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Lee JA, Gu MJ, Lee YR, Kim Y, Choi I, Kim D, Ha SK. Lindera obtusiloba Blume Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Promoted by N ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine. Nutrients 2024; 16:2330. [PMID: 39064772 PMCID: PMC11280000 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major issue because it is closely associated with metabolic diseases. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are implicated as risk factors for steatosis during NAFLD progression. AGEs influence NAFLD progression through a receptor-independent pathway involving AGE cross-link formation and a receptor-dependent pathway that binds to receptors like receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). The objectives of this study are to examine the effect of Lindera obtusiloba Blume (LO) on NAFLD promoted by Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), one of the most common dietary AGEs. The anti-glycation effects of LO were evaluated by inhibiting the AGEs formation and AGEs-collagen cross-links breaking. The efficacy of LO against NAFLD promoted by CML was assessed using both in vitro and in vivo models. NAFLD was induced in mice by feeding a high-fat diet and orally administering CML over a period of 12 weeks, and the effects of LO on lipid metabolism and its regulatory mechanisms were investigated. LO showed the effect of inhibited AGEs formation and breakage, and collagen cross-linking. Fed a high-fat diet with administered CML by gavage, LO administration resulted in a reduction in body weight, fat mass, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. LO reduced hepatic CML accumulation and RAGE expression in mice fed a high-fat diet and orally administered CML. LO alleviated hepatic steatosis accompanied by lipid accumulation and histological damage by suppressing the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, carbohydrate response element binding protein, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β. LO alleviated the MAPK/NF-κB expression by attenuating CML and RAGE expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that LO alleviates the progression of NAFLD by lowering the levels of AGEs by downregulating CML/RAGE expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ah Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.-A.L.); (M.J.G.); (Y.R.L.); (Y.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Min Ji Gu
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.-A.L.); (M.J.G.); (Y.R.L.); (Y.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Yu Ra Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.-A.L.); (M.J.G.); (Y.R.L.); (Y.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Yoonsook Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.-A.L.); (M.J.G.); (Y.R.L.); (Y.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Inwook Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.-A.L.); (M.J.G.); (Y.R.L.); (Y.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.-A.L.); (M.J.G.); (Y.R.L.); (Y.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Sang Keun Ha
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.-A.L.); (M.J.G.); (Y.R.L.); (Y.K.); (I.C.)
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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2
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Yamaguchi H, Matsumura T, Sugawa H, Niimi N, Sango K, Nagai R. Glucoselysine, a unique advanced glycation end-product of the polyol pathway and its association with vascular complications in type 2 diabetes. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107479. [PMID: 38879006 PMCID: PMC11283207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucoselysine (GL) is an unique advanced glycation end-product derived from fructose. The main source of fructose in vivo is the polyol pathway, and an increase in its activity leads to diabetic complications. Here, we aimed to demonstrate that GL can serve as an indicator of the polyol pathway activity. Additionally, we propose a novel approach for detecting GL in peripheral blood samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and evaluate its clinical usefulness. We successfully circumvent interference from fructoselysine, which shares the same molecular weight as GL, by performing ultrafiltration and hydrolysis without reduction, successfully generating adequate peaks for quantification in serum. Furthermore, using immortalized aldose reductase KO mouse Schwann cells, we demonstrate that GL reflects the downstream activity of the polyol pathway and that GL produced intracellularly is released into the extracellular space. Clinical studies reveal that GL levels in patients with type 2 diabetes are significantly higher than those in healthy participants, while Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)ornithine (MG-H1) levels are significantly lower. Both GL and MG-H1 show higher values among patients with vascular complications; however, GL varies more markedly than MG-H1 as well as hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Furthermore, GL remains consistently stable under various existing drug treatments for type 2 diabetes, whereas MG-H1 is impacted. To the best of our knowledge, we provide important insights in predicting diabetic complications caused by enhanced polyol pathway activity via assessment of GL levels in peripheral blood samples from patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsumura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hikari Sugawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Food and Life Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Niimi
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan; Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Food and Life Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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3
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Demirer B, Fisunoğlu M. Evaluation of the effects of dietary advanced glycation end products on inflammation. NUTR BULL 2024; 49:6-18. [PMID: 38114851 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a large number of heterogeneous compounds formed by the glycation of proteins, fats or nucleic acids. Endogenous AGEs have been associated with various health problems such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Inflammation is thought to be one of the main mechanisms in the development of these disorders. Although AGEs are produced endogenously in the body, exogenous sources such as smoking and diet also contribute to the body pool. Therefore, when the AGE pool in the body rises above physiological levels, different pathological conditions may occur through various mechanisms, especially inflammation. While the effects of endogenous AGEs on the development of inflammation have been studied relatively extensively, and current evidence indicates that dietary AGEs (dAGEs) contribute to the body's AGE pool, it is not yet known whether dAGEs have the same effect on the development of inflammation as endogenous AGEs. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the results of cross-sectional and intervention studies to understand whether dAGEs are associated with inflammation and, if there is an effect on inflammation, through which mechanisms this effect might occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Demirer
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
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4
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Mossine VV, Mawhinney TP. 1-Amino-1-deoxy-d-fructose ("fructosamine") and its derivatives: An update. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2023; 83:1-26. [PMID: 37968036 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
1-Amino-1-deoxy-d-fructose (fructosamine, FN) derivatives are omnipresent in all living organisms, as a result of non-enzymatic condensation and Amadori rearrangement reactions between free glucose and biogenic amines such as amino acids, polypeptides, or aminophospholipids. Over decades, steady interest in fructosamine was largely sustained by its role as a key intermediate structure in the Maillard reaction that is responsible for the organoleptic and nutritional value of thermally processed foods, and for pathophysiological effects of hyperglycemia in diabetes. New trends in fructosamine research include the discovery and engineering of FN-processing enzymes, development of advanced tools for hyperglycemia monitoring, and evaluation of the therapeutic potential of both fructosamines and FN-recognizing proteins. This article covers developments in the field of fructosamine and its derivatives since 2010 and attempts to ascertain challenges in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeri V Mossine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Thomas P Mawhinney
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
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Reddy VP. Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2925. [PMID: 38001926 PMCID: PMC10669448 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, resulting from the excessive intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and other free radical species, contributes to the onset and progression of various diseases, including diabetes, obesity, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Oxidative stress is also implicated in cardiovascular disease and cancer. Exacerbated oxidative stress leads to the accelerated formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a complex mixture of crosslinked proteins and protein modifications. Relatively high levels of AGEs are generated in diabetes, obesity, AD, and other I neurological diseases. AGEs such as Ne-carboxymethyllysine (CML) serve as markers for disease progression. AGEs, through interaction with receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), initiate a cascade of deleterious signaling events to form inflammatory cytokines, and thereby further exacerbate oxidative stress in a vicious cycle. AGE inhibitors, AGE breakers, and RAGE inhibitors are therefore potential therapeutic agents for multiple diseases, including diabetes and AD. The complexity of the AGEs and the lack of well-established mechanisms for AGE formation are largely responsible for the lack of effective therapeutics targeting oxidative stress and AGE-related diseases. This review addresses the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AGE-related chronic diseases, including diabetes and neurological disorders, and recent progress in the development of therapeutics based on antioxidants, AGE breakers and RAGE inhibitors. Furthermore, this review outlines therapeutic strategies based on single-atom nanozymes that attenuate oxidative stress through the sequestering of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Prakash Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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6
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Van den Eynde MDG, Houben AJHM, Scheijen JLJM, Linkens AMA, Niessen PM, Simons N, Hanssen NMJ, Kusters YHAM, Eussen SJMP, Miyata T, Stehouwer CDA, Schalkwijk CG. Pyridoxamine reduces methylglyoxal and markers of glycation and endothelial dysfunction, but does not improve insulin sensitivity or vascular function in abdominally obese individuals: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:1280-1291. [PMID: 36655410 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of pyridoxamine (PM), a B6 vitamer and dicarbonyl scavenger, on glycation and a large panel of metabolic and vascular measurements in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in abdominally obese individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Individuals (54% female; mean age 50 years; mean body mass index 32 kg/m2 ) were randomized to an 8-week intervention with either placebo (n = 36), 25 mg PM (n = 36) or 200 mg PM (n = 36). We assessed insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, insulin-mediated microvascular recruitment, skin microvascular function, flow-mediated dilation, and plasma inflammation and endothelial function markers. PM metabolites, dicarbonyls and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Treatment effects were evaluated by one-way ANCOVA. RESULTS In the high PM dose group, we found a reduction of plasma methylglyoxal (MGO) and protein-bound Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1), as compared to placebo. We found a reduction of the endothelial dysfunction marker soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in the low and high PM dose group and of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in the high PM dose, as compared to placebo. We found no treatment effects on insulin sensitivity, vascular function or other functional outcome measurements. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that PM is metabolically active and reduces MGO, AGEs, sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1, but does not affect insulin sensitivity and vascular function in abdominally obese individuals. The reduction in adhesion markers is promising because these are important in the pathogenesis of endothelial damage and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias D G Van den Eynde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute of Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J H M Houben
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute of Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean L J M Scheijen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Armand M A Linkens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra M Niessen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Simons
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nordin M J Hanssen
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center, Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvo H A M Kusters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J M P Eussen
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Toshio Miyata
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute of Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute of Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Koerich S, Parreira GM, de Almeida DL, Vieira RP, de Oliveira ACP. Receptors for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE): Promising Targets Aiming at the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Conditions. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:219-234. [PMID: 36154605 PMCID: PMC10190138 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220922153903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are compounds formed after the non-enzymatic addition of reducing sugars to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. They are associated with the development of various clinical complications observed in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and others. In addition, compelling evidence indicates that these molecules participate in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Multiple cellular and molecular alterations triggered by AGEs that could alter homeostasis have been identified. One of the main targets for AGE signaling is the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Importantly, this receptor is the target of not only AGEs, but also amyloid β peptides, HMGB1 (high-mobility group box-1), members of the S100 protein family, and glycosaminoglycans. The activation of this receptor induces intracellular signaling cascades that are involved in pathological processes and cell death. Therefore, RAGE represents a key target for pharmacological interventions in neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss the various effects of AGEs and RAGE activation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the currently available pharmacological tools and promising drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suélyn Koerich
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Machado Parreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Pinto Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
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8
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D’Haese S, Deluyker D, Bito V. Acute Exposure to Glycated Proteins Impaired in the Endothelium-Dependent Aortic Relaxation: A Matter of Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314916. [PMID: 36499244 PMCID: PMC9740119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronically increased levels of high molecular weight advanced glycation end products (HMW-AGEs) are known to induce cardiovascular dysfunction. Whether an acute increase in HMW-AGE levels affects vascular function remains unknown. In this study, we examined whether acute exposure to HMW-AGEs disturbs aortic vasomotor function. Aortae were obtained from healthy male rats and were acutely pre-treated with HMW-AGEs in organ baths. Aortic relaxation responses to cumulative doses of acetylcholine (ACh), in the presence or absence of superoxide dismutase (SOD), were measured after precontraction with phenylephrine (PE). Furthermore, levels of 3-nitrotyrosine were evaluated on aortic paraffine sections. In our study, we show that acute exposure to HMW-AGEs significantly decreases the aortic relaxation response to ACh. SOD pre-treatment prevents acute HMW-AGEs-induced impairment by limiting superoxide formation. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that acute exposure to HMW-AGEs causes adverse vascular remodelling, characterised by disturbed vasomotor function due to increased oxidative stress. These results create opportunities for future research regarding the acute role of HMW-AGEs in cardiovascular dysfunction.
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9
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El-Sayed NS, Elatrebi S, Said R, Ibrahim HF, Omar EM. Potential mechanisms underlying the association between type II diabetes mellitus and cognitive dysfunction in rats: a link between miRNA-21 and Resveratrol's neuroprotective action. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2375-2388. [PMID: 35781592 PMCID: PMC9581846 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is considered as a typical feature of neurodegenerative diseases in diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the exact link between cognitive dysfunction and diabetes mellitus is still vague. This study aims to investigate some of the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment that associates diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance. We investigated the role of resveratrol as well on cognitive function in experimentally induced type 2 diabetes highlighting on its influence on the expression of brain miRNA 21. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring, biologically active compound that has numerous significant impacts on the body. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by high fat diet followed a single dose of streptozotocin. Diabetic rats were treated with resveratrol for four weeks. Rats were sacrificed after neurobehavioral testing. Hippocampal tissues were used to assess expression of miRNA 21, GSK and oxidative stress markers. Serum samples were obtained to determine glucose levels, lipid profile and insulin levels. Hippocampal and serum AGEs were measured as well and HOMA IR was calculated. We detected memory impairment and disturbed insulin signaling in diabetic rats. These derangements were reversed by resveratrol treatment partially due to increased expression of miRNA-21. Our study pins the role of miRNA-21 in modulating brain insulin signaling and hence alleviating cognitive dysfunction accompanying diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhan S. El-Sayed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Soha Elatrebi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rasha Said
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba F. Ibrahim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Omar
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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10
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Advanced Glycation End Products in Health and Disease. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091848. [PMID: 36144449 PMCID: PMC9501837 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), formed through the nonenzymatic reaction of reducing sugars with the side-chain amino groups of lysine or arginine of proteins, followed by further glycoxidation reactions under oxidative stress conditions, are involved in the onset and exacerbation of a variety of diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as in the secondary stages of traumatic brain injury (TBI). AGEs, in the form of intra- and interprotein crosslinks, deactivate various enzymes, exacerbating disease progression. The interactions of AGEs with the receptors for the AGEs (RAGE) also result in further downstream inflammatory cascade events. The overexpression of RAGE and the AGE-RAGE interactions are especially involved in cases of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, including TBI and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Maillard reactions are also observed in the gut bacterial species. The protein aggregates found in the bacterial species resemble those of AD and Parkinson’s disease (PD), and AGE inhibitors increase the life span of the bacteria. Dietary AGEs alter the gut microbiota composition and elevate plasma glycosylation, thereby leading to systemic proinflammatory effects and endothelial dysfunction. There is emerging interest in developing AGE inhibitor and AGE breaker compounds to treat AGE-mediated pathologies, including diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Gut-microbiota-derived enzymes may also function as AGE-breaker biocatalysts. Thus, AGEs have a prominent role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, and the AGE inhibitor and AGE breaker approach may lead to novel therapeutic candidates.
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11
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Abdelkader H, Mustafa WW, Alqahtani AM, Alsharani S, Al Fatease A, Alany RG. Glycation-induced age-related illnesses, antiglycation and drug delivery strategies. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1546-1567. [PMID: 35972442 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ageing is a major cause of multiple age-related diseases. Several mechanisms have been reported to contribute to these abnormalities including glycation, oxidative stress, the polyol pathway and osmotic stress. Glycation, unlike glycosylation, is an irregular biochemical reaction to the formation of active advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which are considered to be one of the causes of these chronic diseases. This study provides a recent and comprehensive review on the possible causes, mechanisms, types, analytical techniques, diseases and treatments of the toxic glycation end products. KEY FINDINGS Several mechanisms have been found to play a role in generating hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress including an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increase in the levels of AGEs, binding of AGEs and their receptors (RAGE) and the polyol pathway and thus have been investigated as promising novel targets. SUMMARY This review focuses on the key mechanisms attributed to cumulative increases of glycation and pathological RAGE expression as a significant cause of multiple age-related diseases, and reporting on different aspects of antiglycation therapy as a novel approach to managing/treating age-related diseases. Additionally, historical, current and possible future antiglycation approaches will be presented focussing on novel drug delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Wesam W Mustafa
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, UK.,Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mustafa University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali M Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alsharani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Raid G Alany
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care Theme, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, UK.,School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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12
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Pandolfo G, Genovese G, Bruno A, Campolo D, Tigano V, Cristani M, Casciaro M, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Advanced glycation end-products and advanced oxidation protein products in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2022; 311:114527. [PMID: 35344686 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia pathophysiology is still not well understood. Genetic factors involving biochemical systems are key players and oxidative stress takes part to the development and worsening of SZ. Oxidative stress led to the permanent production of oxidation products such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs). These proteins interact with their receptor amplifying ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokines sustaining a permanent loop. We tested plasma levels of AGEs and AOPPs in 30 SZ patients. Their levels were statistically higher than controls confirming their involvement in mental disorders. Antioxidant nutraceuticals and a healthy lifestyle could diminish oxidative stress and ameliorate SZ symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Pandolfo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Genovese
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Bruno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Domenica Campolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Valeria Tigano
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Mariateresa Cristani
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Papadaki M, Kampaengsri T, Barrick SK, Campbell SG, von Lewinski D, Rainer PP, Harris SP, Greenberg MJ, Kirk JA. Myofilament glycation in diabetes reduces contractility by inhibiting tropomyosin movement, is rescued by cMyBPC domains. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 162:1-9. [PMID: 34487755 PMCID: PMC8766917 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes doubles the risk of developing heart failure (HF). As the prevalence of diabetes grows, so will HF unless the mechanisms connecting these diseases can be identified. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a glycolysis by-product that forms irreversible modifications on lysine and arginine, called glycation. We previously found that myofilament MG glycation causes sarcomere contractile dysfunction and is increased in patients with diabetes and HF. The aim of this study was to discover the molecular mechanisms by which MG glycation of myofilament proteins cause sarcomere dysfunction and to identify therapeutic avenues to compensate. In humans with type 2 diabetes without HF, we found increased glycation of sarcomeric actin compared to non-diabetics and it correlated with decreased calcium sensitivity. Depressed calcium sensitivity is pathogenic for HF, therefore myofilament glycation represents a promising therapeutic target to inhibit the development of HF in diabetics. To identify possible therapeutic targets, we further defined the molecular actions of myofilament glycation. Skinned myocytes exposed to 100 μM MG exhibited decreased calcium sensitivity, maximal calcium-activated force, and crossbridge kinetics. Replicating MG's functional affects using a computer simulation of sarcomere function predicted simultaneous decreases in tropomyosin's blocked-to-closed rate transition and crossbridge duty cycle were consistent with all experimental findings. Stopped-flow experiments and ATPase activity confirmed MG decreased the blocked-to-closed transition rate. Currently, no therapeutics target tropomyosin, so as proof-of-principal, we used a n-terminal peptide of myosin-binding protein C, previously shown to alter tropomyosin's position on actin. C0C2 completely rescued MG-induced calcium desensitization, suggesting a possible treatment for diabetic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papadaki
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Theerachat Kampaengsri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Samantha K. Barrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stuart G. Campbell
- Department of Bioengineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Peter P. Rainer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Samantha P. Harris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael J. Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA,Corresponding Author: Jonathan A. Kirk, Ph.D., Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Center for Translational Research and Education, Room 522, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, Ph: 708-216-6348,
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14
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LIMITED JOINT MOBILITY IN A CHILD WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS. Case Rep Med 2021; 2021:6397338. [PMID: 34819957 PMCID: PMC8608521 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6397338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1DM) is a very major risk for chronic systemic complications; specifically, the microvascular and macrovascular ones. Limited joint mobility (LJM) is a rare disease that complicates all types of diabetes and might indicate the high-risk odd for the diabetic patients to develop microvascular complications. We are reporting a 13-year-old female child with chronic uncontrolled type 1DM presenting with full blown clinical picture of bilateral hand LJM associated with significant growth failure yet has no clinical or biochemical evidence of microvascular complications. Literature research studies have emphasized the rarity of this manifestation in pediatric type 1 diabetic patients; however, it is an important clue and warning sign for microvascular complication occurrence in these patients.
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15
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Velichkova S, Foubert K, Pieters L. Natural Products as a Source of Inspiration for Novel Inhibitors of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) Formation. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:780-801. [PMID: 34341977 DOI: 10.1055/a-1527-7611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycation, a post-translational modification found in biological systems, is often associated with a core defect in glucose metabolism. In particular, advanced glycation endproducts are complex heterogeneous sugar-derived protein modifications implicated in the progression of pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetic complications, skin diseases, rheumatism, hypertension, and neurodegenerative diseases. Undoubtedly, there is the need to expand the knowledge about antiglycation agents that can offer a therapeutic approach in preventing and treating health issues of high social and economic importance. Although various compounds have been under consideration, little data from clinical trials are available, and there is a lack of approved and registered antiglycation agents. Next to the search for novel synthetic advanced glycation endproduct inhibitors, more and more the efforts of scientists are focusing on researching antiglycation compounds from natural origin. The main purpose of this review is to provide a thorough overview of the state of scientific knowledge in the field of natural products from plant origin (e.g., extracts and pure compounds) as inhibitors of advanced glycation endproduct formation in the period between 1990 and 2019. Moreover, the objectives of the summary also include basic chemistry of AGEs formation and classification, pathophysiological significance of AGEs, mechanisms for inhibiting AGEs formation, and examples of several synthetic anti-AGEs drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaniya Velichkova
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Wu XQ, Zhang DD, Wang YN, Tan YQ, Yu XY, Zhao YY. AGE/RAGE in diabetic kidney disease and ageing kidney. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:260-271. [PMID: 34019934 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease that inevitably progress to end-stage kidney disease. Intervention strategies such as blood glucose control is effective for preventing DKD, but many patients with DKD still reach end-stage kidney disease. Although comprehensive mechanisms shed light on the progression of DKD, the most compelling evidence has highlighted that hyperglycemia-related advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of DKD. Pathologically, accumulation of AGEs-mediated receptor for AGEs (RAGE) triggers oxidative stress and inflammation, which is the major deleterious effect of AGEs in host and intestinal microenvironment of diabetic and ageing conditions. The activation of AGEs-mediated RAGE could evoke nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production and subsequently give rise to oxidative stress in DKD and ageing kidney. Therefore, targeting RAGE with its ligands mediated oxidative stress and chronic inflammation is considered as an additional intervention strategy for DKD and ageing kidney. In this review, we summarize AGEs/RAGE-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation signaling pathways in DKD and ageing kidney, discussing opportunities and challenges of targeting at AGEs/RAGE-induced oxidative stress that could hold the promising potential approach for improving DKD and ageing kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Qing Wu
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yue-Qi Tan
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 2 Xihuamen, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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17
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The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081852. [PMID: 34440621 PMCID: PMC8393707 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The glyoxalase system is critical for the detoxification of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds resulting from the non-enzymatic modification of biomolecules by sugars or their metabolites through a process called glycation. AGEs have adverse effects on many tissues, playing a pathogenic role in the progression of molecular and cellular aging. Due to the age-related decline in different anti-AGE mechanisms, including detoxifying mechanisms and proteolytic capacities, glycated biomolecules are accumulated during normal aging in our body in a tissue-dependent manner. Viewed in this way, anti-AGE detoxifying systems are proposed as therapeutic targets to fight pathological dysfunction associated with AGE accumulation and cytotoxicity. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge related to the protective mechanisms against glycative stress, with a special emphasis on the glyoxalase system as the primary mechanism for detoxifying the reactive intermediates of glycation. This review focuses on glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), the first enzyme of the glyoxalase system, and the rate-limiting enzyme of this catalytic process. Although GLO1 is ubiquitously expressed, protein levels and activities are regulated in a tissue-dependent manner. We provide a comparative analysis of GLO1 protein in different tissues. Our findings indicate a role for the glyoxalase system in homeostasis in the eye retina, a highly oxygenated tissue with rapid protein turnover. We also describe modulation of the glyoxalase system as a therapeutic target to delay the development of age-related diseases and summarize the literature that describes the current knowledge about nutritional compounds with properties to modulate the glyoxalase system.
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18
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Advanced Glycation End Products: New Clinical and Molecular Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147236. [PMID: 34299683 PMCID: PMC8306599 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered one of the most massive epidemics of the twenty-first century due to its high mortality rates caused mainly due to its complications; therefore, the early identification of such complications becomes a race against time to establish a prompt diagnosis. The research of complications of DM over the years has allowed the development of numerous alternatives for diagnosis. Among these emerge the quantification of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) given their increased levels due to chronic hyperglycemia, while also being related to the induction of different stress-associated cellular responses and proinflammatory mechanisms involved in the progression of chronic complications of DM. Additionally, the investigation for more valuable and safe techniques has led to developing a newer, noninvasive, and effective tool, termed skin fluorescence (SAF). Hence, this study aimed to establish an update about the molecular mechanisms induced by AGEs during the evolution of chronic complications of DM and describe the newer measurement techniques available, highlighting SAF as a possible tool to measure the risk of developing DM chronic complications.
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Van den Eynde MDG, Scheijen JLJM, Stehouwer CDA, Miyata T, Schalkwijk CG. Quantification of the B6 vitamers in human plasma and urine in a study with pyridoxamine as an oral supplement; pyridoxamine as an alternative for pyridoxine. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4624-4632. [PMID: 34229268 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vitamin B6 is involved in a large spectrum of physiological processes and comprises of the vitamers pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN), and their phosphorylated derivatives including the biological active pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). While PN toxicity is known to complicate several treatments, PM has shown promise in relation to the treatment of metabolic and age-related diseases by blocking oxidative degradation and scavenging toxic dicarbonyl compounds and reactive oxygen species. We aimed to assess the metabolization of oral PM supplements in a single and three daily dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS We optimized and validated a method for the quantification of the B6 vitamers in plasma and urine using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Five healthy volunteers were recruited to study PM metabolization after a single oral dose of 200 mg PM or a three daily dose of 67 mg PM. A third protocol was implemented as control for dietary intake. Venous blood samples, 24 h urine and fasted second void urine samples were collected. RESULTS After a single oral dose of 200 mg PM, plasma PM increased in the first 3 h to a maximum of 2324 ± 266 nmol/L. While plasma PM levels returned to baseline after ~10 h of PM intake, PLP increased to a maximum of 2787 ± 329 nmol/L and reached a plateau. We found a small increase of PN to a maximum of 13.5 ± 2.1 nmol/L; it was nearly undetectable after ~12 h. With a three daily dose of 67 mg PM we observed an increase and decline of plasma PM, PL, and PN concentrations after each PM intake. PLP showed a similar increase as in the single dose protocol and accumulated over time. CONCLUSION In this study we showed high plasma levels of PM after oral PM supplementation. We found steadily increasing levels of the biologically active PLP, with minimal formation of PN. The B6 vitamer PM is an interesting supplement as an inhibitor of harmful processes in metabolic diseases and for the treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Maastricht University (NL) and was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02954588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias D G Van den Eynde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jean L J M Scheijen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Toshio Miyata
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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20
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Mastrocola R, Dal Bello F, Cento AS, Gaens K, Collotta D, Aragno M, Medana C, Collino M, Wouters K, Schalkwijk CG. Altered hepatic sphingolipid metabolism in insulin resistant mice: Role of advanced glycation endproducts. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:425-435. [PMID: 33905864 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High plasma levels of the sphingolipid intermediates ceramide (Cer) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are suggested to be involved in the development of insulin resistance (IR). Recent evidence indicates that advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) can alter the sphingolipids metabolism equilibrium. Since enzymes responsible for sphingolipid rheostat maintenance are highly expressed in liver, we thus investigated whether AGEs accumulation can affect hepatic sphingolipids metabolism in insulin resistant mice. Two different models of IR were examined: genetically diabetic LeptrDb-/- (DbDb) and diet-induced insulin resistant C57Bl/6J mice fed a 60% trans-fat diet (HFD). In addition, a group of HFD mice was supplemented with the anti-AGEs compound pyridoxamine. AGEs were evaluated in the liver by western blotting. Cer and S1P were measured by UHPLC-MS/MS. The expression of RAGE and of enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism were assessed by RT-PCR and western blotting. HepG2 cells were used to study the effect of the major AGE Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML)-albumin on sphingolipid metabolism and the role of the receptor of AGEs (RAGE). High levels of AGEs and RAGE were detected in the liver of both DbDb and HFD mice in comparison to controls. The expression of enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism was altered in both models, accompanied by increased levels of Cer and S1P. Specifically, ceramide synthase 5 and sphingosine kinase 1 were increased, while neutral ceramidase was reduced. Pyridoxamine supplementation to HFD mice diminished hepatic AGEs and prevented alterations of sphingolipid metabolism and the development of IR. CML administration to HepG2 cells evoked alterations similar to those observed in vivo, that were in part mediated by the binding to RAGE. The present study shows a direct involvement of AGEs in alterations of sphingolipid metabolism associated to the development of IR. The modulation of sphingolipids metabolism through the prevention of AGEs accumulation by pyridoxamine may reduce the development of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Mastrocola
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Dept. of Internal Medicine, MUMC+, Maastricht, Limburg, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands.
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia S Cento
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Katrien Gaens
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, MUMC+, Maastricht, Limburg, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands
| | - Debora Collotta
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Medana
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Collino
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Kristiaan Wouters
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, MUMC+, Maastricht, Limburg, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, MUMC+, Maastricht, Limburg, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht (CARIM), the Netherlands
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Gregoski MJ, Newton J, Blaylock K, Smith SAO, Turner DP. Examination of the Effectiveness of the Healthy Empowered Active Lifestyles (HEAL) Program on Advanced Glycation End Products. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4863. [PMID: 34063306 PMCID: PMC8124783 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study investigated the effectiveness of the healthy empowered active lifestyles (HEAL) program to reduce circulatory levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and assess its relationship to BMI, % body fat, fasting glucose, and A1C. The HEAL program was delivered at a local wellness center using a team-based approach and focused on physical activity and dietary education. A sample of twenty primarily European American (19 white, 1 black) participants (i.e., 10 males, 10 females) aged 26 to 71 (m = 48.75 ± 10.26) completed 12 weeks of the HEAL intervention. Pre to post changes in AGEs, BMI, % body fat, fasting glucose, and A1C were examined as primary outcomes. The findings showed participants had the following average reductions: AGEs 36.04 ± 18.48 ug/mL, BMI 2.0 ± 1.2 kg/m2, % body fat 3.18 ± 1.57%, fasting glucose 5.9 ± 17.21 mg/dL, and A1C 0.68 ± 1.11%. All twenty participants successfully completed the entire twelve weeks of the HEAL intervention. The results of this study show that the HEAL intervention provides beneficial reductions of AGEs, BMI, % body fat, fasting glucose, and A1C. In addition, the high adherence shows promise, and demonstrates the potential for HEAL as a behavioral intervention to improve pre-diabetic and other inflammatory related comorbidities. Further replication of results via additional randomized controlled trials is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew J. Gregoski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Janis Newton
- Wellness Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (J.N.); (K.B.)
| | - Kathleen Blaylock
- Wellness Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (J.N.); (K.B.)
| | - Sheila A. O. Smith
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - David P. Turner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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22
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The Impact of Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Primary Stem Cells: A Systematic Review. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8886612. [PMID: 33281904 PMCID: PMC7685833 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8886612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based regenerative therapies hold great promises to treat a wide spectrum of diseases. However, stem cell engraftment and survival are still challenging due to an unfavorable transplantation environment. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) can contribute to the generation of these harmful conditions. AGEs are a heterogeneous group of glycated products, nonenzymatically formed when proteins and/or lipids become glycated and oxidized. Our typical Western diet as well as cigarettes contain high AGEs content. AGEs are also endogenously formed in our body and accumulate with senescence and in pathological situations. Whether AGEs have an impact on stem cell viability in regenerative medicine remains unclear, and research on the effect of AGEs on stem cell proliferation and apoptosis is still ongoing. Therefore, this systematic review provides a clear overview of the effects of glycated proteins on cell viability in various types of primary isolated stem cells used in regenerative medicine.
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23
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Hanssen NMJ, Kraakman MJ, Flynn MC, Nagareddy PR, Schalkwijk CG, Murphy AJ. Postprandial Glucose Spikes, an Important Contributor to Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes? Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:570553. [PMID: 33195459 PMCID: PMC7530333 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.570553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials investigating whether glucose lowering treatment reduces the risk of CVD in diabetes have thus far yielded mixed results. However, this doesn't rule out the possibility of hyperglycemia playing a major causal role in promoting CVD or elevating CVD risk. In fact, lowering glucose appears to promote some beneficial long-term effects, and continuous glucose monitoring devices have revealed that postprandial spikes of hyperglycemia occur frequently, and may be an important determinant of CVD risk. It is proposed that these short, intermittent bursts of hyperglycemia may have detrimental effects on several organ systems including the vasculature and the hematopoietic system collectively contributing to the state of elevated CVD risk in diabetes. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanisms through which hyperglycemic spikes may increase atherosclerosis and how new and emerging interventions may combat this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nordin M J Hanssen
- Diabetes Centre, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM, School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Michael J Kraakman
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle C Flynn
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Prabhakara R Nagareddy
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM, School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Haesen S, Cöl Ü, Schurgers W, Evens L, Verboven M, Driesen RB, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I, Deluyker D, Bito V. Glycolaldehyde-modified proteins cause adverse functional and structural aortic remodeling leading to cardiac pressure overload. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12220. [PMID: 32699285 PMCID: PMC7376068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the development of diabetic vascular complications and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We have shown that high-molecular-weight AGEs (HMW-AGEs), present in our Western diet, impair cardiac function. Whether HMW-AGEs affect vascular function remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of chronic HMW-AGEs exposure on vascular function and structure. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were daily injected with HMW-AGEs or control solution for 6 weeks. HMW-AGEs animals showed intracardiac pressure overload, characterized by increased systolic and mean pressures. The contraction response to PE was increased in aortic rings from the HMW-AGEs group. Relaxation in response to ACh, but not SNP, was impaired by HMW-AGEs. This was associated with reduced plasma cyclic GMP levels. SOD restored ACh-induced relaxation of HMW-AGEs animals to control levels, accompanied by a reduced half-maximal effective dose (EC50). Finally, collagen deposition and intima-media thickness of the aortic vessel wall were increased with HMW-AGEs. Our data demonstrate that chronic HMW-AGEs exposure causes adverse vascular remodelling. This is characterised by disturbed vasomotor function due to increased oxidative stress and structural changes in the aorta, suggesting an important contribution of HMW-AGEs in the development of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibren Haesen
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ümare Cöl
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Wouter Schurgers
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Lize Evens
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Maxim Verboven
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ronald B Driesen
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Dorien Deluyker
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Virginie Bito
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium.
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25
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Physical activity and markers of glycation in older individuals: data from a combined cross-sectional and randomized controlled trial (EXAMIN AGE). Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1095-1105. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20200255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are protein modifications that are predominantly formed from dicarbonyl compounds that arise from glucose and lipid metabolism. AGEs and sedentary behavior have been identified as a driver of accelerated (vascular) aging. The effect of physical activity on AGE accumulation is unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether plasma AGEs and dicarbonyl levels are different across older individuals that were active or sedentary and whether plasma AGEs are affected by high-intensity interval training (HIIT).Methods: We included healthy older active (HA, n=38, 44.7% female, 60.1 ± 7.7 years old) and healthy older sedentary (HS, n=36, 72.2% female, 60.0 ± 7.3 years old) individuals as well as older sedentary individuals with increased cardiovascular risk (SR, n=84, 50% female, 58.7 ± 6.6 years old). The SR group was randomized into a 12-week walking-based HIIT program or control group. We measured protein-bound and free plasma AGEs and dicarbonyls by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) at baseline and after the HIIT intervention.Results: Protein-bound AGE Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) was lower in SR (2.6 ± 0.5 μmol/l) and HS (3.1 ± 0.5 μmol/l) than in HA (3.6 ± 0.6 μmol/l; P<0.05) and remained significantly lower after adjustment for several potential confounders. None of the other glycation markers were different between HS and HA. HIIT did not change plasma AGEs and dicarbonyls in SR.Discussion: Although lifestyle interventions may act as important modulators of cardiovascular risk, HIIT is not a potent short-term intervention to reduce glycation in older individuals, underlining the need for other approaches, such as pharmacological agents, to reduce AGEs and lower cardiovascular risk in this population.
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26
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Velayoudom-Cephise FL, Cano-Sanchez M, Bercion S, Tessier F, Yu Y, Boulanger E, Neviere R. Receptor for advanced glycation end products modulates oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in the soleus muscle of mice fed a high-fat diet. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1107-1117. [PMID: 32289236 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and activation of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) are implicated in the progression of pathologies associated with aging, chronic inflammation, diabetes, and cellular stress. RAGE activation is also implicated in cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes, such as nephropathy, retinopathy, accelerated vascular diseases, and cardiomyopathy. Studies investigating the effects of AGE/RAGE axis activation on skeletal muscle oxidative stress and metabolism are more limited. We tested whether a high-fat diet (HFD) would alter circulating AGE concentration, skeletal muscle AGE accumulation, and oxidative stress in wild-type and RAGE-deficient mice. The physiological significance of AGE/RAGE axis activation in HFD-fed mice was evaluated in terms of exercise tolerance and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity. HFD elicited adiposity, abnormal fat distribution, and oral glucose intolerance. HFD also induced accumulation of Nε-carboxymethyl-l-lysine, increased protein carbonyl levels, and impaired respiratory chain complex activity in soleus muscle. Ablation of RAGE had no effects on weight gain and oral glucose tolerance in HFD-fed mice. Peak aerobic capacity and mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase activity were restored in HFD-fed RAGE-/- mice. We concluded that RAGE signaling plays an important role in skeletal muscle homeostasis of mice under metabolic stress. Novelty HFD in mice induces accumulation of AGEs, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the soleus muscle. RAGE, the multi-ligand receptor for AGEs, modulates oxidative stress and mitochondrial electron transport chain function in the soleus muscle of HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Line Velayoudom-Cephise
- University Hospital CHU of Guadeloupe, Pointe à Pitre, 97110, France.,EA7525, University of the French West Indies, Fort de France, 97159, France
| | - Mariola Cano-Sanchez
- EA7525, University of the French West Indies, Fort de France, 97159, France.,University Hospital CHU of Martinique, Fort de France, 97200, France
| | - Sylvie Bercion
- EA7525, University of the French West Indies, Fort de France, 97159, France.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Pointe a Pitre, 97110, France
| | - Frédéric Tessier
- INSERM U995, LIRIC Team "Glycation: from inflammation to aging", Lille University, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Yichi Yu
- INSERM U995, LIRIC Team "Glycation: from inflammation to aging", Lille University, Lille, 59000, France.,School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Eric Boulanger
- INSERM U995, LIRIC Team "Glycation: from inflammation to aging", Lille University, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Remi Neviere
- EA7525, University of the French West Indies, Fort de France, 97159, France.,University Hospital CHU of Martinique, Fort de France, 97200, France
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27
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Patel DM, Bose M, Cooper ME. Glucose and Blood Pressure-Dependent Pathways-The Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062218. [PMID: 32210089 PMCID: PMC7139394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The major clinical associations with the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are glycemic control and systemic hypertension. Recent studies have continued to emphasize vasoactive hormone pathways including aldosterone and endothelin which suggest a key role for vasoconstrictor pathways in promoting renal damage in diabetes. The role of glucose per se remains difficult to define in DKD but appears to involve key intermediates including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dicarbonyls such as methylglyoxal which activate intracellular pathways to promote fibrosis and inflammation in the kidney. Recent studies have identified a novel molecular interaction between hemodynamic and metabolic pathways which could lead to new treatments for DKD. This should lead to a further improvement in the outlook of DKD building on positive results from RAAS blockade and more recently newer classes of glucose-lowering agents such as SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devang M. Patel
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University Central, Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
- Correspondence: (D.M.P.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Madhura Bose
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University Central, Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Mark E. Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University Central, Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Correspondence: (D.M.P.); (M.E.C.)
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28
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Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA. Methylglyoxal, a Highly Reactive Dicarbonyl Compound, in Diabetes, Its Vascular Complications, and Other Age-Related Diseases. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:407-461. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation and accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, vascular complications of diabetes, and several other age-related chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and disorders of the central nervous system. MGO is mainly formed as a byproduct of glycolysis and, under physiological circumstances, detoxified by the glyoxalase system. MGO is the major precursor of nonenzymatic glycation of proteins and DNA, subsequently leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). MGO and MGO-derived AGEs can impact on organs and tissues affecting their functions and structure. In this review we summarize the formation of MGO, the detoxification of MGO by the glyoxalase system, and the biochemical pathways through which MGO is linked to the development of diabetes, vascular complications of diabetes, and other age-related diseases. Although interventions to treat MGO-associated complications are not yet available in the clinical setting, several strategies to lower MGO have been developed over the years. We will summarize several new directions to target MGO stress including glyoxalase inducers and MGO scavengers. Targeting MGO burden may provide new therapeutic applications to mitigate diseases in which MGO plays a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. G. Schalkwijk
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C. D. A. Stehouwer
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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29
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Fernando DH, Forbes JM, Angus PW, Herath CB. Development and Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5037. [PMID: 31614491 PMCID: PMC6834322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects up to 30% of the adult population and is now a major cause of liver disease-related premature illness and deaths in the world. Treatment is largely based on lifestyle modification, which is difficult to achieve in most patients. Progression of simple fatty liver or steatosis to its severe form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis has been explained by a 'two-hit hypothesis'. Whilst simple steatosis is considered the first hit, its transformation to NASH may be driven by a second hit. Of several factors that constitute the second hit, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are formed when reducing-sugars react with proteins or lipids, have been implicated as major candidates that drive steatosis to NASH via the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). Both endogenous and processed food-derived (exogenous) AGEs can activate RAGE, mainly present on Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells, thus propagating NAFLD progression. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of NAFLD with special emphasis on the role of food-derived AGEs in NAFLD progression to NASH and liver fibrosis. Moreover, the effect of dietary manipulation to reduce AGE content in food or the therapies targeting AGE/RAGE pathway on disease progression is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinali H Fernando
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3084, Australia.
| | | | - Peter W Angus
- Liver transplant unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Australia.
| | - Chandana B Herath
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3084, Australia.
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30
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Use of Grape Pomace Phenolics to Counteract Endogenous and Exogenous Formation of Advanced Glycation End-Products. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081917. [PMID: 31443235 PMCID: PMC6723612 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in consumption of "ultra-processed" foods has raised attention because of the possible adverse effects deriving from the Maillard reaction leading to the formation of toxic advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) during food processing. Additionally, the increasing trend and consumption of sugar-added foods and sweetened beverages is related to the endogenous formation of the same toxic compounds. However, ultra-processing in the context of food technology can bring challenges as well as a wealth of opportunities. Indeed, re-processing of grape pomace, a by-product of winemaking, can yield phenolic-rich fractions that efficiently counteract the effects of AGEs. In this review, the process of endogenous and exogenous AGE formation is illustrated. Then, the ability of grape phenolics to act as inhibitors of AGE formation is presented, including the efficacy ranking of various individual compounds measured in vitro and the outcome of in vivo double-blinded randomized crossover trials designed to prove the efficacy of grape phenolics as inhibitors of protein carbonylation. Finally, a survey of model functional foods added with grape phenolics, either to lower the dietary load of AGEs or to deliver antiglycation agents in vivo is listed in order to highlight the opportunity to develop safe and tailor-made "anti-AGEs" food applications.
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31
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Cömert ED, Gökmen V. Kinetic evaluation of the reaction between methylglyoxal and certain scavenging compounds and determination of their in vitro dicarbonyl scavenging activity. Food Res Int 2019; 121:257-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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32
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Rai AK, Jaiswal N, Maurya CK, Sharma A, Ahmad I, Ahmad S, Gupta AP, Gayen JR, Tamrakar AK. Fructose-induced AGEs-RAGE signaling in skeletal muscle contributes to impairment of glucose homeostasis. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 71:35-44. [PMID: 31272030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased fructose intake has been linked to the development of dyslipidemia, obesity and impaired glucose tolerance. Due to its specific metabolic fate, fructose impairs normal lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and facilitates the non-enzymatic glycation reaction leading to enhanced accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). However, the formation of fructose-AGEs under in vivo setup and its tissue specific accumulation is less explored. Here, we investigated the impact of high fructose on AGEs accumulation in skeletal muscle and its causal role in impaired glucose homeostasis. In L6 rat skeletal muscle cells, chronic exposure to fructose induced AGEs accumulation and the cellular level of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and the effect was prevented by pharmacological inhibition of glycation. Under in vivo settings, Sprague Dawley rats exposed to 20% fructose in drinking water for 16 weeks, displayed increased fasting glycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, decreased skeletal muscle Akt (Ser-473) phosphorylation, and enhanced triglyceride levels in serum, liver and gastrocnemius muscle. We also observed a high level of AGEs in serum and gastrocnemius muscle of fructose-supplemented animals, associated with methylglyoxal accumulation and up regulated expression of RAGE in gastrocnemius muscle. Treatment with aminoguanidine inhibited fructose-induced AGEs accumulation and normalized the expression of RAGE and Dolichyl-Diphosphooligosaccharide-Protein Glycosyltransferase (DDOST) in gastrocnemius muscle. Inhibition of AGEs-RAGE axis counteracted fructose-mediated glucose intolerance without affecting energy metabolism. These data reveal diet-derived AGEs accumulation in skeletal muscle and the implication of tissue specific AGEs in metabolic derangement, that may open new perspectives in pathogenic mechanisms and management of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Rai
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031
| | - Natasha Jaiswal
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031
| | - Chandan K Maurya
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031
| | - Ishbal Ahmad
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031
| | - Shadab Ahmad
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi-201002, India
| | - Anand P Gupta
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi-201002, India.
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33
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Microencapsulation of grape skin phenolics for pH controlled release of antiglycation agents. Food Res Int 2019; 119:822-828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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34
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Reesink KD, Spronck B. Constitutive interpretation of arterial stiffness in clinical studies: a methodological review. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H693-H709. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00388.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Clinical assessment of arterial stiffness relies on noninvasive measurements of regional pulse wave velocity or local distensibility. However, arterial stiffness measures do not discriminate underlying changes in arterial wall constituent properties (e.g., in collagen, elastin, or smooth muscle), which is highly relevant for development and monitoring of treatment. In arterial stiffness in recent clinical-epidemiological studies, we systematically review clinical-epidemiological studies (2012–) that interpreted arterial stiffness changes in terms of changes in arterial wall constituent properties (63 studies included of 514 studies found). Most studies that did so were association studies (52 of 63 studies) providing limited causal evidence. Intervention studies (11 of 63 studies) addressed changes in arterial stiffness through the modulation of extracellular matrix integrity (5 of 11 studies) or smooth muscle tone (6 of 11 studies). A handful of studies (3 of 63 studies) used mathematical modeling to discriminate between extracellular matrix components. Overall, there exists a notable gap in the mechanistic interpretation of stiffness findings. In constitutive model-based interpretation, we first introduce constitutive-based modeling and use it to illustrate the relationship between constituent properties and stiffness measurements (“forward” approach). We then review all literature on modeling approaches for the constitutive interpretation of clinical arterial stiffness data (“inverse” approach), which are aimed at estimation of constitutive properties from arterial stiffness measurements to benefit treatment development and monitoring. Importantly, any modeling approach requires a tradeoff between model complexity and measurable data. Therefore, the feasibility of changing in vivo the biaxial mechanics and/or vascular smooth muscle tone should be explored. The effectiveness of modeling approaches should be confirmed using uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis. Taken together, constitutive modeling can significantly improve clinical interpretation of arterial stiffness findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen D. Reesink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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35
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Bejarano E, Taylor A. Too sweet: Problems of protein glycation in the eye. Exp Eye Res 2019; 178:255-262. [PMID: 30145354 PMCID: PMC8351608 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory and epidemiological data indicate that high blood sugar levels and/or consuming high glycemia diets are linked to multiple age-related diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, cataract, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetic retinopathy, and, apparently glaucoma. High concentrations of blood sugar and perturbations of the systems that regulate blood sugar lead to the accumulation of advanced-glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds that are formed from the combination of sugars and their metabolites with biomolecules in a non-enzymatic biochemical reaction called glycation. In vitro and in vivo data indicate that high sugar consumption is associated with accumulation of AGEs in a variety of human tissues. Hyperglycemia, along with an oxidative environment and limited cell proliferation in many ocular tissues, encourages formation and precludes dilution of AGEs and associated damage by cell division. These circumstances make many eye tissues vulnerable to glycation-derived damage. Here, we summarize research regarding glycation-induced ocular tissue dysfunction and its contribution to the onset and development of eye disorders. We also discuss how management of carbohydrate nutrition may provide a low-cost way to ameliorate the progression of AGEs-related diseases, including age related macular degeneration and some cataracts, as they do for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Bejarano
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Allen Taylor
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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36
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Anderson EJ, Vistoli G, Katunga LA, Funai K, Regazzoni L, Monroe TB, Gilardoni E, Cannizzaro L, Colzani M, De Maddis D, Rossoni G, Canevotti R, Gagliardi S, Carini M, Aldini G. A carnosine analog mitigates metabolic disorders of obesity by reducing carbonyl stress. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5280-5293. [PMID: 30226473 DOI: 10.1172/jci94307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar- and lipid-derived aldehydes are reactive carbonyl species (RCS) frequently used as surrogate markers of oxidative stress in obesity. A pathogenic role for RCS in metabolic diseases of obesity remains controversial, however, partly because of their highly diffuse and broad reactivity and the lack of specific RCS-scavenging therapies. Naturally occurring histidine dipeptides (e.g., anserine and carnosine) show RCS reactivity, but their therapeutic potential in humans is limited by serum carnosinases. Here, we present the rational design, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of carnosinol, i.e., (2S)-2-(3-amino propanoylamino)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanol, a derivative of carnosine with high oral bioavailability that is resistant to carnosinases. Carnosinol displayed a suitable ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) profile and was determined to have the greatest potency and selectivity toward α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (e.g., 4-hydroxynonenal, HNE, ACR) among all others reported thus far. In rodent models of diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome, carnosinol dose-dependently attenuated HNE adduct formation in liver and skeletal muscle, while simultaneously mitigating inflammation, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and steatohepatitis. These improvements in metabolic parameters with carnosinol were not due to changes in energy expenditure, physical activity, adiposity, or body weight. Collectively, our findings illustrate a pathogenic role for RCS in obesity-related metabolic disorders and provide validation for a promising new class of carbonyl-scavenging therapeutic compounds rationally derived from carnosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lalage A Katunga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Luca Regazzoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - T Blake Monroe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ettore Gilardoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Cannizzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Colzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo De Maddis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossoni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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37
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Papadaki M, Holewinski RJ, Previs SB, Martin TG, Stachowski MJ, Li A, Blair CA, Moravec CS, Van Eyk JE, Campbell KS, Warshaw DM, Kirk JA. Diabetes with heart failure increases methylglyoxal modifications in the sarcomere, which inhibit function. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121264. [PMID: 30333300 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are at significantly higher risk of developing heart failure. Increases in advanced glycation end products are a proposed pathophysiological link, but their impact and mechanism remain incompletely understood. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a glycolysis byproduct, elevated in diabetes, and modifies arginine and lysine residues. We show that left ventricular myofilament from patients with diabetes and heart failure (dbHF) exhibited increased MG modifications compared with nonfailing controls (NF) or heart failure patients without diabetes. In skinned NF human and mouse cardiomyocytes, acute MG treatment depressed both calcium sensitivity and maximal calcium-activated force in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, dbHF myocytes were resistant to myofilament functional changes from MG treatment, indicating that myofilaments from dbHF patients already had depressed function arising from MG modifications. In human dbHF and MG-treated mice, mass spectrometry identified increased MG modifications on actin and myosin. Cosedimentation and in vitro motility assays indicate that MG modifications on actin and myosin independently depress calcium sensitivity, and mechanistically, the functional consequence requires actin/myosin interaction with thin-filament regulatory proteins. MG modification of the myofilament may represent a critical mechanism by which diabetes induces heart failure, as well as a therapeutic target to avoid the development of or ameliorate heart failure in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papadaki
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Samantha Beck Previs
- University of Vermont, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Thomas G Martin
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marisa J Stachowski
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Amy Li
- University of Vermont, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Cheavar A Blair
- University of Kentucky, Department of Physiology, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christine S Moravec
- The Cleveland Clinic, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kenneth S Campbell
- University of Kentucky, Department of Physiology, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - David M Warshaw
- University of Vermont, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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38
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Rowan S, Bejarano E, Taylor A. Mechanistic targeting of advanced glycation end-products in age-related diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3631-3643. [PMID: 30279139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycative stress, caused by the accumulation of cytotoxic and irreversibly-formed sugar-derived advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), contributes to morbidity associated with aging, age-related diseases, and metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize pathways leading to formation of AGEs, largely from sugars and glycolytic intermediates, and discuss detoxification of AGE precursors, including the glyoxalase system and DJ-1/Park7 deglycase. Disease pathogenesis downstream of AGE accumulation can be cell autonomous due to aggregation of glycated proteins and impaired protein function, which occurs in ocular cataracts. Extracellular AGEs also activate RAGE signaling, leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, and leukostasis in diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy. Pharmaceutical agents have been tested in animal models and clinically to diminish glycative burden. We summarize existing strategies and point out several new directions to diminish glycative stress including: plant-derived polyphenols as AGE inhibitors and glyoxalase inducers; improved dietary patterns, particularly Mediterranean and low glycemic diets; and enhancing proteolytic capacities of the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy pathways that are involved in cellular clearing of AGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon Rowan
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Eloy Bejarano
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Allen Taylor
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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39
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Sanchis P, Rivera R, Berga F, Fortuny R, Adrover M, Costa-Bauza A, Grases F, Masmiquel L. Phytate Decreases Formation of Advanced Glycation End-Products in Patients with Type II Diabetes: Randomized Crossover Trial. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9619. [PMID: 29941991 PMCID: PMC6018557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Myo-inositol hexaphosphate (phytate; IP6) is a natural compound that is abundant in cereals, legumes, and nuts and it has the ability to chelate metal cations. The binding of IP6 to transition metals suggests that it could be used for the treatment of metal-catalyzed protein glycation, which appears to trigger diabetes-related diseases. Our in vitro studies showed that IP6 reduced the formation of Fe3+-catalyzed advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). This led us to perform a randomized cross-over trial to investigate the impact of the daily consumption IP6 on protein glycation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; n = 33). Thus, we measured AGEs, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), several vascular risk factors, and urinary IP6 at baseline and at the end of the intervention period. Patients who consumed IP6 supplements for 3 months had lower levels of circulating AGEs and HbA1c than those who did not consume IP6. This is the first report to show that consumption of IP6 inhibits protein glycation in patients with T2DM. Considering that AGEs contribute to microvascular and macrovascular complications in T2DM, our data indicates that dietary supplementation with IP6 should be considered as a therapy to prevent the formation of AGEs and therefore, the development of diabetes-related diseases in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sanchis
- Endocrinology Department, Research Unit, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07198, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University of Balearic Islands, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Rosmeri Rivera
- Endocrinology Department, Research Unit, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07198, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
| | - Francisco Berga
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University of Balearic Islands, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
| | - Regina Fortuny
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Son Llàtzer, 07198, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miquel Adrover
- Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonia Costa-Bauza
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University of Balearic Islands, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
| | - Felix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University of Balearic Islands, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain
| | - Luis Masmiquel
- Endocrinology Department, Research Unit, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Institute of Health Sciences Research [IUNICS- IdISBa], 07198, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
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40
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Lin JA, Wu CH, Yen GC. Perspective of Advanced Glycation End Products on Human Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2065-2070. [PMID: 29421872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last 20 years, the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on health have received increasing attention. High AGE levels in the body correlate with the progression of many diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. However, whether AGEs are a cause of these diseases or represent accompanying symptoms of these diseases still needs to be elucidated by more comprehensive research. Recently, many researchers have begun to investigate the effects of AGE intake-induced variations of gut microbiota on disease progression, which will further explain the impact of AGEs on health and open a new chapter in AGE research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi-Hao Wu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies , National Taiwan Normal University , 162, Section 1, Heping East Road , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
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41
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Do MH, Hur J, Choi J, Kim M, Kim MJ, Kim Y, Ha SK. Eucommia ulmoides Ameliorates Glucotoxicity by Suppressing Advanced Glycation End-Products in Diabetic Mice Kidney. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030265. [PMID: 29495397 PMCID: PMC5872683 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EU), also known as Du-Zhong, is a medicinal herb commonly used in Asia to treat hypertension and diabetes. Despite evidence of the protective effects of EU against diabetes, its precise effects and mechanisms of action against advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of EU on AGEs-induced renal disease and explored the possible underlying mechanisms using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. STZ-induced diabetic mice received EU extract (200 mg/kg) orally for 6 weeks. EU treatment did not change blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in diabetic mice. However, the EU-treated group showed a significant increase in the protein expression and activity of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), which detoxifies the AGE precursor, methylglyoxal (MGO). EU significantly upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression but downregulated that of receptor for AGE (RAGE). Furthermore, histological and immunohistochemical analyses of kidney tissue showed that EU reduced periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive staining, AGEs, and MGO accumulation in diabetic mice. Based on these findings, we concluded that EU ameliorated the renal damage in diabetic mice by inhibiting AGEs formation and RAGE expression and reducing oxidative stress, through the Glo1 and Nrf2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Ho Do
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju_Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Jinyoung Hur
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju_Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
- Divison of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea.
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju_Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Mina Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju_Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju_Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Yoonsook Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju_Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Sang Keun Ha
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju_Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
- Divison of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea.
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42
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Pei Z, Deng Q, Babcock SA, He EY, Ren J, Zhang Y. Inhibition of advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) rescues against streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy: Role of autophagy and ER stress. Toxicol Lett 2017; 284:10-20. [PMID: 29174818 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus leads to oxidative stress and contractile dysfunction in the heart. Although several rationales have been speculated, the precise mechanism behind diabetic cardiomyopathy remains elusive. This study was designed to assess the role of inhibition of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac contractile function was assessed in normal C57BL/6 and STZ (200mg/kg, single injection and maintained for 2 wks)-induced diabetic mice treated with or without the AGE inhibitor aminoguanidine (50mg/kg/d in drinking water) for 2 weeks using echocardiography and IonOptix MyoCam techniques. Diabetes compromised cardiac contractile function shown as reduced fractional shortening and ejection fraction, enlarged left ventricular end systolic/diastolic diameters, decreased peak shortening, maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening, prolonged shortening and relengthening duration as well as impaired intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, the effects of which were alleviated or reversed by aminoguanidine treatment. Diabetes also inhibited autophagy, increased ER stress and phosphorylation of pro-hypertrophic signaling molecules Akt and mTOR, the effect of which was reversed by aminoguanidine. In vitro study revealed that methylglyoxal-derived AGE (MG-AGE) incubation in isolated cardiomyocytes promoted oxidation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) and production of superoxide, the effects of which were negated by the autophagy inducer rapamycin, the ER stress chaperone TUDCA or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Taken together, these data revealed that inhibition of AGE formation rescues against experimental diabetes-induced cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction possible through regulation of autophagy and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Pei
- The Second Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China
| | - Qinqin Deng
- The Second Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China
| | - Sara A Babcock
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Emily Y He
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 210032, China.
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 210032, China.
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43
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Uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis of an arterial wall mechanics model for evaluation of vascular drug therapies. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 17:55-69. [PMID: 28755237 PMCID: PMC5807551 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of the uncertainty in constitutive model predictions describing arterial wall mechanics is vital towards non-invasive assessment of vascular drug therapies. Therefore, we perform uncertainty quantification to determine uncertainty in mechanical characteristics describing the vessel wall response upon loading. Furthermore, a global variance-based sensitivity analysis is performed to pinpoint measurements that are most rewarding to be measured more precisely. We used previously published carotid diameter–pressure and intima–media thickness (IMT) data (measured in triplicate), and Holzapfel–Gasser–Ogden models. A virtual data set containing 5000 diastolic and systolic diameter–pressure points, and IMT values was generated by adding measurement error to the average of the measured data. The model was fitted to single-exponential curves calculated from the data, obtaining distributions of constitutive parameters and constituent load bearing parameters. Additionally, we (1) simulated vascular drug treatment to assess the relevance of model uncertainty and (2) evaluated how increasing the number of measurement repetitions influences model uncertainty. We found substantial uncertainty in constitutive parameters. Simulating vascular drug treatment predicted a 6% point reduction in collagen load bearing (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$L_\mathrm {coll}$$\end{document}Lcoll), approximately 50% of its uncertainty. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the uncertainty in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$L_{\mathrm {coll}}$$\end{document}Lcoll was primarily caused by noise in distension and IMT measurements. Spread in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$L_{\mathrm {coll}}$$\end{document}Lcoll could be decreased by 50% when increasing the number of measurement repetitions from 3 to 10. Model uncertainty, notably that in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$L_{\mathrm {coll}}$$\end{document}Lcoll, could conceal effects of vascular drug therapy. However, this uncertainty could be reduced by increasing the number of measurement repetitions of distension and wall thickness measurements used for model parameterisation.
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Drenth H, Zuidema SU, Krijnen WP, Bautmans I, van der Schans C, Hobbelen H. Advanced Glycation End-Products Are Associated With the Presence and Severity of Paratonia in Early Stage Alzheimer Disease. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017; 18:636.e7-636.e12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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45
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The systolic–diastolic difference in carotid stiffness is increased in type 2 diabetes. J Hypertens 2017; 35:1052-1060. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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46
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Targeting Select Cellular Stress Pathways to Prevent Hyperglycemia-Related Complications: Shifting the Paradigm. Drugs 2017; 76:1081-91. [PMID: 27364752 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-016-0609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advances made in preventing complications of diabetes, there is still substantial residual risk. Hence the need for developing new therapeutic agents that target the various facets of the pathogenesis of complications in people with diabetes. Traditionally four general biochemical pathways had been recognized as major contributors to glucotoxicity. These include the polyol pathway, the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, glycosylation pathway, and oxidative stress. The latter has been proposed as a common impetus of the other pathways of glucotoxicity. More recently, the cross talk between oxidative stress and other recognized cellular stresses such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER), inflammatory, and mitochondrial stresses has emerged as an important additional mechanism of glucotoxicity. The observation that targeting oxidative stress with antioxidants has been associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes and the recognition that in cell cultures antioxidants may aggravate ER stress, suggests that selective targeting of individual cellular stresses may not be sufficient for preventing glucotoxicity. Future efforts should focus on developing therapeutic agents that can ameliorate cellular stress globally by simultaneously targeting the oxidative, ER, mitochondrial, and inflammatory stresses.
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47
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Emel’yanov VV. Glycation, antiglycation, and deglycation: Their role in aging mechanisms and geroprotective effects (literature review). ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057017010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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48
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A scavenger peptide prevents methylglyoxal induced pain in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:654-662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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van Bussel BCT, van de Poll MCG, Schalkwijk CG, Bergmans DCJJ. Increased Dicarbonyl Stress as a Novel Mechanism of Multi-Organ Failure in Critical Illness. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020346. [PMID: 28178202 PMCID: PMC5343881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular pathological pathways leading to multi-organ failure in critical illness are progressively being unravelled. However, attempts to modulate these pathways have not yet improved the clinical outcome. Therefore, new targetable mechanisms should be investigated. We hypothesize that increased dicarbonyl stress is such a mechanism. Dicarbonyl stress is the accumulation of dicarbonyl metabolites (i.e., methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone) that damages intracellular proteins, modifies extracellular matrix proteins, and alters plasma proteins. Increased dicarbonyl stress has been shown to impair the renal, cardiovascular, and central nervous system function, and possibly also the hepatic and respiratory function. In addition to hyperglycaemia, hypoxia and inflammation can cause increased dicarbonyl stress, and these conditions are prevalent in critical illness. Hypoxia and inflammation have been shown to drive the rapid intracellular accumulation of reactive dicarbonyls, i.e., through reduced glyoxalase-1 activity, which is the key enzyme in the dicarbonyl detoxification enzyme system. In critical illness, hypoxia and inflammation, with or without hyperglycaemia, could thus increase dicarbonyl stress in a way that might contribute to multi-organ failure. Thus, we hypothesize that increased dicarbonyl stress in critical illness, such as sepsis and major trauma, contributes to the development of multi-organ failure. This mechanism has the potential for new therapeutic intervention in critical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas C T van Bussel
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht 6229 HX, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel C G van de Poll
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht 6229 HX, The Netherlands.
- Department of Surgery, and NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht 6229 HX, The Netherlands.
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht 6229 HX, The Netherlands.
| | - Dennis C J J Bergmans
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht 6229 HX, The Netherlands.
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50
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Bruno RM, Reesink KD, Ghiadoni L. Advances in the non-invasive assessment of vascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome and diabetes: Focus on endothelium, carotid mechanics and renal vessels. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:121-128. [PMID: 27773467 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present paper is a selective review on the methodology and clinical significance of techniques to assess specifically endothelial function, carotid mechanics and renal vascular function, particularly in the light of vascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. DATA SYNTHESIS Endothelial dysfunction appears to be earlier detectable in the microcirculation of patients with altered glucose metabolism, while it attains significance in the macrocirculation at more advanced disease stages. Smooth muscle cell dysfunction is now increasingly recognized to play a role both in the development of endothelial dysfunction and abnormal arterial distensibility. Furthermore, impaired glucose metabolism affects carotid mechanics through medial calcification, structural changes in extracellular matrix due to advanced glycation and modification of the collagen/elastin material stiffness. The assessment of renal vascular function by dynamic ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging has recently emerged as an appealing target for identifying subtle vascular alterations responsible for the development of diabetic nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS Vascular dysfunction represents a major mechanism for the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with abnormal glucose metabolism. Hence, the currently available non-invasive techniques to assess early structural and vascular abnormalities merit recommendation in this population, although their predictive value and sensitivity to monitor treatment-induced changes have not yet been established and are still under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Bruno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - K D Reesink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - L Ghiadoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
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