pear callus improved tolerance to oxidative and osmotic stresses by reconstructing redox homeostasis and ABA signal pathways. PbPIP1;4 overexpression enhanced the transport of H2O2 into pear and yeast cells. Overexpression of PbPIP1;4 in Arabidopsis plants mitigates the stress effects caused by adding ABA, including stomatal closure and reduction of seed germination and seedling growth. Overexpression of PbPIP1;4 in Arabidopsis plants decreases drought-induced leaf withering. The PbPIP1;4 promoter could be bound and activated by TF PbHsfC1a. Overexpression of PbHsfC1a in Arabidopsis plants rescued the leaf from wilting under drought stress. PbHsfC1a could bind to and activate AtNCED4 and PbNCED4 promoters, but the activation could be inhibited by adding ABA. Besides, PbNCED expression was up-regulated under H2O2 treatment but down-regulated under ABA treatment. In conclusion, this study revealed that PbHsfC1a is a positive regulator of abiotic stress, by targeting PbPIP1;4 and PbNCED4 promoters and activating their expression to mediate redox homeostasis and ABA biosynthesis. It provides valuable information for breeding drought-resistant pear cultivars through gene modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jia‐Long Yao
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Caihua Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qinghai Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Huizhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chenyang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Likun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaosan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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6
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Baena G, Xia L, Waghmare S, Yu Z, Guo Y, Blatt MR, Zhang B, Karnik R. Arabidopsis SNARE SYP132 impacts on PIP2;1 trafficking and function in salinity stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1036-1053. [PMID: 38289468 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In plants so-called plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) are major water channels governing plant water status. Membrane trafficking contributes to functional regulation of major PIPs and is crucial for abiotic stress resilience. Arabidopsis PIP2;1 is rapidly internalised from the plasma membrane in response to high salinity to regulate osmotic water transport, but knowledge of the underlying mechanisms is fragmentary. Here we show that PIP2;1 occurs in complex with SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS 132 (SYP132) together with the plasma membrane H+-ATPase AHA1 as evidenced through in vivo and in vitro analysis. SYP132 is a multifaceted vesicle trafficking protein, known to interact with AHA1 and promote endocytosis to impact growth and pathogen defence. Tracking native proteins in immunoblot analysis, we found that salinity stress enhances SYP132 interactions with PIP2;1 and PIP2;2 isoforms to promote redistribution of the water channels away from the plasma membrane. Concurrently, AHA1 binding within the SYP132-complex was significantly reduced under salinity stress and increased the density of AHA1 proteins at the plasma membrane in leaf tissue. Manipulating SYP132 function in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced resilience to salinity stress and analysis in heterologous systems suggested that the SNARE influences PIP2;1 osmotic water permeability. We propose therefore that SYP132 coordinates AHA1 and PIP2;1 abundance at the plasma membrane and influences leaf hydraulics to regulate plant responses to abiotic stress signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Baena
- Plant Science Group, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Lingfeng Xia
- Plant Science Group, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sakharam Waghmare
- Plant Science Group, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - ZhiYi Yu
- Plant Science Group, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Yue Guo
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Plant Science Group, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ben Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Rucha Karnik
- Plant Science Group, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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7
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Yu B, Chao DY, Zhao Y. How plants sense and respond to osmotic stress. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:394-423. [PMID: 38329193 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses to land plants. Plants sense and respond to drought stress to survive under water deficiency. Scientists have studied how plants sense drought stress, or osmotic stress caused by drought, ever since Charles Darwin, and gradually obtained clues about osmotic stress sensing and signaling in plants. Osmotic stress is a physical stimulus that triggers many physiological changes at the cellular level, including changes in turgor, cell wall stiffness and integrity, membrane tension, and cell fluid volume, and plants may sense some of these stimuli and trigger downstream responses. In this review, we emphasized water potential and movements in organisms, compared putative signal inputs in cell wall-containing and cell wall-free organisms, prospected how plants sense changes in turgor, membrane tension, and cell fluid volume under osmotic stress according to advances in plants, animals, yeasts, and bacteria, summarized multilevel biochemical and physiological signal outputs, such as plasma membrane nanodomain formation, membrane water permeability, root hydrotropism, root halotropism, Casparian strip and suberin lamellae, and finally proposed a hypothesis that osmotic stress responses are likely to be a cocktail of signaling mediated by multiple osmosensors. We also discussed the core scientific questions, provided perspective about the future directions in this field, and highlighted the importance of robust and smart root systems and efficient source-sink allocations for generating future high-yield stress-resistant crops and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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8
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Grunwald Y, Yaaran A, Moshelion M. Illuminating plant water dynamics: the role of light in leaf hydraulic regulation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1404-1414. [PMID: 38155452 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Light intensity and quality influence photosynthesis directly but also have an indirect effect by increasing stomatal apertures and enhancing gas exchange. Consequently, in areas such as the upper canopy, a high water demand for transpiration and temperature regulation is created. This paper explores how light intensity and the natural high Blue-Light (BL) : Red-Light (RL) ratio in these areas, is important for controlling leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ) by BL signal transduction, increasing water permeability in cells surrounding the vascular tissue, in supporting the enormous water demands. Conversely, shaded inner-canopy areas receive less radiation, have lower water and cooling demands, and exhibit reduced Kleaf due to diminished intensity and BL induction. Intriguingly, shaded leaves display higher water-use efficiency (compared with upper-canopy) due to decreased transpiration and cooling requirements while the presence of RL supports photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Grunwald
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- The Plant & Environmental Sciences Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7632706, Israel
| | - Adi Yaaran
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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9
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Shahzad Z, Tournaire-Roux C, Canut M, Adamo M, Roeder J, Verdoucq L, Martinière A, Amtmann A, Santoni V, Grill E, Loudet O, Maurel C. Protein kinase SnRK2.4 is a key regulator of aquaporins and root hydraulics in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:264-279. [PMID: 37844131 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil water uptake by roots is a key component of plant water homeostasis contributing to plant growth and survival under ever-changing environmental conditions. The water transport capacity of roots (root hydraulic conductivity; Lpr ) is mostly contributed by finely regulated Plasma membrane Intrinsic Protein (PIP) aquaporins. In this study, we used natural variation of Arabidopsis for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to Lpr . Using recombinant lines from a biparental cross (Cvi-0 x Col-0), we show that the gene encoding class 2 Sucrose-Non-Fermenting Protein kinase 2.4 (SnRK2.4) in Col-0 contributes to >30% of Lpr by enhancing aquaporin-dependent water transport. At variance with the inactive and possibly unstable Cvi-0 SnRK2.4 form, the Col-0 form interacts with and phosphorylates the prototypal PIP2;1 aquaporin at Ser121 and stimulates its water transport activity upon coexpression in Xenopus oocytes and yeast cells. Activation of PIP2;1 by Col-0 SnRK2.4 in yeast also requires its protein kinase activity and can be counteracted by clade A Protein Phosphatases 2C. SnRK2.4 shows all hallmarks to be part of core abscisic acid (ABA) signaling modules. Yet, long-term (>3 h) inhibition of Lpr by ABA possibly involves a SnRK2.4-independent inhibition of PIP2;1. SnRK2.4 also promotes stomatal aperture and ABA-induced inhibition of primary root growth. The study identifies a key component of Lpr and sheds new light on the functional overlap and specificity of SnRK2.4 with respect to other ABA-dependent or independent SnRK2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Shahzad
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Colette Tournaire-Roux
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Canut
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Mattia Adamo
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jan Roeder
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Lionel Verdoucq
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Martinière
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Amtmann
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Véronique Santoni
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Erwin Grill
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Olivier Loudet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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10
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Yaaran A, Erez E, Procko C, Moshelion M. Leaf hydraulic maze: Abscisic acid effects on bundle sheath, palisade, and spongy mesophyll conductance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1349-1364. [PMID: 37390615 PMCID: PMC10517257 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) facilitates the supply of water, enabling continual CO2 uptake while maintaining plant water status. We hypothesized that bundle sheath and mesophyll cells play key roles in regulating the radial flow of water out of the xylem by responding to abscisic acid (ABA). Thus, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants that are insensitive to ABA in their bundle sheath (BSabi) and mesophyll (MCabi) cells. We also introduced tissue-specific fluorescent markers to distinguish between cells of the palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, and bundle sheath. Both BSabi and MCabi plants showed greater Kleaf and transpiration under optimal conditions. MCabi plants had larger stomatal apertures, higher stomatal index, and greater vascular diameter and biomass relative to the wild-type (WT) and BSabi plants. In response to xylem-fed ABA, both transgenic and WT plants reduced their Kleaf and transpiration. The membrane osmotic water permeability (Pf) of the WT's spongy mesophyll was higher than that of the WT's palisade mesophyll. While the palisade mesophyll maintained a low Pf in response to high ABA, the spongy mesophyll Pf was reduced. Compared to the WT, BSabi bundle sheath cells had a higher Pf, but MCabi spongy mesophyll had an unexpected lower Pf. These results suggest that tissue-specific regulation of Pf by ABA may be confounded by whole-leaf hydraulics and transpiration. ABA increased the symplastic permeability, but its contribution to Kleaf was negligible. We suggest that the bundle sheath spongy mesophyll pathway dynamically responds to the fluctuations in water availability, while the palisade mesophyll serves as a hydraulic buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Yaaran
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eyal Erez
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Carl Procko
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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11
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Tulva I, Välbe M, Merilo E. Plants lacking OST1 show conditional stomatal closure and wildtype-like growth sensitivity at high VPD. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14030. [PMID: 37882302 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate change-associated rise in VPD (atmospheric vapor pressure deficit) results in increased plant transpiration and reduced stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, biomass, and yield. High VPD-induced stomatal closure of Arabidopsis is an active process regulated via the kinase SnRK2.6 (OPEN STOMATA 1, OST1). Here, we performed gas exchange, leaf water potential and rosette growth measurements to study, whether (1) high VPD-induced stomatal closure is detected in plants carrying loss-of-function mutations in OST1 (ost1-3) when they are grown at reduced soil water content or measured at increased air temperature; (2) ost1-3 plants expressing OST1 construct with no ABA-activation domain, but intact ABA-independent activation, show stronger stomatal VPD response compared with ost1-3 plants; and (3) rosette area and biomass of ost1-3 are more affected by growth at high VPD compared with Col-0. The stomata of well-watered ost1-3 plants were insensitive to high VPD regardless of air temperature, but in deficit-irrigated ost1-3, leaf water potential decreased the most and stomata closed at high VPD. Differences between VPD-induced stomatal closures of ost1-3 plants and ost1-3 plants expressing OST1 with no ABA-activation domain point at gradual VPD-induced ABA-independent activation of OST1. High VPD conditions led to similar reductions in rosette area and specific leaf area of well-watered Col-0 and ost1-3 plants. Rosette dry mass was unaffected by high VPD. Our results show that OST1 loss-of-function plants display conditional stomatal closure and no extra sensitivity of rosette area growth compared with Col-0 wildtype under high VPD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Tulva
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikk Välbe
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ebe Merilo
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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12
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Byrt CS, Zhang RY, Magrath I, Chan KX, De Rosa A, McGaughey S. Exploring aquaporin functions during changes in leaf water potential. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1213454. [PMID: 37615024 PMCID: PMC10442719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1213454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of optimal leaf tissue humidity is important for plant productivity and food security. Leaf humidity is influenced by soil and atmospheric water availability, by transpiration and by the coordination of water flux across cell membranes throughout the plant. Flux of water and solutes across plant cell membranes is influenced by the function of aquaporin proteins. Plants have numerous aquaporin proteins required for a multitude of physiological roles in various plant tissues and the membrane flux contribution of each aquaporin can be regulated by changes in protein abundance, gating, localisation, post-translational modifications, protein:protein interactions and aquaporin stoichiometry. Resolving which aquaporins are candidates for influencing leaf humidity and determining how their regulation impacts changes in leaf cell solute flux and leaf cavity humidity is challenging. This challenge involves resolving the dynamics of the cell membrane aquaporin abundance, aquaporin sub-cellular localisation and location-specific post-translational regulation of aquaporins in membranes of leaf cells during plant responses to changes in water availability and determining the influence of cell signalling on aquaporin permeability to a range of relevant solutes, as well as determining aquaporin influence on cell signalling. Here we review recent developments, current challenges and suggest open opportunities for assessing the role of aquaporins in leaf substomatal cavity humidity regulation.
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13
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Salvatierra A, Mateluna P, Toro G, Solís S, Pimentel P. Genome-Wide Identification and Gene Expression Analysis of Sweet Cherry Aquaporins ( Prunus avium L.) under Abiotic Stresses. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040940. [PMID: 37107698 PMCID: PMC10138167 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral transmembrane proteins well known as channels involved in the mobilization of water, small uncharged molecules and gases. In this work, the main objective was to carry out a comprehensive study of AQP encoding genes in Prunus avium (cv. Mazzard F12/1) on a genome-wide scale and describe their transcriptional behaviors in organs and in response to different abiotic stresses. A total of 28 non-redundant AQP genes were identified in Prunus spp. Genomes, which were phylogenetically grouped into five subfamilies (seven PIPs, eight NIPs, eight TIPs, three SIPs and two XIPs). Bioinformatic analyses revealed a high synteny and remarkable conservation of structural features among orthologs of different Prunus genomes. Several cis-acting regulatory elements (CREs) related to stress regulation were detected (ARE, WRE3, WUN, STRE, LTR, MBS, DRE, AT-rich and TC-rich). The above could be accounting for the expression variations associated with plant organs and, especially, each abiotic stress analyzed. Gene expressions of different PruavAQPs were shown to be preferentially associated with different stresses. PruavXIP2;1 and PruavXIP1;1 were up-regulated in roots at 6 h and 72 h of hypoxia, and in PruavXIP2;1 a slight induction of expression was also detected in leaves. Drought treatment strongly down-regulated PruavTIP4;1 but only in roots. Salt stress exhibited little or no variation in roots, except for PruavNIP4;1 and PruavNIP7;1, which showed remarkable gene repression and induction, respectively. Interestingly, PruavNIP4;1, the AQP most expressed in cherry roots subjected to cold temperatures, also showed this pattern in roots under high salinity. Similarly, PruavNIP4;2 consistently was up-regulated at 72 h of heat and drought treatments. From our evidence is possible to propose candidate genes for the development of molecular markers for selection processes in breeding programs for rootstocks and/or varieties of cherry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Salvatierra
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile
| | - Patricio Mateluna
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile
| | - Guillermo Toro
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile
| | - Simón Solís
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile
| | - Paula Pimentel
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile
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14
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Groszmann M, De Rosa A, Chen W, Qiu J, McGaughey SA, Byrt CS, Evans JR. A high-throughput yeast approach to characterize aquaporin permeabilities: Profiling the Arabidopsis PIP aquaporin sub-family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1078220. [PMID: 36760647 PMCID: PMC9907170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1078220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Engineering membrane transporters to achieve desired functionality is reliant on availability of experimental data informing structure-function relationships and intelligent design. Plant aquaporin (AQP) isoforms are capable of transporting diverse substrates such as signaling molecules, nutrients, metalloids, and gases, as well as water. AQPs can act as multifunctional channels and their transport function is reliant on many factors, with few studies having assessed transport function of specific isoforms for multiple substrates. METHODS High-throughput yeast assays were developed to screen for transport function of plant AQPs, providing a platform for fast data generation and cataloguing of substrate transport profiles. We applied our high-throughput growth-based yeast assays to screen all 13 Arabidopsis PIPs (AtPIPs) for transport of water and several neutral solutes: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), boric acid (BA), and urea. Sodium (Na+) transport was assessed using elemental analysis techniques. RESULTS All AtPIPs facilitated water and H2O2 transport, although their growth phenotypes varied, and none were candidates for urea transport. For BA and Na+ transport, AtPIP2;2 and AtPIP2;7 were the top candidates, with yeast expressing these isoforms having the most pronounced toxicity response to BA exposure and accumulating the highest amounts of Na+. Linking putative AtPIP isoform substrate transport profiles with phylogenetics and gene expression data, enabled us to align possible substrate preferences with known and hypothesized biological roles of AtPIPs. DISCUSSION This testing framework enables efficient cataloguing of putative transport functionality of diverse AQPs at a scale that can help accelerate our understanding of AQP biology through big data approaches (e.g. association studies). The principles of the individual assays could be further adapted to test additional substrates. Data generated from this framework could inform future testing of AQP physiological roles, and address knowledge gaps in structure-function relationships to improve engineering efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Groszmann
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Annamaria De Rosa
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Weihua Chen
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jiaen Qiu
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Samantha A. McGaughey
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Caitlin S. Byrt
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - John R. Evans
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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15
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Mehra P, Pandey BK, Melebari D, Banda J, Leftley N, Couvreur V, Rowe J, Anfang M, De Gernier H, Morris E, Sturrock CJ, Mooney SJ, Swarup R, Faulkner C, Beeckman T, Bhalerao RP, Shani E, Jones AM, Dodd IC, Sharp RE, Sadanandom A, Draye X, Bennett MJ. Hydraulic flux-responsive hormone redistribution determines root branching. Science 2022; 378:762-768. [PMID: 36395221 DOI: 10.1126/science.add3771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant roots exhibit plasticity in their branching patterns to forage efficiently for heterogeneously distributed resources, such as soil water. The xerobranching response represses lateral root formation when roots lose contact with water. Here, we show that xerobranching is regulated by radial movement of the phloem-derived hormone abscisic acid, which disrupts intercellular communication between inner and outer cell layers through plasmodesmata. Closure of these intercellular pores disrupts the inward movement of the hormone signal auxin, blocking lateral root branching. Once root tips regain contact with moisture, the abscisic acid response rapidly attenuates. Our study reveals how roots adapt their branching pattern to heterogeneous soil water conditions by linking changes in hydraulic flux with dynamic hormone redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Mehra
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bipin K Pandey
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dalia Melebari
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jason Banda
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicola Leftley
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Valentin Couvreur
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - James Rowe
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Moran Anfang
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hugues De Gernier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB-UGent, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emily Morris
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Craig J Sturrock
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sacha J Mooney
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ranjan Swarup
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB-UGent, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eilon Shani
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Ian C Dodd
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Robert E Sharp
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - Xavier Draye
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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16
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Nemoto K, Niinae T, Goto F, Sugiyama N, Watanabe A, Shimizu M, Shiratake K, Nishihara M. Calcium-dependent protein kinase 16 phosphorylates and activates the aquaporin PIP2;2 to regulate reversible flower opening in Gentiana scabra. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2652-2670. [PMID: 35441691 PMCID: PMC9252468 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flower opening is important for successful pollination in many plant species, and some species repeatedly open and close their flowers. This is thought to be due to turgor pressure changes caused by water influx/efflux, which depends on osmotic oscillations in the cells. In some ornamental plants, water-transporting aquaporins, also known as plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), may play an important role in flower opening. However, the molecular mechanism(s) involved in corolla movement are largely unknown. Gentian (Gentiana spp.) flowers undergo reversible movement in response to temperature and light stimuli; using gentian as a model, we showed that the Gentiana scabra aquaporins GsPIP2;2 and GsPIP2;7 regulate repeated flower opening. In particular, phosphorylation of a C-terminal serine residue of GsPIP2;2 is important for its transport activity and relates closely to the flower re-opening rate. Furthermore, GsPIP2;2 is phosphorylated and activated by the calcium (Ca2+)-dependent protein kinase GsCPK16, which is activated by elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels in response to temperature and light stimuli. We propose that GsCPK16-dependent phosphorylation and activation of GsPIP2;2 regulate gentian flower re-opening, with stimulus-induced Ca2+ signals acting as triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoya Niinae
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumina Goto
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Aiko Watanabe
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Motoki Shimizu
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Shiratake
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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17
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Grunwald Y, Gosa SC, Torne-Srivastava T, Moran N, Moshelion M. Out of the blue: Phototropins of the leaf vascular bundle sheath mediate the regulation of leaf hydraulic conductance by blue light. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2328-2342. [PMID: 35285491 PMCID: PMC9134085 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf veins bundle-sheath cells (BSCs)-a selective barrier to water and solutes entering the mesophyll-increase the leaf radial hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) by acidifying the xylem sap by their plasma membrane H+-ATPase, AHA2. Based on this and on the BSCs' expression of phototropins PHOT1 and PHOT2, and the known blue light (BL)-induced Kleaf increase, we hypothesized that, resembling the guard cells, BL perception by the BSCs' phots activates its H+-ATPase, which, consequently, upregulates Kleaf. Indeed, under BL, the Kleaf of the knockout mutant lines phot1-5, phot2-1, phot1-5 phot2-1, and aha2-4 was lower than that of the wild-type (WT). BSC-only-directed complementation of phot1-5 or aha2-4 by PHOT1 or AHA2, respectively, restored the BL-induced Kleaf increase. BSC-specific silencing of PHOT1 or PHOT2 prevented such Kleaf increase. A xylem-fed kinase inhibitor (tyrphostin 9) replicated this also in WT plants. White light-ineffective in the phot1-5 mutant-acidified the xylem sap (relative to darkness) in WT and in the PHOT1-complemented phot1-5. These results, supported by BL increase of BSC protoplasts' water permeability and cytosolic pH and their hyperpolarization by BL, identify the BSCs as a second phot-controlled water conductance element in leaves, in series with stomatal conductance. Through both, BL regulates the leaf water balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tanmayee Torne-Srivastava
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nava Moran
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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18
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Leaf and Branch Hydraulic Plasticity of Two Light-Demanding Broadleaved Tree Species Differing in Water-Use Strategy. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change creates new environmental scenarios and selective pressures; thus, a better understanding of the plasticity of plant functional traits is needed to predict how plant species will respond to shifts in climate. Among the important functional traits for plants are their hydraulic properties which ultimately determine their photosynthetic capacity, growth rate, and survival in a changing environment. In this study, the light sensitivity of leaf (KL) and branch hydraulic conductance (KB) to fast changes in irradiance, and hydraulic plasticity (PIh) was studied in two broadleaved tree species differing in water-use strategy—silver birch (Betula pendula) and hybrid aspen (Populus × wettsteinii). The KL increased by a factor of 3.5 and 1.5 from minimal values recorded in darkness to maximal values in high light conditions for birch and aspen, respectively, indicating a significantly higher PIh for birch (0.72) than for aspen leaves (0.35). KB increased 1.5-fold from dark to light conditions for both species. The high light sensitivity of KL and KB provides a regulatory mechanism to maintain a balance between transpirational demand and hydraulic supply. The plasticity of these traits increases the ability of plants to cope with a rapidly changing environment and to adapt to global climate change.
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19
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Ding L, Milhiet T, Parent B, Meziane A, Tardieu F, Chaumont F. The plasma membrane aquaporin ZmPIP2;5 enhances the sensitivity of stomatal closure to water deficit. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1146-1156. [PMID: 35112729 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing stomatal movement is beneficial to improve plant water use efficiency and drought resilience. Contradictory results indicate that aquaporins might regulate stomatal movement. Here, we tested whether the maize plasma membrane PIP2;5 aquaporin affects stomatal closure under water deficit, abscisic acid (ABA) or vapour pressure deficit (VPD) treatment in intact plants, detached leaves or peeled epidermis. Transpiration, stomatal conductance (gs ) and aperture and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stomatal complexes were studied in maize lines with increased or knocked down (KD) PIP2;5 gene expression. In well-watered conditions, the PIP2;5 overexpressing (OE) plants transpired more than wild types (WTs), while no significant difference in transpiration was observed between pip2;5 KD and WT. Upon mild water deficit or low ABA concentration treatments, transpiration and gs decreased more in PIP2;5 OE lines and less in pip2;5 KD lines, in comparison with WTs. In the detached epidermis, ABA treatment induced faster stomatal closing in PIP2;5 OE lines compared to WTs, while pip2;5 KD stomata were ABA insensitive. These phenotypes were associated with guard cell ROS accumulation. Additionally, PIP2;5 is involved in the transpiration decrease observed under high VPD. These data indicate that maize PIP2;5 is a key actor increasing the sensitivity of stomatal closure to water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thomas Milhiet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Boris Parent
- INRAE, LEPSE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Adel Meziane
- INRAE, LEPSE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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20
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Burridge JD, Grondin A, Vadez V. Optimizing Crop Water Use for Drought and Climate Change Adaptation Requires a Multi-Scale Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:824720. [PMID: 35574091 PMCID: PMC9100818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.824720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Selection criteria that co-optimize water use efficiency and yield are needed to promote plant productivity in increasingly challenging and variable drought scenarios, particularly dryland cereals in the semi-arid tropics. Optimizing water use efficiency and yield fundamentally involves transpiration dynamics, where restriction of maximum transpiration rate helps to avoid early crop failure, while maximizing grain filling. Transpiration restriction can be regulated by multiple mechanisms and involves cross-organ coordination. This coordination involves complex feedbacks and feedforwards over time scales ranging from minutes to weeks, and from spatial scales ranging from cell membrane to crop canopy. Aquaporins have direct effect but various compensation and coordination pathways involve phenology, relative root and shoot growth, shoot architecture, root length distribution profile, as well as other architectural and anatomical aspects of plant form and function. We propose gravimetric phenotyping as an integrative, cross-scale solution to understand the dynamic, interwoven, and context-dependent coordination of transpiration regulation. The most fruitful breeding strategy is likely to be that which maintains focus on the phene of interest, namely, daily and season level transpiration dynamics. This direct selection approach is more precise than yield-based selection but sufficiently integrative to capture attenuating and complementary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Burridge
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: James D. Burridge,
| | - Alexandre Grondin
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux, Laboratoire Mixte International, Dakar, Senegal
- Centre d’Étude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, Thiès, Senegal
| | - Vincent Vadez
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux, Laboratoire Mixte International, Dakar, Senegal
- Centre d’Étude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, Thiès, Senegal
- International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
- Vincent Vadez,
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21
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Maurel C, Tournaire-Roux C, Verdoucq L, Santoni V. Hormonal and environmental signaling pathways target membrane water transport. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2056-2070. [PMID: 35235672 PMCID: PMC8644278 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant water transport and its molecular components including aquaporins are responsive, across diverse time scales, to an extremely wide array of environmental and hormonal signals. These include water deficit and abscisic acid (ABA) but also more recently identified stimuli such as peptide hormones or bacterial elicitors. The present review makes an inventory of corresponding signalling pathways. It identifies some main principles, such as the central signalling role of ROS, with a dual function of aquaporins in water and hydrogen peroxide transport, the importance of aquaporin phosphorylation that is targeted by multiple classes of protein kinases, and the emerging role of lipid signalling. More studies including systems biology approaches are now needed to comprehend how plant water transport can be adjusted in response to combined stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Maurel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- Author for Communication:
| | | | - Lionel Verdoucq
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Santoni
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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22
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Tyerman SD, McGaughey SA, Qiu J, Yool AJ, Byrt CS. Adaptable and Multifunctional Ion-Conducting Aquaporins. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:703-736. [PMID: 33577345 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-081720-013608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins function as water and neutral solute channels, signaling hubs, disease virulence factors, and metabolon components. We consider plant aquaporins that transport ions compared to some animal counterparts. These are candidates for important, as yet unidentified, cation and anion channels in plasma, tonoplast, and symbiotic membranes. For those individual isoforms that transport ions, water, and gases, the permeability spans 12 orders of magnitude. This requires tight regulation of selectivity via protein interactions and posttranslational modifications. A phosphorylation-dependent switch between ion and water permeation in AtPIP2;1 might be explained by coupling between the gates of the four monomer water channels and the central pore of the tetramer. We consider the potential for coupling between ion and water fluxes that could form the basis of an electroosmotic transducer. A grand challenge in understanding the roles of ion transporting aquaporins is their multifunctional modes that are dependent on location, stress, time, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Tyerman
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; ,
| | - Samantha A McGaughey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia; ,
| | - Jiaen Qiu
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; ,
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia;
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia; ,
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23
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Vitali V, Sutka M, Ojeda L, Aroca R, Amodeo G. Root hydraulics adjustment is governed by a dominant cell-to-cell pathway in Beta vulgaris seedlings exposed to salt stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 306:110873. [PMID: 33775369 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity reduces root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) of several plant species. However, how cellular signaling and root hydraulic properties are linked in plants that can cope with water restriction remains unclear. In this work, we exposed the halotolerant species red beet (Beta vulgaris) to increasing concentrations of NaCl to determine the components that might be critical to sustaining the capacity to adjust root hydraulics. Our strategy was to use both hydraulic and cellular approaches in hydroponically grown seedlings during the first osmotic phase of salt stress. Interestingly, Lpr presented a bimodal profile response apart from the magnitude of the imposed salt stress. As well as Lpr, the PIP2-aquaporin profile follows an unphosphorylated/phosphorylated pattern when increasing NaCl concentration while PIP1 aquaporins remain constant. Lpr also shows high sensitivity to cycloheximide. In low NaCl concentrations, Lpr was high and 70 % of its capacity could be attributed to the CHX-inhibited cell-to-cell pathway. More interestingly, roots can maintain a constant spontaneous exudated flow that is independent of the applied NaCl concentration. In conclusion, Beta vulgaris root hydraulic adjustment completely lies in a dominant cell-to-cell pathway that contributes to satisfying plant water demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Vitali
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales & Instituto de Biodiversidad, Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Moira Sutka
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales & Instituto de Biodiversidad, Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Ojeda
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales & Instituto de Biodiversidad, Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Gabriela Amodeo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales & Instituto de Biodiversidad, Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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24
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Modareszadeh M, Bahmani R, Kim D, Hwang S. Decreases in arsenic accumulation by the plasma membrane intrinsic protein PIP2;2 in Arabidopsis and yeast. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116646. [PMID: 33561751 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic pollutant that mainly enters the human body via plants. Therefore, understanding the strategy for reducing arsenic accumulation in plants is important to human health and the environment. Aquaporins are ubiquitous water channel proteins that bidirectionally transport water across cell membranes and play a role in the transportation of other molecules, such as glycerol, ammonia, boric acid, and arsenic acid. Previously, we observed that Arabidopsis PIP2;2, encoding a plasma membrane intrinsic protein, is highly expressed in NtCyc07-expressing Arabidopsis, which shows a higher tolerance to arsenite (As(III)). In this study, we report that the overexpression of AtPIP2;2 enhanced As(III) tolerance and reduced As(III) levels in yeast. Likewise, AtPIP2;2-overexpressing Arabidopsis exhibited improved As(III) tolerance and lower accumulation of As(III). In contrast, atpip2;2 knockout Arabidopsis showed reduced As(III) tolerance but no significant change in As(III) levels. Interestingly, the AtPIP2;2 transcript and protein levels were increased in roots and shoots of Arabidopsis in response to As(III). Furthermore, As(III) efflux was enhanced and As(III) influx/accumulation was reduced in AtPIP2;2-expressing plants. The expression of AtPIP2;2 rescued the As(III)-sensitive phenotype of acr3 mutant yeast by reducing As levels and slightly reduced the As(III)-tolerant phenotype of fps1 mutant yeast by enhancing As content, suggesting that AtPIP2; 2 functions as a bidirectional channel of As(III), while the As(III) exporter activity is higher than the As(III) importer activity. All these results indicate that AtPIP2;2 expression promotes As(III) tolerance by decreasing As(III) accumulation through enhancing As(III) efflux in Arabidopsis. This finding can be applied to the generation of low arsenic crops for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Modareszadeh
- Dept. of Molecular Biology Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea; Dept. of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea; Plant Engineering Research Institute Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramin Bahmani
- Dept. of Molecular Biology Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea; Dept. of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea; Plant Engineering Research Institute Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - DongGwan Kim
- Dept. of Molecular Biology Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea; Dept. of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea; Plant Engineering Research Institute Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongbin Hwang
- Dept. of Molecular Biology Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea; Dept. of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea; Plant Engineering Research Institute Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Sánchez‐Ortiz A, Mateo‐Sanz JM, Nadal M, Lampreave M. Water stress assessment on grapevines by using classification and regression trees. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00319. [PMID: 33851071 PMCID: PMC8022199 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiple factors, such as the vineyard environment and winemaking practices, are known to affect the development of vines as well as the final composition of grapes. Water stress promotes the synthesis of phenols and is associated with grape quality as long as it does not inhibit production. To identify the key parameters for managing water stress and grape quality, multivariate statistical analysis is essential. Classification and regression trees are methods for constructing prediction models from data, especially when data are complex and when constructing a single global model is difficult and models are challenging to interpret. The models were obtained by recursively partitioning the data space and fitting a simple prediction model within each partition. The partitioning can be represented graphically as a decision tree. This approach permitted the most decisive variables for predicting the most vulnerable vineyards and wine quality parameters associated with water stress. In Priorat AOC, Carignan grapevines had the highest water potential and abscisic acid concentration in the early growth plant stages and permitted vineyards to be classified by mesoclimate. This information is useful for identifying which measurements could most easily differentiate between early and late-ripening vineyards. LWP and Ts during an early physiological stage (pea size) permitted warm and cold areas to be differentiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Sánchez‐Ortiz
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaFacultat d'Enologia de TarragonaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Josep M. Mateo‐Sanz
- Departament d'Enginyeria QuimicaETSEQUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Montserrat Nadal
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaFacultat d'Enologia de TarragonaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Míriam Lampreave
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaFacultat d'Enologia de TarragonaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
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26
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Grunwald Y, Wigoda N, Sade N, Yaaran A, Torne T, Gosa SC, Moran N, Moshelion M. Arabidopsis leaf hydraulic conductance is regulated by xylem sap pH, controlled, in turn, by a P-type H + -ATPase of vascular bundle sheath cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:301-313. [PMID: 33735498 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The leaf vascular bundle sheath cells (BSCs) that tightly envelop the leaf veins, are a selective and dynamic barrier to xylem sap water and solutes radially entering the mesophyll cells. Under normal conditions, xylem sap pH below 6 is presumably important for driving and regulating the transmembranal solute transport. Having discovered recently a differentially high expression of a BSC proton pump, AHA2, we now test the hypothesis that it regulates the xylem sap pH and leaf radial water fluxes. We monitored the xylem sap pH in the veins of detached leaves of wild-type Arabidopsis, AHA mutants and aha2 mutants complemented with AHA2 gene solely in BSCs. We tested an AHA inhibitor (vanadate) and stimulator (fusicoccin), and different pH buffers. We monitored their impact on the xylem sap pH and the leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ), and the effect of pH on the water osmotic permeability (Pf ) of isolated BSCs protoplasts. We found that AHA2 is necessary for xylem sap acidification, and in turn, for elevating Kleaf . Conversely, AHA2 knockdown, which alkalinized the xylem sap, or, buffering its pH to 7.5, reduced Kleaf , and elevating external pH to 7.5 decreased the BSCs Pf . All these showed a causative link between AHA2 activity in BSCs and leaf radial hydraulic water conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Grunwald
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Noa Wigoda
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nir Sade
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences at Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Adi Yaaran
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Tanmayee Torne
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Sanbon Chaka Gosa
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nava Moran
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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27
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Schulze WX, Altenbuchinger M, He M, Kränzlein M, Zörb C. Proteome profiling of repeated drought stress reveals genotype-specific responses and memory effects in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:67-79. [PMID: 33341081 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought has become a major stress for agricultural productivity in temperate regions, such as central Europe. Thus, information on how crop plants respond to drought is important to develop tolerant hybrids and to ensure yield stability. Posttranscriptional regulation through changed protein abundances is an important mechanism of short-term response to stress events that has not yet been widely exploited in breeding strategies. Here, we investigated the response to repeated drought exposure of a tolerant and a sensitive maize hybrid in order to understand general protein abundance changes induced by singular drought or repeated drought events. In general, drought affected protein abundance of multiple pathways in the plant. We identified starch metabolism, aquaporin abundance, PSII proteins and histones as strongly associated with typical drought-induced phenotypes such as increased membrane leakage, osmolality or effects on stomatal conductance and assimilation rate. In addition, we found a strong effect of drought on nutrient assimilation, especially the sulfur metabolism. In general, pre-experience of mild drought before exposure to a more severe drought resulted in visible adaptations resulting in dampened phenotypes as well as lower magnitude of protein abundance changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waltraud X Schulze
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Michael Altenbuchinger
- Research Group Computational Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mingjie He
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Kränzlein
- Institute of Crop Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Zörb
- Institute of Crop Sciences, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
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28
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Laloux T, Matyjaszczyk I, Beaudelot S, Hachez C, Chaumont F. Interaction Between the SNARE SYP121 and the Plasma Membrane Aquaporin PIP2;7 Involves Different Protein Domains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:631643. [PMID: 33537055 PMCID: PMC7847993 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.631643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) are channels facilitating the passive diffusion of water and small solutes. Arabidopsis PIP2;7 trafficking occurs through physical interaction with SNARE proteins including the syntaxin SYP121, a plasma membrane Qa-SNARE involved in membrane fusion. To better understand the interaction mechanism, we aimed at identifying the interaction motifs in SYP121 and PIP2;7 using ratiometric bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays in Nicotiana benthamiana. SYP121 consists of four regions, N, H, Q, and C, and sequential deletions revealed that the C region, containing the transmembrane domain, as well as the H and Q regions, containing the Habc and Qa-SNARE functional domains, interact with PIP2;7. Neither the linker between the Habc and the Qa-SNARE domains nor the H or Q regions alone could fully restore the interaction with PIP2;7, suggesting that the interacting motif depends on the conformation taken by the HQ region. When investigating the interacting motif(s) in PIP2;7, we observed that deletion of the cytosolic N- and/or C- terminus led to a significant decrease in the interaction with SYP121. Shorter deletions revealed that at the N-terminal amino acid residues 18-26 were involved in the interaction. Domain swapping experiments between PIP2;7 and PIP2;6, a PIP isoform that does not interact with SYP121, showed that PIP2;7 N-terminal part up to the loop C was required to restore the full interaction signal, suggesting that, as it is the case for SYP121, the interaction motif(s) in PIP2;7 depend on the protein conformation. Finally, we also showed that PIP2;7 physically interacted with other Arabidopsis SYP1s and SYP121 orthologs.
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29
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Yao G, Nie Z, Turner NC, Li F, Gao T, Fang X, Scoffoni C. Combined high leaf hydraulic safety and efficiency provides drought tolerance in Caragana species adapted to low mean annual precipitation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:230-244. [PMID: 32749703 PMCID: PMC7754512 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying the coordination of leaf hydraulic traits with gas exchange across closely-related species adapted to varying rainfall can provide insights into plant habitat distribution and drought adaptation. The leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ), stomatal conductance (gs ), net assimilation (A), vein embolism and abscisic acid (ABA) concentration during dehydration were quantified, as well as pressure-volume curve traits and vein anatomy in 10 Caragana species adapted to a range of mean annual precipitation (MAP) conditions and growing in a common garden. We found a positive correlation between Ψleaf at 50% loss of Kleaf (Kleaf P50 ) and maximum Kleaf (Kleaf-max ) across species. Species from low-MAP environments exhibited more negative Kleaf P50 and turgor loss point, and higher Kleaf-max and leaf-specific capacity at full turgor, along with higher vein density and midrib xylem per leaf area, and a higher ratio of Kleaf-max : maximum gs . Tighter stomatal control mediated by higher ABA accumulation during dehydration in these species resulted in an increase in hydraulic safety and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi ) during drought. Our results suggest that high hydraulic safety and efficiency combined with greater stomatal sensitivity triggered by ABA production and leading to greater WUEi provides drought tolerance in Caragana species adapted to low-MAP environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang‐Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Zheng‐Fei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Neil C. Turner
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaM082, 35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA6009Australia
| | - Feng‐Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Tian‐Peng Gao
- The Engineering Research Center of Mining Pollution Treatment and Ecological Restoration of Gansu ProvinceLanzhou City UniversityLanzhou730070China
| | - Xiang‐Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Biological SciencesCalifornia State University Los Angeles5151 State University DriveLos AngelesCA90032USA
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Santander C, Aroca R, Cartes P, Vidal G, Cornejo P. Aquaporins and cation transporters are differentially regulated by two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains in lettuce cultivars growing under salinity conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:396-409. [PMID: 33248899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to identify the effects of AM symbiosis on the expression patterns of genes associated with K+ and Na+ compartmentalization and translocation and on K+/Na+ homeostasis in some lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars as well as the effects of the relative abundance of plant AQPs on plant water status. Two AM fungi species (Funneliformis mosseae and Claroideoglomus lamellosum) isolated from the hyper-arid Atacama Desert (northern Chile) were inoculated to two lettuce cultivars (Grand Rapids and Lollo Bionda), and watered with 0 and 60 mM NaCl. At 60 days of plant growth, the AM symbiotic development, biomass production, nutrient content (Pi, Na+, K+), physiological parameters, gene expressions of ion channels and transporters (NHX and HKT1), and aquaporins proteins abundance (phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated) were evaluated. Salinity increased the AM root colonization by both inocula. AM lettuce plants showed an improved growth, increased relative water content and improved of K/Na ratio in root. In Grand Rapids cultivar, the high efficiency of photosystem II was higher than Lollo Bionda cultivar; on the contrary, stomatal conductance was higher in Lollo Bionda. Nevertheless, both parameters were increased by AM colonization. In the same way, LsaHKT1;1, LsaHKT1;6, LsaNHX2, LsaNHX4, LsaNHX6 and LsaNHX8 genes and aquaporins PIP2 were up-regulated differentially by both AM fungi. The improved plant growth was closely related to a higher water status due to increased PIP2 abundance, as well as to the upregulation of LsaNHX gene expression, which concomitantly improved plant nutrition and K+/Na+ homeostasis maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Santander
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Universidad Arturo Prat, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Recursos Hídricos (CIDERH), Vivar 493 2nd floor, Iquique, Chile
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Cartes
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Grupo de Ingeniería y Biotecnología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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Kamal MM, Ishikawa S, Takahashi F, Suzuki K, Kamo M, Umezawa T, Shinozaki K, Kawamura Y, Uemura M. Large-Scale Phosphoproteomic Study of Arabidopsis Membrane Proteins Reveals Early Signaling Events in Response to Cold. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8631. [PMID: 33207747 PMCID: PMC7696906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the major factors limiting global crop production. For survival at low temperatures, plants need to sense temperature changes in the surrounding environment. How plants sense and respond to the earliest drop in temperature is still not clearly understood. The plasma membrane and its adjacent extracellular and cytoplasmic sites are the first checkpoints for sensing temperature changes and the subsequent events, such as signal generation and solute transport. To understand how plants respond to early cold exposure, we used a mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomic method to study the temporal changes in protein phosphorylation events in Arabidopsis membranes during 5 to 60 min of cold exposure. The results revealed that brief cold exposures led to rapid phosphorylation changes in the proteins involved in cellular ion homeostasis, solute and protein transport, cytoskeleton organization, vesical trafficking, protein modification, and signal transduction processes. The phosphorylation motif and kinase-substrate network analysis also revealed that multiple protein kinases, including RLKs, MAPKs, CDPKs, and their substrates, could be involved in early cold signaling. Taken together, our results provide a first look at the cold-responsive phosphoproteome changes of Arabidopsis membrane proteins that can be a significant resource to understand how plants respond to an early temperature drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafa Kamal
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; (M.M.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Shinnosuke Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 184-8588, Japan; (S.I.); (T.U.)
| | - Fuminori Takahashi
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan; (F.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Ko Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (K.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Masaharu Kamo
- Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan; (K.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 184-8588, Japan; (S.I.); (T.U.)
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan; (F.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Yukio Kawamura
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; (M.M.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Plant-Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Matsuo Uemura
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; (M.M.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Plant-Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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Sade N, Weng F, Tajima H, Zeron Y, Zhang L, Rubio Wilhelmi MDM, Day G, Peleg Z, Blumwald E. A Cytoplasmic Receptor-like Kinase Contributes to Salinity Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9101383. [PMID: 33080797 PMCID: PMC7650656 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) are receptor kinases that lack extracellular ligand-binding domains and have emerged as a major class of signaling proteins that regulate plant cellular activities in response to biotic/abiotic stresses and endogenous extracellular signaling molecules. We have identified a rice RLCK (OsRLCK311) that was significantly higher in transgenic pSARK-IPT rice (Oryza sativa) that exhibited enhanced growth under saline conditions. Overexpression of OsRLCK311 full-length protein (RLCK311FL) and the C-terminus of OsRLCK311 (ΔN) in Arabidopsis confirmed its role in salinity tolerance, both in seedlings and mature plants. Protein interaction assays indicated that OsRLCK311 and ΔN interacted in-vivo with the plasma membrane AQP AtPIP2;1. The RLCK311-PIP2;1 binding led to alterations in the stomata response to ABA, which was characterized by more open stomata of transgenic plants. Moreover, OsRLCK311-ΔN effect in mediating enhanced plant growth under saline conditions was also observed in the perennial grass Brachypodium sylvaticum, confirming its role in both dicots and monocots species. Lastly, OsRLCK311 interacted with the rice OsPIP2;1. We suggest that the rice OsRLCK311 play a role in regulating the plant growth response under saline conditions via the regulation of the stomata response to stress. This role seems to be independent of the RLCK311 kinase activity, since the overexpression of the RLCK311 C-terminus (ΔN), which lacks the kinase full domain, has a similar phenotype to RLCK311FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Sade
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (F.W.); (H.T.); (L.Z.); (M.d.M.R.W.); (G.D.)
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Fei Weng
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (F.W.); (H.T.); (L.Z.); (M.d.M.R.W.); (G.D.)
- Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hiromi Tajima
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (F.W.); (H.T.); (L.Z.); (M.d.M.R.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Yarden Zeron
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (F.W.); (H.T.); (L.Z.); (M.d.M.R.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Maria del Mar Rubio Wilhelmi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (F.W.); (H.T.); (L.Z.); (M.d.M.R.W.); (G.D.)
| | - George Day
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (F.W.); (H.T.); (L.Z.); (M.d.M.R.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Zvi Peleg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (F.W.); (H.T.); (L.Z.); (M.d.M.R.W.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (E.B.)
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Huang CJ, Wang XH, Huang JY, Zhang CG, Chen YL. Phosphorylation of plasma membrane aquaporin PIP2;1 in C-terminal affects light-induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1795394. [PMID: 32693667 PMCID: PMC8550520 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1795394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells undergo quick volume changes during stomatal movements. However, the contribution of aquaporins to stomatal movements has not been well understood. The plasma membrane aquaporin PIP2;1in Arabidopsis has been found to mediate abscisic acid-induced or flag22-induced stomatal closure. In this research, we investigated the role of PIP2;1 in light-induced stomatal opening by measuring the stomatal apertures of the pip2;1 mutant and PIP2;1 overexpression lines after light treatment. pip2;1 mutant exhibited a larger stomatal aperture, and the overexpression lines displayed a smaller stomatal aperture. It has been reported that the phosphorylation at Ser-280 and Ser-283 of PIP2;1 in rosette tissue increased in response to darkness, whereas osmotic water permeability (Pf) in mesophyll protoplasts in darkness was lower than that under light, suggesting that phosphorylation at Ser-280 and Ser-283 of PIP2;1 affected Pf in mesophyll protoplasts. Therefore, we obtained the pip2;1 mutant expressing phosphorylation-deficient (PIP2;1 AA) or phosphomimetic (PIP2;1 DD) forms of PIP2;1. The PIP2;1 AA lines exhibited a larger stomatal aperture as pip2;1 mutant, whereas PIP2;1 DD lines exhibited a smaller stomatal aperture as PIP2;1 overexpression lines under light. These results suggest that PIP2;1 plays a negative role in light-induced stomatal opening, and phosphorylation of PIP2;1 at Ser-280 and Ser-283 causes reduced water absorption in guard cells and decreased stomatal opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Jiao Huang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing-Yu Huang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chun-Guang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- CONTACT Chun-Guang Zhang
| | - Yu-Ling Chen
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Yu-Ling Chen . College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University. Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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Dayer S, Scharwies JD, Ramesh SA, Sullivan W, Doerflinger FC, Pagay V, Tyerman SD. Comparing Hydraulics Between Two Grapevine Cultivars Reveals Differences in Stomatal Regulation Under Water Stress and Exogenous ABA Applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:705. [PMID: 32636852 PMCID: PMC7316991 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulics of plants that have different strategies of stomatal regulation under water stress are relatively poorly understood. We explore how root and shoot hydraulics, stomatal conductance (g s), leaf and root aquaporin (AQP) expression, and abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in leaf xylem sap ([ABA]xylemsap) may be coordinated under mild water stress and exogenous ABA applications in two Vitis vinifera L. cultivars traditionally classified as near-isohydric (Grenache) and near-anisohydric (Syrah). Under water stress, Grenache exhibited stronger adjustments of plant and root hydraulic conductances and greater stomatal sensitivity to [ABA]xylemsap than Syrah resulting in greater conservation of soil moisture but not necessarily more isohydric behavior. Correlations between leaf (Ψleaf) and predawn (ΨPD) water potentials between cultivars suggested a "hydrodynamic" behavior rather than a particular iso-anisohydric classification. A significant decrease of Ψleaf in well-watered ABA-fed vines supported a role of ABA in the soil-leaf hydraulic pathway to regulate g s. Correlations between leaf and root AQPs expression levels under water deficit could explain the response of leaf (K leaf) and root (Lp r) hydraulic conductances in both cultivars. Additional studies under a wider range of soil water deficits are required to explore the possible differential regulation of g s and plant hydraulics in different cultivars and experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Dayer
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Johannes D. Scharwies
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Sunita A. Ramesh
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Wendy Sullivan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | | | - Vinay Pagay
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen D. Tyerman
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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35
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Singh RK, Deshmukh R, Muthamilarasan M, Rani R, Prasad M. Versatile roles of aquaporin in physiological processes and stress tolerance in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 149:178-189. [PMID: 32078896 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins are pore-forming transmembrane proteins that facilitate the movement of water and many other small neutral solutes across the cells and intracellular compartments. Plants exhibits high diversity in aquaporin isoforms and broadly classified into five different subfamilies on the basis of phylogenetic distribution and subcellular occurrence: plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), nodulin 26-like proteins (NIPs), small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs) and uncharacterized intrinsic proteins (XIPs). The gating mechanism of aquaporin channels is tightly regulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, glycosylation, and deamination. Aquaporin expression and transport functions are also modulated by the various phytohormones-mediated signalling in plants. Combined physiology and transcriptome analysis revealed the role of aquaporins in regulating hydraulic conductance in roots and leaves. The present review mainly focused on aquaporin functional activity during solute transport, plant development, abiotic stress response, and plant-microbe symbiosis. Genetically modified plants overexpressing aquaporin-encoding genes display improved agronomic and abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Rekha Rani
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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36
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Song H, Cai Z, Liao J, Zhang S. Phosphoproteomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Sexually Differential Regulatory Mechanisms in Poplar to Nitrogen Deficiency. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1073-1084. [PMID: 31991081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a key factor impacting physiological processes in plants. Many proteins have been investigated in male and female poplars under N limitation. However, little is known about sex differences in the protein modifications and metabolites that occur in poplar leaves in response to N deficiency. In this study, as compared to N-deficient males, N-deficient females suffered greater damage from N deficiency, including chloroplast disorganization and lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes. Male poplars had greater osmotic adjustment ability than did females, allowing greater accumulation of soluble metabolites. In addition, as compared to that in N-deficient males, glycolysis was less suppressed in N-deficient females for increased enzyme activities to consume excess energy. Moreover, we found that pronounced protein phosphorylation occurred during carbon metabolism and substance transport processes in both sexes of poplar under N-limiting conditions. Sex-specific metabolites mainly included intermediates in glycolysis, amino acids, and phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites. This study provides new molecular evidence that female poplars suffer greater negative effects from N deficiency than do male poplars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zeyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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37
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Quiroga G, Erice G, Aroca R, Zamarreño ÁM, García-Mina JM, Ruiz-Lozano JM. Radial water transport in arbuscular mycorrhizal maize plants under drought stress conditions is affected by indole-acetic acid (IAA) application. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 246-247:153115. [PMID: 31958683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses, compromising crop growth, reproductive success and yield. The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis has been demonstrated to be beneficial in helping the plant to bear with water deficit. In plants, development and stress responses are largely regulated by a complex hormonal crosstalk. Auxins play significant roles in plant growth and development, in responses to different abiotic stresses or in the establishment and functioning of the AM symbiosis. Despite these important functions, the role of indole-3acetic acid (IAA) as a regulator of root water transport and stress response is not well understood. In this study, the effect of exogenous application of IAA on the regulation of root radial water transport in AM plants was analyzed under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Exogenous IAA application affected root hydraulic parameters, mainly osmotic root hydraulic conductivity (Lo), which was decreased in both AM and non-AM plants under water deficit conditions. Under drought, the relative apoplastic water flow was differentially regulated by IAA application in non-AM and AM plants. The effect of IAA on the internal cell component of root water conductivity suggests that aquaporins are involved in the IAA-dependent inhibition of this water pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Quiroga
- Departamento De Microbiología Del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín (CSIC). Profesor Albareda Nº 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Gorka Erice
- Departamento De Microbiología Del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín (CSIC). Profesor Albareda Nº 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento De Microbiología Del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín (CSIC). Profesor Albareda Nº 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel María Zamarreño
- Departmento De Biología Ambiental, Grupo De Química Agrícola y Biología-CMI Roullier, Facultad De Ciencias, Universidad De Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José María García-Mina
- Departmento De Biología Ambiental, Grupo De Química Agrícola y Biología-CMI Roullier, Facultad De Ciencias, Universidad De Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Departamento De Microbiología Del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín (CSIC). Profesor Albareda Nº 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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38
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Xiong D, Nadal M. Linking water relations and hydraulics with photosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:800-815. [PMID: 31677190 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
For land plants, water is the principal governor of growth. Photosynthetic performance is highly dependent on the stable and suitable water status of leaves, which is balanced by the water transport capacity, the water loss rate as well as the water capacitance of the plant. This review discusses the links between leaf water status and photosynthesis, specifically focussing on the coordination of CO2 and water transport within leaves, and the potential role of leaf capacitance and elasticity on CO2 and water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Miquel Nadal
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB) - Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy (INAGEA), Carretera de Valldemossa, 07122, Palma, Spain
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39
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Kromdijk J, Głowacka K, Long SP. Photosynthetic efficiency and mesophyll conductance are unaffected in Arabidopsis thaliana aquaporin knock-out lines. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:318-329. [PMID: 31731291 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving photosynthetic efficiency is widely regarded as a major route to achieving much-needed yield gains in crop plants. In plants with C3 photosynthesis, increasing the diffusion conductance for CO2 transfer from substomatal cavity to chloroplast stroma (gm) could help to improve the efficiencies of CO2 assimilation and photosynthetic water use in parallel. The diffusion pathway from substomatal cavity to chloroplast traverses cell wall, plasma membrane, cytosol, chloroplast envelope membranes, and chloroplast stroma. Specific membrane intrinsic proteins of the aquaporin family can facilitate CO2 diffusion across membranes. Some of these aquaporins, such as PIP1;2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, have been suggested to exert control over gm and the magnitude of the CO2 assimilation flux, but the evidence for a direct physiological role of aquaporins in determining gm is limited. Here, we estimated gm with four different methods under a range of light intensities and CO2 concentrations in two previously characterized pip1;2 knock-out lines as well as pip1;3 and pip2;6 knock-out lines, which have not been previously evaluated for a role in gm. This study presents the most in-depth analysis of gm in Arabidopsis aquaporin knock-out mutants to date. Surprisingly, all methods failed to show any significant differences between the pip1;2, pip1;3, or pip2;6 mutants and the Col-0 control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kromdijk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing street, Cambridge, UK
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Katarzyna Głowacka
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N246 Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Stephen P Long
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
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40
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Õunapuu-Pikas E, Sellin A. Plasticity and light sensitivity of leaf hydraulic conductance to fast changes in irradiance in common hazel (Corylus avellana L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 290:110299. [PMID: 31779902 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Forest understory species have to acclimatize to highly heterogeneous light conditions inside forest canopies in order to utilize available resources efficiently. Light sensitivity and response speed of hydraulic conductance (KL) of common hazel (Corylus avellana L.) to fast changes in irradiance was studied in leaves from three different growth light conditions-sun-exposed, moderate shade, and deep shade. The KL of sun-exposed leaves was approximately 3-fold higher when compared to deep-shade leaves, indicating a strong dependence of leaf hydraulic capacity on light conditions. The KL of sun-exposed leaves increased by a factor of nearly four from minimal values recorded in darkness to maximal values in high light compared to deep-shade leaves. Reaction speed of KL to reach maximum values in response to light was nearly five times higher for sun-exposed vs deep-shade leaves. Plasticity indices of KL for sun-exposed and deep-shade leaves were 0.44 and 0.27, respectively. Higher light sensitivity enables a faster and more plastic response of KL to variable light conditions in sun leaves and enhances the ability of plants to maximize resource utilization under more beneficial environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eele Õunapuu-Pikas
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Arne Sellin
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
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41
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Quiroga G, Erice G, Ding L, Chaumont F, Aroca R, Ruiz-Lozano JM. The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis regulates aquaporins activity and improves root cell water permeability in maize plants subjected to water stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2274-2290. [PMID: 30916398 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies have suggested that increased root hydraulic conductivity in mycorrhizal roots could be the result of increased cell-to-cell water flux via aquaporins. This study aimed to elucidate if the key effect of the regulation of maize aquaporins by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is the enhancement of root cell water transport capacity. Thus, water permeability coefficient (Pf ) and cell hydraulic conductivity (Lpc ) were measured in root protoplast and intact cortex cells of AM and non-AM plants subjected or not to water stress. Results showed that cells from droughted-AM roots maintained Pf and Lpc values of nonstressed plants, whereas in non-AM roots, these values declined drastically as a consequence of water deficit. Interestingly, the phosphorylation status of PIP2 aquaporins increased in AM plants subjected to water deficit, and Pf values higher than 12 μm s-1 were found only in protoplasts from AM roots, revealing the higher water permeability of AM root cells. In parallel, the AM symbiosis increased stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, and related parameters, showing a higher photosynthetic capacity in these plants. This study demonstrates a better performance of AM root cells in water transport under water deficit, which is connected to the shoot physiological performance in terms of photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Quiroga
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Gorka Erice
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Lei Ding
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Departmento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), 18008, Granada, Spain
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North GB, Brinton EK, Browne MG, Gillman MG, Roddy AB, Kho TL, Wang E, Fung VA, Brodersen CR. Hydraulic conductance, resistance, and resilience: how leaves of a tropical epiphyte respond to drought. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:943-957. [PMID: 31294833 PMCID: PMC6852343 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Because of its broad range in the neotropical rainforest and within tree canopies, the tank bromeliad Guzmania monostachia was investigated as a model of how varying leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ) could help plants resist and recover from episodic drought. The two pathways of Kleaf , inside and outside the xylem, were also examined to determine the sites and causes of major hydraulic resistances within the leaf. METHODS We measured leaf hydraulic conductance for plants in the field and laboratory under wet, dry, and rewetted conditions and applied physiological, anatomical, and gene expression analysis with modeling to investigate changes in Kleaf . RESULTS After 7 d with no rain in the field or 14 days with no water in the glasshouse, Kleaf decreased by 50% yet increased to hydrated values within 4 d of tank refilling. Staining to detect embolism combined with modeling indicated that changes outside the xylem were of greater importance to Kleaf than were changes inside the xylem and were associated with changes in intercellular air spaces (aerenchyma), aquaporin expression and inhibition, and cuticular conductance. CONCLUSIONS Low values for all conductances during drying, particularly in pathways outside the xylem, lead to hydraulic resilience for this species and may also contribute to its broad environmental tolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marvin G. Browne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Adam B. Roddy
- School of Forestry & Environmental StudiesYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Tiffany L. Kho
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Emily Wang
- Department of BiologyOccidental CollegeLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Vitor A. Fung
- Department of BiotechnologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
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43
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Zhang L, Chen L, Dong H. Plant Aquaporins in Infection by and Immunity Against Pathogens - A Critical Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:632. [PMID: 31191567 PMCID: PMC6546722 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant aquaporins (AQPs) of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) family face constant risk of hijack by pathogens aiming to infect plants. PIPs can also be involved in plant immunity against infection. This review will utilize two case studies to discuss biochemical and structural mechanisms that govern the functions of PIPs in the regulation of plant infection and immunity. The first example concerns the interaction between rice Oryza sativa and the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). To infect rice, Xoo uses the type III (T3) secretion system to secrete the proteic translocator Hpa1, and Hpa1 subsequently mediates the translocation of T3 effectors secreted by this system. Once shifted from bacteria into rice cells, effectors exert virulent or avirulent effects depending on the susceptibility of the rice varieties. The translocator function of Hpa1 requires cooperation with OsPIP1;3, the rice interactor of Hpa1. This role of OsPIP1;3 is related to regulatory models of effector translocation. The regulatory models have been proposed as, translocon-dependent delivery, translocon-independent pore formation, and effector endocytosis with membrane protein/lipid trafficking. The second case study includes the interaction of Hpa1 with the H2O2 transport channel AtPIP1;4, and the associated consequence for H2O2 signal transduction of immunity pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana, a non-host of Xoo. H2O2 is generated in the apoplast upon induction by a pathogen or microbial pattern. H2O2 from this source translocates quickly into Arabidopsis cells, where it interacts with pathways of intracellular immunity to confer plant resistance against diseases. To expedite H2O2 transport, AtPIP1;4 must adopt a specific conformation in a number of ways, including channel width extension through amino acid interactions and selectivity for H2O2 through amino acid protonation and tautomeric reactions. Both topics will reference relevant studies, conducted on other organisms and AQPs, to highlight possible mechanisms of T3 effector translocation currently under debate, and highlight the structural basis of AtPIP1;4 in H2O2 transport facilitated by gating and trafficking regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- Plant Immunity Research Group, National Key Laboratory of Crop Science, Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Plant Immunity Research Group, National Key Laboratory of Crop Science, Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Hansong Dong
- Plant Immunity Research Group, National Key Laboratory of Crop Science, Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Plant Immunity Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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44
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Zhang S, Feng M, Chen W, Zhou X, Lu J, Wang Y, Li Y, Jiang CZ, Gan SS, Ma N, Gao J. In rose, transcription factor PTM balances growth and drought survival via PIP2;1 aquaporin. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:290-299. [PMID: 30833710 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated systems in response to environmental changes, and growth arrest is a common strategy used to enhance stress tolerance. Despite the growth-survival trade-off being essential to the shaping of plant productivity, the mechanisms balancing growth and survival remain largely unknown. Aquaporins play a crucial role in growth and stress responses by controlling water transport across membranes. Here, we show that RhPIP2;1, an aquaporin from rose (Rosa sp.), interacts with a membrane-tethered MYB protein, RhPTM. Water deficiency triggers nuclear translocation of the RhPTM C terminus. Silencing of RhPTM causes continuous growth under drought stress and a consequent decrease in survival rate. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) indicated that RhPTM influences the expression of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism. Water deficiency induces phosphorylation of RhPIP2;1 at Ser 273, which is sufficient to promote nuclear translocation of the RhPTM C terminus. These results indicate that the RhPIP2;1-RhPTM module serves as a key player in orchestrating the trade-off between growth and stress survival in Rosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin'an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Crop Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Su-Sheng Gan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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45
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Xu K, Guo L, Ye H. A naturally optimized mass transfer process: The stomatal transpiration of plant leaves. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 234-235:138-144. [PMID: 30798115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal transpiration of leaves is a dominant pathway of plant physiological water loss. The leaf transpiration rate when stomata are fully open is commonly at the same level as the evaporation rate of a wet surface of the same area as that of the leaf area, although the cumulative area of the stomatal pores is typically less than 3% of the leaf area. To elucidate the highly efficient diffusion of the stomatal array from the perspective of mass transfer theory, stomatal distribution characteristics of various kinds of leaves were obtained with optical microscope, and steady diffusions of water vapor from isolated zero-depth circular stomata, elliptical stomata, and distributed stomatal arrays without airflow parallel to the surface were simulated with the finite element method. It was found that the long perimeter of the elliptical stomata and the specific distribution characteristics of the stomatal array are the dominant reasons for the highly efficient diffusion of the stomatal array on the leaves. Furthermore, the simulation results reveal that extremal transpiration rates exist for the stomatal arrays with different distribution characteristics. It was found that the transpiration rates of the vegetation tend to approach the extremal values for flourishing development in the process of natural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China.
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46
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Prado K, Cotelle V, Li G, Bellati J, Tang N, Tournaire-Roux C, Martinière A, Santoni V, Maurel C. Oscillating Aquaporin Phosphorylation and 14-3-3 Proteins Mediate the Circadian Regulation of Leaf Hydraulics. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:417-429. [PMID: 30674691 PMCID: PMC6447024 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates plant tissue hydraulics to synchronize water supply with environmental cycles and thereby optimize growth. The circadian fluctuations in aquaporin transcript abundance suggest that aquaporin water channels play a role in these processes. Here, we show that hydraulic conductivity (K ros) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) rosettes displays a genuine circadian rhythmicity with a peak around midday. Combined immunological and proteomic approaches revealed that phosphorylation at two C-terminal sites (Ser280, Ser283) of PLASMA MEMBRANE INTRINSIC PROTEIN 2;1 (AtPIP2;1), a major plasma membrane aquaporin in rosettes, shows circadian oscillations and is correlated with K ros Transgenic expression of phosphodeficient and phosphomimetic forms of this aquaporin indicated that AtPIP2;1 phosphorylation is necessary but not sufficient for K ros regulation. We investigated the supporting role of 14-3-3 proteins, which are known to interact with and regulate phosphorylated proteins. Individual knockout plants for five 14-3-3 protein isoforms expressed in rosettes lacked circadian activation of K ros Two of these [GRF4 (14-3-3Phi); GRF10 (14-3-3Epsilon)] showed direct interactions with AtPIP2;1 in the plant and upon coexpression in Xenopus laevis oocytes and activated AtPIP2;1, preferentially when the latter was phosphorylated at its two C-terminal sites. We propose that this regulatory mechanism assists in the activation of phosphorylated AtPIP2;1 during circadian regulation of K ros.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Prado
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Cotelle
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Guowei Li
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Jorge Bellati
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Ning Tang
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Colette Tournaire-Roux
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Martinière
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Santoni
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
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Scoffoni C, Albuquerque C, Cochard H, Buckley TN, Fletcher LR, Caringella MA, Bartlett M, Brodersen CR, Jansen S, McElrone AJ, Sack L. The Causes of Leaf Hydraulic Vulnerability and Its Influence on Gas Exchange in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1584-1601. [PMID: 30366978 PMCID: PMC6288733 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the dynamics of leaf hydraulic conductance (K leaf) diurnally and during dehydration on stomatal conductance and photosynthesis remains unclear. Using the model species Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia-0), we applied a multitiered approach including physiological measurements, high-resolution x-ray microcomputed tomography, and modeling at a range of scales to characterize (1) K leaf decline during dehydration; (2) its basis in the hydraulic conductances of leaf xylem and outside-xylem pathways (K ox); (3) the dependence of its dynamics on irradiance; (4) its impact on diurnal patterns of stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate; and (5) its influence on gas exchange and survival under simulated drought regimes. Arabidopsis leaves showed strong vulnerability to dehydration diurnally in both gas exchange and hydraulic conductance, despite lack of xylem embolism or conduit collapse above the turgor loss point, indicating a pronounced sensitivity of K ox to dehydration. K leaf increased under higher irradiance in well-hydrated leaves across the full range of water potential, but no shift in K leaf vulnerability was observed. Modeling indicated that responses to dehydration and irradiance are likely attributable to changes in membrane permeability and that a dynamic K ox would contribute strongly to stomatal closure, improving performance, survival, and efficient water use during drought. These findings for Columbia-0 provide a baseline for assessing variation across genotypes in hydraulic traits and their influence on gas exchange during dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, California 90032
| | - Caetano Albuquerque
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, PIAF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Leila R Fletcher
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Marissa A Caringella
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Megan Bartlett
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Craig R Brodersen
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany 89081
| | - Andrew J McElrone
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California 95616
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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48
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Pawłowicz I, Masajada K. Aquaporins as a link between water relations and photosynthetic pathway in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Gene 2018; 687:166-172. [PMID: 30445023 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plant aquaporins constitute a large family of proteins involved in facilitating the transport of water and small neutral molecules across biological membranes. In higher plants they are divided into several sub-families, depending on membrane-type localization and permeability to specific solutes. They are abundantly expressed in the majority of plant organs and tissues, and play a function in primary biological processes. Many studies revealed the significant role of aquaporins in acquiring abiotic stresses' tolerance. This review focuses on aquaporins belonging to PIPs sub-family that are permeable to water and/or carbon dioxide. Isoforms transporting water are involved in hydraulic conductance regulation in the leaves and roots, whereas those transporting carbon dioxide control stomatal and mesophyll conductance in the leaves. Changes in PIP aquaporins abundance/activity in stress conditions allow to maintain the water balance and photosynthesis adjustment. Broad analyses showed that tight control between water and carbon dioxide supplementation mediated by aquaporins influences plant productivity, especially in stress conditions. Involvement of aquaporins in adaptation strategies to dehydrative stresses in different plant species are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Pawłowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Masajada
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
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Asami P, Mundree S, Williams B. Saving for a rainy day: Control of energy needs in resurrection plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 271:62-66. [PMID: 29650158 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants constantly respond to threats in their environment by balancing their energy needs with growth, defence and survival. Some plants such as the small group of resilient angiosperms, the resurrection plants, do this better than most. Resurrection plants possess the capacity to tolerate desiccation in vegetative tissue and upon watering, regain full metabolic capacity within 72 h. Knowledge of how these plants survive such extremes has advanced in the last few decades, but the molecular mechanics remain elusive. Energy and water metabolism, cell cycle control, growth, senescence and cell death all play key roles in resurrection plant stress tolerance. Some resurrection plants suppress growth to improve energy efficiency and survival while sensitive species exhaust energy resources rapidly, have a diminished capacity to respond and die. How do the stress and energy metabolism responses employed by resurrection plants differ to those used by sensitive plants? In this perspective, we summarise recent findings defining the relationships between energy metabolism, stress tolerance and programmed cell death and speculate important roles for this regulation in resurrection plants. If we want to harness the strategies of resurrection plants for crop improvement, first we must understand the processes that underpin energy metabolism during growth and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Asami
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, QLD, Australia
| | - Sagadevan Mundree
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane 4001, QLD, Australia.
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50
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Xiong D, Douthe C, Flexas J. Differential coordination of stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, and leaf hydraulic conductance in response to changing light across species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:436-450. [PMID: 29220546 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal conductance (gs ) and mesophyll conductance (gm ) represent major constraints to photosynthetic rate (A), and these traits are expected to coordinate with leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ) across species, under both steady-state and dynamic conditions. However, empirical information about their coordination is scarce. In this study, Kleaf , gas exchange, stomatal kinetics, and leaf anatomy in 10 species including ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms were investigated to elucidate the correlation of H2 O and CO2 diffusion inside leaves under varying light conditions. Gas exchange, Kleaf , and anatomical traits varied widely across species. Under light-saturated conditions, the A, gs , gm , and Kleaf were strongly correlated across species. However, the response patterns of A, gs , gm , and Kleaf to varying light intensities were highly species dependent. Moreover, stomatal opening upon light exposure of dark-adapted leaves in the studied ferns and gymnosperms was generally faster than in the angiosperms; however, stomatal closing in light-adapted leaves after darkening was faster in angiosperms. The present results show that there is a large variability in the coordination of leaf hydraulic and gas exchange parameters across terrestrial plant species, as well as in their responses to changing light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Xiong
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, 07121, Spain
| | - Cyril Douthe
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, 07121, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, 07121, Spain
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