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Zhu J, Li T, Ma J, Li W, Zhang H, Nadezhda T, Zhu Y, Dong X, Li C, Fan J. Genome-wide identification and investigation of monosaccharide transporter gene family based on their evolution and expression analysis under abiotic stress and hormone treatments in maize (Zea mays L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:496. [PMID: 38831278 PMCID: PMC11149190 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monosaccharide transporter (MST) family, as a carrier for monosaccharide transport, plays an important role in carbon partitioning and widely involves in plant growth and development, stress response, and signaling transduction. However, little information on the MST family genes is reported in maize (Zea mays), especially in response to abiotic stresses. In this study, the genome-wide identification of MST family genes was performed in maize. RESULT A total of sixty-six putative members of MST gene family were identified and divided into seven subfamilies (including SPT, PMT, VGT, INT, pGlcT, TMT, and ERD) using bioinformatics approaches, and gene information, phylogenetic tree, chromosomal location, gene structure, motif composition, and cis-acting elements were investigated. Eight tandem and twelve segmental duplication events were identified, which played an important role in the expansion of the ZmMST family. Synteny analysis revealed the evolutionary features of MST genes in three gramineous crop species. The expression analysis indicated that most of the PMT, VGT, and ERD subfamilies members responded to osmotic and cadmium stresses, and some of them were regulated by ABA signaling, while only a few members of other subfamilies responded to stresses. In addition, only five genes were induced by NaCl stress in MST family. CONCLUSION These results serve to understand the evolutionary relationships of the ZmMST family genes and supply some insight into the processes of monosaccharide transport and carbon partitioning on the balance between plant growth and development and stress response in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Tianfeng Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Wenyu Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Tsyganova Nadezhda
- Saint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Peterburgskoe shosse, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196601, Russia
| | - Yanshu Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
- Shenyang City Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
| | - Jinjuan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China.
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2
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Xu Y, Schmiege SC, Sharkey TD. The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in photosynthesis: a tale of two shunts. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2453-2463. [PMID: 38567702 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
CO2 release in the light (RL) and its presumed source, oxidative pentose phosphate pathways, were found to be insensitive to CO2 concentration. The oxidative pentose phosphate pathways form glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) shunts that bypass the nonoxidative pentose phosphate reactions of the Calvin-Benson cycle. Using adenosine diphosphate glucose and uridine diphosphate glucose as proxies for labeling of G6P in the stroma and cytosol respectively, it was found that only the cytosolic shunt was active. Uridine diphosphate glucose, a proxy for cytosolic G6P, and 6-phosphogluconate (6PG) were significantly less labeled than Calvin-Benson cycle intermediates in the light. But ADP glucose, a proxy for stromal G6P, is labeled to the same degree as Calvin-Benson cycle intermediates and much greater than 6PG. A metabolically inert pool of sedoheptulose bisphosphate can slowly equilibrate keeping the label in sedoheptulose lower than in other stromal metabolites. Finally, phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) in the cytosol can allow some unlabeled carbon in cytosolic F6P to dilute label in phosphenolpyruvate. The results clearly show that there is oxidative pentose phosphate pathway activity in the cytosol that provides a shunt around the nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway reactions of the Calvin-Benson cycle and is not strongly CO2-sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Stephanie C Schmiege
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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3
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Sharkey TD. The end game(s) of photosynthetic carbon metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:67-78. [PMID: 38163636 PMCID: PMC11060661 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The year 2024 marks 70 years since the general outline of the carbon pathway in photosynthesis was published. Although several alternative pathways are now known, it is remarkable how many organisms use the reaction sequence described 70 yrs ago, which is now known as the Calvin-Benson cycle or variants such as the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle or Benson-Calvin cycle. However, once the carbon has entered the Calvin-Benson cycle and is converted to a 3-carbon sugar, it has many potential fates. This review will examine the last stages of photosynthetic metabolism in leaves. In land plants, this process mostly involves the production of sucrose provided by an endosymbiont (the chloroplast) to its host for use and transport to the rest of the plant. Photosynthetic metabolism also usually involves the synthesis of starch, which helps maintain respiration in the dark and enables the symbiont to supply sugars during both the day and night. Other end products made in the chloroplast are closely tied to photosynthetic CO2 assimilation. These include serine from photorespiration and various amino acids, fatty acids, isoprenoids, and shikimate pathway products. I also describe 2 pathways that can short circuit parts of the Calvin-Benson cycle. These final processes of photosynthetic metabolism play many important roles in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Plant Resilience Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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4
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Wang J, Lu Y, Zhang X, Hu W, Lin L, Deng Q, Xia H, Liang D, Lv X. Effects of Potassium-Containing Fertilizers on Sugar and Organic Acid Metabolism in Grape Fruits. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2828. [PMID: 38474075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To identify suitable potassium fertilizers for grape (Vitis vinifera L.) production and study their mechanism of action, the effects of four potassium-containing fertilizers (complex fertilizer, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate) on sugar and organic acid metabolism in grape fruits were investigated. Potassium-containing fertilizers increased the activity of sugar and organic acid metabolism-related enzymes at all stages of grape fruit development. During the later stages of fruit development, potassium-containing fertilizers increased the total soluble solid content and the sugar content of the different sugar fractions and decreased the titratable acid content and organic acid content of the different organic acid fractions. At the ripening stage of grape fruit, compared with the control, complex fertilizer, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate increased the total soluble solid content by 1.5, 1.2, 3.5, and 3.4 percentage points, decreased the titratable acid content by 0.09, 0.06, 0.18, and 0.17 percentage points, respectively, and also increased the total potassium content in grape fruits to a certain degree. Transcriptome analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the berries showed that applying potassium-containing fertilizers enriched the genes in pathways involved in fruit quality, namely, carbon metabolism, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and fructose and mannose metabolism. Potassium-containing fertilizers affected the expression levels of genes regulating sugar metabolism and potassium ion uptake and transport. Overall, potassium-containing fertilizers can promote sugar accumulation and reduce acid accumulation in grape fruits, and potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate had the best effects among the fertilizers tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhang Lu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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5
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Arias CL, García Navarrete LT, Mukundi E, Swanson T, Yang F, Hernandez J, Grotewold E, Alonso AP. Metabolic and transcriptomic study of pennycress natural variation identifies targets for oil improvement. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1887-1903. [PMID: 37335591 PMCID: PMC10440992 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.), a member of the Brassicaceae family, produces seed oil high in erucic acid, suitable for biodiesel and aviation fuel. Although pennycress, a winter annual, could be grown as a dedicated bioenergy crop, an increase in its seed oil content is required to improve its economic competitiveness. The success of crop improvement relies upon finding the right combination of biomarkers and targets, and the best genetic engineering and/or breeding strategies. In this work, we combined biomass composition with metabolomic and transcriptomic studies of developing embryos from 22 pennycress natural variants to identify targets for oil improvement. The selected accession collection presented diverse levels of fatty acids at maturity ranging from 29% to 41%. Pearson correlation analyses, weighted gene co-expression network analysis and biomarker identifications were used as complementary approaches to detect associations between metabolite level or gene expression and oil content at maturity. The results indicated that improving seed oil content can lead to a concomitant increase in the proportion of erucic acid without affecting the weight of embryos. Processes, such as carbon partitioning towards the chloroplast, lipid metabolism, photosynthesis, and a tight control of nitrogen availability, were found to be key for oil improvement in pennycress. Besides identifying specific targets, our results also provide guidance regarding the best timing for their modification, early or middle maturation. Thus, this work lays out promising strategies, specific for pennycress, to accelerate the successful development of lines with increased seed oil content for biofuel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Lucía Arias
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | | | - Eric Mukundi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Tyler Swanson
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | - Fan Yang
- Center for Applied Plant SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Jonathan Hernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Ana Paula Alonso
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
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6
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Valifard M, Fernie AR, Kitashova A, Nägele T, Schröder R, Meinert M, Pommerrenig B, Mehner-Breitfeld D, Witte CP, Brüser T, Keller I, Neuhaus HE. The novel chloroplast glucose transporter pGlcT2 affects adaptation to extended light periods. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104741. [PMID: 37088133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular sugar compartmentation is critical in plant development and acclimation to challenging environmental conditions. Sugar transport proteins are present in plasma membranes and in membranes of organelles such as vacuoles, the Golgi apparatus, and plastids. However, there may exist other transport proteins with uncharacterized roles in sugar compartmentation. Here we report one such, a novel transporter of the Monosaccharide Transporter Family (MSF), the closest phylogenetic homolog of which is the chloroplast-localized glucose transporter pGlcT and that we therefore term plastidic glucose transporter 2 (pGlcT2). We show, using gene-complemented glucose uptake deficiency of an Escherichia coli ptsG/manXYZ mutant strain and biochemical characterization, that this protein specifically facilitates glucose transport, whereas other sugars do not serve as substrates. In addition, we demonstrate pGlcT2-GFP localized to the chloroplast envelope, and that pGlcT2 is mainly produced in seedlings and in the rosette center of mature Arabidopsis plants. Therefore, in conjunction with molecular and metabolic data, we propose pGlcT2 acts as a glucose importer that can limit cytosolic glucose availability in developing pGlcT2-overexpressing seedlings. Finally, we show both overexpression and deletion of pGlcT2 resulted in impaired growth efficiency under long day and continuous light conditions, suggesting pGlcT2 contributes to a release of glucose derived from starch mobilization late in the light phase. Together, these data indicate the facilitator pGlcT2 changes the direction in which it transports glucose during plant development and suggest the activity of pGlcT2 must be controlled spatially and temporarily in order to prevent developmental defects during adaptation to periods of extended light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Valifard
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kitashova
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Faculty of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Faculty of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rebekka Schröder
- Leibniz University Hannover, Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Melissa Meinert
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Denise Mehner-Breitfeld
- Leibniz University Hanover, Institute of Microbiology, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Claus-Peter Witte
- Leibniz University Hannover, Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüser
- Leibniz University Hanover, Institute of Microbiology, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Keller
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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7
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Liu T, Kawochar MA, Liu S, Cheng Y, Begum S, Wang E, Zhou T, Liu T, Cai X, Song B. Suppression of the tonoplast sugar transporter, StTST3.1, affects transitory starch turnover and plant growth in potato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:342-356. [PMID: 36444716 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transitory starch and vacuolar sugars function as highly dynamic pools of instantly accessible metabolites in plant leaf cells. Their metabolic regulation is critical for plant survival. The tonoplast sugar transporters (TSTs), responsible for sugar uptake into vacuoles, regulate cellular sugar partitioning and vacuolar sugar accumulation. However, whether TSTs are involved in leaf transient starch turnover and plant growth is unclear. Here, we found that suppressing StTST3.1 resulted in growth retardation and pale green leaves in potato plants. StTST3.1-silenced plants displayed abnormal chloroplasts and impaired photosynthetic performance. The subcellular localization assay and the oscillation expression patterns revealed that StTST3.1 encoded a tonoplast-localized protein and responded to photoperiod. Moreover, RNA-seq analyses identified that starch synthase (SS2 and SS6) and glucan water, dikinase (GWD), were downregulated in StTST3.1-silenced lines. Correspondingly, the capacity for starch synthesis and degradation was decreased in StTST3.1-silenced lines. Surprisingly, StTST3.1-silenced leaves accumulated exceptionally high levels of maltose but low levels of sucrose and hexose. Additionally, chlorophyll content was reduced in StTST3.1-silenced leaves. Analysis of chlorophyll metabolic pathways found that Non-Yellow Coloring 1 (NYC1)-like (NOL), encoding a chloroplast-localized key enzyme that catalyzes the initial step of chlorophyll b degradation, was upregulated in StTST3.1-silenced leaves. Transient overexpression of StNOL accelerated chlorophyll b degradation in tobacco leaves. Our results indicated that StTST3.1 is involved in transitory starch turnover and chlorophyll metabolism, thereby playing a critical role in normal potato plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Abu Kawochar
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Shengxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Cheng
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Shahnewaz Begum
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Enshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingkui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
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8
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Gámez-Arcas S, Muñoz FJ, Ricarte-Bermejo A, Sánchez-López ÁM, Baslam M, Baroja-Fernández E, Bahaji A, Almagro G, De Diego N, Doležal K, Novák O, Leal-López J, León Morcillo RJ, Castillo AG, Pozueta-Romero J. Glucose-6-P/phosphate translocator2 mediates the phosphoglucose-isomerase1-independent response to microbial volatiles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2137-2154. [PMID: 36111879 PMCID: PMC9706466 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the plastidial isoform of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI1) mediates photosynthesis, metabolism, and development, probably due to its involvement in the synthesis of isoprenoid-derived signals in vascular tissues. Microbial volatile compounds (VCs) with molecular masses of <45 Da promote photosynthesis, growth, and starch overaccumulation in leaves through PGI1-independent mechanisms. Exposure to these compounds in leaves enhances the levels of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE/PHOSPHATE TRANSLOCATOR2 (GPT2) transcripts. We hypothesized that the PGI1-independent response to microbial volatile emissions involves GPT2 action. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the responses of wild-type (WT), GPT2-null gpt2-1, PGI1-null pgi1-2, and pgi1-2gpt2-1 plants to small fungal VCs. In addition, we characterized the responses of pgi1-2gpt2-1 plants expressing GPT2 under the control of a vascular tissue- and root tip-specific promoter to small fungal VCs. Fungal VCs promoted increases in growth, starch content, and photosynthesis in WT and gpt2-1 plants. These changes were substantially weaker in VC-exposed pgi1-2gpt2-1 plants but reverted to WT levels with vascular and root tip-specific GPT2 expression. Proteomic analyses did not detect enhanced levels of GPT2 protein in VC-exposed leaves and showed that knocking out GPT2 reduced the expression of photosynthesis-related proteins in pgi1-2 plants. Histochemical analyses of GUS activity in plants expressing GPT2-GUS under the control of the GPT2 promoter showed that GPT2 is mainly expressed in root tips and vascular tissues around hydathodes. Overall, the data indicated that the PGI1-independent response to microbial VCs involves resetting of the photosynthesis-related proteome in leaves through long-distance GPT2 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Gámez-Arcas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | | | - Adriana Ricarte-Bermejo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Ángela María Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Iruñako etorbidea 123, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Jesús Leal-López
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM), CSIC-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Jorge León Morcillo
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM), CSIC-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Araceli G Castillo
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM), CSIC-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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9
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Lee SK, Lee J, Jo M, Jeon JS. Exploration of Sugar and Starch Metabolic Pathway Crucial for Pollen Fertility in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214091. [PMID: 36430574 PMCID: PMC9695277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch is the primary storage carbohydrate in mature pollen grains in many crop plants, including rice. Impaired starch accumulation causes male sterility because of the shortage of energy and building blocks for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Thus, starch-defective pollen is applicable for inducing male sterility and hybrid rice production. Despite the importance of pollen starch, the details of the starch biosynthesis and breakdown pathway in pollen are still largely unknown. As pollen is isolated from the maternal tissue, photoassimilate transported from leaves must pass through the apoplastic space from the anther to the filial pollen, where it is stored as starch. Several sugar transporters and enzymes are involved in this process, but many are still unknown. Thus, the current review provides possible scenarios for sucrose transport and metabolic pathways that lead to starch biosynthesis and breakdown in rice pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Kyu Lee
- Division of Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-K.L.); (J.-S.J.)
| | - Juho Lee
- Division of Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Jo
- Division of Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-K.L.); (J.-S.J.)
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10
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Campos NA, Colombié S, Moing A, Cassan C, Amah D, Swennen R, Gibon Y, Carpentier SC. From fruit growth to ripening in plantain: a careful balance between carbohydrate synthesis and breakdown. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4832-4849. [PMID: 35512676 PMCID: PMC9366326 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate for the first time different fruit development stages in plantain banana in order gain insights into the order of appearance and dominance of specific enzymes and fluxes. We examined fruit development in two plantain banana cultivars during the period between 2-12 weeks after bunch emergence using high-throughput proteomics, quantification of major metabolites, and analyses of metabolic fluxes. Starch synthesis and breakdown are processes that take place simultaneously. During the first 10 weeks fruits accumulated up to 48% of their dry weight as starch, and glucose 6-phosphate and fructose were important precursors. We found a unique amyloplast transporter and hypothesize that it facilitates the import of fructose. We identified an invertase originating from the Musa balbisiana genome that would enable carbon flow back to growth and starch synthesis and maintain a high starch content even during ripening. Enzymes associated with the initiation of ripening were involved in ethylene and auxin metabolism, starch breakdown, pulp softening, and ascorbate biosynthesis. The initiation of ripening was cultivar specific, with faster initiation being particularly linked to the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase and 4-alpha glucanotransferase disproportionating enzymes. Information of this kind is fundamental to determining the optimal time for picking the fruit in order to reduce post-harvest losses, and has potential applications for breeding to improve fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Colombié
- INRAE, Fruit Biology and Pathology, Université De Bordeaux, UMR 1332, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Annick Moing
- INRAE, Fruit Biology and Pathology, Université De Bordeaux, UMR 1332, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Cedric Cassan
- INRAE, Fruit Biology and Pathology, Université De Bordeaux, UMR 1332, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Delphine Amah
- IITA, Crop Breeding, Ibadan 200001, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Rony Swennen
- Biosystems Department, KULeuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- IITA, Crop Breeding, PO Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Yves Gibon
- INRAE, Fruit Biology and Pathology, Université De Bordeaux, UMR 1332, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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11
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Kuczynski C, McCorkle S, Keereetaweep J, Shanklin J, Schwender J. An expanded role for the transcription factor WRINKLED1 in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols during seed development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:955589. [PMID: 35991420 PMCID: PMC9389262 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.955589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor WRINKLED1 (WRI1) is known as a master regulator of fatty acid synthesis in developing oilseeds of Arabidopsis thaliana and other species. WRI1 is known to directly stimulate the expression of many fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes and a few targets in the lower part of the glycolytic pathway. However, it remains unclear to what extent and how the conversion of sugars into fatty acid biosynthetic precursors is controlled by WRI1. To shortlist possible gene targets for future in-planta experimental validation, here we present a strategy that combines phylogenetic foot printing of cis-regulatory elements with additional layers of evidence. Upstream regions of protein-encoding genes in A. thaliana were searched for the previously described DNA-binding consensus for WRI1, the ASML1/WRI1 (AW)-box. For about 900 genes, AW-box sites were found to be conserved across orthologous upstream regions in 11 related species of the crucifer family. For 145 select potential target genes identified this way, affinity of upstream AW-box sequences to WRI1 was assayed by Microscale Thermophoresis. This allowed definition of a refined WRI1 DNA-binding consensus. We find that known WRI1 gene targets are predictable with good confidence when upstream AW-sites are phylogenetically conserved, specifically binding WRI1 in the in vitro assay, positioned in proximity to the transcriptional start site, and if the gene is co-expressed with WRI1 during seed development. When targets predicted in this way are mapped to central metabolism, a conserved regulatory blueprint emerges that infers concerted control of contiguous pathway sections in glycolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis by WRI1. Several of the newly predicted targets are in the upper glycolysis pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway. Of these, plastidic isoforms of fructokinase (FRK3) and of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI1) are particularly corroborated by previously reported seed phenotypes of respective null mutations.
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12
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Transcriptome analysis of walnut quality formation and color change mechanism of pellicle during walnut development. Gene Expr Patterns 2022; 45:119260. [PMID: 35760355 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2022.119260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Walnuts (including those covered with a pellicle) are loved for their rich nutritional value. And the popular varieties of walnut cultivation are Juglans sigillata L. The pellicle (seed coat) of these walnut cultivars has different colors and has an indispensable influence on the walnut quality formation. However, there are few reports on the pellicle color and quality formation in different developmental stages of walnut (Juglans sigillata L.). Therefore, in this study, three walnut cultivars (F, Q, and T) with different pellicle colors were selected for transcriptome sequencing and physiological index analysis of the color and quality formation mechanisms at different development stages. The results showed that with the development of walnut fruit, the starch sucrose metabolism pathway in the pellicle was activated and promoted starch hydrolysis. Meanwhile, the expression levels of genes related to the alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathway were significantly increased during walnut maturation, especially in F2. Some physiological indicators related to lipid oxidation were also detected and analyzed in this study, such as MDA, CAT, POD and DPPH. These results were similar to the expression patterns of corresponding regulatory genes in the RNA-Seq profile. In addition, lignin synthesis genes were up-regulated in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway, while key genes enriched in the flavonoid and anthocyanin synthesis pathways were down-regulated. The results were consistent with the results of total anthocyanins and flavonoid content detection during walnut development. Therefore, this experiment suggested that with the maturation of walnut pellicle, the gene expression in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway flowed to the branch of lignin synthesis, especially in the Q variety, resulting in lower flavonoid and anthocyanin content at the maturity stage than immature. This is also the main reason for the pale pellicle of the three walnut varieties after mature. The findings of this study showed that changes in the expression levels of regulating genes for lipid, starch, sugar, and flavonoid synthesis during walnut development influenced the accumulation of the related metabolite for walnut quality formation and pellicle color. The results of this experiment provided the molecular basis and reference for the breeding of high nutritional quality walnut varieties.
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13
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Flütsch S, Horrer D, Santelia D. Starch biosynthesis in guard cells has features of both autotrophic and heterotrophic tissues. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:541-556. [PMID: 35238373 PMCID: PMC9157084 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The pathway of starch synthesis in guard cells (GCs), despite the crucial role starch plays in stomatal movements, is not well understood. Here, we characterized starch dynamics in GCs of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants lacking enzymes of the phosphoglucose isomerase-phosphoglucose mutase-ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase starch synthesis pathway in leaf mesophyll chloroplasts or sugar transporters at the plastid membrane, such as glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocators, which are active in heterotrophic tissues. We demonstrate that GCs have metabolic features of both photoautotrophic and heterotrophic cells. GCs make starch using different carbon precursors depending on the time of day, which can originate both from GC photosynthesis and/or sugars imported from the leaf mesophyll. Furthermore, we unravel the major enzymes involved in GC starch synthesis and demonstrate that they act in a temporal manner according to the fluctuations of stomatal aperture, which is unique for GCs. Our work substantially enhances our knowledge on GC starch metabolism and uncovers targets for manipulating GC starch dynamics to improve stomatal behavior, directly affecting plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Flütsch
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Horrer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Santelia
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Salvi P, Agarrwal R, Gandass N, Manna M, Kaur H, Deshmukh R. Sugar transporters and their molecular tradeoffs during abiotic stress responses in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13652. [PMID: 35174495 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugars as photosynthates are well known as energy providers and as building blocks of various structural components of plant cells, tissues and organs. Additionally, as a part of various sugar signaling pathways, they interact with other cellular machinery and influence many important cellular decisions in plants. Sugar signaling is further reliant on the differential distribution of sugars throughout the plant system. The distribution of sugars from source to sink tissues or within organelles of plant cells is a highly regulated process facilitated by various sugar transporters located in plasma membranes and organelle membranes, respectively. Sugar distribution, as well as signaling, is impacted during unfavorable environments such as extreme temperatures, salt, nutrient scarcity, or drought. Here, we have discussed the mechanism of sugar transport via various types of sugar transporters as well as their differential response during environmental stress exposure. The functional involvement of sugar transporters in plant's abiotic stress tolerance is also discussed. Besides, we have also highlighted the challenges in engineering sugar transporter proteins as well as the undeciphered modules associated with sugar transporters in plants. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on the role and regulation of sugar transporters during abiotic stresses and enables us to target the candidate sugar transporter(s) for crop improvement to develop climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Salvi
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Nishu Gandass
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mrinalini Manna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Harmeet Kaur
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
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15
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Cvetkovic J, Haferkamp I, Rode R, Keller I, Pommerrenig B, Trentmann O, Altensell J, Fischer-Stettler M, Eicke S, Zeeman SC, Neuhaus HE. Ectopic maltase alleviates dwarf phenotype and improves plant frost tolerance of maltose transporter mutants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:315-329. [PMID: 33650638 PMCID: PMC8154053 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Maltose, the major product of starch breakdown in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves, exits the chloroplast via the maltose exporter1 MEX1. Consequently, mex1 loss-of-function plants exhibit substantial maltose accumulation, a starch-excess phenotype and a specific chlorotic phenotype during leaf development. Here, we investigated whether the introduction of an alternative metabolic route could suppress the marked developmental defects typical for mex1 loss-of-function mutants. To this end, we ectopically expressed in mex1 chloroplasts a functional maltase (MAL) from baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, chloroplastidial MAL [cpMAL] mutants). Remarkably, the stromal MAL activity substantially alleviates most phenotypic peculiarities typical for mex1 plants. However, the cpMAL lines contained only slightly less maltose than parental mex1 plants and their starch levels were, surprisingly, even higher. These findings point to a threshold level of maltose responsible for the marked developmental defects in mex1. While growth and flowering time were only slightly retarded, cpMAL lines exhibited a substantially improved frost tolerance, when compared to wild-types. In summary, these results demonstrate the possibility to bypass the MEX1 transporter, allow us to differentiate between possible starch-excess and maltose-excess responses, and demonstrate that stromal maltose accumulation prevents frost defects. The latter insight may be instrumental for the development of crop plants with improved frost tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Cvetkovic
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ilka Haferkamp
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Regina Rode
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Isabel Keller
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Oliver Trentmann
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Altensell
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Simona Eicke
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstr. 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel C Zeeman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstr. 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Author for communication:
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16
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Kleine T, Nägele T, Neuhaus HE, Schmitz-Linneweber C, Fernie AR, Geigenberger P, Grimm B, Kaufmann K, Klipp E, Meurer J, Möhlmann T, Mühlhaus T, Naranjo B, Nickelsen J, Richter A, Ruwe H, Schroda M, Schwenkert S, Trentmann O, Willmund F, Zoschke R, Leister D. Acclimation in plants - the Green Hub consortium. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:23-40. [PMID: 33368770 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation is the capacity to adapt to environmental changes within the lifetime of an individual. This ability allows plants to cope with the continuous variation in ambient conditions to which they are exposed as sessile organisms. Because environmental changes and extremes are becoming even more pronounced due to the current period of climate change, enhancing the efficacy of plant acclimation is a promising strategy for mitigating the consequences of global warming on crop yields. At the cellular level, the chloroplast plays a central role in many acclimation responses, acting both as a sensor of environmental change and as a target of cellular acclimation responses. In this Perspective article, we outline the activities of the Green Hub consortium funded by the German Science Foundation. The main aim of this research collaboration is to understand and strategically modify the cellular networks that mediate plant acclimation to adverse environments, employing Arabidopsis, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Chlamydomonas as model organisms. These efforts will contribute to 'smart breeding' methods designed to create crop plants with improved acclimation properties. To this end, the model oilseed crop Camelina sativa is being used to test modulators of acclimation for their potential to enhance crop yield under adverse environmental conditions. Here we highlight the current state of research on the role of gene expression, metabolism and signalling in acclimation, with a focus on chloroplast-related processes. In addition, further approaches to uncovering acclimation mechanisms derived from systems and computational biology, as well as adaptive laboratory evolution with photosynthetic microbes, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Kleine
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, 82152, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | | | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Plant Metabolism, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, 82152, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kaufmann
- Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Edda Klipp
- Theoretical Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Torsten Möhlmann
- Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Computational Systems Biology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Belen Naranjo
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Molecular Plant Science, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, 82152, Germany
| | - Andreas Richter
- Physiology of Plant Organelles, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Hannes Ruwe
- Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molecular Biotechnology & Systems Biology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Serena Schwenkert
- Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, 82152, Germany
| | - Oliver Trentmann
- Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Felix Willmund
- Molecular Genetics of Eukaryotes, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany
| | - Reimo Zoschke
- Translational Regulation in Plants, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
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17
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Zhang Q, Hua X, Liu H, Yuan Y, Shi Y, Wang Z, Zhang M, Ming R, Zhang J. Evolutionary expansion and functional divergence of sugar transporters in Saccharum (S. spontaneum and S. officinarum). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:884-906. [PMID: 33179305 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sugar transporter (ST) family is considered to be the most important gene family for sugar accumulation, but limited information about the ST family in the important sugar-yielding crop Saccharum is available due to its complex genetic background. Here, 105 ST genes were identified and clustered into eight subfamilies in Saccharum spontaneum. Comparative genomics revealed that tandem duplication events contributed to ST gene expansions of two subfamilies, PLT and STP, in S. spontaneum, indicating an early evolutionary step towards high sugar content in Saccharum. The analyses of expression patterns were based on four large datasets with a total of 226 RNA sequencing samples from S. spontaneum and Saccharum officinarum. The results clearly demonstrated 50 ST genes had different spatiotemporal expression patterns in leaf tissues, 10 STs were specifically expressed in the stem, and 10 STs responded to the diurnal rhythm. Heterologous expression experiments in the defective yeast strain EBY.VW4000 indicated STP13, pGlcT2, VGT3, and TMT4 are the STs with most affinity for glucose/fructose and SUT1_T1 has the highest affinity to sucrose. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis suggested STP7 is a sugar starvation-induced gene and STP13 has a function in retrieving sugar in senescent tissues. PLT11, PLT11_T1, TMT3, and TMT4 contributed to breaking the limitations of the storage sink. SUT1, SUT1_T1, PLT11, TMT4, pGlcT2, and VGT3 responded for different functions in these two Saccharum species. This study demonstrated the evolutionary expansion and functional divergence of the ST gene family and will enable the further investigation of the molecular mechanism of sugar metabolism in Saccharum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiuting Hua
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhengchao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- Guangxi key lab for sugarcane biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Ray Ming
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jisen Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Guangxi key lab for sugarcane biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
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18
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Umer MJ, Bin Safdar L, Gebremeskel H, Zhao S, Yuan P, Zhu H, Kaseb MO, Anees M, Lu X, He N, Gong C, Liu W. Identification of key gene networks controlling organic acid and sugar metabolism during watermelon fruit development by integrating metabolic phenotypes and gene expression profiles. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:193. [PMID: 33328462 PMCID: PMC7705761 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The organoleptic qualities of watermelon fruit are defined by the sugar and organic acid contents, which undergo considerable variations during development and maturation. The molecular mechanisms underlying these variations remain unclear. In this study, we used transcriptome profiles to investigate the coexpression patterns of gene networks associated with sugar and organic acid metabolism. We identified 3 gene networks/modules containing 2443 genes highly correlated with sugars and organic acids. Within these modules, based on intramodular significance and Reverse Transcription Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we identified 7 genes involved in the metabolism of sugars and organic acids. Among these genes, Cla97C01G000640, Cla97C05G087120 and Cla97C01G018840 (r2 = 0.83 with glucose content) were identified as sugar transporters (SWEET, EDR6 and STP) and Cla97C03G064990 (r2 = 0.92 with sucrose content) was identified as a sucrose synthase from information available for other crops. Similarly, Cla97C07G128420, Cla97C03G068240 and Cla97C01G008870, having strong correlations with malic (r2 = 0.75) and citric acid (r2 = 0.85), were annotated as malate and citrate transporters (ALMT7, CS, and ICDH). The expression profiles of these 7 genes in diverse watermelon genotypes revealed consistent patterns of expression variation in various types of watermelon. These findings add significantly to our existing knowledge of sugar and organic acid metabolism in watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jawad Umer
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luqman Bin Safdar
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Haileslassie Gebremeskel
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pingli Yuan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongju Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou, China
| | - M O Kaseb
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Anees
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuqiang Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan He
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengsheng Gong
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou, China.
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19
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Ruibal C, Castro A, Fleitas AL, Quezada J, Quero G, Vidal S. A Chloroplast COR413 Protein From Physcomitrella patens Is Required for Growth Regulation Under High Light and ABA Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:845. [PMID: 32636864 PMCID: PMC7317016 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
COR413 genes belong to a poorly characterized group of plant-specific cold-regulated genes initially identified as part of the transcriptional activation machinery of plants during cold acclimation. They encode multispanning transmembrane proteins predicted to target the plasma membrane or the chloroplast inner membrane. Despite being ubiquitous throughout the plant kingdom, little is known about their biological function. In this study, we used reverse genetics to investigate the relevance of a predicted chloroplast localized COR413 protein (PpCOR413im) from the moss Physcomitrella patens in developmental and abiotic stress responses. Expression of PpCOR413im was strongly induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and by various environmental stimuli, including low temperature, hyperosmosis, salinity and high light. In vivo subcellular localization of PpCOR413im-GFP fusion protein revealed that this protein is localized in chloroplasts, confirming the in silico predictions. Loss-of-function mutants of PpCOR413im exhibited growth and developmental alterations such as growth retardation, reduced caulonema formation and hypersensitivity to ABA. Mutants also displayed altered photochemistry under various abiotic stresses, including dehydration and low temperature, and exhibited a dramatic growth inhibition upon exposure to high light. Disruption of PpCOR413im also caused altered chloroplast ultrastructure, increased ROS accumulation, and enhanced starch and sucrose levels under high light or after ABA treatment. In addition, loss of PpCOR413im affected both nuclear and chloroplast gene expression in response to ABA and high light, suggesting a role for this gene downstream of ABA in the regulation of growth and environmental stress responses. Developmental alterations exhibited by PpCOR413im knockout mutants had remarkable similarities to those exhibited by hxk1, a mutant lacking a major chloroplastic hexokinase, an enzyme involved in energy homeostasis. Based on these findings, we propose that PpCOR413im is involved in coordinating energy metabolism with ABA-mediated growth and developmental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ruibal
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alexandra Castro
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea L. Fleitas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jorge Quezada
- Unidad de Biotecnología Vegetal, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Carrera de Biología – Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Gastón Quero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sabina Vidal
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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20
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Iqbal S, Ni X, Bilal MS, Shi T, Khalil-ur-Rehman M, Zhenpeng P, Jie G, Usman M, Gao Z. Identification and expression profiling of sugar transporter genes during sugar accumulation at different stages of fruit development in apricot. Gene 2020; 742:144584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Komaitis F, Kalliampakou K, Botou M, Nikolaidis M, Kalloniati C, Skliros D, Du B, Rennenberg H, Amoutzias GD, Frillingos S, Flemetakis E. Molecular and physiological characterization of the monosaccharide transporters gene family in Medicago truncatula. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3110-3125. [PMID: 32016431 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Monosaccharide transporters (MSTs) represent key components of the carbon transport and partitioning mechanisms in plants, mediating the cell-to-cell and long-distance distribution of a wide variety of monosaccharides. In this study, we performed a thorough structural, molecular, and physiological characterization of the monosaccharide transporter gene family in the model legume Medicago truncatula. The complete set of MST family members was identified with a novel bioinformatic approach. Prolonged darkness was used as a test condition to identify the relevant transcriptomic and metabolic responses combining MST transcript profiling and metabolomic analysis. Our results suggest that MSTs play a pivotal role in the efficient partitioning and utilization of sugars, and possibly in the mechanisms of carbon remobilization in nodules upon photosynthate-limiting conditions, as nodules are forced to acquire a new role as a source of both C and N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Komaitis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Kalliampakou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Botou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Marios Nikolaidis
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Kalloniati
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Skliros
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Baoguo Du
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Grigoris D Amoutzias
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Stathis Frillingos
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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22
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Trentmann O, Mühlhaus T, Zimmer D, Sommer F, Schroda M, Haferkamp I, Keller I, Pommerrenig B, Neuhaus HE. Identification of Chloroplast Envelope Proteins with Critical Importance for Cold Acclimation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1239-1255. [PMID: 31932409 PMCID: PMC7054872 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of plants to withstand cold temperatures relies on their photosynthetic activity. Thus, the chloroplast is of utmost importance for cold acclimation and acquisition of freezing tolerance. During cold acclimation, the properties of the chloroplast change markedly. To provide the most comprehensive view of the protein repertoire of the chloroplast envelope, we analyzed this membrane system in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Profiling chloroplast envelope membranes was achieved by a cross comparison of protein intensities across the plastid and the enriched membrane fraction under both normal and cold conditions. We used multivariable logistic regression to model the probabilities for the classification of an envelope localization. In total, we identified 38 envelope membrane intrinsic or associated proteins exhibiting altered abundance after cold acclimation. These proteins comprise several solute carriers, such as the ATP/ADP antiporter nucleotide transporter2 (NTT2; substantially increased abundance) or the maltose exporter MEX1 (substantially decreased abundance). Remarkably, analysis of the frost recovery of ntt loss-of-function and mex1 overexpressor mutants confirmed that the comparative proteome is well suited to identify key factors involved in cold acclimation and acquisition of freezing tolerance. Moreover, for proteins with known physiological function, we propose scenarios explaining their possible roles in cold acclimation. Furthermore, spatial proteomics introduces an additional layer of complexity and enables the identification of proteins differentially localized at the envelope membrane under the changing environmental regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Trentmann
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Computational Systems Biology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - David Zimmer
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Computational Systems Biology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ilka Haferkamp
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Isabel Keller
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Horst Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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23
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Liu D, Xu L, Wang W, Jia S, Jin S, Gao J. OsRRM, an RNA-Binding Protein, Modulates Sugar Transport in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:605276. [PMID: 33363560 PMCID: PMC7752781 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.605276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sugar allocation between vegetative and reproductive tissues is vital to plant development, and sugar transporters play fundamental roles in this process. Although several transcription factors have been identified that control their transcription levels, the way in which the expression of sugar transporter genes is controlled at the posttranscriptional level is unknown. In this study, we showed that OsRRM, an RNA-binding protein, modulates sugar allocation in tissues on the source-to-sink route. The OsRRM expression pattern partly resembles that of several sugar transporter and transcription factor genes that specifically affect sugar transporter gene expression. The messenger RNA levels of almost all of the sugar transporter genes are severely reduced in the osrrm mutant, and this alters sugar metabolism and sugar signaling, which further affects plant height, flowering time, seed size, and starch synthesis. We further showed that OsRRM binds directly to messenger RNAs encoded by sugar transporter genes and thus may stabilize their transcripts. Therefore, we have uncovered the physiological function of OsRRM, which sheds new light on sugar metabolism and sugar signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derui Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwen Jia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sukui Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiping Gao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiping Gao,
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24
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Mdodana NT, Jewell JF, Phiri EE, Smith ML, Oberlander K, Mahmoodi S, Kossmann J, Lloyd JR. Mutations in Glucan, Water Dikinase Affect Starch Degradation and Gametophore Development in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15114. [PMID: 31641159 PMCID: PMC6805951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of starch degradation in non-vascular plants is poorly understood. To expand our knowledge of this area, we have studied this process in Physcomitrella patens. This has been achieved through examination of the step known to initiate starch degradation in angiosperms, glucan phosphorylation, catalysed by glucan, water dikinase (GWD) enzymes. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that GWD isoforms can be divided into two clades, one of which contains GWD1/GWD2 and the other GWD3 isoforms. These clades split at a very early stage within plant evolution, as distinct sequences that cluster within each were identified in all major plant lineages. Of the five genes we identified within the Physcomitrella genome that encode GWD-like enzymes, two group within the GWD1/GWD2 clade and the others within the GWD3 clade. Proteins encoded by both loci in the GWD1/GWD2 clade, named PpGWDa and PpGWDb, are localised in plastids. Mutations of either PpGWDa or PpGWDb reduce starch phosphate abundance, however, a mutation at the PpGWDa locus had a much greater influence than one at PpGWDb. Only mutations affecting PpGWDa inhibited starch degradation. Mutants lacking this enzyme also failed to develop gametophores, a phenotype that could be chemically complemented using glucose supplementation within the growth medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntombizanele T Mdodana
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jonathan F Jewell
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ethel E Phiri
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Marthinus L Smith
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Kenneth Oberlander
- Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Saire Mahmoodi
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jens Kossmann
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - James R Lloyd
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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25
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Misra VA, Wafula EK, Wang Y, dePamphilis CW, Timko MP. Genome-wide identification of MST, SUT and SWEET family sugar transporters in root parasitic angiosperms and analysis of their expression during host parasitism. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:196. [PMID: 31088371 PMCID: PMC6515653 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root parasitic weeds are a major constraint to crop production worldwide causing significant yearly losses in yield and economic value. These parasites cause their destruction by attaching to their hosts with a unique organ, the haustorium, that allows them to obtain the nutrients (sugars, amino acids, etc.) needed to complete their lifecycle. Parasitic weeds differ in their nutritional requirements and degree of host dependency and the differential expression of sugar transporters is likely to be a critical component in the parasite's post-attachment survival. RESULTS We identified gene families encoding monosaccharide transporters (MSTs), sucrose transporters (SUTs), and SWEETs (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) in three root-parasitic weeds differing in host dependency: Triphysaria versicolor (facultative hemiparasite), Phelipanche aegyptiaca (holoparasite), and Striga hermonthica (obligate hemiparasite). The phylogenetic relationship and differential expression profiles of these genes throughout parasite development were examined to uncover differences existing among parasites with different levels of host dependence. Differences in estimated gene numbers are found among the three parasites, and orthologs within the different sugar transporter gene families are found to be either conserved among the parasites in their expression profiles throughout development, or to display parasite-specific differences in developmentally-timed expression. For example, MST genes in the pGLT clade express most highly before host connection in Striga and Triphysaria but not Phelipanche, whereas genes in the MST ERD6-like clade are highly expressed in the post-connection growth stages of Phelipanche but highest in the germination and reproduction stages in Striga. Whether such differences reflect changes resulting from differential host dependence levels is not known. CONCLUSIONS While it is tempting to speculate that differences in estimated gene numbers and expression profiles among members of MST, SUT and SWEET gene families in Phelipanche, Striga and Triphysaria reflect the parasites' levels of host dependence, additional evidence that altered transporter gene expression is causative versus consequential is needed. Our findings identify potential targets for directed manipulation that will allow for a better understanding of the nutrient transport process and perhaps a means for controlling the devastating effects of these parasites on crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram A. Misra
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Gilmer Hall 044, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
| | - Eric K. Wafula
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Gilmer Hall 044, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
- Present Address: Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 571 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6848 USA
| | | | - Michael P. Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Gilmer Hall 044, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
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26
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Patzke K, Prananingrum P, Klemens PAW, Trentmann O, Rodrigues CM, Keller I, Fernie AR, Geigenberger P, Bölter B, Lehmann M, Schmitz-Esser S, Pommerrenig B, Haferkamp I, Neuhaus HE. The Plastidic Sugar Transporter pSuT Influences Flowering and Affects Cold Responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:569-587. [PMID: 30482788 PMCID: PMC6426421 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose (Suc) is one of the most important types of sugars in plants, serving inter alia as a long-distance transport molecule, a carbon and energy storage compound, an osmotically active solute, and fuel for many anabolic reactions. Suc biosynthesis and degradation pathways are well known; however, the regulation of Suc intracellular distribution is poorly understood. In particular, the cellular function of chloroplast Suc reserves and the transporters involved in accumulating these substantial Suc levels remain uncharacterized. Here, we characterize the plastidic sugar transporter (pSuT) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which belongs to a subfamily of the monosaccharide transporter-like family. Transport analyses with yeast cells expressing a truncated, vacuole-targeted version of pSuT indicate that both glucose and Suc act as substrates, and nonaqueous fractionation supports a role for pSuT in Suc export from the chloroplast. The latter process is required for a correct transition from vegetative to reproductive growth and influences inflorescence architecture. Moreover, pSuT activity affects freezing-induced electrolyte release. These data further underline the central function of the chloroplast for plant development and the modulation of stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Patzke
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Patrick A W Klemens
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Oliver Trentmann
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Isabel Keller
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institut for Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Biocenter, Department II, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bettina Bölter
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Biocenter, Department II, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Biocenter, Department II, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | - Ilka Haferkamp
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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27
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Hilgers EJA, Schöttler MA, Mettler-Altmann T, Krueger S, Dörmann P, Eicks M, Flügge UI, Häusler RE. The Combined Loss of Triose Phosphate and Xylulose 5-Phosphate/Phosphate Translocators Leads to Severe Growth Retardation and Impaired Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana tpt/xpt Double Mutants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1331. [PMID: 30333839 PMCID: PMC6175978 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The xylulose 5-phosphate/phosphate translocator (XPT) represents the fourth functional member of the phosphate translocator (PT) family residing in the plastid inner envelope membrane. In contrast to the other three members, little is known on the physiological role of the XPT. Based on its major transport substrates (i.e., pentose phosphates) the XPT has been proposed to act as a link between the plastidial and extraplastidial branches of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). As the XPT is also capable of transporting triose phosphates, it might as well support the triose phosphate PT (TPT) in exporting photoassimilates from the chloroplast in the light ('day path of carbon') and hence in supplying the whole plant with carbohydrates. Two independent knockout mutant alleles of the XPT (xpt-1 and xpt-2) lacked any specific phenotype, suggesting that the XPT function is redundant. However, double mutants generated from crossings of xpt-1 to different mutant alleles of the TPT (tpt-1 and tpt-2) were severely retarded in size, exhibited a high chlorophyll fluorescence phenotype, and impaired photosynthetic electron transport rates. In the double mutant the export of triose phosphates from the chloroplasts is completely blocked. Hence, precursors for sucrose biosynthesis derive entirely from starch turnover ('night path of carbon'), which was accompanied by a marked accumulation of maltose as a starch breakdown product. Moreover, pentose phosphates produced by the extraplastidial branch of the OPPP also accumulated in the double mutants. Thus, an active XPT indeed retrieves excessive pentose phosphates from the extra-plastidial space and makes them available to the plastids. Further metabolic profiling revealed that phosphorylated intermediates remained largely unaffected, whereas fumarate and glycine contents were diminished in the double mutants. The assessment of C/N-ratios suggested co-limitations of C- and N-metabolism as possible cause for growth retardation of the double mutants. Feeding of sucrose partially rescued the growth and photosynthesis phenotypes of the double mutants. Immunoblots of thylakoid proteins, spectroscopic determinations of photosynthesis complexes, and chlorophyll a fluorescence emission spectra at 77 Kelvin could only partially explain constrains in photosynthesis observed in the double mutants. The data are discussed together with aspects of the OPPP and central carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke J. A. Hilgers
- Department of Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Stephan Krueger
- Department of Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Molecular Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Department of Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer E. Häusler
- Department of Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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28
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Noronha H, Silva A, Dai Z, Gallusci P, Rombolà AD, Delrot S, Gerós H. A molecular perspective on starch metabolism in woody tissues. PLANTA 2018; 248:559-568. [PMID: 30022278 PMCID: PMC6096779 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of starch synthesis and mobilization in perennial woody tissues is of the utmost scientific and agricultural importance. Starch is the main carbohydrate reserve in plants and is fundamental in human nutrition and several industrial processes. In leaves, starch accumulated during the day is degraded throughout the night and the resulting sugars, glucose and maltose, are exported to the cytosol by the specialized transmembrane translocators pGT and MEX, respectively. Nevertheless, the degradation of the starch granule is a complex process not completely elucidated. While the mechanisms of starch mobilization during germination in the dead endosperm of cereal seeds are well described, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in starch storage in the heterotrophic tissues of woody plants and its utilization in spring and winter are still puzzling. It is known that some biochemical steps of starch synthesis are conserved in heterotrophic tissues and in the leaves, but some aspects are particular to sink organs. From an agronomic standpoint, the knowledge on starch storage and mobilization in woody tissues is pivotal to understand (and to optimize) some common practices in the field that modify source-sink relationships, such as pruning and defoliation. Soluble sugars resulting from starch are also pivotal to cold adaptation, and in several fruits, such as banana and kiwifruit, starch may provide soluble sugars during ripening. In this review, we explore the recent advances on the molecular mechanisms and regulations involved in starch synthesis and mobilization, with a focus on perennial woody tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Noronha
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Angélica Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- UMR EGFV, Bordeaux Science Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave D'Ornon, France
| | - Philippe Gallusci
- UMR EGFV, Bordeaux Science Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave D'Ornon, France
| | - Adamo D Rombolà
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serge Delrot
- UMR EGFV, Bordeaux Science Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave D'Ornon, France
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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Tian L, Liu L, Yin Y, Huang M, Chen Y, Xu X, Wu P, Li M, Wu G, Jiang H, Chen Y. Heterogeneity in the expression and subcellular localization of POLYOL/MONOSACCHARIDE TRANSPORTER genes in Lotus japonicus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185269. [PMID: 28931056 PMCID: PMC5607196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyols can serve as a means for the translocation of carbon skeletons and energy between source and sink organs as well as being osmoprotective solutes and antioxidants which may be involved in the resistance of some plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Polyol/Monosaccharide transporter (PLT) proteins previously identified in plants are involved in the loading of polyols into the phloem and are reported to be located in the plasma membrane. The functions of PLT proteins in leguminous plants are not yet clear. In this study, a total of 14 putative PLT genes (LjPLT1-14) were identified in the genome of Lotus japonicus and divided into 4 clades based on phylogenetic analysis. Different patterns of expression of LjPLT genes in various tissues were validated by qRT-PCR analysis. Four genes (LjPLT3, 4, 11, and 14) from clade II were expressed at much higher levels in nodule than in other tissues. Moreover, three of these genes (LjPLT3, 4, and 14) showed significantly increased expression in roots after inoculation with Mesorhizobium loti. Three genes (LjPLT1, 3, and 9) responded when salinity and/or osmotic stresses were applied to L. japonicus. Transient expression of GFP-LjPLT fusion constructs in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts indicated that the LjPLT1, LjPLT6 and LjPLT7 proteins are localized to the plasma membrane, but LjPLT2 (clade IV), LjPLT3, 4, 5 (clade II) and LjPLT8 (clade III) proteins possibly reside in the Golgi apparatus. The results suggest that members of the LjPLT gene family may be involved in different biological processes, several of which may potentially play roles in nodulation in this nitrogen-fixing legume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Leru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yehu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mingchao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinlan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pingzhi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Meiru Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guojiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huawu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail:
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30
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MacNeill GJ, Mehrpouyan S, Minow MAA, Patterson JA, Tetlow IJ, Emes MJ. Starch as a source, starch as a sink: the bifunctional role of starch in carbon allocation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4433-4453. [PMID: 28981786 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Starch commands a central role in the carbon budget of the majority of plants on earth, and its biological role changes during development and in response to the environment. Throughout the life of a plant, starch plays a dual role in carbon allocation, acting as both a source, releasing carbon reserves in leaves for growth and development, and as a sink, either as a dedicated starch store in its own right (in seeds and tubers), or as a temporary reserve of carbon contributing to sink strength, in organs such as flowers, fruits, and developing non-starchy seeds. The presence of starch in tissues and organs thus has a profound impact on the physiology of the growing plant as its synthesis and degradation governs the availability of free sugars, which in turn control various growth and developmental processes. This review attempts to summarize the large body of information currently available on starch metabolism and its relationship to wider aspects of carbon metabolism and plant nutrition. It highlights gaps in our knowledge and points to research areas that show promise for bioengineering and manipulation of starch metabolism in order to achieve more desirable phenotypes such as increased yield or plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J MacNeill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sahar Mehrpouyan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mark A A Minow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jenelle A Patterson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ian J Tetlow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michael J Emes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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31
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Malinova I, Alseekh S, Feil R, Fernie AR, Baumann O, Schöttler MA, Lunn JE, Fettke J. Starch Synthase 4 and Plastidal Phosphorylase Differentially Affect Starch Granule Number and Morphology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:73-85. [PMID: 28275148 PMCID: PMC5411139 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The process of starch granule formation in leaves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is obscure. Besides STARCH SYNTHASE4 (SS4), the PLASTIDIAL PHOSPHORYLASE (PHS1) also seems to be involved, since dpe2-1/phs1a double mutants lacking both PHS1 and the cytosolic DISPROPORTIONATING ENZYME2 (DPE2) displayed only one starch granule per chloroplast under normal growth conditions. For further studies, a dpe2-1/phs1a/ss4 triple mutant and various combinations of double mutants were generated and metabolically analyzed with a focus on starch metabolism. The dpe2-1/phs1a/ss4 mutant revealed a massive starch excess phenotype. Furthermore, these plants grown under 12 h of light/12 h of dark harbored a single large and spherical starch granule per plastid. The number of starch granules was constant when the light/dark regime was altered, but this was not observed in the parental lines. With regard to growth, photosynthetic parameters, and metabolic analyses, the triple mutant additionally displayed alterations in comparison with ss4 and dpe2-1/phs1a The results clearly illustrate that PHS1 and SS4 are differently involved in starch granule formation and do not act in series. However, SS4 appears to exert a stronger influence. In connection with the characterized double mutants, we discuss the generation of starch granules and the observed formation of spherical starch granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Malinova
- Biopolymer Analytics (I.M., J.F.) and Zoophysiology (O.B.), Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; and
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (S.A., R.F., A.R.F., M.A.S., J.E.L.)
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Biopolymer Analytics (I.M., J.F.) and Zoophysiology (O.B.), Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; and
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (S.A., R.F., A.R.F., M.A.S., J.E.L.)
| | - Regina Feil
- Biopolymer Analytics (I.M., J.F.) and Zoophysiology (O.B.), Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; and
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (S.A., R.F., A.R.F., M.A.S., J.E.L.)
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Biopolymer Analytics (I.M., J.F.) and Zoophysiology (O.B.), Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; and
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (S.A., R.F., A.R.F., M.A.S., J.E.L.)
| | - Otto Baumann
- Biopolymer Analytics (I.M., J.F.) and Zoophysiology (O.B.), Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; and
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (S.A., R.F., A.R.F., M.A.S., J.E.L.)
| | - Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Biopolymer Analytics (I.M., J.F.) and Zoophysiology (O.B.), Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; and
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (S.A., R.F., A.R.F., M.A.S., J.E.L.)
| | - John E Lunn
- Biopolymer Analytics (I.M., J.F.) and Zoophysiology (O.B.), Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; and
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (S.A., R.F., A.R.F., M.A.S., J.E.L.)
| | - Joerg Fettke
- Biopolymer Analytics (I.M., J.F.) and Zoophysiology (O.B.), Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; and
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (S.A., R.F., A.R.F., M.A.S., J.E.L.)
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32
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Ma Y, Shukla V, Merewitz EB. Transcriptome analysis of creeping bentgrass exposed to drought stress and polyamine treatment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175848. [PMID: 28445484 PMCID: PMC5406032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Creeping bentgrass is an important cool-season turfgrass species sensitive to drought. Treatment with polyamines (PAs) has been shown to improve drought tolerance; however, the mechanism is not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate transcriptome changes of creeping bentgrass in response to drought and exogenous spermidine (Spd) application using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The high-quality sequences were assembled and 18,682 out of 49,190 (38%) were detected as coding sequences. A total of 22% and 19% of genes were found to be either up- or down-regulated due to drought while 20% and 34% genes were either up- or down- regulated in response to Spd application under drought conditions, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and enrichment analysis were used to interpret the biological processes of transcripts and relative transcript abundance. Enriched or differentially expressed transcripts due to drought stress and/or Spd application were primarily associated with energy metabolism, transport, antioxidants, photosynthesis, signaling, stress defense, and cellular response to water deprivation. This research is the first to provide transcriptome data for creeping bentgrass under an abiotic stress using RNA-Seq analysis. Differentially expressed transcripts identified here could be further investigated for use as molecular markers or for functional analysis in responses to drought and Spd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Ma
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Vijaya Shukla
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Emily B. Merewitz
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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33
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Li J, Zhou W, Francisco P, Wong R, Zhang D, Smith SM. Inhibition of Arabidopsis chloroplast β-amylase BAM3 by maltotriose suggests a mechanism for the control of transitory leaf starch mobilisation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172504. [PMID: 28225829 PMCID: PMC5321445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Starch breakdown in leaves at night is tightly matched to the duration of the dark period, but the mechanism by which this regulation is achieved is unknown. In Arabidopsis chloroplasts, β-amylase BAM3 hydrolyses transitory starch, producing maltose and residual maltotriose. The aim of the current research was to investigate the regulatory and kinetic properties of BAM3. The BAM3 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and first assayed using a model substrate. Enzyme activity was stimulated by treatment with dithiothreitol and was increased 40% by 2–10 μM Ca2+ but did not require Mg2+. In order to investigate substrate specificity and possible regulatory effects of glucans, we developed a GC-MS method to assay reaction products. BAM3 readily hydrolysed maltohexaose with a Km of 1.7 mM and Kcat of 4300 s-1 but activity was 3.4-fold lower with maltopentaose and was negligible with maltotetraose. With maltohexaose or amylopectin as substrates and using [UL-13C12]maltose in an isotopic dilution method, we discovered that BAM3 activity is inhibited by maltotriose at physiological (mM) concentrations, but not by maltose. In contrast, the extracellular β-amylase of barley is only weakly inhibited by maltotriose. Our results may explain the impaired starch breakdown in maltotriose-accumulating mutants such as dpe1 which lacks the chloroplast disproportionating enzyme (DPE1) metabolising maltotriose to glucose. We hypothesise that the rate of starch breakdown in leaves can be regulated by inhibition of BAM3 by maltotriose, the concentration of which is determined by DPE, which is in turn influenced by the stromal concentration of glucose. Since the plastid glucose transporter pGlcT catalyses facilitated diffusion between stroma and cytosol, changes in consumption of glucose in the cytosol are expected to lead to concomitant changes in plastid glucose and maltotriose, and hence compensatory changes in BAM3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wenxu Zhou
- Centre for Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Perigio Francisco
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Russell Wong
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dongke Zhang
- Centre for Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steven M. Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
- * E-mail:
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34
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Li S, Wei X, Ren Y, Qiu J, Jiao G, Guo X, Tang S, Wan J, Hu P. OsBT1 encodes an ADP-glucose transporter involved in starch synthesis and compound granule formation in rice endosperm. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40124. [PMID: 28054650 PMCID: PMC5215005 DOI: 10.1038/srep40124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Starch is the main storage carbohydrate in higher plants. Although several enzymes and regulators for starch biosynthesis have been characterized, a complete regulatory network for starch synthesis in cereal seeds remains elusive. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the rice Brittle1 (OsBT1) gene, which is expressed specifically in the developing endosperm. The osbt1 mutant showed a white-core endosperm and a significantly lower grain weight than the wild-type. The formation and development of compound starch granules in osbt1 was obviously defective: the amyloplast was disintegrated at early developmental stages and the starch granules were disperse and not compound in the endosperm cells in the centre region of osbt1 seeds. The total starch content and amylose content was decreased and the physicochemical properties of starch were altered. Moreover, the degree of polymerization (DP) of amylopectin in osbt1 was remarkably different from that of wild-type. Map-based cloning of OsBT1 indicated that it encodes a putatively ADP-glucose transporter. OsBT1 coded protein localizes in the amyloplast envelope membrane. Furthermore, the expression of starch synthesis related genes was also altered in the osbt1 mutant. These findings indicate that OsBT1 plays an important role in starch synthesis and the formation of compound starch granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
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35
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Sánchez-López ÁM, Bahaji A, De Diego N, Baslam M, Li J, Muñoz FJ, Almagro G, García-Gómez P, Ameztoy K, Ricarte-Bermejo A, Novák O, Humplík JF, Spíchal L, Doležal K, Ciordia S, Mena MC, Navajas R, Baroja-Fernández E, Pozueta-Romero J. Arabidopsis Responds to Alternaria alternata Volatiles by Triggering Plastid Phosphoglucose Isomerase-Independent Mechanisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1989-2001. [PMID: 27663407 PMCID: PMC5100789 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds (VCs) emitted by phylogenetically diverse microorganisms (including plant pathogens and microbes that do not normally interact mutualistically with plants) promote photosynthesis, growth, and the accumulation of high levels of starch in leaves through cytokinin (CK)-regulated processes. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants not exposed to VCs, plastidic phosphoglucose isomerase (pPGI) acts as an important determinant of photosynthesis and growth, likely as a consequence of its involvement in the synthesis of plastidic CKs in roots. Moreover, this enzyme plays an important role in connecting the Calvin-Benson cycle with the starch biosynthetic pathway in leaves. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in the responses of plants to microbial VCs and to investigate the extent of pPGI involvement, we characterized pPGI-null pgi1-2 Arabidopsis plants cultured in the presence or absence of VCs emitted by Alternaria alternata We found that volatile emissions from this fungal phytopathogen promote growth, photosynthesis, and the accumulation of plastidic CKs in pgi1-2 leaves. Notably, the mesophyll cells of pgi1-2 leaves accumulated exceptionally high levels of starch following VC exposure. Proteomic analyses revealed that VCs promote global changes in the expression of proteins involved in photosynthesis, starch metabolism, and growth that can account for the observed responses in pgi1-2 plants. The overall data show that Arabidopsis plants can respond to VCs emitted by phytopathogenic microorganisms by triggering pPGI-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela María Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Jun Li
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Pablo García-Gómez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Kinia Ameztoy
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Adriana Ricarte-Bermejo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Jan F Humplík
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Karel Doležal
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - María Carmen Mena
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Rosana Navajas
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, Spain (A.M.S.-L., A.B., M.B., J.L., F.J.M., G.A., P.G.-G., K.A., A.R.-B., E.B.-F., J.P.-R.);
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (N.D.D., J.F.H., L.S., K.D.);
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic (O.N., K.D.); and
- Unidad de Proteómica Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain (S.C., M.C.M., R.N.)
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Harsman A, Schock A, Hemmis B, Wahl V, Jeshen I, Bartsch P, Schlereth A, Pertl-Obermeyer H, Goetze TA, Soll J, Philippar K, Wagner R. OEP40, a Regulated Glucose-permeable β-Barrel Solute Channel in the Chloroplast Outer Envelope Membrane. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17848-60. [PMID: 27339897 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are unique endosymbiotic cellular organelles surrounded by two membranes. Essential metabolic networking between these compartments and their hosting cells requires the exchange of a large number of biochemical pathway intermediates in a directed and coordinated fashion across their inner and outer envelope membranes. Here, we describe the identification and functional characterization of a highly specific, regulated solute channel in the outer envelope of chloroplasts, named OEP40. Loss of OEP40 function in Arabidopsis thaliana results in early flowering under cold temperature. The reconstituted recombinant OEP40 protein forms a high conductance β-barrel ion channel with subconductant states in planar lipid bilayers. The OEP40 channel is slightly cation-selective PK+/PCl- ≈ 4:1 and rectifying (i⃗/i⃖ ≅ 2) with a slope conductance of Ḡmax ≅ 690 picosiemens. The OEP40 channel has a restriction zone diameter of ≅1.4 nm and is permeable for glucose, glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate, but not for maltose. Moreover, channel properties are regulated by trehalose 6-phosphate, which cannot permeate. Altogether, our results indicate that OEP40 is a "glucose-gate" in the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts, facilitating selective metabolite exchange between chloroplasts and the surrounding cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Harsman
- From the Institute of Biophysics, Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück
| | - Annette Schock
- the Chair of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Department Biology I-Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, the Munich Centre for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, D-81377 München, and
| | - Birgit Hemmis
- From the Institute of Biophysics, Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück
| | - Vanessa Wahl
- the Department of Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ingrid Jeshen
- the Chair of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Department Biology I-Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, the Munich Centre for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, D-81377 München, and
| | - Philipp Bartsch
- From the Institute of Biophysics, Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück
| | - Armin Schlereth
- the Department of Metabolic Networks, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heidi Pertl-Obermeyer
- the Chair of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Department Biology I-Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, the Munich Centre for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, D-81377 München, and
| | - Tom Alexander Goetze
- the Chair of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Department Biology I-Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, the Munich Centre for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, D-81377 München, and
| | - Jürgen Soll
- the Chair of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Department Biology I-Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, the Munich Centre for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, D-81377 München, and
| | - Katrin Philippar
- the Chair of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Department Biology I-Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Grosshadernerstrasse 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, the Munich Centre for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, D-81377 München, and
| | - Richard Wagner
- From the Institute of Biophysics, Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 13, 49076 Osnabrück,
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Wang J, Yu Q, Xiong H, Wang J, Chen S, Yang Z, Dai S. Proteomic Insight into the Response of Arabidopsis Chloroplasts to Darkness. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154235. [PMID: 27137770 PMCID: PMC4854468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast function in photosynthesis is essential for plant growth and development. It is well-known that chloroplasts respond to various light conditions. However, it remains poorly understood about how chloroplasts respond to darkness. In this study, we found 81 darkness-responsive proteins in Arabidopsis chloroplasts under 8 h darkness treatment. Most of the proteins are nucleus-encoded, indicating that chloroplast darkness response is closely regulated by the nucleus. Among them, 17 ribosome proteins were obviously reduced after darkness treatment. The protein expressional patterns and physiological changes revealed the mechanisms in chloroplasts in response to darkness, e.g., (1) inhibition of photosystem II resulted in preferential cyclic electron flow around PSI; (2) promotion of starch degradation; (3) inhibition of chloroplastic translation; and (4) regulation by redox and jasmonate signaling. The results have improved our understanding of molecular regulatory mechanisms in chloroplasts under darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Mathematics, College of Mathematics and Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Plant Gene Function, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qingbo Yu
- Institute of Plant Gene Function, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Xiong
- Institute of Plant Gene Function, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Mathematics, College of Mathematics and Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Program, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Zhongnan Yang
- Institute of Plant Gene Function, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Yang C, Tian Z, Li J. AtSWEET4, a hexose facilitator, mediates sugar transport to axial sinks and affects plant development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24563. [PMID: 27102826 PMCID: PMC4840376 DOI: 10.1038/srep24563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants transport photoassimilates from source organs to sink tissues through the phloem translocation pathway. In the transport phloem, sugars that escape from the sieve tubes are released into the apoplasmic space between the sieve element/companion cell complex (SE/CC) and phloem parenchyma cells (PPCs) during the process of long-distance transport. The competition for sugar acquisition between SE/CC and adjoining PPCs is mediated by plasma membrane translocators. YFP-tagged AtSWEET4 protein is localized in the plasma membrane, and PromoterAtSWEET4-GUS analysis showed that AtSWEET4 is expressed in the stele of roots and veins of leaves and flowers. Overexpression of AtSWEET4 in Arabidopsis increases plant size and accumulates more glucose and fructose. By contrast, knock-down of AtSWEET4 by RNA-interference leads to small plant size, reduction in glucose and fructose contents, chlorosis in the leaf vein network, and reduction in chlorophyll content in leaves. Yeast assays demonstrated that AtSWEET4 is able to complement both fructose and glucose transport deficiency. Transgenic plants of AtSWEET4 overexpression exhibit higher freezing tolerance and support more growth of bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121. We conclude that AtSWEET4 plays an important role in mediating sugar transport in axial tissues during plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhihong Tian
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jianxiong Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.,College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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Brilhaus D, Bräutigam A, Mettler-Altmann T, Winter K, Weber APM. Reversible Burst of Transcriptional Changes during Induction of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in Talinum triangulare. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:102-22. [PMID: 26530316 PMCID: PMC4704576 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought tolerance is a key factor for agriculture in the 21st century as it is a major determinant of plant survival in natural ecosystems as well as crop productivity. Plants have evolved a range of mechanisms to cope with drought, including a specialized type of photosynthesis termed Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). CAM is associated with stomatal closure during the day as atmospheric CO2 is assimilated primarily during the night, thus reducing transpirational water loss. The tropical herbaceous perennial species Talinum triangulare is capable of transitioning, in a facultative, reversible manner, from C3 photosynthesis to weakly expressed CAM in response to drought stress. The transcriptional regulation of this transition has been studied. Combining mRNA-Seq with targeted metabolite measurements, we found highly elevated levels of CAM-cycle enzyme transcripts and their metabolic products in T. triangulare leaves upon water deprivation. The carbohydrate metabolism is rewired to reduce the use of reserves for growth to support the CAM-cycle and the synthesis of compatible solutes. This large-scale expression dataset of drought-induced CAM demonstrates transcriptional regulation of the C3-CAM transition. We identified candidate transcription factors to mediate this photosynthetic plasticity, which may contribute in the future to the design of more drought-tolerant crops via engineered CAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Brilhaus
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany (D.B., A.B., T.M.-A., A.P.M.W.); and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama (K.W.)
| | - Andrea Bräutigam
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany (D.B., A.B., T.M.-A., A.P.M.W.); and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama (K.W.)
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany (D.B., A.B., T.M.-A., A.P.M.W.); and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama (K.W.)
| | - Klaus Winter
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany (D.B., A.B., T.M.-A., A.P.M.W.); and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama (K.W.)
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany (D.B., A.B., T.M.-A., A.P.M.W.); and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama (K.W.)
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40
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Global Transcriptome Profiles of 'Meyer' Zoysiagrass in Response to Cold Stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131153. [PMID: 26115186 PMCID: PMC4482698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A long green period is essential for a turfgrass species with high ornamental value and a wide area of use. Zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp. Willd.) are perennial turfgrass species popular in tropical, subtropical and temperate zones, possessing many properties necessary to be economically useful turfgrass. They do not have a long green period because of cold sensitivity. A main focus in zoysiagrass research is to develop cold tolerant cultivars. Understanding the cold response in zoysiagrass is a fundamental area of research. In the present study, ‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica), a widely cultivated variety in the genus, is used. We employed RNA-Seq to investigate genome-wide gene expression profiles in leaves under cold stress (4°C). Using the Illumina sequencing platform, we obtained approximately 206 million high-quality paired-end reads from three libraries (0 h, 2 h, and 72 h cold treatment at 4°C). After de novo assembly and quantitative assessment, 46,412 unigenes were generated with an average length of 998 bp and an N50 of 1,522 bp. A total of 25,644 (55.2%) unigenes were annotated by alignment with public protein databases including NR, SwissProt, KEGG and KOG. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were investigated using the RPKM method. A total of 756 DEGs were identified between 0h and 2h-cold treatment, with 522 up-regulated and 234 down-regulated; and 5327 DEGs were identified between 0h and 72h-cold treatment, with 2453 up-regulated and 2874 down-regulated. The expression profile of 15 DEGs selected randomly was confirmed with qRT-PCR. The results suggest that cold stress can induce desiccation and oxidative stress, inhibit photosynthesis and substance transport. In response to the stress, genes involved in proline synthesis, in starch hydrolysis, in methionine and ascorbic acid metabolism, in SOD activity, and in DREBs response pathway were up-regulated. GA metabolism, ABA and JA stimulus response were affected under cold exposure. This is the first transcriptome sequencing of Z. japonica, providing a large set of sequence data as well as gene expression profiles under cold stress. It will improve our current understanding of the cold response of zoysiagrass and be beneficial in breeding research.
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Schöttler MA, Tóth SZ, Boulouis A, Kahlau S. Photosynthetic complex stoichiometry dynamics in higher plants: biogenesis, function, and turnover of ATP synthase and the cytochrome b6f complex. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2373-400. [PMID: 25540437 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
During plant development and in response to fluctuating environmental conditions, large changes in leaf assimilation capacity and in the metabolic consumption of ATP and NADPH produced by the photosynthetic apparatus can occur. To minimize cytotoxic side reactions, such as the production of reactive oxygen species, photosynthetic electron transport needs to be adjusted to the metabolic demand. The cytochrome b6f complex and chloroplast ATP synthase form the predominant sites of photosynthetic flux control. Accordingly, both respond strongly to changing environmental conditions and metabolic states. Usually, their contents are strictly co-regulated. Thereby, the capacity for proton influx into the lumen, which is controlled by electron flux through the cytochrome b6f complex, is balanced with proton efflux through ATP synthase, which drives ATP synthesis. We discuss the environmental, systemic, and metabolic signals triggering the stoichiometry adjustments of ATP synthase and the cytochrome b6f complex. The contribution of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of subunit synthesis, and the importance of auxiliary proteins required for complex assembly in achieving the stoichiometry adjustments is described. Finally, current knowledge on the stability and turnover of both complexes is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Szilvia Z Tóth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alix Boulouis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sabine Kahlau
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Bahaji A, Sánchez-López ÁM, De Diego N, Muñoz FJ, Baroja-Fernández E, Li J, Ricarte-Bermejo A, Baslam M, Aranjuelo I, Almagro G, Humplík JF, Novák O, Spíchal L, Doležal K, Pozueta-Romero J. Plastidic phosphoglucose isomerase is an important determinant of starch accumulation in mesophyll cells, growth, photosynthetic capacity, and biosynthesis of plastidic cytokinins in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119641. [PMID: 25811607 PMCID: PMC4374969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) catalyzes the reversible isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate. It is involved in glycolysis and in the regeneration of glucose-6-P molecules in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). In chloroplasts of illuminated mesophyll cells PGI also connects the Calvin-Benson cycle with the starch biosynthetic pathway. In this work we isolated pgi1-3, a mutant totally lacking pPGI activity as a consequence of aberrant intron splicing of the pPGI encoding gene, PGI1. Starch content in pgi1-3 source leaves was ca. 10-15% of that of wild type (WT) leaves, which was similar to that of leaves of pgi1-2, a T-DNA insertion pPGI null mutant. Starch deficiency of pgi1 leaves could be reverted by the introduction of a sex1 null mutation impeding β-amylolytic starch breakdown. Although previous studies showed that starch granules of pgi1-2 leaves are restricted to both bundle sheath cells adjacent to the mesophyll and stomata guard cells, microscopy analyses carried out in this work revealed the presence of starch granules in the chloroplasts of pgi1-2 and pgi1-3 mesophyll cells. RT-PCR analyses showed high expression levels of plastidic and extra-plastidic β-amylase encoding genes in pgi1 leaves, which was accompanied by increased β-amylase activity. Both pgi1-2 and pgi1-3 mutants displayed slow growth and reduced photosynthetic capacity phenotypes even under continuous light conditions. Metabolic analyses revealed that the adenylate energy charge and the NAD(P)H/NAD(P) ratios in pgi1 leaves were lower than those of WT leaves. These analyses also revealed that the content of plastidic 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP)-pathway derived cytokinins (CKs) in pgi1 leaves were exceedingly lower than in WT leaves. Noteworthy, exogenous application of CKs largely reverted the low starch content phenotype of pgi1 leaves. The overall data show that pPGI is an important determinant of photosynthesis, energy status, growth and starch accumulation in mesophyll cells likely as a consequence of its involvement in the production of OPPP/glycolysis intermediates necessary for the synthesis of plastidic MEP-pathway derived hormones such as CKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
| | - Ángela M. Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco J. Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
| | - Jun Li
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
| | - Adriana Ricarte-Bermejo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Plant Biology and Ecology Department, Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
| | - Jan F. Humplík
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Plant Biology and Ecology Department, Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Karel Doležal
- Plant Biology and Ecology Department, Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
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Reduction of the cytosolic phosphoglucomutase in Arabidopsis reveals impact on plant growth, seed and root development, and carbohydrate partitioning. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112468. [PMID: 25401493 PMCID: PMC4234415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) catalyses the interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and exists as plastidial (pPGM) and cytosolic (cPGM) isoforms. The plastidial isoform is essential for transitory starch synthesis in chloroplasts of leaves, whereas the cytosolic counterpart is essential for glucose phosphate partitioning and, therefore, for syntheses of sucrose and cell wall components. In Arabidopsis two cytosolic isoforms (PGM2 and PGM3) exist. Both PGM2 and PGM3 are redundant in function as single mutants reveal only small or no alterations compared to wild type with respect to plant primary metabolism. So far, there are no reports of Arabidopsis plants lacking the entire cPGM or total PGM activity, respectively. Therefore, amiRNA transgenic plants were generated and used for analyses of various parameters such as growth, development, and starch metabolism. The lack of the entire cPGM activity resulted in a strongly reduced growth revealed by decreased rosette fresh weight, shorter roots, and reduced seed production compared to wild type. By contrast content of starch, sucrose, maltose and cell wall components were significantly increased. The lack of both cPGM and pPGM activities in Arabidopsis resulted in dwarf growth, prematurely die off, and inability to develop a functional inflorescence. The combined results are discussed in comparison to potato, the only described mutant with lack of total PGM activity.
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Kunz HH, Zamani-Nour S, Häusler RE, Ludewig K, Schroeder JI, Malinova I, Fettke J, Flügge UI, Gierth M. Loss of cytosolic phosphoglucose isomerase affects carbohydrate metabolism in leaves and is essential for fertility of Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:753-65. [PMID: 25104722 PMCID: PMC4213106 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.241091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate metabolism in plants is tightly linked to photosynthesis and is essential for energy and carbon skeleton supply of the entire organism. Thus, the hexose phosphate pools of the cytosol and the chloroplast represent important metabolic resources that are maintained through action of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) and phosphoglucose mutase interconverting glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, and glucose 1-phosphate. Here, we investigated the impact of disrupted cytosolic PGI (cPGI) function on plant viability and metabolism. Overexpressing an artificial microRNA targeted against cPGI (amiR-cpgi) resulted in adult plants with vegetative tissue essentially free of cPGI activity. These plants displayed diminished growth compared with the wild type and accumulated excess starch in chloroplasts but maintained low sucrose content in leaves at the end of the night. Moreover, amiR-cpgi plants exhibited increased nonphotochemical chlorophyll a quenching during photosynthesis. In contrast to amiR-cpgi plants, viable transfer DNA insertion mutants disrupted in cPGI function could only be identified as heterozygous individuals. However, homozygous transfer DNA insertion mutants could be isolated among plants ectopically expressing cPGI. Intriguingly, these plants were only fertile when expression was driven by the ubiquitin10 promoter but sterile when the seed-specific unknown seed protein promoter or the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were employed. These data show that metabolism is apparently able to compensate for missing cPGI activity in adult amiR-cpgi plants and indicate an essential function for cPGI in plant reproduction. Moreover, our data suggest a feedback regulation in amiR-cpgi plants that fine-tunes cytosolic sucrose metabolism with plastidic starch turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Henning Kunz
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany (H.-H.K., S.Z.-N., R.E.H., K.L., U.-I.F., M.G.);Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 (J.I.S.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Golm, Germany (I.M., J.F.)
| | - Shirin Zamani-Nour
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany (H.-H.K., S.Z.-N., R.E.H., K.L., U.-I.F., M.G.);Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 (J.I.S.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Golm, Germany (I.M., J.F.)
| | - Rainer E Häusler
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany (H.-H.K., S.Z.-N., R.E.H., K.L., U.-I.F., M.G.);Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 (J.I.S.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Golm, Germany (I.M., J.F.)
| | - Katja Ludewig
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany (H.-H.K., S.Z.-N., R.E.H., K.L., U.-I.F., M.G.);Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 (J.I.S.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Golm, Germany (I.M., J.F.)
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany (H.-H.K., S.Z.-N., R.E.H., K.L., U.-I.F., M.G.);Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 (J.I.S.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Golm, Germany (I.M., J.F.)
| | - Irina Malinova
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany (H.-H.K., S.Z.-N., R.E.H., K.L., U.-I.F., M.G.);Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 (J.I.S.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Golm, Germany (I.M., J.F.)
| | - Joerg Fettke
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany (H.-H.K., S.Z.-N., R.E.H., K.L., U.-I.F., M.G.);Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 (J.I.S.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Golm, Germany (I.M., J.F.)
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany (H.-H.K., S.Z.-N., R.E.H., K.L., U.-I.F., M.G.);Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 (J.I.S.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Golm, Germany (I.M., J.F.)
| | - Markus Gierth
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany (H.-H.K., S.Z.-N., R.E.H., K.L., U.-I.F., M.G.);Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 (J.I.S.); andInstitute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Golm, Germany (I.M., J.F.)
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Häusler RE, Heinrichs L, Schmitz J, Flügge UI. How sugars might coordinate chloroplast and nuclear gene expression during acclimation to high light intensities. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1121-37. [PMID: 25006007 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The concept of retrograde control of nuclear gene expression assumes the generation of signals inside the chloroplasts, which are either released from or sensed inside of the organelle. In both cases, downstream signaling pathways lead eventually to a differential regulation of nuclear gene expression and the production of proteins required in the chloroplast. This concept appears reasonable as the majority of the over 3000 predicted plastidial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes. Hence, the nucleus needs information on the status of the chloroplasts, such as during acclimation responses, which trigger massive changes in the protein composition of the thylakoid membrane and in the stroma. Here, we propose an additional control mechanism of nuclear- and plastome-encoded photosynthesis genes, taking advantage of pathways involved in sugar- or hormonal signaling. Sugars are major end products of photosynthesis and their contents respond very sensitively to changes in light intensities. Based on recent findings, we ask the question as to whether the carbohydrate status outside the chloroplast can be directly sensed within the chloroplast stroma. Sugars might synchronize the responsiveness of both genomes and thereby help to coordinate the expression of plastome- and nuclear-encoded photosynthesis genes in concert with other, more specific retrograde signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer E Häusler
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Luisa Heinrichs
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany Present address: Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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Reuscher S, Akiyama M, Yasuda T, Makino H, Aoki K, Shibata D, Shiratake K. The sugar transporter inventory of tomato: genome-wide identification and expression analysis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:1123-41. [PMID: 24833026 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The mobility of sugars between source and sink tissues in plants depends on sugar transport proteins. Studying the corresponding genes allows the manipulation of the sink strength of developing fruits, thereby improving fruit quality for human consumption. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is both a major horticultural crop and a model for the development of fleshy fruits. In this article we provide a comprehensive inventory of tomato sugar transporters, including the SUCROSE TRANSPORTER family, the SUGAR TRANSPORTER PROTEIN family, the SUGAR FACILITATOR PROTEIN family, the POLYOL/MONOSACCHARIDE TRANSPORTER family, the INOSITOL TRANSPORTER family, the PLASTIDIC GLUCOSE TRANSLOCATOR family, the TONOPLAST MONOSACCHARIDE TRANSPORTER family and the VACUOLAR GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER family. Expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing and phylogenetic analyses established a nomenclature for all analyzed tomato sugar transporters. In total we identified 52 genes in tomato putatively encoding sugar transporters. The expression of 29 sugar transporter genes in vegetative tissues and during fruit development was analyzed. Several sugar transporter genes were expressed in a tissue- or developmental stage-specific manner. This information will be helpful to better understand source to sink movement of photoassimilates in tomato. Identification of fruit-specific sugar transporters might be a first step to find novel genes contributing to tomato fruit sugar accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reuscher
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 JapanThese authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Masahito Akiyama
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 JapanThese authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tomohide Yasuda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Haruko Makino
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Koh Aoki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho, Sakai, 599-8531 Japan
| | - Daisuke Shibata
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, 292-0818 Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Shiratake
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
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Wei X, Liu F, Chen C, Ma F, Li M. The Malus domestica sugar transporter gene family: identifications based on genome and expression profiling related to the accumulation of fruit sugars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:569. [PMID: 25414708 PMCID: PMC4220645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In plants, sugar transporters are involved not only in long-distance transport, but also in sugar accumulations in sink cells. To identify members of sugar transporter gene families and to analyze their function in fruit sugar accumulation, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the Malus domestica genome. Expression profiling was performed with shoot tips, mature leaves, and developed fruit of "Gala" apple. Genes for sugar alcohol [including 17 sorbitol transporters (SOTs)], sucrose, and monosaccharide transporters, plus SWEET genes, were selected as candidates in 31, 9, 50, and 27 loci, respectively, of the genome. The monosaccharide transporter family appears to include five subfamilies (30 MdHTs, 8 MdEDR6s, 5 MdTMTs, 3 MdvGTs, and 4 MdpGLTs). Phylogenetic analysis of the protein sequences indicated that orthologs exist among Malus, Vitis, and Arabidopsis. Investigations of transcripts revealed that 68 candidate transporters are expressed in apple, albeit to different extents. Here, we discuss their possible roles based on the relationship between their levels of expression and sugar concentrations. The high accumulation of fructose in apple fruit is possibly linked to the coordination and cooperation between MdTMT1/2 and MdEDR6. By contrast, these fruits show low MdSWEET4.1 expression and a high flux of fructose produced from sorbitol. Our study provides an exhaustive survey of sugar transporter genes and demonstrates that sugar transporter gene families in M. domestica are comparable to those in other species. Expression profiling of these transporters will likely contribute to improving our understanding of their physiological functions in fruit formation and the development of sweetness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fengwang Ma
- *Correspondence: Mingjun Li and Fengwang Ma, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China e-mail: ;
| | - Mingjun Li
- *Correspondence: Mingjun Li and Fengwang Ma, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China e-mail: ;
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Martins MCM, Hejazi M, Fettke J, Steup M, Feil R, Krause U, Arrivault S, Vosloh D, Figueroa CM, Ivakov A, Yadav UP, Piques M, Metzner D, Stitt M, Lunn JE. Feedback inhibition of starch degradation in Arabidopsis leaves mediated by trehalose 6-phosphate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:1142-63. [PMID: 24043444 PMCID: PMC3813640 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.226787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many plants accumulate substantial starch reserves in their leaves during the day and remobilize them at night to provide carbon and energy for maintenance and growth. In this paper, we explore the role of a sugar-signaling metabolite, trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P), in regulating the accumulation and turnover of transitory starch in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. Ethanol-induced overexpression of trehalose-phosphate synthase during the day increased Tre6P levels up to 11-fold. There was a transient increase in the rate of starch accumulation in the middle of the day, but this was not linked to reductive activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. A 2- to 3-fold increase in Tre6P during the night led to significant inhibition of starch degradation. Maltose and maltotriose did not accumulate, suggesting that Tre6P affects an early step in the pathway of starch degradation in the chloroplasts. Starch granules isolated from induced plants had a higher orthophosphate content than granules from noninduced control plants, consistent either with disruption of the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle that is essential for efficient starch breakdown or with inhibition of starch hydrolysis by β-amylase. Nonaqueous fractionation of leaves showed that Tre6P is predominantly located in the cytosol, with estimated in vivo Tre6P concentrations of 4 to 7 µm in the cytosol, 0.2 to 0.5 µm in the chloroplasts, and 0.05 µm in the vacuole. It is proposed that Tre6P is a component in a signaling pathway that mediates the feedback regulation of starch breakdown by sucrose, potentially linking starch turnover to demand for sucrose by growing sink organs at night.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | - Joerg Fettke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | - Martin Steup
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | - Ursula Krause
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | | | - Carlos María Figueroa
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | - Alexander Ivakov
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | | | - Maria Piques
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | - Daniela Metzner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
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Ludewig F, Flügge UI. Role of metabolite transporters in source-sink carbon allocation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:231. [PMID: 23847636 PMCID: PMC3698459 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants assimilate carbon dioxide during photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Assimilated carbon is subsequently allocated throughout the plant. Generally, two types of organs can be distinguished, mature green source leaves as net photoassimilate exporters, and net importers, the sinks, e.g., roots, flowers, small leaves, and storage organs like tubers. Within these organs, different tissue types developed according to their respective function, and cells of either tissue type are highly compartmentalized. Photoassimilates are allocated to distinct compartments of these tissues in all organs, requiring a set of metabolite transporters mediating this intercompartmental transfer. The general route of photoassimilates can be briefly described as follows. Upon fixation of carbon dioxide in chloroplasts of mesophyll cells, triose phosphates either enter the cytosol for mainly sucrose formation or remain in the stroma to form transiently stored starch which is degraded during the night and enters the cytosol as maltose or glucose to be further metabolized to sucrose. In both cases, sucrose enters the phloem for long distance transport or is transiently stored in the vacuole, or can be degraded to hexoses which also can be stored in the vacuole. In the majority of plant species, sucrose is actively loaded into the phloem via the apoplast. Following long distance transport, it is released into sink organs, where it enters cells as source of carbon and energy. In storage organs, sucrose can be stored, or carbon derived from sucrose can be stored as starch in plastids, or as oil in oil bodies, or - in combination with nitrogen - as protein in protein storage vacuoles and protein bodies. Here, we focus on transport proteins known for either of these steps, and discuss the implications for yield increase in plants upon genetic engineering of respective transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Ludewig
- *Correspondence: Frank Ludewig, Botanical Institute II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany e-mail:
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Abstract
Starch is the major non-structural carbohydrate in plants. It serves as an important store of carbon that fuels plant metabolism and growth when they are unable to photosynthesise. This storage can be in leaves and other green tissues, where it is degraded during the night, or in heterotrophic tissues such as roots, seeds and tubers, where it is stored over longer time periods. Arabidopsis accumulates starch in many of its tissues, but mostly in its leaves during the day. It has proven to be a powerful genetic system for discovering how starch is synthesised and degraded, and new proteins and processes have been discovered. Such work has major significance for our starch crops, whose yield and quality could be improved by the application of this knowledge. Research into Arabidopsis starch metabolism has begun to reveal how its daily turnover is integrated into the rest of metabolism and adapted to the environmental conditions. Furthermore, Arabidopsis mutant lines deficient in starch metabolism have been employed as tools to study other biological processes ranging from sugar sensing to gravitropism and flowering time control. This review gives a detailed account of the use of Arabidopsis to study starch metabolism. It describes the major discoveries made and presents an overview of our understanding today, together with some as-yet unresolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Streb
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH
Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel C. Zeeman
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH
Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, Zurich, Switzerland
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