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Qin L, Deng YN, Zhang XY, Tang LH, Zhang CR, Xu SM, Wang K, Wang MH, Zhang XH, Su M, Xie Q, Hendrickson WA, Chen YH. Mechanistic insights into phosphoactivation of SLAC1 in guard cell signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2323040121. [PMID: 38985761 PMCID: PMC11260165 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2323040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Stomata in leaves regulate gas (carbon dioxide and water vapor) exchange and water transpiration between plants and the atmosphere. SLow Anion Channel 1 (SLAC1) mediates anion efflux from guard cells and plays a crucial role in controlling stomatal aperture. It serves as a central hub for multiple signaling pathways in response to environmental stimuli, with its activity regulated through phosphorylation via various plant protein kinases. However, the molecular mechanism underlying SLAC1 phosphoactivation has remained elusive. Through a combination of protein sequence analyses, AlphaFold-based modeling and electrophysiological studies, we unveiled that the highly conserved motifs on the N- and C-terminal segments of SLAC1 form a cytosolic regulatory domain (CRD) that interacts with the transmembrane domain(TMD), thereby maintaining the channel in an autoinhibited state. Mutations in these conserved motifs destabilize the CRD, releasing autoinhibition in SLAC1 and enabling its transition into an activated state. Our further studies demonstrated that SLAC1 activation undergoes an autoinhibition-release process and subsequent structural changes in the pore helices. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the activation mechanism of SLAC1 and shed light on understanding how SLAC1 controls stomatal closure in response to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Ya-nan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Xiang-yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Ling-hui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Chun-rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Shi-min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Mei-hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Xian-hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Min Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Qi Xie
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Maize, State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Syngenta Group China, Beijing102206, China
| | - Wayne A. Hendrickson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Yu-hang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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2
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Li S, Wei L, Gao Q, Xu M, Wang Y, Lin Z, Holford P, Chen ZH, Zhang L. Molecular and phylogenetic evidence of parallel expansion of anion channels in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2533-2548. [PMID: 38142233 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) and slow anion channels (SLACs) are important in various physiological processes in plants, including stomatal regulation, nutrient uptake, and in response to abiotic stress such as aluminum toxicity. To understand their evolutionary history and functional divergence, we conducted phylogenetic and expression analyses of ALMTs and SLACs in green plants. Our findings from phylogenetic studies indicate that ALMTs and SLACs may have originated from green algae and red algae, respectively. The ALMTs of early land plants and charophytes formed a monophyletic clade consisting of three subgroups. A single duplication event of ALMTs was identified in vascular plants and subsequent duplications into six clades occurred in angiosperms, including an identified clade, 1-1. The ALMTs experienced gene number losses in clades 1-1 and 2-1 and expansions in clades 1-2 and 2-2b. Interestingly, the expansion of clade 1-2 was also associated with higher expression levels compared to genes in clades that experienced apparent loss. SLACs first diversified in bryophytes, followed by duplication in vascular plants, giving rise to three distinct clades (I, II, and III), and clade II potentially associated with stomatal control in seed plants. SLACs show losses in clades II and III without substantial expansion in clade I. Additionally, ALMT clade 2-2 and SLAC clade III contain genes specifically expressed in reproductive organs and roots in angiosperms, lycophytes, and mosses, indicating neofunctionalization. In summary, our study demonstrates the evolutionary complexity of ALMTs and SLACs, highlighting their crucial role in the adaptation and diversification of vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Lanlan Wei
- College of Life Science, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhenguo Lin
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St.Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
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3
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Wang T, Chen X, Ju C, Wang C. Calcium signaling in plant mineral nutrition: From uptake to transport. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100678. [PMID: 37635354 PMCID: PMC10721523 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant mineral nutrition is essential for crop yields and human health. However, the uneven distribution of mineral elements over time and space leads to a lack or excess of available mineral elements in plants. Among the essential nutrients, calcium (Ca2+) stands out as a prominent second messenger that plays crucial roles in response to extracellular stimuli in all eukaryotes. Distinct Ca2+ signatures with unique parameters are induced by different stresses and deciphered by various Ca2+ sensors. Recent research on the participation of Ca2+ signaling in regulation of mineral elements has made great progress. In this review, we focus on the impact of Ca2+ signaling on plant mineral uptake and detoxification. Specifically, we emphasize the significance of Ca2+ signaling for regulation of plant mineral nutrition and delve into key points and novel avenues for future investigations, aiming to offer new insights into plant ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chuanfeng Ju
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Cun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement for Stress Tolerance and Production, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Wang P, Cao H, Quan S, Wang Y, Li M, Wei P, Zhang M, Wang H, Ma H, Li X, Yang ZB. Nitrate improves aluminium resistance through SLAH-mediated citrate exudation from roots. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3518-3541. [PMID: 37574955 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the major constraint for crop production in acidic soil, and the inappropriate utilization of nitrogen fertilizer can accelerate soil acidification. Despite previous studies investigating the regulation of nitrogen forms in Al toxicity of plants, the underlying mechanism, particularly at the molecular level, remains unclear. This study aims to uncover the potentially regulatory mechanism of nitrate (NO3 - ) in the Al resistance of maize and Arabidopsis. NO3 - conservatively improves Al resistance in maize and Arabidopsis, with nitrate-elevated citrate synthesis and exudation potentially playing critical roles in excluding Al from the root symplast. ZmSLAH2 in maize and AtSLAH1 in Arabidopsis are essential for the regulation of citrate exudation and NO3 - -promoted Al resistance, with ZmMYB81 directly targeting the ZmSLAH2 promoter to activate its activity. Additionally, NO3 - transport is necessary for NO3 - -promoted Al resistance, with ZmNRT1.1A and AtNRT1.1 potentially playing vital roles. The suppression of NO3 - transport in roots by ammonium (NH4 + ) may inhibit NO3 - -promoted Al resistance. This study provides novel insights into the understanding of the crucial role of NO3 - -mediated signalling in the Al resistance of plants and offers guidance for nitrogen fertilization on acid soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Hongrui Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Shuxuan Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Mu Li
- Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhong-Bao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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5
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Cai Z, Fu M, Yao Y, Chen Y, Song H, Zhang S. Differences in phytohormone and flavonoid metabolism explain the sex differences in responses of Salix rehderiana to drought and nitrogen deposition. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:534-553. [PMID: 36790349 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to global warming and the increase in nitrogen oxide emissions, plants experience drought and nitrogen (N) deposition. However, little is known about the acclimation to drought and N deposition of Salix species, which are dioecious woody plants. Here, an investigation into foliar N deposition combined with drought was conducted by assessing integrated phenotypes, phytohormones, transcriptomics, and metabolomics of male and female Salix rehderiana. The results indicated that there was greater transcriptional regulation in males than in females. Foliar N deposition induced an increase in foliar abscisic acid (ABA) levels in males, resulting in the inhibition of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, carbon (C) and N accumulation, and growth, whereas more N was assimilated in females. Growth as well as C and N accumulation in drought-stressed S. rehderiana females increased after N deposition. Interestingly, drought decreased flavonoid biosynthesis whereas N deposition increased it in females. Both drought and N deposition increased flavonoid methylation in males and glycosylation in females. However, in drought-exposed S. rehderiana, N deposition increased the biosynthesis and glycosylation of flavonoids in females but decreased glycosylation in males. Therefore, foliar N deposition affects the growth and drought tolerance of S. rehderiana by altering the foliar ABA levels and the biosynthesis and modification of flavonoids. This work provides a basis for understanding how S. rehderiana may acclimate to N deposition and drought in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mingyue Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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6
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Huang S, Maierhofer T, Hashimoto K, Xu X, Karimi SM, Müller H, Geringer MA, Wang Y, Kudla J, De Smet I, Hedrich R, Geiger D, Roelfsema MRG. The CIPK23 protein kinase represses SLAC1-type anion channels in Arabidopsis guard cells and stimulates stomatal opening. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:270-282. [PMID: 36597715 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells control the opening of stomatal pores in the leaf surface, with the use of a network of protein kinases and phosphatases. Loss of function of the CBL-interacting protein kinase 23 (CIPK23) was previously shown to decrease the stomatal conductance, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this response still need to be clarified. CIPK23 was specifically expressed in Arabidopsis guard cells, using an estrogen-inducible system. Stomatal movements were linked to changes in ion channel activity, determined with double-barreled intracellular electrodes in guard cells and with the two-electrode voltage clamp technique in Xenopus oocytes. Expression of the phosphomimetic variant CIPK23T190D enhanced stomatal opening, while the natural CIPK23 and a kinase-inactive CIPK23K60N variant did not affect stomatal movements. Overexpression of CIPK23T190D repressed the activity of S-type anion channels, while their steady-state activity was unchanged by CIPK23 and CIPK23K60N . We suggest that CIPK23 enhances the stomatal conductance at favorable growth conditions, via the regulation of several ion transport proteins in guard cells. The inhibition of SLAC1-type anion channels is an important facet of this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouguang Huang
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Maierhofer
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sohail M Karimi
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Müller
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Geringer
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Rob G Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Aluko OO, Kant S, Adedire OM, Li C, Yuan G, Liu H, Wang Q. Unlocking the potentials of nitrate transporters at improving plant nitrogen use efficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1074839. [PMID: 36895876 PMCID: PMC9989036 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1074839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate ( NO 3 - ) transporters have been identified as the primary targets involved in plant nitrogen (N) uptake, transport, assimilation, and remobilization, all of which are key determinants of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, less attention has been directed toward the influence of plant nutrients and environmental cues on the expression and activities of NO 3 - transporters. To better understand how these transporters function in improving plant NUE, this review critically examined the roles of NO 3 - transporters in N uptake, transport, and distribution processes. It also described their influence on crop productivity and NUE, especially when co-expressed with other transcription factors, and discussed these transporters' functional roles in helping plants cope with adverse environmental conditions. We equally established the possible impacts of NO 3 - transporters on the uptake and utilization efficiency of other plant nutrients while suggesting possible strategic approaches to improving NUE in plants. Understanding the specificity of these determinants is crucial to achieving better N utilization efficiency in crops within a given environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Olayemi Aluko
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Surya Kant
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Chuanzong Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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8
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Jiang W, Tong T, Chen X, Deng F, Zeng F, Pan R, Zhang W, Chen G, Chen ZH. Molecular response and evolution of plant anion transport systems to abiotic stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:397-412. [PMID: 34846607 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose that anion channels are essential players for green plants to respond and adapt to the abiotic stresses associated changing climate via reviewing the literature and analyzing the molecular evolution, comparative genetic analysis, and bioinformatics analysis of the key anion channel gene families. Climate change-induced abiotic stresses including heatwave, elevated CO2, drought, and flooding, had a major impact on plant growth in the last few decades. This scenario could lead to the exposure of plants to various stresses. Anion channels are confirmed as the key factors in plant stress responses, which exist in the green lineage plants. Numerous studies on anion channels have shed light on their protein structure, ion selectivity and permeability, gating characteristics, and regulatory mechanisms, but a great quantity of questions remain poorly understand. Here, we review function of plant anion channels in cell signaling to improve plant response to environmental stresses, focusing on climate change related abiotic stresses. We investigate the molecular response and evolution of plant slow anion channel, aluminum-activated malate transporter, chloride channel, voltage-dependent anion channel, and mechanosensitive-like anion channel in green plant. Furthermore, comparative genetic and bioinformatic analysis reveal the conservation of these anion channel gene families. We also discuss the tissue and stress specific expression, molecular regulation, and signaling transduction of those anion channels. We propose that anion channels are essential players for green plants to adapt in a diverse environment, calling for more fundamental and practical studies on those anion channels towards sustainable food production and ecosystem health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Deng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Rui Pan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
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9
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Song L, Wang X, Zou L, Prodhan Z, Yang J, Yang J, Ji L, Li G, Zhang R, Wang C, Li S, Zhang Y, Ji X, Zheng X, Li W, Zhang Z. Cassava ( Manihot esculenta) Slow Anion Channel ( MeSLAH4) Gene Overexpression Enhances Nitrogen Assimilation, Growth, and Yield in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:932947. [PMID: 35832225 PMCID: PMC9271942 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.932947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrient elements required for plant growth and development, which is also immensely related to the efficient use of nitrogen by crop plants. Therefore, plants evolved sophisticated mechanisms and anion channels to extract inorganic nitrogen (nitrate) from the soil or nutrient solutions, assimilate, and recycle the organic nitrogen. Hence, developing crop plants with a greater capability of using nitrogen efficiently is the fundamental research objective for attaining better agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. In this context, an in-depth investigation has been conducted into the cassava slow type anion channels (SLAHs) gene family, including genome-wide expression analysis, phylogenetic relationships with other related organisms, chromosome localization, and functional analysis. A potential and nitrogen-responsive gene of cassava (MeSLAH4) was identified and selected for overexpression (OE) analysis in rice, which increased the grain yield and root growth related performance. The morpho-physiological response of OE lines was better under low nitrogen (0.01 mm NH4NO3) conditions compared to the wild type (WT) and OE lines under normal nitrogen (0.5 mm NH4NO3) conditions. The relative expression of the MeSLAH4 gene was higher (about 80-fold) in the OE line than in the wild type. The accumulation and flux assay showed higher accumulation of NO 3 - and more expansion of root cells and grain dimension of OE lines compared to the wild type plants. The results of this experiment demonstrated that the MeSLAH4 gene may play a vital role in enhancing the efficient use of nitrogen in rice, which could be utilized for high-yielding crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Xingmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangping Zou
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Zakaria Prodhan
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Jiaheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Runcong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanchen Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
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10
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Woods P, Lehner KR, Hein K, Mullen JL, McKay JK. Root Pulling Force Across Drought in Maize Reveals Genotype by Environment Interactions and Candidate Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:883209. [PMID: 35498695 PMCID: PMC9051544 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.883209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput, field-based characterization of root systems for hundreds of genotypes in thousands of plots is necessary for breeding and identifying loci underlying variation in root traits and their plasticity. We designed a large-scale sampling of root pulling force, the vertical force required to extract the root system from the soil, in a maize diversity panel under differing irrigation levels for two growing seasons. We then characterized the root system architecture of the extracted root crowns. We found consistent patterns of phenotypic plasticity for root pulling force for a subset of genotypes under differential irrigation, suggesting that root plasticity is predictable. Using genome-wide association analysis, we identified 54 SNPs as statistically significant for six independent root pulling force measurements across two irrigation levels and four developmental timepoints. For every significant GWAS SNP for any trait in any treatment and timepoint we conducted post hoc tests for genotype-by-environment interaction, using a mixed model ANOVA. We found that 8 of the 54 SNPs showed significant GxE. Candidate genes underlying variation in root pulling force included those involved in nutrient transport. Although they are often treated separately, variation in the ability of plant roots to sense and respond to variation in environmental resources including water and nutrients may be linked by the genes and pathways underlying this variation. While functional validation of the identified genes is needed, our results expand the current knowledge of root phenotypic plasticity at the whole plant and gene levels, and further elucidate the complex genetic architecture of maize root systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Woods
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kevin R. Lehner
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kirsten Hein
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jack L. Mullen
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - John K. McKay
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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11
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Kashtoh H, Baek KH. Structural and Functional Insights into the Role of Guard Cell Ion Channels in Abiotic Stress-Induced Stomatal Closure. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122774. [PMID: 34961246 PMCID: PMC8707303 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A stomatal pore is formed by a pair of specialized guard cells and serves as a major gateway for water transpiration and atmospheric CO2 influx for photosynthesis in plants. These pores must be tightly controlled, as inadequate CO2 intake and excessive water loss are devastating for plants. When the plants are exposed to extreme weather conditions such as high CO2 levels, O3, low air humidity, and drought, the turgor pressure of the guard cells exhibits an appropriate response against these stresses, which leads to stomatal closure. This phenomenon involves a complex network of ion channels and their regulation. It is well-established that the turgor pressure of guard cells is regulated by ions transportation across the membrane, such as anions and potassium ions. In this review, the guard cell ion channels are discussed, highlighting the structure and functions of key ion channels; the SLAC1 anion channel and KAT1 potassium channel, and their regulatory components, emphasizing their significance in guard cell response to various stimuli.
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12
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Lehmann J, Jørgensen ME, Fratz S, Müller HM, Kusch J, Scherzer S, Navarro-Retamal C, Mayer D, Böhm J, Konrad KR, Terpitz U, Dreyer I, Mueller TD, Sauer M, Hedrich R, Geiger D, Maierhofer T. Acidosis-induced activation of anion channel SLAH3 in the flooding-related stress response of Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3575-3585.e9. [PMID: 34233161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Plants, as sessile organisms, gained the ability to sense and respond to biotic and abiotic stressors to survive severe changes in their environments. The change in our climate comes with extreme dry periods but also episodes of flooding. The latter stress condition causes anaerobiosis-triggered cytosolic acidosis and impairs plant function. The molecular mechanism that enables plant cells to sense acidity and convey this signal via membrane depolarization was previously unknown. Here, we show that acidosis-induced anion efflux from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots is dependent on the S-type anion channel AtSLAH3. Heterologous expression of SLAH3 in Xenopus oocytes revealed that the anion channel is directly activated by a small, physiological drop in cytosolic pH. Acidosis-triggered activation of SLAH3 is mediated by protonation of histidine 330 and 454. Super-resolution microscopy analysis showed that the increase in cellular proton concentration switches SLAH3 from an electrically silent channel dimer into its active monomeric form. Our results show that, upon acidification, protons directly switch SLAH3 to its open configuration, bypassing kinase-dependent activation. Moreover, under flooding conditions, the stress response of Arabidopsis wild-type (WT) plants was significantly higher compared to SLAH3 loss-of-function mutants. Our genetic evidence of SLAH3 pH sensor function may guide the development of crop varieties with improved stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Lehmann
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany; Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter -Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Morten E Jørgensen
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Stefanie Fratz
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Heike M Müller
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Jana Kusch
- University Hospital Jena, Institute of Physiologie II, Kollegiengasse 9, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Carlos Navarro-Retamal
- Center for Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling (CBSM), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Dominik Mayer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Jennifer Böhm
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Kai R Konrad
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Ulrich Terpitz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter -Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Center for Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling (CBSM), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Thomas D Mueller
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Biocenter -Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany.
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany
| | - Tobias Maierhofer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg 97082, Germany.
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13
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Abstract
Our knowledge of plant ion channels was significantly enhanced by the first application of the patch-clamp technique to isolated guard cell protoplasts over 35 years ago. Since then, research has demonstrated the importance of ion channels in the control of gas exchange in guard cells, their role in nutrient uptake in roots, and the participation of calcium-permeable cation channels in the regulation of cell signaling affected by the intracellular concentrations of this second messenger. In recent years, through the employment of reverse genetics, mutant proteins, and heterologous expression systems, research on ion channels has identified mechanisms that modify their activity through protein-protein interactions or that result in activation and/or deactivation of ion channels through posttranslational modifications. Additional and confirmatory information on ion channel functioning has been derived from the crystallization and molecular modeling of plant proteins that, together with functional analyses, have helped to increase our knowledge of the functioning of these important membrane proteins that may eventually help to improve crop yield. Here, an update on the advances obtained in plant ion channel function during the last few years is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Pantoja
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, México;
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14
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Lhamo D, Luan S. Potential Networks of Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium Channels and Transporters in Arabidopsis Roots at a Single Cell Resolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:689545. [PMID: 34220911 PMCID: PMC8242960 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.689545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are three major macronutrients essential for plant life. These nutrients are acquired and transported by several large families of transporters expressed in plant roots. However, it remains largely unknown how these transporters are distributed in different cell-types that work together to transfer the nutrients from the soil to different layers of root cells and eventually reach vasculature for massive flow. Using the single cell transcriptomics data from Arabidopsis roots, we profiled the transcriptional patterns of putative nutrient transporters in different root cell-types. Such analyses identified a number of uncharacterized NPK transporters expressed in the root epidermis to mediate NPK uptake and distribution to the adjacent cells. Some transport genes showed cortex- and endodermis-specific expression to direct the nutrient flow toward the vasculature. For long-distance transport, a variety of transporters were shown to express and potentially function in the xylem and phloem. In the context of subcellular distribution of mineral nutrients, the NPK transporters at subcellular compartments were often found to show ubiquitous expression patterns, which suggests function in house-keeping processes. Overall, these single cell transcriptomic analyses provide working models of nutrient transport from the epidermis across the cortex to the vasculature, which can be further tested experimentally in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhondup Lhamo
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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15
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Structure and activity of SLAC1 channels for stomatal signaling in leaves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2015151118. [PMID: 33926963 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015151118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomata in leaves regulate gas exchange between the plant and its atmosphere. Various environmental stimuli elicit abscisic acid (ABA); ABA leads to phosphoactivation of slow anion channel 1 (SLAC1); SLAC1 activity reduces turgor pressure in aperture-defining guard cells; and stomatal closure ensues. We used electrophysiology for functional characterizations of Arabidopsis thaliana SLAC1 (AtSLAC1) and cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) for structural analysis of Brachypodium distachyon SLAC1 (BdSLAC1), at 2.97-Å resolution. We identified 14 phosphorylation sites in AtSLAC1 and showed nearly 330-fold channel-activity enhancement with 4 to 6 of these phosphorylated. Seven SLAC1-conserved arginines are poised in BdSLAC1 for regulatory interaction with the N-terminal extension. This BdSLAC1 structure has its pores closed, in a basal state, spring loaded by phenylalanyl residues in high-energy conformations. SLAC1 phosphorylation fine-tunes an equilibrium between basal and activated SLAC1 trimers, thereby controlling the degree of stomatal opening.
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16
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Nan Y, Xie Y, Atif A, Wang X, Zhang Y, Tian H, Gao Y. Identification and Expression Analysis of SLAC/ SLAH Gene Family in Brassica napus L. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094671. [PMID: 33925116 PMCID: PMC8125795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow type anion channels (SLAC/SLAHs) play important roles during anion transport, growth and development, abiotic stress responses and hormone responses in plants. However, there is few report on SLAC/SLAHs in rapeseed (Brassica napus). Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of SLAC/SLAH gene family members were performed in B. napus. A total of 23 SLAC/SLAH genes were identified in B. napus. Based on the structural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of these members, the SLAC/SLAHs could be classified into three main groups. Transcriptome data demonstrated that BnSLAH3 genes were detected in various tissues of the rapeseed and could be up-regulated by low nitrate treatment in roots. BnSLAC/SLAHs were exclusively localized on the plasma membrane in transient expression of tobacco leaves. These results will increase our understanding of the evolution and expression of the SLAC/SLAHs and provide evidence for further research of biological functions of candidates in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyou Nan
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (A.A.); (X.W.)
| | - Yuyu Xie
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (A.A.); (X.W.)
| | - Ayub Atif
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (A.A.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (A.A.); (X.W.)
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Hui Tian
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (A.A.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yajun Gao
- College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.N.); (Y.X.); (A.A.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (Y.G.)
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17
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Preference of Proteomonas sulcata anion channelrhodopsin for NO 3- revealed using a pH electrode method. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7908. [PMID: 33846397 PMCID: PMC8041784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channel proteins are physiologically important molecules in living organisms. Their molecular functions have been investigated using electrophysiological methods, which enable quantitative, precise and advanced measurements and thus require complex instruments and experienced operators. For simpler and easier measurements, we measured the anion transport activity of light-gated anion channelrhodopsins (ACRs) using a pH electrode method, which has already been established for ion pump rhodopsins. Using that method, we successfully measured the anion transport activity and its dependence on the wavelength of light, i.e. its action spectra, and on the anion species, i.e. its selectivity or preference, of several ACRs expressed in yeast cells. In addition, we identified the strong anion transport activity and the preference for NO3− of an ACR from a marine cryptophyte algae Proteomonas sulcata, named PsuACR_353. Such a preference was discovered for the first time in microbial pump- or channel-type rhodopsins. Nitrate is one of the most stable forms of nitrogen and is used as a nitrogen source by most organisms including plants. Therefore, PsuACR_353 may play a role in NO3− transport and might take part in NO3−-related cellular functions in nature. Measurements of a mutant protein revealed that a Thr residue in the 3rd transmembrane helix, which corresponds to Cys102 in GtACR1, contributed to the preference for NO3−. These findings will be helpful to understand the mechanisms of anion transport, selectivity and preference of PsuACR_353.
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18
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Lu L, Zhang Y, Li L, Yi N, Liu Y, Qaseem MF, Li H, Wu AM. Physiological and Transcriptomic Responses to Nitrogen Deficiency in Neolamarckia cadamba. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:747121. [PMID: 34887886 PMCID: PMC8649893 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.747121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the abundant and essential elements for plant growth and development, and N deficiency (ND) affects plants at both physiological and transcriptomic levels. Neolamarckia cadamba is a fast-growing woody plant from the Rubiaceae family. However, the physiological and molecular impacts of ND on this species have not been well investigated. Here, we studied how N. cadamba responds to ND under hydroponic conditions. In a physiological aspect, ND led to a reduction in biomass, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic capacity. ND also impaired the assimilation of N as the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and nitrate reductase (NR) were decreased in the root. Interestingly, the lignin content of stem increased progressively during the ND stress. The main transcription factors, the transcription factors that are important to N regulation has been found to be upregulated, including Nodule inception-like protein 7 (NLP7), TGACG motif-binding factor 1 (TGA1), basic helix-loop-helix protein 45 (BHLH45), NAM, ATAF1,2, CUC2 (NAC) transcription factor 43 (NAC43), and basic leucine zipper pattern 44 (bZIP44). The expression of N transporters, such as nitrate transporter 2.4 (NRT2.4), ammonium transporter 3 (AMT3), and amino acid transporter protein 3 (AAP3), was also upregulated. In addition, phosphorus- and calcium-related genes such as phosphate starvation response 2 (PHR2) and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 15 (CNGC15) were expressed more abundantly in response to ND stress. Our results reveal the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which woody plants respond to ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Huiling Li,
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Ai-Min Wu,
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19
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Abstract
Drought is a severe environmental constraint, which significantly affects plant growth, productivity, and quality. Plants have developed specific mechanisms that perceive the stress signals and respond to external environmental changes via different mitigation strategies. Abscisic acid (ABA), being one of the phytohormones, serves as an important signaling mediator for plants’ adaptive response to a variety of environmental stresses. ABA triggers many physiological processes, including bud dormancy, seed germination, stomatal closure, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of stress-responsive gene expression. The site of its biosynthesis and action must be clarified to understand the signaling network of ABA. Various studies have documented multiple sites for ABA biosynthesis, their transporter proteins in the plasma membrane, and several components of ABA-dependent signaling pathways, suggesting that the ABA response to external stresses is a complex networking mechanism. Knowing about stress signals and responses will increase our ability to enhance crop stress tolerance through the use of various advanced techniques. This review will elaborate on the ABA biosynthesis, transportation, and signaling pathways at the molecular level in response to drought stress, which will add a new insight for future studies.
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20
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Dietrich P, Moeder W, Yoshioka K. Plant Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels: New Insights on Their Functions and Regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:27-38. [PMID: 32576644 PMCID: PMC7479878 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances of plant cyclic nucleotide-gated channels give new insight into their molecular functions focusing on regulation, subunit assembly, and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Dietrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Moeder
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Keiko Yoshioka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
- Center for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
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21
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Vidal EA, Alvarez JM, Araus V, Riveras E, Brooks MD, Krouk G, Ruffel S, Lejay L, Crawford NM, Coruzzi GM, Gutiérrez RA. Nitrate in 2020: Thirty Years from Transport to Signaling Networks. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2094-2119. [PMID: 32169959 PMCID: PMC7346567 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plants and a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop production. Nitrate is the main source of N available to plants in agricultural soils and in many natural environments. Sustaining agricultural productivity is of paramount importance in the current scenario of increasing world population, diversification of crop uses, and climate change. Plant productivity for major crops around the world, however, is still supported by excess application of N-rich fertilizers with detrimental economic and environmental impacts. Thus, understanding how plants regulate nitrate uptake and metabolism is key for developing new crops with enhanced N use efficiency and to cope with future world food demands. The study of plant responses to nitrate has gained considerable interest over the last 30 years. This review provides an overview of key findings in nitrate research, spanning biochemistry, molecular genetics, genomics, and systems biology. We discuss how we have reached our current view of nitrate transport, local and systemic nitrate sensing/signaling, and the regulatory networks underlying nitrate-controlled outputs in plants. We hope this summary will serve not only as a timeline and information repository but also as a baseline to define outstanding questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Vidal
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile, 7500565
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile, 8580745
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile, 8580745
| | - José M Alvarez
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile, 7500565
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile, 8580745
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Viviana Araus
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Eleodoro Riveras
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile, 7500565
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 8331150
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile, 8370415
| | - Matthew D Brooks
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Gabriel Krouk
- Biochemistry and Plant Molecular Physiology, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Universite Montpellier, Montpellier, France, 34060
| | - Sandrine Ruffel
- Biochemistry and Plant Molecular Physiology, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Universite Montpellier, Montpellier, France, 34060
| | - Laurence Lejay
- Biochemistry and Plant Molecular Physiology, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Universite Montpellier, Montpellier, France, 34060
| | - Nigel M Crawford
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093
| | - Gloria M Coruzzi
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology, Santiago, Chile, 7500565
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 8331150
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile, 8370415
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22
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Rubio L, García-Pérez D, Davies JM, Fernández JA. Short-Term Response of Cytosolic N O 3 - to Inorganic Carbon Increase in Posidonia oceanica Leaf Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:955. [PMID: 32670341 PMCID: PMC7330836 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased over the past 200 years and is expected to continue rising in the next 50 years at a rate of 3 ppm·year-1. This increase has led to a decrease in seawater pH that has changed inorganic carbon chemical speciation, increasing the dissolved HC O 3 - . Posidonia oceanica is a marine angiosperm that uses HC O 3 - as an inorganic carbon source for photosynthesis. An important side effect of the direct uptake of HC O 3 - is the diminution of cytosolic Cl- (Cl-c) in mesophyll leaf cells due to the efflux through anion channels and, probably, to intracellular compartmentalization. Since anion channels are also permeable to N O 3 - we hypothesize that high HC O 3 - , or even CO2, would also promote a decrease of cytosolic N O 3 - ( N O 3 - c ). In this work we have used N O 3 - - and Cl--selective microelectrodes for the continuous monitoring of the cytosolic concentration of both anions in P. oceanica leaf cells. Under light conditions, mesophyll leaf cells showed a N O 3 - c of 5.7 ± 0.2 mM, which rose up to 7.2 ± 0.6 mM after 30 min in the dark. The enrichment of natural seawater (NSW) with 3 mM NaHCO3 caused both a N O 3 - c decrease of 1 ± 0.04 mM and a Cl c - decrease of 3.5 ± 0.1 mM. The saturation of NSW with 1000 ppm CO2 also produced a diminution of the N O 3 - c , but lower (0.4 ± 0.07 mM). These results indicate that the rise of dissolved inorganic carbon ( HC O 3 - or CO2) in NSW would have an effect on the cytosolic anion homeostasis mechanisms in P. oceanica leaf cells. In the presence of 0.1 mM ethoxyzolamide, the plasma membrane-permeable carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, the CO2-induced cytosolic N O 3 - diminution was much lower (0.1 ± 0.08 mM), pointing to HC O 3 - as the inorganic carbon species that causes the cytosolic N O 3 - leak. The incubation of P. oceanica leaf pieces in 3 mM HC O 3 - -enriched NSW triggered a short-term external N O 3 - net concentration increase consistent with the N O 3 - c leak. As a consequence, the cytosolic N O 3 - diminution induced in high inorganic carbon could result in both the decrease of metabolic N flux and the concomitant biomass N impoverishment in P. oceanica and, probably, in other aquatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Rubio
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Delia García-Pérez
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Julia M. Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - José A. Fernández
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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23
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Ma QJ, Sun MH, Lu J, Hu DG, Kang H, You CX, Hao YJ. Phosphorylation of a malate transporter promotes malate excretion and reduces cadmium uptake in apple. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3437-3449. [PMID: 32147696 PMCID: PMC7475249 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is a major environmental and human health hazard in many areas of the world. Organic acids sequester heavy metals and protect plant roots from the effects of toxicity; however, it is largely unknown how these acids are regulated in response to heavy metal stress. Here, protein kinase SOS2L1 from apple was functionally characterized. MdSOS2L1 was found to be involved in the regulation of malate excretion, and to inhibit cadmium uptake into roots. Using the DUAL membrane system in a screen of an apple cDNA library with MdSOS2L1 as bait, a malate transporter, MdALMT14, was identified as an interactor. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation, pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation assays further indicated the interaction of the two proteins. Transgenic analyses showed that MdSOS2L1 is required for cadmium-induced phosphorylation at the Ser358 site of MdALMT14, a modification that enhanced the stability of the MdALMT14 protein. MdSOS2L1 was also shown to enhance cadmium tolerance in an MdALMT14-dependent manner. This study sheds light on the roles of the MdSOS2L1-MdALMT14 complex in physiological responses to cadmium toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jun Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mei-Hong Sun
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Kang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
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24
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Wang Y, Chen ZH. Does Molecular and Structural Evolution Shape the Speedy Grass Stomata? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:333. [PMID: 32373136 PMCID: PMC7186404 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been increasingly important for breeding programs to be aimed at crops that are capable of coping with a changing climate, especially with regards to higher frequency and intensity of drought events. Grass stomatal complex has been proposed as an important factor that may enable grasses to adapt to water stress and variable climate conditions. There are many studies focusing on the stomatal morphology and development in the eudicot model plant Arabidopsis and monocot model plant Brachypodium. However, the comprehensive understanding of the distinction of stomatal structure and development between monocots and eudicots, especially between grasses and eudicots, are still less known at evolutionary and comparative genetic levels. Therefore, we employed the newly released version of the One Thousand Plant Transcriptome (OneKP) database and existing databases of green plant genome assemblies to explore the evolution of gene families that contributed to the formation of the unique structure and development of grass stomata. This review emphasizes the differential stomatal morphology, developmental mechanisms, and guard cell signaling in monocots and eudicots. We provide a summary of useful molecular evidences for the high water use efficiency of grass stomata that may offer new horizons for future success in breeding climate resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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25
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Tang RJ, Luan M, Wang C, Lhamo D, Yang Y, Zhao FG, Lan WZ, Fu AG, Luan S. Plant Membrane Transport Research in the Post-genomic Era. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100013. [PMID: 33404541 PMCID: PMC7747983 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane transport processes are indispensable for many aspects of plant physiology including mineral nutrition, solute storage, cell metabolism, cell signaling, osmoregulation, cell growth, and stress responses. Completion of genome sequencing in diverse plant species and the development of multiple genomic tools have marked a new era in understanding plant membrane transport at the mechanistic level. Genes coding for a galaxy of pumps, channels, and carriers that facilitate various membrane transport processes have been identified while multiple approaches are developed to dissect the physiological roles as well as to define the transport capacities of these transport systems. Furthermore, signaling networks dictating the membrane transport processes are established to fully understand the regulatory mechanisms. Here, we review recent research progress in the discovery and characterization of the components in plant membrane transport that take advantage of plant genomic resources and other experimental tools. We also provide our perspectives for future studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mingda Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dhondup Lhamo
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fu-Geng Zhao
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Lan
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ai-Gen Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Corresponding author
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26
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Saito S, Uozumi N. Calcium-Regulated Phosphorylation Systems Controlling Uptake and Balance of Plant Nutrients. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:44. [PMID: 32117382 PMCID: PMC7026023 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Essential elements taken up from the soil and distributed throughout the whole plant play diverse roles in different tissues. Cations and anions contribute to maintenance of intracellular osmolarity and the formation of membrane potential, while nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate are incorporated into amino acids and other organic compounds. In contrast to these ion species, calcium concentrations are usually kept low in the cytosol and calcium displays unique behavior as a cytosolic signaling molecule. Various environmental stresses stimulate increases in the cytosolic calcium concentration, leading to activation of calcium-regulated protein kinases and downstream signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the stress responsive regulation of nutrient uptake and balancing by two types of calcium-regulated phosphorylation systems: CPK and CBL-CIPK. CPK is a family of protein kinases activated by calcium. CBL is a group of calcium sensor proteins that interact with CIPK kinases, which phosphorylate their downstream targets. In Arabidopsis, quite a few ion transport systems are regulated by CPKs or CBL-CIPK complexes, including channels/transporters that mediate transport of potassium (KAT1, KAT2, GORK, AKT1, AKT2, HAK5, SPIK), sodium (SOS1), ammonium (AMT1;1, AMT1;2), nitrate and chloride (SLAC1, SLAH2, SLAH3, NRT1.1, NRT2.4, NRT2.5), and proton (AHA2, V-ATPase). CPKs and CBL-CIPKs also play a role in C/N nutrient response and in acquisition of magnesium and iron. This functional regulation by calcium-dependent phosphorylation systems ensures the growth of plants and enables them to acquire tolerance against various environmental stresses. Calcium serves as the key factor for the regulation of membrane transport systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Saito
- *Correspondence: Shunya Saito, ; Nobuyuki Uozumi,
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27
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Schäfer N, Maierhofer T, Herrmann J, Jørgensen ME, Lind C, von Meyer K, Lautner S, Fromm J, Felder M, Hetherington AM, Ache P, Geiger D, Hedrich R. A Tandem Amino Acid Residue Motif in Guard Cell SLAC1 Anion Channel of Grasses Allows for the Control of Stomatal Aperture by Nitrate. Curr Biol 2019; 28:1370-1379.e5. [PMID: 29706511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The latest major group of plants to evolve were the grasses. These became important in the mid-Paleogene about 40 million years ago. During evolution, leaf CO2 uptake and transpirational water loss were optimized by the acquisition of grass-specific stomatal complexes. In contrast to the kidney-shaped guard cells (GCs) typical of the dicots such as Arabidopsis, in the grasses and agronomically important cereals, the GCs are dumbbell shaped and are associated with morphologically distinct subsidiary cells (SCs). We studied the molecular basis of GC action in the major cereal crop barley. Upon feeding ABA to xylem sap of an intact barley leaf, stomata closed in a nitrate-dependent manner. This process was initiated by activation of GC SLAC-type anion channel currents. HvSLAC1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes gave rise to S-type anion currents that increased several-fold upon stimulation with >3 mM nitrate. We identified a tandem amino acid residue motif that within the SLAC1 channels differs fundamentally between monocots and dicots. When the motif of nitrate-insensitive dicot Arabidopsis SLAC1 was replaced by the monocot signature, AtSLAC1 converted into a grass-type like nitrate-sensitive channel. Our work reveals a fundamental difference between monocot and dicot GCs and prompts questions into the selective pressures during evolution that resulted in fundamental changes in the regulation of SLAC1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schäfer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Maierhofer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Herrmann
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Morten Egevang Jørgensen
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christof Lind
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina von Meyer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silke Lautner
- Department of Wood Science, University Hamburg, Leuschnerstrasse 91d, 21031 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Fromm
- Department of Wood Science, University Hamburg, Leuschnerstrasse 91d, 21031 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius Felder
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alistair M Hetherington
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Peter Ache
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
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28
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Liu Y, Maierhofer T, Rybak K, Sklenar J, Breakspear A, Johnston MG, Fliegmann J, Huang S, Roelfsema MRG, Felix G, Faulkner C, Menke FL, Geiger D, Hedrich R, Robatzek S. Anion channel SLAH3 is a regulatory target of chitin receptor-associated kinase PBL27 in microbial stomatal closure. eLife 2019; 8:44474. [PMID: 31524595 PMCID: PMC6776436 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, antimicrobial immune responses involve the cellular release of anions and are responsible for the closure of stomatal pores. Detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) induces currents mediated via slow-type (S-type) anion channels by a yet not understood mechanism. Here, we show that stomatal closure to fungal chitin is conferred by the major PRRs for chitin recognition, LYK5 and CERK1, the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase PBL27, and the SLAH3 anion channel. PBL27 has the capacity to phosphorylate SLAH3, of which S127 and S189 are required to activate SLAH3. Full activation of the channel entails CERK1, depending on PBL27. Importantly, both S127 and S189 residues of SLAH3 are required for chitin-induced stomatal closure and anti-fungal immunity at the whole leaf level. Our results demonstrate a short signal transduction module from MAMP recognition to anion channel activation, and independent of ABA-induced SLAH3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Maierhofer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Rybak
- LMU Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jan Sklenar
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Judith Fliegmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Shouguang Huang
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - M Rob G Roelfsema
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Felix
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Dietmar Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Silke Robatzek
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, United Kingdom.,LMU Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Martinsried, Germany
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29
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Chen G, Wang L, Chen Q, Qi K, Yin H, Cao P, Tang C, Wu X, Zhang S, Wang P, Wu J. PbrSLAH3 is a nitrate-selective anion channel which is modulated by calcium-dependent protein kinase 32 in pear. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:190. [PMID: 31068146 PMCID: PMC6507222 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional characteristics of SLAC/SLAH family members isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana, poplar, barley and rice have been comprehensively investigated. However, there are no reports regarding SLAC/SLAH family genes from Rosaceae plants. RESULTS In this study, the function of PbrSLAH3, which is predominately expressed in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) root, was investigated. PbrSLAH3 can rescue the ammonium toxicity phenomenon of slah3 mutant plants under high-ammonium/low-nitrate conditions. In addition, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays confirmed that PbrSLAH3 interacts with PbrCPK32. Moreover, when PbrSLAH3 was co-expressed with either the Arabidopsis calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPK) 21 or PbrCPK32 in Xenopus oocytes, yellow fluorescence was emitted from the oocytes and typical anion currents were recorded in the presence of extracellular NO3-. However, when PbrSLAH3 alone was injected, no yellow fluorescence or anion currents were recorded, suggesting that anion channel PbrSLAH3 activity was controlled through phosphorylation. Finally, electrophysiological and transgene results showed that PbrSLAH3 was more permeable to NO3- than Cl-. CONCLUSION We suggest that PbrSLAH3 crossing-talk with PbrCPK32 probably participate in transporting of nitrate nutrition in pear root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Chen
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 6. Tongwei Road, Nanjing, China
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30
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Wang L, Guo MY, Thibaud JB, Véry AA, Sentenac H. A repertoire of cationic and anionic conductances at the plasma membrane of Medicago truncatula root hairs. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:418-433. [PMID: 30673148 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs, as lateral extensions of epidermal cells, provide large absorptive surfaces to the root and are major actors in plant hydromineral nutrition. In contact with the soil they also constitute a site of interactions between the plant and rhizospheric microorganisms. In legumes, initiation of symbiotic interactions with N2 -fixing rhizobia is often triggered at the root hair cell membrane in response to nodulation factors secreted by rhizobia, and involves early signaling events with changes in H+ , Ca2+ , K+ and Cl- fluxes inducing transient depolarization of the cell membrane. Here, we aimed to build a functional repertoire of the major root hair conductances to cations and anions in the sequenced legume model Medicago truncatula. Five root hair conductances were characterized through patch-clamp experiments on enzymatically recovered root hair protoplasts. These conductances displayed varying properties of voltage dependence, kinetics and ion selectivity. They consisted of hyperpolarization- and depolarization-activated conductances for K+ , cations or Cl- . Among these, one weakly outwardly rectifying cationic conductance and one hyperpolarization-activated slowly inactivating anionic conductance were not known as active in root hairs. All five conductances were detected in apical regions of young growing root hairs using membrane spheroplasts obtained by laser-assisted cell-wall microdissection. Combined with recent root hair transcriptomes of M. truncatula, this functional repertoire of conductances is expected to help the identification of candidate genes for reverse genetics studies to investigate the possible role of each conductance in root hair growth and interaction with the biotic and abiotic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Man-Yuan Guo
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thibaud
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, F34093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Anne-Aliénor Véry
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
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31
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Saito S, Uozumi N. Guard Cell Membrane Anion Transport Systems and Their Regulatory Components: An Elaborate Mechanism Controlling Stress-Induced Stomatal Closure. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8010009. [PMID: 30609843 PMCID: PMC6359458 DOI: 10.3390/plants8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
When plants are exposed to drastic environmental changes such as drought, salt or bacterial invasion, rapid stomatal movement confers tolerance to these stresses. This process involves a variety of guard cell expressed ion channels and their complex regulation network. Inward K+ channels mainly function in stomatal opening. On the other hand, guard cell anion channels play a crucial role in the closing of stomata, which is vital in terms of preventing water loss and bacterial entrance. Massive progress has been made on the research of these anion channels in the last decade. In this review, we focus on the function and regulation of Arabidopsis guard cell anion channels. Starting from SLAC1, a main contributor of stomatal closure, members of SLAHs (SLAC1 homologues), AtNRTs (Nitrate transporters), AtALMTs (Aluminum-activated malate transporters), ABC transporters, AtCLCs (Chloride channels), DTXs (Detoxification efflux carriers), SULTRs (Sulfate transporters), and their regulator components are reviewed. These membrane transport systems are the keys to maintaining cellular ion homeostasis against fluctuating external circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Saito
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-07, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-07, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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32
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Wang L, Stacey G, Leblanc-Fournier N, Legué V, Moulia B, Davies JM. Early Extracellular ATP Signaling in Arabidopsis Root Epidermis: A Multi-Conductance Process. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1064. [PMID: 31552068 PMCID: PMC6737080 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is an important extracellular signaling agent, operating in growth regulation, stomatal conductance, and wound response. With the first receptor for extracellular ATP now identified in plants (P2K1/DORN1) and a plasma membrane NADPH oxidase revealed as its target, the search continues for the components of the signaling cascades they command. The Arabidopsis root elongation zone epidermal plasma membrane has recently been shown to contain cation transport pathways (channel conductances) that operate downstream of P2K1 and could contribute to extracellular ATP (eATP) signaling. Here, patch clamp electrophysiology has been used to delineate two further conductances from the root elongation zone epidermal plasma membrane that respond to eATP, including one that would permit chloride transport. This perspective addresses how these conductances compare to those previously characterized in roots and how they might operate together to enable early events in eATP signaling, including elevation of cytosolic-free calcium as a second messenger. The role of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that could arise from eATP's activation of NADPH oxidases is considered in a qualitative model that also considers the regulation of plasma membrane potential by the concerted action of the various cation and anion conductances. The molecular identities of the channel conductances in eATP signaling remain enigmatic but may yet be found in the multigene families of glutamate receptor-like channels, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, annexins, and aluminum-activated malate transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | - Valérie Legué
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Moulia
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julia M. Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Julia M. Davies,
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Duan X, Yu Y, Duanmu H, Chen C, Sun X, Cao L, Li Q, Ding X, Liu B, Zhu Y. GsSLAH3, a Glycine soja slow type anion channel homolog, positively modulates plant bicarbonate stress tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 164:145-162. [PMID: 29243826 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline stress is a major form of abiotic stress that severely inhibits plant growth and development, thus restricting crop productivity. However, little is known about how plants respond to alkali. In this study, a slow-type anion channel homolog 3 gene, GsSLAH3, was isolated and functionally characterized. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the GsSLAH3 protein contains 10 transmembrane helices. Consistently, GsSLAH3 was found to locate on plasma membrane by transient expression in onion epidermal cells. In wild soybeans, GsSLAH3 expression was induced by NaHCO3 treatment, suggesting its involvement in plant response to alkaline stress. Ectopic expression of GsSLAH3 in yeast increased sensitivity to alkali treatment. Dramatically, overexpression of GsSLAH3 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced alkaline tolerance during the germination, seedling and adult stages. More interestingly, we found that transgenic lines also improved plant tolerance to KHCO3 rather than high pH treatment. A nitrate content analysis of Arabidopsis shoots showed that GsSLAH3 overexpressing lines accumulated more NO3- than wild-type. In summary, our data suggest that GsSLAH3 is a positive alkali responsive gene that increases bicarbonate resistance specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huizi Duanmu
- College of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Agricultural College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaodong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Beidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg S-413 90, Sweden
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Gu J, Li Z, Mao Y, Struik PC, Zhang H, Liu L, Wang Z, Yang J. Roles of nitrogen and cytokinin signals in root and shoot communications in maximizing of plant productivity and their agronomic applications. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:320-331. [PMID: 30080619 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential, often limiting, factor in plant growth and development. To regulate growth under limited nitrogen supply, plants sense the internal and external nitrogen status, and coordinate various metabolic processes and developmental programs accordingly. This coordination requires the transmission of various signaling molecules that move across the entire plant. Cytokinins, phytohormones derived from adenine and synthesized in various parts of the plant, are considered major local and long-distance messengers. Cytokinin metabolism and signaling are closely associated with nitrogen availability. They are systemically transported via the vasculature from plant roots to shoots, and vice versa, thereby coordinating shoot and root development. Tight linkage exists between the nitrogen signaling network and cytokinins during diverse developmental and physiological processes. However, the cytokinin-nitrogen interactions and the communication systems involved in sensing rhizospheric nitrogen status and in regulating canopy development remain obscure. We review current knowledge on cytokinin biosynthesis, transport and signaling, nitrogen acquisition, metabolism and signaling, and their interactive roles in regulating root-shoot morphological and physiological characteristics. We also discuss the role of spatio-temporal regulation of cytokinins in enhancing beneficial crop traits of yield and nitrogen use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhikang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yiqi Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Science, Wageningen University, PO Box 430, Wageningen, 6700 AK, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Chen G, Li X, Qiao X, Li J, Wang L, Kou X, Wu X, Wang G, Yin H, Wang P, Zhang S, Wu J. Genome-wide survey and expression analysis of the SLAC/SLAH gene family in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) and other members of the Rosaceae. Genomics 2018; 111:1097-1107. [PMID: 31533901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
S-type anion channels, which play important roles in plant anion (such as nitrate and chloride) transport, growth and development, abiotic stress responses and hormone signaling. However, there is far less information about this family in Rosaceae species. We performed a genome-wide analysis and identified SLAC/SLAH gene family members in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) and four other species of Rosaceae. A total of 21 SLAC/SLAH genes were identified from the five Rosaceae species. Based on the structural characteristics and a phylogenetic analysis of these genes, the SLAC/SLAH gene family could be classified into three main groups. Transcriptome data demonstrated that PbrSLAC/SLAH genes were detected in all parts of the pear. PbrSLAC/SLAH genes were only located on the plasma membrane in transient expression experiments in Arabidopsis protoplasts cells. These results provide valuable information that increases our understanding of the evolution, expression and functions of the SLAC/SLAH gene family in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Chen
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Li Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaobing Kou
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guoming Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juyou Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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36
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Orieux C, Demarest G, Decau ML, Beauclair P, Bataillé MP, Le Deunff E. Changes in 15NO 3 - Availability and Transpiration Rate Are Associated With a Rapid Diurnal Adjustment of Anion Contents as Well as 15N and Water Fluxes Between the Roots and Shoots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1751. [PMID: 30559754 PMCID: PMC6287045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims: Understanding interactions between water and nitrate fluxes in response to nitrate availability and transpiration rate is crucial to select more efficient plants for the use of water and nitrate. Methods: Some of these interactions were investigated in intact Brassica napus plants by combining a non-destructive gravimetric device with 15NO3 - labeling. The set-up allowed high-resolution measurement of the effects of a cross-combination of two concentrations of KNO3 or KCl (0.5 and 5 mM) with two different rates of transpiration controlled by the relative humidity during a day-night cycle. Key Results: Results show that (1) high external nitrate concentrations increased root water uptake significantly whatever the transpiration rate, (2) nitrate translocation depended both on the rate of nitrate uptake and loading into xylem (3) dilution-concentration effect of nitrate in the xylem was mainly modulated by both external nitrate availability and transpiration rate, (4) dynamic changes in 15N translocation in the xylem modified shoot growth and capacitance, and (5) variations in tissue concentrations of NO3 - induced by the experimental conditions were balanced by changes in concentrations of chloride and sulfate ions. These effects were even more amplified under low transpiration condition and 0.5 mM external nitrate concentration. Conclusion: Taken together, these results highlight the fine and rapid adjustment of anion contents, nitrate and water flows to changes in transpiration rate and nitrate availability during a day-night cycle. The use of this non-invasive gravimetric device is therefore a powerful tool to assess candidates genes involved in nitrogen and water use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Orieux
- Ecophysiologie Végétale Agronomie et Nutritions N.C.S., UNICAEN, INRA, EVA, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Gilles Demarest
- Ecophysiologie Végétale Agronomie et Nutritions N.C.S., UNICAEN, INRA, EVA, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Marie-Laure Decau
- INRA FERLUS-SOERE, INRA – Auvergne Rhône-Alpes Centre, Lusignan, France
| | - Patrick Beauclair
- Ecophysiologie Végétale Agronomie et Nutritions N.C.S., UNICAEN, INRA, EVA, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Marie-Paule Bataillé
- Centre Michel de Boüard et LETG-Caen Geophen, UNICAEN, CNRS, CRAHAM, LETG, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Erwan Le Deunff
- Structure Fédérative Interactions Cellules ORganismes Environnement, UNICAEN, ICORE, Normandie Université, Caen, France
- *Correspondence: Erwan Le Deunff,
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37
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Kusumi K, Hashimura A, Yamamoto Y, Negi J, Iba K. Contribution of the S-type Anion Channel SLAC1 to Stomatal Control and Its Dependence on Developmental Stage in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:2085-2094. [PMID: 29040767 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rice production depends on water availability and carbon fixation by photosynthesis. Therefore, optimal control of stomata, which regulate leaf transpiration and CO2 absorption, is important for high productivity. SLOW ANION CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED 1 (SLAC1) is an S-type anion channel protein that controls stomatal closure in response to elevated CO2. Rice slac1 mutants showed significantly increased stomatal conductance (gs) and enhanced CO2 assimilation. To discern the contribution of stomatal regulation to rice growth, we compared gs in the wild type (WT) and two mutants, slac1 and the dominant-positive mutant SLAC1-F461A, which expresses a point mutation causing an amino acid substitution (F461A) in SLAC1, at different growth stages. Because the side group of F461 is estimated to function as the channel gate, stomata in the SLAC1-F461A mutant are expected to close constitutively. All three lines had maximum gs during the tillering stage, when the gs values were 50% higher in slac1 and 70% lower in SLAC1-F461A, compared with the WT. At the tillering stage, the gs values were highest in the first leaves at the top of the stem and lower in the second and third leaves in all three lines. Both slac1 and SLAC1-F461A retained the ability to change gs in response to the day-night cycle, and showed differences in tillering rate and plant height compared with the WT, and lower grain yield. These observations show that SLAC1 plays a crucial role in regulating stomata in rice at the tillering stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kusumi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ayana Hashimura
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Juntaro Negi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Koh Iba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Müller HM, Schäfer N, Bauer H, Geiger D, Lautner S, Fromm J, Riederer M, Bueno A, Nussbaumer T, Mayer K, Alquraishi SA, Alfarhan AH, Neher E, Al-Rasheid KAS, Ache P, Hedrich R. The desert plant Phoenix dactylifera closes stomata via nitrate-regulated SLAC1 anion channel. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:150-162. [PMID: 28670699 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Date palm Phoenix dactylifera is a desert crop well adapted to survive and produce fruits under extreme drought and heat. How are palms under such harsh environmental conditions able to limit transpirational water loss? Here, we analysed the cuticular waxes, stomata structure and function, and molecular biology of guard cells from P. dactylifera. To understand the stomatal response to the water stress phytohormone of the desert plant, we cloned the major elements necessary for guard cell fast abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and reconstituted this ABA signalosome in Xenopus oocytes. The PhoenixSLAC1-type anion channel is regulated by ABA kinase PdOST1. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) demonstrated that date palm guard cells release chloride during stomatal closure. However, in Cl- medium, PdOST1 did not activate the desert plant anion channel PdSLAC1 per se. Only when nitrate was present at the extracellular face of the anion channel did the OST1-gated PdSLAC1 open, thus enabling chloride release. In the presence of nitrate, ABA enhanced and accelerated stomatal closure. Our findings indicate that, in date palm, the guard cell osmotic motor driving stomatal closure uses nitrate as the signal to open the major anion channel SLAC1. This initiates guard cell depolarization and the release of anions together with potassium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike M Müller
- Biocenter, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Schäfer
- Biocenter, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Bauer
- Biocenter, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Biocenter, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Silke Lautner
- Department of Wood Science, University Hamburg, 21031, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Fromm
- Department of Wood Science, University Hamburg, 21031, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Riederer
- Biocenter, Institute for Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Amauri Bueno
- Biocenter, Institute for Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Nussbaumer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Mayer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Ahmed H Alfarhan
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erwin Neher
- Department for Membrane Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Khaled A S Al-Rasheid
- Biocenter, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Ache
- Biocenter, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Biocenter, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
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39
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Hedrich R, Geiger D. Biology of SLAC1-type anion channels - from nutrient uptake to stomatal closure. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:46-61. [PMID: 28722226 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Contents 46 I. 46 II. 47 III. 50 IV. 53 V. 56 VI. 57 58 58 References 58 SUMMARY: Stomatal guard cells control leaf CO2 intake and concomitant water loss to the atmosphere. When photosynthetic CO2 assimilation is limited and the ratio of CO2 intake to transpiration becomes suboptimal, guard cells, sensing the rise in CO2 concentration in the substomatal cavity, deflate and the stomata close. Screens for mutants that do not close in response to experimentally imposed high CO2 atmospheres identified the guard cell-expressed Slowly activating anion channel, SLAC1, as the key player in the regulation of stomatal closure. SLAC1 evolved, though, before the emergence of guard cells. In Arabidopsis, SLAC1 is the founder member of a family of anion channels, which comprises four homologues. SLAC1 and SLAH3 mediate chloride and nitrate transport in guard cells, while SLAH1, SLAH2 and SLAH3 are engaged in root nitrate and chloride acquisition, and anion translocation to the shoot. The signal transduction pathways involved in CO2 , water stress and nutrient-sensing activate SLAC/SLAH via distinct protein kinase/phosphatase pairs. In this review, we discuss the role that SLAC/SLAH channels play in guard cell closure, on the one hand, and in the root-shoot continuum on the other, along with the molecular basis of the channels' anion selectivity and gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, 97082, Germany
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40
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Wege S, Gilliham M, Henderson SW. Chloride: not simply a 'cheap osmoticum', but a beneficial plant macronutrient. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3057-3069. [PMID: 28379459 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
At macronutrient levels, chloride has positive effects on plant growth, which are distinct from its function in photosynthesis..
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wege
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology & The University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Precinct, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology & The University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Precinct, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Sam W Henderson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology & The University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Precinct, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
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41
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Fan X, Naz M, Fan X, Xuan W, Miller AJ, Xu G. Plant nitrate transporters: from gene function to application. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2463-2475. [PMID: 28158856 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We summarize nitrate transporters and discuss their potential in breeding for improved nitrogen use efficiency and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Misbah Naz
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoru Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Metabolic Biology Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park , Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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42
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Li H, Hu B, Chu C. Nitrogen use efficiency in crops: lessons from Arabidopsis and rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2477-2488. [PMID: 28419301 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Application of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen (N), to crops has increased dramatically in the last half century and therefore developing crop varieties with improved N use efficiency (NUE) is urgent for sustainable agriculture. N utilization procedures generally can be divided into uptake, transport, and assimilation. Transporters for nitrate or ammonium acquisition and enzymes for assimilation are among the essential components determining NUE, and many transcription factors also play a pivotal role in regulating N use-associated genes, thereby contributing to NUE. Although some efforts in improving NUE have been made in various plants, the regulatory mechanisms underlying NUE are still elusive, and NUE improvement in crop breeding is very limited. In this review, the crucial components involved in N utilization and the candidates with the potential for NUE improvement in dicot Arabidopsis and monocot rice are summarized. In addition, strategies based on new techniques which can be used for dissecting regulatory mechanisms of NUE and also the possible ways in which NUE can be improved in crops are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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43
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Li B, Tester M, Gilliham M. Chloride on the Move. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:236-248. [PMID: 28081935 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chloride (Cl-) is an essential plant nutrient but under saline conditions it can accumulate to toxic levels in leaves; limiting this accumulation improves the salt tolerance of some crops. The rate-limiting step for this process - the transfer of Cl- from root symplast to xylem apoplast, which can antagonize delivery of the macronutrient nitrate (NO3-) to shoots - is regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and is multigenic. Until recently the molecular mechanisms underpinning this salt-tolerance trait were poorly defined. We discuss here how recent advances highlight the role of newly identified transport proteins, some that directly transfer Cl- into the xylem, and others that act on endomembranes in 'gatekeeper' cell types in the root stele to control root-to-shoot delivery of Cl-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark Tester
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Plant Transport and Signalling Group, Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
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44
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Assmann SM, Jegla T. Guard cell sensory systems: recent insights on stomatal responses to light, abscisic acid, and CO 2. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 33:157-167. [PMID: 27518594 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
By controlling the opening and closure of the stomatal pores through which gas exchange occurs, guard cells regulate two of the most important plant physiological processes: photosynthesis and transpiration. Accordingly, guard cells have evolved exquisite sensory systems. Here we summarize recent literature on guard cell sensing of light, drought (via the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)), and CO2. New advances in our understanding of how guard cells satisfy the energetic and osmotic requirements of stomatal opening and utilize phosphorylation to regulate the anion channels and aquaporins involved in ABA-stimulated stomatal closure are highlighted. Omics and modeling approaches are providing new information that will ultimately allow an integrated understanding of guard cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Assmann
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Timothy Jegla
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, 201 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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45
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Silent S-Type Anion Channel Subunit SLAH1 Gates SLAH3 Open for Chloride Root-to-Shoot Translocation. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2213-20. [PMID: 27397895 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants take up nutrients via the roots and load them into xylem vessels for translocation to the shoot. After uptake, anions have to be channeled toward the root xylem vessels. Thereby, xylem parenchyma and pericycle cells control the anion composition of the root-shoot xylem sap [1-6]. The fact that salt-tolerant genotypes possess lower xylem-sap Cl(-) contents compared to salt-sensitive genotypes [7-10] indicates that membrane transport proteins at the sites of xylem loading contribute to plant salinity tolerance via selective chloride exclusion. However, the molecular mechanism of xylem loading that lies behind the balance between NO3(-) and Cl(-) loading remains largely unknown. Here we identify two root anion channels in Arabidopsis, SLAH1 and SLAH3, that control the shoot NO3(-)/Cl(-) ratio. The AtSLAH1 gene is expressed in the root xylem-pole pericycle, where it co-localizes with AtSLAH3. Under high soil salinity, AtSLAH1 expression markedly declined and the chloride content of the xylem sap in AtSLAH1 loss-of-function mutants was half of the wild-type level only. SLAH3 anion channels are not active per se but require extracellular nitrate and phosphorylation by calcium-dependent kinases (CPKs) [11-13]. When co-expressed in Xenopus oocytes, however, the electrically silent SLAH1 subunit gates SLAH3 open even in the absence of nitrate- and calcium-dependent kinases. Apparently, SLAH1/SLAH3 heteromerization facilitates SLAH3-mediated chloride efflux from pericycle cells into the root xylem vessels. Our results indicate that under salt stress, plants adjust the distribution of NO3(-) and Cl(-) between root and shoot via differential expression and assembly of SLAH1/SLAH3 anion channel subunits.
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46
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Jaborsky M, Maierhofer T, Olbrich A, Escalante-Pérez M, Müller HM, Simon J, Krol E, Cuin TA, Fromm J, Ache P, Geiger D, Hedrich R. SLAH3-type anion channel expressed in poplar secretory epithelia operates in calcium kinase CPK-autonomous manner. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:922-33. [PMID: 26831448 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Extrafloral nectaries secrete a sweet sugar cocktail that lures predator insects for protection from foraging herbivores. Apart from sugars and amino acids, the nectar contains the anions chloride and nitrate. Recent studies with Populus have identified a type of nectary covered by apical bipolar epidermal cells, reminiscent of the secretory brush border epithelium in animals. Border epithelia operate transepithelial anion transport, which is required for membrane potential and/or osmotic adjustment of the secretory cells. In search of anion transporters expressed in extrafloral nectaries, we identified PttSLAH3 (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides SLAC1 Homologue3), an anion channel of the SLAC/SLAH family. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, PttSLAH3 displayed the features of a voltage-dependent anion channel, permeable to both nitrate and chloride. In contrast to the Arabidopsis SLAC/SLAH family members, the poplar isoform PttSLAH3 is independent of phosphorylation activation by protein kinases. To understand the basis for the autonomous activity of the poplar SLAH3, we generated and expressed chimera between kinase-independent PttSLAH3 and kinase-dependent Arabidopsis AtSLAH3. We identified the N-terminal tail and, to a lesser extent, the C-terminal tail as responsible for PttSLAH3 kinase-(in)dependent action. This feature of PttSLAH3 may provide the secretory cell with a channel probably controlling long-term nectar secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Jaborsky
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Tobias Maierhofer
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Andrea Olbrich
- Thünen Institute of Wood Research, Leuschnerstr. 91d, Hamburg, 21031, Germany
| | - María Escalante-Pérez
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Heike M Müller
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Judy Simon
- Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Elzbieta Krol
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Tracey Ann Cuin
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Jörg Fromm
- Center for Wood Sciences, University of Hamburg, Leuschnerstr. 91, Hamburg, 21031, Germany
| | - Peter Ache
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
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47
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Meng S, Peng JS, He YN, Zhang GB, Yi HY, Fu YL, Gong JM. Arabidopsis NRT1.5 Mediates the Suppression of Nitrate Starvation-Induced Leaf Senescence by Modulating Foliar Potassium Level. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:461-470. [PMID: 26732494 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen deficiency induces leaf senescence. However, whether or how nitrate might affect this process remains to be investigated. Here, we report an interesting finding that nitrate-instead of nitrogen-starvation induced early leaf senescence in nrt1.5 mutant, and present genetic and physiological data demonstrating that nitrate starvation-induced leaf senescence is suppressed by NRT1.5. NRT1.5 suppresses the senescence process dependent on its function from roots, but not the nitrate transport function. Further analyses using nrt1.5 single and nia1 nia2 nrt1.5-4 triple mutant showed a negative correlation between nitrate concentration and senescence rate in leaves. Moreover, when exposed to nitrate starvation, foliar potassium level decreased in nrt1.5, but adding potassium could essentially restore the early leaf senescence phenotype of nrt1.5 plants. Nitrate starvation also downregulated the expression of HAK5, RAP2.11, and ANN1 in nrt1.5 roots, and appeared to alter potassium level in xylem sap from nrt1.5. These data suggest that NRT1.5 likely perceives nitrate starvation-derived signals to prevent leaf senescence by facilitating foliar potassium accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuan Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Shi Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ni He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Bin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ying Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Lei Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Ming Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Carraretto L, Teardo E, Checchetto V, Finazzi G, Uozumi N, Szabo I. Ion Channels in Plant Bioenergetic Organelles, Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: From Molecular Identification to Function. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:371-395. [PMID: 26751960 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent technical advances in electrophysiological measurements, organelle-targeted fluorescence imaging, and organelle proteomics have pushed the research of ion transport a step forward in the case of the plant bioenergetic organelles, chloroplasts and mitochondria, leading to the molecular identification and functional characterization of several ion transport systems in recent years. Here we focus on channels that mediate relatively high-rate ion and water flux and summarize the current knowledge in this field, focusing on targeting mechanisms, proteomics, electrophysiology, and physiological function. In addition, since chloroplasts evolved from a cyanobacterial ancestor, we give an overview of the information available about cyanobacterial ion channels and discuss the evolutionary origin of chloroplast channels. The recent molecular identification of some of these ion channels allowed their physiological functions to be studied using genetically modified Arabidopsis plants and cyanobacteria. The view is emerging that alteration of chloroplast and mitochondrial ion homeostasis leads to organelle dysfunction, which in turn significantly affects the energy metabolism of the whole organism. Clear-cut identification of genes encoding for channels in these organelles, however, remains a major challenge in this rapidly developing field. Multiple strategies including bioinformatics, cell biology, electrophysiology, use of organelle-targeted ion-sensitive probes, genetics, and identification of signals eliciting specific ion fluxes across organelle membranes should provide a better understanding of the physiological role of organellar channels and their contribution to signaling pathways in plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Carraretto
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Enrico Teardo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Finazzi
- UMR 5168 Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale (LPCV) CNRS/ UJF / INRA / CEA, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant (iRTSV), CEA Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France.
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-07, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy.
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49
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Sun SJ, Qi GN, Gao QF, Wang HQ, Yao FY, Hussain J, Wang YF. Protein kinase OsSAPK8 functions as an essential activator of S-type anion channel OsSLAC1, which is nitrate-selective in rice. PLANTA 2016; 243:489-500. [PMID: 26481009 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OsSAPK8 is an essential activator of OsSLAC1 by phosphorylation, and OsSLAC1 is a nitrate-selective anion channel. S-type anion channel AtSLAC1 and protein kinase AtOST1 have been well-characterized as two core components of ABA signaling cascade in Arabidopsis guard cells, and AtOST1 functions as a main upstream activator of AtSLAC1 for drought stress- and ABA-induced stomata closure. However, the identity of the ortholog of AtOST1 in rice, the main activator of OsSLAC1, is still unknown. Here, we report that protein kinase OsSAPK8 interacts with and activates OsSLAC1 mainly by phosphorylating serine 129 (S129) of OsSLAC1, and this phosphorylating site corresponds to the specific phosphorylating site serine 120 (S120) of AtSLAC1 for AtOST1. Additionally, we found that OsSLAC1 is a nitrate-selective anion channel without obvious permeability to chloride, malate, and sulfate, and the expression of OsSLAC1 in Arabidopsis slac1-3 (atslac1-3) mutant successfully rescued the hypersensitive phenotype of this mutant to drought stress. Together, this research suggests that OsSAPK8 is a counterpart of AtOST1 for the activation of OsSLAC1, which is a nitrate-selective anion channel.
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50
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Li B, Qiu J, Jayakannan M, Xu B, Li Y, Mayo GM, Tester M, Gilliham M, Roy SJ. AtNPF2.5 Modulates Chloride (Cl -) Efflux from Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2013. [PMID: 28111585 PMCID: PMC5216686 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of high concentrations of chloride (Cl-) in leaves can adversely affect plant growth. When comparing different varieties of the same Cl- sensitive plant species those that exclude relatively more Cl- from their shoots tend to perform better under saline conditions; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining low shoot Cl- remain largely undefined. Recently, it was shown that the NRT1/PTR Family 2.4 protein (NPF2.4) loads Cl- into the root xylem, which affects the accumulation of Cl- in Arabidopsis shoots. Here we characterize NPF2.5, which is the closest homolog to NPF2.4 sharing 83.2% identity at the amino acid level. NPF2.5 is predominantly expressed in root cortical cells and its transcription is induced by salt. Functional characterisation of NPF2.5 via its heterologous expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that NPF2.5 is likely to encode a Cl- permeable transporter. Arabidopsis npf2.5 T-DNA knockout mutant plants exhibited a significantly lower Cl- efflux from roots, and a greater Cl- accumulation in shoots compared to salt-treated Col-0 wild-type plants. At the same time, [Formula: see text] content in the shoot remained unaffected. Accumulation of Cl- in the shoot increased following (1) amiRNA-induced knockdown of NPF2.5 transcript abundance in the root, and (2) constitutive over-expression of NPF2.5. We suggest that both these findings are consistent with a role for NPF2.5 in modulating Cl- transport. Based on these results, we propose that NPF2.5 functions as a pathway for Cl- efflux from the root, contributing to exclusion of Cl- from the shoot of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsAdelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiaen Qiu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maheswari Jayakannan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yuan Li
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsAdelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gwenda M. Mayo
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark Tester
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsAdelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyAdelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Matthew Gilliham
| | - Stuart J. Roy
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional GenomicsAdelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
- Stuart J. Roy
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