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Lee S, Elam K, Lohrmann D, Luo J, Chow A, Seo DC. Prospective longitudinal relations among frequent social media use, nicotine vaping and experiencing internalizing mental health problems. Addiction 2024. [PMID: 38961689 DOI: 10.1111/add.16601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To compare four a priori rival mediated pathways of frequent social media use, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use and internalizing mental health (MH) problems across five waves of nationally representative data. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This was a longitudinal study using data drawn from waves 2-5 (October 2014-November 2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative cohort study spanning approximately 5 years, conducted in the United States. The analytical sample of participants included those who were aged 12-14 years at wave 2 and who provided data in subsequent waves until wave 4.5 (n = 4627, 69.7% were White and 51.4% were male). MEASUREMENTS Frequent social media use (several times a day), ENDS use (past 30-day use) and internalizing MH problems (endorsed symptoms on four items in the past year) were dichotomized for analysis. FINDINGS The weighted proportions of the three key variables increased over time. From wave 2 to wave 5, frequent social media use grew from 56.9 to 77.2%; internalizing MH problems from 18.9 to 29.0%; and ENDS use from 1.4 to 11.4%. In weighted logistic regressions using generalized linear mixed models with random effects, there was a significant within-person association between frequent social media use at time t and greater ENDS use at t + 1 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.47, 2.37] and worsened internalizing MH problems at t + 1 (aOR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.37). A model-based causal mediation analysis and marginal structural models were fitted to estimate the average causal mediation effect. Among all four examined mediation pathways throughout the three constructs, partial mediation was observed, and all the pathways were significant for both boys and girls. Sex differences did not emerge in the examined prospective mediated pathways. CONCLUSIONS Among youth in the United States, frequent social media use appears to mediate the prospective association between experiencing internalizing mental health problems and using electronic nicotine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shieun Lee
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kit Elam
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - David Lohrmann
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Angela Chow
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Dong-Chul Seo
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Kiviruusu O, Berg N, Piirtola M, Viertiö S, Suvisaari J, Korhonen T, Marttunen M. Life-Course Associations Between Smoking and Depressive Symptoms. A 30-Year Finnish Follow-up Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:843-851. [PMID: 38243907 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relatively little is known about whether the association between smoking and depressive symptoms changes with age and how the trajectories of smoking and depressive symptoms are intertwined during the life course. In this population-based study, these associations were examined from young adulthood to middle age. METHODS Participants of a Finnish cohort study (N = 1955) were assessed at the ages of 22, 32, 42, and 52 using questionnaires covering daily smoking (yes/no) and the short 13-item Beck Depression Inventory. Longitudinal latent class and longitudinal latent profile analyses were used to identify life course trajectories of smoking and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The proportions of daily smokers decreased, while levels of depressive symptoms increased among both females and males from age 22 to 52 years. Smoking was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms from age 22 to 42 years, while not at 52. Associations among males prevailed when adjusting for education, marital status, and alcohol use. Four life course classes of daily smoking (nonsmokers, decreasing prevalence of smoking, persistent smokers, and increasing prevalence of smoking) and four trajectories of depressive symptoms (low, increasing/moderate, decreasing/moderate, and high) were identified. In males, persistent daily smokers (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 4.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2 to 9.2) and those in the class with increasing smoking prevalence (RRR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.1 to 9.1) had an increased risk of belonging to the high depressive symptoms profile. In females these associations were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Compared to females, the relationship between smoking and depressive symptoms seems more robust among males during adulthood. Specifically, males smoking persistently from young adulthood to middle age have an increased risk of high depressive symptoms trajectory. IMPLICATIONS This population-based cohort with 30 years of follow-up showed that the life course trajectories of daily smoking and depressive symptoms are associated. Persistent daily smokers and those starting late had an increased risk of belonging to the profile with constantly high levels of depressive symptoms during the life course. However, these associations were statistically significant only in males. Actions should be strengthened, especially in males, to prevent smoking initiation, to help smoking cessation, and to identify and treat depression in smokers with significant depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Kiviruusu
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Berg
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Lifestyle and Rehabilitation in Long-Term Illness, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Piirtola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research , Tampere, Finland
| | - Satu Viertiö
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauri Marttunen
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Huang J, Shi P, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Gao T, Wang X. Associations between smoking, sex steroid hormones, trouble sleeping, and depression among U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES (2013-2016). BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1541. [PMID: 38849814 PMCID: PMC11157951 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dose-response and nonlinear relationships of cigarette exposure with sleep disturbances and depression are warranted, and the potential mechanism of sex hormones in such associations remains unclear. METHODS Cigarette exposure, trouble sleeping, and depression were assessed by standard questionnaires, and the levels of cotinine and sex steroid hormones were determined among 9900 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multiple linear regression, logistic regression, and mediation models were conducted to evaluate the associations between smoking, sex steroid hormones, trouble sleeping, and depression. RESULTS With never smokers as a reference, current smokers had a higher prevalence of trouble sleeping (OR = 1.931, 95% CI: 1.680, 2.219) and depression (OR = 2.525, 95% CI: 1.936, 3.293) as well as testosterone level (β = 0.083, 95% CI: 0.028, 0.140). Pack-years of smoking and cigarettes per day were positively associated with the prevalence of trouble sleeping and depression as well as testosterone level (Ptrend <0.05). The restricted cubic spline model showed linear relationships of cotinine with trouble sleeping, depression, and testosterone. The positive associations of cigarettes per day with trouble sleeping and depression were greater in females than that in males (Pmodification <0.05). However, the potential role of sex hormones was not observed in the association of cotinine with trouble sleeping or depression (Pmediation >0.05). CONCLUSION Smoking may induce sex hormone disturbance and increase the risk of sleep problems and depression symptoms, and ceasing smoking may reduce the risk of such complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Health Management, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiwen Shi
- Department of Health Management, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Health Management, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huinan Zhang
- Department of Health Management, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Health Management, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Health Management, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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Lai RY, Su MH, Lin YF, Chen CY, Pan YJ, Hsiao PC, Chen PC, Huang YT, Wu CS, Wang SH. Relationship between mood disorders and substance involvement and the shared genetic liabilities: A population-based study in Taiwan. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:168-176. [PMID: 37879417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored the phenotypic association of mood disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD), with a range of substance involvement, including lifetime experience and age at initiation of tobacco, alcohol, and betel nut use. Additionally, we elucidated polygenic risk score (PRS) association. METHODS In total, 132,615 community participants were recruited from the Taiwan Biobank. Genome-wide genotyping data were available for 106,806 unrelated individuals, and the PRS for MDD and BPD was calculated. The significance of mood disorders and PRSs associated with substance involvement were evaluated using a linear/logistic regression model with adjustment for potential confounders. Sex differences were assessed. RESULTS MDD and BPD were associated with regular alcohol consumption, drinking cessation, tobacco smoking, smoking cessation, betel nut chewing, and earlier onset of drinking. BPD was associated with an earlier onset of smoking. MDD PRS was associated with regular alcohol use (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation increase in PRS = 1.03, p = 0.018), alcohol cessation (OR = 1.05, p = 0.03), regular tobacco use (OR = 1.08, p < 0.0001), and betel nut chewing (OR = 1.06, p < 0.0001), whereas BPD PRS was not associated with substance use. Phenotypic association strengths between MDD/BPD and regular drinking/smoking and the polygenic association between MDD PRS and regular smoking were larger in females than in males. LIMITATIONS Retrospective self-reported MDD/BPD diagnoses and substance involvement. CONCLUSIONS Mood disorders were associated with a range of substance involvement. Shared genetic architecture contributed to the co-occurrence of MDD and substance involvement. These findings may help design prevention and cessation strategies for substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou-Yi Lai
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Su
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yen-Feng Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Chen
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Jiun Pan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Hsiao
- College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tsung Huang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wu
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Heng Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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Siddik MAB, Hasan MN, Mahmud A, Munmun MS, Milad MH, Ali A, Ahmed Z, Uddin MJ. Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among undergraduate admission candidates in Bangladesh: A nation-wide cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295143. [PMID: 38033102 PMCID: PMC10688886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The undergraduate admission test is one of the most stressful assessments in a student's life, as it is required for admission to any of Bangladesh's public universities or medical colleges. Those taking the admissions test are under a lot of pressure to perform well. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of clinical depression among Bangladeshi admission candidates and the factors that contribute to it. METHODOLOGY Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and other socio-demographic information were collected from 5263 students from all over Bangladesh. Apart from descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, an ordinal logistic regression model was also applied to determine the factors associated with depression. RESULTS The study revealed that among the undergraduate admission applicants, 74% of individuals were affected by depression, while 26% experienced moderate depression, 26% experienced moderately severe depression, and 22% experienced severe depression. The level of depression among females was 1.8 times higher than the male admission candidates. Our analyses found that gender (p <0.001), exercise (p <0.001), pre-marital relationships (p <0.001), daily study time less than 3 hours (p <0.001), practice of religion (p <0.001), victim of blackmail (p <0.001), family unrest (p <0.001), major illness (p <0.001), COVID-19 infection (p <0.001), GPA in higher secondary (p <0.001), mental problem (p <0.001), all categories of the variable confidence level for exam preparation (p <0.001) had a significant impact on increasing depression. CONCLUSION The research found a severe rate of depression among Bangladeshi undergraduate admission candidates. Interactive mental health care programs must include family and teachers to tackle the problem. To alleviate mental stress and depression, students should learn to nurture their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Nafiul Hasan
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Al Mahmud
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mahmudul Hasan Milad
- Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Akher Ali
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zobayer Ahmed
- Department of Economics & Banking, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Harris SM, Jørgensen M, Lowthian E, Kristensen SM. Up in smoke? Limited evidence of a smoking harm paradox in 17-year cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2022. [PMID: 37848880 PMCID: PMC10580607 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16952-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic differences in the impact of alcohol consumption on health have been consistently reported in the so-called "alcohol harm paradox" (i.e., individuals from higher socioeconomic backgrounds (SES) drink more alcohol than individuals from lower SES, but the latter accrue more alcohol-related harm). Despite the severe health risks of smoking however, there is a scarcity of studies examining a possible "smoking harm paradox" (SHP). We aim to fill this gap. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study with adolescents from the Norwegian Longitudinal Health Behaviour Study (NLHB). Our study used data from ages 13 to 30 years. To analyse our data, we used the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) with smoking and self-reported health as mutual lagged predictors and outcomes as well as parental income and education as grouping variables. Parental income and education were used as proxies for adolescent socioeconomic status (SES). Smoking was examined through frequency of smoking (every day, every week, less than once a week, not at all). General health compared to others was measured by self-report. RESULTS Overall, we found inconclusive evidence of the smoking harm paradox, as not all effects from smoking to self-reported health were moderated by SES. Nevertheless, the findings do suggest that smoking predicted worse subjective health over time among individuals in the lower parental education group compared with those in the higher parental education group. This pattern was not found for parental income. CONCLUSIONS While our results suggest limited evidence for a smoking harm paradox (SHP), they also suggest that the impact of adolescent smoking on later subjective health is significant for individuals with low parental education but not individuals with high parental education. This effect was not found for parental income, highlighting the potential influence of parental education over income as a determinant of subjective health outcomes in relation to smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Marie Harris
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Alrek helseklynge, Årstadveien 17, Bergen, 5009, Norway
| | - Magnus Jørgensen
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Alrek helseklynge, Årstadveien 17, Bergen, 5009, Norway.
| | - Emily Lowthian
- Department of Education and Childhood Studies, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Sara Madeleine Kristensen
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Alrek helseklynge, Årstadveien 17, Bergen, 5009, Norway
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Kim SR, Kim JY, Kim HK, Kim HY. Factors Influencing Sleep Disturbances in Adolescent Smokers in South Korea. J Addict Nurs 2023; 34:E172-E179. [PMID: 38015585 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe sleep disturbances and identify associated factors in adolescent smokers in South Korea. This study adopted a cross-sectional design and recruited 520 students aged 12-17 years from 35 schools to participate in a smoking cessation program. To compare demographic, smoking-related, psychological, and problem behavior characteristics between adolescent smokers with sleep disturbances and without sleep disturbances, chi-square tests and independent t tests were used. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with sleep disturbances in adolescent smokers. Approximately 45.8% of adolescent smokers reported sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances were more frequent among girls than among boys and more frequent among high school students than among middle school students. Other factors included cigarette use within 1 month, nicotine dependence, smoking cessation self-efficacy, depression, Internet addiction, and suicidal ideation. Gender (girls), school level (high school), depression, Internet addiction, and daily cigarette use (11 or more cigarettes) were significantly associated with sleep disturbances in adolescent smokers. To improve the sleep quality of adolescent smokers, health professionals should focus on sleep disturbances and associated factors and develop appropriate intervention programs.
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Petrauskienė S, Žemaitienė M, Bendoraitienė EA, Saldūnaitė-Mikučionienė K, Vasiliauskienė I, Zūbienė J, Andruškevičienė V, Slabšinskienė E. A Cross-Sectional Study of Oral Health Status and Behavioral Risk Indicators among Non-Smoking and Currently Smoking Lithuanian Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6609. [PMID: 37623192 PMCID: PMC10454649 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate oral health status, behavioral risk indicators, and the impact of smoking on oral health among Lithuanian adolescents. This representative cross-sectional study was conducted among 15-year-old Lithuanian adolescents. The method of multistage cluster sampling was used. A total of 1127 adolescents met the inclusion criteria. Two originally created self-reported questionnaires were used in this study. Dental caries, periodontal status, and oral hygiene status were evaluated by four trained researchers. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was set to indicate statistically significant differences. Statistical analysis included Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests. Out of all the participants, 9.6% self-reported being a current tobacco smoker. The mean PI value was 1.14 ± 0.69 among all the participants. Currently smoking adolescents had more active caries lesions (D-S) than those who did not smoke (13.2 ± 16.4 vs. 9.8 ± 10.7, p = 0.023). Considering periodontal status, non-smoking adolescents had significantly lower mean PSR index scores than current smokers (0.52 ± 0.51 vs. 0.61 ± 0.50, p = 0.0298). Tobacco smoking and the consumption of energy drinks were significantly associated (OR = 3.74, 95% CI 2.66-5.26, p < 0.001) among participants. Currently smoking adolescents tended to have improper dietary habits, especially a higher consumption of energy drinks; thus, they were more likely to have active dental caries lesions, as well as poorer periodontal status, than their non-smoking peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Petrauskienė
- Department of Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Academy of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lukšos-Daumanto 6, LT-50106 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.Ž.); (E.A.B.); (K.S.-M.); (I.V.); (J.Z.); (V.A.); (E.S.)
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Tjora T, Skogen JC, Sivertsen B. Establishing the Association Between Snus Use and Mental Health Problems: A Study of Norwegian College and University Students. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 25:135-142. [PMID: 36037069 PMCID: PMC9717367 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking and mental health problems are public health concerns worldwide. Studies on smoke-free tobacco products, especially snus are scarce. Snus is considered less harmful than smoking and in the United States allowed to be marketed accordingly, but may still add to the burden of disease. AIMS AND METHODS Data stem from the Norwegian Students' Health and Wellbeing Study (SHoT study) in 2018 (162 512 invited, 50 054 (30.8%) completed). Smoking, snus use, health service and medication usage and mental health problems, including the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25), were assessed using self-report. The aims were to explore the associations between smoking and snus use and mental health problems and treatments. Furthermore, the association between both daily smoking and daily snus use and mental health problems. Associations were tested with χ2-, t-tests, and logistic regression. RESULTS Daily snus users had 38% increased odds (odds ratio [OR]: 1.38, CI: 1.30 to 1.46), and daily smokers had 96% increased odds (OR: 1.96, CI: 1.65 to 2.34) of having a high HSCL-25 score, adjusted for gender, low socioeconomic status (SES), using tobacco, participating in therapy and using antidepressants daily. CONCLUSIONS Both daily smoking and daily snus use were associated with an increased level of mental health problems. The adjusted probability for mental health problems was lower for snus use; however, snus use prevalence was tenfold in our sample. IMPLICATIONS Despite the lack of causal and directional conclusions, these associations may have implications for future legislation on snus. They also highlight the importance of more research, especially as snus is considered less harmful and seemingly replacing smoking in Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Tjora
- Corresponding Author: Tore Tjora,PhD, Department of Social Studies, University of Stavanger, Post Box 8600, 4036 STAVANGER, Norway. Telephone: +47 51833618; E-mail:
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway,Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway,Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway,Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Lee B, Levy DE, Macy JT, Elam KK, Bidulescu A, Seo DC. Smoking trajectories from adolescence to early adulthood as a longitudinal predictor of mental health in adulthood: evidence from 21 years of a nationally representative cohort. Addiction 2022; 117:1727-1736. [PMID: 34817100 DOI: 10.1111/add.15758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To measure the prospective relationship between smoking trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood and mental health in later adulthood and test whether this relationship was mediated by concurrent co-use of alcohol and marijuana. DESIGN Longitudinal study using data drawn from rounds 1 to 18 of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), a nationally representative cohort study spanning 21 years. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS The analytical sample included those who completed survey items about smoking behaviors on at least half the data collection opportunities in adolescence and young adulthood (n = 8570, 48.9% female, 66.2% white). MEASUREMENTS Mental health in adulthood was measured using the five-item Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5; range = 0-100) at round 18. Seven trajectories of smoking from adolescence to young adulthood were identified by group-based multi-trajectory modeling, using data over 11 years from rounds 1 to 11. FINDINGS Late-onset moderate smokers [β = -1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -3.61 to -0.29], late-onset accelerated smokers (β = -2.53, 95% CI = -4.28 to -0.78), early-onset heavy smokers (β = -3.72, 95% CI = -5.59 to -1.85) and early-onset moderate smokers (β = -2.66, 95% CI = -4.48 to -0.84) showed poorer regression-adjusted mean MHI-5 scores in later adulthood than stable abstainers, even after controlling for baseline mental health and covariates. Whether or not a difference in MHI-5 scores was present between quitters and stable abstainers was inconclusive. The concurrent co-use of alcohol and marijuana in young adulthood significantly mediated the relationship between smoking trajectory and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Continued smoking, especially early-onset and heavy smoking from adolescence to young adulthood, appears to increase the risk of poor mental health later in mid-adulthood, and quitting smoking in young adulthood may mitigate such risk even among early-onset smokers. Mediation analyses underscore the role of using multiple substances in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Tobacco Treatment and Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas E Levy
- Health Policy Research Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Tobacco Treatment and Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan T Macy
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kit K Elam
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Dong-Chul Seo
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Waters AF, Peltier MR, Roys MR, Stewart SA, Copeland AL. Smoking and suicidal ideation among college students: Smoking expectancies as potential moderators. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:951-958. [PMID: 32027235 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1719112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: In the present study, we sought to establish a link between suicidal ideation (SI) and smoking in college students, determine whether psychopathology accounted for the association, and determine whether smoking expectancies were moderators. Participants: Participants (N = 607) were identified as nonsmokers, exsmokers, infrequent smokers, or daily smokers. Methods: Participants were assessed for smoking patterns, smoking expectancies, psychopathology, SI, and past suicide attempts. Results: Daily smokers had the highest level of SI. There was a dose-response relationship between smoking and SI, such that the higher the daily smoking rate, the greater the SI, even when controlling for depression, alcohol use, and drug use. Trend-level results indicated that at lower smoking rates, elevated smoking-related negative affect reduction (NAR) expectancies were associated with lower SI, while elevated NAR expectancies in combination with higher smoking rates were associated with greater SI. Conclusion: Smoking cessation programs for college students should screen for SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Waters
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - MacKenzie R Peltier
- Psychology Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melanie R Roys
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shelby A Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amy L Copeland
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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12
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Okekunle AP, Asowata JO, Lee JE, Akpa OM. Association of Environmental tobacco smoke exposure with depression among non-smoking adults. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1755. [PMID: 34565350 PMCID: PMC8474776 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a psychological dysfunction that impairs health and quality of life. However, whether environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETSE) is associated with depression is poorly understood. This study was designed to evaluate the association of ETSE with depression among non-smoking adults in the United States. Method Using the 2015–2016 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we identified 2623 adults (females – 64.2%, males – 35.8%) who had never smoked and applied multivariable adjusted-logistic regression to determine the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) at P < 0.05 for the association of ETSE with depression adjusting for relevant confounders. Results Mean age of respondents was 46.5 ± 17.9 years, 23.5% reported ETSE, and 4.7% reported depression. Also, aORs for the association of ETSE with depression were 1.992 (1.987, 1.997) among females and 0.674 (0.670, 0.677) among males. When we examined the association by age groups, the aORs were 1.792 (1.787, 1.796) among young adults (< 60 years) and 1.146 (1.140, 1.152) among older adults (≥60 years). Conclusions We found that ETSE was associated with higher odds of depression among females but not among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Post Office200284 PMB, Ibadan, UI, 900001, Nigeria. .,The Postgraduate College, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria. .,Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, IL, 08826, South Korea. .,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, IL, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Jeffery Osahon Asowata
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Post Office200284 PMB, Ibadan, UI, 900001, Nigeria
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, IL, 08826, South Korea.,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, IL, 08826, South Korea
| | - Onoja Matthew Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Post Office200284 PMB, Ibadan, UI, 900001, Nigeria. .,Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria. .,Preventive Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria.
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13
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Association of Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption with Depression Severity in the Oldest Old. Results from the Age Different Old Age Cohort Platform. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157959. [PMID: 34360253 PMCID: PMC8345587 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association of alcohol and tobacco use with severity of depression in older age. Analyses were performed on a pooled data set (n = 3724) from two German old-age cohort studies (LEILA 75+, 6 follow-ups and AgeCoDe/AgeQualiDe, 9 follow-ups). Depressive symptoms were assessed via two screening scales for depression (CES-D and GDS-15) which were harmonized for pooled analysis. A mixed-effects linear regression model for the total sample and additional stratified models for men and women were used. Smoking at baseline was significantly associated with a higher level of depression severity (β = 0.142, 95% CI: 0.051–0.233, p = 0.002), whereas drinking was significantly associated with a decreased level of depression (β = −0.069, 95% CI: −0.119–−0.021, p = 0.005). Concurrent substance use at baseline increased longitudinal depression severity (β = 0.193, 95% CI: 0.011–0.375, p = 0.037). Analyses stratified by gender showed a significant inverse association between drinking and depressive symptoms in men (β = −0.138, 95% CI: −0.231–−0.045, p = 0.004), but not in women (β = −0.060, 95% CI: −0.120–0.001, p = 0.052). Given the burden of major depression, it is important that health care providers, especially primary care physicians, assess and monitor lifestyle factors, even at older ages.
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14
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Wang Y, Bos JH, Schuiling-Veninga CCM, Boezen HM, van Boven JFM, Wilffert B, Hak E. Neuropsychiatric safety of varenicline in the general and COPD population with and without psychiatric disorders: a retrospective cohort study in a real-world setting. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e042417. [PMID: 34035088 PMCID: PMC8154988 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the real-world association between varenicline and neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) in general and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) population with and without psychiatric disorders compared with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to strengthen the knowledge of varenicline safety. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING Prescription database IADB.nl, the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS New users of varenicline or NRT among general (≥18 years) and COPD (≥40 years) population. Psychiatric subcohort was defined as people prescribed psychotropic medications (≥2) within 6 months before the index date. OUTCOME MEASURES The incidence of NPAEs including depression, anxiety and insomnia, defined by new or naive prescriptions of related medications in IADB.nl within 24 weeks after the first treatment initiation of varenicline or NRT. RESULTS For the general population in non-psychiatric cohort, the incidence of total NPAEs in varenicline (4480) and NRT (1970) groups was 10.5% and 12.6%, respectively (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.85, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.00). For the general population in psychiatric cohort, the incidence of total NPAEs was much higher, 75.3% and 78.5% for varenicline (1427) and NRT (1200) groups, respectively (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99). For the COPD population (1598), there were no differences in the incidence of NPAEs between comparison groups in both the psychiatric cohort (aOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.44) and non-psychiatric cohort (aOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.20). Results from subgroup or sensitivity analyses also did not reveal increased risks of NPAEs but showed decreased risk of some subgroup NPAEs associated with varenicline. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the concerns of a possible increased risk of NPAEs among varenicline users, we found a relative decreased risk of total NPAEs in varenicline users of the general population in psychiatric or non-psychiatric cohorts compared with NRT and no difference for NPAEs between varenicline and NRT users in smaller population with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology & -Economics, Groningen Research Institutte of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jens H Bos
- Department of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology & -Economics, Groningen Research Institutte of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina C M Schuiling-Veninga
- Department of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology & -Economics, Groningen Research Institutte of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Marike Boezen
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Job F M van Boven
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Wilffert
- Department of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology & -Economics, Groningen Research Institutte of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eelko Hak
- Department of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology & -Economics, Groningen Research Institutte of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Tasnim R, Sujan MSH, Islam MS, Ritu AH, Siddique MAB, Toma TY, Nowshin R, Hasan A, Hossain S, Nahar S, Islam S, Islam MS, Potenza MN, van Os J. Prevalence and correlates of anxiety and depression in frontline healthcare workers treating people with COVID-19 in Bangladesh. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:271. [PMID: 34034679 PMCID: PMC8146174 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03243-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HCWs) who are in the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic are often under significant pressures that may predispose them to symptoms of poor mental health. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression among HCWs and factors correlated with mental health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. And, it also aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Bangla version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted between July and August, 2020. A self-reported online questionnaire was utilized to collect data. The survey included questions concerning socio-demographic, lifestyle, and work setting, as well as the HADS. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. RESULTS Data from 803 HCWs (50.7% male; mean age: 27.3 [SD = 6.9]; age range: 18-58 years) were included in the final analysis. The Bangla HADS was psychometrically sound, and demonstrated good internal consistency and reliability (α = 0.83), and excellent construct validity. Prevalence estimates of anxiety and depression were 69.5%, and 39.5%, respectively, for less severe symptomology (at least borderline abnormal), and 41.2% and 15.7% for more severe (at least abnormal) symptomology. Regression analyses with the total HADS score as a dependent variable revealed significant (p < 0.05) associations with female gender, moderate and poor health status, infrequent physical exercising, smoking, having had regrets about one's profession because of the pandemic and associated experiences, not updating on the latest COVID-19-related research, experiencing discrimination in the workplace, and facing social problems due to working in a lab or hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms of anxiety and depression are prevalent among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The findings suggest a need for screening for mental health concerns, and employing early intervention to help these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia Tasnim
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Safaet Hossain Sujan
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Asmaul Husna Ritu
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abid Bin Siddique
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Tanziha Yeasmin Toma
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Rifat Nowshin
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Abid Hasan
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi Sadar, Rajshahi, 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Sahadat Hossain
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Shamsun Nahar
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342 Bangladesh
| | | | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, Connecticut USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut USA
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Predictors of Adolescent Depressive Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094508. [PMID: 33922778 PMCID: PMC8122983 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study expands the existing literature and supplements today’s knowledge on the relationship between personal, psychosocial and lifestyle factors and depressive symptoms among adolescents. The study aimed to investigate the variety of depressive symptoms predictors—personal resources, adverse school and family, health, lifestyle-related (sense of coherence, self-esteem, school involvement, negative acts at school, family stress and violence, psychosomatic health complaints, physical activity, smoking, alcohol) as well as gender, employing hierarchical linear regression analysis in a large representative sample of adolescents (N = 2212) in Kaunas, Lithuania. Four blocks of predictors were employed in hierarchical linear regression analysis. In the final model 64.9% of depressive symptoms were explained by all the predictors. Sense of coherence was the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms (standardized regression coefficient β = −605, p < 0.001 in the first model and β = −263, p < 0.001 in the final model after adjustment for all other independent variables) and accounted for 36.6% of variance. In conclusion, this study supports the notion that depressive symptoms among adolescents have multifactorial origins with many predictors showing significant effect seizes. Therefore, high sense of coherence and self-esteem, school involvement, higher levels of physical activity would be protective and influence lower levels of depressive symptoms among adolescents. Exposure to negative acts at school and negative experiences in the family, psychosomatic health complaints, smoking would increase the probability of depressive symptoms. Girls are more prone to depression as compared to boys.
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17
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Depression Associated with Reduced Heart Rate Variability Predicts Outcome in Adult Congenital Heart Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081554. [PMID: 33917168 PMCID: PMC8067842 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In adult congenital heart disease (ACHD), major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a frequent comorbidity. In non-CHD, adverse outcome is predicted by MDD and heart rate variability (HRV), whereas in ACHD their prognostic relevance is unknown. We prospectively evaluated 171 patients (age 35.6 ± 11.4 years; male 42.7%, mean observation time 54.7 ± 14.9 months). Binary regression analysis calculated the association between MDD and HRV. Cox proportional survival analysis estimated their impact on decompensated heart failure and all-cause mortality (HF/death), supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia (SVT/VT), and hospitalization due to unexpected cardiac causes. Exclusively MDD with moderate/severe symptoms showed significantly lower HRV as derived from frequency-domain analysis (Symindex) (p = 0.013). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, patients stratified according to the lower quartile of the Symindex comorbid with MDD (n = 16) exhibited poorer prognosis regarding HF/death (Hazard Ratio (HR): 7.04 (95%CI:(1.87–26.5)), SVT/VT (HR: 4.90 (95%CI:1.74–9.25)) and hospitalization (HR: 3.80 (95%CI:1.36–10.6)). An additional independent predictor was N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide elevation (p < 0.001), indicating advanced HF and heart disease complexity (p < 0.001). Autonomic nervous system dysfunction measured by altered HRV is considered to be one of the pathways linking MDD and adverse outcomes in cardiac diseases. Our results exceed the existing literature by demonstrating that MDD with decreased HRV is associated with poorer prognosis in ACHD.
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18
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Kim YJ, Lee SA. The Relationship of Lifestyle Factors with the Prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder by Ecological Factors. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:340-347. [PMID: 33951780 PMCID: PMC8103019 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between ecological/lifestyle factors and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been provided but was inconsistent as characteristics of population including race, gender, etc. METHODS Data were extracted from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and consisted of 35,839 adults including 1,537 with MDD. Ecological factors included age, sex, married status, education, family income, residence, occupation, BMI, self-recognition stress, and history of non-communicable disease. Smoking, drinking, regular exercise, total energy intake, and sleep was consisted for lifestyle factors. The relationship between MDD and ecological/lifestyle factors, was evaluated using the multiple logistic regression model after adjustment for covariates. RESULTS The increased prevalence of MDD in men was related aged, unmarried, low educated, unoccupied, high BMI, and high self-recognition stress. To women, MDD prevalence was increased as aged, low educated and family income, resided in urban, unoccupied, high self-recognition stress and history of non-communicable disease. Current smoking/drinking and lack of sleep was positively related with prevalence of MDD in women. The relationship between lifestyle factors and MDD prevalence was influenced by ecological status, predominantly in women. CONCLUSION The relationship of lifestyle factors with MDD prevalence were observed and could be attenuated by various ecological factors, in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Jin Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ah Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
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19
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Purborini N, Lee MB, Devi HM, Chang HJ. Associated factors of depression among young adults in Indonesia: A population-based longitudinal study. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 120:1434-1443. [PMID: 33558103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Depression is highly prevalent among young adults in Indonesia; despite this, information pertaining to the associated factors of depression remains scarce. In this study, we aimed to identify these associated factors among young adults in Indonesia by using a longitudinal study design. METHODS We undertook secondary data analyses of the Indonesia Family Life Survey. Questionnaires related to smoking behavior, acute morbidities, perceived health, experience of natural disasters, and sociodemographic records from 2007 were used as independent variables and depression in 2014 was used as the outcome variable. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used to investigate the associated factors of depression. RESULTS The prevalence of depression among 1960 young adults was 27.86%. Based on the GEE results, perceived health was significantly negatively correlated with depression in 2014 (p < .001), whereas smoking behavior, smoking cessation, and acute morbidities in 2007 were significantly positively correlated with depression in 2014 (p < .001). CONCLUSION We report that the early identification of depression in this population is pivotal and relevant associated factors should be considered when developing preventive programs to avoid depression in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Purborini
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muhammadiyah University of Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Ming-Been Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taiwan; Taiwan Suicide Prevention Center, Taiwan; Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taiwan; Taiwanese Society of Suicidology, Taiwan; Taiwan Association Against Depression, Taiwan
| | - Hilda Mazarina Devi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Tribhuwana Tunggadewi, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Hsiu-Ju Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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20
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Wang K, Zhao Y, Nie J, Xu H, Yu C, Wang S. Higher HEI-2015 Score Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Depression: Result from NHANES 2005-2016. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020348. [PMID: 33503826 PMCID: PMC7911826 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, the total estimated number of people living with depression increased by 18.4% between 2005 and 2015, with the prevalence being 4.8% in 2015. Many nutrient and diet patterns are proven to be correlated to depression, so we conducted this analysis to explore whether the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) score is associated with depression, and possibly to provide dietary measures to reduce the risk of depression. Data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2016), a cross-sectional and nationally representative database. The analytic sample was limited to adults: (1) age ≥20 with complete information of HEI-2015 and depression; (2) no missing data of demographics, BMI, drinking, smoking, and fasting plasma glucose. HEI-2015 was calculated using the Dietary Interview: Total Nutrient Intakes, First Day data file. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Weighted logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between the HEI-2015 score and depression. The final study sample included 10,349 adults, with 51.4% of them being men, representing a population of about 167.8 million non-institutionalized U.S. adults. After multivariable adjustment, average HEI status (OR: 0.848, 95% CI: 0.846–0.849) and optimal HEI status (OR: 0.455, 95% CI: 0.453–0.456) were associated with reduced odds of depression. Poor diet quality is significantly associated with elevated depressive symptoms in U.S. adults. Aligning with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans reduces the risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, 185, Donghu Rd, Wuhan 430071, China; (K.W.); (J.N.); (H.X.)
| | - Yudi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Rd, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Jiaqi Nie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, 185, Donghu Rd, Wuhan 430071, China; (K.W.); (J.N.); (H.X.)
| | - Haoling Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, 185, Donghu Rd, Wuhan 430071, China; (K.W.); (J.N.); (H.X.)
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Rd, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Suqing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Health Science, Wuhan University, 185, Donghu Rd, Wuhan 430071, China; (K.W.); (J.N.); (H.X.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Reciprocal influences of tobacco use on illicit opioid and alcohol use during the first six-months of specialist addiction treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 218:108418. [PMID: 33262003 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the first national study of lagged reciprocal associations between tobacco smoking frequency and change in illicit opioid or alcohol use frequency within six-months of treatment. METHODS All adults admitted to publicly-funded specialist addiction treatment in England in 2018/19 and enrolled for at least six months for either opioid use disorder (OUD; n = 22,046; 82.4 % of those eligible) or alcohol use disorder (AUD; n = 15,251; 78.8 % of those eligible). Two cross-lagged panel models estimated, separately for OUD and AUD patients, the relationships between smoking at admission and change in main drug over six months, and between main drug use at admission and change in smoking over six months. RESULTS Within the OUD cohort, illicit opioid use frequency reduced from 17.7 days to 8.0 days and smoking tobacco remained at 18.8 days. After controlling for available covariates, higher smoking frequency at admission was associated with a relative increase in illicit opioid use at six-months (0.02 days [95 % CI 0.00-0.03]). Within the AUD cohort, alcohol use frequency reduced from 21.2 days to 14.4 days while smoking tobacco reduced from 12.6 days to 11.5 days. Higher smoking frequency at admission was associated with a relative increase in alcohol use at six-months (0.03 days [95 % CI 0.02-0.04]) and higher alcohol use frequency at admission was associated with a relative increase in smoking at six-months (0.04 [95 % CI 0.02-0.06]), controlling for available covariates. CONCLUSIONS Higher smoking frequency at admission is associated with higher illicit opioid and alcohol use frequency after six-months of specialist addiction treatment.
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Amiri S. The prevalence of depression symptoms after smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Addict Dis 2020; 39:109-124. [PMID: 33084511 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1826104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Smoking cessation can have positive effects on people's health, especially mental health. This study aimed to address the prevalence of depression in the smoking cessation population. Methods: In the present meta-analysis study, PRISMA protocol was used. Two databases, PubMed and Scopus, were selected. Articles in these two databases in English were targeted and the search was limited to July 2020. First, the results related to the prevalence of depression were calculated. The results were pooled. Results: Forty-nine articles with different designs were eligible for meta-analysis. The prevalence of depression in the smoking cessation population was 18% and the confidence interval was 14-22%. The highest depression prevalence was in Asia and Europe, followed by America. The prevalence of major depression in the smoking cessation population was 15% and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 17%. The smoking cessation population had a lower odds of depression than current smokers (OR= 0.63 CI = 0.54-0.75; I2 83.9%). There was little evidence for publication bias. Discussion: The status of depression in the smoking cessation population is different from that of nonsmokers and current smokers. Therefore, in terms of health policy and encouraging people to smoking cessation, the issue of its positive effects on mental health should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wootton RE, Richmond RC, Stuijfzand BG, Lawn RB, Sallis HM, Taylor GMJ, Hemani G, Jones HJ, Zammit S, Davey Smith G, Munafò MR. Evidence for causal effects of lifetime smoking on risk for depression and schizophrenia: a Mendelian randomisation study. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2435-2443. [PMID: 31689377 PMCID: PMC7610182 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking prevalence is higher amongst individuals with schizophrenia and depression compared with the general population. Mendelian randomisation (MR) can examine whether this association is causal using genetic variants identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). METHODS We conducted two-sample MR to explore the bi-directional effects of smoking on schizophrenia and depression. For smoking behaviour, we used (1) smoking initiation GWAS from the GSCAN consortium and (2) we conducted our own GWAS of lifetime smoking behaviour (which captures smoking duration, heaviness and cessation) in a sample of 462690 individuals from the UK Biobank. We validated this instrument using positive control outcomes (e.g. lung cancer). For schizophrenia and depression we used GWAS from the PGC consortium. RESULTS There was strong evidence to suggest smoking is a risk factor for both schizophrenia (odds ratio (OR) 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.67-3.08, p < 0.001) and depression (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.71-2.32, p < 0.001). Results were consistent across both lifetime smoking and smoking initiation. We found some evidence that genetic liability to depression increases smoking (β = 0.091, 95% CI 0.027-0.155, p = 0.005) but evidence was mixed for schizophrenia (β = 0.022, 95% CI 0.005-0.038, p = 0.009) with very weak evidence for an effect on smoking initiation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the association between smoking, schizophrenia and depression is due, at least in part, to a causal effect of smoking, providing further evidence for the detrimental consequences of smoking on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn E. Wootton
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TU, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PR, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2BN, UK
| | - Rebecca C. Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PR, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PR, UK
| | - Bobby G. Stuijfzand
- Jean Golding Institute, Royal Fort House, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1UH, UK
| | - Rebecca B. Lawn
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TU, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PR, UK
| | - Hannah M. Sallis
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TU, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PR, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PR, UK
| | - Gemma M. J. Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM), University of Bath, BathBA2 7AY, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PR, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PR, UK
| | - Hannah J. Jones
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PR, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PR, UK
| | - Stanley Zammit
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PR, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, CardiffCF24 4HQ, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PR, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PR, UK
| | - Marcus R. Munafò
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TU, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PR, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 1TU, UK
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Yi X, Liu Z, Qiao W, Xie X, Yi N, Dong X, Wang B. Clustering effects of health risk behavior on mental health and physical activity in Chinese adolescents. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:211. [PMID: 32620107 PMCID: PMC7333302 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Risk behaviors are significantly impacting physical and psychological health among adolescents, resulting in a tremendous public health issue. The aim of this study is to examine the association of clustered risk behaviors with mental health and physical activity, and identify to what extent the clustering of various risk behaviors is associated with psychological health and physical activity in Chinese adolescents. METHODS Students aged 16-18 years, male 16.2 ± 1.03, female 16.3 ± 1.56, were recruited from 30 high schools to complete an online questionnaire in fall semester 2017. A structured questionnaire, 2017 state and local youth risk behavior survey was revised, modified, and translated into Chinese. Five questions were designed to assess physical activity times of the last 7 days. Symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) was used to investigate the mental health status of the participants. Statistical analyses were done employing chi-square tests, two step cluster analysis, logistic regression. RESULT Results illustrate that girls report a significantly higher mean of being bullied in school, electronically bullied, feeling sad or hopeless, and trying cigarette smoking. Two-step cluster analysis and regression analysis find that alcohol use, smoking and sedentary behavior have significant effect on adolescent health. Logic regression demonstrated that risk behaviors have significantly associated with mental health and physical activity in specific cluster. CONCLUSION This study finds that a specific behavior cluster has significant impact on mental health and physical activity among adolescents. Integrating risk behaviors cluster with factors can be employed to target high-risk adolescents who have poor physical and psychosocial health. The research suggest that more effective and feasible school intervention programs can be designed to promote adolescent health-related behavior in terms of those pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangren Yi
- Department of Sport and Health, School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061 China
| | - Zongyu Liu
- Department of Sport and Health, School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061 China
| | - Wenzhen Qiao
- Department of Science and Technology, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan, 250103 China
| | - Xiuye Xie
- Department of Human Performance and Health Education, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA
| | - Nuo Yi
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Science, University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - Xiaosheng Dong
- Department of Sport and Health, School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061 China
| | - Baozhen Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061 Shandong China
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Maternal education, health profession and cigarette smoking are decisive factors for self-medication in children by parents. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2020; 70:249-257. [PMID: 31955142 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2020-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Self-medication of children by their parents (SMCP) is an important public health issue as the effects and potential risks may be unpredictable. The objective of this first national Montenegrin study was to assess the prevalence of and factors influencing SMCP among schoolchildren. Data were obtained from a national representative sample of 4496 schoolchildren aged 7-13 years (50.4 % boys). Parents/caregivers completed a questionnaire concerning their demographic characteristics, socio-economic and cultural status, as well as the self-medication (SM) of their children. The association between SMCP and parents' socio-economic, demographic or cultural status was assessed by logistic regression analyses. The prevalence rate of SMCP was 24.6 %. Univariate logistic regression showed that maternal socio-demographic characteristics (educational level, employment status, health care profession and smoking habits) were relevant for SMCP. In a multiple logistic regression the independent effect /adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95 % CI)/of maternal factors on SMCP remained for: education /2.23 (1.18-4.24)/, university-level vs. no education; profession /1.50 (1.07-3.00)/, health profession vs. non-health profession; and smoking habit /1.22 (1.04-1.42)/smokers vs. non-smokers. SMCP may be expected for every fourth child in Montenegro. Specific maternal factors that independently raise the probability of SMCP are higher education, health profession and smoking.
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Does Rumination Mediate the Effect of Depressive Symptoms on Cigarette Dependence and Craving in Seeking Treatment Smokers? JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-020-09812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Dhodapkar RM. A survey-wide association study to identify youth-specific correlates of major depressive episodes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232373. [PMID: 32384083 PMCID: PMC7209284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is a common disease with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Though peak onset is during late adolescence, the prevalence of major depressive disorder remains high throughout adulthood. Leveraging an association study design, this study screened a large number of variables in the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to characterize differences between adult and youth depression across a wide array of phenotypic measurements. METHODS All dichotomous variables were manually identified from the survey for association screening. Association between each dichotomous variable and past-year major depressive episode (MDE) occurrence was calculated as an odds ratio for adults (≥18 years) and youth (12-17 years), and tested for significance with Fischer's exact test. Logarithm of the calculated odds ratios were plotted and fitted to a linear model to assess correlation between adult and youth risk factors. RESULTS Many of the screened variables showed similar association between past-year depressive episode occurrence in youth and adults; Lin's concordance correlation coefficient between adult and youth associations was 0.91 (95% CI 0.89-0.92). Differentially associated variables were identified, tracking: female sex, alcohol use, cigarette use, marijuana use, Medicaid/CHIP coverage, cognitive changes due to a mental, physical or emotional condition, and respondents' identification of a single depressive event as the worst experienced. CONCLUSIONS While some youth-specific correlates of major depressive episodes were identified through screening, including some novel associations, most examined variables showed similar association with youth and adult depression. Further study of results is warranted, especially concerning the finding of increased association between marijuana use and depressive episodes in youth.
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28
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Yan Z, Lu R, Li Y, Zheng Z. Exploring the Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Rural Older Adults. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2020; 58:41-47. [PMID: 31710367 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20191030-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine risk factors for depressive symptoms among older adults in rural China. Data were derived from the National Health Services Survey in China. A total of 2,586 rural adults age ≥60 were included in the study. Sociodemographic factors, health risk factors, and behavioral factors were measured, along with self-rated depressive symptoms. Older age (>70 years), lower education level, and living without a partner were associated with depressive symptoms. After adjusting for socioeconomic status and social support, individuals who had at least one chronic disease, experienced pain, and were unable to take care of themselves or perform household chores were more likely to report depressive symptoms (all p < 0.001). Community health care and nursing services should focus on pain control, improvement of daily physical function, and social support for older adults in rural China. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(2), 41-47.].
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Murphy B, Le Grande M, Alvarenga M, Worcester M, Jackson A. Anxiety and Depression After a Cardiac Event: Prevalence and Predictors. Front Psychol 2020; 10:3010. [PMID: 32063868 PMCID: PMC7000459 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients who are anxious or depressed after an acute cardiac event are at increased risk of a subsequent event and premature death. It is therefore important to identify these patients early in order to initiate supportive or even preventive measures. In the present study, we report on the prevalence of anxiety and depression during the first 12 months after an acute cardiac event, and the patient characteristics predictive of increased anxiety and depression risk in early and late convalescence. Methods We recruited a sample of 911 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and/or unstable angina (UA), and/or undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABGS). Patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) close to the time of their event, and again during early (2–4 months post-event) and late (6–12 months post-event) convalescence. Using HADS-A and HADS-D cut-offs of 8+, prevalence rates for anxiety, depression, and comorbid anxiety and depression were determined for each timepoint. Chi-square tests and odds ratios were used to identify baseline patient characteristics associated with increased anxiety and depression risk over 12 months. Results Anxiety rates were 43, 28, and 27% at the time of the event, early, and late convalescence. Depression rates were 22, 17, and 15%, respectively. Factors consistently associated with increased anxiety and depression risk were history of depression, financial strain, poor self-rated health, low socioeconomic status, younger age (<55 years), and smoking. Obesity, diabetes, and social isolation (living alone or being unpartnered) were identified as important albeit less significant risk factors. Neither sex nor event type were predictive of anxiety or depression. Conclusion This large patient sample provided the opportunity to identify rates of anxiety and depression during the 12 months after a cardiac event and key patient characteristics for increased risk. These risk factors are easily identifiable at the time of the event, and could be used to guide the targeting of support programs for patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Murphy
- Australian Centre for Heart Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Le Grande
- Australian Centre for Heart Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Marlies Alvarenga
- Australian Centre for Heart Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Marian Worcester
- Australian Centre for Heart Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alun Jackson
- Australian Centre for Heart Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia.,Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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30
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Jao NC, Robinson LD, Kelly PJ, Ciecierski CC, Hitsman B. Unhealthy behavior clustering and mental health status in United States college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2019; 67:790-800. [PMID: 30485154 PMCID: PMC6538490 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1515744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Examine the association of health risk behavior clusters with mental health status among US college students. Participants: 105,781 US college students who completed the Spring 2011 National College Health Assessment. Methods: We utilized the latent class analysis to determine clustering of health risk behaviors (alcohol binge drinking, cigarette/marijuana use, insufficient physical activity, and fruit/vegetable consumption), and chi-square and ANOVA analyses to examine associations between the class membership and mental health (mental health diagnoses, psychological symptoms, and self-injurious thoughts/behaviors). Results: Three classes were identified with differing rates of binge drinking, substance use, and insufficient physical activity but similar rates of insufficient fruit/vegetable consumption. Students classified with the highest rates of binge drinking and cigarette/marijuana use had the highest rates across all mental health variables compared to other classes. Conclusions: Students who reported engaging in multiple health risk behaviors, especially high alcohol and cigarette/marijuana use, were also more likely to report poorer mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C. Jao
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, 680 North Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Laura D. Robinson
- University of Wollongong, School of Psychology, Building 41, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Peter J. Kelly
- University of Wollongong, School of Psychology, Building 41, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Christina C. Ciecierski
- Northeastern Illinois University, Department of Economics, 5500 North Saint Louis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60625
| | - Brian Hitsman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, 680 North Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611
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Kong X, Miao Q, Lu X, Zhang Z, Chen M, Zhang J, Zhai J. The association of endocannabinoid receptor genes (CNR1 and CNR2) polymorphisms with depression: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17403. [PMID: 31725603 PMCID: PMC6867758 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the association between gene variants and depression susceptibility found inconsistent data. The present study aimed to clarify whether CNR1rs1049353, CNR1 AAT triplet repeat, and CNR2rs2501432 polymorphisms confer higher risk for depressive disorder.Literature from PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrance Library, and Wanfang databases was searched (up to August 20, 2018). Seven case-control studies with various comorbidities were eligible. We targeted CNR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have been reported by 2 or more studies to be involved in the current meta-analysis, resulting in a final list of 3 SNPs: CNR1rs1049353, CNR1 AAT triplet repeat polymorphism, and CNR2rs2501432. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for allele and homozygote comparisons, dominant and recessive models, and triplet repeat polymorphism ((AAT)n≥5, ≥5 vs (AAT)n<5, <5 or <5, ≥5) were assessed using a random effect model as measures of association. Heterogeneity among included studies was analyzed using sensitivity test. Publication bias was also explored by Egger and rank correlation test.overall, no significant association was found between depression and CNR1rs1049353 (G vs A: OR [95% CI] = 1.09 [0.61-1.95]; GG vs AA: 1.29 [0.73-2.26]; GG vs GA+AA: 1.10 [0.57-2.10]; GG+GA vs AA: 1.25 [0.72-2.18]; and AAT triplet repeat polymorphism ((AAT)n≥5, ≥5 vs (AAT)n<5, <5 or <5, ≥5): 1.92 [0.59-6.27]. In contrast, a significant association between CNR2rs2501432 and depression was detected, and the ORs and 95% CIs are as follows: allele contrast (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = [1.12-1.72], P = .003); homozygous (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = [1.34-3.59], P = .002); dominant (OR = 1.93,95% CI = [1.23-3.04], P = .005); and recessive (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = [1.04-1.92], P = .03).This meta-analysis revealed that CNR1rs1049353 or AAT triplet repeat polymorphism had no association with susceptibility to depression, while CNR2rs2501432 polymorphism was a remarkable mark for depression patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjuan Kong
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Jining Psychiatric Hospital
| | - Qingshan Miao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Jining Psychiatric Hospital
| | - Xiaozi Lu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Qindao Mental Health Center
| | - Zeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Jining Psychiatric Hospital
| | - Min Chen
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Jining Psychiatric Hospital
| | - Jinguo Zhai
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
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Secades-Villa R, González-Roz A, Vallejo-Seco G, Weidberg S, García-Pérez Á, Alonso-Pérez F. Additive effectiveness of contingency management on cognitive behavioural treatment for smokers with depression: Six-month abstinence and depression outcomes. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 204:107495. [PMID: 31491583 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and smoking co-occur at high rates and there is a lack of evidence on the efficacy of treatments specifically tailored to this population. This randomized controlled trial sought to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT) combined with behavioural activation (BA) and the same treatment protocol plus contingency management (CM). METHODS A sample of 120 adult smokers (70.8%: females) with severe depressive symptoms were randomly allocated to: CBT + BA (n = 60) or CBT + BA + CM (n = 60). Smoking and depression outcomes were reported at end of treatment, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. Self-reported smoking status was biochemically verified, and depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II. RESULTS At end of treatment, the overall quit rate was 69.2% (83/120). CM showed an additive effect on CBT + BA in enhancing abstinence rates. The significant effect of group [F(1,155) = 9.55, p = .0024], time [F(4,96) = 7.93, p < .0001], and group by time interaction [F(4,96) = 6.12, p = .0002], indicated that CM is more effective for generating longer durations of abstinence beyond those of CBT+BA. All treatment conditions equally promoted sustained reductions in depression across time [F(1,111) = 0.53, p = .4665]. A greater number of days of continuous abstinence and lower depressive symptoms mutually influenced each other. CONCLUSIONS Depressed smokers achieve high cessation rates without suffering negative mood changes. Quitting smoking is not detrimental and adding CM to CBT + BA enhances long-lasting abstinence rates while promoting large depression improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Secades-Villa
- Department of Psychology. University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo, s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alba González-Roz
- Department of Psychology. University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo, s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain.
| | | | - Sara Weidberg
- Department of Psychology. University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo, s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ángel García-Pérez
- Department of Psychology. University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo, s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Alonso-Pérez
- Department of Psychology. University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo, s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
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Stubbs B, Hoots V, Clements A, Bailey B. Psychosocial well-being and efforts to quit smoking in pregnant women of South-Central Appalachia. Addict Behav Rep 2019; 9:100174. [PMID: 31193952 PMCID: PMC6543494 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psychosocial well-being variables from the Tennessee Intervention for Pregnant Smokers (TIPS) study, a longitudinal smoking cessation study in South-Central Appalachia, were investigated as potential predictors of smoking status. Methods A sample of 1031 pregnant women participated in an expanded 5A's (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) program, from 2008 to 2011. Measures of stress, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and disordered eating collected by interview during the first trimester, or during the third trimester in a combined interview if participants began prenatal care late, were hypothesized to differ among three groups of participants: pregnant women who never smoked, pregnant women who smoked but quit prior to birth, and pregnant women who smoked and did not quit prior to birth. Smoking status was measured throughout the study. Whether or not a participant quit smoking was assessed at delivery. Results Non-smokers were lowest in stress F(2,1027) = 46.38, p < .001) and depression (F(2,1028) = 39.81, p < .001), and highest in self-esteem (F(2,1018) = 29.81, p < .001). Only self-reported stress and self-reported self-esteem predicted quitting. Higher reported stress levels were related to a slightly lower likelihood of quitting (OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.92, 0.98, p = .003) and higher reported self-esteem predicted a slightly higher likelihood of quitting (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.02, 1.08, p = .001). Conclusions Findings may lead to improved intervention programs and reduction of adverse health effects in children attributable to prenatal smoking. More research should be conducted on smoking cessation in rural pregnant women. Low stress and high self-esteem predicted smoking cessation in pregnancy. Disordered eating did not predict smoking cessation in pregnancy. Depressive symptoms were highest in pregnant smokers who did not quit smoking. Non-smokers had higher psychosocial well-being scores than smokers and quitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Stubbs
- East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Valerie Hoots
- East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Andrea Clements
- East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Beth Bailey
- East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.,University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
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Network analysis of the relationship between depressive symptoms, demographics, nutrition, quality of life and medical condition factors in the Osteoarthritis Initiative database cohort of elderly North-American adults with or at risk for osteoarthritis. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2019; 29:e14. [PMID: 30698512 PMCID: PMC8061212 DOI: 10.1017/s204579601800077x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A complex interaction exists between age, body mass index, medical conditions, polypharmacotherapy, smoking, alcohol use, education, nutrition, depressive symptoms, functioning and quality of life (QoL). We aimed to examine the inter-relationships among these variables, test whether depressive symptomology plays a central role in a large sample of adults, and determine the degree of association with life-style and health variables. METHODS Regularised network analysis was applied to 3532 North-American adults aged ⩾45 years drawn from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Network stability (autocorrelation after case-dropping), centrality of nodes (strength, M, the sum of weight of the connections for each node), and edges/regularised partial correlations connecting the nodes were assessed. RESULTS Physical and mental health-related QoL (M = 1.681; M = 1.342), income (M = 1.891), age (M = 1.416), depressive symptoms (M = 1.214) and education (M = 1.173) were central nodes. Depressive symptoms' stronger negative connections were found with mental health-related QoL (-0.702), income (-0.090), education (-0.068) and physical health-related QoL (-0.354). This latter was a 'bridge node' that connected depressive symptoms with Charlson comorbidity index, and number of medications. Physical activity and Mediterranean diet adherence were associated with income and physical health-related QoL. This latter was a 'bridge node' between the former two and depressive symptoms. The network was stable (stability coefficient = 0.75, i.e. highest possible value) for all centrality measures. CONCLUSIONS A stable network exists between life-style behaviors and social, environmental, medical and psychiatric variables. QoL, income, age and depressive symptoms were central in the multidimensional network. Physical health-related QoL seems to be a 'bridge node' connecting depressive symptoms with several life-style and health variables. Further studies should assess such interactions in the general population.
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Li H, Chen J, Chen C, Xu Z, Xu J, Lin W, Wu J, Li G, Xu H, Kang Y, Wang F, Liu Y. CSF glutamate level decreases in heavy smokers and negatively correlates with BDI scores. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:627-630. [PMID: 30384282 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is involved in mental disorders and nicotine addiction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamate levels and mental status in Chinese heavy smokers. Participants comprised 41 non-smokers and 77 heavy smokers (n = 118). Cerebrospinal fluid was extracted and glutamate levels were measured. We recorded age, years of education, BMI, the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). BIS action scores, total scores and BDI scores were significantly different between the groups. Partial correlation analyses with age and education years as covariates found that CSF glutamate levels negatively correlated with BDI scores, but did not correlate with SAS scores in heavy smokers. No correlation was found between CSF glutamate levels and BDI or SAS scores in non-smokers. In conclusion, heavy smokers had more impulsivity had lower levels of CSF glutamate and higher BDI scores. CSF glutamate levels negatively correlated with BDI scores in heavy smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830028, China; Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, China
| | - Junzheng Chen
- The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling 317500, China
| | - Caiming Chen
- The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling 317500, China
| | - Zeping Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jinzhong Xu
- The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling 317500, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wenhui Lin
- The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling 317500, China
| | - Junnan Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830028, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830028, China; The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yimin Kang
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Division, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010110, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830028, China; Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100096, China.
| | - Yanlong Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Lee J, Kim TH, Min S, Kim MH, Park KC, Moon JS, Ahn JS. Depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviours in adolescent non-daily smokers compared to daily smokers and never-smokers in Korea: National cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207182. [PMID: 30427886 PMCID: PMC6241131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to investigate the association of non-daily smoking with depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviours among adolescents by analysing data from the 2016 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS), a national school-based survey. METHODS We analysed data from a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents aged 12-18 years (n = 65,528). We investigated the risks of depressive symptoms, suicide ideation, plan and attempt in adolescent non-daily smokers using multiple logistic regression analyses after adjusting for confounding factors. Taking into account the trajectory of smoking patterns in adolescents, we assessed all analyses with stratification by early (aged 12-15) and late (aged 16-18) adolescents. RESULTS Among early adolescents, non-daily smokers were more likely to have depressive symptoms, suicide ideation and plan compared with never smokers and even more likely to have depressive symptoms compared with daily smokers. Among late adolescents, non-daily smokers had higher risks of depressive symptoms, suicide ideation, plan and attempt than never smokers, whereas the risk for suicide attempts was lower than daily smokers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that non-daily smoking in adolescents was associated with risks for depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviours, and the association was more prominent in early adolescents. Careful attention on the mental health of adolescent non-daily smokers is needed because this is an increasing and easily overlooked group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Lee
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Tae Hui Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seongho Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Min-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ki Chang Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jin Sil Moon
- Center of Biomedical Data Science (CBDS), Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Joung-Sook Ahn
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Velten J, Bieda A, Scholten S, Wannemüller A, Margraf J. Lifestyle choices and mental health: a longitudinal survey with German and Chinese students. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:632. [PMID: 29769115 PMCID: PMC5956886 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A healthy lifestyle can be beneficial for one's mental health. Thus, identifying healthy lifestyle choices that promote psychological well-being and reduce mental problems is useful to prevent mental disorders. The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the predictive values of a broad range of lifestyle choices for positive mental health (PMH) and mental health problems (MHP) in German and Chinese students. METHOD Data were assessed at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Samples included 2991 German (Mage = 21.69, SD = 4.07) and 12,405 Chinese (Mage = 20.59, SD = 1.58) university students. Lifestyle choices were body mass index, frequency of physical and mental activities, frequency of alcohol consumption, smoking, vegetarian diet, and social rhythm irregularity. PMH and MHP were measured with the Positive Mental Health Scale and a 21-item version of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale. The predictive values of lifestyle choices for PMH and MHP at baseline and follow-up were assessed with single-group and multi-group path analyses. RESULTS Better mental health (higher PMH and fewer MHP) at baseline was predicted by a lower body mass index, a higher frequency of physical and mental activities, non-smoking, a non-vegetarian diet, and a more regular social rhythm. When controlling for baseline mental health, age, and gender, physical activity was a positive predictor of PMH, smoking was a positive predictor of MHP, and a more irregular social rhythm was a positive predictor of PMH and a negative predictor of MHP at follow-up. The good fit of a multi-group model indicated that most lifestyle choices predict mental health comparably across samples. Some country-specific effects emerged: frequency of alcohol consumption, for example, predicted better mental health in German and poorer mental health in Chinese students. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underline the importance of healthy lifestyle choices for improved psychological well-being and fewer mental health difficulties. Effects of lifestyle on mental health are comparable in German and Chinese students. Some healthy lifestyle choices (i.e., more frequent physical activity, non-smoking, regular social rhythm) are related to improvements in mental health over a 1-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Velten
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Angela Bieda
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Saskia Scholten
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - André Wannemüller
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
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High prevalence of depressive symptoms in a national sample of adults in Indonesia: Childhood adversity, sociodemographic factors and health risk behaviour. Asian J Psychiatr 2018. [PMID: 29529418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate depressive symptoms and their association with sociodemographic factors, stressors and support, including childhood adversity, health status risk and behaviour in Indonesia. METHOD In a cross-sectional national population survey in 2014-15 in Indonesia, 31442 adults (mean age 37.3 years, SD = 14.9, age range 15-101 years) responded to the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) and various other measures. RESULTS Overall, 15.0% of participants reported moderate and 6.9% severe depressive symptoms, or 21.8% moderate or severe depressive symptoms (21.4% among men and 22.3% among women). In multivariable logistic regression among both men and women, sociodemographic factors (younger age, poor subjective economic background, being unemployed, residing in Java and main island groups), stressors (childhood hunger and poor or fair self-rated health status and having experienced disasters), lack of social trust and religiosity, having one or more chronic conditions, tobacco use and soft drink consumption were positively and obesity negatively associated with moderate or severe depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION High rates (21.8%) of depressive symptoms were found. Several risk factors including sociodemographic factors such as younger age, stressors, lack of social support, health risk status and behaviour variables were identified which can be utilized in guiding interventions.
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Depression symptoms: Their association with socio-demographic factors and health among adults in South Africa. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2017.1375212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
- Department of Research and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Research and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
- HIV/AIDS/STIs/and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
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Polosa R, Russell C, Nitzkin J, Farsalinos KE. A critique of the US Surgeon General's conclusions regarding e-cigarette use among youth and young adults in the United States of America. Harm Reduct J 2017; 14:61. [PMID: 28874159 PMCID: PMC5586058 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-017-0187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In December 2016, the Surgeon General published a report that concluded e-cigarette use among youth and young adults is becoming a major public health concern in the United States of America. METHODS Re-analysis of key data sources on nicotine toxicity and prevalence of youth use of e-cigarettes cited in the Surgeon General report as the basis for its conclusions. RESULTS Multiple years of nationally representative surveys indicate the majority of e-cigarette use among US youth is either infrequent or experimental, and negligible among never-smoking youth. The majority of the very small proportion of US youth who use e-cigarettes on a regular basis, consume nicotine-free products. The sharpest declines in US youth smoking rates have occurred as e-cigarettes have become increasingly available. Most of the evidence presented in the Surgeon General's discussion of nicotine harm is not applicable to e-cigarette use, because it relies almost exclusively on exposure to nicotine in the cigarette smoke and not to nicotine present in e-cigarette aerosol emissions. Moreover, the referenced literature describes effects in adults, not youth, and in animal models that have little relevance to real-world e-cigarette use by youth. The Surgeon General's report is an excellent reference document for the adverse outcomes due to nicotine in combination with several other toxicants present in tobacco smoke, but fails to address the risks of nicotine decoupled from tobacco smoke constituents. The report exaggerates the toxicity of propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG) by focusing on experimental conditions that do not reflect use in the real-world and provides little discussion of emerging evidence that e-cigarettes may significantly reduce harm to smokers who have completely switched. CONCLUSIONS The U.S. Surgeon General's claim that e-cigarette use among U.S. youth and young adults is an emerging public health concern does not appear to be supported by the best available evidence on the health risks of nicotine use and population survey data on prevalence of frequent e-cigarette use. Nonetheless, patterns of e-cigarettes use in youth must be constantly monitored for early detection of significant changes. The next US Surgeon General should consider the possibility that future generations of young Americans will be less likely to start smoking tobacco because of, not in spite of, the availability of e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Polosa
- Centro Prevenzione e Cura del Tabagismo, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria "Policlinico-V. Emanuele", Catania, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.
- UOC di Medicina Interna e d'Urgenza, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria "Policlinico-V. Emanuele", Catania, Italy.
| | | | | | - Konstantinos E Farsalinos
- Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Sygrou 356, 17674, Kallithea, Greece
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 17674, Rio, Greece
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Muscatello MRA, Scimeca G, Lorusso S, Battaglia F, Pandolfo G, Zoccali RA, Bruno A. Anger, Smoking Behavior, and the Mediator Effects of Gender: An Investigation of Heavy and Moderate Smokers. Subst Use Misuse 2017; 52:587-593. [PMID: 28026974 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1245343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing literature suggests the presence of a possible relationship between high anger levels and smoking behavior; however, there are no available data highlighting possible differences between moderate and heavy smokers and the putative effect of gender on smoking behavior. OBJECTIVES The aims of the current study were to assess the relationship among anger, depression, and anxiety and smoking patterns taking into account the possible mediator role of gender. METHODS 150 smokers and 50 nonsmokers volunteers were recruited from the staff of the University of Messina, Italy. The final sample consisted of 90 smokers, divided in 50 heavy smokers (HS: more than 40 cigarettes per day), 40 moderate smokers (MS: 10-30 cigarettes per day), and 42 nonsmokers (NS). All subjects were assessed by State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. RESULTS On anger, depression, and anxiety measures the HS group scored higher than MS and NS groups. HS showed higher than expected levels of trait-anger, a greater tendency to control anger reactions and to access to anger-management techniques. A moderate consumption of cigarettes (10-30 cigarettes per day) was not associated with negative emotions, as MS only showed higher than expected levels of state-anger. Cigarettes consumption was related to gender-specific anger features. Conclusions/Importance: Our study highlighted the importance of anger in smoking behavior and its related gender differences. Recognizing the link among anger, gender differences and smoking behavior could improve the knowledge for future-focused interventions on smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello
- a Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scimeca
- a Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Simona Lorusso
- a Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Fortunato Battaglia
- b School of Health and Medical Sciences, Seton Hall University , South Orange , New Jersey , USA
| | - Gianluca Pandolfo
- a Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Rocco A Zoccali
- a Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Antonio Bruno
- a Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
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Lee JY, Brook JS, Finch SJ, De La Rosa M, Brook DW. Joint trajectories of cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms from the mid-20s to the mid-30s predicting generalized anxiety disorder. J Addict Dis 2017; 36:158-166. [PMID: 28281938 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2017.1303958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study examines longitudinal patterns of cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms as predictors of generalized anxiety disorder using data from the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study. There were 674 African American (53%) and Puerto Rican (47%) participants. Among the 674 participants, 60% were females. In the logistic regression analyses, the indicators of membership in each of the joint trajectories of cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms from the mid-20s to the mid-30s were used as the independent variables, and the diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder in the mid-30s was used as the dependent variable. The high cigarette smoking with high depressive symptoms group and the low cigarette smoking with high depressive symptoms group were associated with an increased likelihood of having generalized anxiety disorder as compared to the no cigarette smoking with low depressive symptoms group. The findings shed light on the prevention and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeon Lee
- a Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA
| | - Judith S Brook
- a Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA
| | - Stephen J Finch
- b Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics , Stony Brook University , Stony Brook , New York , USA
| | - Mario De La Rosa
- c Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work , Florida International University , Miami , Florida , USA
| | - David W Brook
- a Department of Psychiatry , New York University School of Medicine , New York , New York , USA
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Amutah-Onukagha NN, Doamekpor LA, Gardner M. An Examination of the Sociodemographic and Health Determinants of Major Depressive Disorder Among Black Women. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2016; 4:1074-1082. [PMID: 27928770 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-016-0312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Black women disproportionately share the distribution of risk factors for physical and mental illnesses. The goal of this study was to examine the sociodemographic and health correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms among black women. METHODS Pooled data from the 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to assess the sociodemographic and health correlates of MDD symptoms among black women (n = 227). Multivariate logistic regression techniques assessed the association between MDD symptoms and age, socioeconomic status, health status, and health behaviors. RESULTS Poverty income ratio and smoking status were significantly associated with the likelihood of having MDD symptoms. Black women who were smokers were also more likely to have MDD symptoms compared to non-smokers [OR = 8.05, 95% CI = (4.56, 14.23)]. After controlling for all other socioeconomic and health variables, this association remained statistically significant. In addition, after controlling for all other variables, the multivariate analyses showed that black women below 299% federal poverty level (FPL) were nearly three times more likely to have MDD symptoms compared to women above 300% FPL [OR = 2.82, 95% CI = (1.02, 7.96)]. CONCLUSIONS These analyses suggest that poverty and smoking status are associated with MDD symptoms among black women. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and key factors which influence MDD symptoms are needed in order to develop and create mental health programs targeting women of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndidiamaka N Amutah-Onukagha
- Department of Public Health, College of Education and Human Services, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Avenue, UN 4192, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA.
| | - Lauren A Doamekpor
- The Lewin Group, 3130 Fairview Park Dr #500, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA
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Dimitriadis DG, Mamplekou E, Dimitriadis PG, Dimitriadis GD, Papageorgiou C. The association between smoking and psychopathology adjusted for body mass index and gender. Australas Psychiatry 2016; 24:441-4. [PMID: 27206466 DOI: 10.1177/1039856216646228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the correlation between smoking habits and psychopathology status, as well as the impact of confounders such as body mass index and gender. METHOD A total of 134 non-smokers and 152 smokers were enrolled in this study. We measured psychopathology features using Symptom Checklist 90-Revised. We ran logistic regression models testing the smoking-psychopathology association, controlling for body mass index and gender. RESULTS Smoking was positively correlated with depression, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, somatization, paranoid ideation and psychoticism (P<0.05). Adjusting for body mass index and gender, the results remained largely unchanged, with a slight independent effect of body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that smoking is a stronger predictor of psychopathology than body mass index and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Efterpi Mamplekou
- Department of Mental Health, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panayiotis G Dimitriadis
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering; School of Civil Engineering, Athens, Greece
| | - George D Dimitriadis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Braverman MT, Stawski RS, Samdal O, Aarø LE. Daily Smoking and Subjective Health Complaints in Adolescence. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 19:102-110. [PMID: 27206973 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey, this study used a repeated cross-sectional design to examine associations between daily smoking, gender, and self-reported health complaints in five cohorts of adolescents over a 16-year period. METHODS Data were from nationally representative cohorts of 15-year-old youth in Norway in 1993/1994, 1997/1998, 2001/2002, 2005/2006, and 2009/2010 (n total = 7761). Dependent variables were psychological, somatic, and total health complaints. A mixed GLM model examined main and interaction effects of smoking (daily, intermittent, nonsmoking), year, and gender in predicting complaints. Time periods were segmented to compare trends across smoking groups in specific periods. RESULTS Prevalence of daily smoking declined from 15.5% (1993/1994) to 6.0% (2009/2010). All health complaint scores were significantly higher for smokers and for girls (vs. boys). Smoking status by year interactions were significant for all complaint variables during the period of sharpest decline of daily smoking prevalence (2001/2002-2005/2006), with daily smokers experiencing increases in health complaints while intermittent and nonsmokers did not. Smoking status by gender interactions were significant for all health complaint variables, indicating that the main effect for gender (females higher) was even stronger among smokers compared with nonsmokers. Using year as unit of analysis, the size of mean differences between daily smokers and intermittent/nonsmokers in total complaints was significantly negatively correlated with daily smoking prevalence (-.963, n = 5, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS As prevalence of daily smoking declined, daily smokers reported higher levels of complaints, suggesting increasing health problems within this group. Girls who smoke daily had particularly elevated levels of complaints. IMPLICATIONS This study indicates that the relationship between daily smoking and concurrent health symptomatology in adolescents is changing over time, with higher levels of health complaints reported as overall smoking prevalence declines. To our knowledge, this finding has not previously been reported. If youth are smoking to cope with distress, pain, or other health concerns, tobacco control objectives will be increasingly difficult to achieve with adolescents. Levels of health complaints are particularly high among girls who are daily smokers. The findings suggest that restrictive measures and persuasive communications may not be sufficient tobacco prevention strategies for adolescent populations. Young smokers may need counseling and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc T Braverman
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR;
| | - Robert S Stawski
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Oddrun Samdal
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Leif Edvard Aarø
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
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Abstract
We investigated genetic and environmental correlations and gene by environment interactions (GxE) between depressive symptoms measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and quantity smoked measured by number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) using quantitative genetic modeling. The population-based sample consisted of 12,063 twin individuals from the Finnish Twin Cohort Study. Bivariate Cholesky decomposition revealed that the phenotypic correlation (r = 0.09) between BDI and CPD was explained by shared genetic (r g = 0.18) and environmental (r e = 0.08) factors. GxE models incorporating moderator effects were built by using CPD as trait and BDI as moderator and vice versa. The importance of the genetic variance component increased with increasing moderator value in both models. Thus, the influence of genetic effects on variance of smoking quantity was enhanced in individuals with elevated depression score and vice versa; the genetic effects on depression variance were potentiated among heavy smokers. In conclusion, shared genetic and environmental factors as well as GxE underlie the association of smoking with depression.
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Cheng HG, Chen S, McBride O, Phillips MR. Prospective relationship of depressive symptoms, drinking, and tobacco smoking among middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling adults: Results from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). J Affect Disord 2016; 195:136-43. [PMID: 26895091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies in Western countries have consistently documented positive associations of smoking and heavy drinking with depressive symptoms but a prospective analysis of these relationships among middle-aged and elderly community members in China have not previously been reported. METHODS Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a two-wave nationally representative survey conducted in 15,628 adults 45 years of age and older, we estimated the prospective association between depressive symptoms and an array of smoking and drinking behaviors. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) short form. RESULTS Inverse associations were the dominant pattern of association. For the population as a whole, individuals with baseline depressive symptoms were less likely to start drinking (OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.5, 0.9) or smoking (OR=0.6, 95% CI=0.4, 0.8). Similarly, baseline drinkers and smokers were less likely to develop depressive symptoms (ORdrinkers=0.6, 95% CI=0.5, 0.7; ORsmokers=0.7, 95% CJ=0.6, 0.9). No evidence was found for an increased incidence or persistence of depressive symptoms among high-frequency drinkers or heavy smokers or vice versa. Males who had never smoked prior to the onset of depressive symptoms tended to have more rapid onset of tobacco dependence compared to those without such symptoms. Males and females had different association patterns. LIMITATIONS The study is observational in nature and provides limited evidence for causality. DISCUSSION The results are inconsistent with previous findings in Western countries, throwing into question the presumed universality of the association between alcohol drinking or tobacco use and depression among middle-aged and elderly adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui G Cheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Orla McBride
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - Michael R Phillips
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Departments of Psychiatry and Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Smoking and the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Absolute Neutrophil Count in the Investigations Préventives et Cliniques Cohort Study. Psychosom Med 2015; 77:1039-49. [PMID: 26461856 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depressive symptoms have been associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, including elevated neutrophil count. Smokers often have both high neutrophil count and depressive symptoms. Thus, smoking could explain the cross-sectional association between depressive symptoms and neutrophil count. METHODS Total white blood cell count and subtypes, including absolute neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil counts, were measured in 44,806 participants (28,534 men; mean [standard deviation] age = 38.9 [11.4] years), without a history of chronic disease or current medication. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Questionnaire of Depression, Second Version, Abridged. Smoking status was self-reported and categorized in five classes. Sex, age, alcohol intake, self-rated health, body mass index, glycemia, physical activity, household composition, occupational status, and education were included as covariates. Associations were examined with general linear models and causal mediation analyses. RESULTS After adjustment for all covariates except smoking, depressive symptoms were positively associated with neutrophil count only (β = 5.83, standard error [SE] = 2.41, p = .014). After further adjustment for a semiquantitative measure of smoking, this association was no longer significant (β = 2.40, SE = 2.36, p = .30). Causal mediation analyses revealed that smoking mediated the association (p < .001), accounting for 57% of its total variance. In contrast, depressive symptoms were negatively associated with lymphocyte count in fully adjusted model only (β = -3.21, SE = 1.11, p = .004). CONCLUSIONS Smoking may confound or mediate the association between depressive symptoms and neutrophil count. These results advocate for including an accurate measure of smoking in future studies addressing this association. When considering the link between depression and inflammation, one should not overlook the noxious effects of smoking.
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Skogen JC, Knudsen AK, Hysing M, Wold B, Sivertsen B. Trajectories of alcohol use and association with symptoms of depression from early to late adolescence: The Norwegian Longitudinal Health Behaviour Study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015; 35:307-16. [PMID: 26494431 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Adolescence is a period in which many have an onset of alcohol use, but there is much heterogeneity in the individual development of alcohol use. Further, there is a general increase in depressive symptoms from early to late adolescence, but less is known about how different alcohol habit trajectories are associated with symptoms of depression. The aims of the present study were: to identify trajectories of alcohol consumption and drinking to intoxication during adolescence (age 13-18 years); and examine to what extent the different trajectories of alcohol use were associated with symptoms of depression over the same age span, from early to late adolescence. METHODS Data from the Norwegian Longitudinal Health Behaviour Study were employed. Latent class growth analyses were employed to identify different trajectories of both alcohol consumption and drinking to intoxication. The resulting trajectories for each participant were used to estimate the gender-adjusted association between different development of alcohol use and symptoms of depression. RESULTS Four trajectories of both alcohol consumption and drinking to intoxication were identified. The trajectories with an early onset of alcohol consumption or drinking to intoxication were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms compared with late onset or stable low use trajectories. CONCLUSIONS The findings from the present study suggest that early onset developmental trajectories of alcohol use are associated with depression. Therefore, broad assessment and interventions targeting both alcohol and depression may be indicated among early onset alcohol users, especially if they report increasing levels of consumption. [Skogen JC, Knudsen AK, Hysing M, Wold B, Sivertsen B. Trajectories of alcohol use and association with symptoms of depression from early to late adolescence: The Norwegian Longitudinal Health Behaviour Study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:307-316].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Public Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ann Kristin Knudsen
- Department of Health Registries, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente Wold
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Public Mental Health, Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
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Kawada T. Comment on "Atypical Epidemiologic Finding in Association between Depression and Alcohol Use or Smoking in Korean Male: Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging". Psychiatry Investig 2015; 12:573-4. [PMID: 26508973 PMCID: PMC4620319 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2015.12.4.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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