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Silverberg JI, Boguniewicz M, Quintana FJ, Clark RA, Gross L, Hirano I, Tallman AM, Brown PM, Fredericks D, Rubenstein DS, McHale KA. Tapinarof validates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a therapeutic target: A clinical review. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 154:1-10. [PMID: 38154665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that has wide-ranging roles, including regulation of inflammation and homeostasis. AhR is not a cell surface receptor; rather, it exists in a cytoplasmic complex that responds to a wide variety of structurally dissimilar endogenous, microbial, and environmental ligands. The ubiquitous expression of AhR, its ability to be activated by a wide range of ligands, and its capacity to act as a master regulator for gene expression and homeostasis make it a promising new therapeutic target. Clinical trials of tapinarof cream have now validated AhR agonism as a therapeutic approach that can deliver significant efficacy for treating inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Tapinarof 1% cream is a first-in-class, nonsteroidal, topical, AhR agonist with a pharmacokinetic profile that results in localized exposure at sites of disease, avoiding systemic safety concerns, drug interactions, or off-target effects. Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis both involve epidermal inflammation, cellular immune responses, dysregulation of skin barrier protein expression, and oxidative stress. On the basis of the clinical effectiveness of tapinarof cream for treating inflammatory skin diseases, we review how targeting AhR may offer a significant opportunity in other conditions that share key aspects of pathogenesis, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, ophthalmic, and nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Boguniewicz
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | | | - Lara Gross
- Dallas Allergy and Asthma Center, and the Allergy and Immunology Division, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Tex
| | - Ikuo Hirano
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
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Grishanova AY, Perepechaeva ML. Kynurenic Acid/AhR Signaling at the Junction of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6933. [PMID: 39000041 PMCID: PMC11240928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Persistent systemic chronic inflammatory conditions are linked with many pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a leading cause of death across the globe. Among various risk factors, one of the new possible contributors to CVDs is the metabolism of essential amino acid tryptophan. Proinflammatory signals promote tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine (KYN) pathway (KP), thereby resulting in the biosynthesis of several immunomodulatory metabolites whose biological effects are associated with the development of symptoms and progression of various inflammatory diseases. Some participants in the KP are agonists of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a central player in a signaling pathway that, along with a regulatory influence on the metabolism of environmental xenobiotics, performs a key immunomodulatory function by triggering various cellular mechanisms with the participation of endogenous ligands to alleviate inflammation. An AhR ligand with moderate affinity is the central metabolite of the KP: KYN; one of the subsequent metabolites of KYN-kynurenic acid (KYNA)-is a more potent ligand of AhR. Understanding the role of AhR pathway-related metabolites of the KP that regulate inflammatory factors in cells of the cardiovascular system is interesting and important for achieving effective treatment of CVDs. The purpose of this review was to summarize the results of studies about the participation of the KP metabolite-KYNA-and of the AhR signaling pathway in the regulation of inflammation in pathological conditions of the heart and blood vessels and about the possible interaction of KYNA with AhR signaling in some CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria L. Perepechaeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia;
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Bhalla D, van Noort V. Molecular Evolution of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Pathway Genes. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:628-646. [PMID: 37392220 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor is an ancient transcriptional factor originally discovered as a sensor of dioxin. In addition to its function as a receptor of environmental toxicants, it plays an important role in development. Although a significant amount of research has been carried out to understand the AHR signal transduction pathway and its involvement in species' susceptibility to environmental toxicants, none of them to date has comprehensively studied its evolutionary origins. Studying the evolutionary origins of molecules can inform ancestral relationships of genes. The vertebrate genome has been shaped by two rounds of whole-genome duplications (WGD) at the base of vertebrate evolution approximately 600 million years ago, followed by lineage-specific gene losses, which often complicate the assignment of orthology. It is crucial to understand the evolutionary origins of this transcription factor and its partners, to distinguish orthologs from ancient non-orthologous homologs. In this study, we have investigated the evolutionary origins of proteins involved in the AHR pathway. Our results provide evidence of gene loss and duplications, crucial for understanding the functional connectivity of humans and model species. Multiple studies have shown that 2R-ohnologs (genes and proteins that have survived from the 2R-WGD) are enriched in signaling components relevant to developmental disorders and cancer. Our findings provide a link between the AHR pathway's evolutionary trajectory and its potential mechanistic involvement in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Bhalla
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vera van Noort
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Huang W, Rui K, Wang X, Peng N, Zhou W, Shi X, Lu L, Hu D, Tian J. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in immune regulation and autoimmune pathogenesis. J Autoimmun 2023; 138:103049. [PMID: 37229809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As a ligand-activated transcription factor, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is activated by structurally diverse ligands derived from the environment, diet, microorganisms, and metabolic activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that AhR plays a key role in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Moreover, AhR regulates innate immune and lymphoid cell differentiation and function, which is involved in autoimmune pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanism of activation of AhR and its mediated functional regulation in various innate immune and lymphoid cell populations, as well as the immune-regulatory effect of AhR in the development of autoimmune diseases. In addition, we highlight the identification of AhR agonists and antagonists that may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, China
| | - Dajun Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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Dorobisz K, Dorobisz T, Zatoński T. The Microbiome's Influence on Head and Neck Cancers. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:163-171. [PMID: 36696075 PMCID: PMC9947050 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Head and neck tumors (HNC) rank sixth among cancers worldwide. Due to their late diagnosis and poor prognosis, they are a clinical challenge. However, recent years have seen a dynamic development of science on the microbiome. The aim of the study is to discuss the role of the microbiome in HNC, the impact of the microbiome on oncogenesis, the course of the disease, as well as on treatment, and its toxicity. RECENT FINDINGS The microbiome's influence on oncogenesis, the course of the disease, and the effectiveness of oncological treatment have been confirmed in cancers of the colon, pancreas, lungs, and prostate. There is no solid literature on HNC. Many studies indicate disruption of the oral microbiome and periodontal disease as potential cancer risk factors. Disruption of the microbiome increases radiotherapy's toxicity, intensifying radiation reactions. The microbiome plays an important role in cancer. It is a new target in research into new therapies. It may also be a prognostic marker of cancer development. Changes in the composition of the microbiome modulate the effectiveness of oncological treatment. More research is needed on the microbiome and its effects on HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dorobisz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Dorobisz
- Department of Vascular and General Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Zatoński
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland.
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Martin NR, Patel R, Kossack ME, Tian L, Camarillo MA, Cintrón-Rivera LG, Gawdzik JC, Yue MS, Nwagugo FO, Elemans LMH, Plavicki JS. Proper modulation of AHR signaling is necessary for establishing neural connectivity and oligodendrocyte precursor cell development in the embryonic zebrafish brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1032302. [PMID: 36523606 PMCID: PMC9745199 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1032302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-[p]-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent global pollutant that exhibits a high affinity for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand activated transcription factor. Epidemiological studies have associated AHR agonist exposure with multiple human neuropathologies. Consistent with the human data, research studies using laboratory models have linked pollutant-induced AHR activation to disruptions in learning and memory as well as motor impairments. Our understanding of endogenous AHR functions in brain development is limited and, correspondingly, scientists are still determining which cell types and brain regions are sensitive to AHR modulation. To identify novel phenotypes resulting from pollutant-induced AHR activation and ahr2 loss of function, we utilized the optically transparent zebrafish model. Early embryonic TCDD exposure impaired embryonic brain morphogenesis, resulted in ventriculomegaly, and disrupted neural connectivity in the optic tectum, habenula, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb. Altered neural network formation was accompanied by reduced expression of synaptic vesicle 2. Loss of ahr2 function also impaired nascent network development, but did not affect gross brain or ventricular morphology. To determine whether neural AHR activation was sufficient to disrupt connectivity, we used the Gal4/UAS system to express a constitutively active AHR specifically in differentiated neurons and observed disruptions only in the cerebellum; thus, suggesting that the phenotypes resulting from global AHR activation likely involve multiple cell types. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that TCDD exposure reduced the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and their derivatives. Together, our findings indicate that proper modulation of AHR signaling is necessary for the growth and maturation of the embryonic zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Martin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ratna Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Michelle E. Kossack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Lucy Tian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Manuel A. Camarillo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Layra G. Cintrón-Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Joseph C. Gawdzik
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Monica S. Yue
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Favour O. Nwagugo
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Loes M. H. Elemans
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jessica S. Plavicki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States,*Correspondence: Jessica S. Plavicki,
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Assessment of the In Vitro Cytotoxic Profile of Two Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics-Tetracycline and Ampicillin-On Pharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58091289. [PMID: 36143966 PMCID: PMC9505149 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In spite of the fact that antibiotics are considered to be the cornerstone of modern medicine, their use in the treatment of cancer remains controversial. In the present study, the main objective was to examine the effects of two antibiotics—tetracycline and ampicillin—on the viability, morphology, migration, and organization and structure of the nuclei and the actin fiber network of pharyngeal carcinoma cells—Detroit-562. Materials and Methods: In order to determine the viability of the cells, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method was applied after the cells were stimulated with five concentrations of tetracycline and ampicillin (10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 μM) for 72 h. A scratch assay was used to assess the migration ability of the cells. For the visualization of the nuclei and actin fibers, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (Dapi) and Rhodamine-Phalloidin were used. Results: There are different effects of tetracycline and ampicillin. Thus, tetracycline: (i) exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect, decreasing cell viability to approximately 46%; (ii) inhibits cellular migration up to 16% compared to 60% for control cells; and (iii) induces changes in cell morphology as well as apoptotic changes in the nucleus and F-actin fibers. In contrast, in the case of ampicillin, an increase in viability up to 113% was observed at 10 μM, while a decrease in viability up to approximately 94% was observed at the highest concentration tested (100 μM). Conclusions: The results indicated a different effect regarding the impact on pharyngeal carcinoma cells. Thus, tetracycline has a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect, while in the case of ampicillin a slight stimulation of cell viability was observed.
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McCarthy CE, Duffney PF, Nogales A, Post CM, Lawrence BP, Martinez-Sobrido L, Thatcher TH, Phipps RP, Sime PJ. Dung biomass smoke exposure impairs resolution of inflammatory responses to influenza infection. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 450:116160. [PMID: 35817128 PMCID: PMC10211473 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies associate biomass smoke with an increased risk for respiratory infections in children and adults in the developing world, with 500,000 premature deaths each year attributed to biomass smoke-related acute respiratory infections including infections caused by respiratory viruses. Animal dung is a biomass fuel of particular concern because it generates more toxic compounds per amount burned than wood, and is a fuel of last resort for the poorest households. Currently, there is little biological evidence on the effects of dung biomass smoke exposure on immune responses to respiratory viral infections. Here, we investigated the impact of dung biomass exposure on respiratory infection using a mouse model of dung biomass smoke and cultured primary human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs). Mice infected with influenza A virus (IAV) after dung biomass smoke exposure had increased mortality, lung inflammation and virus mRNA levels, and suppressed expression of innate anti-viral mediators compared to air exposed mice. Importantly, there was still significant tissue inflammation 14 days after infection in dung biomass smoke-exposed mice even after inflammation had resolved in air-exposed mice. Dung biomass smoke exposure also suppressed the production of anti-viral cytokines and interferons in cultured SAECs treated with poly(I:C) or IAV. This study shows that dung biomass smoke exposure impairs the immune response to respiratory viruses and contributes to biomass smoke-related susceptibility to respiratory viral infections, likely due to a failure to resolve the inflammatory effects of biomass smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parker F Duffney
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Health Assessment Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christina M Post
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, New York, United States
| | - B Paige Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, New York, United States
| | | | - Thomas H Thatcher
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Patricia J Sime
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Lee J, Cha J, Yoon SJ, Hong S, Khim JS. Instrumental and bioanalytical characterization of dioxin-like activity in sediments from the Yeongsan River and the Nakdong River estuaries, South Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154240. [PMID: 35245540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the contamination status of dioxin-like chemicals (DLCs) and potential toxic effects associated with river and coastal sediments from two large estuaries of South Korea. Sediments collected from the Yeongsan River and the Nakdong River estuaries were analyzed for several DLCs, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Greater concentrations of target DLCs (except for PCDDs in Nakdong River) were found in the inland creeks with decreasing trends towards estuarine and coastal areas in both regions. The result indicated that the elevated DLCs were attributable to the surrounding land use activities, such as point sources of industrial and municipal areas from the inland regions. Principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization model revealed that major sources of PCDD/Fs and PAHs in sediments were fly ash and dust, and petroleum and diesel emission, respectively. The dioxin-like activities of the sediments ranged from 0.98 to 88% of the maximal induction elicited by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, which generally explained the sedimentary contamination by the target DLCs. Dioxin-like activity in sediments from the artificial lake and inland creek of the Nakdong River Estuary was mostly explained by the targeted DLCs (~75%). However, the contribution of known DLCs from the sediments of the Yeongsan River Estuary was relatively low (~35%) compared to that of the Nakdong River Estuary, suggesting the presence of unknown DLCs in sediments. Overall, the distribution of DLCs quite varied by region, generally reflecting the difference in the surrounding land use activity. In the future, it is needed to study the distribution, sources, and potential ecological effects of unknown toxic substances in coastal sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Cha
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Frank DN, Qiu Y, Cao Y, Zhang S, Lu L, Kofonow JM, Robertson CE, Liu Y, Wang H, Levens CL, Kuhn KA, Song J, Ramakrishnan VR, Lu SL. A dysbiotic microbiome promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:1269-1280. [PMID: 35087236 PMCID: PMC8882136 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported dysbiotic oral microbiota and tumor-resident bacteria in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We aimed to identify and validate oral microbial signatures in treatment-naïve HNSCC patients compared with healthy control subjects. We confirm earlier reports that the relative abundances of Lactobacillus spp. and Neisseria spp. are elevated and diminished, respectively, in human HNSCC. In parallel, we examined the disease-modifying effects of microbiota in HNSCC, through both antibiotic depletion of microbiota in an induced HNSCC mouse model (4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide, 4NQO) and reconstitution of tumor-associated microbiota in a germ-free orthotopic mouse model. We demonstrate that depletion of microbiota delays oral tumorigenesis, while microbiota transfer from mice with oral cancer accelerates tumorigenesis. Enrichment of Lactobacillus spp. was also observed in murine HNSCC, and activation of the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor was documented in both murine and human tumors. Together, our findings support the hypothesis that dysbiosis promotes HNSCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First University Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer M Kofonow
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Charles E Robertson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cassandra L Levens
- Division of Rheumatology and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristine A Kuhn
- Division of Rheumatology and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vijay R Ramakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Shi-Long Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Gandhi GR, Jothi G, Mohana T, Vasconcelos ABS, Montalvão MM, Hariharan G, Sridharan G, Kumar PM, Gurgel RQ, Li HB, Zhang J, Gan RY. Anti-inflammatory natural products as potential therapeutic agents of rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153766. [PMID: 34624807 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease causing severe locomotor disability and deterioration in the quality of life. Existing treatments for RA mainly focus on the use of immunomodulators and the suppression of synovial inflammation, and many have significant side effects. Medicinal plants are regarded as important alternative sources for treating RA. PURPOSE This review summarizes the bioactive compounds of medicinal plants, which have been shown to modulate the immune response by regulating interleukins in vitro and in vivo experimental models, and that may be promising substances for use in the treatment of RA. METHODS Articles on natural products used for the management of arthritis were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science through electronic and manual search in English. In total, 576 publications were identified, and 34 were included in this systematic review. RESULTS Two articles presented findings on the role of natural components in the treatment of arthritis in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Nine reports defined the role of plant-derived natural molecules in the treatment of arthritis using cell lines, and 27 in vivo studies assessed the anti-arthritic efficacy and immunomodulation effects of phytoconstituents on interleukin production and inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION This systematic review broadly reports that, in contrast to other classes of phytochemicals, flavonoids have the greatest therapeutic potential against arthritis by modulating the expression of pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-2 and IL-10 cytokines, through the suppression of dynamic inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 600103, China; Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento Campus, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil
| | - Gnanasekaran Jothi
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620005, India
| | - Thiruchenduran Mohana
- Department of Biochemistry, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Kundrathur, Chennai 600069, India
| | - Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos
- Postgraduate Program of Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Campus São Cristóvão, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Monalisa Martins Montalvão
- Postgraduate Program of Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Campus São Cristóvão, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Govindasamy Hariharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620005, India
| | - Gurunagarajan Sridharan
- Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620005, India
| | - Perumal Madan Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Ricardo Querioz Gurgel
- Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento Campus, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 600103, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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12
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Li X, Xu H, Huang J, Luo D, Lv S, Lu X, Xiao C. Dysfunctions, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Strategies of Regulatory T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:716081. [PMID: 34512345 PMCID: PMC8428974 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.716081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a distinct subpopulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes that promote immune tolerance and maintain immune system homeostasis. The dysfunction of Tregs is tightly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although the complex pathogenic processes of RA remain unclear, studies on Tregs in RA have achieved substantial progress not only in fundamental research but also in clinical application. This review discusses the current knowledge of the characterizations, functions, and molecular mechanisms of Tregs in the pathogenesis of RA, and potential therapies for these disorders are also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Li
- The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research of Chinese Medicine on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Lv
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangchen Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Segner H, Bailey C, Tafalla C, Bo J. Immunotoxicity of Xenobiotics in Fish: A Role for the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR)? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179460. [PMID: 34502366 PMCID: PMC8430475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of anthropogenic contaminants on the immune system of fishes is an issue of growing concern. An important xenobiotic receptor that mediates effects of chemicals, such as halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Fish toxicological research has focused on the role of this receptor in xenobiotic biotransformation as well as in causing developmental, cardiac, and reproductive toxicity. However, biomedical research has unraveled an important physiological role of the AhR in the immune system, what suggests that this receptor could be involved in immunotoxic effects of environmental contaminants. The aims of the present review are to critically discuss the available knowledge on (i) the expression and possible function of the AhR in the immune systems of teleost fishes; and (ii) the impact of AhR-activating xenobiotics on the immune systems of fish at the levels of immune gene expression, immune cell proliferation and immune cell function, immune pathology, and resistance to infectious disease. The existing information indicates that the AhR is expressed in the fish immune system, but currently, we have little understanding of its physiological role. Exposure to AhR-activating contaminants results in the modulation of numerous immune structural and functional parameters of fish. Despite the diversity of fish species studied and the experimental conditions investigated, the published findings rather uniformly point to immunosuppressive actions of xenobiotic AhR ligands in fish. These effects are often associated with increased disease susceptibility. The fact that fish populations from HAH- and PAH-contaminated environments suffer immune disturbances and elevated disease susceptibility highlights that the immunotoxic effects of AhR-activating xenobiotics bear environmental relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Pathobiology and Infectious Diseases, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jun Bo
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361005, China
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14
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Elaskandrany M, Patel R, Patel M, Miller G, Saxena D, Saxena A. Fungi, host immune response, and tumorigenesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G213-G222. [PMID: 34231392 PMCID: PMC8410104 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00025.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Advances in -omics analyses have tremendously enhanced our understanding of the role of the microbiome in human health and disease. Most research is focused on the bacteriome, but scientists have now realized the significance of the virome and microbial dysbiosis as well, particularly in noninfectious diseases such as cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of mycobiome in tumorigenesis, with a dismal prognosis, and attention to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We also discuss bacterial and mycobial interactions to the host's immune response that is prevalently responsible for resistance to cancer therapy, including immunotherapy. We reported that the Malassezia species associated with scalp and skin infections, colonize in human PDAC tumors and accelerate tumorigenesis via activating the C3 complement-mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway. PDAC tumors thrive in an immunosuppressive microenvironment with desmoplastic stroma and a dysbiotic microbiome. Host-microbiome interactions in the tumor milieu pose a significant threat in driving the indolent immune behavior of the tumor. Microbial intervention in multimodal cancer therapy is a promising novel approach to modify an immunotolerant ("cold") tumor microenvironment to an immunocompetent ("hot") milieu that is effective in eliminating tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miar Elaskandrany
- 1Biology Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, New York,2Macaulay Honors Academy, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Rohin Patel
- 1Biology Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Mintoo Patel
- 3Natural Sciences, South Florida State College, Avon Park, Florida
| | - George Miller
- 4New York City Health & Hospitals (Woodhull), New York, New York
| | - Deepak Saxena
- 5Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York,6Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Anjana Saxena
- 1Biology Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, New York,7Biology and Biochemistry Programs, Graduate Center, City
University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York
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15
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Cirac A, Tsaktanis T, Beyer T, Linnerbauer M, Andlauer T, Grummel V, Nirschl L, Loesslein L, Quintana FJ, Hemmer B, Rothhammer V. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent TGF-α/VEGF-B Ratio Correlates With Disease Subtype and Prognosis in Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2021; 8:8/5/e1043. [PMID: 34301821 PMCID: PMC8312279 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-dependent transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α)/vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) ratio, which regulates the effects of metabolic, dietary, and microbial factors on acute and chronic CNS inflammation, as a potential marker in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS TGF-α, VEGF-B, and AHR agonistic activity were determined in serum of 252 patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS, primary and secondary progressive MS, as well as during active disease (clinically isolated syndrome [CIS] and RRMS relapse). RESULTS The TGF-α/VEGF-B ratio and AHR agonistic activity were decreased in all MS subgroups with a stable disease course as compared to controls. During active CNS inflammation in CIS and RRMS relapse, the TGF-α/VEGF-B ratio and AHR agonistic activity were increased. Conversely, in patients with minimal clinical impairment despite long-standing disease, the TGF-α/VEGF-B ratio and AHR agonistic activity were unaltered. Finally, the TGF-α/VEGF-B ratio and AHR agonistic activity correlated with neurologic impairment and time to conversion from CIS to MS. CONCLUSIONS The AHR-dependent TGF-α/VEGF-B ratio is altered in a subtype, severity, and disease activity-specific manner and correlates with time to conversion from CIS to MS. It may thus represent a novel marker and serve as additive guideline for immunomodulatory strategies in MS. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that serum levels of AHR, TGF-α, and VEGF-B distinguish subtypes of MS and predict the severity and disease activity of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cirac
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., T.T., T.B., M.L., T.A., V.G., L.N., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich Department of Neurology (T.T., M.L., L.L., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Germany
| | - Thanos Tsaktanis
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., T.T., T.B., M.L., T.A., V.G., L.N., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich Department of Neurology (T.T., M.L., L.L., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Germany
| | - Tobias Beyer
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., T.T., T.B., M.L., T.A., V.G., L.N., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich Department of Neurology (T.T., M.L., L.L., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Germany
| | - Mathias Linnerbauer
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., T.T., T.B., M.L., T.A., V.G., L.N., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich Department of Neurology (T.T., M.L., L.L., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Germany
| | - Till Andlauer
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., T.T., T.B., M.L., T.A., V.G., L.N., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich Department of Neurology (T.T., M.L., L.L., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Germany
| | - Verena Grummel
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., T.T., T.B., M.L., T.A., V.G., L.N., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich Department of Neurology (T.T., M.L., L.L., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Germany
| | - Lucy Nirschl
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., T.T., T.B., M.L., T.A., V.G., L.N., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich Department of Neurology (T.T., M.L., L.L., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Germany
| | - Lena Loesslein
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., T.T., T.B., M.L., T.A., V.G., L.N., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich Department of Neurology (T.T., M.L., L.L., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Germany
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., T.T., T.B., M.L., T.A., V.G., L.N., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich Department of Neurology (T.T., M.L., L.L., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., T.T., T.B., M.L., T.A., V.G., L.N., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich Department of Neurology (T.T., M.L., L.L., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Germany
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- From the Department of Neurology (A.C., T.T., T.B., M.L., T.A., V.G., L.N., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich Department of Neurology (T.T., M.L., L.L., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Germany.
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16
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Guerrina N, Traboulsi H, Eidelman DH, Baglole CJ. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Suppresses Chronic Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2021; 3:653569. [PMID: 35295140 PMCID: PMC8915858 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.653569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor expressed in the lungs that is activated by numerous xenobiotic, endogenous and dietary ligands. Although historically the AhR is known for mediating the deleterious response to the environmental pollutant dioxin, emerging evidence supports a prominent role for the AhR in numerous biological process including inflammation. We have shown that the AhR suppresses pulmonary neutrophilia in response to acute cigarette smoke exposure. Whether the AhR can also prevent lung inflammation from chronic smoke exposure is not known but highly relevant, given that people smoke for decades. Using our preclinical smoke model, we report that exposure to chronic cigarette smoke for 8-weeks or 4 months significantly increased pulmonary inflammation, the response of which was greater in Ahr−/− mice. Notably, there was an increased number of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) in smoke-exposed Ahr−/− mice without a change in cytokine levels. These data support a protective role for the AhR against the deleterious effects of cigarette smoke, warranting continued investigation into its therapeutic potential for chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necola Guerrina
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hussein Traboulsi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Hussein Traboulsi
| | | | - Carolyn J. Baglole
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Deaprtment of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Carolyn J. Baglole
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17
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Zhang X, Liu X, Zhou W, Du Q, Yang M, Ding Y, Hu R. Blockade of IDO-Kynurenine-AhR Axis Ameliorated Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer via Inhibiting Immune Tolerance. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1179-1199. [PMID: 34087454 PMCID: PMC8445903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic inflammation in colon section is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Proinflammatory cytokines were produced in a tumor microenvironment and correlated with poor clinical outcome. Tumor-infiltrating T cells were reported to be greatly involved in the development of colon cancer. In this study, we demonstrated that kynurenine (Kyn), a metabolite catalyzed by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), was required for IDO-mediated T cell function, and adaptive immunity indeed played a critical role in CRC. METHODS Supernatant of colon cancer cells was used to culture activated T cells and mice spleen lymphocytes, and the IDO1-Kyn-aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptor axis was determined in vitro. In vivo, an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CRC model was established in IDO-/-, Rag1-/-, and wild-type mice, and tumor-associated T lymphocyte infiltration and Kyn/AhR signaling pathway changes were measured in each group. RESULTS Kyn promoted AhR nuclear translocation increased the transcription of Foxp3, a marker of regulatory T cells (Tregs), through improving the interaction between AhR and Foxp3 promoter. Additionally, compared WT mice, IDO-/- mice treated with AOM/DSS exhibited fewer and smaller tumor burdens in the colon, with less Treg and more CD8+ T cells infiltration, while Kyn administration abolished this regulation. Rag1-/- mice were more sensitive to AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated colon cancer (CRC) compared with the wild-type mice, suggesting that T cell-mediated adaptive immunity indeed played a critical role in CRC. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that inhibition of IDO diminished Kyn/AhR-mediated Treg differentiation and could be an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of inflammation-related colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Children Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianming Du
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengdi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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18
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Developmental and lifelong dioxin exposure induces measurable changes in cardiac structure and function in adulthood. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10378. [PMID: 34001975 PMCID: PMC8129097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89825-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital abnormality. A precise etiology for CHD remains elusive, but likely results from interactions between genetic and environmental factors during development, when the heart adapts to physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Further, it has become clearer that early exposure to toxins that do not result in overt CHD may be associated with adverse cardiac outcomes that are not manifested until later life. Previously, interference with endogenous developmental functions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), either by gene ablation or by in utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent AHR ligand, was shown to cause structural, molecular and functional cardiac abnormalities and altered heart physiology in mouse embryos. Here, we show that continuous exposure to TCDD from fertilization throughout adulthood caused male mice to underperform at exercise tolerance tests compared to their control and female counterparts, confirming previous observations of a sexually dimorphic phenotype. Renin-angiotensin stimulation by angiotensin II (Ang II) caused measurable increases in blood pressure and left ventricle mass, along with decreased end diastolic volume and preserved ejection fraction. Interestingly, TCDD exposure caused measurable reductions in the myocardial hypertrophic effects of Ang II, suggesting that endogenous AHR signaling present in adulthood may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophy. Overall, the findings reported in this pilot study highlight the complex systems underlying TCDD exposure in the development of cardiac dysfunction in later life.
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19
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Wang HC, Liu KY, Wang LT, Hsu SH, Wang SC, Huang SK. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor promotes lipid droplet biogenesis and metabolic shift in respiratory Club cells. Hum Cell 2021; 34:785-799. [PMID: 33683656 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Club cells are critical in maintaining airway integrity via, in part, secretion of immunomodulatory Club cell 10 kd protein (CC10) and xenobiotic detoxification. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is important in xenobiotic metabolism, but its role in Club cell function is unclear. To this end, an AhR ligand, 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ, 10 nM) was found to induce, in a ligand and AhR-dependent manner, endoplasmic reticulum stress, phospholipid remodeling, free fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, leading to perilipin 2-dependent lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis in a Club cell-like cell line, NL20. The increase in LDs was due, in part, to the blockade of adipose triglyceride lipase to LDs, while perilipin 5 facilitated LDs-mitochondria connection, leading to the breakdown of LDs via mitochondrial β-oxidation and acetyl-coA generation. In FICZ-treated cells, increased CC10 secretion and its intracellular association with LDs were noted. Administration of low (0.28 ng), medium (1.42 ng), and high (7.10 ng) doses of FICZ in C57BL/6 mice significantly enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.1 μg)-induced airway inflammation, mucin secretion, pro-inflammatory cytokines and CC10 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, as compared to those seen in mice receiving LPS alone, suggesting the importance of AhR signaling in controlling the metabolic homeostasis and functions of Club cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd, North District, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Kwei-Yan Liu
- Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Li-Ting Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd, North District, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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20
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Blagih J, Hennequart M, Zani F. Tissue Nutrient Environments and Their Effect on Regulatory T Cell Biology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637960. [PMID: 33868263 PMCID: PMC8050341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for mitigating inflammation. Tregs are found in nearly every tissue and play either beneficial or harmful roles in the host. The availability of various nutrients can either enhance or impair Treg function. Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism plays a major role in supporting Treg differentiation and fitness. While Tregs rely heavily on oxidation of fatty acids to support mitochondrial activity, they have found ways to adapt to different tissue types, such as tumors, to survive in competitive environments. In addition, metabolic by-products from commensal organisms in the gut also have a profound impact on Treg differentiation. In this review, we will focus on the core metabolic pathways engaged in Tregs, especially in the context of tissue nutrient environments, and how they can affect Treg function, stability and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabio Zani
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Enweasor C, Flayer CH, Haczku A. Ozone-Induced Oxidative Stress, Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation, and Glucocorticoid Resistance in Asthma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631092. [PMID: 33717165 PMCID: PMC7952990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in using biologicals that target Th2 pathways, glucocorticoids form the mainstay of asthma treatment. Asthma morbidity and mortality remain high due to the wide variability of treatment responsiveness and complex clinical phenotypes driven by distinct underlying mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests that inhalation of the toxic air pollutant, ozone, worsens asthma by impairing glucocorticoid responsiveness. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in glucocorticoid resistance in asthma. The underlying mechanisms point to a central role of oxidative stress pathways. The primary data source for this review consisted of peer-reviewed publications on the impact of ozone on airway inflammation and glucocorticoid responsiveness indexed in PubMed. Our main search strategy focused on cross-referencing "asthma and glucocorticoid resistance" against "ozone, oxidative stress, alarmins, innate lymphoid, NK and γδ T cells, dendritic cells and alveolar type II epithelial cells, glucocorticoid receptor and transcription factors". Recent work was placed in the context from articles in the last 10 years and older seminal research papers and comprehensive reviews. We excluded papers that did not focus on respiratory injury in the setting of oxidative stress. The pathways discussed here have however wide clinical implications to pathologies associated with inflammation and oxidative stress and in which glucocorticoid treatment is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chioma Enweasor
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Cameron H. Flayer
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angela Haczku
- UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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22
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Millman JF, Okamoto S, Teruya T, Uema T, Ikematsu S, Shimabukuro M, Masuzaki H. Extra-virgin olive oil and the gut-brain axis: influence on gut microbiota, mucosal immunity, and cardiometabolic and cognitive health. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:1362-1374. [PMID: 33576418 PMCID: PMC8581649 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), a popular functional food and major source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, possesses a variety of healthful components, including monounsaturated fatty acids and bioactive phenolic compounds that, individually and collectively, exert beneficial effects on cardiometabolic markers of health and act as neuroprotective agents through their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The gut microbiota and health of the intestinal environment are now considered important factors in the development of obesity, metabolic disease, and even certain neurodegenerative conditions via the gut-brain axis. Recently, data are emerging which demonstrate that the health-promoting benefits of EVOO may also extend to the gut microbiota. In this review, we aimed to examine findings from recent studies regarding the impact of EVOO on gut microbiota and intestinal health and explore how modulations in composition of gut microbiota, production of microbially produced products, and activity and functioning of the mucosal immune system may lead to favorable outcomes in cardiovascular, metabolic, and cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine F Millman
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shiki Okamoto
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Taiki Teruya
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tsugumi Uema
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinya Ikematsu
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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23
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Evaluation of an in vitro assay to screen for the immunotoxic potential of chemicals to fish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3167. [PMID: 33542403 PMCID: PMC7862612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of environmental contaminants has been shown to disrupt immune functions of fish and may compromise their defense capability against pathogens. Immunotoxic effects, however, are rarely considered in ecotoxicological testing strategies. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the suitability of an in vitro immuno-assay using selected fish immune parameters to screen for chemicals with known immunotoxic potential and to differentiate them from non-immunotoxicants. Non-stimulated and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated head kidney leukocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed for 3 h or 19 h to chemicals with different modes of action. As immune parameters, phagocytosis activity, oxidative burst activity and cytokine transcription (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-10) were examined, accompanied by in silico modelling. The immunotoxicants dexamethasone, benzo(a)pyrene, ethinylestradiol and bisphenol A significantly altered the immune parameters at non-cytotoxic concentrations whereas diclofenac had only weak effects. However, the two baseline chemicals with no known immunotoxic potential, butanol and ethylene glycol, caused significant effects, too. From our results it appears that the in vitro fish leukocyte assay as performed in the present study has only a limited capacity for discriminating between immunotoxicants and non-immunotoxicants.
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24
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Barroso A, Mahler JV, Fonseca-Castro PH, Quintana FJ. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the gut-brain axis. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:259-268. [PMID: 33408340 PMCID: PMC8027889 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor initially identified as the receptor for dioxin. Almost half a century after its discovery, AHR is now recognized as a receptor for multiple physiological ligands, with important roles in health and disease. In this review, we discuss the role of AHR in the gut-brain axis and its potential value as a therapeutic target for immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Barroso
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - João Vitor Mahler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Fonseca-Castro
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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25
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Levy O, Rothhammer V, Mascanfroni I, Tong Z, Kuai R, De Biasio M, Wang Q, Majid T, Perrault C, Yeste A, Kenison JE, Safaee H, Musabeyezu J, Heinelt M, Milton Y, Kuang H, Lan H, Siders W, Multon MC, Rothblatt J, Massadeh S, Alaamery M, Alhasan AH, Quintana FJ, Karp JM. A cell-based drug delivery platform for treating central nervous system inflammation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:663-671. [PMID: 33398468 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for the development of cell-based drug delivery systems for autoimmune inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we investigated the effect of Ro-31-8425, an ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor, on the therapeutic properties of MSCs. Upon a simple pretreatment procedure, MSCs spontaneously took up and then gradually released significant amounts of Ro-31-8425. Ro-31-8425 (free or released by MSCs) suppressed the proliferation of CD4+ T cells in vitro following polyclonal and antigen-specific stimulation. Systemic administration of Ro-31-8425-loaded MSCs ameliorated the clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS, displaying a stronger suppressive effect on EAE than control MSCs or free Ro-31-8425. Ro-31-8425-MSC administration resulted in sustained levels of Ro-31-8425 in the serum of EAE mice, modulating immune cell trafficking and the autoimmune response during EAE. Collectively, these results identify MSC-based drug delivery as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. KEY MESSAGES: MSCs can spontaneously take up the ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor Ro-31-8425. Ro-31-8425-loaded MSCs gradually release Ro-31-8425 and exhibit sustained suppression of T cells. Ro-31-8425-loaded MSCs have more sustained serum levels of Ro-31-8425 than free Ro-31-8425. Ro-31-8425-loaded MSCs are more effective than MSCs and free Ro-31-8425 for EAE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Mascanfroni
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhixiang Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Kuai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael De Biasio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qingping Wang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sanofi R&D, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Tahir Majid
- Global Research Program and Portfolio Management, Sanofi-Genzyme, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christelle Perrault
- Sanofi R&D, In Vitro Pharmacology, Integrated Drug Discovery, Centre de Recherche Vitry-Alfortville, Vitry-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Ada Yeste
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica E Kenison
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helia Safaee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliet Musabeyezu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martina Heinelt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuka Milton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heidi Kuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haoyue Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Siders
- Genzyme R&D, Neuroimmunology Research, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Marie-Christine Multon
- Sanofi R&D, Translational Sciences, Centre de Recherche Vitry-Alfortville, Vitry-Sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Salam Massadeh
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Alaamery
- Developmental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Alhasan
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- National Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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26
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Tsaktanis T, Beyer T, Nirschl L, Linnerbauer M, Grummel V, Bussas M, Tjon E, Mühlau M, Korn T, Hemmer B, Quintana FJ, Rothhammer V. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Plasma Agonist Activity Correlates With Disease Activity in Progressive MS. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 8:8/2/e933. [PMID: 33361385 PMCID: PMC7768947 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between serum aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonistic activity levels with disease severity, its modulation over the course of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), and its regulation in progressive MS (PMS) are unknown. Here, we report the analysis of AHR agonistic activity levels in cross-sectional and longitudinal serum samples of patients with RRMS and PMS. METHODS In a cross-sectional investigation, a total of 36 control patients diagnosed with noninflammatory diseases, 84 patients with RRMS, 35 patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and 41 patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS) were included in this study. AHR activity was measured in a cell-based luciferase assay and correlated with age, sex, the presence of disease-modifying therapies, Expanded Disability Status Scale scores, and disease duration. In a second longitudinal investigation, we analyzed AHR activity in 13 patients diagnosed with RRMS over a period from 4 to 10 years and correlated AHR agonistic activity with white matter atrophy and lesion load volume changes. RESULTS In RRMS, AHR ligand levels were globally decreased and associated with disease duration and neurologic disability. In SPMS and PPMS, serum AHR agonistic activity was decreased and correlated with disease severity. Finally, in longitudinal serum samples of patients with RRMS, decreased AHR agonistic activity was linked to progressive CNS atrophy and increased lesion load. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that serum AHR agonist levels negatively correlate with disability in RRMS and PMS and decrease longitudinally in correlation with MRI markers of disease progression. Thus, serum AHR agonistic activity may serve as novel biomarker for disability progression in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanos Tsaktanis
- From the Department of Neurology (T.T., T.B., L.N., M.L., V.G., M.B., M.M., T.K., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Neurology (T.T., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K., B.H.), Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (E.T., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and TUM-Neuroimaging Center (M.B., M.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Tobias Beyer
- From the Department of Neurology (T.T., T.B., L.N., M.L., V.G., M.B., M.M., T.K., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Neurology (T.T., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K., B.H.), Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (E.T., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and TUM-Neuroimaging Center (M.B., M.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Lucy Nirschl
- From the Department of Neurology (T.T., T.B., L.N., M.L., V.G., M.B., M.M., T.K., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Neurology (T.T., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K., B.H.), Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (E.T., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and TUM-Neuroimaging Center (M.B., M.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Mathias Linnerbauer
- From the Department of Neurology (T.T., T.B., L.N., M.L., V.G., M.B., M.M., T.K., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Neurology (T.T., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K., B.H.), Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (E.T., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and TUM-Neuroimaging Center (M.B., M.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Verena Grummel
- From the Department of Neurology (T.T., T.B., L.N., M.L., V.G., M.B., M.M., T.K., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Neurology (T.T., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K., B.H.), Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (E.T., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and TUM-Neuroimaging Center (M.B., M.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Mathias Bussas
- From the Department of Neurology (T.T., T.B., L.N., M.L., V.G., M.B., M.M., T.K., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Neurology (T.T., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K., B.H.), Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (E.T., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and TUM-Neuroimaging Center (M.B., M.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Emily Tjon
- From the Department of Neurology (T.T., T.B., L.N., M.L., V.G., M.B., M.M., T.K., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Neurology (T.T., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K., B.H.), Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (E.T., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and TUM-Neuroimaging Center (M.B., M.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Mark Mühlau
- From the Department of Neurology (T.T., T.B., L.N., M.L., V.G., M.B., M.M., T.K., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Neurology (T.T., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K., B.H.), Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (E.T., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and TUM-Neuroimaging Center (M.B., M.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Thomas Korn
- From the Department of Neurology (T.T., T.B., L.N., M.L., V.G., M.B., M.M., T.K., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Neurology (T.T., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K., B.H.), Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (E.T., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and TUM-Neuroimaging Center (M.B., M.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- From the Department of Neurology (T.T., T.B., L.N., M.L., V.G., M.B., M.M., T.K., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Neurology (T.T., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K., B.H.), Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (E.T., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and TUM-Neuroimaging Center (M.B., M.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- From the Department of Neurology (T.T., T.B., L.N., M.L., V.G., M.B., M.M., T.K., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Neurology (T.T., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K., B.H.), Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (E.T., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and TUM-Neuroimaging Center (M.B., M.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- From the Department of Neurology (T.T., T.B., L.N., M.L., V.G., M.B., M.M., T.K., B.H., V.R.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich; Department of Neurology (T.T., V.R.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (T.K., B.H.), Germany; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases (E.T., F.J.Q.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (F.J.Q.), Cambridge, MA; and TUM-Neuroimaging Center (M.B., M.M.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany.
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27
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Thomas G, Frederick E, Thompson L, Bar-Or R, Mulugeta Y, Hausburg M, Roshon M, Mains C, Bar-Or D. LMWF5A suppresses cytokine release by modulating select inflammatory transcription factor activity in stimulated PBMC. J Transl Med 2020; 18:452. [PMID: 33256749 PMCID: PMC7702209 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of transcription and cytokine expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety inflammatory diseases. The resulting imbalance between inflammatory and resolving transcriptional programs can cause an overabundance of pro-inflammatory, classically activated macrophage type 1 (M1) and/or helper T cell type 1 (Th1) products, such as IFNγ, TNFα, IL1-β, and IL12, that prevent immune switching to resolution and healing. The low molecular weight fraction of human serum albumin (LMWF5A) is a novel biologic drug that is currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of osteoarthritis and the hyper-inflammatory response associated with COVID-19. This study aims to elucidate transcriptional mechanisms of action involved with the ability of LMWF5A to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Methods ELISA arrays were used to identify cytokines and chemokines influenced by LMWF5A treatment of LPS-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The resulting profiles were analyzed by gene enrichment to gain mechanistic insight into the biologic processes and transcription factors (TFs) underlying the identified differentially expressed cytokines. DNA-binding ELISAs, luciferase reporter assays, and TNFα or IL-1β relative potency were then employed to confirm the involvement of enriched pathways and TFs. Results LMWF5A was found to significantly inhibit a distinct set of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-12, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) associated with pro-inflammatory M1/Th1 immune profiles. Gene enrichment analysis also suggests these cytokines are, in part, regulated by NF-κB and STAT transcription factors. Data from DNA-binding and reporter assays support this with LMWF5A inhibition of STAT1α DNA-binding activity as well as a reduction in overall NF-κB-driven luciferase expression. Experiments using antagonists specific for the immunomodulatory and NF-κB/STAT-repressing transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), indicate these pathways are involved in the LMWF5A mechanisms of action by reducing LMWF5A drug potency as measured by TNFα and IL-1β release. Conclusion In this report, we provide evidence that LMWF5A reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine release by activating the immunoregulatory transcription factors PPARγ and AhR. In addition, our data indicate that LMWF5A suppresses NF-κB and STAT1α pro-inflammatory pathways. This suggests that LMWF5A acts through these mechanisms to decrease pro-inflammatory transcription factor activity and subsequent inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Thomas
- Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 373 Inverness Parkway Suite 200, Englewood, CO, 80122, USA
| | - Elizabeth Frederick
- Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 373 Inverness Parkway Suite 200, Englewood, CO, 80122, USA
| | - Lisa Thompson
- Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 373 Inverness Parkway Suite 200, Englewood, CO, 80122, USA
| | - Raphael Bar-Or
- Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 373 Inverness Parkway Suite 200, Englewood, CO, 80122, USA.,Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Ave. Rm 4-454, Englewood, CO, 80113, USA.,Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 11600 W 2nd Pl, Lakewood, CO, 80228, USA.,Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N Nevada Ave, Colorado Springs, CO, 80907, USA.,Centura Health Systems, 9100 E. Mineral Cir, Centennial, CO, 80112, USA
| | - Yetti Mulugeta
- Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 373 Inverness Parkway Suite 200, Englewood, CO, 80122, USA
| | - Melissa Hausburg
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Ave. Rm 4-454, Englewood, CO, 80113, USA.,Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 11600 W 2nd Pl, Lakewood, CO, 80228, USA.,Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N Nevada Ave, Colorado Springs, CO, 80907, USA.,Centura Health Systems, 9100 E. Mineral Cir, Centennial, CO, 80112, USA
| | - Michael Roshon
- Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N Nevada Ave, Colorado Springs, CO, 80907, USA
| | - Charles Mains
- Centura Health Systems, 9100 E. Mineral Cir, Centennial, CO, 80112, USA
| | - David Bar-Or
- Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden Ave. Rm 4-454, Englewood, CO, 80113, USA. .,Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 11600 W 2nd Pl, Lakewood, CO, 80228, USA. .,Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N Nevada Ave, Colorado Springs, CO, 80907, USA. .,Centura Health Systems, 9100 E. Mineral Cir, Centennial, CO, 80112, USA. .,Department of Molecular Biology, Rocky Vista University, 8401 S Chambers Rd, Parker, CO, 80134, USA.
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28
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Brown CY, Sadlon T, Hope CM, Wong YY, Wong S, Liu N, Withers H, Brown K, Bandara V, Gundsambuu B, Pederson S, Breen J, Robertson SA, Forrest A, Beyer M, Barry SC. Molecular Insights Into Regulatory T-Cell Adaptation to Self, Environment, and Host Tissues: Plasticity or Loss of Function in Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1269. [PMID: 33072063 PMCID: PMC7533603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been much interest in the ability of regulatory T cells (Treg) to switch function in vivo, either as a result of genetic risk of disease or in response to environmental and metabolic cues. The relationship between levels of FOXP3 and functional fitness plays a significant part in this plasticity. There is an emerging role for Treg in tissue repair that may be less dependent on FOXP3, and the molecular mechanisms underpinning this are not fully understood. As a result of detailed, high-resolution functional genomics, the gene regulatory networks and key functional mediators of Treg phenotype downstream of FOXP3 have been mapped, enabling a mechanistic insight into Treg function. This transcription factor-driven programming of T-cell function to generate Treg requires the switching on and off of key genes that form part of the Treg gene regulatory network and raises the possibility that this is reversible. It is plausible that subtle shifts in expression levels of specific genes, including transcription factors and non-coding RNAs, change the regulation of the Treg gene network. The subtle skewing of gene expression initiates changes in function, with the potential to promote chronic disease and/or to license appropriate inflammatory responses. In the case of autoimmunity, there is an underlying genetic risk, and the interplay of genetic and environmental cues is complex and impacts gene regulation networks frequently involving promoters and enhancers, the regulatory elements that control gene expression levels and responsiveness. These promoter–enhancer interactions can operate over long distances and are highly cell type specific. In autoimmunity, the genetic risk can result in changes in these enhancer/promoter interactions, and this mainly impacts genes which are expressed in T cells and hence impacts Treg/conventional T-cell (Tconv) function. Genetic risk may cause the subtle alterations to the responsiveness of gene regulatory networks which are controlled by or control FOXP3 and its target genes, and the application of assays of the 3D organization of chromatin, enabling the connection of non-coding regulatory regions to the genes they control, is revealing the direct impact of environmental/metabolic/genetic risk on T-cell function and is providing mechanistic insight into susceptibility to inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Y Brown
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy Sadlon
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Ying Y Wong
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Soon Wong
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ning Liu
- Bioinformatics Hub, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Holly Withers
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katherine Brown
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Veronika Bandara
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Batjargal Gundsambuu
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen Pederson
- Bioinformatics Hub, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - James Breen
- Bioinformatics Hub, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah Anne Robertson
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alistair Forrest
- QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Beyer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Charles Barry
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
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29
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Qi Z, Zhang Y, Chen ZF, Yang C, Song Y, Liao X, Li W, Tsang SY, Liu G, Cai Z. Chemical identity and cardiovascular toxicity of hydrophobic organic components in PM 2.5. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110827. [PMID: 32535366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that exposure to PM2.5 may result in pathogenesis of several major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which can be attributed to the combined adverse effects induced by the complicated components of PM2.5. Organic materials, which are major components of PM2.5, contain thousands of chemicals, and most of them are environmental hazards. However, the contamination profile and contribution to overall toxicity of PM2.5-bound organic components (OCs) have not been thoroughly evaluated yet. Herein, we aim to provide an overview of the literature on PM2.5-bound hydrophobic OCs, with an emphasis on the chemical identity and reported impairments on the cardiovascular system, including the potential exposure routes and mechanisms. We first provide an update on the worldwide mass concentration and composition data of PM2.5, and then, review the contamination profile of PM2.5-bound hydrophobic OCs, including constitution, concentration, distribution, formation, source, and identification. In particular, the link between exposure to PM2.5-bound hydrophobic OCs and CVDs and its possible underlying mechanisms are discussed to evaluate the possible risks of PM2.5-bound hydrophobic OCs on the cardiovascular system and to provide suggestions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghua Qi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weiquan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Suk Ying Tsang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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30
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Song JY, Casanova-Nakayama A, Möller AM, Kitamura SI, Nakayama K, Segner H. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Is Functional in Immune Cells of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6323. [PMID: 32878328 PMCID: PMC7503690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an important signaling pathway in the immune system of mammals. In addition to its physiological functions, the receptor mediates the immunotoxic actions of a diverse range of environmental contaminants that bind to and activate the AhR, including planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs or dioxin-like compounds) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). AhR-binding xenobiotics are immunotoxic not only to mammals but to teleost fish as well. To date, however, it is unknown if the AhR pathway is active in the immune system of fish and thus may act as molecular initiating event in the immunotoxicity of AhR-binding xenobiotics to fish. The present study aims to examine the presence of functional AhR signaling in immune cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Focus is given to the toxicologically relevant AhR2 clade. By means of RT-qPCR and in situ hybdridization, we show that immune cells of rainbow trout express ahr 2α and ahr 2β mRNA; this applies for immune cells isolated from the head kidney and from the peripheral blood. Furthermore, we show that in vivo as well as in vitro exposure to the AhR ligand, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), causes upregulation of the AhR-regulated gene, cytochrome p4501a, in rainbow trout immune cells, and that this induction is inhibited by co-treatment with an AhR antagonist. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that functional AhR signaling exists in the immune cells of the teleost species, rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Song
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (J.-Y.S.); (A.C.-N.); (A.-M.M.)
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan; (S.-I.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Ayako Casanova-Nakayama
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (J.-Y.S.); (A.C.-N.); (A.-M.M.)
| | - Anja-Maria Möller
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (J.-Y.S.); (A.C.-N.); (A.-M.M.)
| | - Shin-Ichi Kitamura
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan; (S.-I.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Kei Nakayama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan; (S.-I.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (J.-Y.S.); (A.C.-N.); (A.-M.M.)
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31
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Albumin is a secret factor involved in multidirectional interactions among the serotoninergic, immune and endocrine systems that supervises the mechanism of CYP1A and CYP3A regulation in the liver. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107616. [PMID: 32590025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on albumin, which is involved in multidirectional interactions among the immune, endocrine and serotoninergic systems and supervises the regulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms under conditions of both normal liver function and liver insufficiency. Special attention is paid to albumin, thyroid hormones, testosterone and tryptophan hydroxylase in these interactions as well as their potential roles in liver regeneration. The association of these factors with inflammation and the modification of the mechanism of hepatic drug-metabolizing CYP isoform regulation are also presented because changes in the expression of CYP isoforms in the liver may result in subsequent changes to a marker substance used for testing CYP activity, thus providing a simple way to control the liver regeneration process or the dangerous stimulation of hepatocarcinogenesis.
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32
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Kim SK, Choe JY, Park KY. Ethanol Augments Monosodium Urate-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via Regulation of AhR and TXNIP in Human Macrophages. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:533-541. [PMID: 32469177 PMCID: PMC7255999 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.6.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ethanol elicits several inflammatory responses and affects the innate immune response. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism by which ethanol affects uric acid-induced NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation by regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Human myeloid leukemia cells (U937 cells) were used to assess the role of ethanol in NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Expression of target molecules, such as NLRP3 inflammasome components, AhR, and TXNIP, were measured using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. The effect of ethanol-induced TXNIP on the NLRP3 inflammasome was assessed in human macrophages transfected with TXNIP siRNA. RESULTS U937 cells treated with 100 mM ethanol for 24 h induced NLRP3 and interleukin (IL)-1β expression. Ethanol increased reactive oxygen species generation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. AhR mRNA expression was downregulated in U937 cells treated with 100 mM ethanol, whereas CYP1A1 mRNA expression increased. Treatment with ethanol increased NLRP3 and IL-1β mRNA and protein expression in U937 cells exposed to 1.0 mg/mL of MSU crystals for 24 h. TXNIP expression in U937 cells incubated with both 100 mM ethanol and 1.0 mg/mL of MSU crystals was significantly higher than in cells incubated with MSU crystals alone. Treatment with 100mM ethanol for 24 h downregulated NLRP3 and IL-1β expression in MSU crystal-activated U937 cells transfected with TXNIP siRNA, compared to those with scramble siRNA. CONCLUSION Ethanol stimulates uric acid-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation through regression of AhR and upregulation of TXNIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Kyu Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Arthritis and Autoimmunity Research Center, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Jung Yoon Choe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Arthritis and Autoimmunity Research Center, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ki Yeun Park
- Arthritis and Autoimmunity Research Center, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea
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33
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Cha J, Hong S, Kim J, Lee J, Yoon SJ, Lee S, Moon HB, Shin KH, Hur J, Giesy JP, Khim JS. Major AhR-active chemicals in sediments of Lake Sihwa, South Korea: Application of effect-directed analysis combined with full-scan screening analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105199. [PMID: 31675573 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study utilized effect-directed analysis (EDA) combined with full-scan screening analysis (FSA) to identify aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-active compounds in sediments of inland creeks flowing into Lake Sihwa, South Korea. The specific objectives were to (i) investigate the major AhR-active fractions of organic extracts of sediments by using H4IIE-luc in vitro bioassay (4 h and 72 h exposures), (ii) quantify known AhR agonists, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and styrene oligomers (SOs), (iii) identify unknown AhR agonists by use of gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOFMS), and (iv) determine contributions of AhR agonists to total potencies measured by use of the bioassay. FSA was conducted on fractions F2.6 and F2.7 (aromatics with log Kow 5-7) in extracts of sediment from Siheung Creek (industrial area). Those fractions exhibited significant AhR-mediated potency as well as relatively great concentrations of PAHs and SOs. FSA detected 461 and 449 compounds in F2.6 and F2.7, respectively. Of these, five tentative candidates of AhR agonist were selected based on NIST library matching, aromatic structures and numbers of rings, and available standards. Benz[b]anthracene, 11H-benzo[a]fluorene, and 4,5-methanochrysene exhibited significant AhR-mediated potency in the H4IIE-luc bioassay, and relative potencies of these compounds were determined. Potency balance analysis demonstrated that these three newly identified AhR agonists explained 1.1% to 67% of total induced AhR-mediated potencies of samples, which were particularly great for industrial sediments. Follow-up studies on sources and ecotoxicological effects of these compounds in coastal environments would be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Cha
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeseong Kim
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Wang HC, Wong TH, Wang LT, Su HH, Yu HY, Wu AH, Lin YC, Chen HL, Suen JL, Hsu SH, Chen LC, Zhou Y, Huang SK. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling promotes ORMDL3-dependent generation of sphingosine-1-phosphate by inhibiting sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:783-790. [PMID: 29572542 PMCID: PMC6804566 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a cellular chemical sensor, controls cellular homeostasis, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive intermediate of sphingolipid metabolism, is believed to have a role in immunity and inflammation, but their potential crosstalk is currently unknown. We aimed to determine whether there is a functional linkage between AhR signaling and sphingolipid metabolism. We showed that AhR ligands, including an environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), induced S1P generation, and inhibited S1P lyase (S1PL) activity in resting cells, antigen/IgE-activated mast cells, and mouse lungs exposed to the AhR ligand alone or in combination with antigen challenge. The reduction of S1PL activity was due to AhR-mediated oxidation of S1PL at residue 317, which was reversible by the addition of an antioxidant or in cells with knockdown of the ORMDL3 gene encoding an ER transmembrane protein, whereas C317A S1PL mutant-transfected cells were resistant to the AhR-mediated effect. Furthermore, analysis of AhR ligand-treated cells showed a time-dependent increase of the ORMDL3-S1PL complex, which was confirmed by FRET analysis. This change increased the S1P levels, which in turn, induced mast cell degranulation via S1PR2 signaling. In addition, elevated levels of plasma S1P were found in children with asthma compared to non-asthmatic subjects. These results suggest a new regulatory pathway whereby the AhR-ligand axis induces ORMDL3-dependent S1P generation by inhibiting S1PL, which may contribute to the expression of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Chun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Wong
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
| | - Li-Ting Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
| | - Hsiang-Han Su
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
| | - Hsiu-Yueh Yu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, China
| | - Ai-Hsuan Wu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, China
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, China
| | - Hua-Ling Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, China
| | - Jau-Ling Suen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
- Research Center of Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
- Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
| | - Shih-Hsien Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
- Research Center of Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, China
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, 201102, Shanghai, China
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China.
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, China.
- Research Center of Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China.
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Lou-Hu Hospital, Shen-Zhen University, Shen-Zhen, China.
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35
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Beneficial and Deleterious Effects of Female Sex Hormones, Oral Contraceptives, and Phytoestrogens by Immunomodulation on the Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194694. [PMID: 31546715 PMCID: PMC6801544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is considered the laboratory of the human body because of its many metabolic processes. It accomplishes diverse activities as a mixed gland and is in continuous cross-talk with the endocrine system. Not only do hormones from the gastrointestinal tract that participate in digestion regulate the liver functions, but the sex hormones also exert a strong influence on this sexually dimorphic organ, via their receptors expressed in liver, in both health and disease. Besides, the liver modifies the actions of sex hormones through their metabolism and transport proteins. Given the anatomical position and physiological importance of liver, this organ is evidenced as an immune vigilante that mediates the systemic immune response, and, in turn, the immune system regulates the hepatic functions. Such feedback is performed by cytokines. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are strongly involved in hepatic homeostasis and in pathological states; indeed, female sex hormones, oral contraceptives, and phytoestrogens have immunomodulatory effects in the liver and the whole organism. To analyze the complex and interesting beneficial or deleterious effects of these drugs by their immunomodulatory actions in the liver can provide the basis for either their pharmacological use in therapeutic treatments or to avoid their intake in some diseases.
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36
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Csaba G. Aromatic hydrocarbon receptors in the immune system: Review and hypotheses. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2019; 66:273-287. [PMID: 30803253 DOI: 10.1556/030.66.2019.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ah-receptors (AhRs) recognize and bind foreign environmental molecules as well as some target hormones of other nuclear receptors. As ligands activate transcription factors, they transmit the information on the presence of these molecules by binding to the DNA, which in turn activate xenobiotic metabolism genes. Cross talk with other nuclear receptors or some non-nuclear receptors also activates or inhibits endocrine processes. Immune cells have AhRs by which they are activated for physiological (immunity) or non-physiological (allergy and autoimmunity) processes. They can be imprinted by hormonal or pseudo-hormonal (environmental) factors, which could provoke pathological alterations for life (by faulty perinatal hormonal imprinting). The variety and amount of human-made new environmental molecules (endocrine disruptors) are enormously growing, so the importance of AhR functions is also expanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Csaba
- 1 Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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37
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Memari B, Nguyen-Yamamoto L, Salehi-Tabar R, Zago M, Fritz JH, Baglole CJ, Goltzman D, White JH. Endocrine aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling is induced by moderate cutaneous exposure to ultraviolet light. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8486. [PMID: 31186463 PMCID: PMC6560103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Links between solar UV exposure and immunity date back to the ancient Greeks with the development of heliotherapy. Skin contains several UV-sensitive chromophores and exposure to sunlight can produce molecules, such as vitamin D3, that act in an endocrine manner. We investigated the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), an environmental sensor and ligand-regulated transcription factor activated by numerous planar compounds of endogenous, dietary or environmental origin. 15- to 30-minute exposure of cells to a minimal erythemal dose of UVB irradiation in vitro induced translocation of the AHR to the nucleus, rapidly inducing site-specific DNA binding and target gene regulation. Importantly, ex vivo studies with Ahr wild-type or null fibroblasts showed that serum from mice whose skin was exposed to a 15 min UVB dose, but not control serum, contained agonist activity within 30 min of UV irradiation, inducing AHR-dependent gene expression. Moreover, a 15-min cutaneous UVB exposure induced AHR site-specific DNA binding and target gene regulation in vivo within 3–6 hr post-irradiation in blood and in peripheral tissues, including intestine. These results show that cutaneous exposure of mice to a single minimal erythemic dose of UVB induces rapid AHR signaling in multiple peripheral organs, providing compelling evidence that moderate sun exposure can exert endocrine control of immunity through the AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Memari
- Departments of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Michela Zago
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jorg H Fritz
- Departments of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Departments of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Goltzman
- Departments of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Departments of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John H White
- Departments of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Departments of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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38
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Peirce JM, Alviña K. The role of inflammation and the gut microbiome in depression and anxiety. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1223-1241. [PMID: 31144383 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of the gut microbiome has increasingly revealed an important role in modulating brain function and mental health. In this review, we underscore specific pathways and mechanisms by which the gut microbiome can promote the development of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. First, we review the involvement of the stress response and immune system activation in the development of depression and anxiety. Then, we examine germ-free murine models used to uncover the role of the gut microbiome in developing and modulating pertinent activity in the brain and the immune system. We also document multiple pathways by which stress-induced inflammation harms brain function and ultimately affects mental health, and review how probiotic and prebiotic treatments have shown to be beneficial. Lastly, we provide an overview of gut microbiome-derived compounds (short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan catabolites, microbial pattern recognition) and related mechanisms (vagal nerve activity and fecal microbiota transplants) involved in mediating the influence of the gut microbiome to mental health. Overall, a picture of the gut microbiome playing a facilitating role between stress response, inflammation, and depression, and anxiety is emerging. Future research is needed to firmly establish the microbiome's causal role, to further elucidate the mechanisms by which gut microbes influence brain function and mental health, and to possibly develop treatments that improve mental health through microbiotic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Peirce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.,Honors College, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Karina Alviña
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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39
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Pang C, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Ge Y, Li S, Huo S, Xu T, Stauber RH, Zhao B. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloodibenzo-p-dioxin affects the differentiation of CD4 helper T cell. Toxicol Lett 2019; 311:49-57. [PMID: 31014974 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic congener of dioxins, is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant. Although the immunotoxic effects of TCDD have been reported, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear. In this study, we have determined the toxic effects of TCDD on thymocytes and splenic T cells with in vitro cell culture systems. Magnetically isolated mouse splenic Th cells, Treg cells and the mixed spleen lymphocytes (SLC) were cultured and treated with TCDD and the differentiation of CD4 Th cells was determined by flow cytometery. Our results showed that different concentrations of TCDD caused immunotoxic effects through different toxicological mechanisms in both the purified mouse splenic Th cells and the mixed SLC. The low dose exposure to TCDD triggered regulatory effects in the immune system, while the high dose TCDD exposure resulted in severe immune toxicity. Notably, a decline of Treg subset was observed, suggesting an imbalanced immune regulation by TCDD treatment, as well as a possible decrease of TCDD's indirect effects on bystander immune cells. Our CD4 Th subset co-culture experiments showed that TCDD-induced pathobiology depended on immune cell balance, suggesting that cytokine-induced microenvironments further modulated toxic effects associated with TCDD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfang Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Department of Environment Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Conghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276003, China
| | - Ying Ge
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Shujuan Li
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Shouliang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Tuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Department of Nanobiomedicine/ENT, University Medical Center of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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40
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Cheng HY, Ning MX, Chen DK, Ma WT. Interactions Between the Gut Microbiota and the Host Innate Immune Response Against Pathogens. Front Immunol 2019; 10:607. [PMID: 30984184 PMCID: PMC6449424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestine is colonized by over a trillion microbes that comprise the "gut microbiota," a microbial community which has co-evolved with the host to form a mutually beneficial relationship. Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota participates in immune system maturation and also plays a central role in host defense against pathogens. Here we review some of the mechanisms employed by the gut microbiota to boost the innate immune response against pathogens present on epithelial mucosal surfaces. Antimicrobial peptide secretion, inflammasome activation and induction of host IL-22, IL-17, and IL-10 production are the most commonly observed strategies employed by the gut microbiota for host anti-pathogen defense. Taken together, the body of evidence suggests that the host gut microbiota can elicit innate immunity against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Cheng
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Meng-Xia Ning
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - De-Kun Chen
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Wen-Tao Ma
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
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41
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Mascolo MG, Perdichizzi S, Vaccari M, Rotondo F, Zanzi C, Grilli S, Paparella M, Jacobs MN, Colacci A. The transformics assay: first steps for the development of an integrated approach to investigate the malignant cell transformation in vitro. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:955-967. [PMID: 29554273 PMCID: PMC6031005 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of alternative methods to animal testing is a priority in the context of regulatory toxicology. Carcinogenesis is a field where the demand for alternative methods is particularly high. The standard rodent carcinogenicity bioassay requires a large use of animals, high costs, prolonged duration and shows several limitations, which can affect the comprehension of the human relevance of animal carcinogenesis. The cell transformation assay (CTA) has long been debated as a possible in vitro test to study carcinogenesis. This assay provides an easily detectable endpoint of oncotransformation, which can be used to anchor the exposure to the acquisition of the malignant phenotype. However, the current protocols do not provide information on either molecular key events supporting the carcinogenesis process, nor the mechanism of action of the test chemicals. In order to improve the use of this assay in the integrated testing strategy for carcinogenesis, we developed the transformics method, which combines the CTA and transcriptomics, to highlight the molecular steps leading to in vitro malignant transformation. We studied 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA), a genotoxic chemical able to induce in vitro cell transformation, at both transforming and subtransforming concentrations in BALB/c 3T3 cells and evaluated the gene modulation at critical steps of the experimental protocol. The results gave evidence for the potential key role of the immune system and the possible involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway as the initial steps of the in vitro transformation process induced by 3-MCA, suggesting that the initiating events are related to non-genotoxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Mascolo
- Center for Environmental Toxicology, Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy, Emilia-Romagna, Viale Filopanti, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Perdichizzi
- Center for Environmental Toxicology, Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy, Emilia-Romagna, Viale Filopanti, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Toxicology, Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy, Emilia-Romagna, Viale Filopanti, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Rotondo
- Center for Environmental Toxicology, Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy, Emilia-Romagna, Viale Filopanti, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Zanzi
- Center for Environmental Toxicology, Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy, Emilia-Romagna, Viale Filopanti, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandro Grilli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Section of Cancerology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martin Paparella
- Chemicals and Biocides, Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miriam N Jacobs
- Department of Toxicology, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Public Health England, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Toxicology, Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy, Emilia-Romagna, Viale Filopanti, Bologna, Italy
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42
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Abstract
Astrocytes play complex roles in health and disease. Here, we review recent findings on molecular pathways that control astrocyte function in multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as new tools for their investigation. In particular, we describe positive and negative regulators of astrocyte-mediated pathogenesis in MS, such as sphingolipid metabolism and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, respectively. In addition, we also discuss the issue of astrocyte heterogeneity and its relevance for the contribution of astrocytes to MS pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss how new genomic tools could transform the study of astrocyte biology in MS.
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43
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Ooi BK, Chan KG, Goh BH, Yap WH. The Role of Natural Products in Targeting Cardiovascular Diseases via Nrf2 Pathway: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1308. [PMID: 30498447 PMCID: PMC6249275 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are closely linked to cellular oxidative stress and inflammation. This may be resulted from the imbalance generation of reactive oxygen species and its role in promoting inflammation, thereby contributing to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that plays a significant role in regulating expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective enzymes in response to oxidative stress. Natural products have emerged as a potential source of bioactive compounds which have shown to protect against atherogenesis development by activating Nrf2 signaling. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the published data on the function, regulation and activation of Nrf2 as well as the molecular mechanisms of natural products in regulating Nrf2 signaling. The beneficial effects of using natural bioactive compounds as a promising therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of CVDs are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Kee Ooi
- School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population, Implementation and Clinical Outcomes, Health and Well-Being Cluster, Global Asia in the 21st Century Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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44
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Gutiérrez-Vázquez C, Quintana FJ. Regulation of the Immune Response by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Immunity 2018; 48:19-33. [PMID: 29343438 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is activated by small molecules provided by the diet, microorganisms, metabolism, and pollutants. AhR is expressed by a number of immune cells, and thus AhR signaling provides a molecular pathway that integrates the effects of the environment and metabolism on the immune response. Studies have shown that AhR signaling plays important roles in the immune system in health and disease. As its activity is regulated by small molecules, AhR also constitutes a potential target for therapeutic immunomodulation. In this review we discuss the role of AhR in the regulation of the immune response in the context of autoimmunity, infection, and cancer, as well as the potential opportunities and challenges of developing AhR-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gutiérrez-Vázquez
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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45
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: A New Player of Pathogenesis and Therapy in Cardiovascular Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6058784. [PMID: 29984241 PMCID: PMC6015699 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6058784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a DNA binding protein that acts as a nuclear receptor mediating xenobiotic metabolism and environmental responses. Owing to the evolutionary conservation of this gene and its widespread expression in the immune and circulatory systems, AhR has for many years been almost exclusively studied by the pharmacological/toxicological field for its role in contaminant toxicity. More recently, the functions of AhR in environmental adaption have been examined in the context of the occurrence, development, and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that AhR is involved in maintaining homeostasis or in triggering pathogenesis by modulating the biological responses of critical cell types in the cardiovascular system. Here, we describe the structure, distribution, and ligands of AhR and the AhR signaling pathway and review the impact of AhR on cardiovascular physiology. We also discuss the potential contribution of AhR as a new potential factor in the targeted treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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46
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) a possible target for the treatment of skin disease. Med Hypotheses 2018; 116:96-100. [PMID: 29857917 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor expressed in all skin cells type. It responds to exogenous and endogenous chemicals by inducing/repressing the expression of several genes with toxic or protective effects in a wide range of species and tissues. In healthy skin, AhR signalling contributes to keratinocytes differentiation, skin barrier function, skin pigmentation, and mediates oxidative stress. In the last years, some studies have shown that AhR seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of some skin diseases, even if the currently available data are contradictory. Indeed, while the blocking the AhR signalling activity could prevent or treat skin cancer, the AhR activation seems to be advantageous for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Therefore, for its multifaceted role in skin diseases, AhR seems to be an attractive therapeutic target. Indeed, recently some molecules have been identified for the prevention of skin cancer and the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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47
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Sadlon T, Brown CY, Bandara V, Hope CM, Schjenken JE, Pederson SM, Breen J, Forrest A, Beyer M, Robertson S, Barry SC. Unravelling the molecular basis for regulatory T-cell plasticity and loss of function in disease. Clin Transl Immunology 2018; 7:e1011. [PMID: 29497530 PMCID: PMC5827651 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are critical for preventing autoimmunity and curtailing responses of conventional effector T cells (Tconv). The reprogramming of T‐cell fate and function to generate Treg requires switching on and off of key gene regulatory networks, which may be initiated by a subtle shift in expression levels of specific genes. This can be achieved by intermediary regulatory processes that include microRNA and long noncoding RNA‐based regulation of gene expression. There are well‐documented microRNA profiles in Treg and Tconv, and these can operate to either reinforce or reduce expression of a specific set of target genes, including FOXP3 itself. This type of feedforward/feedback regulatory loop is normally stable in the steady state, but can alter in response to local cues or genetic risk. This may go some way to explaining T‐cell plasticity. In addition, in chronic inflammation or autoimmunity, altered Treg/Tconv function may be influenced by changes in enhancer–promoter interactions, which are highly cell type‐specific. These interactions are impacted by genetic risk based on genome‐wide association studies and may cause subtle alterations to the gene regulatory networks controlled by or controlling FOXP3 and its target genes. Recent insights into the 3D organisation of chromatin and the mapping of noncoding regulatory regions to the genes they control are shedding new light on the direct impact of genetic risk on T‐cell function and susceptibility to inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Sadlon
- Women's and Children's Health Network North Adelaide SA Australia.,Molecular immunology Robinson Research Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Cheryl Y Brown
- Molecular immunology Robinson Research Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Veronika Bandara
- Molecular immunology Robinson Research Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | | | - John E Schjenken
- Reproductive Immunology Robinson Research Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Stephen M Pederson
- Molecular immunology Robinson Research Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia.,University of Adelaide Bioinformatics Hub University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - James Breen
- Molecular immunology Robinson Research Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia.,University of Adelaide Bioinformatics Hub University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Alistair Forrest
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research University of Western Australia Perth, WA Australia
| | - Marc Beyer
- Deutsches Zentrum fur Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen Bonn Germany
| | - Sarah Robertson
- Reproductive Immunology Robinson Research Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Simon C Barry
- Molecular immunology Robinson Research Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
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48
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Mortha A, Burrows K. Cytokine Networks between Innate Lymphoid Cells and Myeloid Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:191. [PMID: 29467768 PMCID: PMC5808287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an essential component of the innate immune system in vertebrates. They are developmentally rooted in the lymphoid lineage and can diverge into at least three transcriptionally distinct lineages. ILCs seed both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues and are locally self-maintained in tissue-resident pools. Tissue-resident ILCs execute important effector functions making them key regulator in tissue homeostasis, repair, remodeling, microbial defense, and anti-tumor immunity. Similar to T lymphocytes, ILCs possess only few sensory elements for the recognition of non-self and thus depend on extrinsic cellular sensory elements residing within the tissue. Myeloid cells, including mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs), are key sentinels of the tissue and are able to translate environmental cues into an effector profile that instructs lymphocyte responses. The adaptation of myeloid cells to the tissue state thus influences the effector program of ILCs and serves as an example of how environmental signals are integrated into the function of ILCs via a tissue-resident immune cell cross talks. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of myeloid cells in regulating ILC functions and discusses how feedback communication between ILCs and myeloid cells contribute to stabilize immune homeostasis in order to maintain the healthy state of an organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle Burrows
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Weidenbusch M, Rodler S, Song S, Romoli S, Marschner JA, Kraft F, Holderied A, Kumar S, Mulay SR, Honarpisheh M, Kumar Devarapu S, Lech M, Anders HJ. Gene expression profiling of the Notch-AhR-IL22 axis at homeostasis and in response to tissue injury. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170099. [PMID: 29054964 PMCID: PMC5741834 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch and interleukin-22 (IL-22) signaling are known to regulate tissue homeostasis and respond to injury in humans and mice, and the induction of endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) ligands through Notch links the two pathways in a hierarchical fashion. However in adults, the species-, organ- and injury-specific gene expression of the Notch-AhR-IL22 axis components is unknown. We therefore performed gene expression profiling of DLL1, DLL3, DLL4, DLK1, DLK2, JAG1, JAG2, Notch1, Notch2, Notch3, Notch4, ADAM17/TNF-α ADAM metalloprotease converting enzyme (TACE), PSEN1, basigin (BSG)/CD147, RBP-J, HES1, HES5, HEY1, HEYL, AHR, ARNT, ARNT2, CYP1A1, CYP24A1, IL-22, IL22RA1, IL22RA2, IL10RB, and STAT3 under homeostatic conditions in ten mature murine and human organs. Additionally, the expression of these genes was assessed in murine models of acute sterile inflammation and progressive fibrosis. We show that there are organ-specific gene expression profiles of the Notch-AhR-IL22 axis in humans and mice. Although there is an overall interspecies congruency, specific differences between human and murine expression signatures do exist. In murine tissues with AHR/ARNT expression CYP1A1 and IL-22 were correlated with HES5 and HEYL expression, while in human tissues no such correlation was found. Notch and AhR signaling are involved in renal inflammation and fibrosis with specific gene expression changes in each model. Despite the presence of all Notch pathway molecules in the kidney and a model-specific induction of Notch ligands, IL-22 was only up-regulated in acute inflammation, but rapidly down-regulated during regeneration. This implies that for targeting injury responses, e.g. via IL-22, species-specific differences, injury type and time points have to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Weidenbusch
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Severin Rodler
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Shangqing Song
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Romoli
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian A Marschner
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Kraft
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Holderied
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Shrikant R Mulay
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohsen Honarpisheh
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Satish Kumar Devarapu
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Smoking induces DNA methylation changes in Multiple Sclerosis patients with exposure-response relationship. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14589. [PMID: 29109506 PMCID: PMC5674007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is an established environmental risk factor for Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease, although a mechanistic basis remains largely unknown. We aimed at investigating how smoking affects blood DNA methylation in MS patients, by assaying genome-wide DNA methylation and comparing smokers, former smokers and never smokers in two Swedish cohorts, differing for known MS risk factors. Smoking affects DNA methylation genome-wide significantly, an exposure-response relationship exists and the time since smoking cessation affects methylation levels. The results also show that the changes were larger in the cohort bearing the major genetic risk factors for MS (female sex and HLA risk haplotypes). Furthermore, CpG sites mapping to genes with known genetic or functional role in the disease are differentially methylated by smoking. Modeling of the methylation levels for a CpG site in the AHRR gene indicates that MS modifies the effect of smoking on methylation changes, by significantly interacting with the effect of smoking load. Alongside, we report that the gene expression of AHRR increased in MS patients after smoking. Our results suggest that epigenetic modifications may reveal the link between a modifiable risk factor and the pathogenetic mechanisms.
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