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Zhang W, Xin H, Li Z, Cui Q, Xu B, Tang B, Wang Y, Xu C, Xue J. Responses of CO 2 and CH 4 in the alpine wetlands of the Tibetan Plateau to warming and nitrogen and phosphorus additions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024. [PMID: 39037733 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00174e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Wetland ecosystems store large amounts of carbon, and CO2 and CH4 fluxes from this ecosystem receive the double impact of climate change and human activities. Nonetheless, research on how multi-gradient warming and nitrogen and phosphorus additions affect these wetland greenhouse gas emissions is still limited, particularly in alpine wetland ecosystems. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment on the Tibetan Plateau wetlands, investigating the effects of warming and nitrogen and phosphorus additions on the CO2 and CH4 fluxes in alpine wetlands. Results indicated that warming enhanced the CO2 absorption and CH4 emission in the alpine meadow ecosystem, possibly related to changes in plant growth and microbial activity induced by warming, while we noticed that the promotion of CO2 uptake weakened with the increase in the magnitude of warming, suggesting that there may be a temperature threshold beyond which the ecosystem's capacity for carbon sequestration may be reduced. Nitrogen addition increased CH4 emission, with the effect on CO2 absorption shifting from inhibition to enhancement as the amount of applied nitrogen or phosphorus increased. The interaction between warming and nitrogen and phosphorus additions further influenced CH4 emission, exhibiting a synergistic enhancement effect. This study deepens our understanding of the greenhouse gas responses of alpine wetland ecosystems to warming and nitrogen and phosphorus additions, which is significant for predicting and managing ecosystem carbon balance under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbao Zhang
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiao Tong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Huijuan Xin
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiao Tong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Zongxing Li
- Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park by Stable Isotope Tracing in Qilian Mountains, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qiao Cui
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Biao Tang
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiao Tong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Yaning Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chong Xu
- School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiao Tong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Jian Xue
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Tang S, Tian D, Wang J, Zhang R, Wang S, Song J, Wan S, Zhang J, Zhang S, Li Z, Niu S. Synergistic effects of multiple global change drivers on terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167554. [PMID: 37820794 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple global change drivers typically co-occur in terrestrial ecosystems, usually with complex interactions on ecosystem carbon fluxes. However, how they interactively impact terrestrial carbon sinks remains unknown. Here, we synthesized 82 field experiments that studied the individual and pairwise effects among nitrogen addition (N), increased precipitation (IP), elevated CO2 (eCO2) and warming, with direct measurements of net ecosystem productivity (NEP), gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). We found that synergistic interactions mostly occurred between pairs of global change drivers on carbon fluxes. Moreover, these interactions varied with treatment magnitude, experimental duration and background precipitation. Specifically, the synergistic effect of N × IP became stronger with experimental precipitation magnitude and background rainfall. With an increasing N addition rate, N and eCO2 had weaker interactive effects on NEP. Warming and IP were more synergic to enhance NEP with higher levels of warming magnitude. However, the interactive effects of N × eCO2 on ER decreased over the experimental duration. Overall, this study provides new insights into the context-dependent occurrence of interactions among multiple global change drivers on ecosystem carbon sinks. These new findings are valuable to validate land C-cycle models with complex global change interactions and advance the next generations of future experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affuirs, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Dashuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Song
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Shiqiang Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Grassland Research Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
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Chen Y, Han M, Qin W, Hou Y, Zhang Z, Zhu B. Effects of whole-soil warming on CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes in an alpine grassland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17033. [PMID: 38273530 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Global climate warming could affect the methane (CH4 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) fluxes between soils and the atmosphere, but how CH4 and N2 O fluxes respond to whole-soil warming is unclear. Here, we for the first time investigated the effects of whole-soil warming on CH4 and N2 O fluxes in an alpine grassland ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau, and also studied the effects of experimental warming on CH4 and N2 O fluxes across terrestrial ecosystems through a global-scale meta-analysis. The whole-soil warming (0-100 cm, +4°C) significantly elevated soil N2 O emission by 101%, but had a minor effect on soil CH4 uptake. However, the meta-analysis revealed that experimental warming did not significantly alter CH4 and N2 O fluxes, and it may be that most field warming experiments could only heat the surface soils. Moreover, the warming-induced higher plant litter and available N in soils may be the main reason for the higher N2 O emission under whole-soil warming in the alpine grassland. We need to pay more attention to the long-term response of greenhouse gases (including CH4 and N2 O fluxes) from different soil depths to whole-soil warming over year-round, which could help us more accurately assess and predict the ecosystem-climate feedback under realistic warming scenarios in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengguang Han
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenkuan Qin
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Hou
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem, and Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Fry EL, Ashworth D, Allen KAJ, Chardon NI, Rixen C, Björkman MP, Björk RG, Stålhandske T, Molau M, Locke-King B, Cantillon I, McDonald C, Liu H, De Vries FT, Ostle NJ, Singh BK, Bardgett RD. Vegetation type, not the legacy of warming, modifies the response of microbial functional genes and greenhouse gas fluxes to drought in Oro-Arctic and alpine regions. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad145. [PMID: 37951295 PMCID: PMC10673709 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate warming and summer droughts alter soil microbial activity, affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Arctic and alpine regions. However, the long-term effects of warming, and implications for future microbial resilience, are poorly understood. Using one alpine and three Arctic soils subjected to in situ long-term experimental warming, we simulated drought in laboratory incubations to test how microbial functional-gene abundance affects fluxes in three GHGs: carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. We found that responses of functional gene abundances to drought and warming are strongly associated with vegetation type and soil carbon. Our sites ranged from a wet, forb dominated, soil carbon-rich systems to a drier, soil carbon-poor alpine site. Resilience of functional gene abundances, and in turn methane and carbon dioxide fluxes, was lower in the wetter, carbon-rich systems. However, we did not detect an effect of drought or warming on nitrous oxide fluxes. All gene-GHG relationships were modified by vegetation type, with stronger effects being observed in wetter, forb-rich soils. These results suggest that impacts of warming and drought on GHG emissions are linked to a complex set of microbial gene abundances and may be habitat-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L Fry
- School of Earth and Environment Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire, L39 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Ashworth
- School of Earth and Environment Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberley A J Allen
- School of Earth and Environment Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Isabelle Chardon
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2212 Main Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, CH-7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Flüelastrasse 11, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland
- Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Centre CERC, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Mats P Björkman
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 100 405 30 Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 100 405 30 Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert G Björk
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 100 405 30 Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 100 405 30 Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Stålhandske
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 100 405 30 Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mathias Molau
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 100 405 30 Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Brady Locke-King
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire, L39 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Cantillon
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire, L39 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Catriona McDonald
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Bourke Street, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Bourke Street, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Franciska T De Vries
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nick J Ostle
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Bourke Street, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Bourke Street, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard D Bardgett
- School of Earth and Environment Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Jin Y, Tian D, Li J, Wu Q, Pan Z, Han M, Wang Y, Zhang J, Han G. Water causes divergent responses of specific carbon sink to long-term grazing in a desert grassland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162166. [PMID: 36801405 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heavy grazing generally reduces grassland biomass, further decreasing its carbon sink. Grassland carbon sink is determined by both plant biomass and carbon sink per unit biomass (specific carbon sink). This specific carbon sink could reflect grassland adaptative response, because plants generally tend to adaptively enhance the functioning of their remaining biomass after grazing (i.e. higher leaf nitrogen content). Though we know well about the regulation of grassland biomass on carbon sink, little attention is paid to the role of specific carbon sink. Thus, we conducted a 14-year grazing experiment in a desert grassland. Ecosystem carbon fluxes, including net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (ER), were measured frequently during five consecutive growing seasons with contrasting precipitation events. We found that heavy grazing reduced NEE more in drier (-94.0 %) than wetter (-33.9 %) years. However, grazing did not reduce community biomass much more in drier (-70.4 %) than wetter years (-66.0 %). These meant a positive response of specific NEE (NEE per unit biomass) to grazing in wetter years. This positive response of specific NEE was mainly caused by a higher biomass ratio of other species versus perennial grasses with greater leaf nitrogen content and specific leaf area in wetter years. In addition, we also detected a shift of grazing effects on specific NEE from positive in wetter years to negative in drier years. Overall, this study is among the first to reveal the adaptive response of grassland specific carbon sink to experimental grazing in plant trait view. The stimulation response of specific carbon sink can partially compensate for the loss of grassland carbon storage under grazing. These new findings highlight the role of grassland adaptive response in decelerating climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Management and Utilization, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Dashuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jiangwen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Yan' an University, Yan' an 716000, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Management and Utilization, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Zhanlei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengqi Han
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Management and Utilization, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Management and Utilization, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Guodong Han
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Management and Utilization, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China.
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6
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Ge M, Korrensalo A, Laiho R, Lohila A, Makiranta P, Pihlatie M, Tuittila ES, Kohl L, Putkinen A, Koskinen M. Plant phenology and species-specific traits control plant CH 4 emissions in a northern boreal fen. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1019-1032. [PMID: 36751911 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aerenchymatic transport is an important mechanism through which plants affect methane (CH4 ) emissions from peatlands. Controlling environmental factors and the effects of plant phenology remain, however, uncertain. We identified factors controlling seasonal CH4 flux rate and investigated transport efficiency (flux rate per unit of rhizospheric porewater CH4 concentration). We measured CH4 fluxes through individual shoots of Carex rostrata, Menyanthes trifoliata, Betula nana and Salix lapponum throughout growing seasons in 2020 and 2021 and Equisetum fluviatile and Comarum palustre in high summer 2021 along with water-table level, peat temperature and porewater CH4 concentration. CH4 flux rate of C. rostrata was related to plant phenology and peat temperature. Flux rates of M. trifoliata and shrubs B. nana and S. lapponum were insensitive to the investigated environmental variables. In high summer, flux rate and efficiency were highest for C. rostrata (6.86 mg m-2 h-1 and 0.36 mg m-2 h-1 (μmol l-1 )-1 , respectively). Menyanthes trifoliata showed a high flux rate, but limited efficiency. Low flux rates and efficiency were detected for the remaining species. Knowledge of the species-specific CH4 flux rate and their different responses to plant phenology and environmental factors can significantly improve the estimation of ecosystem-scale CH4 dynamics in boreal peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Ge
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Aino Korrensalo
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, PO Box 2, Helsinki, 00791, Finland
| | - Raija Laiho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, PO Box 2, Helsinki, 00791, Finland
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, PO Box 503, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Päivi Makiranta
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, PO Box 2, Helsinki, 00791, Finland
| | - Mari Pihlatie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Anuliina Putkinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Markku Koskinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
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Guo K, Yan L, He Y, Li H, Lam SS, Peng W, Sonne C. Phytoremediation as a potential technique for vehicle hazardous pollutants around highways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121130. [PMID: 36693585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the synchronous development of highway construction and the urban economy, automobiles have entered thousands of households as essential means of transportation. This paper reviews the latest research progress in using phytoremediation technology to remediate the environmental pollution caused by automobile exhaust in recent years, including the prospects for stereoscopic forestry. Currently, most automobiles on the global market are internal combustion vehicles using fossil energy sources as the primary fuel, such as gasoline, diesel, and liquid or compressed natural gas. The composition of vehicle exhaust is relatively complex. When it enters the atmosphere, it is prone to a series of chemical reactions to generate various secondary pollutants, which are very harmful to human beings, plants, animals, and the eco-environment. Despite improving the automobile fuel quality and installing exhaust gas purification devices, helping to reduce air pollution, the treatment costs of these approaches are expensive and cannot achieve zero emissions of automobile exhaust pollutants. The purification of vehicle exhaust by plants is a crucial way to remediate the environmental pollution caused by automobile exhaust and improve the environment along the highway by utilizing the ecosystem's self-regulating ability. Therefore, it has become a global trend to use phytoremediation technology to restore the automobile exhaust pollution. Now, there is no scientific report or systematic review about how plants absorb vehicle pollutants. The screening and configuration of suitable plant species is the most crucial aspect of successful phytoremediation. The mechanisms of plant adsorption, metabolism, and detoxification are reviewed in this paper to address the problem of automobile exhaust pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Guo
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lijun Yan
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yifeng He
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hanyin Li
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
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8
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Kolari THM, Tahvanainen T. Inference of future bog succession trajectory from spatial chronosequence of changing aapa mires. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9988. [PMID: 37082320 PMCID: PMC10111175 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change-driven vegetation changes can alter the ecosystem functions of northern peatlands. Several case studies have documented fen-to-bog transition (FBT) over recent decades, which can have major implications, as increased bog growth would likely cause cooling feedback. However, studies beyond individual cases are missing to infer if a common trajectory or many alternatives of FBT are in progress. We explored plant community and hydrology patterns during FBT of 23 boreal aapa mire complexes in Finland. We focused on mires where comparisons of historical (1940-1970) and new (2017-2019) aerial photographs indicated an expansion of Sphagnum-dominated zones. Vegetation plot and water chemistry data were collected from string-flark fens, transition zones with indications of Sphagnum increase, and bog zones; thus, in a chronosequence with a decadal time span. We ask, is there a common trajectory or many alternatives of FBT in progress, and what are the main characteristics (species and traits) of transitional plant communities? We found a pattern of fen-bog transitions via an increase in Sphagnum sect. Cuspidata (mainly S. majus and S. balticum), indicating a consistently high water table. Indicators only of transitional communities were scarce (Sphagnum lindbergii), but FBT had apparently facilitated shallow-rooted aerenchymatous vascular plants, especially Scheuchzeria palustris. Water pH consistently reflected the chronosequence with averages of 4.2, 3.9, and 3.8, from fen to transition and bog zones. Due to weak minerotrophy of string-flark fens, species richness increased towards bogs, but succession led to reduced beta diversity and homogenization among bog sites. Decadal chronosequence suggested a future fen-bog transition through a wet phase, instead of a drying trend. Transitional poor-fen vegetation was characterized by the abundance of Sphagnum lindbergii, S. majus, and Scheuchzeria palustris. Sphagnum mosses likely benefit from longer growing seasons and consistently wet and acidic conditions of aapa mires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina H. M. Kolari
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandP.O. Box 111JoensuuFI‐80101Finland
| | - Teemu Tahvanainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandP.O. Box 111JoensuuFI‐80101Finland
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9
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Barel JM, Robroek BJM. Protecting nature's most effective carbon sink: an important role for fungi in peatlands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:5-7. [PMID: 36756974 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janna M Barel
- Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bjorn J M Robroek
- Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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10
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Chen R, Kong Y. A comprehensive review of greenhouse gas based on subject categories. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161314. [PMID: 36603628 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations have continued to increase in the atmosphere and unequivocally warmed the climate system, and human activities contribute significantly to the growth impact. Various research puzzles and potential mitigation evidence involving GHG related research (GRR) need to be explored and deciphered from large-scale literature records to provide a whole picture and clear scientific view on the current state of GRR to promoting action on climate change. By combining Bibexcel-based bibliometrics with Pajek's social network analysis, we explore the literature statistics and interdisciplinary characteristics of GRR, and identify frequently debated topics in interdisciplinary by going deep into the texts of those classical literature. We found the trend of GRR's publications in the Environmental/Ecology group increased exponentially with an annual growth rate of 47.3 % and continue to expand in 13 subject categories. There are four types of relationships in the author cooperation, which gradually promote the cross-study of GHG in different subject categories, and the regional cooperation relations are relatively stable involving North America, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and South America. Those classical literature are widely distributed in six interdisciplinary categories, specifically 'Agronomy, Forestry and Zoology', 'Biodiversity Conservation and Ecology', 'Engineering, Environmental and Green & Sustainable Science & Technology', 'Geography and Remote Sensing', 'Limnology, Marine & Freshwater Biology and Water Resources', and 'Public, Environmental & Occupational Health'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Chen
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China.
| | - Ying Kong
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China
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11
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Sytiuk A, Hamard S, Céréghino R, Dorrepaal E, Geissel H, Küttim M, Lamentowicz M, Tuittila ES, Jassey VEJ. Linkages between Sphagnum metabolites and peatland CO 2 uptake are sensitive to seasonality in warming trends. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1164-1178. [PMID: 36336780 PMCID: PMC10108112 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a wide diversity of metabolites. Yet, our understanding of how shifts in plant metabolites as a response to climate change feedback on ecosystem processes remains scarce. Here, we test to what extent climate warming shifts the seasonality of metabolites produced by Sphagnum mosses, and what are the consequences of these shifts for peatland C uptake. We used a reciprocal transplant experiment along a climate gradient in Europe to simulate climate change. We evaluated the responses of primary and secondary metabolites in five Sphagnum species and related their responses to gross ecosystem productivity (GEP). When transplanted to a warmer climate, Sphagnum species showed consistent responses to warming, with an upregulation of either their primary or secondary metabolite according to seasons. Moreover, these shifts were correlated to changes in GEP, especially in spring and autumn. Our results indicate that the Sphagnum metabolome is very plastic and sensitive to warming. We also show that warming-induced changes in the seasonality of Sphagnum metabolites have consequences on peatland GEP. Our findings demonstrate the capacity for plant metabolic plasticity to impact ecosystem C processes and reveal a further mechanism through which Sphagnum could shape peatland responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sytiuk
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE)Université Paul Sabatier, CNRSF‐31000ToulouseFrance
| | - Samuel Hamard
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE)Université Paul Sabatier, CNRSF‐31000ToulouseFrance
| | - Régis Céréghino
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE)Université Paul Sabatier, CNRSF‐31000ToulouseFrance
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Climate Impacts Research CentreUmeå UniversitySE‐981 07AbiskoSweden
| | - Honorine Geissel
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE)Université Paul Sabatier, CNRSF‐31000ToulouseFrance
| | - Martin Küttim
- Institute of Ecology, School of Natural Sciences and HealthTallinn UniversityUus‐Sadama 510120TallinnEstonia
| | - Mariusz Lamentowicz
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological SciencesAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańBogumiła Krygowskiego 1061‐680PoznańPoland
| | - Eeva Stiina Tuittila
- School of Forest SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuu CampusFI‐80100JoensuuFinland
| | - Vincent E. J. Jassey
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE)Université Paul Sabatier, CNRSF‐31000ToulouseFrance
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12
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Structuring Life After Death: Plant Leachates Promote CO2 Uptake by Regulating Microbial Biofilm Interactions in a Northern Peatland Ecosystem. Ecosystems 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-023-00820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractShifts in plant functional groups associated with climate change have the potential to influence peatland carbon storage by altering the amount and composition of organic matter available to aquatic microbial biofilms. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential for plant subsidies to regulate ecosystem carbon flux (CO2) by governing the relative proportion of primary producers (microalgae) and heterotrophic decomposers (heterotrophic bacteria) during aquatic biofilm development in an Alaskan fen. We evaluated biofilm composition and CO2 flux inside mesocosms with and without nutrients (both nitrogen and phosphorus), organic carbon (glucose), and leachates from common peatland plants (moss, sedge, shrub, horsetail). Experimental mesocosms were exposed to either natural sunlight or placed under a dark canopy to evaluate the response of decomposers to nutrients and carbon subsidies with and without algae, respectively. Algae were limited by inorganic nutrients and heterotrophic bacteria were limited by organic carbon. The quality of organic matter varied widely among plants and leachate nutrient content, more so than carbon quality, influenced biofilm composition. By alleviating nutrient limitation of algae, plant leachates shifted the biofilm community toward autotrophy in the light-transparent treatments, resulting in a significant reduction in CO2 emissions compared to the control. Without the counterbalance from algal photosynthesis, a heterotrophic biofilm significantly enhanced CO2 emissions in the presence of plant leachates in the dark. These results show that plants not only promote carbon uptake directly through photosynthesis, but also indirectly through a surrogate, the phototrophic microbes.
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13
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Response of Carbon Emissions and the Bacterial Community to Freeze-Thaw Cycles in a Permafrost-Affected Forest-Wetland Ecotone in Northeast China. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101950. [PMID: 36296226 PMCID: PMC9609725 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate warming can affect freeze–thaw cycle (FTCs) patterns in northern high-latitude regions and may affect permafrost carbon emissions. The response of carbon release and microbial communities to FTCs has not been well characterized. Here, we conducted laboratory incubation experiments to investigate the relationships among carbon emissions, bacterial community, and soil variables in a permafrost-affected forest–wetland ecotone in Northeast China. The emission rates of CO2 and CH4 increased during the FTCs. FTC amplitude, FTC frequency, and patch type had significant effects on carbon emissions. FTCs increased the contents of soil DOC, NH4+-N, and NO3−-N but reduced bacterial alpha diversity. CO2 emissions were mainly affected by bacterial alpha diversity and composition, and the inorganic nitrogen content was the important factor affecting CH4 emissions. Our findings indicated that FTCs could significantly regulate CO2 and CH4 emissions by reducing bacterial community diversity and increasing the concentration of available soil substrates. Our findings shed new light on the microorganism-substrate mechanisms regulating the response patterns of the soil carbon cycle to FTCs in permafrost regions.
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14
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Laine AM, Korrensalo A, Tuittila ES. Plant functional traits play the second fiddle to plant functional types in explaining peatland CO 2 and CH 4 gas exchange. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155352. [PMID: 35460776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands constitute a significant soil carbon (C) store, yet the C gas flux components show distinct spatial variation both between and within peatlands. Determining the controls on this variability could aid in our understanding of the response of peatlands to global changes. In this study, we assess the usefulness of different vegetation related parameters to explain spatial variation in peatland C gas flux components. We hypothesise that spatial variation is best explained by trait-based indices (similarly to other terrestrial ecosystems), and that the impact of soil physicochemical properties, such as nitrogen (N) content or water level, can be manifested through the traits. Furthermore, we expect that the spatial variability associated with each of the C gas flux components can be explained by a distinct set of traits. To address our aim, we used a successional peatland chronosequence from wet meadows to a bog, along which all variables were recorded with similar methods and under similar climatic conditions. We observed spatial variability with all measured gas fluxes, with carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes showing significant variability between sites, while within site variability was more important for methane (CH4) fluxes. As expected, our results show that the impacts of physicochemical conditions were directed via vegetation. However, the cover of functional plant types that capture multiple traits proved to be more powerful in explaining gas flux variability compared to functional trait-based indices. Our findings imply that for future gas flux modelling purposes, rather than attempting to use individual traits - as is the ongoing trend in ecology - it might be more useful to refine plant functional groupings and ensure they are based on a set of plant traits relevant for the studied ecosystem process. This could be facilitated by the collation of a large data set of traits measured from peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Laine
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland; Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland; Geological Survey of Finland, P.O Box 1237, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland(1).
| | - Aino Korrensalo
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Yliopistokatu 6 B, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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15
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Hu Y, Xu B, Wang Y, He Z, Zhang P, Wang G. Reference for different sensitivities of greenhouse gases effluxes to warming climate among types of desert biological soil crust. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154805. [PMID: 35341852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is much uncertainty about how climate warming will impact greenhouse gases (GHG) budget in dry environments due to the lack of available data for desert biocrust soil. We implemented a 2.5-year field measurement of CO2, CH4 and N2O effluxes in cyanobacteria-dominated, moss-dominated and mixed (cyanobacteria, moss and lichen) biocrust soils using open-top-chambers to simulate climate warming (1.2 °C on average). Desert biocrust soils generally acted as a weak sink of atmospheric CH4 and N2O. Although warming effects on daily CO2, CH4, and N2O effluxes varied depending on sampling date and biocrust soil, there was no significant difference in daily, monthly and seasonal average CO2, CH4 and N2O effluxes between warming and control in most cases for three biocrust soils. However, warming caused a marginal (p = 0.06) decrease (14.2%) in annual accumulative CO2 efflux in moss-dominated biocrust soil due to the drought effects caused by warming indirectly and OTC sheltering of precipitation directly, while there was no significant difference between warming and control for cyanobacteria-dominated and mixed biocrust soils, implying a neutral response of GHG effluxes to climate warming. These results suggest that the GHG budget in arid desert biocrust soil would not be significantly changed in the warmer future when the direct negative effects of drought on CO2 effluxes were excluded. Therefore, a marginal decrease of accumulative CO2 effluxes in response to warming coupled with drought for moss-dominated biocrust soil might offer a weak negative feedback to warming and drier climate change pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigang Hu
- Shapotou Desert Experiment and Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environmental and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Bingxin Xu
- Shapotou Desert Experiment and Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environmental and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yani Wang
- Shapotou Desert Experiment and Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environmental and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzi He
- Shapotou Desert Experiment and Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environmental and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shapotou Desert Experiment and Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environmental and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guojie Wang
- Eastern Oregon Agriculture and Natural Resource Program, Oregon State University, La Grande, OR, USA
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16
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Yang J, Jia X, Ma H, Chen X, Liu J, Shangguan Z, Yan W. Effects of warming and precipitation changes on soil GHG fluxes: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154351. [PMID: 35259374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations resulting from human activities lead to climate change, including global warming and changes of precipitation patterns worldwide, which in turn would have profound effects on soil GHG emissions. Nonetheless, the impact of the combination of warming and precipitation changes on all three major biogenic GHGs (CO2, CH4 and N2O) has not been synthesized, to build a global synthesis. In this study, we conducted a global meta-analysis concerning the effects of warming and precipitation changes and their interactions on soil GHG fluxes and explored the potential factors by synthesizing 39 published studies worldwide. Across all studies, combination of warming and increased precipitation showed more significant effect on CO2 emissions (24.0%) than the individual effect of warming (8.6%) and increased precipitation (20.8%). Additionally, warming increased N2O emissions (28.3%), and decreased precipitation reduced CO2 (-8.5%) and N2O (-7.1%) emissions, while the combination of warming and decreased precipitation also showed negative effects on CO2 (-7.6%) and N2O (-14.6%) emissions. The interactive effects of warming and precipitation changes on CO2 emissions were usually additive, whereas CO2 and N2O emissions were dominated by synergistic effects under warming and decreased precipitation. Moreover, climate, biome, duration, and season of manipulations also affected soil GHG fluxes as well. Furthermore, we also found the threshold effects of changes in soil temperature and moisture on CO2 and N2O emissions under warming and precipitation changes. The findings indicate that both warming and precipitation changes substantially affect GHG emissions and highlight the urgent need to study the effect of the combination of warming and precipitation changes on C and N cycling under ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Hongze Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Zhouping Shangguan
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Weiming Yan
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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17
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Antala M, Juszczak R, van der Tol C, Rastogi A. Impact of climate change-induced alterations in peatland vegetation phenology and composition on carbon balance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154294. [PMID: 35247401 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global climate is changing faster than humankind has ever experienced. Model-based predictions of future climate are becoming more complex and precise, but they still lack crucial information about the reaction of some important ecosystems, such as peatlands. Peatlands belong to one of the largest carbon stores on the Earth. They are mostly distributed in high latitudes, where the temperature rises faster than in the other parts of the planet. Warmer climate and changes in precipitation patterns cause changes in the composition and phenology of peatland vegetation. Peat mosses are becoming less abundant, vascular plants cover is increasing, and the vegetation season and phenophases of vascular plants start sooner. The alterations in vegetation cause changes in the carbon assimilation and release of greenhouse gases. Therefore, this article reviews the impact of climate change-induced alterations in peatland vegetation phenology and composition on future climate and the uncertainties that need to be addressed for more accurate climate prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Antala
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Juszczak
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland
| | - Christiaan van der Tol
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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18
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Zhang Y, Song C, Wang X, Chen N, Zhang H, Du Y, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Warming effects on the flux of CH 4 from peatland mesocosms are regulated by plant species composition: Richness and functional types. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150831. [PMID: 34627884 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands in northeast China are experiencing severe climate warming. Most studies on peatlands focus on the responses of CH4 dynamics to temperature. However, they rarely consider the synchronous changes in the composition of plant communities caused by the expansion of vascular plants. In this study, an experiment combined warming with the manipulation of plants to examine the concentrations of CH4 porewater and its fluxes in the mesocosm. We found that warming increased the concentration of CH4 and its fluxes relative to the control treatments, and it was strongly modulated by plant richness and functional types. The average CH4 fluxes in the warming and non-warming mesocosms varied from 72.10 to 119.44 and 97.95 to 194.43 mg m-2 h-1, respectively. Plant species richness significantly increased CH4 flux at the warming level of 3.2 °C (P < 0.01). The presence of vascular plants, such as Carex globularis and Vaccinium uliginosum, significantly increased the CH4 fluxes after warming had occurred. Our results suggest that the distinct response of CH4 to richness and species primarily stemmed from the direct or indirect effects of plant biomass and functional characteristics. Therefore, more consideration should be given to the diversity changes caused by vascular plant expansion when estimating CH4 flux in boreal peatland, especially in the context of future climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changchun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yu Du
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Zhengang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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19
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Andrews LO, Rowson JG, Caporn SJM, Dise NB, Barton E, Garrett E, Gehrels WR, Gehrels M, Kay M, Payne RJ. Plant community responses to experimental climate manipulation in a Welsh ombrotrophic peatland and their palaeoenvironmental context. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1596-1617. [PMID: 34800308 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We test whether vegetation community composition from a 10-year climate manipulation experiment on a Welsh peat bog resembles vegetation communities during periods of climate change inferred from a peat core. Experimentally warmed and combined warmed and droughted treatments drove significant increases in ericaceous shrubs but Sphagnum was unaffected. Similarly, Calluna vulgaris seeds increase during inferred warmer periods in the palaeoecological record. Experimental short-term episodic drought (four 4-week drought treatments) did not affect vegetation. Plant community composition has undergone several abrupt changes throughout the past c. 1500 years, often in response to human disturbance. Only slight changes occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (c. 950-1250 Common Era [CE]) in vegetation and hydrology, while abrupt changes occurred during the Little Ice Age (c. 1300-1850 CE) when water tables were highest, suggesting that these shifts were driven by changes in water table, modulated by climate. A period of water table drawdown c. 1800, synchronous with historical records of increased drainage, corresponds with the development of the present-day vegetation community. Modern analogues for fossil material, characterized by abundant Rhynchospora alba and Sphagnum pulchrum, are more common after this event. Vegetation changes due to climate inferred from the palaeo record differ from those observed in the experiments, possibly relating to differences in the importance of drivers of vegetation change over varying timescales. Whereas temperature is frequently identified as the dominant driver of plant community change in experiments, sustained changes in water table appear to be more important in the long-term record. We find evidence that recent climate change and other anthropogenic stressors (e.g. drainage, heavy metal and nitrogen pollution) may promote the development of novel plant communities without analogues in the fossil record. These communities may be poorer at sequestering carbon and may respond differently to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke O Andrews
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - James G Rowson
- Department of Geography and Geology, Edge Hill University, Lancashire, UK
| | - Simon J M Caporn
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Eleanor Barton
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Ed Garrett
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - W Roland Gehrels
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Maria Gehrels
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Martin Kay
- Geography, School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard J Payne
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
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20
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Dong X, Liu C, Ma D, Wu Y, Man H, Wu X, Li M, Zang S. Organic Carbon Mineralization and Bacterial Community of Active Layer Soils Response to Short-Term Warming in the Great Hing'an Mountains of Northeast China. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:802213. [PMID: 35003032 PMCID: PMC8739994 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.802213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a buffer layer for the energy and water exchange between atmosphere and permafrost, the active layer is sensitive to climate warming. Changes in the thermal state in active layer can alter soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. It is critical to identify the response of soil microbial communities to warming to better predict the regional carbon cycle under the background of global warming. Here, the active layer soils collected from a wetland-forest ecotone in the continuous permafrost region of Northeastern China were incubated at 5 and 15°C for 45 days. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to examine the response of bacterial community structure to experimental warming. A total of 4148 OTUs were identified, which followed the order 15°C > 5°C > pre-incubated. Incubation temperature, soil layer and their interaction have significant effects on bacterial alpha diversity (Chao index). Bacterial communities under different temperature were clearly distinguished. Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria accounted for more than 80% of the community abundance at the phylum level. Warming decreased the relative abundance of Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria, while Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria exhibited increasing trend. At family level, the abundance of norank_o__norank_c__AD3 and Ktedonobacteraceae decreased significantly with the increase of temperature, while Micrococcaccac increased. In addition, the amount of SOC mineralization were positively correlated with the relative abundances of most bacterial phyla and SOC content. SOC content was positively correlated with the relative abundance of most bacterial phyla. Results indicate that the SOC content was the primary explanatory variable and driver of microbial regulation for SOC mineralization. Our results provide a new perspective for understanding the microbial mechanisms that accelerates SOC decomposition under warming conditions in the forest-wetland ecotone of permafrost region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Dong
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin, China
| | - Dalong Ma
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin, China
| | - Yufei Wu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin, China
| | - Haoran Man
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangwen Wu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin, China
| | - Miao Li
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin, China
| | - Shuying Zang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Safety, Harbin, China
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21
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Gong Y, Wu J. Vegetation composition modulates the interaction of climate warming and elevated nitrogen deposition on nitrous oxide flux in a boreal peatland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5588-5598. [PMID: 34437735 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Northern peatlands with large organic nitrogen (N) storage have the potential to be N2 O hotspots under climate warming, elevated N deposition, and vegetation composition change caused by climate change. However, the interactions of these three factors and the primary controls on N2 O fluxes in peatlands are not well-known. Here, the three factors were manipulated in a boreal bog in western Newfoundland, Canada for 5 years. We found that warming mitigated the positive N effect on N2 O fluxes in the mid-growing season under intact vegetation owing to the increase of available N uptake by vegetation and less N for N2 O production. In contrast, warming strengthened the N effect on N2 O fluxes in the early growing season under the absence of graminoids or shrubs, which could be attributed to the increase of available carbon and nitrogen for N2 O production. It should be noted that these effects were not observed under the condition of low carbon availability. In addition, gross primary production was found as a critical control on N2 O fluxes under N addition. Our findings emphasize that the interaction of abiotic (warming and elevated nitrogen deposition) and biotic factors (vegetation composition change) on N2 O fluxes should be taken into account in order to project N2 O fluxes in peatland ecosystems accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland, Canada
- Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Jianghua Wu
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland, Canada
- Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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22
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Salimi S, Berggren M, Scholz M. Response of the peatland carbon dioxide sink function to future climate change scenarios and water level management. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5154-5168. [PMID: 34157201 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stress factors such as climate change and drought may switch the role of temperate peatlands from carbon dioxide (CO2 ) sinks to sources, leading to positive feedback to global climate change. Water level management has been regarded as an important climate change mitigation strategy as it can sustain the natural net CO2 sink function of a peatland. Little is known about how resilient peatlands are in the face of future climate change scenarios, as well as how effectively water level management can sustain the CO2 sink function to mitigate global warming. The authors assess the effect of climate change on CO2 exchange of south Swedish temperate peatlands, which were either unmanaged or subject to water level regulation. Climate chamber simulations were conducted using experimental peatland mesocosms exposed to current and future representative concentration pathway (RCP) climate scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5). The results showed that all managed and unmanaged systems under future climate scenarios could serve as CO2 sinks throughout the experimental period. However, the 2018 extreme drought caused the unmanaged mesocosms under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 switch from a net CO2 sink to a source during summer. Surprisingly, the unmanaged mesocosms under RCP 2.6 benefited from the warmer climate, and served as the best sink among the other unmanaged systems. Water level management had the greatest effect on the CO2 sink function under RCP 8.5 and RCP 4.5, which improved their CO2 sink capability up to six and two times, respectively. Under the current climate scenario, water level management had a negative effect on the CO2 sink function, and it had almost no effect under RCP 2.6. Therefore, the researchers conclude that water level management is necessary for RCP 8.5, beneficial for RCP 4.5 and unimportant for RCP 2.6 and the current climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Salimi
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Berggren
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Town Planning, Engineering Networks and Systems, South Ural State University (National Research University), Chelyabinsk, The Russian Federation
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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23
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Wu D, Zhao C, Bai H, Feng F, Sui X, Sun G. Characteristics and metabolic patterns of soil methanogenic archaea communities in the high-latitude natural forested wetlands of China. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10396-10408. [PMID: 34367583 PMCID: PMC8328403 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil methanogenic microorganisms are one of the primary methane-producing microbes in wetlands. However, we still poorly understand the community characteristic and metabolic patterns of these microorganisms according to vegetation type and seasonal changes. Therefore, to better elucidate the effects of the vegetation type and seasonal factors on the methanogenic community structure and metabolic patterns, we detected the characteristics of the soil methanogenic mcrA gene from three types of natural wetlands in different seasons in the Xiaoxing'an Mountain region, China. The results indicated that the distribution of Methanobacteriaceae (hydrogenotrophic methanogens) was higher in winter, while Methanosarcinaceae and Methanosaetaceae accounted for a higher proportion in summer. Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the dominant trophic pattern in each wetland. The results of principal coordinate analysis and cluster analysis showed that the vegetation type considerably influenced the methanogenic community composition. The methanogenic community structure in the Betula platyphylla-Larix gmelinii wetland was relatively different from the structure of the other two wetland types. Indicator species analysis further demonstrated that the corresponding species of indicator operational taxonomic units from the Alnus sibirica wetland and the Betula ovalifolia wetland were similar. Network analysis showed that cooperative and competitive relationships exist both within and between the same or different trophic methanogens. The core methanogens with higher abundance in each wetland were conducive to the adaptation to environmental disturbances. This information is crucial for the assessment of metabolic patterns of soil methanogenic archaea and future fluxes in the wetlands of the Xiaoxing'an Mountain region given their vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Saline‐Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University)Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Caihong Zhao
- College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Hui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Fast‐Growing Tree Cultivating of Heilongjiang ProvinceForestry Science Research Institute of Heilongjiang ProvinceHarbinChina
| | - Fujuan Feng
- College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xin Sui
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold RegionSchool of Life SciencesHeilongjiang UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Guangyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline‐Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University)Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- College of Life ScienceNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
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24
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Li L, Zheng Z, Biederman JA, Qian R, Ran Q, Zhang B, Xu C, Wang F, Zhou S, Che R, Dong J, Xu Z, Cui X, Hao Y, Wang Y. Drought and heat wave impacts on grassland carbon cycling across hierarchical levels. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2402-2413. [PMID: 32275067 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Droughts and heat waves are increasing in magnitude and frequency, altering the carbon cycle. However, understanding of the underlying response mechanisms remains poor, especially for the combination (hot drought). We conducted a 4-year field experiment to examine both individual and interactive effects of drought and heat wave on carbon cycling of a semiarid grassland across individual, functional group, community and ecosystem levels. Drought did not change below-ground biomass (BGB) or above-ground biomass (AGB) due to compensation effects between grass and non-grass functional groups. However, consistently decreased BGB under heat waves limited such compensation effects, resulting in reduced AGB. Ecosystem CO2 fluxes were suppressed by droughts, attributed to stomatal closure-induced reductions in leaf photosynthesis and decreased AGB of grasses, while CO2 fluxes were little affected by heat waves. Overall the hot drought produced the lowest leaf photosynthesis, AGB and ecosystem CO2 fluxes although the interactions between heat wave and drought were usually not significant. Our results highlight that the functional group compensatory effects that maintain community-level AGB rely on feedback of root system responses, and that plant adjustments at the individual level, together with shifts in composition at the functional group level, co-regulate ecosystem carbon sink strength under climate extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zhenzhen Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Joel A Biederman
- Southwest Watershed Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ruyan Qian
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinwei Ran
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shutong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxiao Che
- Institude of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junfu Dong
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiaoyong Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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25
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Zhang D, Peng Y, Li F, Yang G, Wang J, Yu J, Zhou G, Yang Y. Changes in above‐/below‐ground biodiversity and plant functional composition mediate soil respiration response to nitrogen input. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dianye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yunfeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Guibiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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26
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Ritson JP, Alderson DM, Robinson CH, Burkitt AE, Heinemeyer A, Stimson AG, Gallego-Sala A, Harris A, Quillet A, Malik AA, Cole B, Robroek BJM, Heppell CM, Rivett DW, Chandler DM, Elliott DR, Shuttleworth EL, Lilleskov E, Cox F, Clay GD, Diack I, Rowson J, Pratscher J, Lloyd JR, Walker JS, Belyea LR, Dumont MG, Longden M, Bell NGA, Artz RRE, Bardgett RD, Griffiths RI, Andersen R, Chadburn SE, Hutchinson SM, Page SE, Thom T, Burn W, Evans MG. Towards a microbial process-based understanding of the resilience of peatland ecosystem service provisioning - A research agenda. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143467. [PMID: 33199011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are wetland ecosystems with great significance as natural habitats and as major global carbon stores. They have been subject to widespread exploitation and degradation with resulting losses in characteristic biota and ecosystem functions such as climate regulation. More recently, large-scale programmes have been established to restore peatland ecosystems and the various services they provide to society. Despite significant progress in peatland science and restoration practice, we lack a process-based understanding of how soil microbiota influence peatland functioning and mediate the resilience and recovery of ecosystem services, to perturbations associated with land use and climate change. We argue that there is a need to: in the short-term, characterise peatland microbial communities across a range of spatial and temporal scales and develop an improved understanding of the links between peatland habitat, ecological functions and microbial processes; in the medium term, define what a successfully restored 'target' peatland microbiome looks like for key carbon cycle related ecosystem services and develop microbial-based monitoring tools for assessing restoration needs; and in the longer term, to use this knowledge to influence restoration practices and assess progress on the trajectory towards 'intact' peatland status. Rapid advances in genetic characterisation of the structure and functions of microbial communities offer the potential for transformative progress in these areas, but the scale and speed of methodological and conceptual advances in studying ecosystem functions is a challenge for peatland scientists. Advances in this area require multidisciplinary collaborations between peatland scientists, data scientists and microbiologists and ultimately, collaboration with the modelling community. Developing a process-based understanding of the resilience and recovery of peatlands to perturbations, such as climate extremes, fires, and drainage, will be key to meeting climate targets and delivering ecosystem services cost effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Ritson
- School of Environment Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Danielle M Alderson
- School of Environment Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Clare H Robinson
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Andreas Heinemeyer
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Department of Environment & Geography, York YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Andrew G Stimson
- North Pennines AONB Partnership, Weardale Business Centre, The Old Co-op building, 1 Martin Street, Stanhope, County Durham DL13 2UY, UK
| | - Angela Gallego-Sala
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Laver, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Angela Harris
- Department of Geography, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Anne Quillet
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Ashish A Malik
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Beth Cole
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Bjorn J M Robroek
- Dept. of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetlands Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine M Heppell
- School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Damian W Rivett
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Dave M Chandler
- Moors for the Future Partnership, The Moorland Centre, Fieldhead, Edale, Derbyshire S33 7ZA, UK
| | - David R Elliott
- Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
| | - Emma L Shuttleworth
- School of Environment Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Erik Lilleskov
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Filipa Cox
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Gareth D Clay
- School of Environment Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Iain Diack
- Natural England, Parkside Court, Hall Park Way, Telford, Shropshire TF3 4LR, UK
| | - James Rowson
- Department of Geography and Geology, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk Lancs L39 4QP, UK
| | - Jennifer Pratscher
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Lisa R Belyea
- School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Marc G Dumont
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mike Longden
- Lancashire Wildlife Trust, 499-511 Bury new road, Bolton Bl2 6DH, UK
| | - Nicholle G A Bell
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH93FJ, UK
| | - Rebekka R E Artz
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK
| | - Richard D Bardgett
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - Roxane Andersen
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle St., Thurso KW14 7JD, UK
| | - Sarah E Chadburn
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4PY, UK
| | - Simon M Hutchinson
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Susan E Page
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Tim Thom
- Yorkshire Peat Partnership, Yorkshire Wildlife Trust, Unit 23, Skipton Auction Mart, Gargrave Road, Skipton, North Yorkshire BD23 1UD, UK
| | - William Burn
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Department of Environment & Geography, York YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Martin G Evans
- School of Environment Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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27
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Warming Increases Nitrous Oxide Emission from the Littoral Zone of Lake Poyang, China. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12145674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Littoral wetlands are globally important for sustainable development; however, they have recently been identified as critical hotspots of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. N2O flux from subtropical littoral wetlands remains unclear, especially under the current global warming environment. In the littoral zone of Lake Poyang, a simulated warming experiment was conducted to investigate N2O flux. Open-top chambers were used to raise temperature, and the static chamber-gas chromatograph method was used to measure N2O flux. Results showed that the littoral zone of Lake Poyang was an N2O source, with an average flux rate of 8.9 μg N2O m−2 h−1. Warming significantly increased N2O emission (13.8 μg N2O m−2 h−1 under warming treatment) by 54% compared to the control treatment. N2O flux in the spring growing season was also significantly higher than that of the autumn growing season. In addition, temperature was not significantly related to N2O flux, while soil moisture only explained about 7% of N2O variation. These results imply that N2O emission experiences positive feedback effect on the ongoing warming of the climate, and abiotic factors (e.g., soil temperature and soil moisture) were not main controls on N2O variation in this littoral wetland.
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28
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Briones MJI, Carrera N, Huang J, Barreal ME, Schmelz RM, Garnett MH. Substrate quality and not dominant plant community determines the vertical distribution and C assimilation of enchytraeids in peatlands. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noela Carrera
- Departamento de Ecología e Biología Animal Facultad de Biología Universidad de Vigo Vigo Spain
| | - Jinhua Huang
- China Academic Journal (CD) Electronic Journals Publishing House Co., Ltd. Beijing China
| | - Maria Esther Barreal
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ciencias del Suelo Universidad de Vigo Vigo Spain
| | - Rüdiger Maria Schmelz
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas Universidad de A Coruña A Coruña Spain
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29
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Graminoid Removal Reduces the Increase in N2O Fluxes Due to Nitrogen Fertilization in a Boreal Peatland. Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Zhang H, Väliranta M, Piilo S, Amesbury MJ, Aquino-López MA, Roland TP, Salminen-Paatero S, Paatero J, Lohila A, Tuittila ES. Decreased carbon accumulation feedback driven by climate-induced drying of two southern boreal bogs over recent centuries. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2435-2448. [PMID: 31961026 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Northern boreal peatlands are important ecosystems in modulating global biogeochemical cycles, yet their biological communities and related carbon dynamics are highly sensitive to changes in climate. Despite this, the strength and recent direction of these feedbacks are still unclear. The response of boreal peatlands to climate warming has received relatively little attention compared with other northern peatland types, despite forming a large northern hemisphere-wide ecosystem. Here, we studied the response of two ombrotrophic boreal peatlands to climate variability over the last c. 200 years for which local meteorological data are available. We used remains from plants and testate amoebae to study historical changes in peatland biological communities. These data were supplemented by peat property (bulk density, carbon and nitrogen content), 14 C, 210 Pb and 137 Cs analyses and were used to infer changes in peatland hydrology and carbon dynamics. In total, six peat cores, three per study site, were studied that represent different microhabitats: low hummock (LH), high lawn and low lawn. The data show a consistent drying trend over recent centuries, represented mainly as a change from wet habitat Sphagnum spp. to dry habitat S. fuscum. Summer temperature and precipitation appeared to be important drivers shaping peatland community and surface moisture conditions. Data from the driest microhabitat studied, LH, revealed a clear and strong negative linear correlation (R2 = .5031; p < .001) between carbon accumulation rate and peat surface moisture conditions: under dry conditions, less carbon was accumulated. This suggests that at the dry end of the moisture gradient, availability of water regulates carbon accumulation. It can be further linked to the decreased abundance of mixotrophic testate amoebae under drier conditions (R2 = .4207; p < .001). Our study implies that if effective precipitation decreases in the future, the carbon uptake capacity of boreal bogs may be threatened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Väliranta
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Piilo
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthew J Amesbury
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Thomas P Roland
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Annalea Lohila
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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Creevy AL, Payne RJ, Andersen R, Rowson JG. Annual gaseous carbon budgets of forest-to-bog restoration sites are strongly determined by vegetation composition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135863. [PMID: 31972925 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Large areas of naturally open peatland in western Europe were drained and planted with non-native conifers in the twentieth century. Efforts are currently underway to restore many of these sites. Ultimately, forest-to-bog restoration aims to bring back functional peatlands that can sequester carbon but there is a lack of empirical evidence for whether current approaches are effective. Using a chronosequence design, we compared the annual gaseous carbon balance of two forest-to-bog restoration areas with an open area not subject to afforestation. A closed chamber method was used to determine gas fluxes (Net Ecosystem Respiration, Gross Primary Productivity, Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and methane (CH4)) over a twelve-month period for locations spanning the range of peatland microtopography and vegetation communities. Relationships between gas fluxes, vegetation/cover and environmental factors were analysed and regression models used to estimate annual CO2 and CH4 budgets. During the study period, NEE estimates (total gaseous C expressed as CO2-eq) showed a net sink for the unafforested (-102 g C m-2 yr-1) and oldest (-131 g C m-2 yr-1) restoration area (17 years post-restoration 'RES 17 YRS'), whilst the youngest restoration area (6 years post-restoration 'RES 6YRS'), was a net source (35 g C m-2 yr-1). We observed significantly higher CH4 emissions from restoration areas dominated by Eriophorum angustifolium compared with other peatland vegetation types. Sampling points with higher cover of Sphagnum were found to be most effective for C sequestration. Overall, vegetation composition/cover was observed to be an important factor determining C emissions from forest-to-bog restoration areas. These results suggest that restoration is effective in returning the carbon sink function of peatlands damaged by commercial forestry and - depending on restoration techniques - timescales of >10 years may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Creevy
- Edge Hill University, Geography Department, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK.
| | - Richard J Payne
- University of York, Environment Department, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Roxane Andersen
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso KW14 7JD, UK
| | - James G Rowson
- Edge Hill University, Geography Department, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK
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Li L, Zheng Z, Wang W, Biederman JA, Xu X, Ran Q, Qian R, Xu C, Zhang B, Wang F, Zhou S, Cui L, Che R, Hao Y, Cui X, Xu Z, Wang Y. Terrestrial N 2 O emissions and related functional genes under climate change: A global meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:931-943. [PMID: 31554024 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions from soil contribute to global warming and are in turn substantially affected by climate change. However, climate change impacts on N2 O production across terrestrial ecosystems remain poorly understood. Here, we synthesized 46 published studies of N2 O fluxes and relevant soil functional genes (SFGs, that is, archaeal amoA, bacterial amoA, nosZ, narG, nirK and nirS) to assess their responses to increased temperature, increased or decreased precipitation amounts, and prolonged drought (no change in total precipitation but increase in precipitation intervals) in terrestrial ecosystem (i.e. grasslands, forests, shrublands, tundra and croplands). Across the data set, temperature increased N2 O emissions by 33%. However, the effects were highly variable across biomes, with strongest temperature responses in shrublands, variable responses in forests and negative responses in tundra. The warming methods employed also influenced the effects of temperature on N2 O emissions (most effectively induced by open-top chambers). Whole-day or whole-year warming treatment significantly enhanced N2 O emissions, but daytime, nighttime or short-season warming did not have significant effects. Regardless of biome, treatment method and season, increased precipitation promoted N2 O emission by an average of 55%, while decreased precipitation suppressed N2 O emission by 31%, predominantly driven by changes in soil moisture. The effect size of precipitation changes on nirS and nosZ showed a U-shape relationship with soil moisture; further insight into biotic mechanisms underlying N2 O emission response to climate change remain limited by data availability, underlying a need for studies that report SFG. Our findings indicate that climate change substantially affects N2 O emission and highlights the urgent need to incorporate this strong feedback into most climate models for convincing projection of future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Zhenzhen Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weijin Wang
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Joel A Biederman
- Southwest Watershed Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xingliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Qinwei Ran
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyan Qian
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Shutong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhen Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxiao Che
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanbin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Yanfen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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Iqbal A, Shang Z, Rehman MLU, Ju M, Rehman MMU, Rafiq MK, Ayub N, Bai Y. Pattern of microbial community composition and functional gene repertoire associated with methane emission from Zoige wetlands, China-A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133675. [PMID: 31756831 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Hindu-Kush Himalaya region extends over 4 million km2 across the eight countries. Knowingly, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is considered the principal altitudinal permafrost constituent on earth and is deemed as the third 'pole'. Among which, the Zoige wetlands are located in the northeastern boundary of QTP, wrapping a total area of 6180 km2 with an average altitude of 3500 m. This entire region is the hotspot for methane emission since the last decade. Given the importance of methane emission, many studies have focused on the effect of environmental fluctuations on the overall methane profile and, more recently on the methanogenic community structure. The current review summarizes recent advancements of the methanogenic community and methane profile and outlines a framework for better understanding of the microbial ecology of the Zoige wetlands, China. Moreover, as microorganisms are indispensable to biogeochemical cycles, especially for methane, they are believed to be the best indicators to identify the condition of wetlands. Hence, we suggest that, underpinning the microbial profile could help understand the status of a wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Iqbal
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zhanhuan Shang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Mian Laiq Ur Rehman
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Meiting Ju
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Muhammad Maqsood Ur Rehman
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Muhammad Khalid Rafiq
- Rangeland Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Building, Edinburgh EH93FF, United Kingdom
| | - Nasir Ayub
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yanfu Bai
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Liu F, Zhang Y, Liang H, Gao D. Long-term harvesting of reeds affects greenhouse gas emissions and microbial functional genes in alkaline wetlands. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 164:114936. [PMID: 31382148 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reed (Phragmites australis) is dominant vegetation in alkaline wetlands that is harvested annually due to its economic value. To reveal the effects of harvesting reeds on the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), the annual soil physicochemical characteristics and flux of GHGs in a reed wetland without harvesting (NHRW) and with harvesting (HRW) were measured. The results showed that after the harvesting of reeds, the total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) significantly decreased, and soil temperature significantly increased. The annual cumulative N2O emissions decreased from 0.73 ± 0.20 kg ha-1 to -0.57 ± 0.49 kg ha-1 with the harvesting of reeds. The annual cumulative CH4 emissions also decreased from 561.88 ± 18.61 kg ha-1 to 183.13 ± 18.77 kg ha-1 with the harvesting of reeds. However, harvesting of reeds had only a limited influence on the annual cumulative CO2 emissions. A Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the CO2 and N2O emissions were more sensitive to temperature than the CH4 emissions. Both structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis and slurry incubation confirmed that higher temperatures offset the reduction of CO2 emissions after reed harvesting. Metagenomics showed that the abundance of functional genes involved in both GHG sink and source decreased with reed harvesting. This study presents a comprehensive view of reed harvesting on GHG emissions in alkaline wetlands, yielding new insight into the microbial response and offering a novel perspective on the potential impacts of wetland management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Liang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Dawen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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35
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Norby RJ, Childs J, Hanson PJ, Warren JM. Rapid loss of an ecosystem engineer: Sphagnum decline in an experimentally warmed bog. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:12571-12585. [PMID: 31788198 PMCID: PMC6875578 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphagnum mosses are keystone components of peatland ecosystems. They facilitate the accumulation of carbon in peat deposits, but climate change is predicted to expose peatland ecosystem to sustained and unprecedented warming leading to a significant release of carbon to the atmosphere. Sphagnum responses to climate change, and their interaction with other components of the ecosystem, will determine the future trajectory of carbon fluxes in peatlands. We measured the growth and productivity of Sphagnum in an ombrotrophic bog in northern Minnesota, where ten 12.8-m-diameter plots were exposed to a range of whole-ecosystem (air and soil) warming treatments (+0 to +9°C) in ambient or elevated (+500 ppm) CO2. The experiment is unique in its spatial and temporal scale, a focus on response surface analysis encompassing the range of elevated temperature predicted to occur this century, and consideration of an effect of co-occurring CO2 altering the temperature response surface. In the second year of warming, dry matter increment of Sphagnum increased with modest warming to a maximum at 5°C above ambient and decreased with additional warming. Sphagnum cover declined from close to 100% of the ground area to <50% in the warmest enclosures. After three years of warming, annual Sphagnum productivity declined linearly with increasing temperature (13-29 g C/m2 per °C warming) due to widespread desiccation and loss of Sphagnum. Productivity was less in elevated CO2 enclosures, which we attribute to increased shading by shrubs. Sphagnum desiccation and growth responses were associated with the effects of warming on hydrology. The rapid decline of the Sphagnum community with sustained warming, which appears to be irreversible, can be expected to have many follow-on consequences to the structure and function of this and similar ecosystems, with significant feedbacks to the global carbon cycle and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Norby
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Joanne Childs
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Paul J. Hanson
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Jeffrey M. Warren
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
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36
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Canini F, Zucconi L, Pacelli C, Selbmann L, Onofri S, Geml J. Vegetation, pH and Water Content as Main Factors for Shaping Fungal Richness, Community Composition and Functional Guilds Distribution in Soils of Western Greenland. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2348. [PMID: 31681213 PMCID: PMC6797927 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are the most abundant and one of the most diverse components of arctic soil ecosystems, where they are fundamental drivers of plant nutrient acquisition and recycling. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the factors driving the diversity and functionality of fungal communities associated with these ecosystems, especially in the scope of global warming that is particularly affecting Greenland and is leading to shrub expansion, with expected profound changes of soil microbial communities. We used soil DNA metabarcoding to compare taxonomic and functional composition of fungal communities in three habitats [bare ground (BG), biological soil crusts (BSC), and vascular vegetation (VV) coverage] in Western Greenland. Fungal richness increased with the increasing complexity of the coverage, but BGs and BSCs samples showed the highest number of unique OTUs. Differences in both fungal community composition and distribution of functional guilds identified were correlated with edaphic factors (mainly pH and water content), in turn connected with the different type of coverage. These results suggest also possible losses of diversity connected to the expansion of VV and possible interactions among the members of different functional guilds, likely due to the nutrient limitation, with potential effects on elements recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Canini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Laura Zucconi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Claudia Pacelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Laura Selbmann
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- Section of Mycology, Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA), Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvano Onofri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - József Geml
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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37
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Characterizing Boreal Peatland Plant Composition and Species Diversity with Hyperspectral Remote Sensing. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11141685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peatlands, which account for approximately 15% of land surface across the arctic and boreal regions of the globe, are experiencing a range of ecological impacts as a result of climate change. Factors that include altered hydrology resulting from drought and permafrost thaw, rising temperatures, and elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide have been shown to cause plant community compositional changes. Shifts in plant composition affect the productivity, species diversity, and carbon cycling of peatlands. We used hyperspectral remote sensing to characterize the response of boreal peatland plant composition and species diversity to warming, hydrologic change, and elevated CO2. Hyperspectral remote sensing techniques offer the ability to complete landscape-scale analyses of ecological responses to climate disturbance when paired with plot-level measurements that link ecosystem biophysical properties with spectral reflectance signatures. Working within two large ecosystem manipulation experiments, we examined climate controls on composition and diversity in two types of common boreal peatlands: a nutrient rich fen located at the Alaska Peatland Experiment (APEX) in central Alaska, and an ombrotrophic bog located in northern Minnesota at the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experiment. We found a strong effect of plant functional cover on spectral reflectance characteristics. We also found a positive relationship between species diversity and spectral variation at the APEX field site, which is consistent with other recently published findings. Based on the results of our field study, we performed a supervised land cover classification analysis on an aerial hyperspectral dataset to map peatland plant functional types (PFTs) across an area encompassing a range of different plant communities. Our results underscore recent advances in the application of remote sensing measurements to ecological research, particularly in far northern ecosystems.
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38
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Laine AM, Mäkiranta P, Laiho R, Mehtätalo L, Penttilä T, Korrensalo A, Minkkinen K, Fritze H, Tuittila ES. Warming impacts on boreal fen CO 2 exchange under wet and dry conditions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1995-2008. [PMID: 30854735 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Northern peatlands form a major soil carbon (C) stock. With climate change, peatland C mineralization is expected to increase, which in turn would accelerate climate change. A particularity of peatlands is the importance of soil aeration, which regulates peatland functioning and likely modulates the responses to warming climate. Our aim is to assess the impacts of warming on a southern boreal and a sub-arctic sedge fen carbon dioxide (CO2 ) exchange under two plausible water table regimes: wet and moderately dry. We focused this study on minerotrophic treeless sedge fens, as they are common peatland types at boreal and (sub)arctic areas, which are expected to face the highest rates of climate warming. In addition, fens are expected to respond to environmental changes faster than the nutrient poor bogs. Our study confirmed that CO2 exchange is more strongly affected by drying than warming. Experimental water level draw-down (WLD) significantly increased gross photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration. Warming alone had insignificant impacts on the CO2 exchange components, but when combined with WLD it further increased ecosystem respiration. In the southern fen, CO2 uptake decreased due to WLD, which was amplified by warming, while at northern fen it remained stable. As a conclusion, our results suggest that a very small difference in the WLD may be decisive, whether the C sink of a fen decreases, or whether the system is able to adapt within its regime and maintain its functions. Moreover, the water table has a role in determining how much the increased temperature impacts the CO2 exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Laine
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | | | - Raija Laiho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Mehtätalo
- School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Timo Penttilä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Korrensalo
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kari Minkkinen
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Fritze
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
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39
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Cole AJ, Griffiths RI, Ward SE, Whitaker J, Ostle NJ, Bardgett RD. Grassland biodiversity restoration increases resistance of carbon fluxes to drought. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Cole
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | | | - Susan E. Ward
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Jeanette Whitaker
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UK
| | | | - Richard D. Bardgett
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK
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40
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Gong Y, Wu J, Vogt J, Le TB. Warming reduces the increase in N 2O emission under nitrogen fertilization in a boreal peatland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:72-78. [PMID: 30743132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are known as N2O sinks or low N2O sources due to nitrogen (N) limitation. However, climate warming and N deposition can modulate this limitation, and little is known about the combinative effects of them on N2O emission from boreal peatlands. In this study, experimental warming and N fertilization treatments were conducted at a boreal peatland in western Newfoundland, Canada. Contrary to previous studies on permafrost peatland and alpine meadows, the effect of warming treatment on N2O flux was not detectable during the growing seasons of 2015 and 2016. The N fertilization treatment significantly increased the N2O flux by 1.61 nmol m-2 s-1 due to increased N availability. Noticeably, warming reduced the effect of N fertilization treatment on N2O flux with high significance in the middle growing season of 2015. This can be attributed to low N availability caused by stimulated vegetation growth in the warming treatment. In addition, the results showed that total nitrogen was the main control on N2O emission under N fertilization, while dissolved organic carbon was the main driver under the combined treatment of warming and N fertilization. Due to elevated N2O emissions under N deposition/fertilization, the contribution of N2O to global warming and ozone depletion should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Jianghua Wu
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| | - Judith Vogt
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Thuong Ba Le
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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41
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Luan J, Wu J, Liu S, Roulet N, Wang M. Soil nitrogen determines greenhouse gas emissions from northern peatlands under concurrent warming and vegetation shifting. Commun Biol 2019; 2:132. [PMID: 31016247 PMCID: PMC6472372 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Boreal peatlands store an enormous pool of soil carbon that is dependent upon - and vulnerable to changes in - climate, as well as plant community composition. However, how nutrient availability affects the effects of climate and vegetation change on ecosystem processes in these nutrient-poor ecosystems remains unclear. Here we show that although warming promoted higher CH4 emissions, the concurrent addition of N counteracted most (79%) of this effect. The regulation effects of the vegetation functional group, associated with the substrate quality, suggest that CH4 emissions from peatlands under future warming will be less than expected with predicted shrub expansion. In contrast, N2O flux will be enhanced under future warming with predicted shrub expansion. Our study suggests that changes in greenhouse gas emissions in response to future warming and shifts in plant community composition depend on N availability, which reveals the complex interactions that occur when N is not a limiting nutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Luan
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, 100102 Beijing, PR China
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4 Canada
| | - Jianghua Wu
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4 Canada
| | - Shirong Liu
- The Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091 Beijing, PR China
| | - Nigel Roulet
- Department of Geography and School of the Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6 Canada
| | - Mei Wang
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4 Canada
- School of Geographical Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, PR China
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42
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Leroy F, Gogo S, Guimbaud C, Francez AJ, Zocatelli R, Défarge C, Bernard-Jannin L, Hu Z, Laggoun-Défarge F. Response of C and N cycles to N fertilization in Sphagnum and Molinia-dominated peat mesocosms. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 77:264-272. [PMID: 30573090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant communities play an important role in the C-sink function of peatlands. However, global change and local perturbations are expected to modify peatland plant communities, leading to a shift from Sphagnum mosses to vascular plants. Most studies have focused on the direct effects of modification in plant communities or of global change (such as climate warming, N fertilization) in peatlands without considering interactions between these disturbances that may alter peatlands' C function. We set up a mesocosm experiment to investigate how Greenhouse Gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) fluxes, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved N (TN) contents are affected by a shift from Sphagnum mosses to Molinia caerulea dominated peatlands combined with N fertilization. Increasing N deposition did not alter the C fluxes (CO2 exchanges, CH4 emissions) or DOC content. The lack of N effect on the C cycle seems due to the capacity of Sphagnum to efficiently immobilize N. Nevertheless, N supply increased the N2O emissions, which were also controlled by the plant communities with the presence of Molinia caerulea reducing N2O emissions in the Sphagnum mesocosms. Our study highlights the role of the vegetation composition on the C and N fluxes in peatlands and their responses to the N deposition. Future research should now consider the climate change in interaction to plants community modifications due to their controls of peatland sensitivity to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Leroy
- University of Orleans, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071, Orleans, France; CNRS, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071 Orleans, France; BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, BP 36009, 45060 Orleans, France.
| | - Sébastien Gogo
- University of Orleans, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071, Orleans, France; CNRS, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071 Orleans, France; BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, BP 36009, 45060 Orleans, France
| | - Christophe Guimbaud
- University of Orleans, LPC2E, UMR 7328, 45071 Orleans, France; CNRS, LPC2E, UMR 7328, 45071 Orleans, France
| | | | - Renata Zocatelli
- University of Orleans, Cellule R&D CETRAHE, 45072, Orleans cedex 2, France
| | - Christian Défarge
- University of Orleans, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071, Orleans, France; CNRS, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071 Orleans, France; BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, BP 36009, 45060 Orleans, France; University of Orleans, Cellule R&D CETRAHE, 45072, Orleans cedex 2, France
| | - Léonard Bernard-Jannin
- University of Orleans, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071, Orleans, France; CNRS, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071 Orleans, France; BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, BP 36009, 45060 Orleans, France
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fatima Laggoun-Défarge
- University of Orleans, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071, Orleans, France; CNRS, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071 Orleans, France; BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, BP 36009, 45060 Orleans, France
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Villa JA, Mejía GM, Velásquez D, Botero A, Acosta SA, Marulanda JM, Osorno AM, Bohrer G. Carbon sequestration and methane emissions along a microtopographic gradient in a tropical Andean peatland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 654:651-661. [PMID: 30447603 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tropical alpine peatlands are among the least studied wetlands types on earth. Their important ecosystem services at local and regional scope are currently threatened by climate and land use changes. Recent studies in these ecosystems suggest their importance to the provision of climate regulation services, prompting a better understanding of the underlying functions and their variability at ecosystem scales. The objective of this study is to determine the variability of methane (CH4) fluxes and carbon (C) sequestration within a tropical alpine peatland in three locations along a microtopographic gradient and its associated plant diversity. These locations accounted for: 1) hummocks, found mostly near the edge of the peat with a water table below the soil surface, 2) lawns, in the transition zone, with a water-table near the soil surface, and 3) hollows, permanently flooded with a water table above the soil surface, composed of small patches of open water intermingled with unconsolidated hummocks that surface the water level. Results indicate that CH4 flux is lowest in the lawns, while C sequestration is highest. Conversely, the hummock and hollow have higher CH4 flux and lower C sequestration. In addition, plant diversity in the lawns is higher than in the hummock and hollow location. Dryer conditions brought by current climate change in the northern Andes are expected to lower the water tables in the peatland. This change is expected to drive a change in CH4 flux and C sequestration at the lawns, currently dominating the peatland, towards values more similar to those measured in the hummocks. This decrease may also represent a change towards the lower plant diversity that characterized the hummock. Such changes will reduce the ratio of C sequestration:CH4 flux signifying the reduction of resilience and increment of vulnerability of the climate-regulating service to further perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Villa
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada al Medio Ambiente GAMA, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Carrera 51 no. 118 sur-57, Caldas, Antioquia 055440, Colombia; Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Gloria M Mejía
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada al Medio Ambiente GAMA, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Carrera 51 no. 118 sur-57, Caldas, Antioquia 055440, Colombia
| | - Daniela Velásquez
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada al Medio Ambiente GAMA, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Carrera 51 no. 118 sur-57, Caldas, Antioquia 055440, Colombia
| | - Andrés Botero
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada al Medio Ambiente GAMA, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Carrera 51 no. 118 sur-57, Caldas, Antioquia 055440, Colombia
| | - Sharon A Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada al Medio Ambiente GAMA, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Carrera 51 no. 118 sur-57, Caldas, Antioquia 055440, Colombia
| | - Juliana M Marulanda
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada al Medio Ambiente GAMA, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Carrera 51 no. 118 sur-57, Caldas, Antioquia 055440, Colombia
| | - Ana M Osorno
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada al Medio Ambiente GAMA, Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, Carrera 51 no. 118 sur-57, Caldas, Antioquia 055440, Colombia
| | - Gil Bohrer
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Boreal Forest Floor Greenhouse Gas Emissions Across a Pleurozium schreberi-Dominated, Wildfire-Disturbed Chronosequence. Ecosystems 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-019-00344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Laine AM, Mehtätalo L, Tolvanen A, Frolking S, Tuittila ES. Impacts of drainage, restoration and warming on boreal wetland greenhouse gas fluxes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:169-181. [PMID: 30077847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Northern wetlands with organic soil i.e., mires are significant carbon storages. This key ecosystem service may be threatened by anthropogenic activities and climate change, yet we still lack a consensus on how these major changes affects their carbon sink capacities. We studied how forestry drainage and restoration combined with experimental warming, impacts greenhouse gas fluxes of wetlands with peat. We measured CO2 and CH4 during two and N2O fluxes during one growing season using the chamber method. Gas fluxes were primarily controlled by water table, leaf area and temperature. Land use had a clear impact of on CO2 exchange. Forestry drainage increased respiration rates and decreased field layer net ecosystem CO2 uptake (NEE) and leaf area index (LAI), while at restoration sites the flux rates and LAI had recovered to the level of undrained sites. CH4 emissions were exceptionally low at all sites during our study years due to natural drought, but still somewhat lower at drained compared to undrained sites. Moderate warming triggered an increase in LAI across all land use types. This was accompanied by an increase in cumulative seasonal NEE. Restoration appeared to be an effective tool to return the ecosystem functions of these wetlands as we found no differences in LAI or any gas flux components (PMAX, Reco, NEE, CH4 or N2O) between restored and undrained sites. We did not find any signs that moderate warming would compromise the return of the ecosystem functions related to C sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Laine
- Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - L Mehtätalo
- School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - A Tolvanen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), P.O. Box 413, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - S Frolking
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland; Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824-3525, USA.
| | - E-S Tuittila
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
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46
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Heděnec P, Angel R, Lin Q, Rui J, Li X. Increased methane concentration alters soil prokaryotic community structure along an artificial pH gradient. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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47
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Combination of Warming and Vegetation Composition Change Strengthens the Environmental Controls on N2O Fluxes in a Boreal Peatland. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9120480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Climate warming and vegetation composition change are expected to influence greenhouse gas emissions from boreal peatlands. However, the interactive effects of warming and different vegetation compositions on N2O dynamics are poorly known, although N2O is a very potent greenhouse gas. In this study, manipulated warming and vegetation composition change were conducted in a boreal peatland to investigate the effects on N2O fluxes during the growing seasons in 2015 and 2016. We did not find a significant effect of warming treatment and combination treatments of warming and vegetation composition change on N2O fluxes. However, sedge removal treatment significantly increased N2O emissions by three-fold. Compared with the treatment of shrub and sedge removal, the combined treatment of warming and shrub and sedge removal significantly increased N2O consumption by five-fold. Similar to N2O fluxes, the cumulative N2O flux increased by ~3.5 times under sedge removal treatment, but this effect was not significant. In addition, the results showed that total soil nitrogen was the main control for N2O fluxes under combinative treatments of warming and sedge/shrub removal, while soil temperature and dissolved organic carbon were the main controls for N2O release under warming combined with the removal of all vascular plants. Our results indicate that boreal peatlands have a negligible effect on N2O fluxes in the short-term under climate change, and environmental controls on N2O fluxes become increasingly important under the condition of warming and vegetation composition change.
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48
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Walker TWN, Weckwerth W, Bragazza L, Fragner L, Forde BG, Ostle NJ, Signarbieux C, Sun X, Ward SE, Bardgett RD. Plastic and genetic responses of a common sedge to warming have contrasting effects on carbon cycle processes. Ecol Lett 2018; 22:159-169. [PMID: 30556313 PMCID: PMC6334510 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming affects plant physiology through genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity, but little is known about how these mechanisms influence ecosystem processes. We used three elevation gradients and a reciprocal transplant experiment to show that temperature causes genetic change in the sedge Eriophorum vaginatum. We demonstrate that plants originating from warmer climate produce fewer secondary compounds, grow faster and accelerate carbon dioxide (CO2) release to the atmosphere. However, warmer climate also caused plasticity in E. vaginatum, inhibiting nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis and growth and slowing CO2 release into the atmosphere. Genetic differentiation and plasticity in E. vaginatum thus had opposing effects on CO2 fluxes, suggesting that warming over many generations may buffer, or reverse, the short‐term influence of this species over carbon cycle processes. Our findings demonstrate the capacity for plant evolution to impact ecosystem processes, and reveal a further mechanism through which plants will shape ecosystem responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom W N Walker
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK.,Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, Lancaster, UK
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics & Systems Biology, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Metabolomics Centre (VIME), University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Bragazza
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ecological Systems Laboratory (ECOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Life Science and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lena Fragner
- Department of Ecogenomics & Systems Biology, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Metabolomics Centre (VIME), University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brian G Forde
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, Lancaster, UK
| | - Nicholas J Ostle
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK.,Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, Lancaster, UK
| | - Constant Signarbieux
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ecological Systems Laboratory (ECOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoliang Sun
- Department of Ecogenomics & Systems Biology, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Metabolomics Centre (VIME), University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susan E Ward
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, Lancaster, UK
| | - Richard D Bardgett
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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49
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Qiu Y, Jiang Y, Guo L, Burkey KO, Zobel RW, Shew HD, Hu S. Contrasting Warming and Ozone Effects on Denitrifiers Dominate Soil N 2O Emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10956-10966. [PMID: 30157374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) in the atmosphere is a major greenhouse gas and reacts with volatile organic compounds to create ozone (an air pollutant) in the troposphere. Climate change factors such as warming and elevated ozone (eO3) affect N2O fluxes, but the direction and magnitude of these effects are uncertain and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We examined the impact of simulated warming (control + 3.6 °C) and eO3 (control + 45 ppb) on soil N2O fluxes in a soybean agroecosystem. Results obtained showed that warming significantly increased soil labile C, microbial biomass, and soil N mineralization, but eO3 reduced these parameters. Warming enhanced N2O-producing denitrifers ( nirS- and nirK-type), corresponding to increases in both the rate and sum of N2O emissions. In contrast, eO3 significantly reduced both N2O-producing and N2O-consuming ( nosZ-type) denitrifiers but had no impact on N2O emissions. Further, eO3 offsets the effects of warming on soil labile C, microbial biomass, and the population size of denitrifiers but still increased N2O emissions, indicating a direct effect of temperature on N2O emissions. Together, these findings suggest that warming may promote N2O production through increasing both the abundance and activities of N2O-producing microbes, positively feeding back to the ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Qiu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
- Institute of Applied Ecology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , China
| | - Lijin Guo
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
- College of Plant Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei 430070 , China
| | - Kent O Burkey
- Plant Sciences Research Unit , USDA-ARS , Raleigh , North Carolina 27607 , United States
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Richard W Zobel
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - H David Shew
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
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50
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Eze S, Palmer SM, Chapman PJ. Soil organic carbon stock in grasslands: Effects of inorganic fertilizers, liming and grazing in different climate settings. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 223:74-84. [PMID: 29906675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Grasslands store about 34% of the global terrestrial carbon (C) and are vital for the provision of various ecosystem services such as forage and climate regulation. About 89% of this grassland C is stored in the soil and is affected by management activities but the effects of these management activities on C storage under different climate settings are not known. In this study, we synthesized the effects of fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus) application, liming and grazing regime on the stock of SOC in global grasslands, under different site specific climatic settings using a meta-analysis of 341 datasets. We found an overall significant reduction (-8.5%) in the stock of SOC in global managed grasslands, mainly attributable to grazing (-15.0%), and only partially attenuated by fertilizer addition (+6.7%) and liming (+5.8%), indicating that management to improve biomass production does not contribute sufficient organic matter to replace that lost by direct removal by animals. Management activities had the greatest effect in the tropics (-22.4%) due primarily to heavy grazing, and the least effect in the temperate zone (-4.5%). The negative management effect reduced significantly with increasing mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation in the temperate zone, suggesting that temperate grassland soils are potential C sinks in the face of climate change. For a sustainable management of grasslands that will provide adequate forage for livestock and mitigate climate change through C sequestration, we recommend that future tropical grassland management policies should focus on reducing the intensity of grazing. Also, to verify our findings for temperate grasslands and to better inform land management policy, future research should focus on the impacts of the projected climate change on net greenhouse gas exchange and potential climate feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Eze
- School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
| | - Sheila M Palmer
- School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
| | - Pippa J Chapman
- School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK.
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