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Anderegg WRL, Martinez-Vilalta J, Mencuccini M, Poyatos R. Community assembly influences plant trait economic spectra and functional trade-offs at ecosystem scales. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404034121. [PMID: 38905242 PMCID: PMC11214073 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404034121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant functional traits hold the potential to greatly improve the understanding and prediction of climate impacts on ecosystems and carbon cycle feedback to climate change. Traits are commonly used to place species along a global conservative-acquisitive trade-off, yet how and if functional traits and conservative-acquisitive trade-offs scale up to mediate community and ecosystem fluxes is largely unknown. Here, we combine functional trait datasets and multibiome datasets of forest water and carbon fluxes at the species, community, and ecosystem-levels to quantify the scaling of the tradeoff between maximum flux and sensitivity to vapor pressure deficit. We find a strong conservative-acquisitive trade-off at the species scale, which weakens modestly at the community scale and largely disappears at the ecosystem scale. Functional traits, particularly plant water transport (hydraulic) traits, are strongly associated with the key dimensions of the conservative-acquisitive trade-off at community and ecosystem scales, highlighting that trait composition appears to influence community and ecosystem flux dynamics. Our findings provide a foundation for improving carbon cycle models by revealing i) that plant hydraulic traits are most strongly associated with community- and ecosystem scale flux dynamics and ii) community assembly dynamics likely need to be considered explicitly, as they give rise to ecosystem-level flux dynamics that differ substantially from trade-offs identified at the species-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. L. Anderegg
- Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84103
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84103
| | - Jordi Martinez-Vilalta
- Ecological and Forestry Applications Research Centre (CREAF), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), CataloniaE08193, Spain
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), CataloniaE08193, Spain
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- Ecological and Forestry Applications Research Centre (CREAF), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), CataloniaE08193, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, CataloniaE08010, Spain
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- Ecological and Forestry Applications Research Centre (CREAF), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), CataloniaE08193, Spain
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), CataloniaE08193, Spain
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2
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Huang J, Wang Q, Sanchez-Martinez P, El-Kassaby YA, Jia Q, Xie Y, Guan W, Zang R. Phylogenetic conservatism and coordination in traits of Chinese woody endemic flora. iScience 2024; 27:109885. [PMID: 38799551 PMCID: PMC11126960 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Range-limited endemic species, often labeled as endangered due to their low adaptability to climate change, exhibit unclear evolutionary mechanisms influencing their distribution. This study explores the relationship between leaf length, maximum height, and seed diameter and their linkage to phylogeny and climate in the macroecology of 1,370 woody endemics. Using Bayesian analytical method that allows partitioning phylogenetic and environmental variances and covariance, we revealed moderate to high phylogenetic signals in these traits, indicating evolutionary constraints potentially impacting climate change adaptability. The study uncovered a phylogenetically conserved coordination between height and leaf length which showed to be independent of macroecological patterns of temperature and precipitation. These findings emphasize the role of phylogenetic ancestry in shaping the distribution of woody endemics, highlighting the need for prioritized in-situ conservation and providing insights for ex situ conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Huang
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Ecological Technical Research Institute (Beijing) CO., Ltd., CIECC, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Pablo Sanchez-Martinez
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autòonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yousry A. El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Qiang Jia
- Ecological Technical Research Institute (Beijing) CO., Ltd., CIECC, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yifei Xie
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Nanling Plant Resources Protection and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Wenbin Guan
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Runguo Zang
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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Zhang G, Fortunel C, Niu S, Zuo J, Maeght JL, Yang X, Xia S, Mao Z. Root topological order drives variation of fine root vessel traits and hydraulic strategies in tropical trees. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2951-2964. [PMID: 38426564 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Vessel traits contribute to plant water transport from roots to leaves and thereby influence how plants respond to soil water availability, but the sources of variation in fine root anatomical traits remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the variations of fine root vessel traits along topological orders within and across tropical tree species. Anatomical traits were measured along five root topological orders in 80 individual trees of 20 species from a tropical forest in southwestern China. We found large variations for most root anatomical traits across topological orders, and strong co-variations between vessel traits. Within species, theoretical specific xylem hydraulic conductivity (Kth) increased with topological order due to increased mean vessel diameter, size heterogeneity, and decreased vessel density. Across species, Kth was associated with vessel fraction in low-order roots and correlated with mean vessel diameter and vessel density in high-order roots, suggesting a shift in relative anatomical contributors to Kth from the second- to fifth-order roots. We found no clear relationship between Kth and stele: root diameter ratios. Our study shows strong variations in root vessel traits across topological orders and species, and highlights shifts in the anatomical underpinnings by varying vessel-related anatomical structures for an optimized water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Shan Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Juan Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jean-Luc Maeght
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Shangwen Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Zhun Mao
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
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Liu D, Zhao C, Li G, Chen Z, Wang S, Huang C, Zhang P. Shrub leaf area and leaf vein trait trade-offs in response to the light environment in a vegetation transitional zone. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP24011. [PMID: 38621017 DOI: 10.1071/fp24011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The leaf is an important site for energy acquisition and material transformation in plants. Leaf functional traits and their trade-off mechanisms reflect the resource utilisation efficiency and habitat adaptation strategies of plants, and contribute to our understanding of the mechanism by which the distribution pattern of plant populations in arid and semi-arid areas influences the evolution of vegetation structure and function. We selected two natural environments, the tree-shrub community canopy area and the shrub-grass community open area in the transition zone between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Loess Plateau. We studied the trade-off relationships of leaf area with leaf midvein diameter and leaf vein density in Cotoneaster multiflorus using the standardised major axis (SMA) method. The results show that the growth pattern of C. multiflorus , which has small leaves of high density and extremely small vein diameters, in the open area. The water use efficiency and net photosynthetic rate of plants in the open area were significantly greater than those of plants growing in the canopy area. The adaptability of C. multiflorus to environments with high light and low soil water content reflects its spatial colonisation potential in arid and semiarid mountains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyue Liu
- Gansu Province Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering Research Center, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730100, China
| | - Chengzhang Zhao
- Gansu Province Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering Research Center, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730100, China
| | - Geyang Li
- Gansu Province Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering Research Center, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730100, China
| | - Zhini Chen
- Gansu Province Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering Research Center, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730100, China; and Xinglongshan Forest Ecosystem National Positioning Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou 730100, China
| | - Suhong Wang
- Gansu Province Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering Research Center, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730100, China
| | - Chenglu Huang
- Gansu Province Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering Research Center, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730100, China
| | - Peixian Zhang
- Gansu Province Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering Research Center, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730100, China
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5
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Liu YY, Chao L, Li ZG, Ma L, Hu BQ, Zhu SD, Cao KF. Water storage capacity is inversely associated with xylem embolism resistance in tropical karst tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae017. [PMID: 38281245 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Tropical karst habitats are characterized by limited and patchy soil, large rocky outcrops and porous substrates, resulting in high habitat heterogeneity and soil moisture fluctuations. Xylem hydraulic efficiency and safety can determine the drought adaptation and spatial distribution of woody plants growing in karst environments. In this study, we measured sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks), vulnerability to embolism, wood density, saturated water content, and vessel and pit anatomical characteristics in the branch stems of 12 evergreen tree species in a tropical karst seasonal rainforest in southwestern China. We aimed to characterize the effects of structural characteristics on hydraulic efficiency and safety. Our results showed that there was no significant correlation between Ks and hydraulic safety across the tropical karst woody species. Ks was correlated with hydraulic vessel diameter (r = 0.80, P < 0.05) and vessel density (r = -0.60, P < 0.05), while the stem water potential at 50 and 88% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50 and P88) were both significantly correlated with wood density (P < 0.05) and saturated water content (P = 0.052 and P < 0.05, respectively). High stem water storage capacity was associated with low cavitation resistance possibly because of its buffering the moisture fluctuations in karst environments. However, both Ks and P50/P88 were decoupled from the anatomical traits of pit and pit membranes. This may explain the lack of tradeoff between hydraulic safety and efficiency in tropical karst evergreen tree species. Our results suggest that diverse hydraulic trait combination may facilitate species coexistence in karst environments with high spatial heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Lin Chao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Zhong-Guo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
- Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Pingxiang 532600, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Bao-Qing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Shi-Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
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6
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Hu Y, Schäfer KVR, Hu S, Zhou W, Xiang D, Zeng Y, Ouyang S, Chen L, Lei P, Deng X, Zhao Z, Fang X, Xiang W. Woody species with higher hydraulic efficiency or lower photosynthetic capacity discriminate more against 13C at the global scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168172. [PMID: 37939937 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Leaf carbon isotope composition (δ13C) provides an integrative record on the carbon and water balance of plants over long periods. Photosynthetic ability and hydraulic traits which are highly associated with stomatal behavior could affect leaf δ13C. Association between photosynthetic ability and leaf δ13C has been examined, however, how hydraulic traits influence leaf δ13C has not been fully understood. To fill this gap, we investigated the variations in leaf δ13C among 2591 woody species (547 shrub and 2044 tree species), and analyzed the link of leaf δ13C with leaf photosynthetic and xylem hydraulic traits. Our result showed that leaf δ13C was positively correlated to leaf photosynthetic ability and capacity. For hydraulic traits, leaf δ13C was negatively related to hydraulic conductivity (Ks), xylem pressure inducing 50 % loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50) and vessel diameter (Vdia). Associations of leaf δ13C with xylem hydraulic traits indicate woody species with stronger hydraulic safety discriminated less against 13C, while woody species with higher hydraulic efficiency had more negative leaf δ13C. Shrub species, which showed a lower Vdia and P50, had a significant less negative leaf δ13C than tree species. Furthermore, woody species inhabiting in dry regions discriminated less against 13C than those growing in humid regions. Moreover, leaf δ13C displayed a low phylogenetic signal based on Blomberg's K statistic. Overall, woody species with a higher leaf photosynthetic ability or stronger hydraulic safety system discriminated less against 13C and adopt the provident water use strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Karina V R Schäfer
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 195 University Avenue, Newark 07102, NJ, USA
| | - Songjiang Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Wenneng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dong Xiang
- Forestry Bureau of Huaihua Perfecture, Huaihua 418099, Hunan, China
| | - Yelin Zeng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Shuai Ouyang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Pifeng Lei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Xiangwen Deng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China
| | - Wenhua Xiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province, Huitong, Hunan 438107, China.
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7
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Blackman CJ, Halliwell B, Hartill GE, Brodribb TJ. Petiole XLA (xylem to leaf area ratio) integrates hydraulic safety and efficiency across a diverse group of eucalypt leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:49-58. [PMID: 37680088 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical trade-off between the efficiency and safety of water transport systems in plants is used to explain diverse ecological patterns, from tree size to community structure. Despite its pervasive influence, this theory has marginal empirical support. This may be partially due to obfuscation of associations by wide phylogenetic sampling or non-standard sampling between studies. To address this, we examine the coordination of structural and anatomical traits linked to hydraulic safety and efficiency in the leaves of an ecologically diverse group of eucalypts. We introduce a new trait for characterising leaf water transport function measured as the cross-sectional XA at the petiole divided by the downstream leaf area (XLApetiole ). Variation in XLApetiole revealed support for a safety-efficiency trade-off in eucalypt leaves. XLApetiole was negatively correlated with theoretical petiole xylem conductivity (Ks_petiole ) and strongly negatively correlated with leaf cavitation vulnerability (Ψ50leaf ). Species with lower Ψ50leaf exhibited petiole xylem with narrower vessels and greater fibre wall area fractions. Our findings highlight XLApetiole as a novel integrative trait that provides insights into the evolution of leaf form and function in eucalypts and holds promise for wider use among diverse species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Blackman
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ben Halliwell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gabrielle E Hartill
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Binks O, Cernusak LA, Liddell M, Bradford M, Coughlin I, Bryant C, Palma AC, Hoffmann L, Alam I, Carle HJ, Rowland L, Oliveira RS, Laurance SGW, Mencuccini M, Meir P. Vapour pressure deficit modulates hydraulic function and structure of tropical rainforests under nonlimiting soil water supply. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1405-1420. [PMID: 37705460 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric conditions are expected to become warmer and drier in the future, but little is known about how evaporative demand influences forest structure and function independently from soil moisture availability, and how fast-response variables (such as canopy water potential and stomatal conductance) may mediate longer-term changes in forest structure and function in response to climate change. We used two tropical rainforest sites with different temperatures and vapour pressure deficits (VPD), but nonlimiting soil water supply, to assess the impact of evaporative demand on ecophysiological function and forest structure. Common species between sites allowed us to test the extent to which species composition, relative abundance and intraspecific variability contributed to site-level differences. The highest VPD site had lower midday canopy water potentials, canopy conductance (gc ), annual transpiration, forest stature, and biomass, while the transpiration rate was less sensitive to changes in VPD; it also had different height-diameter allometry (accounting for 51% of the difference in biomass between sites) and higher plot-level wood density. Our findings suggest that increases in VPD, even in the absence of soil water limitation, influence fast-response variables, such as canopy water potentials and gc , potentially leading to longer-term changes in forest stature resulting in reductions in biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Binks
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | - Michael Liddell
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | - Matt Bradford
- CSIRO Land and Water, Atherton, 4883, Qld, Australia
| | - Ingrid Coughlin
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Callum Bryant
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Ana C Palma
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | - Luke Hoffmann
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | - Iftakharul Alam
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | - Hannah J Carle
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Lucy Rowland
- Geography, Faculty of Environment Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Laver Building, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
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9
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Sanchez-Martinez P, Mencuccini M, García-Valdés R, Hammond WM, Serra-Diaz JM, Guo WY, Segovia RA, Dexter KG, Svenning JC, Allen C, Martínez-Vilalta J. Increased hydraulic risk in assemblages of woody plant species predicts spatial patterns of drought-induced mortality. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1620-1632. [PMID: 37640766 PMCID: PMC10555820 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Predicting drought-induced mortality (DIM) of woody plants remains a key research challenge under climate change. Here, we integrate information on the edaphoclimatic niches, phylogeny and hydraulic traits of species to model the hydraulic risk of woody plants globally. We combine these models with species distribution records to estimate the hydraulic risk faced by local woody plant species assemblages. Thus, we produce global maps of hydraulic risk and test for its relationship with observed DIM. Our results show that local assemblages modelled as having higher hydraulic risk present a higher probability of DIM. Metrics characterizing this hydraulic risk improve DIM predictions globally, relative to models accounting only for edaphoclimatic predictors or broad functional groupings. The methodology we present here allows mapping of functional trait distributions and elucidation of global macro-evolutionary and biogeographical patterns, improving our ability to predict potential global change impacts on vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sanchez-Martinez
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain.
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain.
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | - Raúl García-Valdés
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Josep M Serra-Diaz
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Nancy, France
- Eversource Energy Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Wen-Yong Guo
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems & Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Biology, Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ricardo A Segovia
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Department of Biology, Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Craig Allen
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Martínez-Vilalta J, García-Valdés R, Jump A, Vilà-Cabrera A, Mencuccini M. Accounting for trait variability and coordination in predictions of drought-induced range shifts in woody plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:23-40. [PMID: 37501525 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Functional traits offer a promising avenue to improve predictions of species range shifts under climate change, which will entail warmer and often drier conditions. Although the conceptual foundation linking traits with plant performance and range shifts appears solid, the predictive ability of individual traits remains generally low. In this review, we address this apparent paradox, emphasizing examples of woody plants and traits associated with drought responses at the species' rear edge. Low predictive ability reflects the fact not only that range dynamics tend to be complex and multifactorial, as well as uncertainty in the identification of relevant traits and limited data availability, but also that trait effects are scale- and context-dependent. The latter results from the complex interactions among traits (e.g. compensatory effects) and between them and the environment (e.g. exposure), which ultimately determine persistence and colonization capacity. To confront this complexity, a more balanced coverage of the main functional dimensions involved (stress tolerance, resource use, regeneration and dispersal) is needed, and modelling approaches must be developed that explicitly account for: trait coordination in a hierarchical context; trait variability in space and time and its relationship with exposure; and the effect of biotic interactions in an ecological community context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raúl García-Valdés
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), E25280, Solsona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, E28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alistair Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, UK
| | - Albert Vilà-Cabrera
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, UK
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, E08010, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Franklin O, Fransson P, Hofhansl F, Jansen S, Joshi J. Optimal balancing of xylem efficiency and safety explains plant vulnerability to drought. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1485-1496. [PMID: 37330625 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In vast areas of the world, forests and vegetation are water limited and plant survival depends on the ability to avoid catastrophic hydraulic failure. Therefore, it is remarkable that plants take hydraulic risks by operating at water potentials (ψ) that induce partial failure of the water conduits (xylem). Here we present an eco-evolutionary optimality principle for xylem conduit design that explains this phenomenon based on the hypothesis that conductive efficiency and safety are optimally co-adapted to the environment. The model explains the relationship between the tolerance to negative water potential (ψ50 ) and the environmentally dependent minimum ψ (ψmin ) across a large number of species, and along the xylem pathway within individuals of two species studied. The wider hydraulic safety margin in gymnosperms compared to angiosperms can be explained as an adaptation to a higher susceptibility to accumulation of embolism. The model provides a novel optimality-based perspective on the relationship between xylem safety and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Franklin
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Fransson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Hofhansl
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | - Jaideep Joshi
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Complexity Science and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
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12
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Rowland L, Ramírez-Valiente JA, Hartley IP, Mencuccini M. How woody plants adjust above- and below-ground traits in response to sustained drought. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37306017 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Future increases in drought severity and frequency are predicted to have substantial impacts on plant function and survival. However, there is considerable uncertainty concerning what drought adjustment is and whether plants can adjust to sustained drought. This review focuses on woody plants and synthesises the evidence for drought adjustment in a selection of key above-ground and below-ground plant traits. We assess whether evaluating the drought adjustment of single traits, or selections of traits that operate on the same plant functional axis (e.g. photosynthetic traits) is sufficient, or whether a multi-trait approach, integrating across multiple axes, is required. We conclude that studies on drought adjustments in woody plants might overestimate the capacity for adjustment to drier environments if spatial studies along gradients are used, without complementary experimental approaches. We provide evidence that drought adjustment is common in above-ground and below-ground traits; however, whether this is adaptive and sufficient to respond to future droughts remains uncertain for most species. To address this uncertainty, we must move towards studying trait integration within and across multiple axes of plant function (e.g. above-ground and below-ground) to gain a holistic view of drought adjustments at the whole-plant scale and how these influence plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rowland
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | - Iain P Hartley
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Campus de Bellaterra (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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13
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Tavares JV, Oliveira RS, Mencuccini M, Signori-Müller C, Pereira L, Diniz FC, Gilpin M, Marca Zevallos MJ, Salas Yupayccana CA, Acosta M, Pérez Mullisaca FM, Barros FDV, Bittencourt P, Jancoski H, Scalon MC, Marimon BS, Oliveras Menor I, Marimon BH, Fancourt M, Chambers-Ostler A, Esquivel-Muelbert A, Rowland L, Meir P, Lola da Costa AC, Nina A, Sanchez JMB, Tintaya JS, Chino RSC, Baca J, Fernandes L, Cumapa ERM, Santos JAR, Teixeira R, Tello L, Ugarteche MTM, Cuellar GA, Martinez F, Araujo-Murakami A, Almeida E, da Cruz WJA, Del Aguila Pasquel J, Aragāo L, Baker TR, de Camargo PB, Brienen R, Castro W, Ribeiro SC, Coelho de Souza F, Cosio EG, Davila Cardozo N, da Costa Silva R, Disney M, Espejo JS, Feldpausch TR, Ferreira L, Giacomin L, Higuchi N, Hirota M, Honorio E, Huaraca Huasco W, Lewis S, Flores Llampazo G, Malhi Y, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Morandi P, Chama Moscoso V, Muscarella R, Penha D, Rocha MC, Rodrigues G, Ruschel AR, Salinas N, Schlickmann M, Silveira M, Talbot J, Vásquez R, Vedovato L, Vieira SA, Phillips OL, Gloor E, Galbraith DR. Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests. Nature 2023; 617:111-117. [PMID: 37100901 PMCID: PMC10156596 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests face increasing climate risk1,2, yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, [Formula: see text]50) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM50) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk3-5, little is known about how these vary across Earth's largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters [Formula: see text]50 and HSM50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both [Formula: see text]50 and HSM50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM50 forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth-mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM50 in the Amazon6,7, with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Valentim Tavares
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Signori-Müller
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luciano Pereira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Acosta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda de V Barros
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Bittencourt
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Halina Jancoski
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Marina Corrêa Scalon
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Imma Oliveras Menor
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ben Hur Marimon
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Max Fancourt
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert
- School of Geography, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR), Birmingham, UK
| | - Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Alex Nina
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Jose S Tintaya
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | | | - Jean Baca
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | | | - Edwin R M Cumapa
- Instituto de Geociências, Faculdade de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Teixeira
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | - Ligia Tello
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Maira T M Ugarteche
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
- Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Gina A Cuellar
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
- Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Franklin Martinez
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
- Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
- Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Everton Almeida
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | | | - Jhon Del Aguila Pasquel
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Luís Aragāo
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roel Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Wendeson Castro
- Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
- SOS Amazônia, Programa Governança e Proteção da Paisagem Verde na Amazônia, Rio Branco-AC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eric G Cosio
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Richarlly da Costa Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Acre, Campus Baixada do Sol, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Mathias Disney
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Javier Silva Espejo
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Leandro Giacomin
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Niro Higuchi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marina Hirota
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Euridice Honorio
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Walter Huaraca Huasco
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gerardo Flores Llampazo
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
- Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre de Grohmann (UNJBG), Tacna, Peru
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Abel Monteagudo Mendoza
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Peru
| | - Paulo Morandi
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Victor Chama Moscoso
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Peru
| | - Robert Muscarella
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Deliane Penha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Mayda Cecília Rocha
- Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Gleicy Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Norma Salinas
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - Monique Schlickmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu Universitário, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Joey Talbot
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Laura Vedovato
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Simone Aparecida Vieira
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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14
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Anderegg LDL. Why can't we predict traits from the environment? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1998-2004. [PMID: 36308517 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant functional traits are powerful ecological tools, but the relationships between plant traits and climate (or environmental variables more broadly) are often remarkably weak. This presents a paradox: Plant traits govern plant interactions with their environment, but the environment does not strongly predict the traits of plants living there. Unpacking this paradox requires differentiating the mechanisms of trait variation and potential confounds of trait-environment relationships at different evolutionary and ecological scales ranging from within species to among communities. It also necessitates a more integrated understanding of physiological and evolutionary equifinality among many traits and plant strategies, and challenges us to understand how supposedly 'functional' traits integrate into a whole-organism phenotype in ways that may be largely orthogonal to environmental tolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander D L Anderegg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93117, USA
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15
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Ringelberg JJ, Koenen EJ, Sauter B, Aebli A, Rando JG, Iganci JR, de Queiroz LP, Murphy DJ, Gaudeul M, Bruneau A, Luckow M, Lewis GP, Miller JT, Simon MF, Jordão LS, Morales M, Bailey CD, Nageswara-Rao M, Nicholls JA, Loiseau O, Pennington RT, Dexter KG, Zimmermann NE, Hughes CE. Precipitation is the main axis of tropical plant phylogenetic turnover across space and time. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade4954. [PMID: 36800419 PMCID: PMC10957106 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Early natural historians-Comte de Buffon, von Humboldt, and De Candolle-established environment and geography as two principal axes determining the distribution of groups of organisms, laying the foundations for biogeography over the subsequent 200 years, yet the relative importance of these two axes remains unresolved. Leveraging phylogenomic and global species distribution data for Mimosoid legumes, a pantropical plant clade of c. 3500 species, we show that the water availability gradient from deserts to rain forests dictates turnover of lineages within continents across the tropics. We demonstrate that 95% of speciation occurs within a precipitation niche, showing profound phylogenetic niche conservatism, and that lineage turnover boundaries coincide with isohyets of precipitation. We reveal similar patterns on different continents, implying that evolution and dispersal follow universal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens J. Ringelberg
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik J. M. Koenen
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Sauter
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anahita Aebli
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliana G. Rando
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Rua Prof. José Seabra de Lemos, 316, Bairro Recanto dos Pássaros, 47808-021 Barreiras-BA, Brazil
| | - João R. Iganci
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Travessa André Dreyfus s/n, 96010-900 Capão do Leão-RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano P. de Queiroz
- Departamento Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Avenida Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900 Feira de Santana-BA, Brazil
| | - Daniel J. Murphy
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Ave., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Myriam Gaudeul
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), MNHN-CNRS-SU-EPHE-UA, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Anne Bruneau
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale and Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St E, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Melissa Luckow
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, 215 Garden Avenue, Roberts Hall 260, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Gwilym P. Lewis
- Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Joseph T. Miller
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Marcelo F. Simon
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, 70770-901 Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Lucas S. B. Jordão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030 Rua Pacheco Leão-RJ, Brazil
| | - Matías Morales
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, CIRN-CNIA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Universidad de Morón, B1708JPD Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C. Donovan Bailey
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88001, USA
| | - Madhugiri Nageswara-Rao
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - James A. Nicholls
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Oriane Loiseau
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - R. Toby Pennington
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Kyle G. Dexter
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Niklaus E. Zimmermann
- Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Colin E. Hughes
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Zhu LW, Zhao P. Climate-driven sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity and the Huber value but not leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity on a global scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159334. [PMID: 36220474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Efficient water transport is crucial for plant growth and survival. Plant hydraulic conductivity varies between functional groups and biomes and is strongly influenced by changing environmental conditions. However, correlations of conductivity-related hydraulic traits with climatic variables are not fully understood, preventing clarification of plant form and function under climate change scenarios. By compiling leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity (KL), sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and Huber values (Hv, sapwood area to leaf area ratio) along with climatic variables including mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and aridity index (AI) for 428 species across a wide range of plant functional types (PFTs) and biomes at a global scale, we found greater variability of KL within PFTs and biomes than across PFTs and biomes. Interaction effects between PFTs and biomes on KL and Ks were found. The interaction between MAT and MAP played a significant role in Ks and Hv (t = 3.89, P < 0.001 for Ks and t = -5.77, P < 0.001 for Hv). With increasing AI, Ks increased and Hv decreased. KL was not influenced by the investigated climatic variables. Our study provides a better understanding of the dynamics of hydraulic structure and function across functional groups and biomes and of the abiotic drivers of their large-scale variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Zhu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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17
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McCulloh KA, Augustine SP, Goke A, Jordan R, Krieg CP, O’Keefe K, Smith DD. At least it is a dry cold: the global distribution of freeze-thaw and drought stress and the traits that may impart poly-tolerance in conifers. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1-15. [PMID: 36094836 PMCID: PMC9833871 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Conifers inhabit some of the most challenging landscapes where multiple abiotic stressors (e.g., aridity, freezing temperatures) often co-occur. Physiological tolerance to multiple stressors ('poly-tolerance') is thought to be rare because exposure to one stress generally limits responses to another through functional trade-offs. However, the capacity to exhibit poly-tolerance may be greater when combined abiotic stressors have similar physiological impacts, such as the disruption of hydraulic function imposed by drought or freezing. Here, we reviewed empirical data in light of theoretical expectations for conifer adaptations to drought and freeze-thaw cycles with particular attention to hydraulic traits of the stem and leaf. Additionally, we examined the commonality and spatial distribution of poly-stress along indices of these combined stressors. We found that locations with the highest values of our poly-stress index (PSi) are characterized by moderate drought and moderate freeze-thaw, and most of the global conifer distribution occupies areas of moderate poly-stress. Among traits examined, we found diverse responses to the stressors. Turgor loss point did not correlate with freeze-thaw or drought stress individually, but did with the PSi, albeit inverse to what was hypothesized. Leaf mass per area was more strongly linked with drought stress than the poly-stress and not at all with freeze-thaw stress. In stems, the water potential causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity became more negative with increasing drought stress and poly-stress but did not correlate with freeze-thaw stress. For these traits, we identified a striking lack of coverage for substantial portions of species ranges, particularly at the upper boundaries of their respective PSis, demonstrating a critical gap in our understanding of trait prevalence and plasticity along these stress gradients. Future research should investigate traits that confer tolerance to both freeze-thaw and drought stress in a wide range of species across broad geographic scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven P Augustine
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Alex Goke
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Rachel Jordan
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Christopher P Krieg
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kimberly O’Keefe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Saint Edward’s University, Austin, TX 78704, USA
| | - Duncan D Smith
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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18
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Ávila-Lovera E, Winter K, Goldsmith GR. Evidence for phylogenetic signal and correlated evolution in plant-water relation traits. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:392-407. [PMID: 36271615 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary relationships are likely to play a significant role in shaping plant physiological and structural traits observed in contemporary taxa. We review research on phylogenetic signal and correlated evolution in plant-water relation traits, which play important roles in allowing plants to acquire, use, and conserve water. We found more evidence for a phylogenetic signal in structural traits (e.g. stomatal length and stomatal density) than in physiological traits (e.g. stomatal conductance and water potential at turgor loss). Although water potential at turgor loss is the most-studied plant-water relation trait in an evolutionary context, it is the only trait consistently found to not have a phylogenetic signal. Correlated evolution was common among traits related to water movement efficiency and hydraulic safety in both leaves and stems. We conclude that evidence for phylogenetic signal varies depending on: the methodology used for its determination, that is, model-based approaches to determine phylogenetic signal such as Blomberg's K or Pagel's λ vs statistical approaches such as ANOVAs with taxonomic classification as a factor; on the number of taxa studied (size of the phylogeny); and the setting in which plants grow (field vs common garden). More explicitly and consistently considering the role of evolutionary relationships in shaping plant ecophysiology could improve our understanding of how traits compare among species, how traits are coordinated with one another, and how traits vary with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleinis Ávila-Lovera
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Gregory R Goldsmith
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
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19
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Bittencourt PRDL, Bartholomew DC, Banin LF, Bin Suis MAF, Nilus R, Burslem DFRP, Rowland L. Divergence of hydraulic traits among tropical forest trees across topographic and vertical environment gradients in Borneo. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:2183-2198. [PMID: 35633119 PMCID: PMC9545514 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fine-scale topographic-edaphic gradients are common in tropical forests and drive species spatial turnover and marked changes in forest structure and function. We evaluate how hydraulic traits of tropical tree species relate to vertical and horizontal spatial niche specialization along such a gradient. Along a topographic-edaphic gradient with uniform climate in Borneo, we measured six key hydraulic traits in 156 individuals of differing heights in 13 species of Dipterocarpaceae. We investigated how hydraulic traits relate to habitat, tree height and their interaction on this gradient. Embolism resistance increased in trees on sandy soils but did not vary with tree height. By contrast, water transport capacity increased on sandier soils and with increasing tree height. Habitat and height only interact for hydraulic efficiency, with slope for height changing from positive to negative from the clay-rich to the sandier soil. Habitat type influenced trait-trait relationships for all traits except wood density. Our data reveal that variation in the hydraulic traits of dipterocarps is driven by a combination of topographic-edaphic conditions, tree height and taxonomic identity. Our work indicates that hydraulic traits play a significant role in shaping forest structure across topographic-edaphic and vertical gradients and may contribute to niche specialization among dipterocarp species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David C. Bartholomew
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QEUK
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå University90736UmeåSweden
| | | | | | - Reuben Nilus
- Sabah Forestry DepartmentForest Research CentrePO Box 1407Sandakan90715SabahMalaysia
| | | | - Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QEUK
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20
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Báez S, Cayuela L, Macía MJ, Álvarez-Dávila E, Apaza-Quevedo A, Arnelas I, Baca-Cortes N, Bañares de Dios G, Bauters M, Ben Saadi C, Blundo C, Cabrera M, Castaño F, Cayola L, de Aledo JG, Espinosa CI, Fadrique B, Farfán-Rios W, Fuentes A, Garnica-Díaz C, González M, González D, Hensen I, Hurtado AB, Jadán O, Lippok D, Loza MI, Maldonado C, Malizia L, Matas-Granados L, Myers JA, Norden N, Oliveras Menor I, Pierick K, Ramírez-Angulo H, Salgado-Negret B, Schleuning M, Silman M, Solarte-Cruz ME, Tello JS, Verbeeck H, Vilanova E, Weithmann G, Homeier J. FunAndes – A functional trait database of Andean plants. Sci Data 2022; 9:511. [PMID: 35987763 PMCID: PMC9392769 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce the FunAndes database, a compilation of functional trait data for the Andean flora spanning six countries. FunAndes contains data on 24 traits across 2,694 taxa, for a total of 105,466 entries. The database features plant-morphological attributes including growth form, and leaf, stem, and wood traits measured at the species or individual level, together with geographic metadata (i.e., coordinates and elevation). FunAndes follows the field names, trait descriptions and units of measurement of the TRY database. It is currently available in open access in the FIGSHARE data repository, and will be part of TRY’s next release. Open access trait data from Andean plants will contribute to ecological research in the region, the most species rich terrestrial biodiversity hotspot. Measurement(s) | Bark thickness • Leaf area • Leaf aluminium (Al) content per leaf dry mass • Specific leaf area • Leaf calcium (Ca) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf carbon (C) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf carbon (C) isotope signature (delta 13 C) • Leaf compoundness • Leaf dry mass per leaf fresh mass (leaf dry matter content, LDMC) • Leaf magnesium (Mg) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf nitrogen (N) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf nitrogen (N) isotope signature (delta 15 N) • Leaf phosphorus (P) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf potassium (K) content per leaf dry mass • Leaf texture (sclerophylly, physical strength, toughness) • leaf thickness • Plant growth form • Stem conduit cross-sectional area (vessels and tracheids) • Stem conduit density (vessels and tracheids) • Sapwood specific conductivity | Technology Type(s) | bark gauge • Scanner Device • inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy • Calculated from area and mass • CN analyzer • Isotope analyzer • in vivo visual assessment • Ratio of fresh to dry mass • punch tester • micrometer • optical analysis of cross sections with specific software • weight and volume measurement • estimated with equations from wood anatomy | Factor Type(s) | Country • Lat • Long • Elevation • Collection_year | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Tracheophyta | Sample Characteristic - Environment | Andean ecosystems • cloud forest • tropical upper montane forest • tropical lower montane forest • Paramo • Andes | Sample Characteristic - Location | South America • Venezuela • Colombia • Ecuador • Peru • Bolivia • Argentina |
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21
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Serra-Maluquer X, Gazol A, Anderegg WRL, Martínez-Vilalta J, Mencuccini M, Camarero JJ. Wood density and hydraulic traits influence species' growth response to drought across biomes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3871-3882. [PMID: 35124877 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tree species display a wide variety of water-use strategies, growth rates and capacity to tolerate drought. However, if we want to forecast species capacity to cope with increasing aridity and drought, we need to identify which measurable traits confer resilience to drought across species. Here, we use a global tree ring network (65 species; 1931 site series of ring-width indices-RWI) to evaluate the relationship of long-term growth-drought sensitivity (RWI-SPEI drought index relationship) and short-term growth response to extreme drought episodes (resistance, recovery and resilience indices) with functional traits related to leaf, wood and hydraulic properties. Furthermore, we assess the influence of climate (temperature, precipitation and climatic water deficit) on these trait-growth relationships. We found a close correspondence between the long-term relationship between RWI and SPEI and resistance and recovery of tree growth to severe drought episodes. Species displaying a stronger RWI-SPEI relationship to drought and low resistance and high recovery to extreme drought episodes tended to have a higher wood density (WD) and more negative leaf minimum water potential (Ψmin). Such associations were largely maintained when accounting for direct climate effects. Our results indicate that, at a cross-species level and global scale, wood and hydraulic functional traits explain species' growth responses to drought at short- and long-term scales. These trait-growth response relationships can improve our understanding of the cross-species capacity to withstand climate change and inform models to better predict drought effects on forest ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Gazol
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Guo JS, Bush SE, Hultine KR. Temporal variation in stomatal sensitivity to vapor pressure deficit in western riparian forests. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S. Guo
- Arizona Experiment Station, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Susan E. Bush
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Kevin R. Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation, and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA
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23
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Báez S, Fadrique B, Feeley K, Homeier J. Changes in tree functional composition across topographic gradients and through time in a tropical montane forest. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263508. [PMID: 35442987 PMCID: PMC9020722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding variation in tree functional traits along topographic gradients and through time provides insights into the processes that will shape community composition and determine ecosystem functioning. In montane environments, complex topography is known to affect forest structure and composition, yet its role in determining trait composition, indices on community climatic tolerances, and responses to changing environmental conditions has not been fully explored. This study investigates how functional trait composition (characterized as community-weighted moments) and community climatic indices vary for the tree community as a whole and for its separate demographic components (i.e., dying, surviving, recruiting trees) over eight years in a topographically complex tropical Andean forest in southern Ecuador. We identified a strong influence of topography on functional composition and on species' climatic optima, such that communities at lower topographic positions were dominated by acquisitive species adapted to both warmer and wetter conditions compared to communities at upper topographic positions which were dominated by conservative cold adapted species, possibly due to differences in soil conditions and hydrology. Forest functional and climatic composition remained stable through time; and we found limited evidence for trait-based responses to environmental change among demographic groups. Our findings confirm that fine-scale environmental conditions are a critical factor structuring plant communities in tropical forests, and suggest that slow environmental warming and community-based processes may promote short-term community functional stability. This study highlights the need to explore how diverse aspects of community trait composition vary in tropical montane forests, and to further investigate thresholds of forest response to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Báez
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Belén Fadrique
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Feeley
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Department of Plant Ecology, University of Goettingen. Goettingen, Germany
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24
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Anderegg LDL, Griffith DM, Cavender-Bares J, Riley WJ, Berry JA, Dawson TE, Still CJ. Representing plant diversity in land models: An evolutionary approach to make "Functional Types" more functional. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2541-2554. [PMID: 34964527 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants are critical mediators of terrestrial mass and energy fluxes, and their structural and functional traits have profound impacts on local and global climate, biogeochemistry, biodiversity, and hydrology. Yet, Earth System Models (ESMs), our most powerful tools for predicting the effects of humans on the coupled biosphere-atmosphere system, simplify the incredible diversity of land plants into a handful of coarse categories of "Plant Functional Types" (PFTs) that often fail to capture ecological dynamics such as biome distributions. The inclusion of more realistic functional diversity is a recognized goal for ESMs, yet there is currently no consistent, widely accepted way to add diversity to models, that is, to determine what new PFTs to add and with what data to constrain their parameters. We review approaches to representing plant diversity in ESMs and draw on recent ecological and evolutionary findings to present an evolution-based functional type approach for further disaggregating functional diversity. Specifically, the prevalence of niche conservatism, or the tendency of closely related taxa to retain similar ecological and functional attributes through evolutionary time, reveals that evolutionary relatedness is a powerful framework for summarizing functional similarities and differences among plant types. We advocate that Plant Functional Types based on dominant evolutionary lineages ("Lineage Functional Types") will provide an ecologically defensible, tractable, and scalable framework for representing plant diversity in next-generation ESMs, with the potential to improve parameterization, process representation, and model benchmarking. We highlight how the importance of evolutionary history for plant function can unify the work of disparate fields to improve predictive modeling of the Earth system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander D L Anderegg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daniel M Griffith
- US Geological Survey Western Geographic Science Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeannine Cavender-Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - William J Riley
- Climate & Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Joseph A Berry
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Christopher J Still
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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25
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Guillemot J, Martin-StPaul NK, Bulascoschi L, Poorter L, Morin X, Pinho BX, le Maire G, R L Bittencourt P, Oliveira RS, Bongers F, Brouwer R, Pereira L, Gonzalez Melo GA, Boonman CCF, Brown KA, Cerabolini BEL, Niinemets Ü, Onoda Y, Schneider JV, Sheremetiev S, Brancalion PHS. Small and slow is safe: On the drought tolerance of tropical tree species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2622-2638. [PMID: 35007364 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how evolutionary history and the coordination between trait trade-off axes shape the drought tolerance of trees is crucial to predict forest dynamics under climate change. Here, we compiled traits related to drought tolerance and the fast-slow and stature-recruitment trade-off axes in 601 tropical woody species to explore their covariations and phylogenetic signals. We found that xylem resistance to embolism (P50) determines the risk of hydraulic failure, while the functional significance of leaf turgor loss point (TLP) relies on its coordination with water use strategies. P50 and TLP exhibit weak phylogenetic signals and substantial variation within genera. TLP is closely associated with the fast-slow trait axis: slow species maintain leaf functioning under higher water stress. P50 is associated with both the fast-slow and stature-recruitment trait axes: slow and small species exhibit more resistant xylem. Lower leaf phosphorus concentration is associated with more resistant xylem, which suggests a (nutrient and drought) stress-tolerance syndrome in the tropics. Overall, our results imply that (1) drought tolerance is under strong selective pressure in tropical forests, and TLP and P50 result from the repeated evolutionary adaptation of closely related taxa, and (2) drought tolerance is coordinated with the ecological strategies governing tropical forest demography. These findings provide a physiological basis to interpret the drought-induced shift toward slow-growing, smaller, denser-wooded trees observed in the tropics, with implications for forest restoration programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannès Guillemot
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia Bulascoschi
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Morin
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno X Pinho
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAe, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Guerric le Maire
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rens Brouwer
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luciano Pereira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Coline C F Boonman
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerry A Brown
- Department of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK
| | - Bruno E L Cerabolini
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Julio V Schneider
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Gorel AP, Hardy OJ, Dauby G, Dexter KG, Segovia RA, Steppe K, Fayolle A. Climatic niche lability but growth form conservatism in the African woody flora. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1164-1176. [PMID: 35229970 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Climatic niche evolution during the diversification of tropical plants has received little attention in Africa. To address this, we characterised the climatic niche of >4000 tropical African woody species, distinguishing two broad bioclimatic groups (forest vs. savanna) and six subgroups. We quantified niche conservatism versus lability at the genus level and for higher clades, using a molecular phylogeny of >800 genera. Although niche stasis at speciation is prevalent, numerous clades individually cover vast climatic spaces suggesting a general ease in transcending ecological limits, especially across bioclimatic subgroups. The forest biome was the main source of diversity, providing many lineages to savanna, but reverse shifts also occurred. We identified clades that diversified in savanna after shifts from forest. The forest-savanna transition was not consistently associated with a growth form change, though we found evolutionarily labile clades whose presence in forest or savanna is associated respectively with climbing or shrubby species diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs-Pasiphaé Gorel
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier J Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculté Des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Dauby
- AMAP, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- Tropical School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ricardo A Segovia
- Instituto de Ecologia y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Kat, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adeline Fayolle
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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Kawai K, Minagi K, Nakamura T, Saiki ST, Yazaki K, Ishida A. Parenchyma underlies the interspecific variation of xylem hydraulics and carbon storage across 15 woody species on a subtropical island in Japan. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:337-350. [PMID: 34328187 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Parenchyma is an important component of the secondary xylem. It has multiple functions and its fraction is known to vary substantially across angiosperm species. However, the physiological significance of this variation is not yet fully understood. Here, we examined how different types of parenchyma (ray parenchyma [RP], axial parenchyma [AP] and AP in direct contact with vessels [APV]) are coordinated with three essential xylem functions: water conduction, storage of non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) and mechanical support. Using branch sapwood of 15 co-occurring drought-adapted woody species from the subtropical Bonin Islands, Japan, we quantified 10 xylem anatomical traits and examined their linkages to hydraulic properties, storage of soluble sugars and starch and sapwood density. The fractions of APV and AP in the xylem transverse sections were positively correlated with the percentage loss of conductivity in the native condition, whereas that of RP was negatively correlated with the maximum conductivity across species. Axial and ray parenchyma fractions were positively associated with concentrations of starch and NSC. The fraction of parenchyma was independent of sapwood density, regardless of parenchyma type. We also identified a negative relationship between hydraulic conductivity and NSC storage and sapwood density, mirroring the negative relationship between the fractions of parenchyma and vessels. These results suggest that parenchyma fraction underlies species variation in xylem hydraulic and carbon use strategies, wherein xylem with a high fraction of AP may adopt an embolism repair strategy through an increased starch storage with low cavitation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyosada Kawai
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2 509-3 Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
- Forestry Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ohwashi 1-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Kanji Minagi
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2 509-3 Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nakamura
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2 509-3 Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Shin-Taro Saiki
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yazaki
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
- Soil-Plant Ecosystem Group, Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitsujigaoka 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2 509-3 Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
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Ganthaler A, Bär A, Dämon B, Losso A, Nardini A, Dullin C, Tromba G, von Arx G, Mayr S. Alpine dwarf shrubs show high proportions of nonfunctional xylem: Visualization and quantification of species-specific patterns. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:55-68. [PMID: 34783044 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Xylem conductive capacity is a key determinant of plant hydraulic function and intimately linked to photosynthesis and productivity, but can be impeded by temporary or permanent conduit dysfunctions. Here we show that persistent xylem dysfunctions in unstressed plants are frequent in Alpine dwarf shrubs and occur in various but species-specific cross-sectional patterns. Combined synchrotron micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging, xylem staining, and flow measurements in saturated samples of six widespread Ericaceae species evidence a high proportion (19%-50%) of hydraulically nonfunctional xylem areas in the absence of drought stress, with regular distribution of dysfunctions between or within growth rings. Dysfunctions were only partly reversible and reduced the specific hydraulic conductivity to 1.38 to 3.57 ×10-4 m2 s-1 MPa-1 . Decommission of inner growth rings was clearly related to stem age and a higher vulnerability to cavitation of older rings, while the high proportion of nonfunctional conduits in each annual ring needs further investigations. The lower the xylem fraction contributing to the transport function, the higher was the hydraulic efficiency of conducting xylem areas. Improved understanding of the functional lifespan of xylem elements and the prevalence and nature of dysfunctions is critical to correctly assess structure-function relationships and whole-plant hydraulic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ganthaler
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bär
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Dämon
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adriano Losso
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Christian Dullin
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, Italy
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Georg von Arx
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Mayr
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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29
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An N, Lu N, Fu B, Wang M, He N. Distinct Responses of Leaf Traits to Environment and Phylogeny Between Herbaceous and Woody Angiosperm Species in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:799401. [PMID: 34950176 PMCID: PMC8688848 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.799401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf traits play key roles in plant resource acquisition and ecosystem processes; however, whether the effects of environment and phylogeny on leaf traits differ between herbaceous and woody species remains unclear. To address this, in this study, we collected data for five key leaf traits from 1,819 angiosperm species across 530 sites in China. The leaf traits included specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf area, leaf N concentration, and leaf P concentration, all of which are closely related to trade-offs between resource uptake and leaf construction. We quantified the relative contributions of environment variables and phylogeny to leaf trait variation for all species, as well as for herbaceous and woody species separately. We found that environmental factors explained most of the variation (44.4-65.5%) in leaf traits (compared with 3.9-23.3% for phylogeny). Climate variability and seasonality variables, in particular, mean temperature of the warmest and coldest seasons of a year (MTWM/MTWQ and MTCM/MTCQ) and mean precipitation in the wettest and driest seasons of a year (MPWM/MPWQ and MPDM/MPDQ), were more important drivers of leaf trait variation than mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). Furthermore, the responses of leaf traits to environment variables and phylogeny differed between herbaceous and woody species. Our study demonstrated the different effects of environment variables and phylogeny on leaf traits among different plant growth forms, which is expected to advance the understanding of plant adaptive strategies and trait evolution under different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan An
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Martínez-Vilalta J, Santiago LS, Poyatos R, Badiella L, de Cáceres M, Aranda I, Delzon S, Vilagrosa A, Mencuccini M. Towards a statistically robust determination of minimum water potential and hydraulic risk in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:404-417. [PMID: 34153132 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Minimum water potential (Ψmin ) is a key variable for characterizing dehydration tolerance and hydraulic safety margins (HSMs) in plants. Ψmin is usually estimated as the absolute minimum tissue Ψ experienced by a species, but this is problematic because sample extremes are affected by sample size and the underlying probability distribution. We compare alternative approaches to estimate Ψmin and assess the corresponding uncertainties and biases; propose statistically robust estimation methods based on extreme value theory (EVT); and assess the implications of our results for the characterization of hydraulic risk. Our results show that current estimates of Ψmin and HSMs are biased, as they are strongly affected by sample size. Because sampling effort is generally higher for species living in dry environments, the differences in current Ψmin estimates between these species and those living under milder conditions are partly artefactual. When this bias is corrected using EVT methods, resulting HSMs tend to increase substantially with resistance to embolism across species. Although data availability and representativeness remain the main challenges for proper determination of Ψmin , a closer look at Ψ distributions and the use of statistically robust methods to estimate Ψmin opens new ground for characterizing plant hydraulic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
| | - Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
| | - Llorenç Badiella
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
| | - Miquel de Cáceres
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Solsona, 25280, Spain
| | - Ismael Aranda
- Centro de Investigación Forestal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Carretera Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid, E-28040, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- CEAM Foundation, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, Dept Ecology, University of Alicante, Carr. de San Vicente del Raspeig, PO Box 99, Alicante, 03080, Spain
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, E08193, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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31
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Trade-offs among transport, support, and storage in xylem from shrubs in a semiarid chaparral environment tested with structural equation modeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2104336118. [PMID: 34389676 PMCID: PMC8379947 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104336118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant vascular systems play a central role in global water and carbon cycles and drought resistance. These vascular systems perform multiple functions that affect the fitness of plants, and trade-offs are present among these functions. Some trade-offs are well established, but studies have not examined the full suite of functions of these complex systems. Here, we used a powerful multivariate method, structural equation modeling, to test hypotheses about the trade-offs that govern this vital and globally important tissue. We show that xylem traits are broadly governed by trade-offs related to transport, mechanical support, and storage, which are rooted in cellular structure, and that the level of dehydration experienced by plants in the field exerts a strong influence over these relationships. The xylem in plants is specialized to transport water, mechanically support the plant body, and store water and carbohydrates. Balancing these functions leads to trade-offs that are linked to xylem structure. We proposed a multivariate hypothesis regarding the main xylem functions and tested it using structural equation modeling. We sampled 29 native shrub species from field sites in semiarid Southern California. We quantified xylem water transport (embolism resistance and transport efficiency), mechanical strength, storage of water (capacitance) and starch, minimum hydrostatic pressures (Pmin), and proportions of fibers, vessels, and parenchyma, which were treated as a latent variable representing “cellular trade-offs.” We found that xylem functions (transport, mechanical support, water storage, and starch storage) were independent, a result driven by Pmin. Pmin was strongly and directly or indirectly associated with all xylem functions as a hub trait. More negative Pmin was associated with increased embolism resistance and tissue strength and reduced capacitance and starch storage. We found strong support for a trade-off between embolism resistance and transport efficiency. Tissue strength was not directly associated with embolism resistance or transport efficiency, and any associations were indirect involving Pmin. With Pmin removed from the model, cellular trade-offs were central and related to all other traits. We conclude that xylem traits are broadly governed by functional trade-offs and that the Pmin experienced by plants in the field exerts a strong influence over these relationships. Angiosperm xylem contains different cell types that contribute to different functions and that underpin trade-offs.
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32
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Fuchs S, Leuschner C, Mathias Link R, Schuldt B. Hydraulic variability of three temperate broadleaf tree species along a water availability gradient in central Europe. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1387-1400. [PMID: 33964029 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant hydraulic traits are key for understanding and predicting tree drought responses. Information about the degree of the traits' intra-specific variability may guide the selection of drought-resistant genotypes and is crucial for trait-based modelling approaches. For the three temperate minor broadleaf tree species Acer platanoides, Carpinus betulus and Tilia cordata, we measured xylem embolism resistance (P50 ), leaf turgor loss point (PTLP ), specific hydraulic conductivity (KS ), Huber values (HVs), and hydraulic safety margins in adult trees across a precipitation gradient. We further quantified trait variability on different organizational levels (inter-specific to within-canopy variation), and analysed its relationship to climatic and soil water availability. Although we observed a certain intra-specific trait variability (ITV) in safety-related traits (P50 , PTLP ) with higher within-tree and between-tree than between populations variability, the magnitude was small compared to inter-specific differences, which explained 78.4% and 58.3% of the variance in P50 and PTLP , respectively. In contrast, efficiency-related traits (KS , HV) showed a high ITV both within populations and within the crowns of single trees. Surprisingly, the observed ITV of all traits was neither driven by climatic nor soil water availability. In conclusion, the high degree of conservatism in safety-related traits highlights their potential for trait-based modelling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Fuchs
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Goettingen, 37073, Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Goettingen, 37073, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Roman Mathias Link
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Goettingen, 37073, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Goettingen, 37073, Germany
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33
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Flo V, Martínez-Vilalta J, Mencuccini M, Granda V, Anderegg WRL, Poyatos R. Climate and functional traits jointly mediate tree water-use strategies. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:617-630. [PMID: 33893652 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tree water use is central to plant function and ecosystem fluxes. However, it is still unknown how organ-level water-relations traits are coordinated to determine whole-tree water-use strategies in response to drought, and whether this coordination depends on climate. Here we used a global sap flow database (SAPFLUXNET) to study the response of water use, in terms of whole-tree canopy conductance (G), to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and to soil water content (SWC) for 142 tree species. We investigated the individual and coordinated effect of six water-relations traits (vulnerability to embolism, Huber value, hydraulic conductivity, turgor-loss point, rooting depth and leaf size) on water-use parameters, also accounting for the effect of tree height and climate (mean annual precipitation, MAP). Reference G and its sensitivity to VPD were tightly coordinated with water-relations traits rather than with MAP. Species with efficient xylem transport had higher canopy conductance but also higher sensitivity to VPD. Moreover, we found that angiosperms had higher reference G and higher sensitivity to VPD than did gymnosperms. Our results highlight the need to consider trait integration and reveal the complications and challenges of defining a single, whole-plant resource use spectrum ranging from 'acquisitive' to 'conservative'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Flo
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Univ Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Univ Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Victor Granda
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - William R L Anderegg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- Univ Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, 08193, Spain
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34
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Kaack L, Weber M, Isasa E, Karimi Z, Li S, Pereira L, Trabi CL, Zhang Y, Schenk HJ, Schuldt B, Schmidt V, Jansen S. Pore constrictions in intervessel pit membranes provide a mechanistic explanation for xylem embolism resistance in angiosperms. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1829-1843. [PMID: 33595117 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Embolism spreading in angiosperm xylem occurs via mesoporous pit membranes between vessels. Here, we investigate how the size of pore constrictions in pit membranes is related to pit membrane thickness and embolism resistance. Pit membranes were modelled as multiple layers to investigate how pit membrane thickness and the number of intervessel pits per vessel determine pore constriction sizes, the probability of encountering large pores, and embolism resistance. These estimations were complemented by measurements of pit membrane thickness, embolism resistance, and number of intervessel pits per vessel in stem xylem (n = 31, 31 and 20 species, respectively). The modelled constriction sizes in pit membranes decreased with increasing membrane thickness, explaining the measured relationship between pit membrane thickness and embolism resistance. The number of pits per vessel affected constriction size and embolism resistance much less than pit membrane thickness. Moreover, a strong relationship between modelled and measured embolism resistance was observed. Pore constrictions provide a mechanistic explanation for why pit membrane thickness determines embolism resistance, which suggests that hydraulic safety can be uncoupled from hydraulic efficiency. Although embolism spreading remains puzzling and encompasses more than pore constriction sizes, angiosperms are unlikely to have leaky pit membranes, which enables tensile transport of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Kaack
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Matthias Weber
- Institute of Stochastics, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 18, Ulm, D-89069, Germany
| | - Emilie Isasa
- Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Zohreh Karimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Shahid Beheshti St., Gorgan, 15759-49138, Iran
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Luciano Pereira
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Christophe L Trabi
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Beijingdong Road 1, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - H Jochen Schenk
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, 92834-6850, USA
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, Würzburg, D-97082, Germany
| | - Volker Schmidt
- Institute of Stochastics, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 18, Ulm, D-89069, Germany
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
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35
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García-Valdés R, Vayreda J, Retana J, Martínez-Vilalta J. Low forest productivity associated with increasing drought-tolerant species is compensated by an increase in drought-tolerance richness. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2113-2127. [PMID: 33511746 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many temperate forests are changing in composition due to a combination of changes in land-use, management and climate-related disturbances. Previous research has shown that in some regions these changes frequently favour drought-tolerant tree species. However, the effects of these changes in composition on forest functioning (e.g. productivity) are unclear. We studied 25 years of change in individual tree biomass growth, ingrowth and mortality, and community composition and total plot biomass across 2663 permanent forest plots in Catalonia (NE Spain) comprising 85,220 trees of 59 species. We focused on the relationship between community-level forest productivity and drought tolerance (DT), which was estimated using hydraulic traits as well as biogeographic indicators. We found that there was a small increase (1.6%-3.2% on average) in community-mean DT (DTcwm) during the study period, concurrent with a strong increase (12.4%-19.4% on average) in DT richness (DTric; i.e. trait range). Most importantly, we found that the mean DT was negatively related to forest productivity, which was explained because drought-tolerant tree species have lower tree-level growth. In contrast, DT richness was strongly and positively related to forest productivity, probably because it allowed for a more stable production along wet and dry periods. These results suggest a negative impact of ongoing climate change on forest productivity mediated by functional composition shifts (i.e. selection of drought-tolerant species), and a positive effect of increased DT richness as a consequence of land-use legacies. Such a trend towards functional diversification, although temporary, would increase forests' capacity to resist drought and place them in a better position to face the expected change in climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl García-Valdés
- Centre of Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Bellaterra, Spain
- University Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Joint Research Unit Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC) - AGROTECNIO, Solsona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vayreda
- Centre of Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Javier Retana
- Centre of Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Bellaterra, Spain
- University Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- Centre of Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Bellaterra, Spain
- University Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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36
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Yan CL, Ni MY, Cao KF, Zhu SD. Leaf hydraulic safety margin and safety-efficiency trade-off across angiosperm woody species. Biol Lett 2020; 16:20200456. [PMID: 33202185 PMCID: PMC7728672 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf hydraulic conductance and the vulnerability to water deficits have profound effects on plant distribution and mortality. In this study, we compiled a leaf hydraulic trait dataset with 311 species-at-site combinations from biomes worldwide. These traits included maximum leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf), water potential at 50% loss of Kleaf (P50leaf), and minimum leaf water potential (Ψmin). Leaf hydraulic safety margin (HSMleaf) was calculated as the difference between Ψmin and P50leaf. Our results indicated that 70% of the studied species had a narrow HSMleaf (less than 1 MPa), which was consistent with the global pattern of stem hydraulic safety margin. There was a positive relationship between HSMleaf and aridity index (the ratio of mean annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration), as species from humid sites tended to have larger HSMleaf. We found a significant relationship between Kleaf and P50leaf across global angiosperm woody species and within each of the different plant groups. This global analysis of leaf hydraulic traits improves our understanding of plant hydraulic response to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road 10 0, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Resource Recycling, Wuzhou University, Fuminsan Road 82, Wuzhou, Guangxi 543000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yuan Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road 10 0, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road 10 0, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, Guangxi University, Daxuedong Road 10 0, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
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