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Frost A, Hagaman A, Bibi A, Bhalotra S, Chung EO, Haight SC, Sikander S, Maselko J. Childhood parental bonding and depression in adulthood: A study of mothers in rural Pakistan. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:715-721. [PMID: 38663557 PMCID: PMC11103589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent-child relationship quality can have long-term impacts on child mental health into adulthood. The impact of parental behaviors on the future mental health of children has been understudied in South Asia, where parenting approaches differ from the dominant western approaches often represented in the literature. METHODS Mothers in rural Pakistan (N = 828) reported on their own mothers' parenting behaviors using the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and were assessed for depression using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID). The PBI includes scales for warmth (care scale) and over-control (protection scale), as well as subscales for behavioral control and psychological control. We used structural equation modeling to test the associations between depression and all PBI scales/subscales. RESULTS Increased parental care was associated with lower probability of depression (B = -0.19, SE = 0.09). Parental protection was associated with higher probability of depression (B = 0.25, SE = 0.11). Among the protection subscales, behavioral control was associated with increased risk of depression (B = 0.24, 95 % SE = 0.11) and psychological control was associated with decreased risk of depression (B = -0.28, SE = 0.12). LIMITATIONS This cross-sectional study used retrospective self-reports of parenting experiences. Participants only reported on their mothers, not fathers or other caregivers. CONCLUSIONS In a rural Pakistani sample, maternal warmth was protective against adulthood depression. The association between maternal control and depression varied based on the type of control (behavioral or psychological), emphasizing the importance of nuanced measures of parental control in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Frost
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America.
| | - Ashley Hagaman
- Social Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, United States of America
| | - Amina Bibi
- Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Esther O Chung
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Sarah C Haight
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Siham Sikander
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanna Maselko
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States of America
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Zheng H, Zhou Y, Fu L, Eli B, Han R, Liu Z. A Latent Transition Analysis of Aggression Victimization Patterns During the Transition from Primary to Middle School. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1564-1578. [PMID: 38217836 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
School transitions provide contexts for adolescents to reconstruct peer relationships and re-establish social positions. Scarce research has captured the transition of aggressor and victim roles during this period and examined associated factors. To investigate the stability and shifts of aggressor and victim roles following the transition to middle school, this study conducted latent transition analysis with 1261 Chinese adolescents (32.6% female, Mage in Grade 6 = 12.1 years, SD = 0.7). Three subgroups were identified across Grades 5 to 8: aggressive-victims, victims and uninvolved. Adolescents were more likely to transition from aggressive-victim and victim roles to the uninvolved group during the transition to middle school compared to the transitions within the same educational phase. Males and those with insecure parental attachment were at higher risk of being and remaining in the involved groups. The findings underscore the dynamic nature of adolescent aggression and victimization and highlight the transition to middle school as a critical window for interventions aimed at helping adolescents disengage from aggression and victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yueyue Zhou
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, PR China
| | - Lin Fu
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Buzohre Eli
- Department of Psychology, Normal College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - Ru Han
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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Zhou H, Han F, Chen R, Huang J, Chen J, Lin X. Estimating the Heterogeneous Causal Effects of Parent-Child Relationships among Chinese Children with Oppositional Defiant Symptoms: A Machine Learning Approach. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:504. [PMID: 38920836 PMCID: PMC11201035 DOI: 10.3390/bs14060504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Oppositional defiant symptoms are some of the most common developmental symptoms in children and adolescents with and without oppositional defiant disorder. Research has addressed the close association of the parent-child relationship (PCR) with oppositional defiant symptoms. However, it is necessary to further investigate the underlying mechanism for forming targeted intervention strategies. By using a machine learning-based causal forest (CF) model, we investigated the heterogeneous causal effects of the PCR on oppositional defiant symptoms in children in Chinese elementary schools. Based on the PCR improvement in two consecutive years, 423 children were divided into improved and control groups. The assessment of oppositional defiant symptoms (AODS) in the second year was set as the dependent variable. Additionally, several factors based on the multilevel family model and the baseline AODS in the first year were included as covariates. Consistent with expectations, the CF model showed a significant causal effect between the PCR and oppositional defiant symptoms in the samples. Moreover, the causality exhibited heterogeneity. The causal effect was greater in those children with higher baseline AODS, a worse family atmosphere, and lower emotion regulation abilities in themselves or their parents. Conversely, the parenting style played a positive role in causality. These findings enhance our understanding of how the PCR contributes to the development of oppositional defiant symptoms conditioned by factors from a multilevel family system. The heterogeneous causality in the observation data, established using the machine learning approach, could be helpful in forming personalized family-oriented intervention strategies for children with oppositional defiant symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhou
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (H.Z.); (F.H.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
- Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing 100124, China
- Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Autonomous Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
- Engineering Research Center of Digital Community, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Fengkai Han
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (H.Z.); (F.H.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
- Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing 100124, China
- Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Autonomous Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
- Engineering Research Center of Digital Community, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ruoxi Chen
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiajin Huang
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (H.Z.); (F.H.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
- Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing 100124, China
- Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Autonomous Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
- Engineering Research Center of Digital Community, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (H.Z.); (F.H.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
- Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services, Beijing 100124, China
- Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Perception and Autonomous Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
- Engineering Research Center of Digital Community, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Hails KA, McWhirter AC, Sileci ACB, Stormshak EA. Adolescent-onset cannabis use and parenting young children: an investigation of differential effectiveness of a digital parenting intervention. FRONTIERS IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 2024; 3:1392541. [PMID: 38938592 PMCID: PMC11210799 DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2024.1392541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Introduction There is scant empirical work on associations between current and past cannabis use and parenting skills in parents of young children. As recreational cannabis use is now legal in nearly half of states in the U.S., cannabis use is becoming more ubiquitous. Methods In the current study, parents of toddler and pre-school age children were randomly assigned to participate in an app-based parenting skills program that included telehealth coaching (Family Check-Up Online; FCU-O), with a focus on parenting in the context of substance use. We aimed to test associations between adolescent-onset and current cannabis use and parent mental health and parenting skills, as well as whether effects of the FCU-O on parent mental health outcomes varied as a function of past cannabis use. Participants were 356 parents of children ages 1.5-5 participating in a randomized controlled trial of the FCU-O. Parents screened into the study if they reported current or past substance misuse or current depressive symptoms. After completing a baseline assessment, parents were randomly assigned to the FCU-O or control group and completed a follow-up assessment 3 months later. Parents retrospectively reported on the age when they initially used substances, as well as their current use. Results After accounting for current cannabis use, adolescent-onset cannabis use was significantly associated with higher symptoms of anxiety and depression, but not with parenting skills. Adolescent-onset cannabis use was found to significantly moderate the effect of the FCU-O on parents' anxiety symptoms. Specifically, the FCU-O was particularly effective in reducing anxiety symptoms for parents with adolescent-onset regular cannabis use, after accounting for current cannabis use. Discussion Adolescent-onset regular cannabis use may be a risk factor for later mental health challenges in parents of children under 5. An app-based parenting intervention may be particularly helpful in reducing symptoms of anxiety for parents who used cannabis regularly as adolescents. The findings have significant implications for the prevention of multigenerational risk for substance use and mental health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Hails
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | | | - Audrey C. B. Sileci
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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Rozenman M, Gonzalez A, Vreeland A, Thamrin H, Perez J, Peris TS. Resting State Psychophysiology in Youth with OCD and Their Caregivers: Preliminary Evidence for Trend Synchrony and Links to Family Functioning. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:635-643. [PMID: 36107282 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The burden of OCD in children and adolescents extends to their caregivers. Prior work in other disorders and unaffected youth has found synchrony in psychophysiological arousal for youth-caregiver dyads. This preliminary study explored whether psychophysiological trend synchrony in youth-caregiver dyads (N = 48) occurred and was moderated by youth OCD diagnosis. We also explored whether psychophysiological indices (i.e., electrodermal activity, heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia) were correlated with reported family functioning in the OCD subsample (n = 25). Youth with OCD had higher resting heart rate than unaffected peers; this was not replicated in caregivers. Trend synchrony was found across the full sample of dyads for electrodermal activity and heart rate, with no moderation by diagnostic group. In the OCD group, youth heart rate was correlated with family conflict and caregiver heart rate with expressiveness. Findings provide preliminary support for further examination of heart rate and family factors in OCD-affected youth and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Rozenman
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 S. Race St, 80209, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Araceli Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Allison Vreeland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hardian Thamrin
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jocelyn Perez
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara S Peris
- UCLA Semel Institute Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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McAloon J, Armstrong SM. The Effects of Online Behavioral Parenting Interventions on Child Outcomes, Parenting Ability and Parent Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2024; 27:523-549. [PMID: 38613631 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-024-00477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The twenty-first century has seen the development and delivery of online programs of behavioral family intervention for disruptive child behavior. Typically, programs evaluate outcomes in terms of change in child functioning and change in parenting ability. Existing research has also articulated the importance of parent-child relational capacity and its role in facilitating change in child functioning, and the importance of parent emotion regulation in the interests of ensuring optimal child development. These factors were explored in a meta-analysis of k = 14 prospective longitudinal research studies of online parenting interventions for disruptive child behavior. Peer reviewed randomized controlled trials with inactive control groups that were published in English between 2000 and 2022 were included in the review if they were delivered online; offered parent self-directed treatment; included as participants families who were screened as having child behavioral difficulties on validated psychometric assessment measures; and assessed child treatment outcomes, parenting ability and parent treatment outcomes. The protocol for this study was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020215947). Statistical analyses employed random effects models and reported pooled effect sizes (Hedge's g) within and between groups. Results emphasize the importance of child outcomes and parenting ability in program assessment, however, suggest that parents' capacity to develop optimal parent-child relationships and regulate emotion may not be sufficiently reflected in program content. Identified continuous and categorical moderators of treatment outcome were also assessed. Results of the review are discussed in terms of their potential to influence the future development of online programs of behavioral family intervention and, therefore, child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McAloon
- UTS: Family Child Behavior Clinic, Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Level 5 Building 20, 100 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Simone Mastrillo Armstrong
- UTS: Family Child Behavior Clinic, Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Level 5 Building 20, 100 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Shapiro CJ, Hill-Chapman C, Williams S. Mandated Parent Education: Applications, Impacts, and Future Directions. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2024; 27:300-316. [PMID: 38761324 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-024-00488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Mandated participation in parent education programs is a common practice across the United States for families who are undergoing divorce or who are involved in the child welfare or juvenile justice systems. Mandates to participate in parenting programs create substantial challenges for families, service providers, and service systems. Furthermore, the type and quality of the parenting services accessed vary widely, and their impacts need to be better understood. To address this need, an overview of the current state of the empirical literature on the impacts and outcomes of mandated parenting interventions for divorce and in child welfare and juvenile justice settings is provided, and suggestions to the field are offered to refine research related to mandated parenting programs. Given the challenges that mandated parenting programs pose, an alternative approach that views parenting through a public health lens is highlighted to build on the growing body of research on the impacts of population-wide applications of parenting support programs, and as a possible way to decrease the number of parents who are required to attend parenting programs. Opportunities to advance universal parenting support within a range of community settings, including primary care, early childhood education, and community mental health systems are offered. Gaps in knowledge regarding mechanisms of action of universal supports and impacts on the number of parents mandated to treatment are highlighted, and future directions for research in this area are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheri J Shapiro
- Institute for Families in Society, College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, 1600 Hampton St., Suite 507, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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R Sanchez C, L Cooley J. Peer Victimization and Callous-Unemotional Traits: The Impact of Parents and Teachers. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01213-w. [PMID: 38819578 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Research on the link between peer victimization and callous-unemotional (CU) traits has primarily relied on cross-sectional designs and yielded equivocal findings. In light of the poor outcomes related to peer victimization and CU traits, it is important to determine whether this link is reciprocal in nature and to identify factors that may influence its strength. Accordingly, the current study investigated the bidirectional association between peer victimization and CU traits over a 6-month period, accounting for the moderating effects of parents (i.e., support and hostility) and teachers (i.e., support and conflict). Participants included 284 third- through fifth-grade students (ages 7-12; 51.8% boys; 51.1% Hispanic) and their homeroom teachers. Children provided ratings of peer victimization, parental hostility, and parent and teacher support. Teachers provided ratings of CU traits and student-teacher conflict. A series of cross-lagged panel models were estimated. Results revealed that, at higher levels of parental hostility, peer victimization predicted increases in CU traits over time; in contrast, peer victimization predicted decreases in CU traits at lower levels of parental hostility. Surprisingly, at higher levels of teacher conflict, peer victimization predicted decreases in CU traits over time. CU traits did not interact with parent or teacher variables to predict subsequent peer victimization. Moreover, parental hostility was positively associated with subsequent peer victimization, whereas teacher support predicted decreases in victimization over time. These findings build on previous research examining environmental influences on the expression of CU traits by highlighting peer victimization and parental hostility as potential risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Sanchez
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - John L Cooley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Lotto CR, Altafim ERP, Linhares MBM. Maternal Emotional and Behavioral Regulation/Dysregulation and Parenting Practices: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241253036. [PMID: 38804703 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241253036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Emotional and behavioral regulations are crucial for the development of perceptive, responsive, and flexible parenting. Moreover, maternal emotional dysregulation constitutes a risk for maltreatment behaviors. The present study aimed to conduct a systematic review of empirical studies on the associations between mothers' emotional and behavioral regulations and parenting practices with their children or adolescents. A systematic review was conducted, including papers that addressed these variables, analyzing the direct effects, and moderation or mediation effects of maternal emotional and behavioral regulation on parenting practices, targeting child and adolescent samples. We identified 35 studies for analysis. Most of the studies (86%) showed significant associations between maternal emotional and behavioral regulation and parenting practices. Mothers' emotional dysregulation was related to a high risk of maltreatment and negative parenting, such as unsupportive reactions and harsh discipline. High maternal emotional dysregulation and negative parenting, in turn, were associated with children's aggressive behaviors. Conversely, when mothers exhibited high emotional regulation, they engaged in more positive and supportive parenting. Additionally, maternal behavioral regulation with inhibitory control and effortful control led to supportive and warm parenting. Individual and contextual factors, such as maternal victimization history and symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity, had effects on maternal emotional dysregulation, which, in turn, impacted their parenting practices. Consequently, emotional and behavioral regulation played a crucial role in mothers' parenting practices with their children and adolescents. The findings of the current review could contribute to planning parenting interventions, including maternal emotional and behavioral regulation skills, aimed at preventing maltreatment of their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Regina Lotto
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Yükçü ŞB, Demircioğlu H. Developing the mother-child interaction inventory and uncovering mother-child interaction profiles in Türkiye. J Pediatr Nurs 2024:S0882-5963(24)00203-3. [PMID: 38797644 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to design a mother-report inventory to comprehensively assess mother-child interaction in the 0-3 age range, focusing on maternal and child interaction behavior and mutual attunement. METHODS Our research involved three stages, with 1061 mothers and their 0-3-year-old children: 45 in the pilot study, 498 in exploratory factor analysis and latent profile analysis, and 518 in confirmatory factor analysis. FINDINGS The Mother-Child Interaction Inventory emerged as a valid and reliable measurement tool, comprising three distinct scales: 1) Maternal Interaction Behavior Questionnaire with sensitive structuring, hostility, and intrusiveness subscales; 2) Child Interaction Behavior Questionnaire with emotional-behavioral involvement and child characteristics; and 3) Mutual Attunement Questionnaire with reciprocity and problem-solving subscales. Latent profile analysis revealed four mother-child interaction profiles, indicating different characteristics in maternal and child interaction behavior and mutual attunement, categorized as "Excellent interaction quality," "Average interaction quality 1", "Average interaction quality 2," and "Poor interaction quality." DISCUSSION The study underscores the significance of maternal and child interaction behavior and mutual attunement in determining the quality of mother-child interaction. The mother-report The Mother-Child Interaction Inventory is a functional measurement tool to evaluate interaction separately and holistically, unveiling mother-child interaction profiles in the Turkish context. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The practical implications of this research are significant for health professionals, educators, and stakeholders working with children and families. The Mother-Child Interaction Inventory provides a valuable tool for assessing interaction dynamics, offering insights that can be directly applied to improve mother-child interaction.
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Kılıç C, Yüksel Doğan R, Metin EN. Exploring the Relationship between Turkish Mothers' Parenting and Psychological Well-Being in Early Childhood: The Role of Child Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:426. [PMID: 38920758 PMCID: PMC11200770 DOI: 10.3390/bs14060426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the importance of psychological well-being in early childhood is emphasized, the number of studies conducted with children and adolescents in this field is less than those carried out with adults. The present study aimed to explore the role of child emotion regulation in the relationship between parenting and psychological well-being among a sample of Turkish preschoolers aged 5-6. It further examines the mediating role of emotion regulation. The sample consisted of 416 mothers with children aged 5-6 (Mage = 5.38, SD = 0.48; 50% girls-boys). We collected the data using the Multidimensional Assessment of Parenting Scale (MAPS), the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC), and the Psychological Well-Being Scale for Children (PWBS-C). The findings revealed significant relationships among parenting practices (positive/negative), the child's emotion regulation/dysregulation, and the child's psychological well-being. Moreover, the findings revealed that positive parenting, directly and indirectly, affects children's psychological well-being through children's emotion regulation. On the other hand, findings disclosed that negative parenting has both a direct and indirect impact on children's psychological well-being through children's emotion regulation. Overall, the study may shed light on a possible process in which positive parenting boosts a child's emotional regulation and psychological well-being among preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Kılıç
- Department of Child Development, Vocational School of Social Sciences, Baskent University, 06790 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Raziye Yüksel Doğan
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; (R.Y.D.); (E.N.M.)
| | - Emine Nilgün Metin
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; (R.Y.D.); (E.N.M.)
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Rinne GR, Podosin M, Mahrer NE, Shalowitz MU, Ramey SL, Dunkel Schetter C. Prospective associations of prenatal stress with child behavior: Moderation by the early childhood caregiving environment. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38738363 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Fetal exposure to prenatal stress can increase risk for psychopathology but postnatal caregiving may offset risk. This study tests whether maternal sensitivity and the home environment during early childhood modify associations of prenatal stress with offspring behavior in a sample of 127 mother-child pairs (n = 127). Mothers reported on perceived stress during pregnancy. Maternal sensitivity was rated by coders during a parent-child free play task when children were 4 years old. One year later, mothers reported on the home environment, child internalizing and externalizing behaviors, and children completed an assessment of inhibitory control. As hypothesized, the early childhood caregiving environment modified associations of prenatal stress with child behavior. Specifically, prenatal stress was associated with more internalizing behaviors at lower levels of maternal sensitivity and in home environments that were lower in emotional support and cognitive stimulation, but not at mean or higher levels. Furthermore, prenatal stress was associated with lower inhibitory control only at lower levels of maternal sensitivity, but not at higher levels. Maternal sensitivity and an emotionally supportive and cognitively stimulating home environment in early childhood may be important factors that mitigate risk for mental health problems among children exposed to prenatal stress.
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Tømmerås T, Backer-Grøndahl A, Høstmælingen A, Laland H, Gomez MB, Apeland A, Karlsson LRA, Grønlie AA, Torsvik S, Bringedal GE, Monica A, Fisher PA, Gardner F, Kjøbli J, Malmberg-Heimonen I, Nissen-Lie HA. Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of supportive parents - coping kids (SPARCK)-a transdiagnostic and personalized parent training intervention to prevent childhood mental health problems. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:264. [PMID: 38741201 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To meet the scientific and political call for effective prevention of child and youth mental health problems and associated long-term consequences, we have co-created, tested, and optimized a transdiagnostic preventive parent-training intervention, Supportive parents - coping kids (SPARCK), together with and for the municipal preventive frontline services. The target group of SPARCK is parents of children between 4 and 12 years who display symptoms of anxiety, depression, and/or behavioral problems, that is, indicated prevention. The intervention consists of components from various empirically supported interventions representing different theorical models on parent-child interactions and child behavior and psychopathology (i.e., behavioral management interventions, attachment theory, emotion socialization theory, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and family accommodation intervention). The content and target strategies of SPARCK are tailored to the needs of the families and children, and the manual suggests how the target strategies may be personalized and combined throughout the maximum 12 sessions of the intervention. The aim of this project is to investigate the effectiveness of SPARCK on child symptoms, parenting practices, and parent and child stress hormone levels, in addition to later use of specialized services compared with usual care (UC; eg. active comparison group). METHODS We describe a randomized controlled effectiveness trial in the frontline services of child welfare, health, school health and school psychological counselling services in 24 Norwegian municipalities. It is a two-armed parallel group randomized controlled effectiveness and superiority trial with 252 families randomly allocated to SPARCK or UC. Assessment of key variables will be conducted at pre-, post-, and six-month follow-up. DISCUSSION The current study will contribute with knowledge on potential effects of a preventive transdiagnostic parent-training intervention when compared with UC. Our primary objective is to innovate frontline services with a usable, flexible, and effective intervention for prevention of childhood mental health problems to promote equity in access to care for families and children across a heterogeneous service landscape characterized by variations in available resources, personnel, and end user symptomatology. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NTCT05800522.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tømmerås
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - A Høstmælingen
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Laland
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
| | - M B Gomez
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Apeland
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
| | - L R A Karlsson
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
| | - A A Grønlie
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Torsvik
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
| | - G E Bringedal
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aas Monica
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Phillip Andrew Fisher
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
- Stanford University, Graduate School of Education, Stanford, US
| | - Frances Gardner
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Kjøbli
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ira Malmberg-Heimonen
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Faculty of Social Work, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helene Amundsen Nissen-Lie
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Department of Psychology, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Fanti KA, Mavrommatis I, Díaz-Vázquez B, López-Romero L, Romero E, Álvarez-Voces M, Colins OF, Andershed H, Thomson N. Fearlessness as an Underlying Mechanism Leading to Conduct Problems: Testing the INTERFEAR Model in a Community Sample in Spain. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:546. [PMID: 38790541 PMCID: PMC11119632 DOI: 10.3390/children11050546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Conduct problems (CP) in childhood and adolescence have a significant impact on the individual, family, and community. To improve treatment for CP, there is a need to improve the understanding of the developmental pathways leading to CP in boys and girls. Prior research has linked the child's fearlessness and callous-unemotional (CU) traits, as well as experiences of parental warmth and punitive parenting, to CP. However, few studies have tested the interplay of these factors in contributing to future CP development. The present study aimed to test the InterFear model, which suggests that fearlessness in early childhood leads to CP through an indirect pathway involving low positive parenting, high negative/punitive parenting, and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. The sample included 2467 Spanish children (48.1% girls; Mage = 4.25; SD = 0.91), followed up across a five-year period. Besides a direct association between fearlessness in early childhood and future CP, the results found an indirect pathway whereby fearlessness reduces positive parenting and increases punitive parenting, which contributes to the development of CU traits and sets the stage for CP in later childhood. The specific indirect effect from fearlessness to CP via CU traits accounted for most of the variance, suggesting the existence of a temperamental pathway independent of parental variables. Further, two additional indirect pathways, exclusive of fearlessness, were identified, which started with low parental warmth and positive parenting, leading to CP via CU traits. These findings support the InterFear model, demonstrating multiple pathways to CP with the involvement of fearlessness, parenting practices, and CU traits. This model might play a pivotal role in the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies for CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas A. Fanti
- Department of Psychology, Faculty od Social Sciences and Education, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
| | - Ioannis Mavrommatis
- Department of Psychology, Faculty od Social Sciences and Education, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
| | - Beatriz Díaz-Vázquez
- Instituto de Psicoloxía (IPsiUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (B.D.-V.); (L.L.-R.); (E.R.); (M.Á.-V.)
| | - Laura López-Romero
- Instituto de Psicoloxía (IPsiUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (B.D.-V.); (L.L.-R.); (E.R.); (M.Á.-V.)
| | - Estrella Romero
- Instituto de Psicoloxía (IPsiUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (B.D.-V.); (L.L.-R.); (E.R.); (M.Á.-V.)
| | - María Álvarez-Voces
- Instituto de Psicoloxía (IPsiUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (B.D.-V.); (L.L.-R.); (E.R.); (M.Á.-V.)
| | - Olivier F. Colins
- Department of Special Needs Education, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Siences, Ghent University, Dunantlaan 1, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Henrik Andershed
- School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden;
| | - Nicholas Thomson
- Department of Surgery and Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
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15
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Aitken M, Perquier F, Haltigan JD, Wang L, Andrade BF, Battaglia M, Szatmari P, Georgiades K. Individual- and family-level associations between child psychopathology and parenting. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:944-952. [PMID: 37017128 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Parenting can protect against the development of, or increase risk for, child psychopathology; however, it is unclear if parenting is related to psychopathology symptoms in a specific domain, or to broad liability for psychopathology. Parenting differs between and within families, and both overall family-level parenting and the child-specific parenting a child receives may be important in estimating transdiagnostic associations with psychopathology. Data come from a cross-sectional epidemiological sample (N = 10,605 children ages 4-17, 6434 households). Parents rated child internalizing and externalizing symptoms and their parenting toward each child. General and specific (internalizing, externalizing) psychopathology factors, derived with bifactor modeling, were regressed on parenting using multilevel modeling. Less warmth and more aversive/inconsistent parenting in the family, and toward an individual child relative to family average, were associated with higher general psychopathology and specific externalizing problems. Unexpectedly, more warmth in the family, and toward an individual child relative to family average, was associated with higher specific internalizing problems in 4-11 (not 12-17) year-olds. Less warmth and more aversive/inconsistent parenting are broad correlates of child psychopathology. Aversive/inconsistent parenting, is also related to specific externalizing problems. Parents may behave more warmly when their younger children have specific internalizing problems, net of overall psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Aitken
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Florence Perquier
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - John D Haltigan
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences & Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Brendan F Andrade
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Marco Battaglia
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katholiki Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences & Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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16
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Hu J, Zheng Q, Zhou T, Huang Z. Development and initial validation of the parental response to adolescents' emotions scale: A mixed methods approach. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024. [PMID: 38650355 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
An exploratory mixed methods design was used to explore age-appropriate characteristics of parental response to emotion (PRE) during adolescence in Chinese families and develop the parental response to adolescents' emotions scale (C-PRAES). Qualitative interviews with 21 parent-adolescent dyads were employed to explore characteristics of PRE in adolescence and generate item pools. Structural validity, criterion validity, measurement invariance across informants (adolescents vs. parents, mothers vs. fathers) and consistency reliability were examined in the quantitative phase (Nadolescent = 702, Nparent = 476). New age-appropriate strategies were generated from qualitative phase: Guidance in reappraisal, Allowing independent regulation, and Avoiding escalation of conflict. The formal version of the C-PRAES comprised items in two dimensions (supportive/non-supportive) and exhibited good validity, reliability, and measurement invariance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hu
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47906, IN, USA
| | - Qinliang Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Discipline of Pediatric Internal Medicine (Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University), Jining, Shandong, China
- Jining Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Severe Infection in Children, Jining Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Severe Infection in Children, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Zangri RM, Blanco I, Pascual T, Vázquez C. Unlocking the past: efficacy of guided self-compassion and benefit-focused online interventions for managing negative personal memories. Cogn Emot 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38635402 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2337132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Positive reappraisal strategies have been found to reduce negative affect following the recall of negative personal events. This study examined the restorative effect of two mood-repair instructions (self-compassion vs benefit-focused reappraisal) and a control condition with no instructions following a negative Mood Induction Procedure by using the guided recall of a negative autobiographical event. A total of 112 university students participated in the online study (81% women, Mage: 21.0 years). Immediately following the negative memory recall, participants were randomised to each condition [(self-compassion: n = 36, benefit-focused: n = 39) or a control condition (n = 37)]. Repeated measures ANOVAs 3 (Repair condition) × 3 (Time of mood assessment: pre-recall, post-recall, post-regulation) showed that, as expected, negative mood (sadness, shame, and guilt) worsened significantly after the guided recall in all groups (p < .001). After the mood-repair intervention, participants in the self-compassion and benefit-focused conditions showed a significant reduction in negative mood (p < .019), while such improvement was not observed in the control group. Self-compassion and benefit-focused reappraisal functioned similarly as mood repair strategies after experiencing negative affect induced by the recall of negative personal memories. Implications in the context of autobiographical memory biases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Maria Zangri
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Blanco
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teodoro Pascual
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Vázquez
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Halse M, Steinsbekk S, Bjørklund O, Hammar Å, Wichstrøm L. Emotions or cognitions first? Longitudinal relations between executive functions and emotion regulation in childhood. Child Dev 2024. [PMID: 38590290 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Executive functions and emotion regulation develop from early childhood to adolescence and are predictive of important psychosocial outcomes. However, despite the correlation between the two regulatory capacities, whether they are prospectively related in school-aged children remains unknown, and the direction of effects is uncertain. In this study, a sample drawn from two birth cohorts in Norway was biennially examined between the ages of 6 and 14 (n = 852, 50.1% girls, 93% Norwegian). Parents completed the Emotion Regulation Checklist, and teachers completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed that improved emotion regulation predicted increased executive functioning to the same extent throughout development, whereas enhanced executive functioning was unrelated to future changes in emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Halse
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silje Steinsbekk
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Oda Bjørklund
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Lars Wichstrøm
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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19
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Gu J, Guo Y, Wang JL. Childhood maltreatment and Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:721-727. [PMID: 38272359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Although childhood maltreatment has been suggested to play an important role in developing Internet addiction among adolescents, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this association. The present study investigated (a) the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy (MCERS) in the association between childhood maltreatment and Internet addiction, and (b) the moderating role of peer support in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and Internet addiction. A sample of 4163 Chinese adolescents (50.3 % females, Mage = 14.25, SD = 1.53) were recruited. The moderated mediation model showed that MCERS mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and Internet addiction. Furthermore, the mediating process was moderated by peer support. Interestingly, peer support can protect adolescents from being affected by higher levels of MCERS while it displays limited protective effect when adolescents suffered from higher levels of childhood maltreatment. These findings indicate that reducing the MCERS and enhancing peer support can contribute to the alleviation of negative influences of childhood maltreatment on Internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Gu
- Center for Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, China
| | - YuanYuan Guo
- Center for Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Center for Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, China.
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20
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Ansar N, Nissen Lie HA, Stiegler JR. The effects of emotion-focused skills training on parental mental health, emotion regulation and self-efficacy: Mediating processes between parents and children. Psychother Res 2024; 34:518-537. [PMID: 37311111 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2218539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Emotion-Focused Skills Training (EFST) is a short-term parental intervention based on humanistic principles. While studies have demonstrated the efficacy of EFST in alleviating child mental health symptoms, the mechanisms by which this happens is less clear. The present study investigated whether program participation led to improvements in the parents' own mental health, emotion regulation, and self-efficacy, and compared two versions of EFST: one experiential involving evocative techniques, and one psychoeducational involving didactic teaching of skills. Further, this study investigated whether improvements in parent outcomes mediated the effects on children's mental health. All parents received 2-days group training and 6 h of individual supervision. Methods: 313 parents (Mage = 40.5, 75.1% mothers) of 236 children (ages 6-13, 60.6% boys) with mental health difficulties within the clinical range and their teachers (N = 113, 82% female) were included. Participants were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 4-, 8- and 12-months follow-up. Results: Multilevel analysis showed significant improvements over time on all parental outcomes with large effects (drange0.6-1.1, ps < .001), with fathers benefitting more in terms of emotion regulation and self-efficacy (ps < .05). Significant differences were found between conditions on parental mental health and self-efficacy (all p's > .05). Cross-lagged panel models showed indirect effects of child symptoms at post-intervention on all parental outcomes at 12-months follow-up (βrange0.30-0.59, ps < .05). Bidirectional associations were observed between children's mental health symptoms and parental self-efficacy (βrange0.13-0.30, ps < .05). Conclusion: This study provides support for the effect of EFST on parent outcomes and the reciprocal relationship between the mental health of children's and their parents.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03807336.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ansar
- Department of Research and Development, Norwegian Institute of Emotion-Focused Therapy, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jan Reidar Stiegler
- Department of Research and Development, Norwegian Institute of Emotion-Focused Therapy, Bergen, Norway
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21
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Meredith WJ, Silvers JA. Experience-dependent neurodevelopment of self-regulation in adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 66:101356. [PMID: 38364507 PMCID: PMC10878838 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of rapid biobehavioral change, characterized in part by increased neural maturation and sensitivity to one's environment. In this review, we aim to demonstrate that self-regulation skills are tuned by adolescents' social, cultural, and socioeconomic contexts. We discuss adjacent literatures that demonstrate the importance of experience-dependent learning for adolescent development: environmental contextual influences and training paradigms that aim to improve regulation skills. We first highlight changes in prominent limbic and cortical regions-like the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex-as well as structural and functional connectivity between these areas that are associated with adolescents' regulation skills. Next, we consider how puberty, the hallmark developmental milestone in adolescence, helps instantiate these biobehavioral adaptations. We then survey the existing literature demonstrating the ways in which cultural, socioeconomic, and interpersonal contexts drive behavioral and neural adaptation for self-regulation. Finally, we highlight promising results from regulation training paradigms that suggest training may be especially efficacious for adolescent samples. In our conclusion, we highlight some exciting frontiers in human self-regulation research as well as recommendations for improving the methodological implementation of developmental neuroimaging studies and training paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley J Meredith
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Silvers
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Vergara-Lopez C, Sokol NA, Bublitz MH, Gaffey AE, Gomez A, Mercado N, Silk JS, Stroud LR. Exploring the Impact of Maternal and Paternal Acceptance on Adolescent Girls' Emotion Regulation. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:320-326. [PMID: 35916983 PMCID: PMC10316317 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Maternal acceptance is associated with youth emotion regulation (a correlate of depression among adolescent girls); however, less is known about the impact of fathers. In this prospective study, we examined effects of maternal and paternal acceptance on youth sadness inhibition (a facet of emotion dysregulation) among adolescent girls (n = 82; Mage = 13.28; 43% from minoritized racial/ethnic groups) over 1 year. Youth varied on depression risk, which was assessed via clinical diagnostic interviews. Bivariate results showed that maternal acceptance was associated with lower youth sadness inhibition at baseline and 1-year follow-up, while paternal acceptance was only associated with lower youth sadness inhibition at 1-year follow-up. Step-wise regressions showed that paternal acceptance was inversely associated with youth sadness inhibition over time, above and beyond effects of youth age, baseline sadness inhibition, depression risk, and maternal acceptance. Findings highlight the importance of examining both mothers' and fathers' impact on adolescent girls' development of emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystal Vergara-Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA.
| | - Natasha A Sokol
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Margaret H Bublitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Women's Medicine Collaborative, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Allison E Gaffey
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrea Gomez
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Nadia Mercado
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, The Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura R Stroud
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
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23
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Hare M, Conroy K, Georgiadis C, Shaw AM. Abbreviated Dialectical Behavior Therapy Virtual Skills Group for Caregivers of Adolescents: An Exploratory Study of Service User and Clinical Outcomes. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01681-7. [PMID: 38530589 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Prior work emphasizes involving caregivers in youth mental health services. To support youth with emotion dysregulation, dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents (DBT-A) includes a multi-family skills group, wherein adolescents and caregivers learn skills together. However, limited work has examined the impact of caregiver involvement within DBT-A. The current study examines outcomes of two caregiver-only DBT-A skills groups adapted for abbreviated telehealth delivery. We report on caregivers' (N = 11, 100% mothers, 55% Hispanic) service user outcomes (e.g. self-efficacy at skill usage, group cohesion, therapeutic alliance) and clinical outcomes (i.e. their own emotion functioning, criticism, responses to their adolescent's negative emotions). Results indicate caregiver-only groups were feasible and acceptable, and suggest preliminary efficacy, including improvements in caregiver emotion functioning, distress during interactions with their adolescents, and adolescent-reported criticism. Caregivers also reported reductions in unsupportive responses with their adolescents. Overall, while we caution interpretation due to a small sample size, findings support the preliminary feasibility and efficacy of modifying caregiver participation in DBT-A to be less time-consuming and administered via telehealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Hare
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Kristina Conroy
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Christopher Georgiadis
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ashley M Shaw
- Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA.
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Huang X, Gao L, Xiao J, Li L, Shan X, Chen H, Chai X, Duan X. Family Environment Modulates Linkage of Transdiagnostic Psychiatric Phenotypes and Dissociable Brain Features in the Developing Brain. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00081-8. [PMID: 38537777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family environment has long been known for shaping brain function and psychiatric phenotypes, especially during childhood and adolescence. Accumulating neuroimaging evidence suggests that across different psychiatric disorders, common phenotypes may share common neural bases, indicating latent brain-behavior relationships beyond diagnostic categories. However, the influence of family environment on the brain-behavior relationship from a transdiagnostic perspective remains unknown. METHODS We included a community-based sample of 699 participants (ages 5-22 years) and applied partial least squares regression analysis to determine latent brain-behavior relationships from whole-brain functional connectivity and comprehensive phenotypic measures. Comparisons were made between diagnostic and nondiagnostic groups to help interpret the latent brain-behavior relationships. A moderation model was introduced to examine the potential moderating role of family factors in the estimated brain-behavior associations. RESULTS Four significant latent brain-behavior pairs were identified that reflected the relationship of dissociable brain network and general behavioral problems, cognitive and language skills, externalizing problems, and social dysfunction, respectively. The group comparisons exhibited interpretable variations across different diagnostic groups. A warm family environment was found to moderate the brain-behavior relationship of core symptoms in internalizing disorders. However, in neurodevelopmental disorders, family factors were not found to moderate the brain-behavior relationship of core symptoms, but they were found to affect the brain-behavior relationship in other domains. CONCLUSIONS Our findings leveraged a transdiagnostic analysis to investigate the moderating effects of family factors on brain-behavior associations, emphasizing the different roles that family factors play during this developmental period across distinct diagnostic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Huang
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Leying Gao
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jinming Xiao
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolong Shan
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chai
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Xujun Duan
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Duyile BE, LoCasale-Crouch J, NeSmith TB, Turnbull KLP, Colson E, Corwin MJ, Mateus MC, Forbes E, Geller N, Heeren T, Hauck FR, Jaworski B, Kellams A, Kerr S, Moon RY. Maternal Education and Child Self-Regulation: Do Maternal Self-Regulation and Responsiveness Mediate the Association? Acad Pediatr 2024:S1876-2859(24)00111-6. [PMID: 38513966 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the mediating role of observed maternal responsiveness and maternal self-regulation on the association between maternal education and children's self-regulation. METHODS English-speaking mother-child dyads (n = 189) were recruited from a previous study and were eligible if the child was kindergarten eligible at the start of the 2020 to 2021 or 2021 to 2022 school year. Key measures included: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form for maternal emotional self-regulation, Culturally Affirming and Responsive Experiences for maternal responsiveness, and the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders for child self-regulation. The association between years of maternal education and child self-regulation was examined with linear regression, and the mediation analyses utilized 4 subsequent steps examining their relations. These steps were checked through a series of linear regressions, and beta weights were used to describe associations. Each potential mediator was examined separately. RESULTS Children of mothers with higher education had significantly higher self-regulation, slope of 1.3 (95% confidence interval 0.3, 2.4, P = 0.015, beta = 0.18). Further, mothers with higher education had significantly higher observed responsiveness. The beta-weight of 0.34 (P < 0.001) supported maternal responsiveness as a mediator. Finally, in the test for direct and indirect effects, observed maternal responsiveness explained 29% (95% confidence interval 3.3%, 115%) of the association between maternal education and child self-regulation. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights a key mechanism related to children's self-regulation skills and the significant role of observed maternal responsiveness in explaining the association between maternal education and child self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisola E Duyile
- Department of Counseling (BE Duyile), Montclair State University, NJ
| | - Jennifer LoCasale-Crouch
- Department of Educational Psychology (J LoCasale-Crouch), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond.
| | - Tessa B NeSmith
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Education (TB NeSmith), Richmond
| | - Khara L P Turnbull
- Center for Advanced Study of Teaching and Learning (KLP Turnbull), University of Virginia, School of Education and Human Development, Charlottesville
| | - Eve Colson
- Department of Pediatrics (E Colson), Washington University School of Medicine, Mo
| | - Michael J Corwin
- Slone Epidemiology Center (MJ Corwin, N Geller, and S Kerr), Boston University, Mass
| | - Mayaris Cubides Mateus
- School of Education and Human Development (MC Mateus), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | | | - Nicole Geller
- Slone Epidemiology Center (MJ Corwin, N Geller, and S Kerr), Boston University, Mass
| | - Tim Heeren
- Department of Biostatistics (T Heeren), Boston University School of Public Health, Mass
| | - Fern R Hauck
- Department of Family Medicine (FR Hauck), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Brianna Jaworski
- Center for Advanced Study of Teaching and Learning (B Jaworski), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Ann Kellams
- Division of General Pediatrics (A Kellams), Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Stephen Kerr
- Slone Epidemiology Center (MJ Corwin, N Geller, and S Kerr), Boston University, Mass
| | - Rachel Y Moon
- Division of General Pediatrics (RY Moon), Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
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Zhang W, Wang Z. The longitudinal relationship between childhood trauma and adolescents' externalizing problems: A moderated mediation model. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106646. [PMID: 38266582 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Externalizing problems among adolescents are prevalent, which are associated with a range of maladaptive developmental outcomes. Existing studies investigated the influence of childhood trauma, and attentional control on and how sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is related to adolescents' externalizing problems. However, it is unknown whether attentional control plays a mediating role in the relationships between childhood trauma and adolescents' externalizing problems, and whether SPS plays a moderating role in these relationships. The present study examined these issues with a six-month-interval longitudinal study design. METHODS A total of 1933 junior school students (Grade 7, Mage = 12.82, 47.7 % girls) from a large follow-up project in a city of eastern China participated in the study. After half a year (wave 2), the data of 1890 participants (Grade 8) were collected. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Attentional Control Scale (ACS-C), Highly Sensitive Child Scale (HSCS), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL-YSR) were administered to the participants to assess their childhood trauma, attentional control, SPS, and externalizing problems in two waves. The immediate and longitudinal moderated mediation models were utilized to investigate the relationships among these factors. RESULTS Childhood trauma significantly and positively predicted adolescents' externalizing problems. Attentional control played an immediate and longitudinal mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and externalizing problems. SPS moderated the relationship between childhood trauma and adolescents' attentional control. Childhood trauma had a greater effect on the attentional control of adolescents with SPS levels. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that childhood trauma might impair adolescents' attentional control and then increase their externalizing problems. The influence of childhood trauma on attentional control is more serious among adolescents with lower SPS levels. Therefore, decreasing and preventing childhood trauma and building a warm nurturing environment might be beneficial to improving adolescents' attentional control ability and then reduce their externalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, China.
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Veenman M, Janssen LHC, van Houtum LAEM, Wever MCM, Verkuil B, Epskamp S, Fried EI, Elzinga BM. A Network Study of Family Affect Systems in Daily Life. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2024; 59:371-405. [PMID: 38356299 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2023.2283632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time period characterized by extremes in affect and increasing prevalence of mental health problems. Prior studies have illustrated how affect states of adolescents are related to interactions with parents. However, it remains unclear how affect states among family triads, that is adolescents and their parents, are related in daily life. This study investigated affect state dynamics (happy, sad, relaxed, and irritated) of 60 family triads, including 60 adolescents (Mage = 15.92, 63.3% females), fathers and mothers (Mage = 49.16). The families participated in the RE-PAIR study, where they reported their affect states in four ecological momentary assessments per day for 14 days. First, we used multilevel vector-autoregressive network models to estimate affect dynamics across all families, and for each family individually. Resulting models elucidated how family affect states were related at the same moment, and over time. We identified relations from parents to adolescents and vice versa, while considering family variation in these relations. Second, we evaluated the statistical performance of the network model via a simulation study, varying the percentage missing data, the number of families, and the number of time points. We conclude with substantive and statistical recommendations for future research on family affect dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe Veenman
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University
| | - Loes H C Janssen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University
| | | | - Mirjam C M Wever
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University
| | - Bart Verkuil
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University
| | - Sacha Epskamp
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore
| | - Eiko I Fried
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University
| | - Bernet M Elzinga
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University
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Jacques DT, Sturge-Apple ML, Davies PT, Cicchetti D. Maternal alcohol dependence symptoms, maternal insensitivity to children's distress, and young children's blunted emotional reactivity. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38426705 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Maternal insensitivity to children's emotional distress (e.g., expressions of sadness or fearfulness) is one mechanism through which maternal alcohol dependence may increase children's risk for psychopathology. Although emotion dysregulation is consistently associated with psychopathology, it remains unclear how or why alcohol dependence's effects on caregiving responses to children's distress may impact children's emotion regulation over time, particularly in ways that may engender risks for psychopathology. This study examined longitudinal associations between lifetime maternal alcohol dependence symptoms, mothers' insensitivity to children's emotional distress cues, and children's emotional reactivity among 201 mother-child dyads (Mchild age = 2.14 years; 56% Black; 11% Latino). Structural equation modeling analyses revealed a significant mediational pathway such that maternal alcohol dependence predicted increases in mothers' insensitivity to children's emotional distress across a one-year period (β = .16, p = .013), which subsequently predicted decreases in children's emotional reactivity one year later (β = -.29, p = .009). Results suggest that mothers with alcohol dependence symptoms may struggle to sensitively respond to children's emotional distress, which may prompt children to suppress or hide their emotions as an adaptive, protective strategy. The potential developmental benefits and consequences of early, protective expressive suppression strategies are discussed via developmental psychopathology frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa L Sturge-Apple
- Department of Psychology and Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Patrick T Davies
- Department of Psychology and Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Ehrlich KB, Celia-Sanchez ML, Yu T, Heard-Garris N, Chen E, Miller GE, Brody GH. Exposure to parental depression in adolescence and proinflammatory phenotypes 20 years later. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:196-203. [PMID: 38242368 PMCID: PMC10932843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the biological embedding model of adversity proposes that stressful experiences in childhood create a durable proinflammatory phenotype in immune cells, research to date has relied on study designs that limit our ability to make conclusions about whether the phenotype is long-lasting. The present study leverages an ongoing 20-year investigation of African American youth to test research questions about the extent to which stressors measured in childhood forecast a proinflammatory phenotype in adulthood, as indicated by exaggerated cytokine responses to bacterial stimuli, monocyte insensitivity to inhibitory signals from hydrocortisone, and low-grade inflammation. Parents reported on their depressive symptoms and unsupportive parenting tendencies across youths' adolescence. At age 31, youth participants (now adults) completed a fasting blood draw. Samples were incubated with lipopolysaccharide and doses of hydrocortisone to evaluate proinflammatory processes. Additionally, blood samples were tested for indicators of low-grade inflammation, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α, and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor. Analyses revealed that parental depression across youths' adolescence prospectively predicted indicators of proinflammatory phenotypes at age 31. Follow-up analyses suggested that unsupportive parenting mediated these associations. These findings suggest that exposure to parental depression in adolescence leaves an imprint on inflammatory activity that can be observed 20 years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Ehrlich
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | | | - Tianyi Yu
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nia Heard-Garris
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Edith Chen
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Gene H Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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30
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Lin SC, Kehoe C, Pozzi E, Liontos D, Whittle S. Research Review: Child emotion regulation mediates the association between family factors and internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents - a meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:260-274. [PMID: 37803878 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental influence on children's internalizing symptoms has been well established; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. One possible mechanism is child emotion regulation given evidence (a) of its associations with internalizing symptoms and (b) that the development of emotion regulation during childhood and adolescence is influenced by aspects of the family environment. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically investigate the mediating role of child emotion regulation in the relationship between various family factors and internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, and Web of Science for English articles up until November 2022. We included studies that examined child emotion regulation as a mediator between a family factor and child/adolescent internalizing symptoms. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled indirect effects and total effects for nine family factors. Heterogeneity and mediation ratio were also calculated. RESULTS Of 49 studies with 24,524 participants in this meta-analysis, family factors for which emotion regulation mediated the association with child/adolescent internalizing symptoms included: unsupportive emotion socialization, psychological control, secure attachment, aversiveness, family conflict, parent emotion regulation and parent psychopathology, but not supportive emotion socialization and behavioral control. CONCLUSIONS Various family factors impact children's emotion regulation development, and in turn, contribute to the risk of internalizing symptoms in young people. Findings from this study highlight the need for interventions targeting modifiable parenting behaviors to promote healthy emotion regulation and better mental health in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Chu Lin
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Christiane Kehoe
- Mindful, Centre for Training and Research in Developmental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Elena Pozzi
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Daniel Liontos
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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31
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Jiang Q, Liu P, Qin Y, Zhao Z, Bing Y, Sun J, Dai Z, Qian Y, Yuan L. Relationship between positive parenting and adolescents' depressive symptoms: Evidence from a Chinese research survey. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:378-387. [PMID: 37990518 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231212090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents often carry their depression well into their adulthood. This creates perpetual difficulties for their family and society. Research on the relationship between positive parenting and adolescent depressive symptoms is rare. The protective effect of positive parenting on adolescent depressive symptoms also remains underexplored. Parents are a vital source of feedback that shapes adolescents' self-view in crucial ways. AIMS This study examines the latent relationships between four factors related to positive parenting and adolescent depressive symptoms. METHOD Using data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS), Stata MP 17.0 was used for preliminary data processing and descriptive statistics. The structural equation model (SEM) was adopted to test the seven proposed hypotheses. RESULTS The study participants were 2,816 adolescents (52.34% male). The SEM showed that positive communication and parental praise can directly reduce depressive symptoms in adolescents (path coefficients of -0.24 and -0.13 [p < .001], respectively). Additionally, both positive communication and positive parent-adolescent interactions can reduce adolescents' depressive symptoms by heightening the intermediate factor of parental praise (path coefficients of 0.30 and 0.44 [p < .001], respectively). Conversely, positive parent-adolescent interactions did not negatively affect adolescents' depressive symptoms, as we hypothesized. CONCLUSIONS High level of positive parenting negatively predicts the level of depressive symptoms among adolescents. Specifically, positive communication, positive parent-adolescent communication, and parental praise are the main protective factors related to positive parenting for adolescents' depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Jiang
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Qin
- Department of Health Statistics, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Bing
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhai Sun
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixin Dai
- Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qian
- College of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Military Health Service, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Qiao T, Sun Y, Ye P, Yan J, Wang X, Song Z. The association between family functioning and problem behaviors among Chinese preschool left-behind children: the chain mediating effect of emotion regulation and psychological resilience. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1343908. [PMID: 38476393 PMCID: PMC10927802 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1343908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The family environment has a significant impact on the psychological and behavioral development of children, especially those who are left behind in preschool and experience parent-child separation at a young age. These children face a greater risk of family dysfunction, which can lead to internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. While numerous studies have established a connection between family functioning and problem behaviors, few have explored the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship. Our study seeks to address this gap by examining how emotion regulation and psychological resilience mediate the link between family functioning and problem behavior. Methods The sample consisted of 940 preschool children (51.5% male, 48.5% female) with a mean age of 5.07 ± 0.80. The main guardians of the children were given the Family Assessment Device, Preschool Children's Emotion Regulation Scale, the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment for Preschoolers (2nd edition), and the Social Skills Improvement System-Rating Scales to assess their family functioning, emotion regulation, psychological resilience, and problem behavior respectively. Results Lower family functioning was associated with more severe problem behaviors in preschool left-behind children, and emotion regulation and psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between family functioning and problem behaviors, respectively. In addition, emotion regulation and psychological resilience were also chain mediators between family functioning and problem behaviors. Conclusion The study's findings highlighted the crucial role of emotional regulation and psychological resilience in the correlation between family functioning and problem behaviors. It is recommended that policymakers and educators place a high priority on the cultivation of internal psychological resources, such as emotional regulation and resilience, in preschool-aged children when designing interventions to address problem behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Qiao
- College of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Teacher Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Pingzhi Ye
- College of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Yan
- College of Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- College of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanmei Song
- College of International Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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Northrup JB, Cortez KB, Mazefsky CA, Iverson JM. Expression and co-regulation of negative emotion in 18-month-olds at increased likelihood for autism with diverse developmental outcomes. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024:13623613241233664. [PMID: 38407094 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241233664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Managing negative emotion can be challenging for autistic individuals and their families from a young age. Parents help young children manage negative emotions by responding in comforting or supportive ways. Not much research has examined how negative emotions and parent responses to negative emotions are different in very young autistic children. This study used videotapes of 18-month-old toddlers and parents at home. We examined how much and how intensely toddlers expressed negative emotion in everyday situations, and how parents responded. Participants were younger siblings of autistic children, and we compared three groups-children that (1) later received an autism diagnosis; (2) had language delays but not autism; and (3) had no delays or autism. We found that autistic toddlers' negative emotion was more likely to be intense and to continue once it started compared with children without delays or autism. Language-delayed toddlers also showed some, but not all these differences. Parents responded similarly to negative emotions in all groups. When parents used strategies to help, it reduced the chances of the negative emotions continuing, although it may have been less helpful for autistic toddlers. This study shows that autistic children may express more intense and long-lasting negative emotions from an early age. It also shows that parents of autistic children are very responsive to their children's negative emotions, but these responses may not be as helpful to autistic children. While more research is needed, this study helps us understand how autistic toddlers may express and experience emotions differently.
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Zhang R, Wang Z. Effects of Helicopter Parenting, Tiger Parenting and Inhibitory Control on the Development of Children's Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01685-3. [PMID: 38401004 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Helicopter parenting and tiger parenting may increase the risks of anxiety and depression in children. However, it is unclear how these parenting styles affect the developmental outcomes and trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and how children's internal inhibitory control (IC) moderates such effects. The present study aimed to examine this issue. A sample of 172 typically developing children (77 girls; Mage = 7.14, SDage = 0.33) and their parents participated in the study. Parents reported children's anxiety and depressive symptoms using the Child Behavior Checklist each year from the first measurement (T1) to the third measurement (T3) and reported their helicopter parenting and tiger parenting at T1. Children completed the Go/No-go task at T1 to measure their IC. Higher T1 helicopter parenting impeded the declines in anxiety and depression over time, and higher T1 tiger parenting predicted more anxiety and depressive symptoms at T3. However, such effects were only observed in children with low IC, and higher IC buffered the adverse impacts of both helicopter parenting and tiger parenting on children's anxiety and depressive symptoms. These findings revealed that helicopter parenting and tiger parenting had negative impacts on the developmental trajectories and outcomes of anxiety and depression in children and suggest that IC plays an important role in alleviating the risks of anxiety and depression among children in adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhu Zhang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, No.199, South Chang'an Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, No.199, South Chang'an Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710062, China.
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Jones JD, Fraley RC, Stern JA, Lejuez CW, Cassidy J. Developmental trajectories of adolescent internalizing symptoms and parental responses to distress. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38389290 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Parents' responses to their children's negative emotions are a central aspect of emotion socialization that have well-established associations with the development of psychopathology. Yet research is lacking on potential bidirectional associations between parental responses and youth symptoms that may unfold over time. Further, additional research is needed on sociocultural factors that may be related to the trajectories of these constructs. In this study, we examined associations between trajectories of parental responses to negative emotions and adolescent internalizing symptoms and the potential role of youth sex and racial identity. Adolescents and caregivers (N = 256) completed six assessments that spanned adolescent ages 13-18 years. Multivariate growth models revealed that adolescents with higher internalizing symptoms at baseline experienced increasingly non-supportive parental responses over time (punitive and distress responses). By contrast, parental responses did not predict initial levels of or changes in internalizing symptoms. Parents of Black youth reported higher minimization and emotion-focused responses and lower distress responses compared to parents of White youth. We found minimal evidence for sex differences in parental responses. Internalizing symptoms in early adolescence had enduring effects on parental responses to distress, suggesting that adolescents may play an active role in shaping their emotion socialization developmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Jones
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Chris Fraley
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Viding E, Lloyd A, Law R, Martin P, Lucas L, Wu TCH, Steinbeis N, Midgley N, Veenstra R, Smith J, Ly L, Bird G, Murphy J, Plans D, Munafo M, Penton-Voak I, Deighton J, Richards K, Richards M, Fearon P. Trial protocol for the Building Resilience through Socio-Emotional Training (ReSET) programme: a cluster randomised controlled trial of a new transdiagnostic preventative intervention for adolescents. Trials 2024; 25:143. [PMID: 38395922 PMCID: PMC10885387 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-07931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a period of heightened vulnerability to developing mental health problems, and rates of mental health disorder in this age group have increased in the last decade. Preventing mental health problems developing before they become entrenched, particularly in adolescents who are at high risk, is an important research and clinical target. Here, we report the protocol for the trial of the 'Building Resilience through Socioemotional Training' (ReSET) intervention. ReSET is a new, preventative intervention that incorporates individual-based emotional training techniques and group-based social and communication skills training. We take a transdiagnostic approach, focusing on emotion processing and social mechanisms implicated in the onset and maintenance of various forms of psychopathology. METHODS A cluster randomised allocation design is adopted with randomisation at the school year level. Five-hundred and forty adolescents (aged 12-14) will be randomised to either receive the intervention or not (passive control). The intervention is comprised of weekly sessions over an 8-week period, supplemented by two individual sessions. The primary outcomes, psychopathology symptoms and mental wellbeing, will be assessed pre- and post-intervention, and at a 1-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes are task-based assessments of emotion processing, social network data based on peer nominations, and subjective ratings of social relationships. These measures will be taken at baseline, post-intervention and 1-year follow-up. A subgroup of participants and stakeholders will be invited to take part in focus groups to assess the acceptability of the intervention. DISCUSSION This project adopts a theory-based approach to the development of a new intervention designed to target the close connections between young people's emotions and their interpersonal relationships. By embedding the intervention within a school setting and using a cluster-randomised design, we aim to develop and test a feasible, scalable intervention to prevent the onset of psychopathology in adolescence. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN88585916. Trial registration date: 20/04/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essi Viding
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK.
| | - Alex Lloyd
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Roslyn Law
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Peter Martin
- Applied Health Research Institute of Epidemiology & Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Lucas
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Tom Chin-Han Wu
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Nikolaus Steinbeis
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Nick Midgley
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - René Veenstra
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Germany
| | - Jaime Smith
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Lili Ly
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK
| | - David Plans
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK
| | - Marcus Munafo
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ian Penton-Voak
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jessica Deighton
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | | | | | - Pasco Fearon
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK.
- Centre for Family Research, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Pl, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
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Shi Z, Fan L, Wang Q. Scrutinizing parental minimization reactions to adolescents' negative emotions through the lens of Chinese culture. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024. [PMID: 38380540 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
This research examined in China two types of parental minimization reactions to adolescents' negative emotions: Devaluing/invalidating that degrades the significance of adolescents' emotions (thereby invalidating adolescents' feelings) versus discounting/mitigating that downplays the seriousness of the situations (thereby mitigating adolescents' emotional arousals). Study 1 had 777 adolescents (389 females; mean age = 12.79 years) complete a survey; Study 2 had 233 adolescents (111 females; mean age = 12.19 years) complete a survey twice spanning around 6 months. Study 1 showed adolescents' perceived maternal devaluing/invalidating and discounting/mitigating reactions as two distinct factors, with different patterns of associations with other supportive versus nonsupportive parenting practices. Study 2 showed that over time, adolescents' perceived maternal devaluing/invalidating reactions predicted their dampened socioemotional functioning; discounting/mitigating reactions predicted their enhanced functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyi Shi
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Lanyue Fan
- Surrey Business School, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chiang SC, Bai S, Mak HW, Fosco GM. Dynamic characteristics of parent-adolescent closeness: Predicting adolescent emotion dysregulation. FAMILY PROCESS 2024. [PMID: 38382553 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is linked to adolescent psychological problems. However, little is known about how lability in daily closeness of parent-adolescent dyads affects the development of emotion dysregulation. This study examined how closeness lability with parents was associated with emotion dysregulation 12 months later. The sample included 144 adolescents (M = 14.62, SD = 0.83) who participated in a baseline assessment, 21-day daily diaries, and a 12-month follow-up assessment. Parents and adolescents both reported adolescent emotion dysregulation at baseline and follow-up assessments, while adolescents reported daily parent-adolescent closeness. Results indicate that lability in father-adolescent closeness was associated with increased emotion dysregulation at 12 months reported by adolescents. However, lability in mother-adolescent closeness was not associated with adolescent emotion dysregulation. Moreover, when baseline father-adolescent closeness was high, greater lability in father-adolescent closeness was associated with decreased emotion dysregulation. Findings indicate that daily fluctuations in father-adolescent closeness are a key family characteristic that links to long-term adolescent emotion dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chun Chiang
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sunhye Bai
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hio Wa Mak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gregory M Fosco
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
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Gu J, Li T, Dong H. Maternal autistic traits and anxiety in children with typical development in Chinese families: a moderated mediation model of mothers' negative emotional expressions and child gender. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1264173. [PMID: 38375119 PMCID: PMC10875098 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1264173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prior studies have focused on the effects of maternal autistic traits on children with autism, but little attention has been paid to the effects of maternal autistic traits on typically developing children, while the mechanisms of the effects are not clear. Objective Given that, a moderated mediation model was conducted to examine the association between maternal autistic traits and typically developing children's anxiety and the underlying mechanisms. Methods and results Participants were 648 mother-child dyads in which these children had no autistic siblings. Mothers reported their autistic traits and negative emotional expressions in the family and children's anxiety. The results indicated that children's anxiety was predicted by maternal autistic traits. Mediating analysis revealed that mothers' negative emotional expressions partially mediated the association between their autistic traits and children's anxiety. The findings also indicated that child gender moderated the relationship between maternal emotional expressions and children's anxiety. Specifically, anxiety in girls was more strongly predicted by negative emotional expressions from their mothers than in boys. Conclusion These results have important theoretical and practical implications for reducing the adverse effect of maternal autistic traits on children's anxiety, especially for girls. The present study also reveals that maternal negative emotional expression is an important mechanism. Causal conclusions cannot be drawn based on cross-sectional research design, so it is necessary to conduct longitudinal studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huiqin Dong
- Faculty of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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40
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Watson KH, Eckland M, Schwartzman JM, Molnar A, Boon W, Hiller M, Scholer S, Mace R, Rothman A, Claassen DO, Riordan HR, Isaacs DA. The Association of Quality of Life with Psychosocial Factors in Adolescents with Tourette Syndrome. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-023-01656-0. [PMID: 38311626 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS) have poorer quality of life (QoL) than their peers, yet factors contributing to poor QoL in this population remain unclear. Research to date has predominantly focused on the impact of tics and psychiatric symptoms on QoL in TS samples. The aim of this cross-sectional, multi-informant study was to identify psychosocial variables that may impact adolescent QoL in TS. Thirty-eight adolescents aged 13 to 17 with TS and 28 age-matched controls participated with a caregiver. No group differences were found on QoL, although the TS group reported reduced QoL compared to population normative data. In the TS group, reduced QoL was associated with lower self-esteem, poorer family functioning, higher stress, and greater depression and anxiety; QoL was unrelated to tic severity. In regression analyses, after adjusting for covariates, family functioning was the strongest predictor of QoL. These results emphasize the need to further explore the influence of psychosocial factors, particularly family functioning, on QoL in adolescents with TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly H Watson
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21St Avenue South, A-0118 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Michelle Eckland
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21St Avenue South, A-0118 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jessica M Schwartzman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Molnar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Whitney Boon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Hiller
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Seth Scholer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alice Rothman
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21St Avenue South, A-0118 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Heather R Riordan
- Phelps Center for Cerebral Palsy and Neurodevelopmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A Isaacs
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21St Avenue South, A-0118 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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García-Mendoza LJ, Calderón-Garcidueñas AL, Ruiz-Ramos R, Carvajal-Zarrabal O, Denis-Rodríguez PB, Bolívar-Duarte LM, López-Amador N. Diminished Anthropometric Measures and Other Associated Variables in a Sample of Violent Offenders: A Case-Control Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e53475. [PMID: 38440024 PMCID: PMC10909760 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Predicting criminal behavior is a complex task due to its multidimensional nature. Nevertheless, health professionals and criminologists must consider individual criminogenic risk factors to provide reliable expert opinions. Physical traits have been a subject of scrutiny since the inception of biological positivism. Aim The main objective of this study is to analyze differences in individual characteristics between violent offenders and healthy volunteers to potentially identify predictors of criminal behavior. Methods We conducted a case-control study with a sample of inmates convicted of violent offenses and compared them to healthy volunteers. Anthropometrics, sociodemographic data, drug consumption, characteristics of the family nucleus, clinical background, and basic laboratory test results were collected. Quantitative data were tested for normality and homogeneity before applying the Mann-Whitney or T-Student tests, respectively. For categorical data, Pearson's chi-square test was used for associations, and the odds ratio was determined for the associated risk in drug abuse profiles. Results Among the male participants (N = 72), the inmate group (n = 41) showed significantly lower stature (mean height [m]: 1.7454 ± 0.0694 vs 1.6643 ± 0.0659, p < 0.001), a reduced left D2:D4 finger length ratio (mean ratio [cm]: 0.9638 ± 0.0572 vs 0.9380 ± 0.068cm, p < 0.05), and smaller anthropometric measurements, including armful (mean length [m]: 1.8080 ± 0.7690 vs 1.6582 ± 0.7250, p < 0.001), wrist (mean [cm]: 17.39 ± 1.10 vs 16.57 ± 1.84, p < 0.05), mid-upper arm (mean [cm]: 31.75 ± 3.79 vs 29.97 ± 3.79, p < 0.05), and head circumferences (mean [cm]: 58.43 ± 1.92 vs 55.39 ± 1.51, p < 0.001). Additionally, the inmate group exhibited shorter lower segments (mean [cm]: 102.67 ± 4.97 vs. 97.85 ± 5.04, p < 0.001) and plantar lengths (mean [cm]: 27.45 ± 1.25 vs. 26.78 ± 1.00, p < 0.05). Furthermore, this group displayed a higher risk of alcohol (OR = 4.4, p < 0.01), cocaine (OR = 3.36, p < 0.05), and benzodiazepine consumption (OR = 3.36, p < 0.05). Parental alcohol consumption (χ² = 12.66, p < 0.01) and the practice of Protestantism (χ² = 20.087, p < 0.001) were also associated with the inmate group. Conclusion Physical traits may be considered potential criminogenic risk factors, but larger studies are necessary to validate these findings. Future research should take into account physiological and psychological correlates to gain a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between physical traits and criminal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J García-Mendoza
- Master's Degree Program in Forensic Medicine (SNP-CONAHCYT), University of Veracruz, Boca del Río, MEX
| | | | - Ruben Ruiz-Ramos
- Faculty of Medicine (Veracruz), University of Veracruz, Veracruz, MEX
| | | | | | | | - Noé López-Amador
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Veracruz, Boca del Río, MEX
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Yu Y, Zheng X, Xu W, Huang Y, Wang X, Hong W, Wang R, Ye X, Zhang C. The impact of parental overprotection on the emotions and behaviors of pediatric hematologic cancer patients: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1290608. [PMID: 38298359 PMCID: PMC10828849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1290608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Parental overprotection may have an impact on children's emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs). As pediatric hematologic cancer patients have compromised immune systems, parents of such children often worry excessively, interfering with their daily lives. Therefore, avoiding overprotection is crucial for the overall physical and mental health of pediatric hematologic cancer patients. Aims The aim of this study was to examine the current status of EBPs in pediatric hematologic cancer patients and analyze their associated risk factors. Design This work was a multicenter cross-sectional observational and correlational study. We collected data anonymously through parental questionnaires from three pediatric hematologic oncology hospitals in China. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Parental Overprotection Measure (POM) scale, and a general information survey designed by the research team were employed to assess children's EBPs, the degree of parental overprotection, as well as basic demographic and disease-related information. Chi-square tests and generalized linear mixed-effects regression analysis were used to analyze the factors influencing EBPs among the pediatric hematologic cancer patients. Setting and participants Using a convenience sampling method, a total of 202 participants' parents were selected. All participants were invited to complete the questionnaire through one-on-one guidance. Results Emotional symptoms accounted for the highest proportion of abnormal EBPs in children (27.72%), followed by peer problems (26.24%), prosocial behavior (25.74%), behavioral problems (14.36%), and total difficulties (13.86%). A minority of children had abnormal hyperactivity scores (4.95%). The results of a generalized linear mixed regression analysis showed that age, duration of illness, and parental overprotection were significant factors influencing abnormal EBPs in children (p < 0.05). A POM score threshold of 37 exhibited good sensitivity (74%) and specificity (90%) in predicting abnormal EBPs in children. Conclusion Pediatric hematologic cancer patients under excessive parental protection are more prone to experiencing EBPs. Healthcare professionals should guide parents to reduce this excessive protection, thus mitigating the occurrence of EBPs in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuru Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xulu Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanting Hong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Runping Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Hennefield L, Gilbert K, Donohue MR, Tillman R, McCoy A, Diggs G, Paul ZA, Kohl PL, Luby JL. Early Emotion Development Intervention Improves Mental Health Outcomes in Low-Income, High-Risk Community Children. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-023-01639-1. [PMID: 38221601 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Children living in poverty and facing related forms of adversity are at higher risk for experiencing concurrent and later psychopathology. Although negative psychological outcomes can be improved by enhancing sensitive and responsive caregiving early in development, interventions targeting the caregiver-child dyad are not readily accessible. The present study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of delivering a shortened eight-session form of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy-Emotion Development (PCIT-ED) in-person or remotely as an early intervention for 3-6-year-old children (N = 62) at elevated risk for psychopathology who were growing up in low-income communities. Caregiver-child dyads were randomized to eight-sessions of PCIT-ED or online parenting education. Relative to parenting education, children receiving PCIT-ED exhibited lower externalizing symptoms and functional impairment and more positive peer relationships following the intervention. Findings support the effectiveness of this shortened form of PCIT-ED, delivered in-person or remotely, as an early intervention to improve symptoms of psychopathology and functioning in high-risk children living in poverty.Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT04399629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hennefield
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Kirsten Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meghan Rose Donohue
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Art McCoy
- Saint Louis University, The Jennings School District, Jennings, MO, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Diggs
- Head Start/Early Head Start at the Urban League of Metropolitan, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zori A Paul
- Department of Counselor Education and Counseling Psychology, College of Education, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Patricia L Kohl
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- The Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Scotto Rosato M, Cipriano A, Napolano R, Cella S. Maternal control and eating styles in children: The mediating role of emotion differentiation. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:76-89. [PMID: 37646467 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231199303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Theoretical accounts and empirical research suggest that mother-child interactions significantly influence the child's eating styles (emotional, external, and restrained eating). However, little or no research has explored the association between maternal psychological control and eating styles and whether other mechanisms may be involved in such association. To address this shortcoming, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of difficulties in differentiating emotions between maternal control and eating styles.Methods: Participants were 324 elementary school children (Girls = 172, 53.1%) aged between 8 and 11 years (Mage = 9.13, SD = .89) assessed through self-report measures. Parents provided information about weight and height.Results: Path analysis model showed an acceptable fit to the data (χ2 (3) = 3.966, p = .256; RMSEA = .032; CFI = .990; TLI = .911; SRMR = .018). Difficulties in differentiating emotions significantly mediated the relationship between maternal control and emotional eating (β = -.071, 95%CI [-.094, -.052]; p < .001). The model was invariant across genders.Conclusions: Our findings support the importance of dyadic interaction in enhancing the risk for dysfunctional eating style during infancy, showing that emotion differentiation deficits may be particularly salient in such relationship. Clinical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Scotto Rosato
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Annarosa Cipriano
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosanna Napolano
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Stefania Cella
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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45
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Tan R, Yang Y, Huang T, Lin X, Gao H. Parent-child attachment and mental health in young adolescents: a moderated mediation analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1298485. [PMID: 38187411 PMCID: PMC10768540 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1298485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The parent-child attachment has a significant impact on adolescents' mental health. However, the influence of psychological quality and coping styles on this connection remains unknown. This study examined the relationship between parent-child attachment and adolescent mental health, by exploring the mediating role of psychological quality and the moderating role of coping styles. Methods A total of 633 young adolescents participated in this study after signing informed consent. They anonymously completed questionnaires including the Parent and Peer Attachment Scale (Parent Attachment Section), the Coping Styles Inventory for Middle School Students, the Brief Version of the Psychological Quality Inventory for Middle School Students, and the Chinese Middle School Students'Psychological Quality Inventory. After controlling for gender, grade, left-behind category, only-child status, and family structure. Results The moderated mediation model yielded the following findings: (a) parent-child attachment significantly and positively predicted adolescents'mental health; (b) psychological quality partially mediated the relationship between parent-child attachment and adolescents' mental health; (c) the association between psychological quality and mental health was moderated by task-focused coping. Discussion This moderation effect was more substantial for students with low task-focused coping behaviors, which aligns with the "exclusionary hypothesis" model. Therefore, our results indicate that parent-child attachment indirectly impacts mental health, influenced by internal and external factors. These findings carry significant implications for safeguarding and promoting adolescents' mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tan
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Tao Huang
- Department of Preschool Education, Jiangmen Preschool Education College, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xuanxuan Lin
- Institute of Education Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Gao
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Puglisi N, Favez N, Rattaz V, Epiney M, Razurel C, Tissot H. Interactive synchrony and infants' vagal tone as an index of emotion regulation: associations within each mother- and father-infant dyad and across dyads. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1299041. [PMID: 38169698 PMCID: PMC10758435 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1299041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies have shown that infants' emotion regulation capacities are closely linked to the quality of parent-infant interactions. However, these links have been mostly studied in mother-infant dyads and less is known about how the quality of father-infant interactions contributes to the development of emotion regulation during infancy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the links between interactive synchrony (i.e., an index of the quality of parent-infant coordination of interactive behaviors) and infants' vagal tone (i.e., a physiological index of emotion regulation). To understand the respective contributions of both parents, as well as the interrelations between the functioning of both dyads within a family, we observed mothers and fathers from 84 families interacting with their infants. Methods Synchrony was assessed by using the CARE-Index; infants' vagal tone was derived from the analysis of infants' electrocardiograms recorded during the interactions. Moreover, to take the play's order into account, we counterbalanced the procedure, so that approximately half of the mothers played first. We specified a first structural equation modeling (SEM) model to investigate the associations between interactive synchrony and the infants' root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), an index of vagal regulation, in the two successive parts of the play. We conducted a multigroup analysis in a second SEM model to investigate the associations of the first SEM model in two groups based on the order of interaction. Results The results of the SEM models showed that greater synchrony was related to greater infant RMSSD within mother-infant dyads and across one dyad to the other dyad in the full sample and in the group of fathers who interacted first with the infants. The associations between synchrony and infant vagal tone within father-infant dyads never appeared to be significant, nor did any associations within each dyad and across dyads when mothers interacted first. Discussion This study highlights that the links between interactions and infants' vagal tone are sensitive to family members' interdependencies and some conditions (the order of interaction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilo Puglisi
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Favez
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentine Rattaz
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Family Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuella Epiney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. University of Geneva Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Razurel
- Department of Midwifery, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Tissot
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Family Studies, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Belizaire S, Powers M, Mekawi Y. How can white parents raise anti-racist children? Introducing the routes to effective anti-racist parenting (REAP) model. FAMILY PROCESS 2023. [PMID: 37962033 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In response to highly publicized instances of overt racial injustice, there has been a recent resurgence of interest and commitment to identifying processes through which anti-racist behaviors develop among White individuals. One particularly important context in which anti-racist behaviors can develop is within families and as a result of childrearing. Theories of anti-racism typically neglect the role of families and family science research typically neglects a focus on anti-racist parenting outcomes. To further research and applied work on fostering anti-racism within White families, this paper introduces a new integrative model called routes to effective anti-racist parenting (REAP). The model draws on theories from various fields, including family science and social psychology, and uses a metaphor of nurturing a plant to explain the nuanced, multi-faceted approaches to anti-racist parenting. The model incorporates factors related to the "pot" (i.e., fundamental values and structure necessary to contain more specific anti-racist skills and behaviors), "soil" (i.e., characteristics that define anti-racist commitment), "seeds" (i.e., direct transmission of anti-racism skills), and "environment" (i.e., influential external factors). Finally, we describe the intended benefits that can be reaped from this intentional approach to anti-racist parenting. The REAP model contributes to the family science literature by providing an empirically grounded theoretical model describing the roles that parents can play in children's anti-racist development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shequanna Belizaire
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Margaret Powers
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yara Mekawi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Do QB, McKone KMP, Hamilton JL, Stone LB, Ladouceur CD, Silk JS. The link between adolescent girls' interpersonal emotion regulation with parents and peers and depressive symptoms: A real-time investigation. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37933501 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents often experience heightened socioemotional sensitivity warranting their use of regulatory strategies. Yet, little is known about how key socializing agents help regulate teens' negative emotions in daily life and implications for long-term adjustment. We examined adolescent girls' interpersonal emotion regulation (IER) with parents and peers in response to negative social interactions, defined as parent and peer involvement in the teen's enactment of emotion regulation strategies. We also tested associations between rates of daily parental and peer IER and depressive symptoms, concurrently and one year later. Adolescent girls (N = 112; Mage = 12.39) at temperamental risk for depressive disorders completed a 16-day ecological momentary assessment protocol measuring reactivity to negative social interactions, parental and peer IER, and current negative affect. Results indicated that adolescents used more adaptive strategies with peers and more maladaptive strategies with parents in daily life. Both parental and peer IER down-regulated negative affect, reflected by girls' decreased likelihood of experiencing continued negative affect. Higher proportions of parental adaptive IER predicted reduced depressive symptoms one year later. Findings suggest that both parents and peers effectively help adolescent girls down-regulate everyday negative emotions; however, parents may offer more enduring benefits for long-term adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyen B Do
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Lindsey B Stone
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Li Y, Ye Y, Zhou X. Parent-child relationship, parenting behaviors, and adolescents' depressive symptoms after an earthquake: unraveling within-adolescent associations from between-adolescent differences. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02319-0. [PMID: 37924379 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed temporal associations between parent-child relationship, parenting behaviors (i.e., warmth, rejection, and overprotection), and adolescents' depressive symptoms after trauma, using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models to distinguish between- and within-adolescent differences. We surveyed Chinese adolescents 12 (Aug 2018; T1), 21 (May 2019; T2), 27 (Nov 2019; T3) months after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake that occurred in August 2017. Of the 585 adolescents who participated in at least two waves of the study, mean age at T1 was 15.50 years old (SD = 1.58 years) and 57.8% were girls. Controlling adolescents' gender, age, ethnicity, trauma exposure at T1, and parents' marital status, between-adolescent results showed that parent-child relationship and parenting behaviors, parent-child relationship and depressive symptoms were correlated across models of parental warmth, rejection, and overprotection, whereas depressive symptoms were only correlated with parental rejection and overprotection. Within-adolescent results indicated that parent-child relationship and adolescents' depressive symptoms had bidirectional associations via the mediation of parental warmth from T1 to T3. Over the longer term following the earthquake, we found that parental rejection was bidirectionally associated with adolescents' depressive symptoms, whereas parental overprotection was unidirectionally influenced by adolescents' depressive symptoms from T2 to T3. In addition, more depressive symptoms in adolescents were associated with worsening parent-child relationship from T2 to T3. In conclusion, shortly after trauma, interventions should focus on improving parent-child relationship and relieving adolescents' depressive symptoms. Over the longer term after trauma, relieving adolescents' depressive symptoms should be prioritized to avoid its eroding effects on parent-child relationship and parenting behaviors, and to break the "vicious cycle".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Yingying Ye
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China.
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Sarfika R, Moh Yanuar Saifudin IM, Sari IM, Murni D, Malini H, Abdullah KL. Investigating associations between emotional and behavioral problems, self-esteem, and parental attachment among adolescents: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21459. [PMID: 38027961 PMCID: PMC10660073 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emotional and Behavioral Problems (EBPs) are prevalent among adolescents, and adolescents' capacity for adaptation can be influenced by their interactions with their parents, environment, and self-esteem. This link has not been systematically examined among adolescents in West Sumatra, Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the association of parental attachment and self-esteem with EBPs in adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to November 2022 in Padang West Sumatra, Indonesia. In total, 854 students from public senior high school 4 Padang were involved in this study and completed questionnaires on demographics, EBPs, parental attachment, and self-esteem. There was a total of five subscales for EBPs, which included emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems and prosocial. Additionally, there were three subscales for parental attachment, which included the mother's attachment, father's attachment, and peer attachment. Spearman's correlation, independent-sample t-tests, ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to examine factors associated with EBPs. Results This study showed that father's attachment (r = -0.191, p < 0.001), mother's attachment (r = -0.241, p < 0.001), and self-esteem (r = -0.437, p < 0.001) were negatively correlated with EBPs. The linear regression analysis showed EBPs was associated with father's education, father's communication, father's alienation, mother's alienation, and self-esteem. All predictors of overall EBPs among adolescents were able to explain 31 % of the variance in EBPs. Conclusion High self-esteem and a strong parental attachment have positive outcomes in terms of mental health in adolescents. Thus, increasing adolescent self-esteem and establishing a warm parent attachment can be the main target in providing interventions for Indonesian adolescents with EBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Sarfika
- Department of Mental Health and Community, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - I Made Moh Yanuar Saifudin
- Doctoral Student, Doctor of Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ira Mulya Sari
- Department of Maternity and Child, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Murni
- Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Hema Malini
- Department of Medical Surgical, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Khatijah Lim Abdullah
- Department of Nursing, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
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