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Li S, Li S, Agathokleous E, Hao G, Wang S, Feng Z. Leaf water relations determine the trade-off between ozone resistance and stomatal functionality in urban tree species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3166-3180. [PMID: 38693830 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Urban trees possess different capacities to mitigate ozone (O3) pollution through stomatal uptake. Stomatal closure protects trees from oxidative damage but limits their growth. To date, it is unclear how plant hydraulic function affect stomatal behaviour and determine O3 resistance. We assessed gas exchange and hydraulic traits in three subtropical urban tree species, Celtis sinensis, Quercus acutissima, and Q. nuttallii, under nonfiltered ambient air (NF) and elevated O3 (NF60). NF60 decreased photosynthetic rate (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) only in Q. acutissima and Q. nuttallii. Maintained An in C. sinensis suggested high O3 resistance and was attributed to higher leaf capacitance at the full turgor. However, this species exhibited a reduced stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit and an increased minimal gs under NF60. Such stomatal dysfunction did not decrease intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE) due to a tight coupling of An and gs. Conversely, Q. acutissima and Q. nuttallii showed maintained stomatal sensitivity and increased WUE, primarily correlated with gs and leaf water relations, including relative water content and osmotic potential at turgor loss point. Our findings highlight a trade-off between O3 resistance and stomatal functionality, with efficient stomatal control reducing the risk of hydraulic failure under combined stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyou Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Shenglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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2
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Ziegler C, Cochard H, Stahl C, Foltzer L, Gérard B, Goret JY, Heuret P, Levionnois S, Maillard P, Bonal D, Coste S. Residual water losses mediate the trade-off between growth and drought survival across saplings of 12 tropical rainforest tree species with contrasting hydraulic strategies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4128-4147. [PMID: 38613495 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge of the physiological mechanisms underlying species vulnerability to drought is critical for better understanding patterns of tree mortality. Investigating plant adaptive strategies to drought should thus help to fill this knowledge gap, especially in tropical rainforests exhibiting high functional diversity. In a semi-controlled drought experiment using 12 rainforest tree species, we investigated the diversity in hydraulic strategies and whether they determined the ability of saplings to use stored non-structural carbohydrates during an extreme imposed drought. We further explored the importance of water- and carbon-use strategies in relation to drought survival through a modelling approach. Hydraulic strategies varied considerably across species with a continuum between dehydration tolerance and avoidance. During dehydration leading to hydraulic failure and irrespective of hydraulic strategies, species showed strong declines in whole-plant starch concentrations and maintenance, or even increases in soluble sugar concentrations, potentially favouring osmotic adjustments. Residual water losses mediated the trade-off between time to hydraulic failure and growth, indicating that dehydration avoidance is an effective drought-survival strategy linked to the 'fast-slow' continuum of plant performance at the sapling stage. Further investigations on residual water losses may be key to understanding the response of tropical rainforest tree communities to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ziegler
- UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR SILVA, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Clément Stahl
- UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
| | - Louis Foltzer
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR SILVA, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Bastien Gérard
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR SILVA, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Yves Goret
- UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
| | - Patrick Heuret
- UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
- AMAP, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Levionnois
- UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
- AMAP, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Pascale Maillard
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR SILVA, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Damien Bonal
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR SILVA, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Sabrina Coste
- UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
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Huang C, Huang J, Xiao J, Li X, He HS, Liang Y, Chen F, Tian H. Global convergence in terrestrial gross primary production response to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-023-2475-9. [PMID: 38733513 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) increases with climate warming and may limit plant growth. However, gross primary production (GPP) responses to VPD remain a mystery, offering a significant source of uncertainty in the estimation of global terrestrial ecosystems carbon dynamics. In this study, in-situ measurements, satellite-derived data, and Earth System Models (ESMs) simulations were analysed to show that the GPP of most ecosystems has a similar threshold in response to VPD: first increasing and then declining. When VPD exceeds these thresholds, atmospheric drought stress reduces soil moisture and stomatal conductance, thereby decreasing the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Current ESMs underscore CO2 fertilization effects but predict significant GPP decline in low-latitude ecosystems when VPD exceeds the thresholds. These results emphasize the impacts of climate warming on VPD and propose limitations to future ecosystems productivity caused by increased atmospheric water demand. Incorporating VPD, soil moisture, and canopy conductance interactions into ESMs enhances the prediction of terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jingfeng Huang
- Institute of Applied Remote Sensing & Information Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Systems, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jingfeng Xiao
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Xing Li
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hong S He
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 203 ABNR Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Yu Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
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4
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Waite PA, Kumar M, Link RM, Schuldt B. Coordinated hydraulic traits influence the two phases of time to hydraulic failure in five temperate tree species differing in stomatal stringency. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae038. [PMID: 38606678 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, forests are increasingly exposed to extreme droughts causing tree mortality. Because of the complex nature of the mechanisms involved, various traits have been linked to tree drought responses with contrasting results. This may be due to species-specific strategies in regulating water potential, a process that unfolds in two distinct phases: a first phase until stomatal closure, and a second phase until reaching lethal xylem hydraulic thresholds. We conducted dry-down experiments with five broadleaved temperate tree species differing in their degree of isohydry to estimate the time to stomatal closure (tsc) and subsequent time to critical hydraulic failure (tcrit). We measured various traits linked to tree drought responses, such as the water potentials at turgor loss point (Ptlp), stomatal closure (Pgs90), and 12%, 50% and 88% loss of xylem hydraulic conductance (P12, P50, P88), hydraulic capacitance (C), minimum leaf conductance (gmin), hydroscape area (HSA) and hydraulic safety margins (HSM). We found that Pgs90 followed previously recorded patterns of isohydry and was associated with HSA. Species ranked from more to less isohydric in the sequence Acer pseudoplatanus < Betula pendula < Tilia cordata < Sorbus aucuparia < Fagus sylvatica. Their degree of isohydry was associated with leaf safety (Ptlp and gmin), drought avoidance (C) and tsc, but decoupled from xylem safety (HSM and P88) and tcrit. Regardless of their stomatal stringency, species with wider HSM and lower P88 reached critical hydraulic failure later. We conclude that the duration of the first phase is determined by stomatal regulation, while the duration of the second phase is associated with xylem safety. Isohydry is thus linked to water use rather than to drought survival strategies, confirming the proposed use of HSA as a complement to HSM for describing plant drought responses before and after stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-André Waite
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
- Forest Botany, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Straße 7, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Manish Kumar
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
- ICAR - Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI), Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Roman M Link
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
- Forest Botany, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Straße 7, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
- Forest Botany, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Straße 7, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
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5
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Vurro F, Manfrini L, Boini A, Bettelli M, Buono V, Caselli S, Gioli B, Zappettini A, Palermo N, Janni M. Kiwi 4.0: In Vivo Real-Time Monitoring to Improve Water Use Efficiency in Yellow Flesh Actinidia chinensis. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:226. [PMID: 38785700 PMCID: PMC11117891 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This manuscript reports the application of sensors for water use efficiency with a focus on the application of an in vivo OECT biosensor. In two distinct experimental trials, the in vivo sensor bioristor was applied in yellow kiwi plants to monitor, in real-time and continuously, the changes in the composition and concentration of the plant sap in an open field during plant growth and development. The bioristor response and physiological data, together with other fruit sensor monitoring data, were acquired and combined in both trials, giving a complete picture of the biosphere conditions. A high correlation was observed between the bioristor index (ΔIgs), the canopy cover expressed as the fraction of intercepted PAR (fi_PAR), and the soil water content (SWC). In addition, the bioristor was confirmed to be a good proxy for the occurrence of drought in kiwi plants; in fact, a period of drought stress was identified within the month of July. A novelty of the bioristor measurements was their ability to detect in advance the occurrence of defoliation, thereby reducing yield and quality losses. A plant-based irrigation protocol can be achieved and tailored based on real plant needs, increasing water use sustainability and preserving high-quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Vurro
- Istituto dei Materiali per L’Elettronica e il Magnetismo (IMEM-CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.V.); (M.B.); (A.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Luigi Manfrini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (L.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexandra Boini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (L.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Manuele Bettelli
- Istituto dei Materiali per L’Elettronica e il Magnetismo (IMEM-CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.V.); (M.B.); (A.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Vito Buono
- Sysman Projects & Services Ltd., 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Stefano Caselli
- CIDEA-UNIPR—Center for Energy and Environment, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 95, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Beniamino Gioli
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council, 50145 Florence, Italy;
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- Istituto dei Materiali per L’Elettronica e il Magnetismo (IMEM-CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.V.); (M.B.); (A.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Nadia Palermo
- Istituto dei Materiali per L’Elettronica e il Magnetismo (IMEM-CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.V.); (M.B.); (A.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Michela Janni
- Istituto dei Materiali per L’Elettronica e il Magnetismo (IMEM-CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (F.V.); (M.B.); (A.Z.); (N.P.)
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6
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McElwain JC, Matthaeus WJ, Barbosa C, Chondrogiannis C, O' Dea K, Jackson B, Knetge AB, Kwasniewska K, Nair R, White JD, Wilson JP, Montañez IP, Buckley YM, Belcher CM, Nogué S. Functional traits of fossil plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:392-423. [PMID: 38409806 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A minuscule fraction of the Earth's paleobiological diversity is preserved in the geological record as fossils. What plant remnants have withstood taphonomic filtering, fragmentation, and alteration in their journey to become part of the fossil record provide unique information on how plants functioned in paleo-ecosystems through their traits. Plant traits are measurable morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical, or phenological characteristics that potentially affect their environment and fitness. Here, we review the rich literature of paleobotany, through the lens of contemporary trait-based ecology, to evaluate which well-established extant plant traits hold the greatest promise for application to fossils. In particular, we focus on fossil plant functional traits, those measurable properties of leaf, stem, reproductive, or whole plant fossils that offer insights into the functioning of the plant when alive. The limitations of a trait-based approach in paleobotany are considerable. However, in our critical assessment of over 30 extant traits we present an initial, semi-quantitative ranking of 26 paleo-functional traits based on taphonomic and methodological criteria on the potential of those traits to impact Earth system processes, and for that impact to be quantifiable. We demonstrate how valuable inferences on paleo-ecosystem processes (pollination biology, herbivory), past nutrient cycles, paleobiogeography, paleo-demography (life history), and Earth system history can be derived through the application of paleo-functional traits to fossil plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C McElwain
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - William J Matthaeus
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Catarina Barbosa
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | | | - Katie O' Dea
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Bea Jackson
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Antonietta B Knetge
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Kamila Kwasniewska
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Richard Nair
- School of Natural Sciences, Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Joseph D White
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, 76798-7388, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan P Wilson
- Department of Environmental Studies, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, 19041, PA, USA
| | - Isabel P Montañez
- UC Davis Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yvonne M Buckley
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | | | - Sandra Nogué
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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7
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Mencuccini M, Anderegg WRL, Binks O, Knipfer T, Konings AG, Novick K, Poyatos R, Martínez-Vilalta J. A new empirical framework to quantify the hydraulic effects of soil and atmospheric drivers on plant water status. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17222. [PMID: 38450813 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Metrics to quantify regulation of plant water status at the daily as opposed to the seasonal scale do not presently exist. This gap is significant since plants are hypothesised to regulate their water potential not only with respect to slowly changing soil drought but also with respect to faster changes in air vapour pressure deficit (VPD), a variable whose importance for plant physiology is expected to grow because of higher temperatures in the coming decades. We present a metric, the stringency of water potential regulation, that can be employed at the daily scale and quantifies the effects exerted on plants by the separate and combined effect of soil and atmospheric drought. We test our theory using datasets from two experiments where air temperature and VPD were experimentally manipulated. In contrast to existing metrics based on soil drought that can only be applied at the seasonal scale, our metric successfully detects the impact of atmospheric warming on the regulation of plant water status. We show that the thermodynamic effect of VPD on plant water status can be isolated and compared against that exerted by soil drought and the covariation between VPD and soil drought. Furthermore, in three of three cases, VPD accounted for more than 5 MPa of potential effect on leaf water potential. We explore the significance of our findings in the context of potential future applications of this metric from plant to ecosystem scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William R L Anderegg
- Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Thorsten Knipfer
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Kim Novick
- University of Indiana, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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8
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Huang R, Di N, Xi B, Yang J, Duan J, Li X, Feng J, Choat B, Tissue D. Herb hydraulics: Variation and correlation for traits governing drought tolerance and efficiency of water transport. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168095. [PMID: 37879470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic traits dictate plant response to drought, thus enabling better understanding of community dynamics under global climate change. Despite being intensively documented in woody species, herbaceous species (graminoids and forbs) are largely understudied, hence the distribution and correlation of hydraulic traits in herbaceous species remains unclear. Here, we collected key hydraulic traits for 436 herbaceous species from published literature, including leaf hydraulic conductivity (Kleaf), water potential inducing 50 % loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50), stomatal closure (Pclose) and turgor loss (Ptlp). Trait variation of herbs was analyzed and contrasted with angiosperm woody species within the existing global hydraulic traits database, as well as between different growth forms within herbs. Furthermore, hydraulic traits coordination was also assessed for herbaceous species. We found that herbs showed overall more negative Pclose but less negative Ptlp compared with angiosperm woody species, while P50 did not differ between functional types, regardless of the organ (leaf and stem). In addition, correlations were found between Kleaf and P50 of leaf (P50leaf), as well as between Pclose, P50leaf and Kleaf. Within herbs, graminoids generally exhibited more negative P50 and Ptlp, but lower Kleaf, relative to forbs. Within herbs, no clear pattern regarding hydraulic traits-climate relationship was found. Our analysis provided insights into herb hydraulic, and highlighted the knowledge gaps need to be filled regarding the response of herbs to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruike Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Zhongguancun Campus, 27 Zhongguancun south Avenue, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security (Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), Hohhot 010020, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Di
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security (Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), Hohhot 010020, People's Republic of China; School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Benye Xi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Rd, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jie Duan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Rd, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ximeng Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Zhongguancun Campus, 27 Zhongguancun south Avenue, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinchao Feng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Zhongguancun Campus, 27 Zhongguancun south Avenue, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia; Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
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9
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Knipfer T, Wilson N, Jorgensen-Bambach NE, McElrone AJ, Bartlett MK, Castellarin SD. Cessation of berry growth coincides with leaf complete stomatal closure at pre-veraison for grapevine (Vitis vinifera) subjected to progressive drought stress. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:979-988. [PMID: 37742279 PMCID: PMC10808015 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Drought events have devasting impacts on grape berry production. The aim of this study was to investigate berry growth in the context of leaf stomatal closure under progressive drought stress. METHODS Potted grapevine plants (varieties 'Syrah' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon') were evaluated at pre-verasion (30-45 d after anthesis, DAA) and post-veraison (90-107 DAA). Berry diameter, berry absolute growth rate (AGR), leaf stomatal conductance (Gs) at midday, plant water potential at predawn and midday (ΨPD and ΨMD, respectively), and soil relative water content were measured repeatedly. The ΨPD-threshold of 90 % loss in stomatal conductance (Gs10, i.e. complete stomatal closure) was determined. Data were related to plant dehydration phases I, II and III with corresponding boundaries Θ1 and Θ2, using the water potential curve method. KEY RESULTS At pre-veraison, berry AGR declined together with leaf Gs in response to soil drying in both varieties. Berry AGR transitioned from positive to negative (shrinkage) values when leaf Gs approached zero. The Gs10-threshold was -0.81 MPa in 'Syrah' and -0.74 MPa in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and was linked to boundary Θ1. At post-veraison, berry AGR was negligible and negative AGR values were not intensified by increasing drought stress in either variety. CONCLUSION Leaf complete stomatal closure under progressive drought stress coincides with cessation of berry growth followed by shrinkage at pre-veraison (growth stage 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Knipfer
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - N Wilson
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - A J McElrone
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- USDA-ARS, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - M K Bartlett
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - S D Castellarin
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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10
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Guo B, Arndt SK, Miller RE, Szota C, Farrell C. How does leaf succulence relate to plant drought resistance in woody shrubs? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1501-1513. [PMID: 37208014 PMCID: PMC10652328 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Succulence describes the amount of water stored in cells or organs, regardless of plant life-form, including woody and herbaceous plants. In dry environments, plants with greater survival often have greater leaf succulence. However, it is unclear how leaf succulence relates to plant drought resistance strategies, including isohydry (closing stomata to maintain leaf water status) and anisohydry (adjusting cell turgor to tolerate low leaf water status), which exist on a continuum that can be quantified by hydroscape area (larger hydroscape area indicates more anisohydric). We evaluated 12 woody species with differing leaf succulence in a glasshouse dry-down experiment to determine relationships among leaf succulence (degree of leaf succulence, leaf succulent quotient and leaf thickness) and plant drought response (hydroscape area, plant water use, turgor loss point and predawn leaf water potential when transpiration ceased). Hydroscape areas ranged from 0.72 (Carpobrotus modestus S.T.Blake; crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants) to 7.01 MPa2 (Rhagodia spinescens R.Br.; C3 plants), suggesting that C. modestus was more isohydric and R. spinescens was more anisohydric. More isohydric species C. modestus, Carpobrotus rossii (Haw.) Schwantes and Disphyma crassifolium (L.) L.Bolus (CAM plants) had greater leaf succulence, lower root allocation, used stored water and ceased transpiration at higher predawn leaf water potential, shortly after reaching their turgor loss point. The remaining nine species that are not CAM plants had larger hydroscape areas and ceased transpiration at lower predawn leaf water potential. Greater leaf succulence was not related to cumulative water loss until transpiration ceased in drying soils. All 12 species had high turgor loss points (-1.32 to -0.59 MPa), but turgor loss point was not related to hydroscape area or leaf succulence. Our data suggest that overall greater leaf succulence was related to isohydry, but this may have been influenced by the fact that these species were also CAM plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Guo
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Stefan K Arndt
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Miller
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Christopher Szota
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Claire Farrell
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
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11
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Nadal M, Quintanilla LG, Pons-Perpinyà J, Lima VF, Gago J, Aranda I. Leaf structure and water relations of an allotetraploid Mediterranean fern and its diploid parents. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14043. [PMID: 37882284 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Allopolyploidy is a common speciation mechanism in plants; however, its physiological and ecological consequences in niche partitioning have been scarcely studied. In this sense, leaf traits are good proxies to study the adaptive capacity of allopolyploids and diploid parents to their respective environmental conditions. In the present work, leaf water relations (assessed through pressure-volume curves) and structural and anatomical traits of the allotetraploid fern Oeosporangium tinaei and its diploid parents, Oeosporangium hispanicum and Oeosporangium pteridioides, were studied under controlled conditions in response to a water stress (WS) cycle. O. hispanicum showed the lowest osmotic potential at turgor loss point (πtlp ) and leaf capacitance, together with higher leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf thickness (LT), leaf density (LD), and leaf dry matter content (LDMC), whereas O. pteridioides presented the opposite set of traits (high πtlp and capacitance, and low LMA, LT, LD, and LDMC). O. tinaei showed an intermediate position for most of the studied traits. The responsiveness (osmotic and elastic adjustments) to WS was low, although most of the traits explained the segregation of the three species across a range of drought tolerance according to the rank: O. hispanicum > O. tinaei > O. pteridioides. These trait differences may underlie the niche segregation among coexisting populations of the three species in the Mediterranean basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Nadal
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Zaragoza, Spain
- Agro-Environmental and Water Economics Institute (INAGEA), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Luis G Quintanilla
- School of Environmental Sciences and Technology (ESCET), University Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Joan Pons-Perpinyà
- Agro-Environmental and Water Economics Institute (INAGEA), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Valéria F Lima
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jorge Gago
- Agro-Environmental and Water Economics Institute (INAGEA), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ismael Aranda
- Institute of Forest Sciences, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (ICIFOR-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Song HQ, Wang YQ, Yan CL, Zeng WH, Chen YJ, Zhang JL, Liu H, Zhang QM, Zhu SD. Can leaf drought tolerance predict species abundance and its changes in tropical-subtropical forests? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1319-1325. [PMID: 37154549 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has resulted in an increase in drought severity in the species-rich tropical and subtropical forests of southern China. Exploring the spatiotemporal relationship between drought-tolerance trait and tree abundance provides a means to elucidate the impact of droughts on community assembly and dynamics. In this study, we measured the leaf turgor loss point (πtlp) for 399 tree species from three tropical forest plots and three subtropical forest plots. The plot area was 1 ha and tree abundance was calculated as total basal area per hectare according to the nearest community census data. The first aim of this study was to explore πtlp abundance relationships in the six plots across a range of precipitation seasonality. Additionally, three of the six plots (two tropical forests and one subtropical forest) had consecutive community censuses data (12-22 years) and the mortality ratios and abundance year slope of tree species were analyzed. The second aim was to examine whether πtlp is a predictor of tree mortality and abundance changes. Our results showed that tree species with lower (more negative) πtlp were more abundant in the tropical forests with relative high seasonality. However, πtlp was not related to tree abundance in the subtropical forests with low seasonality. Moreover, πtlp was not a good predictor of tree mortality and abundance changes in both humid and dry forests. This study reveals the restricted role of πtlp in predicting the response of forests to increasing droughts under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qing Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Chao-Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian-Mei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
- Dinghushan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhaoqing 526070, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
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13
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Martín-Gómez P, Rodríguez-Robles U, Ogée J, Wingate L, Sancho-Knapik D, Peguero-Pina J, Dos Santos Silva JV, Gil-Pelegrín E, Pemán J, Ferrio JP. Contrasting stem water uptake and storage dynamics of water-saver and water-spender species during drought and recovery. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1290-1306. [PMID: 36930058 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought is projected to occur more frequently and intensely in the coming decades, and the extent to which it will affect forest functioning will depend on species-specific responses to water stress. Aiming to understand the hydraulic traits and water dynamics behind water-saver and water-spender strategies in response to drought and recovery, we conducted a pot experiment with two species with contrasting physiological strategies, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea L.). We applied two cycles of soil drying and recovery and irrigated with isotopically different water to track fast changes in soil and stem water pools, while continuously measuring physiological status and xylem water content from twigs. Our results provide evidence for a tight link between the leaf-level response and the water uptake and storage patterns in the stem. The water-saver strategy of pines prevented stem dehydration by rapidly closing stomata which limited their water uptake during the early stages of drought and recovery. Conversely, oaks showed a less conservative strategy, maintaining transpiration and physiological activity under dry soil conditions, and consequently becoming more dehydrated at the stem level. We interpreted this dehydration as the release of water from elastic storage tissues as no major loss of hydraulic conductance occurred for this species. After soil rewetting, pines recovered pre-drought leaf water potential rapidly, but it took longer to replace the water from conductive tissues (slower labeling speed). In contrast, water-spender oaks were able to quickly replace xylem water during recovery (fast labeling speed), but it took longer to refill stem storage tissues, and hence to recover pre-drought leaf water potential. These different patterns in sap flow rates, speed and duration of the labeling reflected a combination of water-use and storage traits, linked to the leaf-level strategies in response to drought and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Martín-Gómez
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO - CERCA, Ctra de Sant Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, E-25280 Solsona, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ulises Rodríguez-Robles
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Independencia Nacional 151, Autlán de Navarro, 48900 Jalisco, México
| | - Jérôme Ogée
- Atmosphere Plant Soil Interactions Research Unit (UMR ISPA), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), 71 Av. Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Lisa Wingate
- Atmosphere Plant Soil Interactions Research Unit (UMR ISPA), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), 71 Av. Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Domingo Sancho-Knapik
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, E-50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Peguero-Pina
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, E-50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Victor Dos Santos Silva
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, E-50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, E-50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Pemán
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Ferrio
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, E-50059 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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14
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Groenveld T, Obiero C, Yu Y, Flury M, Keller M. Predawn leaf water potential of grapevines is not necessarily a good proxy for soil moisture. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:369. [PMID: 37488482 PMCID: PMC10367393 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plant water relations research, predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd) is often used as a proxy for soil water potential (Ψsoil), without testing the underlying assumptions that nighttime transpiration is negligible and that enough time has passed for a hydrostatic equilibrium to be established. The goal of this research was to test the assumption Ψpd = Ψsoil for field-grown grapevines. RESULTS A field trial was conducted with 30 different cultivars of wine grapes grown in a single vineyard in arid southeastern Washington, USA, for two years. The Ψpd and the volumetric soil water content (θv) under each sampled plant were measured multiple times during several dry-down cycles. The results show that in wet soil (Ψsoil > - 0.14 MPa or relative extractable water content, θe > 0.36), Ψpd was significantly lower than Ψsoil for all 30 cultivars. Under dry soil conditions (Ψsoil < - 0.14 MPa or θe < 0.36) Ψpd lined up better with Ψsoil. There were differences between cultivars, but these were not consistent over the years. CONCLUSION These results suggest that for wet soils Ψpd of grapevines cannot be used as a proxy for Ψsoil, while the Ψpd = Ψsoil assumption may hold for dry soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Groenveld
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
- Present Address: Central and Northern Arava Research and Development Center, Hatzeva, Israel
| | - Charles Obiero
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | - Yingxue Yu
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Puyallup Research & Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, WA, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, WA, Pullman, USA
| | - Markus Flury
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Puyallup Research & Extension Center, Washington State University, Puyallup, WA, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, WA, Pullman, USA
| | - Markus Keller
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA.
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15
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Rowland L, Ramírez-Valiente JA, Hartley IP, Mencuccini M. How woody plants adjust above- and below-ground traits in response to sustained drought. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37306017 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Future increases in drought severity and frequency are predicted to have substantial impacts on plant function and survival. However, there is considerable uncertainty concerning what drought adjustment is and whether plants can adjust to sustained drought. This review focuses on woody plants and synthesises the evidence for drought adjustment in a selection of key above-ground and below-ground plant traits. We assess whether evaluating the drought adjustment of single traits, or selections of traits that operate on the same plant functional axis (e.g. photosynthetic traits) is sufficient, or whether a multi-trait approach, integrating across multiple axes, is required. We conclude that studies on drought adjustments in woody plants might overestimate the capacity for adjustment to drier environments if spatial studies along gradients are used, without complementary experimental approaches. We provide evidence that drought adjustment is common in above-ground and below-ground traits; however, whether this is adaptive and sufficient to respond to future droughts remains uncertain for most species. To address this uncertainty, we must move towards studying trait integration within and across multiple axes of plant function (e.g. above-ground and below-ground) to gain a holistic view of drought adjustments at the whole-plant scale and how these influence plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rowland
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | - Iain P Hartley
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Campus de Bellaterra (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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16
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Jin Y, Hao G, Hammond WM, Yu K, Liu X, Ye Q, Zhou Z, Wang C. Aridity-dependent sequence of water potentials for stomatal closure and hydraulic dysfunctions in woody plants. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2030-2040. [PMID: 36655297 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The sequence of physiological events during drought strongly impacts plants' overall performance. Here, we synthesized the global data of stomatal and hydraulic traits in leaves and stems of 202 woody species to evaluate variations in the water potentials for key physiological events and their sequence along the climatic gradient. We found that the seasonal minimum water potential, turgor loss point, stomatal closure point, and leaf and stem xylem vulnerability to embolism were intercorrelated and decreased with aridity, indicating that water stress drives trait co-selection. In xeric regions, the seasonal minimum water potential occurred at lower water potential than turgor loss point, and the subsequent stomatal closure delayed embolism formation. In mesic regions, however, the seasonal minimum water potential did not pose a threat to the physiological functions, and stomatal closure occurred even at slightly more negative water potential than embolism. Our study demonstrates that the sequence of water potentials for physiological dysfunctions of woody plants varies with aridity, that is, xeric species adopt a more conservative sequence to prevent severe tissue damage through tighter stomatal regulation (isohydric strategy) and higher embolism resistance, while mesic species adopt a riskier sequence via looser stomatal regulation (anisohydric strategy) to maximize carbon uptake at the cost of hydraulic safety. Integrating both aridity-dependent sequence of water potentials for physiological dysfunctions and gap between these key traits into the hydraulic framework of process-based vegetation models would improve the prediction of woody plants' responses to drought under global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Center for Ecological Research, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyou Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - William M Hammond
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kailiang Yu
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Center for Ecological Research, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuankuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Center for Ecological Research, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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17
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Xu H, Zhang Z, Oren R, Wu X. Hyposensitive canopy conductance renders ecosystems vulnerable to meteorological droughts. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1890-1904. [PMID: 36655411 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Increased meteorological drought intensity with rising atmospheric demand for water (hereafter vapor pressure deficit [VPD]) increases the risk of tree mortality and ecosystem dysfunction worldwide. Ecosystem-scale water-use strategy is increasingly recognized as a key factor in regulating drought-related ecosystem responses. However, the link between water-use strategy and ecosystem vulnerability to meteorological droughts is poorly established. Using the global flux observations, historic hydroclimatic data, remote-sensing products, and plant functional-trait archive, we identified potentially vulnerable ecosystems, examining how ecosystem water-use strategy, quantified by the percentage bias (δ) of the empirical canopy conductance sensitivity to VPD relative to the theoretical value, mediated ecosystem responses to droughts. We found that prevailing soil water availability substantially impacted δ in dryland regions where ecosystems with insufficient soil moisture usually showed conservative water-use strategy, while ecosystems in humid regions exhibited more pronounced climatic adaptability. Hyposensitive and hypersensitive ecosystems, classified based on δ falling below or above the theoretical sensitivity, respectively, achieved similar net ecosystem productivity during droughts, employing different structural and functional strategies. However, hyposensitive ecosystems, risking their hydraulic system with a permissive water-use strategy, were unable to recover from droughts as quickly as hypersensitive ones. Our findings highlight that processed-based models predicting current functions and future performance of vegetation should account for the greater vulnerability of hyposensitive ecosystems to intensifying atmospheric and soil droughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CNERN, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CNERN, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ram Oren
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, North Carolina, Durham, USA
- Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, CNERN, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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González-Rebeles G, Méndez-Alonzo R, Paz H, Terrazas T, Tinoco-Ojanguren C. Leaf habit determines the hydraulic and resource-use strategies in tree saplings from the Sonoran Desert. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:221-233. [PMID: 36209448 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The drought susceptibility of woody saplings may explain their low survival in arid environments. Therefore, it is critical to determine which morphological and physiological traits are more responsive to drought among young plants. This study tested whether plant responses to experimental drought differ between two plant functional groups: the deciduous and evergreen species. We predicted that deciduous species would present a tighter stomatal control under drought, coupled with fast carbon fixation under no stress, tending toward isohydry and faster growth rates than the evergreen species. Using 1-year-old saplings from three evergreen and four deciduous Sonoran Desert tree species, we evaluated their hydraulic and gas exchange traits under three experimental irrigation conditions: high, intermediate and low water availability. We measured CO2 assimilation rates (A), stomatal conductance (gs), the level of iso-anisohydry (as the plant's ability to maintain constant their water potential) and seven morphological and growth-related traits throughout 2 months. Under high water availability, saplings reached their maximum values of A and gs, which were significantly higher for deciduous than evergreen species. Correlations among hydroscape area (HA) and leaf traits positioned species along the iso/anisohydric continuum. Deciduous species presented isohydric characteristics, including low HA, high gs, A and Huber values (HVs), and traits indicative of a faster use of resources, such as low stem-specific density (SSD) and low leaf mass per area (LMA). By contrast, evergreen species showed traits that indicate slow resource use and anisohydric behavior, such as high HA, SSD and LMA, and low gs, A and HVs. Deciduous species drastically reduced gas exchange rates in response to drought, while evergreen maintained low rates independently of drought intensity. Overall, desert saplings showed strategies concordant with the iso-anisohydric continuum and the fast-slow use of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina González-Rebeles
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Hermosillo, Hermosillo 83250, Sonora, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio A, 1o Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Rodrigo Méndez-Alonzo
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada 22860, Baja California, México
| | - Horacio Paz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190, Michoacán, México
| | - Teresa Terrazas
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 3004, México
| | - Clara Tinoco-Ojanguren
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Hermosillo, Hermosillo 83250, Sonora, México
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19
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Griffin-Nolan RJ, Felton AJ, Slette IJ, Smith MD, Knapp AK. Traits that distinguish dominant species across aridity gradients differ from those that respond to soil moisture. Oecologia 2023; 201:311-322. [PMID: 36640197 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Many plant traits respond to changes in water availability and might be useful for understanding ecosystem properties such as net primary production (NPP). This is especially evident in grasslands where NPP is water-limited and primarily determined by the traits of dominant species. We measured root and shoot morphology, leaf hydraulic traits, and NPP of four dominant North American prairie grasses in response to four levels of soil moisture in a greenhouse experiment. We expected that traits of species from drier regions would be more responsive to reduced water availability and that this would make these species more resistant to low soil moisture than species from wetter regions. All four species grew taller, produced more biomass, and increased total root length in wetter treatments. Each species reduced its leaf turgor loss point (TLP) in drier conditions, but only two species (one xeric, one mesic) maintained leaf water potential above TLP. We identified a suite of traits that clearly distinguished species from one another, but, surprisingly, these traits were relatively unresponsive to reduced soil moisture. Specifically, more xeric species produced thinner roots with higher specific root length and had a lower root mass fraction. This suggest that root traits are critical for distinguishing species from one another but might not respond strongly to changing water availability, though this warrants further investigation in the field. Overall, we found that NPP of these dominant grass species responded similarly to varying levels of soil moisture despite differences in species morphology, physiology, and habitat of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Griffin-Nolan
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA. .,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA. .,Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA.
| | - Andrew J Felton
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA.,Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Ingrid J Slette
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Long Term Ecological Research Network Office, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Alan K Knapp
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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20
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Xu GQ, Chen TQ, Liu SS, Ma J, Li Y. Within-crown plasticity of hydraulic properties influence branch dieback patterns of two woody plants under experimental drought conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158802. [PMID: 36115397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent year, widespread declines of Populus bolleana Lauche trees (P. bolleana, which dieback from the top down) and Haloxylon ammodendron shrubs (H. ammodendron, which dieback starting from their outer canopy) have occurred. To investigate how both intra-canopy hydraulic changes and plasticity in hydraulic properties create differences in vulnerability between these two species, we conducted a drought simulation field experiment. We analyzed branch hydraulic vulnerability, leaf water potential (Ψ), photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), non-structural carbohydrate (NSCs) contents and morphological traits of the plants as the plants underwent a partial canopy dieback. Our results showed that: (1) the hydraulic architecture was very different between the two life forms; (2) H. ammodendron exhibited a drought tolerance response with weak stomatal control, and thus a sharp decline in Ψ while P. bolleana showed a drought avoidance response with tighter stomatal control that maintained a relatively stable Ψ; (3) the Ψ of H. ammodendron showed relative consistent symptoms of drought stress with increasing plant stature, but the Ψ of P. bolleana showed greater drought stress in higher portions of the crown; (4) prolonged drought caused P. bolleana to consume and H. ammodendron to accumulate NSCs in the branches of their upper canopy. Thus, the prolonged drought caused the shoots of the upper canopy of P. bolleana to experience greater vulnerability leading to dieback of the upper branches first, while all the twigs of the outer canopy of H. ammodendron experienced nearly identical degrees of vulnerability, and thus dieback occurred uniformly. Our results indicate that intra-canopy hydraulic change and their plasticity under drought was the main cause of the observed canopy dieback patterns in both species. However, more work is needed to further establish that hydraulic limitation as a function of plant stature was the sole mechanism for causing the divergent canopy dieback patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Qing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tu-Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shen-Si Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Lab of Subtropical Siviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666Wusu Street, Lin-An, Hangzhou 311300, China
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21
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Vargas G. G, Kunert N, Hammond WM, Berry ZC, Werden LK, Smith‐Martin CM, Wolfe BT, Toro L, Mondragón‐Botero A, Pinto‐Ledezma JN, Schwartz NB, Uriarte M, Sack L, Anderson‐Teixeira KJ, Powers JS. Leaf habit affects the distribution of drought sensitivity but not water transport efficiency in the tropics. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2637-2650. [PMID: 36257904 PMCID: PMC9828425 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Considering the global intensification of aridity in tropical biomes due to climate change, we need to understand what shapes the distribution of drought sensitivity in tropical plants. We conducted a pantropical data synthesis representing 1117 species to test whether xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity (KS ), water potential at leaf turgor loss (ΨTLP ) and water potential at 50% loss of KS (ΨP50 ) varied along climate gradients. The ΨTLP and ΨP50 increased with climatic moisture only for evergreen species, but KS did not. Species with high ΨTLP and ΨP50 values were associated with both dry and wet environments. However, drought-deciduous species showed high ΨTLP and ΨP50 values regardless of water availability, whereas evergreen species only in wet environments. All three traits showed a weak phylogenetic signal and a short half-life. These results suggest strong environmental controls on trait variance, which in turn is modulated by leaf habit along climatic moisture gradients in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Vargas G.
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA,School of Biological SciencesThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Norbert Kunert
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA,Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama,Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of BotanyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaViennaAustria
| | - William M. Hammond
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Z. Carter Berry
- Department of BiologyWake Forest UniversityWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Leland K. Werden
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Chris M. Smith‐Martin
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Brett T. Wolfe
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA,Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Laura Toro
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Jesús N. Pinto‐Ledezma
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Naomi B. Schwartz
- Department of GeographyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA,Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Jennifer S. Powers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
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22
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Fan DY, Dang QL, Yang XF, Liu XM, Wang JY, Zhang SR. Nitrogen deposition increases xylem hydraulic sensitivity but decreases stomatal sensitivity to water potential in two temperate deciduous tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157840. [PMID: 35934026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the effects of nitrogen deposition on tree water relations are studied extensively, its impact on the relative sensitivities of stomatal and xylem hydraulic conductance to vapor pressure deficit and water potential is still poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of a 7-year N deposition treatment on the responses of leaf water relations and sensitivity of canopy stomatal conductance to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and water potential, as well as the sensitivity of branch hydraulic conductance to water potential in a dominant tree species (Quercus wutaishanica) and an associated tree species (Acer mono) in a temperate forest. It was found that the N deposition increased stomatal sensitivity to VPD, decreased stomatal sensitivity to water potential, and increased the vulnerability of the hydraulic system to cavitation in both species. The standardized stomatal sensitivity to VPD, however, was not affected by the N deposition, indicating that the stomata maintained the ability to regulate the water balance under nitrogen deposition condition. Although the increased stomatal sensitivity to VPD could compensate the decreased stomatal sensitivity to water potential to some extent, the combined response would increase the percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) when 50 % loss in stomatal conductance occurred, particularly in the dominant species Q. wutaishanica. The result indicates that N deposition would increase the risk of hydraulic failure in those species if the soil and/or air becomes drier under future climate change scenarios. The results of the study can have significant implications on the modelling of ecosystem vulnerability to drought under the scenario of atmospheric nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qing-Lai Dang
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Xiao-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shou-Ren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100096, China.
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23
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Chen Z, Li S, Wan X, Liu S. Strategies of tree species to adapt to drought from leaf stomatal regulation and stem embolism resistance to root properties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:926535. [PMID: 36237513 PMCID: PMC9552884 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.926535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidences highlight the occurrence of increasing widespread tree mortality as a result of global climate change-associated droughts. However, knowledge about the mechanisms underlying divergent strategies of various tree species to adapt to drought has remained remarkably insufficient. Leaf stomatal regulation and embolism resistance of stem xylem serves as two important strategies for tree species to prevent hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, as comprising interconnected physiological mechanisms underlying drought-induced tree mortality. Hence, the physiological and anatomical determinants of leaf stomatal regulation and stems xylem embolism resistance are evaluated and discussed. In addition, root properties related to drought tolerance are also reviewed. Species with greater investment in leaves and stems tend to maintain stomatal opening and resist stem embolism under drought conditions. The coordination between stomatal regulation and stem embolism resistance are summarized and discussed. Previous studies showed that hydraulic safety margin (HSM, the difference between minimum water potential and that causing xylem dysfunction) is a significant predictor of tree species mortality under drought conditions. Compared with HSM, stomatal safety margin (the difference between water potential at stomatal closure and that causing xylem dysfunction) more directly merge stomatal regulation strategies with xylem hydraulic strategies, illustrating a comprehensive framework to characterize plant response to drought. A combination of plant traits reflecting species' response and adaptation to drought should be established in the future, and we propose four specific urgent issues as future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Xianchong Wan
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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24
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Salvi AM, Gosetti SG, Smith DD, Adams MA, Givnish TJ, McCulloh KA. Hydroscapes, hydroscape plasticity and relationships to functional traits and mesophyll photosynthetic sensitivity to leaf water potential in Eucalyptus species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2573-2588. [PMID: 35706133 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The isohydric-anisohydric continuum describes the relative stringency of stomatal control of leaf water potential (ψleaf ) during drought. Hydroscape area (HA)-the water potential landscape over which stomata regulate ψleaf -has emerged as a useful metric of the iso/anisohydric continuum because it is strongly linked to several hydraulic, photosynthetic and structural traits. Previous research on HA focused on broad ecological patterns involving several plant clades. Here we investigate the relationships between HA and climatic conditions and functional traits across ecologically diverse but closely related species while accounting for phylogeny. Across a macroclimatic moisture gradient, defined by the ratio of mean annual precipitation to mean annual pan evaporation (P/Ep ), HA decreased with increased P/Ep across 10 Eucalyptus species. Greater anisohydry reflects lower turgor loss points and greater hydraulic safety, mirroring global patterns. Larger HA coincides with mesophyll photosynthetic capacity that is more sensitive to ψleaf . Hydroscapes exhibit little plasticity in response to variation in water supply, and the extent of plasticity does not vary with P/Ep of native habitats. These findings strengthen the case that HA is a useful metric for characterizing drought tolerance and water-status regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Salvi
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sophia G Gosetti
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Duncan D Smith
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Creswick, Victoria, Australia
- Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Adams
- Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas J Givnish
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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25
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Lee EH, Andersen CP, Beedlow PA, Tingey DT, Koike S, Dubois JJ, Kaylor SD, Novak K, Rice RB, Neufeld HS, Herrick JD. Ozone exposure-response relationships parametrized for sixteen tree species with varying sensitivity in the United States. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2022; 284:1-16. [PMID: 35775067 PMCID: PMC9237886 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that exposure to ambient O3 can decrease growth in many tree species in the United States (US). Our study reports experimental data from outdoor open-top chamber (OTC) studies that quantify total biomass response changes for seedlings of 16 species native to western and eastern North America, which were exposed to several levels of elevated O3 for one or more years. The primary objective of this study is to establish a reference set of parameters for these seedling exposure-response relationships using a 3-month (92 day) 12-hr W126 O3 metric used by US Environmental Protection Agency and other agencies to assess risk to trees from O3 exposure. We classified the 16 species according to their sensitivity, based on the biomass loss response functions to protect from a 5% biomass loss. The three-month 12-h W126 estimated to result in a 5% biomass loss was 2.5-9.2 ppm-h for sensitive species, 20.8-25.2 ppm-h for intermediate species, and > 28.7 ppm-h for insensitive species. The most sensitive tree species include black cherry, ponderosa pine, quaking aspen, red alder, American sycamore, tulip poplar and winged sumac. These species are ecologically important and widespread across US. The effects of O3 on whole-plant biomass depended on exposure duration and dynamics and on the number of successive years of exposure. These species-specific exposure-response relationships will allow US agencies and other groups to better estimate biomass losses based on ozone exposures in North America and can be used in risk assessment and scenario analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Henry Lee
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | | | - Peter A Beedlow
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - David T Tingey
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, OR 97333 (Retired)
| | - Seiji Koike
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | | | - S Douglas Kaylor
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, RTP, NC 27711
| | - Kristopher Novak
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, RTP, NC 27711
| | - R Byron Rice
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, RTP, NC 27711
| | - Howard S Neufeld
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, 572 Rivers Street, Boone, NC 28608
| | - Jeffrey D Herrick
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, RTP, NC 27711
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26
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Álvarez-Maldini C, Acevedo M, Estay D, Aros F, Dumroese RK, Sandoval S, Pinto M. Examining physiological, water relations, and hydraulic vulnerability traits to determine anisohydric and isohydric behavior in almond ( Prunus dulcis) cultivars: Implications for selecting agronomic cultivars under changing climate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:974050. [PMID: 36092408 PMCID: PMC9453546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.974050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The search for drought tolerant species or cultivars is important to address water scarcity caused by climate change in Mediterranean regions. The anisohydric-isohydric behavior concept has been widely used to describe stomatal regulation during drought, simply in terms of variation of minimal water potential (Ψmin) in relation to pre-dawn water potential (Ψpd). However, its simplicity has sometimes failed to deliver consistent results in describing a complex behavior that results from the coordination of several plant functional traits. While Prunus dulcis (almond) is known as a drought tolerant species, little information is available regarding consistent metrics to discriminate among cultivars or the mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in almond. Here we show a sequence of plant stomatal, hydraulic, and wilting responses to drought in almonds, and the main differences between anisohydric and isohydric cultivars. In a pot desiccation experiment we observed that stomatal closure in P. dulcis is not driven by loss in turgor or onset of xylem cavitation, but instead, occurs early in response to decreasing Ψmin that could be related to the protection of the integrity of the hydraulic system, independently of cultivar. Also, we report that anisohydric cultivars of P. dulcis are characterized by maximum stomatal conductance, lower water potentials for stomatal closure and turgor loss, and lower vulnerability to xylem cavitation, which are traits that correlated with metrics to discriminate anisohydric and isohydric behavior. Our results demonstrate that P. dulcis presents a strategy to avoid cavitation by closing stomata during the early stages of drought. Future research should also focus on below-ground hydraulic traits, which could trigger stomatal closure in almond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Álvarez-Maldini
- Instituto Ciencias Agroalimentarias Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Campus Colchagua, Universidad de O′Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | - Manuel Acevedo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Planta Forestal, Instituto Forestal, Sede Biobío, San Pedro de la Paz, Chile
| | - Daniela Estay
- Instituto Ciencias Agroalimentarias Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Campus Colchagua, Universidad de O′Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | - Fabián Aros
- Instituto Ciencias Agroalimentarias Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Campus Colchagua, Universidad de O′Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | - R. Kasten Dumroese
- United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Simón Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Análisis y Modelamiento de Geoinformación, Departamento de Manejo de Bosques y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Manuel Pinto
- Instituto Ciencias Agroalimentarias Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Campus Colchagua, Universidad de O′Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
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27
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Cory ST, Smith WK, Anderson TM. First-year Acacia seedlings are anisohydric "water-spenders" but differ in their rates of water use. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1251-1261. [PMID: 35791878 PMCID: PMC9544296 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE First-year seedlings (FYS) of tree species may be a critical demographic bottleneck in semi-arid, seasonally dry ecosystems such as savannas. Given the highly variable water availability and potentially strong FYS-grass competition for water, FYS water-use strategies may play a crucial role in FYS establishment in savannas and, ultimately, in tree-grass competition and coexistence. METHODS We examined drought responses in FYS of two tree species that are dominant on opposite ends of an aridity gradient in Serengeti, Acacia (=Vachellia) tortilis and A. robusta. In a glasshouse experiment, gas exchange and whole-plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant ) were measured as soil water potential (Ψsoil ) declined. Trajectory of the Ψleaf /Ψsoil relationship during drought elucidated the degree of iso/anisohydry. RESULTS Both species were strongly anisohydric "water-spenders," allowing rapid wet-season C gain after pulses of moisture availability. Despite being equally vulnerable to declines in Kplant under severe drought, they differed in their rates of water use. Acacia tortilis, which occurs in the more arid regions, initially had greater Kmax , transpiration (E), and photosynthesis (Anet ) than A. robusta. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates an important mechanism of FYS establishment in savannas: Rather than investing in drought tolerance, savanna FYS maximize gas exchange during wet periods at the expense of desiccation during dry seasons. FYS establishment appears dependent on high C uptake during the pulses of water availability that characterize habitats dominated by these species. This study increases our understanding of species-scale plant ecophysiology and ecosystem-scale patterns of tree-grass coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T. Cory
- Department of BiologyWake Forest University1834 Wake Forest RoadWinston‐SalemNC27106USA
| | - William K. Smith
- Department of BiologyWake Forest University1834 Wake Forest RoadWinston‐SalemNC27106USA
| | - T. Michael Anderson
- Department of BiologyWake Forest University1834 Wake Forest RoadWinston‐SalemNC27106USA
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Limousin JM, Roussel A, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Torres-Ruiz JM, Moreno M, Garcia de Jalon L, Ourcival JM, Simioni G, Cochard H, Martin-StPaul N. Drought acclimation of Quercus ilex leaves improves tolerance to moderate drought but not resistance to severe water stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1967-1984. [PMID: 35394675 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing temperature and drought can result in leaf dehydration and defoliation even in drought-adapted tree species such as the Mediterranean evergreen Quercus ilex L. The stomatal regulation of leaf water potential plays a central role in avoiding this phenomenon and is constrained by a suite of leaf traits including hydraulic conductance and vulnerability, hydraulic capacitance, minimum conductance to water vapour, osmotic potential and cell wall elasticity. We investigated whether the plasticity in these traits may improve leaf tolerance to drought in two long-term rainfall exclusion experiments in Mediterranean forests. Osmotic adjustment was observed to lower the water potential at turgor loss in the rainfall-exclusion treatments, thus suggesting a stomatal closure at more negative water potentials and a more anisohydric behaviour in drier conditions. Conversely, leaf hydraulic conductance and vulnerability did not exhibit any plasticity between treatments so the hydraulic safety margins were narrower in the rainfall-exclusion treatments. The sequence of leaf responses to seasonal drought and dehydration was conserved among treatments and sites but trees were more likely to suffer losses of turgor and hydraulic functioning in the rainfall-exclusion treatments. We conclude that leaf plasticity might help the trees to tolerate moderate drought but not to resist severe water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amélie Roussel
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Myriam Moreno
- Unité Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (UR629), INRAE Avignon Cedex 9, Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc, France
| | | | | | - Guillaume Simioni
- Unité Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (UR629), INRAE Avignon Cedex 9, Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc, France
| | - Hervé Cochard
- PIAF, University Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Martin-StPaul
- Unité Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (UR629), INRAE Avignon Cedex 9, Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc, France
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29
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Rauschkolb R, Li Z, Godefroid S, Dixon L, Durka W, Májeková M, Bossdorf O, Ensslin A, Scheepens JF. Evolution of plant drought strategies and herbivore tolerance after two decades of climate change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:773-785. [PMID: 35357713 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global warming, coupled with increased drought frequencies, together with other biotic drivers may have resulted in complex evolutionary adaptation. The resurrection approach, comparing ancestors raised from stored seeds with their contemporary descendants under common conditions, is a powerful method to test for recent evolution in plant populations. We used 21-26-yr-old seeds of four European plant species - Matthiola tricuspidata, Plantago crassifolia, Clinopodium vulgare and Leontodon hispidus - stored in seed banks together with re-collected seeds from their wild populations. To test for evolutionary changes, we conducted a glasshouse experiment that quantified heritable changes in plant responses to drought and simulated insect herbivory. In three out of the four studied species, we found evidence that descendants had evolved shorter life cycles through faster growth and flowering. Shifts in the osmotic potential and leaf dry matter content indicated that descendants also evolved increased drought tolerance. A comparison of quantitative genetic differentiation (QST ) vs neutral molecular differentiation (FST ) values, using double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) genotyping data, suggested that directional selection, and therefore adaptive evolution, was underlying some of the observed phenotypic changes. In summary, our study revealed evolutionary changes in plant populations over the last decades that are consistent with adaptation of drought escape and tolerance as well as herbivory avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rauschkolb
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biodiversity, Institute of Ecology and Evolution with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany, Philosophenweg 16, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Zixin Li
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Lara Dixon
- Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de Porquerolles, 34 avenue Gambetta, 83400, Hyères, France
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Májeková
- Plant Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ensslin
- Conservatory and Botanic Garden of the City of Geneva, 1296, Chambésy, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J F Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Haberstroh S, Lobo‐do‐Vale R, Caldeira MC, Dubbert M, Cuntz M, Werner C. Plant invasion modifies isohydricity in Mediterranean tree species. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Haberstroh
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University Freiburg 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Forest Research Centre School of Agriculture University of Lisbon, 1349‐017 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Raquel Lobo‐do‐Vale
- Forest Research Centre School of Agriculture University of Lisbon, 1349‐017 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Maria C. Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre School of Agriculture University of Lisbon, 1349‐017 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Maren Dubbert
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University Freiburg 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Isotope Biogeochemistry and Gas Fluxes, 15374 Müncheberg Germany
| | - Matthias Cuntz
- Université de Lorraine AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy France
| | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University Freiburg 79110 Freiburg Germany
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31
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Villalobos-González L, Alarcón N, Bastías R, Pérez C, Sanz R, Peña-Neira Á, Pastenes C. Photoprotection Is Achieved by Photorespiration and Modification of the Leaf Incident Light, and Their Extent Is Modulated by the Stomatal Sensitivity to Water Deficit in Grapevines. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081050. [PMID: 35448778 PMCID: PMC9031914 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Absorbed energy in excess of that used by photosynthesis induces photoinhibition, which is common in water deficit conditions, resulting in reductions in stomatal conductance. In grapevines, controlled water deficit is a common field practice, but little is known about the impact of a given water shortage on the energy transduction processes at the leaf level in relation to contrasting stomatal sensitivities to drought. Here, we assessed the effect of a nearly similar water deficit condition on four grapevine varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and Sauvignon Blanc (SB), which are stomatal sensitive, and Chardonnay (CH) and Carménère (CM), which are less stomatal sensitive, grown in 20 L pots outdoors. Plants were maintained to nearly 94% of field capacity (WW) and 83% field capacity (WD). We have assessed plant water status, photosynthesis (AN), photorespiration, AN vs. PAR, ACi curves, photochemical (qP) and non-photochemical (qN) fluorescence quenching vs. PAR, the photoprotective effectiveness of NPQ (qPd) and light interception by leaves. Photorespiration is important under WD, but to a different extent between varieties. This is related to stomatal sensitivity, maintaining a safe proportion of PSII reaction centres in an open state. Additionally, the capacity for carboxylation is affected by WD, but to a greater extent in more sensitive varieties. As for qN, in WD it saturates at 750 μmol PAR m−2s−1, irrespective of the variety, which coincides with PAR, from which qN photoprotective effectiveness declines, and qP is reduced to risky thresholds. Additionally, that same PAR intensity is intercepted by WD leaves from highly stomatal-sensitive varieties, likely due to a modification of the leaf angle in those plants. Pigments associated with qN, as well as chlorophylls, do not seem to be a relevant physiological target for acclimation.
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32
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Li X, Xi B, Wu X, Choat B, Feng J, Jiang M, Tissue D. Unlocking Drought-Induced Tree Mortality: Physiological Mechanisms to Modeling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:835921. [PMID: 35444681 PMCID: PMC9015645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.835921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought-related tree mortality has become a major concern worldwide due to its pronounced negative impacts on the functioning and sustainability of forest ecosystems. However, our ability to identify the species that are most vulnerable to drought, and to pinpoint the spatial and temporal patterns of mortality events, is still limited. Model is useful tools to capture the dynamics of vegetation at spatiotemporal scales, yet contemporary land surface models (LSMs) are often incapable of predicting the response of vegetation to environmental perturbations with sufficient accuracy, especially under stressful conditions such as drought. Significant progress has been made regarding the physiological mechanisms underpinning plant drought response in the past decade, and plant hydraulic dysfunction has emerged as a key determinant for tree death due to water shortage. The identification of pivotal physiological events and relevant plant traits may facilitate forecasting tree mortality through a mechanistic approach, with improved precision. In this review, we (1) summarize current understanding of physiological mechanisms leading to tree death, (2) describe the functionality of key hydraulic traits that are involved in the process of hydraulic dysfunction, and (3) outline their roles in improving the representation of hydraulic function in LSMs. We urge potential future research on detailed hydraulic processes under drought, pinpointing corresponding functional traits, as well as understanding traits variation across and within species, for a better representation of drought-induced tree mortality in models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | - Benye Xi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuchen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | - Jinchao Feng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Mingkai Jiang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
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33
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Guillemot J, Martin-StPaul NK, Bulascoschi L, Poorter L, Morin X, Pinho BX, le Maire G, R L Bittencourt P, Oliveira RS, Bongers F, Brouwer R, Pereira L, Gonzalez Melo GA, Boonman CCF, Brown KA, Cerabolini BEL, Niinemets Ü, Onoda Y, Schneider JV, Sheremetiev S, Brancalion PHS. Small and slow is safe: On the drought tolerance of tropical tree species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2622-2638. [PMID: 35007364 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how evolutionary history and the coordination between trait trade-off axes shape the drought tolerance of trees is crucial to predict forest dynamics under climate change. Here, we compiled traits related to drought tolerance and the fast-slow and stature-recruitment trade-off axes in 601 tropical woody species to explore their covariations and phylogenetic signals. We found that xylem resistance to embolism (P50) determines the risk of hydraulic failure, while the functional significance of leaf turgor loss point (TLP) relies on its coordination with water use strategies. P50 and TLP exhibit weak phylogenetic signals and substantial variation within genera. TLP is closely associated with the fast-slow trait axis: slow species maintain leaf functioning under higher water stress. P50 is associated with both the fast-slow and stature-recruitment trait axes: slow and small species exhibit more resistant xylem. Lower leaf phosphorus concentration is associated with more resistant xylem, which suggests a (nutrient and drought) stress-tolerance syndrome in the tropics. Overall, our results imply that (1) drought tolerance is under strong selective pressure in tropical forests, and TLP and P50 result from the repeated evolutionary adaptation of closely related taxa, and (2) drought tolerance is coordinated with the ecological strategies governing tropical forest demography. These findings provide a physiological basis to interpret the drought-induced shift toward slow-growing, smaller, denser-wooded trees observed in the tropics, with implications for forest restoration programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannès Guillemot
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia Bulascoschi
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Morin
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno X Pinho
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAe, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Guerric le Maire
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rens Brouwer
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luciano Pereira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Coline C F Boonman
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerry A Brown
- Department of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK
| | - Bruno E L Cerabolini
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Julio V Schneider
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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34
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Thom JK, Livesley SJ, Fletcher TD, Farrell C, Arndt SK, Konarska J, Szota C. Selecting tree species with high transpiration and drought avoidance to optimise runoff reduction in passive irrigation systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:151466. [PMID: 34780836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rainfall in cities can generate large volumes of stormwater runoff which degrades receiving waterways. Irrigating trees with runoff (passive irrigation) has the potential to increase transpiration and contribute to stormwater management by reducing runoff received by downstream waterways, but the stochastic nature of rainfall may expose trees with high transpiration to drought stress. We hypothesized that for success in passive irrigation systems, tree species should exhibit i) high maximum transpiration rates under well-watered conditions, ii) drought avoidance between rainfall events, and iii) high recovery of transpiration with rainfall following a drought. We assessed 13 commonly planted urban tree species in Melbourne, Australia against three metrics representing these behaviours (crop factor, hydroscape area, and transpiration recovery, respectively) in a glasshouse experiment. To aid species selection, we also investigated the relationships between these three metrics and commonly measured plant traits, including leaf turgor loss point, wood density, and sapwood to leaf area ratio (Huber value). Only one species (Tristaniopsis laurina) exhibited a combination of high crop factor (>1.1 mm mm-1 d-1) indicating high transpiration, small hydroscape area (<3 MPa2) indicating drought avoidance, and high transpiration recovery (>85%) following water deficit. Hence, of the species measured, it had the greatest potential to reduce runoff from passive irrigation systems while avoiding drought stress. Nevertheless, several other species showed moderate transpiration, hydroscape areas and transpiration recovery, indicating a balanced strategy likely suitable for passive irrigation systems. Huber values were negatively related to crop factor and transpiration recovery and may therefore be a useful tool to aid species selection. We propose that selecting tree species with high transpiration rates that can avoid drought and recover well could greatly reduce stormwater runoff, while supporting broader environmental benefits such as urban cooling in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine K Thom
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, Victoria 3121, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Livesley
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, Victoria 3121, Australia.
| | - Tim D Fletcher
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, Victoria 3121, Australia.
| | - Claire Farrell
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, Victoria 3121, Australia.
| | - Stefan K Arndt
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, Victoria 3121, Australia.
| | - Janina Konarska
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, Victoria 3121, Australia; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 5a, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher Szota
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Burnley, Victoria 3121, Australia.
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Potkay A, Hölttä T, Trugman AT, Fan Y. Turgor-limited predictions of tree growth, height and metabolic scaling over tree lifespans. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:229-252. [PMID: 34296275 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that tree growth is sink-limited by environmental and internal controls rather than by carbon availability. However, the mechanisms underlying sink-limitations are not fully understood and thus not represented in large-scale vegetation models. We develop a simple, analytically solved, mechanistic, turgor-driven growth model (TDGM) and a phloem transport model (PTM) to explore the mechanics of phloem transport and evaluate three hypotheses. First, phloem transport must be explicitly considered to accurately predict turgor distributions and thus growth. Second, turgor-limitations can explain growth-scaling with size (metabolic scaling). Third, turgor can explain realistic growth rates and increments. We show that mechanistic, sink-limited growth schemes based on plant turgor limitations are feasible for large-scale model implementations with minimal computational demands. Our PTM predicted nearly uniform sugar concentrations along the phloem transport path regardless of phloem conductance, stem water potential gradients and the strength of sink-demands contrary to our first hypothesis, suggesting that phloem transport is not limited generally by phloem transport capacity per se but rather by carbon demand for growth and respiration. These results enabled TDGM implementation without explicit coupling to the PTM, further simplifying computation. We test the TDGM by comparing predictions of whole-tree growth rate to well-established observations (site indices) and allometric theory. Our simple TDGM predicts realistic tree heights, growth rates and metabolic scaling over decadal to centurial timescales, suggesting that tree growth is generally sink and turgor limited. Like observed trees, our TDGM captures tree-size- and resource-based deviations from the classical ¾ power-law metabolic scaling for which turgor is responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Potkay
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Teemu Hölttä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Anna T Trugman
- Department of Geography, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
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Leuschner C, Schipka F, Backes K. Stomatal regulation and water potential variation in European beech: challenging the iso/anisohydry concept. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:365-378. [PMID: 34415347 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The iso/anisohydric continuum has been used to classify tree species' drought response strategies. The range over which stomata are regulating leaf water potential (ψl) before turgor loss occurs can be described with metrics such as the dependence of ψl on soil water potential (ψsoil) and the size of 'hydroscape area' (HA), but corresponding field data from adult trees are scarce. We examined the stomatal conductance (gs)-ψl relationship in its temporal (diurnal vs seasonal and interannual) and spatial (within-crown vs between-site) variation in European beech, using extensive ψl and gs measurements in the canopy of four beech stands across a precipitation gradient, and complemented the data set by published ψl and gs measurements in further Central European beech stands (including the extreme 2018 drought) in order to cover the full water potential operation space of the species. Both metrics characterize beech as a strictly anisohydric species with δψl/δψsoil >> 1 and HA = 4 MPa2. However, stomates close sensitively in response to increasing vapor pressure deficit, disproving the widely assumed dependence of large ψl variation on looser stomatal control. Characterizing the water status regulation mechanisms of trees requires separating diurnal from day-to-day variation in ψl and gs. The large diurnal and seasonal ψl variation in beech leaves is partly caused by a low leaf tissue elasticity, suggesting that a whole-plant perspective with consideration of osmotic and elastic tissue properties and stem and root hydraulics is needed for fully understanding ψl regulation and the drought tolerance strategy of trees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Schipka
- Plant Ecology, University of Goettingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Backes
- Plant Ecology, University of Goettingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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37
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Benson MC, Miniat CF, Oishi AC, Denham SO, Domec JC, Johnson DM, Missik JE, Phillips RP, Wood JD, Novick KA. The xylem of anisohydric Quercus alba L. is more vulnerable to embolism than isohydric codominants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:329-346. [PMID: 34902165 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The coordination of plant leaf water potential (ΨL ) regulation and xylem vulnerability to embolism is fundamental for understanding the tradeoffs between carbon uptake and risk of hydraulic damage. There is a general consensus that trees with vulnerable xylem more conservatively regulate ΨL than plants with resistant xylem. We evaluated if this paradigm applied to three important eastern US temperate tree species, Quercus alba L., Acer saccharum Marsh. and Liriodendron tulipifera L., by synthesizing 1600 ΨL observations, 122 xylem embolism curves and xylem anatomical measurements across 10 forests spanning pronounced hydroclimatological gradients and ages. We found that, unexpectedly, the species with the most vulnerable xylem (Q. alba) regulated ΨL less strictly than the other species. This relationship was found across all sites, such that coordination among traits was largely unaffected by climate and stand age. Quercus species are perceived to be among the most drought tolerant temperate US forest species; however, our results suggest their relatively loose ΨL regulation in response to hydrologic stress occurs with a substantial hydraulic cost that may expose them to novel risks in a more drought-prone future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Benson
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Chelcy F Miniat
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew C Oishi
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sander O Denham
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Domec
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA UMR 1391 ISPA, Gradignan, France
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel M Johnson
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Justine E Missik
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard P Phillips
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Wood
- University of Missouri, School of Natural Resources, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kimberly A Novick
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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38
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Lee EH, Beedlow PA, Brooks JR, Tingey DT, Wickham C, Rugh W. Physiological responses of Douglas-fir to climate and forest disturbances as detected by cellulosic carbon and oxygen isotope ratios. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:5-25. [PMID: 34528693 PMCID: PMC9394118 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Swiss needle cast (SNC), caused by a fungal pathogen, Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii, is a major forest disease of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands of the Pacific Northwest (PNW). There is mounting concern that the current SNC epidemic occurring in Oregon and Washington will continue to increase in severity, frequency and spatial extent with future warming. Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii occurs wherever its host is found, but very little is known about the history and spatial distribution of SNC and its effects on growth and physiological processes of mature and old-growth forests within the Douglas-fir region of the PNW. Our findings show that stem growth and physiological responses of infected Douglas-fir to climate and SNC were different between sites, growth periods and disease severity based on cellulosic stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios and ring width data in tree rings. At a coastal Oregon site within the SNC impact zone, variations in stem growth and Δ13C were primarily influenced by disproportional reductions in stomatal conductance (gs) and assimilation (A) caused by a loss of functioning stomates through early needle abscission and stomatal occlusion by pseudothecia of N. gaeumannii. At the less severely infected inland sites on the west slopes of Oregon's Cascade Range, stem growth correlated negatively with δ18O and positively with Δ13C, indicating that gs decreased in response to high evaporative demand with a concomitant reduction in A. Current- and previous-years summer vapor pressure deficit was the principal seasonal climatic variable affecting radial stem growth and the dual stable isotope ratios at all sites. Our results indicate that rising temperatures since the mid-1970s has strongly affected Douglas-fir growth in the PNW directly by a physiological response to higher evaporative demand during the annual summer drought and indirectly by a major SNC epidemic that is expanding regionally to higher latitudes and higher elevations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Henry Lee
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Peter A. Beedlow
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - J. Renée Brooks
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - David T. Tingey
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
- Retired
| | - Charlotte Wickham
- Oregon State University, Department of Statistics, Weniger Hall Room 255, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - William Rugh
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 200 SW 35 Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
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Saurer M, Cherubini P. Tree physiological responses after biotic and abiotic disturbances revealed by a dual isotope approach. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1-4. [PMID: 33823041 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Saurer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Cherubini
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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40
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Xu J, Chai Y, Liu P, Quan J, Wu X, Li C, Yue M. Effects of Water Availability on the Relationships Between Hydraulic and Economic Traits in the Quercus wutaishanica Forests. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:902509. [PMID: 35720582 PMCID: PMC9199496 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.902509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Water availability is a key environmental factor affecting plant species distribution, and the relationships between hydraulic and economic traits are important for understanding the species' distribution patterns. However, in the same community type but within different soil water availabilities, the relationships in congeneric species remain ambiguous. In northwest China, Quercus wutaishanica forests in the Qinling Mountains (QM, humid region) and Loess Plateau (LP, drought region) have different species composition owing to contrasting soil water availability, but with common species occurring in two regions. We analyzed eight hydraulic traits [stomatal density (SD), vein density (VD), wood specific gravity (WSGbranch), lower leaf area: sapwood area (Al: As), stomatal length (SL), turgor loss point (ΨTlp), maximum vessel diameter (Vdmax) and height (Height)] and five economic traits [leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf tissue density (TD), leaf dry mass per area (LMA), Leaf thickness (LT) and maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax)] of congeneric species (including common species and endemic species) in Q. wutaishanica forests of QM and LP. We explored whether the congeneric species have different economic and hydraulic traits across regions. And whether the relationship between hydraulic and economic traits was determined by soil water availability, and whether it was related to species distribution and congeneric endemic species composition of the same community. We found that LP species tended to have higher SD, VD, WSGbranch, Al: As, SL, ΨTlp and Vdmax than QM species. There was a significant trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety across congeneric species. Also, the relationships between hydraulic and economic traits were closer in LP than in QM. These results suggested that relationships between hydraulic and economic traits, hydraulic efficiency and safety played the role in constraining species distribution across regions. Interestingly, some relationships between traits changed (from significant correlation to non-correlation) in common species across two regions (from LP to QM), but not in endemic species. The change of these seven pairs of relationships might be a reason for common species' wide occurrence in the two Q. wutaishanica forests with different soil water availability. In drought or humid conditions, congeneric species developed different types of adaptation mechanisms. The study helps to understand the environmental adaptive strategies of plant species, and the results improve our understanding of the role of both hydraulic and economic traits during community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiale Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinshi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongfu Chai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peiliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxin Quan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xipin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province/Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Yue,
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Burridge JD, Grondin A, Vadez V. Optimizing Crop Water Use for Drought and Climate Change Adaptation Requires a Multi-Scale Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:824720. [PMID: 35574091 PMCID: PMC9100818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.824720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Selection criteria that co-optimize water use efficiency and yield are needed to promote plant productivity in increasingly challenging and variable drought scenarios, particularly dryland cereals in the semi-arid tropics. Optimizing water use efficiency and yield fundamentally involves transpiration dynamics, where restriction of maximum transpiration rate helps to avoid early crop failure, while maximizing grain filling. Transpiration restriction can be regulated by multiple mechanisms and involves cross-organ coordination. This coordination involves complex feedbacks and feedforwards over time scales ranging from minutes to weeks, and from spatial scales ranging from cell membrane to crop canopy. Aquaporins have direct effect but various compensation and coordination pathways involve phenology, relative root and shoot growth, shoot architecture, root length distribution profile, as well as other architectural and anatomical aspects of plant form and function. We propose gravimetric phenotyping as an integrative, cross-scale solution to understand the dynamic, interwoven, and context-dependent coordination of transpiration regulation. The most fruitful breeding strategy is likely to be that which maintains focus on the phene of interest, namely, daily and season level transpiration dynamics. This direct selection approach is more precise than yield-based selection but sufficiently integrative to capture attenuating and complementary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Burridge
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: James D. Burridge,
| | - Alexandre Grondin
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux, Laboratoire Mixte International, Dakar, Senegal
- Centre d’Étude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, Thiès, Senegal
| | - Vincent Vadez
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux, Laboratoire Mixte International, Dakar, Senegal
- Centre d’Étude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, Thiès, Senegal
- International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
- Vincent Vadez,
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Osone Y, Hashimoto S, Kenzo T. Verification of our empirical understanding of the physiology and ecology of two contrasting plantation species using a trait database. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254599. [PMID: 34843472 PMCID: PMC8629320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of climate change on forest ecosystems take on increasing importance more than ever. Information on plant traits is a powerful predictor of ecosystem dynamics and functioning. We reviewed the major ecological traits, such as foliar gas exchange and nutrients, xylem morphology and drought tolerance, of Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa, which are major timber species in East Asia, especially in Japan, by using a recently developed functional trait database for both species (SugiHinokiDB). Empirically, C. obtusa has been planted under drier conditions, whereas C. japonica, which grows faster but thought to be less drought tolerant, has been planted under wetter conditions. Our analysis generally support the empirical knowledge: The maximum photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, foliar nutrient content and soil-to-foliage hydraulic conductance were higher in C. japonica than in C. obtusa. In contrast, the foliar turgor loss point and xylem pressure corresponding to 50% conductivity, which indicate drought tolerance, were lower in C. obtusa and are consistent with the drier habitat of C. obtusa. Ontogenetic shifts were also observed; as the age and height of the trees increased, foliar nutrient concentrations, foliar minimum midday water potential and specific leaf area decreased in C. japonica, suggesting that nutrient and water limitation occurs with the growth. In C. obtusa, the ontogenetic shits of these foliar traits were less pronounced. Among the Cupressaceae worldwide, the drought tolerance of C. obtusa, as well as C. japonica, was not as high. This may be related to the fact that the Japanese archipelago has historically not been subjected to strong dryness. The maximum photosynthetic rate showed intermediate values within the family, indicating that C. japonica and C. obtusa exhibit relatively high growth rates in the Cupressaceae family, and this is thought to be the reason why they have been selected as economically suitable timber species in Japanese forestry. This study clearly demonstrated that the plant trait database provides us a promising opportunity to verify out empirical knowledge of plantation management and helps us to understand effect of climate change on plantation forests by using trait-based modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Osone
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shoji Hashimoto
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tanaka Kenzo
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
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43
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Kannenberg SA, Guo JS, Novick KA, Anderegg WRL, Feng X, Kennedy D, Konings AG, Martínez‐Vilalta J, Matheny AM. Opportunities, challenges and pitfalls in characterizing plant water‐use strategies. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica S. Guo
- Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- Arizona Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
| | - Kimberly A. Novick
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University Bloomington IN USA
| | | | - Xue Feng
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo‐Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
- Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | | | | | - Jordi Martínez‐Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès) Catalonia Spain
| | - Ashley M. Matheny
- Department of Geological Sciences Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas Austin TX USA
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44
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Sapes G, Sala A. Relative water content consistently predicts drought mortality risk in seedling populations with different morphology, physiology and times to death. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3322-3335. [PMID: 34251033 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Predicted increases in forest drought mortality highlight the need for predictors of incipient drought-induced mortality (DIM) risk that enable proactive large-scale management. Such predictors should be consistent across plants with varying morphology and physiology. Because of their integrative nature, indicators of water status are promising candidates for real-time monitoring of DIM, particularly if they standardize morphological differences among plants. We assessed the extent to which differences in morphology and physiology between Pinus ponderosa populations influence time to mortality and the predictive power of key indicators of DIM risk. Time to incipient mortality differed between populations but occurred at the same relative water content (RWC) and water potential (WP). RWC and WP were accurate predictors of drought mortality risk. These results highlight that variables related to water status capture critical thresholds during DIM and the associated dehydration processes. Both WP and RWC are promising candidates for large-scale assessments of DIM risk. RWC is of special interest because it allows comparisons across different morphologies and can be remotely sensed. Our results offer promise for real-time landscape-level monitoring of DIM and its global impacts in the near term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Sapes
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anna Sala
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
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45
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Yao GQ, Nie ZF, Zeng YY, Waseem M, Hasan MM, Tian XQ, Liao ZQ, Siddique KHM, Fang XW. A clear trade-off between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety in an aridland shrub during regrowth. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3347-3357. [PMID: 34327717 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety is related to drought adaptation across species. However, whether leaf hydraulic efficiency is sacrificed for safety during woody resprout regrowth after crown removal is not well understood. We measured leaf water potential (ψleaf ) at predawn (ψpd ) and midday (ψmid ), leaf maximum hydraulic conductance (Kleaf-max ), ψleaf at induction 50% loss of Kleaf-max (Kleaf P50 ), leaf area-specific whole-plant hydraulic conductance (LSC), leaf vein structure and turgor loss point (πtlp ) in 1- to 13-year-old resprouts of the aridland shrub (Caragana korshinskii). ψpd was similar, ψmid and Kleaf P50 became more negative, and Kleaf-max decreased in resprouts with the increasing age; thus, leaf hydraulic efficiency clearly traded off against safety. The difference between ψmid and Kleaf P50 , leaf hydraulic safety margin, increased gradually with increasing resprout age. More negative ψmid and Kleaf P50 were closely related to decreasing LSC and more negative πtlp , respectively, and the decreasing Kleaf-max arose from the lower minor vein density and the narrower midrib xylem vessels. Our results showed that a clear trade-off between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety helps C. korshinskii resprouts adapt to increasing water stress as they approach final size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Qian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zheng-Fei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Md Mahadi Hasan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xue-Qian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhong-Qiang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xiang-Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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González-Rebeles G, Terrazas T, Méndez-Alonzo R, Paz H, Brodribb TJ, Tinoco-Ojanguren C. Leaf water relations reflect canopy phenology rather than leaf life span in Sonoran Desert trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1627-1640. [PMID: 33611521 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants from arid environments display covarying traits to survive or resist drought. Plant drought resistance and ability to survive long periods of low soil water availability should involve leaf phenology coordination with leaf and stem functional traits related to water status. This study tested correlations between phenology and functional traits involved in plant water status regulation in 10 Sonoran Desert tree species with contrasting phenology. Species seasonal variation in plant water status was defined by calculating their relative positions along the iso/anisohydric regulation continuum based on their hydroscape areas (HA)-a metric derived from the relationship between predawn and midday water potentials-and stomatal and hydraulic traits. Additionally, functional traits associated with plant water status regulation, including lamina vessel hydraulic diameter (DHL), stem-specific density (SSD) and leaf mass per area (LMA) were quantified per species. To characterize leaf phenology, leaf longevity (LL) and canopy foliage duration (FD) were determined. Hydroscape area was strongly correlated with FD but not with leaf longevity (LL); HA was significantly associated with SSD and leaf hydraulic traits (DHL, LMA) but not with stem hydraulic traits (vulnerability index, relative conductivity); and FD was strongly correlated with LMA and SSD. Leaf physiological characteristics affected leaf phenology when it was described as canopy FD better than when described as LL. Stem and leaf structure and hydraulic functions were not only relevant for categorizing species along the iso/anisohydric continuum but also allowed identifying different strategies of desert trees within the 'fast-slow' plant economics spectrum. The results in this study pinpoint the set of evolutionary pressures that shape the Sonoran Desert Scrub physiognomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina González-Rebeles
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Hermosillo, Luis Donaldo Colosio s/n, 83250 Los Arcos, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Teresa Terrazas
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Zona Deportiva S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rodrigo Méndez-Alonzo
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, 22860 Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Horacio Paz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, 58190 Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Tim J Brodribb
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tasmania, 7005 Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Clara Tinoco-Ojanguren
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Hermosillo, Luis Donaldo Colosio s/n, 83250 Los Arcos, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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47
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Chen Z, Zhang Y, Yuan W, Zhu S, Pan R, Wan X, Liu S. Coordinated variation in stem and leaf functional traits of temperate broadleaf tree species in the isohydric-anisohydric spectrum. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1601-1610. [PMID: 33693879 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal regulation serves as an important strategy for plants to adapt to drought. However, the understanding of how complexes of plant-functional traits vary along the continuum from isohydry to anisohydry remains insufficient. In this study, we investigated a proxy of the degree of iso/anisohydry-the water potential at stomatal closure-and a series of functional traits of leaves and branches in 20 temperate broadleaf species planted in an arid limestone habitat in northern China. The results showed that the water potential at stomatal closure was significantly correlated with many functional traits. At the anisohydric end of the spectrum, species had a higher leaf carbon content and vein density, a greater stomatal length, a thicker lower leaf epidermis, higher embolism resistance, higher wood density, a greater Huber value, a greater ratio of fiber wall thickness to xylem lumen diameter, a larger proportion of total fiber wall area to xylem cross-sectional area, a lower water potential at the turgor loss point (TLP), a smaller relative water content at the TLP, a lower osmotic potential at full turgor and a smaller specific leaf area. It is concluded that a continuum of coordination and trade-offs among co-evolved anatomical and physiological traits gives rise to the spectrum from isohydry to anisohydry spanned by the 20 tree species, and the anisohydric species showed stronger stress resistance, with greater investment in stems and leaves than the isohydric species to maintain stomatal opening under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Chen
- Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Forestry College of Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 102300, China
| | - Shidan Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ruihua Pan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xianchong Wan
- Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Wright CL, de Lima ALA, de Souza ES, West JB, Wilcox BP. Plant functional types broadly describe water use strategies in the Caatinga, a seasonally dry tropical forest in northeast Brazil. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:11808-11825. [PMID: 34522343 PMCID: PMC8427645 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In seasonally dry tropical forests, plant functional type can be classified as deciduous low wood density, deciduous high wood density, or evergreen high wood density species. While deciduousness is often associated with drought-avoidance and low wood density is often associated with tissue water storage, the degree to which these functional types may correspond to diverging and unique water use strategies has not been extensively tested.We examined (a) tolerance to water stress, measured by predawn and mid-day leaf water potential; (b) water use efficiency, measured via foliar δ13C; and (c) access to soil water, measured via stem water δ18O.We found that deciduous low wood density species maintain high leaf water potential and low water use efficiency. Deciduous high wood density species have lower leaf water potential and variable water use efficiency. Both groups rely on shallow soil water. Evergreen high wood density species have low leaf water potential, higher water use efficiency, and access alternative water sources. These findings indicate that deciduous low wood density species are drought avoiders, with a specialized strategy for storing root and stem water. Deciduous high wood density species are moderately drought tolerant, and evergreen high wood density species are the most drought tolerant group.Synthesis. Our results broadly support the plant functional type framework as a way to understand water use strategies, but also highlight species-level differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L. Wright
- Environmental Sciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Ecology and Conservation BiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - André L. A. de Lima
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada (UFRPE/UAST)Serra TalhadaBrasil
| | - Eduardo S. de Souza
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada (UFRPE/UAST)Serra TalhadaBrasil
| | - Jason B. West
- Ecology and Conservation BiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Bradford P. Wilcox
- Ecology and Conservation BiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
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Wedel ER, O’Keefe K, Nippert JB, Hoch B, O’Connor RC. Spatio-temporal differences in leaf physiology are associated with fire, not drought, in a clonally integrated shrub. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab037. [PMID: 34336177 PMCID: PMC8317628 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In highly disturbed environments, clonality facilitates plant survival via resprouting after disturbance, resource sharing among interconnected stems and vegetative reproduction. These traits likely contribute to the encroachment of deep-rooted clonal shrubs in tallgrass prairie. Clonal shrubs have access to deep soil water and are typically thought of as relatively insensitive to environmental variability. However, how leaf physiological traits differ among stems within individual clonal shrubs (hereafter 'intra-clonal') in response to extreme environmental variation (i.e. drought or fire) is unclear. Accounting for intra-clonal differences among stems in response to disturbance is needed to more accurately parameterize models that predict the effects of shrub encroachment on ecosystem processes. We assessed intra-clonal leaf-level physiology of the most dominant encroaching shrub in Kansas tallgrass prairie, Cornus drummondii, in response to precipitation and fire. We compared leaf gas exchange rates from the periphery to centre within shrub clones during a wet (2015) and extremely dry (2018) year. We also compared leaf physiology between recently burned shrubs (resprouts) with unburned shrubs in 2018. Resprouts had higher gas exchange rates and leaf nitrogen content than unburned shrubs, suggesting increased rates of carbon gain can contribute to recovery after fire. In areas recently burned, resprouts had higher gas exchange rates in the centre of the shrub than the periphery. In unburned areas, leaf physiology remained constant across the growing season within clonal shrubs (2015 and 2018). Results suggest single measurements within a shrub are likely sufficient to parameterize models to understand the effects of shrub encroachment on ecosystem carbon and water cycles, but model parameterization may require additional complexity in the context of fire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Wedel
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Kimberly O’Keefe
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jesse B Nippert
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Braden Hoch
- Plant Protection and Weed Control Program, Kansas Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Rory C O’Connor
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720, USA
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50
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Javaux M, Carminati A. Soil hydraulics affect the degree of isohydricity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1378-1381. [PMID: 33788931 PMCID: PMC8260126 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A soil–plant hydraulic model shows that the degree of isohydricity is constrained by below-ground hydraulic limitations and that the shape of plant water potential (WP) curve depends on soil hydraulics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Javaux
- Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Julich, GmbH, Germany
- Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Belgium
- Author for communication:
| | - Andrea Carminati
- Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
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