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Yao H, Li G, Gao Z, Guo F, Feng J, Xiao G, Shen H, Li H. Alternative splicing responses to salt stress in Glycyrrhiza uralensis revealed by global profiling of transcriptome RNA-seq datasets. Front Genet 2024; 15:1397502. [PMID: 39045328 PMCID: PMC11263197 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1397502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species stress due to salinity poses a significant threat to the growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. To adapt to salt stress, G. uralensis engages in alternative splicing (AS) to generate a variety of proteins that help it withstand the effects of salt stress. While several studies have investigated the impact of alternative splicing on plants stress responses, the mechanisms by which AS interacts with transcriptional regulation to modulate the salt stress response in G. uralensis remain poorly understood. In this study, we utilized high-throughput RNA sequencing data to perform a comprehensive analysis of AS events at various time points in G. uralensis under salt stress, with exon skipping (SE) being the predominant AS type. KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on the different splicing genes (DSG), and pathways associated with AS were significantly enriched, including RNA transport, mRNA surveillance, and spliceosome. This indicated splicing regulation of genes, resulting in AS events under salt stress conditions. Moreover, plant response to salt stress pathways were also enriched, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway - plant, flavonoid biosynthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation. We focused on four differentially significant genes in the MAPK pathway by AS and qRT-PCR analysis. The alternative splicing type of MPK4 and SnRK2 was skipped exon (SE). ETR2 and RbohD were retained intron (RI) and alternative 5'splice site (A5SS), respectively. The expression levels of isoform1 of these four genes displayed different but significant increases in different tissue sites and salt stress treatment times. These findings suggest that MPK4, SnRK2, ETR2, and RbohD in G. uralensis activate the expression of isoform1, leading to the production of more isoform1 protein and thereby enhancing resistance to salt stress. These findings suggest that salt-responsive AS directly and indirectly governs G. uralensis salt response. Further investigations into AS function and mechanism during abiotic stresses may offer novel references for bolstering plant stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Guozhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhuanzhuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jianghua Feng
- Business School of Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guanghui Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Effects of Azorhizobium caulinodans and Piriformospora indica Co-Inoculation on Growth and Fruit Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under Salt Stress. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8040302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salt stress is a worldwide environmental signal, reducing the growth and yield of crops. To improve crop tolerance to salt, several beneficial microbes are utilized. Here, nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azorhizobium caulinodans and root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica were used to inoculate tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under salt stress, and the effects of the co-inoculation were investigated. Results showed that A. caulinodans colonized in the intercellular space in stems and roots of tomato plants, while P. indica colonized in the root cortex. Two weeks following salt treatment, co-inoculated tomato plants grew substantially taller and had larger stem base diameters. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and reduced and oxidized ascorbate and glutathione (i.e., AsA, DHA, GSH, and GSSG, respectively) concentrations along with the ratios of AsA/(AsA + DHA) and GSH/(GSH + GSSG) increased in the leaves of co-inoculated plants under salt stress. The co-inoculation significantly increased soluble proteins and AsA in fruits; however, concentrations of soluble sugars and proanthocyanins did not show significant changes, compared with NaCl only treatment. Data suggest that A. caulinodans and P. indica co-inoculation boosted tomato growth and improved the quality of tomato fruits under salt stress. O-inoculation of A. caulinodans and P. indica might be employed to enhance tomato plant salt tolerance.
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Zeng L, Wang JZ, He X, Ke H, Lemos M, Gray WM, Dehesh K. A plastidial retrograde signal potentiates biosynthesis of systemic stress response activators. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1732-1749. [PMID: 34859454 PMCID: PMC8776617 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants employ an array of intricate and hierarchical signaling cascades to perceive and transduce informational cues to synchronize and tailor adaptive responses. Systemic stress response (SSR) is a recognized complex signaling and response network quintessential to plant's local and distal responses to environmental triggers; however, the identity of the initiating signals has remained fragmented. Here, we show that both biotic (aphids and viral pathogens) and abiotic (high light and wounding) stresses induce accumulation of the plastidial-retrograde-signaling metabolite methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP), leading to reduction of the phytohormone auxin and the subsequent decreased expression of the phosphatase PP2C.D1. This enables phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases 3/6 and the consequential induction of the downstream events ultimately, resulting in biosynthesis of the two SSR priming metabolites pipecolic acid and N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid. This work identifies plastids as a major initiation site, and the plastidial retrograde signal MEcPP as an initiator of a multicomponent signaling cascade potentiating the biosynthesis of SSR activators, in response to biotic and abiotic triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zeng
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jin-Zheng Wang
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Xiang He
- Current address: Laboratory of Allergy and Inflammation, Chengdu third people’s hospital branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Haiyan Ke
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Mark Lemos
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - William M. Gray
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Saradadevi GP, Das D, Mangrauthia SK, Mohapatra S, Chikkaputtaiah C, Roorkiwal M, Solanki M, Sundaram RM, Chirravuri NN, Sakhare AS, Kota S, Varshney RK, Mohannath G. Genetic, Epigenetic, Genomic and Microbial Approaches to Enhance Salt Tolerance of Plants: A Comprehensive Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121255. [PMID: 34943170 PMCID: PMC8698797 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Globally, soil salinity, which refers to salt-affected soils, is increasing due to various environmental factors and human activities. Soil salinity poses one of the most serious challenges in the field of agriculture as it significantly reduces the growth and yield of crop plants, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Over the last few decades, several studies have been carried out to understand plant biology in response to soil salinity stress with a major emphasis on genetic and other hereditary components. Based on the outcome of these studies, several approaches are being followed to enhance plants’ ability to tolerate salt stress while still maintaining reasonable levels of crop yields. In this manuscript, we comprehensively list and discuss various biological approaches being followed and, based on the recent advances in the field of molecular biology, we propose some new approaches to improve salinity tolerance of crop plants. The global scientific community can make use of this information for the betterment of crop plants. This review also highlights the importance of maintaining global soil health to prevent several crop plant losses. Abstract Globally, soil salinity has been on the rise owing to various factors that are both human and environmental. The abiotic stress caused by soil salinity has become one of the most damaging abiotic stresses faced by crop plants, resulting in significant yield losses. Salt stress induces physiological and morphological modifications in plants as a result of significant changes in gene expression patterns and signal transduction cascades. In this comprehensive review, with a major focus on recent advances in the field of plant molecular biology, we discuss several approaches to enhance salinity tolerance in plants comprising various classical and advanced genetic and genetic engineering approaches, genomics and genome editing technologies, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)-based approaches. Furthermore, based on recent advances in the field of epigenetics, we propose novel approaches to create and exploit heritable genome-wide epigenetic variation in crop plants to enhance salinity tolerance. Specifically, we describe the concepts and the underlying principles of epigenetic recombinant inbred lines (epiRILs) and other epigenetic variants and methods to generate them. The proposed epigenetic approaches also have the potential to create additional genetic variation by modulating meiotic crossover frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Prasad Saradadevi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India; (G.P.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Debajit Das
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785006, India; (D.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Satendra K. Mangrauthia
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.K.M.); (M.S.); (R.M.S.); (N.N.C.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Sridev Mohapatra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India; (G.P.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Channakeshavaiah Chikkaputtaiah
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785006, India; (D.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Manish Roorkiwal
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India;
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Manish Solanki
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.K.M.); (M.S.); (R.M.S.); (N.N.C.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Raman Meenakshi Sundaram
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.K.M.); (M.S.); (R.M.S.); (N.N.C.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Neeraja N. Chirravuri
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.K.M.); (M.S.); (R.M.S.); (N.N.C.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Akshay S. Sakhare
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.K.M.); (M.S.); (R.M.S.); (N.N.C.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Suneetha Kota
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India; (S.K.M.); (M.S.); (R.M.S.); (N.N.C.); (A.S.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.K.V.); (G.M.); Tel.: +91-40-245-91268 (S.K.); +91-84-556-83305 (R.K.V.); +91-40-66303697 (G.M.)
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India;
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.K.V.); (G.M.); Tel.: +91-40-245-91268 (S.K.); +91-84-556-83305 (R.K.V.); +91-40-66303697 (G.M.)
| | - Gireesha Mohannath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India; (G.P.S.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.K.V.); (G.M.); Tel.: +91-40-245-91268 (S.K.); +91-84-556-83305 (R.K.V.); +91-40-66303697 (G.M.)
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Raina M, Kumar A, Yadav N, Kumari S, Yusuf MA, Mustafiz A, Kumar D. StCaM2, a calcium binding protein, alleviates negative effects of salinity and drought stress in tobacco. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:85-108. [PMID: 33629224 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Overexpression of StCaM2 in tobacco promotes plant growth and confers increased salinity and drought tolerance by enhancing the photosynthetic efficiency, ROS scavenging, and recovery from membrane injury. Calmodulins (CaMs) are important Ca2+ sensors that interact with effector proteins and drive a network of signal transduction pathways involved in regulating the growth and developmental pattern of plants under stress. Herein, using in silico analysis, we identified 17 CaM isoforms (StCaM) in potato. Expression profiling revealed different temporal and spatial expression patterns of these genes, which were modulated under abiotic stress. Among the identified StCaM genes, StCaM2 was found to have the largest number of abiotic stress responsive promoter elements. In addition, StCaM2 was upregulated in response to some of the selected abiotic stress in potato tissues. Overexpression of StCaM2 in transgenic tobacco plants enhanced their tolerance to salinity and drought stress. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species was remarkably decreased in transgenic lines compared to that in wild type plants. Chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis suggested better performance of photosystem II in transgenic plants under stress compared to that in wild type plants. The increase in salinity stress tolerance in StCaM2-overexpressing plants was also associated with a favorable K+/Na+ ratio. The enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses correlated with the increase in the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes in transgenic tobacco plants. Overall, our results suggest that StCaM2 can be a novel candidate for conferring salt and drought tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Raina
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), Dist- Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Nikita Yadav
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Sumita Kumari
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohd Aslam Yusuf
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Ananda Mustafiz
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi, 110021, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), Dist- Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India.
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Understanding the Integrated Pathways and Mechanisms of Transporters, Protein Kinases, and Transcription Factors in Plants under Salt Stress. Int J Genomics 2021; 2021:5578727. [PMID: 33954166 PMCID: PMC8057909 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5578727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress is the major threat confronted by modern-day agriculture. Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that influence geographical distribution, survival, and productivity of various crops across the globe. Plants perceive salt stress cues and communicate specific signals, which lead to the initiation of defence response against it. Stress signalling involves the transporters, which are critical for water transport and ion homeostasis. Various cytoplasmic components like calcium and kinases are critical for any type of signalling within the cell which elicits molecular responses. Stress signalling instils regulatory proteins and transcription factors (TFs), which induce stress-responsive genes. In this review, we discuss the role of ion transporters, protein kinases, and TFs in plants to overcome the salt stress. Understanding stress responses by components collectively will enhance our ability in understanding the underlying mechanism, which could be utilized for crop improvement strategies for achieving food security.
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Hrbáčková M, Luptovčiak I, Hlaváčková K, Dvořák P, Tichá M, Šamajová O, Novák D, Bednarz H, Niehaus K, Ovečka M, Šamaj J. Overexpression of alfalfa SIMK promotes root hair growth, nodule clustering and shoot biomass production. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:767-784. [PMID: 33112469 PMCID: PMC8051612 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and legumes have developed complex mutualistic mechanism that allows to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. Signalling by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) seems to be involved in this symbiotic interaction. Previously, we reported that stress-induced MAPK (SIMK) shows predominantly nuclear localization in alfalfa root epidermal cells. Nevertheless, SIMK is activated and relocalized to the tips of growing root hairs during their development. SIMK kinase (SIMKK) is a well-known upstream activator of SIMK. Here, we characterized production parameters of transgenic alfalfa plants with genetically manipulated SIMK after infection with Sinorhizobium meliloti. SIMKK RNAi lines, causing strong downregulation of both SIMKK and SIMK, showed reduced root hair growth and lower capacity to form infection threads and nodules. In contrast, constitutive overexpression of GFP-tagged SIMK promoted root hair growth as well as infection thread and nodule clustering. Moreover, SIMKK and SIMK downregulation led to decrease, while overexpression of GFP-tagged SIMK led to increase of biomass in above-ground part of plants. These data suggest that genetic manipulations causing downregulation or overexpression of SIMK affect root hair, nodule and shoot formation patterns in alfalfa, and point to the new biotechnological potential of this MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Hrbáčková
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Ivan Luptovčiak
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hlaváčková
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Petr Dvořák
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Michaela Tichá
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Dominik Novák
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Hanna Bednarz
- Faculty of BiologyCenter for Biotechnology – CeBiTecUniversität BielefeldBielefeldGermany
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Faculty of BiologyCenter for Biotechnology – CeBiTecUniversität BielefeldBielefeldGermany
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Cell BiologyCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
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Liu X, Singh SK, Patra B, Liu Y, Wang B, Wang J, Pattanaik S, Yuan L. Protein phosphatase NtPP2C2b and MAP kinase NtMPK4 act in concert to modulate nicotine biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1661-1676. [PMID: 33258946 PMCID: PMC7921305 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases (PPs) and protein kinases (PKs) regulate numerous developmental, defense, and phytohormone signaling processes in plants. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism governing biosynthesis of specialized metabolites, such as alkaloids, by the combined effects of PPs and PKs, is insufficiently understood. Here, we report the characterization of a group B protein phosphatase type 2C, NtPP2C2b, that likely acts upstream of the NICOTINE2 locus APETALA 2/Ethylene Response Factors (AP2/ERFs), to regulate nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco. Similar to the nicotine pathway genes, NtPP2C2b is highly expressed in roots and induced by jasmonic acid (JA). Overexpression of NtPP2C2b in transgenic hairy roots or stable transgenic tobacco plants repressed nicotine pathway gene expression and reduced nicotine accumulation. Additionally, transient overexpression of NtPP2C2b, together with the NtERF221, repressed transactivation of the quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase promoter in tobacco cells. We further demonstrate that the JA-responsive tobacco mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 4 interacts with NtPP2C2b in yeast and plant cells. Conditional overexpression of NtMPK4 in tobacco hairy roots up-regulated nicotine pathway gene expression and increased nicotine accumulation. Our findings suggest that a previously uncharacterized PP-PK module acts to modulate alkaloid biosynthesis, highlighting the importance of post-translational control in the biosynthesis of specialized plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, University Drive, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, University Drive, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, University Drive, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, University Drive, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Tobacco Breeding Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, University Drive, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, University Drive, Lexington, KY USA
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Nie H, Wang Y, Wei C, Grover CE, Su Y, Wendel JF, Hua J. Embryogenic Calli Induction and Salt Stress Response Revealed by RNA-Seq in Diploid Wild Species Gossypium sturtianum and Gossypium raimondii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:715041. [PMID: 34512696 PMCID: PMC8424188 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.715041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Wild cotton species can contribute to a valuable gene pool for genetic improvement, such as genes related to salt tolerance. However, reproductive isolation of different species poses an obstacle to produce hybrids through conventional breeding. Protoplast fusion technology for somatic cell hybridization provides an opportunity for genetic manipulation and targeting of agronomic traits. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of callus under salt stress is conducive to study salt tolerance genes. In this study, calli were induced to provide materials for extracting protoplasts and also for screening salt tolerance genes. Calli were successfully induced from leaves of Gossypium sturtianum (C1 genome) and hypocotyls of G. raimondii (D5 genome), and embryogenic calli of G. sturtianum and G. raimondii were induced on a differentiation medium with different concentrations of 2, 4-D, KT, and IBA, respectively. In addition, embryogenic calli were also induced successfully from G. raimondii through suspension cultivation. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on the calli of G. raimondii and G. sturtianum, which were treated with 200 mM NaCl at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, and a total of 12,524 genes were detected with different expression patterns under salt stress. Functional analysis showed that 3,482 genes, which were differentially expressed in calli of G. raimondii and G. sturtianum, were associated with biological processes of nucleic acid binding, plant hormone (such as ABA) biosynthesis, and signal transduction. We demonstrated that DEGs or TFs which related to ABA metabolism were involved in the response to salt stress, including xanthoxin dehydrogenase genes (ABA2), sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinases (SnRK2), NAM, ATAT1/2, and CUC2 transcription factors (NAC), and WRKY class of zinc-finger proteins (WRKY). This research has successfully induced calli from two diploid cotton species and revealed new genes responding to salt stress in callus tissue, which will lay the foundation for protoplast fusion for further understanding of salt stress responses in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hushuai Nie
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding/Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding/Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Wei
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding/Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Corrinne E. Grover
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ying Su
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding/Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jonathan F. Wendel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jinping Hua
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding/Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinping Hua
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10
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Hrbáčková M, Dvořák P, Takáč T, Tichá M, Luptovčiak I, Šamajová O, Ovečka M, Šamaj J. Biotechnological Perspectives of Omics and Genetic Engineering Methods in Alfalfa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:592. [PMID: 32508859 PMCID: PMC7253590 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, researchers are working to develop improved major crops with better adaptability and tolerance to environmental stresses. Forage legumes have been widely spread in the world due to their great ecological and economic values. Abiotic and biotic stresses are main factors limiting legume production, however, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) shows relatively high level of tolerance to drought and salt stress. Efforts focused on alfalfa improvements have led to the release of cultivars with new traits of agronomic importance such as high yield, better stress tolerance or forage quality. Alfalfa has very high nutritional value due to its efficient symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, while deep root system can help to prevent soil water loss in dry lands. The use of modern biotechnology tools is challenging in alfalfa since full genome, unlike to its close relative barrel medic (Medicago truncatula Gaertn.), was not released yet. Identification, isolation, and improvement of genes involved in abiotic or biotic stress response significantly contributed to the progress of our understanding how crop plants cope with these environmental challenges. In this review, we provide an overview of the progress that has been made in high-throughput sequencing, characterization of genes for abiotic or biotic stress tolerance, gene editing, as well as proteomic and metabolomics techniques bearing biotechnological potential for alfalfa improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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11
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Genome-wide Identification of Jatropha curcas MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK Gene Families and Their Expression Profile Under Cold Stress. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16163. [PMID: 30385801 PMCID: PMC6212503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are fundamental signal transduction modules in all eukaryotic organisms, controlling cell division, growth, development, and hormone signaling. Additionally, they can be activated in response to a variety of biotic and abiotic stressors. Although the evolution and expression patterns of MAPK cascade families have been systematically investigated in several model plants (e.g., Arabidopsis, rice, and poplar), we still know very little about MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK families in Jatropha curcas, an economically important species. Therefore, this study performed genome-wide identification and transcriptional expression analysis of these three families in J. curcas. We identified 12 J. curcas MAPK (JcMAPKs), 5 JcMAPKKs, and 65 JcMAPKKKs. Phylogenetic analysis classified all JcMAPKs and JcMAPKKs into four subgroups, whereas JcMAPKKKs were grouped into three subfamilies (MEKK, RAF, and ZIK). Similarities in exon/intron structures supported the evolutionary relationships within subgroups and subfamilies. Conserved motif analysis indicated that all J. curcas MAPK cascades possessed typical, 200–300 amino-acid protein kinase domains. MAPK cascade genes were presented throughout all 11 chromosomes. Gene duplication analysis suggested that after JcMAPK and JcMAPKKK diverged, 3 and 19 tandem duplicates occurred under strong purifying selection. Furthermore, RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that some MAPK cascade genes are predominantly expressed in specific tissues. Moreover, their expression levels significantly increased under cold treatment. Our results should provide insight into the roles of MAPK cascade genes in regulating J. curcas stress responses and in hormonal signal transduction. Furthermore, these data have important applications in the genetic improvement of J. curcas.
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12
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Yang Y, Guo Y. Unraveling salt stress signaling in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:796-804. [PMID: 29905393 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity. A better understanding of the mechanisms mediating salt resistance will help researchers design ways to improve crop performance under adverse environmental conditions. Salt stress can lead to ionic stress, osmotic stress and secondary stresses, particularly oxidative stress, in plants. Therefore, to adapt to salt stress, plants rely on signals and pathways that re-establish cellular ionic, osmotic, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Over the past two decades, genetic and biochemical analyses have revealed several core stress signaling pathways that participate in salt resistance. The Salt Overly Sensitive signaling pathway plays a key role in maintaining ionic homeostasis, via extruding sodium ions into the apoplast. Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades mediate ionic, osmotic, and ROS homeostasis. SnRK2 (sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase 2) proteins are involved in maintaining osmotic homeostasis. In this review, we discuss recent progress in identifying the components and pathways involved in the plant's response to salt stress and their regulatory mechanisms. We also review progress in identifying sensors involved in salt-induced stress signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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13
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Thulasi Devendrakumar K, Li X, Zhang Y. MAP kinase signalling: interplays between plant PAMP- and effector-triggered immunity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2981-2989. [PMID: 29789867 PMCID: PMC11105241 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2839-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In plants, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in regulating many biological processes including immunity. They relay signals from membrane-residing immune receptors to downstream components for defense activation. Arabidopsis MPK3/6 and MPK4 are activated in two parallel MAPK cascades during PAMP-triggered immunity. MPK3/6 have been implicated in the activation of various immune responses and their inactivation leads to compromised defense against pathogens. On the other hand, the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade plays critical roles in basal resistance. Disruption of this MAPK cascade results in constitutive defense responses mediated by the NB-LRR protein SUMM2. Interestingly, SUMM2 guards the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade activity indirectly through monitoring the phosphorylation status of CRCK3, which is a substrate of MPK4. From the pathogens' side, a number of effectors are shown to target various components of MAPK cascades in plants. Inactivation of MPK4 by the Pseudomonas effector HopAI1 triggers SUMM2-mediated immunity. Together, these findings suggest intricate interplays between PAMP-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity via MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Thulasi Devendrakumar
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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14
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Yan H, Zhao Y, Shi H, Li J, Wang Y, Tang D. BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE1 Phosphorylates MAPKKK5 to Regulate Immunity in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:2991-3002. [PMID: 29440595 PMCID: PMC5884618 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) immune receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2) rapidly forms a complex to activate pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) upon perception of the bacterial protein flagellin. The receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALINGKINASE1 (BSK1) interacts with FLS2 and is critical for the activation of PTI. However, it is unknown how BSK1 transduces signals to activate downstream immune responses. We identified MEK Kinase5 (MAPKKK5) as a potential substrate of BSK1 by whole-genome phosphorylation analysis. In addition, we demonstrated that BSK1 interacts with and phosphorylates MAPKKK5. In the bsk1-1 mutant, the Ser-289 residue of MAPKKK5 was not phosphorylated as it was in the wild type. Similar to the bsk1 mutant, the mapkkk5 mutant displayed enhanced susceptibility to virulent and avirulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000, and to the fungal powdery mildew pathogen Golovinomyces cichoracearum Phosphorylation of the Ser-289 residue is not involved in MAPKKK5-triggered cell death but is critical for MAPKKK5-mediated resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens. Furthermore, MAPKKK5 interacts with multiple MAPK kinases, including MKK1, MKK2, MKK4, MKK5, and MKK6. Overall, these results indicate that BSK1 regulates plant immunity by phosphorylating MAPKKK5 and suggest a direct regulatory mode of signaling from the immune complex to the MAPK cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaofei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | | | - Yingchun Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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15
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Daneshkhah R, Grundler FMW, Wieczorek K. The Role of MPK6 as Mediator of Ethylene/Jasmonic Acid Signaling in Serendipita indica-Colonized Arabidopsis Roots. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER 2018; 36:284-294. [PMID: 29875545 PMCID: PMC5966479 DOI: 10.1007/s11105-018-1077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Serendipita indica is an axenically cultivable fungus, which colonizes a broad range of plant species including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Root colonization by this endophyte leads to enhanced plant fitness and performance and promotes resistance against different biotic and abiotic stresses. The involvement of MPK6 in this mutualistic interaction had been previously shown with an mpk6 A. thaliana mutant, which failed to respond to S. indica colonization. Here, we demonstrate that mpk6 roots are significantly less colonized by S. indica compared to wild-type roots and the foliar application of plant hormones, ethylene, or jasmonic acid, restores the colonization rate at least to the wild-type level. Further, hormone-treated mpk6 plants show typical S. indica-induced growth promotion effects. Moreover, expression levels of several genes related to plant defense and hormone signaling are significantly changed at different colonization phases. Our results demonstrate that the successful root colonization by S. indica depends on efficient suppression of plant immune responses. In A. thaliana, this process relies on intact hormone signaling in which MPK6 seems to play a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Daneshkhah
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln on the Danube, Austria
| | - F. M. W. Grundler
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Molecular Phytomedicine, University Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Wieczorek
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln on the Danube, Austria
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16
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Dory M, Hatzimasoura E, Kállai BM, Nagy SK, Jäger K, Darula Z, Nádai TV, Mészáros T, López‐Juez E, Barnabás B, Palme K, Bögre L, Ditengou FA, Dóczi R. Coevolving MAPK and PID phosphosites indicate an ancient environmental control of PIN auxin transporters in land plants. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:89-102. [PMID: 29197077 PMCID: PMC5814726 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth flexibly adapts to environmental conditions, implying cross-talk between environmental signalling and developmental regulation. Here, we show that the PIN auxin efflux carrier family possesses three highly conserved putative mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) sites adjacent to the phosphorylation sites of the well-characterised AGC kinase PINOID, which regulates the polar localisation of PINs and directional auxin transport, thereby underpinning organ growth. The conserved sites of PIN1 are phosphorylated in vitro by two environmentally activated MAPKs, MPK4 and MPK6. In contrast to AGC kinases, MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of PIN1 at adjacent sites leads to a partial loss of the plasma membrane localisation of PIN1. MAPK-mediated modulation of PIN trafficking may participate in environmental adjustment of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dory
- Institute of AgricultureCentre for Agricultural ResearchHungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvásárHungary
| | - Elizabeth Hatzimasoura
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Systems and Synthetic BiologyRoyal Holloway, University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Brigitta M. Kállai
- Department of Medical ChemistryMolecular Biology and PathobiochemistrySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Szilvia K. Nagy
- Department of Medical ChemistryMolecular Biology and PathobiochemistrySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Katalin Jäger
- Institute of AgricultureCentre for Agricultural ResearchHungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvásárHungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Darula
- Laboratory of Proteomics ResearchBiological Research CentreHungarian Academy of SciencesSzegedHungary
| | - Tímea V. Nádai
- Institute of AgricultureCentre for Agricultural ResearchHungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvásárHungary
| | - Tamás Mészáros
- Department of Medical ChemistryMolecular Biology and PathobiochemistrySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Enrique López‐Juez
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Systems and Synthetic BiologyRoyal Holloway, University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Beáta Barnabás
- Institute of AgricultureCentre for Agricultural ResearchHungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvásárHungary
| | - Klaus Palme
- Institute of Biology IIUniversity of FreiburgGermany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgGermany
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA)University of FreiburgGermany
| | - László Bögre
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Systems and Synthetic BiologyRoyal Holloway, University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Franck A. Ditengou
- Institute of Biology IIUniversity of FreiburgGermany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgGermany
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA)University of FreiburgGermany
| | - Róbert Dóczi
- Institute of AgricultureCentre for Agricultural ResearchHungarian Academy of SciencesMartonvásárHungary
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17
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Wu Q, Bai X, Zhao W, Xiang D, Wan Y, Yan J, Zou L, Zhao G. De Novo Assembly and Analysis of Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Garetn.) Transcriptome Discloses Key Regulators Involved in Salt-Stress Response. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100255. [PMID: 28972562 PMCID: PMC5664105 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization has been a tremendous obstacle for agriculture production. The regulatory networks underlying salinity adaption in model plants have been extensively explored. However, limited understanding of the salt response mechanisms has hindered the planting and production in Fagopyrum tataricum, an economic and health-beneficial plant mainly distributing in southwest China. In this study, we performed physiological analysis and found that salt stress of 200 mM NaCl solution significantly affected the relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in tartary buckwheat seedlings. Further, we conducted transcriptome comparison between control and salt treatment to identify potential regulatory components involved in F. tataricum salt responses. A total of 53.15 million clean reads from control and salt-treated libraries were produced via an Illumina sequencing approach. Then we de novo assembled these reads into a transcriptome dataset containing 57,921 unigenes with N50 length of 1400 bp and total length of 44.5 Mb. A total of 36,688 unigenes could find matches in public databases. GO, KEGG and KOG classification suggested the enrichment of these unigenes in 56 sub-categories, 25 KOG, and 273 pathways, respectively. Comparison of the transcriptome expression patterns between control and salt treatment unveiled 455 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Further, we found the genes encoding for protein kinases, phosphatases, heat shock proteins (HSPs), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), abiotic-related transcription factors and circadian clock might be relevant to the salinity adaption of this species. Thus, this study offers an insight into salt tolerance mechanisms, and will serve as useful genetic information for tolerant elite breeding programs in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610106, China.
- National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, Chengdu 610106, China.
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610106, China.
- National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, Chengdu 610106, China.
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Dabing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610106, China.
- National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, Chengdu 610106, China.
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Yan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610106, China.
- National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, Chengdu 610106, China.
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610106, China.
- National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, Chengdu 610106, China.
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610106, China.
- National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, Chengdu 610106, China.
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610106, China.
- National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, Chengdu 610106, China.
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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18
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Zhou H, Ren S, Han Y, Zhang Q, Qin L, Xing Y. Identification and Analysis of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Cascades in Fragaria vesca. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081766. [PMID: 28805715 PMCID: PMC5578155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signaling modules in eukaryotes, including yeasts, plants and animals. MAPK cascades are responsible for protein phosphorylation during signal transduction events, and typically consist of three protein kinases: MAPK, MAPK kinase, and MAPK kinase kinase. In this current study, we identified a total of 12 FvMAPK, 7 FvMAPKK, 73 FvMAPKKK, and one FvMAPKKKK genes in the recently published Fragaria vesca genome sequence. This work reported the classification, annotation and phylogenetic evaluation of these genes and an assessment of conserved motifs and the expression profiling of members of the gene family were also analyzed here. The expression profiles of the MAPK and MAPKK genes in different organs and fruit developmental stages were further investigated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Finally, the MAPK and MAPKK expression patterns in response to hormone and abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and high and low temperature) were investigated in fruit and leaves of F. vesca. The results provide a platform for further characterization of the physiological and biochemical functions of MAPK cascades in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heying Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Suyue Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yuanfang Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Ling Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yu Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
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19
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Chen T, Zhou B, Duan L, Zhu H, Zhang Z. MtMAPKK4 is an essential gene for growth and reproduction of Medicago truncatula. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 159:492-503. [PMID: 27935060 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are universal signaling modules in eukaryotes, including yeasts, animals and plants. They are involved in responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses, hormones, cell division and developmental processes. A MAPK cascade is composed of three functionally tiered protein kinases, namely MAPK, MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) and MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs). These kinases have been intensively studied for their roles in developmental and physiological processes in various organisms. In this study, a Medicago truncatula MtMAPKK4 mutant with the tobacco retrotransposon Tnt1 insertion was identified using reverse genetics methods. No homozygous progeny could be produced by self-pollination of mapkk4/+ heterozygotes for 5 generations. Heterozygous mapkk4/+ mutant plants exhibited growth retardation, chlorosis symptoms and significantly reduced numbers of infection threads and nodules. The interaction between MtMAPKK4 and MtMAPK3/6 occurred both in yeast and in planta. Green fluorescent protein-tagged MtMAPKK4, MtMAPK3 and MtMAPK6 were all localized to membranes, cytoplasm and nuclei. Expression of MtMAPKK4, MtMAPK3 and MtMAPK6 was detected in various tissues of M. truncatula plants at the nodule maturation stage. Transcript levels of these genes were decreased in roots at the early symbiotic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P R China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P R China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P R China
| | - Liujian Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P R China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P R China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P R China
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20
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Functional Involvement of a Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Module, OsMKK3-OsMPK7-OsWRK30 in Mediating Resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae in Rice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37974. [PMID: 27897241 PMCID: PMC5126639 DOI: 10.1038/srep37974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are highly conserved signaling modules in eukaryotes, transmitting signals from upstream receptor to downstream target by phosphorelay mechanism. Here we report involvement of a poorly characterized group C MAPK of rice namely, OsMPK7 along with its upstream MAPK kinase, OsMKK3 and downstream target, OsWRKY30 during Xanthomonas oryzae infection, a causal agent of leaf blight disease in rice. X. oryzae infection resulted in induction of OsMPK7 and OsMKK3. OsMKK3 was found to physically interact and phosphorylate OsMPK7. Overexpression of OsMPK7 and OsMKK3, individually and in combinations resulted in inhibition of disease symptoms caused by X. oryzae, however silencing of OsMPK7 resulted in disease susceptibility. Furthermore, OsWRKY30 was identified as downstream target of OsMPK7 through protein-protein interaction techniques and was found to be a positive regulator of defence response against X. oryzae pathogen. The overexpression of OsMKK3-OsMPK7 upregulated genes involved in pathogenesis, cell wall structure maintenance and cell metabolism indicating possible mechanism of disease resistance. These leaves also showed restricted movement of the pathogen from the point of infection to uninfected area. Taken together, this work suggests a positive involvement of OsMKK3-OsMPK7-OsWRKY30 module in imparting disease resistance against X. oryzae infection in rice.
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Baud S, Kelemen Z, Thévenin J, Boulard C, Blanchet S, To A, Payre M, Berger N, Effroy-Cuzzi D, Franco-Zorrilla JM, Godoy M, Solano R, Thevenon E, Parcy F, Lepiniec L, Dubreucq B. Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning the Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression by Master Transcriptional Regulators in Arabidopsis Seed. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1099-112. [PMID: 27208266 PMCID: PMC4902591 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), transcriptional control of seed maturation involves three related regulators with a B3 domain, namely LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2), ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), and FUSCA3 (ABI3/FUS3/LEC2 [AFLs]). Although genetic analyses have demonstrated partially overlapping functions of these regulators, the underlying molecular mechanisms remained elusive. The results presented here confirmed that the three proteins bind RY DNA elements (with a 5'-CATG-3' core sequence) but with different specificities for flanking nucleotides. In planta as in the moss Physcomitrella patens protoplasts, the presence of RY-like (RYL) elements is necessary but not sufficient for the regulation of the OLEOSIN1 (OLE1) promoter by the B3 AFLs. G box-like domains, located in the vicinity of the RYL elements, also are required for proper activation of the promoter, suggesting that several proteins are involved. Consistent with this idea, LEC2 and ABI3 showed synergistic effects on the activation of the OLE1 promoter. What is more, LEC1 (a homolog of the NF-YB subunit of the CCAAT-binding complex) further enhanced the activation of this target promoter in the presence of LEC2 and ABI3. Finally, recombinant LEC1 and LEC2 proteins produced in Arabidopsis protoplasts could form a ternary complex with NF-YC2 in vitro, providing a molecular explanation for their functional interactions. Taken together, these results allow us to propose a molecular model for the transcriptional regulation of seed genes by the L-AFL proteins, based on the formation of regulatory multiprotein complexes between NF-YBs, which carry a specific aspartate-55 residue, and B3 transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Johanne Thévenin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Céline Boulard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandrine Blanchet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra To
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manon Payre
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathalie Berger
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Delphine Effroy-Cuzzi
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Franco-Zorrilla
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Godoy
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Solano
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Thevenon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - François Parcy
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Loïc Lepiniec
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bertrand Dubreucq
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Sidonskaya E, Schweighofer A, Shubchynskyy V, Kammerhofer N, Hofmann J, Wieczorek K, Meskiene I. Plant resistance against the parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii is mediated by MPK3 and MPK6 kinases, which are controlled by the MAPK phosphatase AP2C1 in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:107-18. [PMID: 26438412 PMCID: PMC4682428 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes infect plants and form highly sophisticated feeding sites in roots. It is not known which plant cell signalling mechanisms trigger plant defence during the early stages of nematode parasitism. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are central components of protein phosphorylation cascades transducing extracellular signals to plant defence responses. MAPK phosphatases control kinase activities and the signalling outcome. The involvement and the role of MPK3 and MPK6, as well as the MAPK phosphatase AP2C1, is demonstrated during parasitism of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii in Arabidopsis. Our data reveal notable activation patterns of plant MAPKs and the induction of AP2C1 suggesting the attenuation of defence signalling in plant cells during early nematode infection. It is demonstrated that the ap2c1 mutant that is lacking AP2C1 is more attractive but less susceptible to nematodes compared with the AP2C1-overexpressing line. This implies that the function of AP2C1 is a negative regulator of nematode-induced defence. By contrast, the enhanced susceptibility of mpk3 and mpk6 plants indicates a positive role of stress-activated MAPKs in plant immunity against nematodes. Evidence is provided that phosphatase AP2C1, as well as AP2C1-targeted MPK3 and MPK6, are important regulators of plant-nematode interaction, where the co-ordinated action of these signalling components ensures the timely activation of plant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sidonskaya
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln on the Danube, Austria
| | - Alois Schweighofer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories of the University and Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, Graiciuno 8, LT-02242 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Volodymyr Shubchynskyy
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories of the University and Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Kammerhofer
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln on the Danube, Austria
| | - Julia Hofmann
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln on the Danube, Austria
| | - Krzysztof Wieczorek
- Division of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln on the Danube, Austria
| | - Irute Meskiene
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories of the University and Medical University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria Institute of Biotechnology, University of Vilnius, Graiciuno 8, LT-02242 Vilnius, Lithuania Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Liu Z, Li Y, Cao H, Ren D. Comparative phospho-proteomics analysis of salt-responsive phosphoproteins regulated by the MKK9-MPK6 cascade in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 241:138-50. [PMID: 26706066 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in the salt stress response in plants. However, the identities of specific proteins operating downstream of MAPKs in the salt stress response remain unclear. Our studies showed that mkk9 and mpk6 null mutant seedlings are hyposensitive to salt stress. Moreover, we showed that MPK6 was activated by salt stress, indicating that the MKK9-MPK6 cascade mediated the salt stress response in Arabidopsis. To identify phosphoproteins downstream of the MKK9-MPK6 cascade in the salt stress response pathway, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) with Pro-Q phosphoprotein staining and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to identify phosphoproteins induced by salt treatment in mkk9, mpk6, and wild-type seedlings. Phosphorylation of 4 proteins, including Rubisco activase (RCA), plastid ribosomal protein S 1 (PRPS1), plastid division protein (FtsZ2-2), and tortifolia2 (TOR2), was found to be regulated by activation of MKK9-MPK6 cascade. Further Phospho-proteomics analysis of MKK9(DD) mutant seedlings revealed that RCA phosphorylation was up-regulated as a result of MKK9 activation. The finding that the MKK9-MPK6 cascade functions in the salt stress response by regulating phosphorylation of RCA, PRPS1, FtsZ2-2, and TOR2, provides a novel insight into the MAPK-related mechanisms underlying the salt stress response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hanwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongtao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Shabala S, Wu H, Bose J. Salt stress sensing and early signalling events in plant roots: Current knowledge and hypothesis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 241:109-19. [PMID: 26706063 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major environmental constraint to crop production. While the molecular identity and functional expression of Na(+) transport systems mediating Na(+) exclusion from the cytosol has been studied in detail, far less is known about the mechanisms by which plants sense high Na(+) levels in the soil and the rapid signalling events that optimise plant performance under saline conditions. This review aims to fill this gap. We first discuss the nature of putative salt stress sensors, candidates which include Na(+) transport systems, mechanosensory proteins, proteins with regulatory Na(+) binding sites, sensing mediated by cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, purine receptors, annexin and voltage gating. We suggest that several transport proteins may be clustered together to form a microdomain in a lipid raft, allowing rapid changes in the activity of an individual protein to be translated into stress-induced Ca(2+) and H2O2 signatures. The pathways of stress signalling to downstream targets are discussed, and the kinetics and specificity of salt stress signalling between glycophytes and halophytes is compared. We argue that these sensing mechanisms operate in parallel, providing plants with a robust system for decoding information about the specific nature and severity of the imposed salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Honghong Wu
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Jayakumar Bose
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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Chen X, Wang J, Zhu M, Jia H, Liu D, Hao L, Guo X. A cotton Raf-like MAP3K gene, GhMAP3K40, mediates reduced tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress in Nicotiana benthamiana by negatively regulating growth and development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 240:10-24. [PMID: 26475184 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades mediate various responses in plants. As the top component, MAP3Ks deserve more attention; however, little is known about the role of MAP3Ks, especially in cotton, a worldwide economic crop. In this study, a gene encoding a putative Raf-like MAP3K, GhMAP3K40, was isolated. GhMAP3K40 expression was induced by stress and multiple signal molecules. The plants overexpressing GhMAP3K40 had an enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress at the germination stage. However, at the seedling stage, the transgenic plants suffered more severe damage after drought, exposure to pathogens and oxidative stress. The defence-related genes and the antioxidant system were activated in transgenic palnts, suggesting that GhMAP3K40 positively regulate the defence response. The transgenic plants were less able to prevent pathogenic invasion, which was due to defects in the cell structure of the leaves. The root system of the control plants were stronger compared with the transgenic plants. These results indicated a negative role of GhMAP3K40 in growth and development and GhMAP3K40 possibly caused the defects by down-regulating the lignin biosynthesis. Overall, these results suggest that GhMAP3K40 may positively regulate defence response but cause reduced tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress by negatively regulating growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China.
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Xing Y, Chen WH, Jia W, Zhang J. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MKK5)-mediated signalling cascade regulates expression of iron superoxide dismutase gene in Arabidopsis under salinity stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5971-81. [PMID: 26136265 PMCID: PMC4566985 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are involved in plant adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses but the upstream signalling process that modulates their expression is not clear. Expression of two iron SODs, FSD2 and FSD3, was significantly increased in Arabidopsis in response to NaCl treatment but blocked in transgenic MKK5-RNAi plant, mkk5. Using an assay system for transient expression in protoplasts, it was found that mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MKK5) was also activated in response to salt stress. Overexpression of MKK5 in wild-type plants enhanced their tolerance to salt treatments, while mkk5 mutant exhibited hypersensitivity to salt stress in germination on salt-containing media. Moreover, another kinase, MPK6, was also involved in the MKK5-mediated iron superoxide dismutase (FSD) signalling pathway in salt stress. The kinase activity of MPK6 was totally turned off in mkk5, whereas the activity of MPK3 was only partially blocked. MKK5 interacted with the MEKK1 protein that was also involved in the salt-induced FSD signalling pathway. These data suggest that salt-induced FSD2 and FSD3 expressions are influenced by MEKK1 via MKK5-MPK6-coupled signalling. This MAP kinase cascade (MEKK1, MKK5, and MPK6) mediates the salt-induced expression of iron superoxide dismutases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique and College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-hua Chen
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science & Technology CAAS, Beijing, China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Pang T, Guo L, Shim D, Cannon N, Tang S, Chen J, Xia X, Yin W, Carlson JE. Characterization of the Transcriptome of the Xerophyte Ammopiptanthus mongolicus Leaves under Drought Stress by 454 Pyrosequencing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136495. [PMID: 26313687 PMCID: PMC4552034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim. Ex Kom.) Cheng f., an endangered ancient legume species, endemic to the Gobi desert in north-western China. As the only evergreen broadleaf shrub in this area, A. mongolicus plays an important role in the region's ecological-environmental stability. Despite the strong potential of A. mongolicus in providing new insights on drought tolerance, sequence information on the species in public databases remains scarce. To both learn about the role of gene expression in drought stress tolerance in A. mongolicus and to expand genomic resources for the species, transcriptome sequencing of stress-treated A. mongolicus plants was performed. RESULTS Using 454 pyrosequencing technology, 8,480 and 7,474 contigs were generated after de novo assembly of RNA sequences from leaves of untreated and drought-treated plants, respectively. After clustering using TGICL and CAP3 programs, a combined assembly of all reads produced a total of 11,357 putative unique transcripts (PUTs). Functional annotation and classification of the transcripts were conducted by aligning the 11,357 PUTs against the public protein databases and nucleotide database (Nt). Between control and drought-treated plants, 1,620 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 1,106 were up-regulated and 514 were down-regulated. The differential expression of twenty candidate genes in metabolic pathways and transcription factors families related to stress-response were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Representatives of several large gene families, such as WRKY and P5CS, were identified and verified in A. mongolicus for the first time. CONCLUSIONS The additional transcriptome resources, gene expression profiles, functional annotations, and candidate genes provide a more comprehensive understanding of the stress response pathways in xeric-adapted plant species such as A. mongolicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Agricultural, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghwan Shim
- The Schatz Center for Tree Molecular Genetics, Department Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Forest Genetic Resources, Korea Forest Research Institute, Suwon 441–350, Korea
| | - Nathaniel Cannon
- The Schatz Center for Tree Molecular Genetics, Department Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sha Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhuan Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinli Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weilun Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - John E. Carlson
- The Schatz Center for Tree Molecular Genetics, Department Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Hettenhausen C, Schuman MC, Wu J. MAPK signaling: a key element in plant defense response to insects. INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 22:157-64. [PMID: 24753304 PMCID: PMC5295641 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Insects have long been the most abundant herbivores, and plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to defend against their attack. In particular, plants can perceive specific patterns of tissue damage associated with insect herbivory. Some plant species can perceive certain elicitors in insect oral secretions (OS) that enter wounds during feeding, and rapidly activate a series of intertwined signaling pathways to orchestrate the biosynthesis of various defensive metabolites. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), common to all eukaryotes, are involved in the orchestration of many cellular processes, including development and stress responses. In plants, at least two MAPKs, salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK) and wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK), are rapidly activated by wounding or insect OS; importantly, genetic studies using transgenic or mutant plants impaired in MAPK signaling indicated that MAPKs play critical roles in regulating the herbivory-induced dynamics of phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid, and MAPKs are also required for transcriptional activation of herbivore defense-related genes and accumulation of defensive metabolites. In this review, we summarize recent developments in understanding the functions of MAPKs in plant resistance to insect herbivores.
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Jiang M, Wen F, Cao J, Li P, She J, Chu Z. Genome-wide exploration of the molecular evolution and regulatory network of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades upon multiple stresses in Brachypodium distachyon. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:228. [PMID: 25886731 PMCID: PMC4404688 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brachypodium distachyon is emerging as a widely recognized model plant that has very close relations with several economically important Poaceae species. MAPK cascade is known to be an evolutionarily conserved signaling module involved in multiple stresses. Although the gene sequences of MAPK and MAPKK family have been fully identified in B. distachyon, the information related to the upstream MAPKKK gene family especially the regulatory network among MAPKs, MAPKKs and MAPKKKs upon multiple stresses remains to be understood. RESULTS In this study, we have identified MAPKKKs which belong to the biggest gene family of MAPK cascade kinases. We have systematically investigated the evolution of whole MAPK cascade kinase gene family in terms of gene structures, protein structural organization, chromosomal localization, orthologs construction and gene duplication analysis. Our results showed that most BdMAPK cascade kinases were located at the low-CpG-density region, and the clustered members in each group shared similar structures of the genes and proteins. Synteny analysis showed that 62 or 21 pairs of duplicated orthologs were present between B. distachyon and Oryza sativa, or between B. distachyon and Arabidopsis thaliana respectively. Gene expression data revealed that BdMAPK cascade kinases were rapidly regulated by stresses and phytohormones. Importantly, we have constructed a regulation network based on co-expression patterns of the expression profiles upon multiple stresses performed in this study. CONCLUSIONS BdMAPK cascade kinases were involved in the signaling pathways of multiple stresses in B. distachyon. The network of co-expression regulation showed the most of duplicated BdMAPK cascade kinase gene orthologs demonstrated their convergent function, whereas few of them developed divergent function in the evolutionary process. The molecular evolution analysis of identified MAPK family genes and the constructed MAPK cascade regulation network under multiple stresses provide valuable information for further investigation of the functions of BdMAPK cascade kinase genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Chenhua Road, 201602, Shanghai, Songjiang, China.
| | - Feng Wen
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Chenhua Road, 201602, Shanghai, Songjiang, China. .,Current address: College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China.
| | - Jianmei Cao
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Chenhua Road, 201602, Shanghai, Songjiang, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Chenhua Road, 201602, Shanghai, Songjiang, China.
| | - Jessica She
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Chenhua Road, 201602, Shanghai, Songjiang, China. .,Program of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, M5G 3G3, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Zhaoqing Chu
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Chenhua Road, 201602, Shanghai, Songjiang, China.
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Cheng T, Chen J, Zhang J, Shi S, Zhou Y, Lu L, Wang P, Jiang Z, Yang J, Zhang S, Shi J. Physiological and proteomic analyses of leaves from the halophyte Tangut Nitraria reveals diverse response pathways critical for high salinity tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:30. [PMID: 25713577 PMCID: PMC4322618 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization poses a serious threat to the environment and agricultural productivity worldwide. Studies on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance in halophytic plants provide valuable information to enhance their salt tolerance. Tangut Nitraria is a widely distributed halophyte in saline-alkali soil in the northern areas of China. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to investigate the molecular pathways of the high salt tolerance of T. Nitraria. We analyzed the changes in biomass, photosynthesis, and redox-related enzyme activities in T. Nitraria leaves from plant seedlings treated with high salt concentration. Comparative proteomic analysis of the leaves revealed that the expression of 71 proteins was significantly altered after salinity treatments of T. Nitraria. These salinity-responsive proteins were mainly involved in photosynthesis, redox homeostasis, stress/defense, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, protein metabolism, signal transduction, and membrane transport. Results showed that the reduction of photosynthesis under salt stress was attributed to the down-regulation of the enzymes and proteins involved in the light reaction and Calvin cycle. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that the proteins involved in redox homeostasis, photosynthesis, and energy metabolism constructed two types of response networks to high salt stress. T. Nitraria plants developed diverse mechanisms for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in their leaves to cope with stress induced by high salinity. This study provides important information regarding the salt tolerance of the halophyte T. Nitraria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tielong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing, China
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing, China
| | - Yanwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Pengkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing, China
| | - Jinchang Yang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of ForestryGuangzhou, China
| | - Shougong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shougong Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, No. 1, Dong Xiao Fu, Haidian, Beijing 100091, China e-mail:
| | - Jisen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing, China
- Jisen Shi, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China e-mail:
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Çakır B, Kılıçkaya O. Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in Vitis vinifera. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:556. [PMID: 26257761 PMCID: PMC4511077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important mechanisms to control cellular functions in response to external and endogenous signals. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are universal signaling molecules in eukaryotes that mediate the intracellular transmission of extracellular signals resulting in the induction of appropriate cellular responses. MAPK cascades are composed of four protein kinase modules: MAPKKK kinases (MAPKKKKs), MAPKK kinases (MAPKKKs), MAPK kinases (MAPKKs), and MAPKs. In plants, MAPKs are activated in response to abiotic stresses, wounding, and hormones, and during plant pathogen interactions and cell division. In this report, we performed a complete inventory of MAPK cascades genes in Vitis vinifera, the whole genome of which has been sequenced. By comparison with MAPK, MAPK kinases, MAPK kinase kinases and MAPK kinase kinase kinase kinase members of Arabidopsis thaliana, we revealed the existence of 14 MAPKs, 5 MAPKKs, 62 MAPKKKs, and 7 MAPKKKKs in Vitis vinifera. We identified orthologs of V. vinifera putative MAPKs in different species, and ESTs corresponding to members of MAPK cascades in various tissues. This work represents the first complete inventory of MAPK cascades in V. vinifera and could help elucidate the biological and physiological functions of these proteins in V. vinifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birsen Çakır
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege UniversityIzmir, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Birsen Çakır, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Bornova/Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Ozan Kılıçkaya
- Department of Pharmacetical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet UniversitySivas, Turkey
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Bekešová S, Komis G, Křenek P, Vyplelová P, Ovečka M, Luptovčiak I, Illés P, Kuchařová A, Šamaj J. Monitoring protein phosphorylation by acrylamide pendant Phos-Tag™ in various plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:336. [PMID: 26029234 PMCID: PMC4429547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to rationalize acrylamide pendant Phos-Tag™ in-gel discrimination of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated plant protein species with standard immunoblot analysis, and optimize sample preparation, efficient electrophoretic separation and transfer. We tested variants of the method including extraction buffers suitable for preservation of phosphorylated protein species in crude extracts from plants and we addressed the importance of the cation (Mn(2+) or Zn(2+)) used in the gel recipe for efficient transfer to PVDF membranes for further immunoblot analysis. We demonstrate the monitoring of Medicago sativa stress-induced mitogen activated protein kinase (SIMK) in stress-treated wild type plants and transgenic SIMKK RNAi line. We further show the hyperosmotically-induced phosphorylation of the previously uncharacterized HvMPK4 of barley. The method is validated using inducible phosphorylation of barley and wheat α-tubulin and of Arabidopsis MPK6. Acrylamide pendant Phos-Tag™offers a flexible tool for studying protein phosphorylation in crops and Arabidopsis circumventing radioactive labeling and the use of phosphorylation specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jozef Šamaj
- *Correspondence: Jozef Šamaj, Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
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Identification of a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase gene (MKK2) in the oilseed rape Brassica campestris. Biologia (Bratisl) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-014-0455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang T, Zhu M, Song WY, Harmon AC, Chen S. Oxidation and phosphorylation of MAP kinase 4 cause protein aggregation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1854:156-65. [PMID: 25433264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades are highly conserved signaling pathways that respond to environmental cues. Arabidopsis MPK4 has been identified as a stress-responsive protein kinase. Here we demonstrate that Brassica napus MPK4 (BnMPK4) is activated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). Transient expression of a constitutively active BnMPK4 causes H2O2 production and cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. However, little is known about how H2O2 contributes to the regulation of MPK4 kinase function. Biochemical analysis revealed that recombinant BnMPK4 autophosphorylates on both threonine and tyrosine residues in the activation loop. In the presence of H2O2, phosphorylation of BnMPK4 caused protein aggregation in vitro. The aggregation of BnMPK4 could be reversed to the monomeric form by reducing reagents. Point-mutation of cysteine codons indicated that cysteine 232 is involved in protein aggregation. Our results suggest that BnMPK4 is involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and metabolism, and its aggregation may be modulated by redox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Wen-yuan Song
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alice C Harmon
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Wang F, Jing W, Zhang W. The mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade MKK1-MPK4 mediates salt signaling in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 227:181-9. [PMID: 25219319 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways have been implicated in signal transduction of both biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. In this study, we found that the transcript of a rice (Oryza sativa) MAPKK (OsMKK1) was markedly increased by salt stress. By examining the survival rate and Na(+) content in shoot, we found that OsMKK1-knockout (osmkk1) mutant was more sensitive to salt stress than the wild type. OsMKK1 activity in the wild-type seedlings and protoplasts was increased by salt stress. Yeast two-hybrid and in vitro and in vivo kinase assays revealed that OsMKK1 targeted OsMPK4. OsMPK4 activity was increased by salt, which was impaired in osmkk1 plants. In contrast, overexpression of OsMKK1 increased OsMPK4 activity in protoplasts. By comparing the transcription factors levels between WT and osmkk1 mutant, OsMKK1 was necessary for salt-induced increase in OsDREB2B and OsMYBS3. Taken together, the data suggest that OsMKK1 and OsMPK4 constitute a signaling pathway that regulates salt stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzheng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wen Jing
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Moustafa K, AbuQamar S, Jarrar M, Al-Rajab AJ, Trémouillaux-Guiller J. MAPK cascades and major abiotic stresses. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1217-25. [PMID: 24832772 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved with complex signaling circuits that operate under multiple conditions and govern numerous cellular functions. Stress signaling in plant cells is a sophisticated network composed of interacting proteins organized into tiered cascades where the function of a molecule is dependent on the interaction and the activation of another. In a linear scheme, the receptors of cell surface sense the stimuli and convey stress signals through specific pathways and downstream phosphorylation events controlled by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and second messengers, leading to appropriate adaptive responses. The specificity of the pathway is guided by scaffolding proteins and docking domains inside the interacting partners with distinctive structures and functions. The flexibility and the fine-tuned organization of the signaling molecules drive the activated MAP kinases into the appropriate location and connection to control and integrate the information flow. Here, we overview recent findings of the involvement of MAP kinases in major abiotic stresses (drought, cold and temperature fluctuations) and we shed light on the complexity and the specificity of MAP kinase signaling modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Moustafa
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Créteil, France,
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Wu J, Wang J, Pan C, Guan X, Wang Y, Liu S, He Y, Chen J, Chen L, Lu G. Genome-wide identification of MAPKK and MAPKKK gene families in tomato and transcriptional profiling analysis during development and stress response. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103032. [PMID: 25036993 PMCID: PMC4103895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have important functions in plant growth, development, and response to various stresses. The MAPKK and MAPKKK gene families in tomato have never been systematically analyzed. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the MAPKK and MAPKKK gene families in tomato and identified 5 MAPKK genes and 89 MAPKKK genes. Phylogenetic analyses of the MAPKK and MAPKKK gene families showed that all the MAPKK genes formed four groups (groups A, B, C, and D), whereas all the MAPKKK genes were classified into three subfamilies, namely, MEKK, RAF, and ZIK. Evolutionary analysis showed that whole genome or chromosomal segment duplications were the main factors responsible for the expansion of the MAPKK and MAPKKK gene families in tomato. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the majority of MAPKK and MAPKKK genes were expressed in all tested organs with considerable differences in transcript levels indicating that they might be constitutively expressed. However, the expression level of most of these genes changed significantly under heat, cold, drought, salt, and Pseudomonas syringae treatment. Furthermore, their expression levels exhibited significant changes in response to salicylic acid and indole-3-acetic acid treatment, implying that these genes might have important roles in the plant hormone network. Our comparative analysis of the MAPKK and MAPKKK families would improve our understanding of the evolution and functional characterization of MAPK cascades in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changtian Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjun He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Biotechnology, Agricultural Ministry of China, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Ovečka M, Takáč T, Komis G, Vadovič P, Bekešová S, Doskočilová A, Šamajová V, Luptovčiak I, Samajová O, Schweighofer A, Meskiene I, Jonak C, Křenek P, Lichtscheidl I, Škultéty L, Hirt H, Šamaj J. Salt-induced subcellular kinase relocation and seedling susceptibility caused by overexpression of Medicago SIMKK in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2335-50. [PMID: 24648569 PMCID: PMC4036504 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity mitogen-activated protein kinases kinases (MAPKKs) are the immediate upstream activators of MAPKs. They simultaneously phosphorylate the TXY motif within the activation loop of MAPKs, allowing them to interact with and regulate multiple substrates. Often, the activation of MAPKs triggers their nuclear translocation. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics and the physiological consequences of the activation of MAPKs, particularly in plants, are still poorly understood. Here, we studied the activation and localization of the Medicago sativa stress-induced MAPKK (SIMKK)-SIMK module after salt stress. In the inactive state, SIMKK and SIMK co-localized in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Upon salt stress, however, a substantial part of the nuclear pool of both SIMKK and SIMK relocated to cytoplasmic compartments. The course of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of SIMK correlated temporally with the dual phosphorylation of the pTEpY motif. SIMKK function was further studied in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing SIMKK-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusions. SIMKK-YFP plants showed enhanced activation of Arabidopsis MPK3 and MPK6 kinases upon salt treatment and exhibited high sensitivity against salt stress at the seedling stage, although they were salt insensitive during seed germination. Proteomic analysis of SIMKK-YFP overexpressors indicated the differential regulation of proteins directly or indirectly involved in salt stress responses. These proteins included catalase, peroxiredoxin, glutathione S-transferase, nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1, endoplasmic reticulum luminal-binding protein 2, and finally plasma membrane aquaporins. In conclusion, Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing SIMKK-YFP exhibited higher salt sensitivity consistent with their proteome composition and with the presumptive MPK3/MPK6 hijacking of the salt response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Ovečka
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Takáč
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - George Komis
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Vadovič
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Slávka Bekešová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Doskočilová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Šamajová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Luptovčiak
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Samajová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Schweighofer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irute Meskiene
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Jonak
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology GmbH, Dr Bohr-Gasse 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Křenek
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Irene Lichtscheidl
- Institution of Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - L'udovít Škultéty
- Department of Rickettsiology, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 05, Slovakia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Unité de Recherche en Genomique Végétale, Université d'Evry-Val-d'essone, 2, rue Gaston Crémieux, F-91057 Evry, France
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Li CH, Wang G, Zhao JL, Zhang LQ, Ai LF, Han YF, Sun DY, Zhang SW, Sun Y. The Receptor-Like Kinase SIT1 Mediates Salt Sensitivity by Activating MAPK3/6 and Regulating Ethylene Homeostasis in Rice. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2538-2553. [PMID: 24907341 PMCID: PMC4114950 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.125187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
High salinity causes growth inhibition and shoot bleaching in plants that do not tolerate high salt (glycophytes), including most crops. The molecules affected directly by salt and linking the extracellular stimulus to intracellular responses remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that rice (Oryza sativa) Salt Intolerance 1 (SIT1), a lectin receptor-like kinase expressed mainly in root epidermal cells, mediates salt sensitivity. NaCl rapidly activates SIT1, and in the presence of salt, as SIT1 kinase activity increased, plant survival decreased. Rice MPK3 and MPK6 function as the downstream effectors of SIT1. SIT1 phosphorylates MPK3 and 6, and their activation by salt requires SIT1. SIT1 mediates ethylene production and salt-induced ethylene signaling. SIT1 promotes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to growth inhibition and plant death under salt stress, which occurred in an MPK3/6- and ethylene signaling-dependent manner in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our findings demonstrate the existence of a SIT1-MPK3/6 cascade that mediates salt sensitivity by affecting ROS and ethylene homeostasis and signaling. These results provide important information for engineering salt-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Geng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Long Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Li-Qing Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Feng Ai
- Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of China, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050028, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Feng Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Da-Ye Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Wei Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050024, P.R. China Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
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Zhang J, Zou D, Li Y, Sun X, Wang NN, Gong SY, Zheng Y, Li XB. GhMPK17, a cotton mitogen-activated protein kinase, is involved in plant response to high salinity and osmotic stresses and ABA signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95642. [PMID: 24743296 PMCID: PMC3990703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play pivotal roles in mediating biotic and abiotic stress responses. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is the most important textile crop in the world, and often encounters abiotic stress during its growth seasons. In this study, a gene encoding a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was isolated from cotton, and designated as GhMPK17. The open reading frame (ORF) of GhMPK17 gene is 1494 bp in length and encodes a protein with 497 amino acids. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that GhMPK17 expression was up-regulated in cotton under NaCl, mannitol and ABA treatments. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing GhMPK17 gene showed higher seed germination, root elongation and cotyledon greening/expansion rates than those of the wild type on MS medium containing NaCl, mannitol and exogenous ABA, suggesting that overexpression of GhMPK17 in Arabidopsis increased plant ABA-insensitivity, and enhanced plant tolerance to salt and osmotic stresses. Furthermore, overexpression of GhMPK17 in Arabidopsis reduced H2O2 level and altered expression of ABA- and abiotic stress-related genes in the transgenic plants. Collectively, these data suggested that GhMPK17 gene may be involved in plant response to high salinity and osmotic stresses and ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Na-Na Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Ying Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Kumar A, Dames JF, Gupta A, Sharma S, Gilbert JA, Ahmad P. Current developments in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi research and its role in salinity stress alleviation: a biotechnological perspective. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 35:461-74. [PMID: 24708070 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.899964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form widespread symbiotic associations with 80% of known land plants. They play a major role in plant nutrition, growth, water absorption, nutrient cycling and protection from pathogens, and as a result, contribute to ecosystem processes. Salinity stress conditions undoubtedly limit plant productivity and, therefore, the role of AMF as a biological tool for improving plant salt stress tolerance, is gaining economic importance worldwide. However, this approach requires a better understanding of how plants and AMF intimately interact with each other in saline environments and how this interaction leads to physiological changes in plants. This knowledge is important to develop sustainable strategies for successful utilization of AMF to improve plant health under a variety of stress conditions. Recent advances in the field of molecular biology, "omics" technology and advanced microscopy can provide new insight about these mechanisms of interaction between AMF and plants, as well as other microbes. This review mainly discusses the effect of salinity on AMF and plants, and role of AMF in alleviation of salinity stress including insight on methods for AMF identification. The focus remains on latest advancements in mycorrhizal research that can potentially offer an integrative understanding of the role of AMF in salinity tolerance and sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- a Mycorrhizal Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry , Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Rhodes University , Grahamstown , South Africa .,b Department of Botany , Dr. Harisingh Gour University (Central University) , Sagar , MP , India
| | - Joanna F Dames
- a Mycorrhizal Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry , Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Rhodes University , Grahamstown , South Africa
| | - Aditi Gupta
- c Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi , India
| | - Satyawati Sharma
- c Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas , New Delhi , India
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- d Bioscience division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL , USA .,e Department of Ecology and Evolution , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA , and
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- f Department of Botany , GDC Anantnag , Jammu and Kashmir , India
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Arabidopsis protein phosphatase DBP1 nucleates a protein network with a role in regulating plant defense. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90734. [PMID: 24595057 PMCID: PMC3942490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana DBP1 belongs to the plant-specific family of DNA-binding protein phosphatases. Although recently identified as a novel host factor mediating susceptibility to potyvirus, little is known about DBP1 targets and partners and the molecular mechanisms underlying its function. Analyzing changes in the phosphoproteome of a loss-of-function dbp1 mutant enabled the identification of 14-3-3λ isoform (GRF6), a previously reported DBP1 interactor, and MAP kinase (MAPK) MPK11 as components of a small protein network nucleated by DBP1, in which GRF6 stability is modulated by MPK11 through phosphorylation, while DBP1 in turn negatively regulates MPK11 activity. Interestingly, grf6 and mpk11 loss-of-function mutants showed altered response to infection by the potyvirus Plum pox virus (PPV), and the described molecular mechanism controlling GRF6 stability was recapitulated upon PPV infection. These results not only contribute to a better knowledge of the biology of DBP factors, but also of MAPK signalling in plants, with the identification of GRF6 as a likely MPK11 substrate and of DBP1 as a protein phosphatase regulating MPK11 activity, and unveils the implication of this protein module in the response to PPV infection in Arabidopsis.
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Steffens B. The role of ethylene and ROS in salinity, heavy metal, and flooding responses in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:685. [PMID: 25538719 PMCID: PMC4255495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and developmental processes as well as abiotic and biotic stress adaptations are regulated by small endogenous signaling molecules. Among these, phytohormones such as the gaseous alkene ethylene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in mediating numerous specific growth or cell death responses. While apoplastic ROS are generated by plasma membrane-located respiratory burst oxidase homolog proteins, intracellular ROS are produced mainly in electron transfer chains of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Ethylene accumulates in plants due to physical entrapment or by enhanced ethylene biosynthesis. A major crop that must endure high salt and heavy metal concentrations upon flooding in regions of Asia is rice. Ethylene and ROS have been identified as the major signals that mediate salinity, chromium, and flooding stress in rice. This mini review focuses on (i) what is known about ethylene and ROS level control during these abiotic stresses in rice, (ii) how the two signals mediate growth or death processes, and (iii) feedback mechanisms that in turn regulate ethylene and ROS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Steffens
- *Correspondence: Bianka Steffens, Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps University, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany e-mail:
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Golldack D, Li C, Mohan H, Probst N. Tolerance to drought and salt stress in plants: Unraveling the signaling networks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:151. [PMID: 24795738 PMCID: PMC4001066 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance of plants to abiotic stressors such as drought and salinity is triggered by complex multicomponent signaling pathways to restore cellular homeostasis and promote survival. Major plant transcription factor families such as bZIP, NAC, AP2/ERF, and MYB orchestrate regulatory networks underlying abiotic stress tolerance. Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways contribute to initiation of stress adaptive downstream responses and promote plant growth and development. As a convergent point of multiple abiotic cues, cellular effects of environmental stresses are not only imbalances of ionic and osmotic homeostasis but also impaired photosynthesis, cellular energy depletion, and redox imbalances. Recent evidence of regulatory systems that link sensing and signaling of environmental conditions and the intracellular redox status have shed light on interfaces of stress and energy signaling. ROS (reactive oxygen species) cause severe cellular damage by peroxidation and de-esterification of membrane-lipids, however, current models also define a pivotal signaling function of ROS in triggering tolerance against stress. Recent research advances suggest and support a regulatory role of ROS in the cross talks of stress triggered hormonal signaling such as the abscisic acid pathway and endogenously induced redox and metabolite signals. Here, we discuss and review the versatile molecular convergence in the abiotic stress responsive signaling networks in the context of ROS and lipid-derived signals and the specific role of stomatal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dortje Golldack
- *Correspondence: Dortje Golldack, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany e-mail:
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Transient expression in Arabidopsis leaf mesophyll protoplast system for cell-based functional analysis of MAPK cascades signaling. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1171:3-12. [PMID: 24908115 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0922-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade is one of the main signaling components mediating abiotic and biotic stress and hormone information in plants. Plant MAPK study has been impeded with a genetic approach using a long-term phenotypic analysis in spite of the transient nature of the protein kinase signaling. Arabidopsis leaf mesophyll protoplasts provide a versatile resource for diverse cell-based assays to acquire immediate molecular and biochemical responses with transient expression of MAPK cascade components of interests. Thus, it is an attractive tool for a high-throughput functional analysis of Arabidopsis MAPK cascade signaling. However, transient expression in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplast (TEAMP) system requires mastered skills for protoplast preparation and handling to achieve steady and stable data. Here, we have described two analytical methods for MAPK cascade signaling using TEAMP system.
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Nicolas P, Lecourieux D, Kappel C, Cluzet S, Cramer G, Delrot S, Lecourieux F. The basic leucine zipper transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING FACTOR2 is an important transcriptional regulator of abscisic acid-dependent grape berry ripening processes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:365-83. [PMID: 24276949 PMCID: PMC3875815 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.231977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In grape (Vitis vinifera), abscisic acid (ABA) accumulates during fruit ripening and is thought to play a pivotal role in this process, but the molecular basis of this control is poorly understood. This work characterizes ABSCISIC ACID RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING FACTOR2 (VvABF2), a grape basic leucine zipper transcription factor belonging to a phylogenetic subgroup previously shown to be involved in ABA and abiotic stress signaling in other plant species. VvABF2 transcripts mainly accumulated in the berry, from the onset of ripening to the harvesting stage, and were up-regulated by ABA. Microarray analysis of transgenic grape cells overexpressing VvABF2 showed that this transcription factor up-regulates and/or modifies existing networks related to ABA responses. In addition, grape cells overexpressing VvABF2 exhibited enhanced responses to ABA treatment compared with control cells. Among the VvABF2-mediated responses highlighted in this study, the synthesis of phenolic compounds and cell wall softening were the most strongly affected. VvABF2 overexpression strongly increased the accumulation of stilbenes that play a role in plant defense and human health (resveratrol and piceid). In addition, the firmness of fruits from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants overexpressing VvABF2 was strongly reduced. These data indicate that VvABF2 is an important transcriptional regulator of ABA-dependent grape berry ripening.
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Wu Q, Xu L, Guo J, Su Y, Que Y. Transcriptome profile analysis of sugarcane responses to Sporisorium scitaminea infection using Solexa sequencing technology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:298920. [PMID: 24288673 PMCID: PMC3830884 DOI: 10.1155/2013/298920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To understand the molecular basis of sugarcane-smut interaction, it is important to identify sugarcane genes that respond to the pathogen attack. High-throughput tag-sequencing (tag-seq) analysis by Solexa technology was performed on sugarcane infected with Sporisorium scitaminea, which should have massively increased the amount of data available for transcriptome profile analysis. After mapping to sugarcane EST databases in NCBI, we obtained 2015 differentially expressed genes, of which 1125 were upregulated and 890 downregulated by infection. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes involve in many cellular processes. Pathway analysis revealed that metabolic pathways and ribosome function are significantly affected, where upregulation of expression dominates over downregulation. Differential expression of three candidate genes involved in MAP kinase signaling pathway, ScBAK1 (GenBank Accession number: KC857629), ScMapkk (GenBank Accession number: KC857627), and ScGloI (GenBank Accession number: KC857628), was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis concluded that the expression of these genes were all up-regulated after the infection of S. scitaminea and may play a role in pathogen response in sugarcane. The present study provides insights into the molecular mechanism of sugarcane defense to S. scitaminea infection, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of sugarcane-smut interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Wu
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jinlong Guo
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yachun Su
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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48
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Li Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhang W, Hao L, Chu X, Guo X. Cotton GhMPK6a negatively regulates osmotic tolerance and bacterial infection in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana, and plays a pivotal role in development. FEBS J 2013; 280:5128-44. [PMID: 23957843 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in the perception of external signals and the generation of suitable responses. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is an important fibre-producing and oil-producing crop worldwide. However, few MAPKs and their interaction partners have been functionally characterized in cotton. In the present study, the group A MAPK G. hirsutum (Gh)MPK6a was identified and characterized. GhMPK6a expression can be induced through multiple defence-related signal molecules and abiotic and biotic stresses. The ectopic expression of GhMPK6a in Nicotiana benthamiana reduced drought and salt tolerance, with elevated malondialdehyde content, higher reactive oxygen species content and lower abscisic acid content than in wild-type plants. Moreover, plants overexpressing GhMPK6a were sensitive to the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Histochemical analysis of β-glucuronidase activity revealed that GhMPK6a showed tissue-specific expression during postgermination development, mixed bud differentiation, and pollination. Most importantly, GhMPK6a interacts with the upstream MAPK kinase GhMKK4, as shown by the use of yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation systems, compensating for a deficiency of MAPK interaction partners in cotton crops. Taken together, these results suggest that GhMPK6a negatively regulates osmotic stress and bacterial infection, and plays an important role in developmental processes. These results provide useful information for elucidating the roles of MAPK cascades in cotton crops. STRUCTURED DIGITAL ABSTRACT GhMPK6a physically interacts with GhMPK4 by two hybrid (View interaction) GhMPK6a and GhMPK4 physically interact by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (View interaction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Zhang S, Xu R, Luo X, Jiang Z, Shu H. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of MAPK and MAPKK gene family in Malus domestica. Gene 2013; 531:377-87. [PMID: 23939467 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
MAPK signal transduction modules play crucial roles in regulating many biological processes in plants, which are composed of three classes of hierarchically organized protein kinases, namely MAPKKKs, MAPKKs, and MAPKs. Although genome-wide analysis of this family has been carried out in some species, little is known about MAPK and MAPKK genes in apple (Malus domestica). In this study, a total of 26 putative apple MAPK genes (MdMPKs) and 9 putative apple MAPKK genes (MdMKKs) have been identified and located within the apple genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MdMAPKs and MdMAPKKs could be divided into 4 subfamilies (groups A, B, C and D), respectively. The predicted MdMAPKs and MdMAPKKs were distributed across 13 out of 17 chromosomes with different densities. In addition, analysis of exon-intron junctions and of intron phase inside the predicted coding region of each candidate gene has revealed high levels of conservation within and between phylogenetic groups. According to the microarray and expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis, the different expression patterns indicate that they may play different roles during fruit development and rootstock-scion interaction process. Moreover, MAPK and MAPKK genes were performed expression profile analyses in different tissues (root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit), and all of the selected genes were expressed in at least one of the tissues tested, indicating that the MAPKs and MAPKKs are involved in various aspects of physiological and developmental processes of apple. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a genome-wide analysis of the apple MAPK and MAPKK gene family. This study provides valuable information for understanding the classification and putative functions of the MAPK signal in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong Zhang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
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Lu W, Chu X, Li Y, Wang C, Guo X. Cotton GhMKK1 induces the tolerance of salt and drought stress, and mediates defence responses to pathogen infection in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68503. [PMID: 23844212 PMCID: PMC3700956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKK) mediate a variety of stress responses in plants. So far little is known on the functional role of MAPKKs in cotton. In the present study, Gossypium hirsutum MKK1 (GhMKK1) function was investigated. GhMKK1 protein may activate its specific targets in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Treatments with salt, drought, and H2O2 induced the expression of GhMKK1 and increased the activity of GhMKK1, while overexpression of GhMKK1 in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced its tolerance to salt and drought stresses as determined by many physiological data. Additionally, GhMKK1 activity was found to up-regulate pathogen-associated biotic stress, and overexpression of GhMKK1 increased the susceptibility of the transgenic plants to the pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum by reducing the expression of PR genes. Moreover, GhMKK1-overexpressing plants also exhibited an enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging capability and markedly elevated activities of several antioxidant enzymes. These results indicate that GhMKK1 is involved in plants defence responses and provide new data to further analyze the function of plant MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
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