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Feng G, Wang G, Li T, Han C, Han K, Guo J, Wan Z, Yang X. Phosphatidylcholine Surface Hydration-Dependent Adsorption to Mucin Enhances Intestinal Mucus Barrier Function. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39169607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The crucial role of zwitterionic phosphatidylcholines (PC) within mucus gel is essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, while the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Herein, we compared the dynamic interfacial adsorption behavior of saturated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and unsaturated dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) to intestinal mucin and their impact on the intestinal mucus barrier function. Results of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation showed that the highly surface-hydrated DPPC vesicles exhibited significantly faster and more extensive adsorption to purified intestinal mucin than the slightly surface-hydrated DOPC vesicles. Utilizing an intestinal Caco-2/HT29-MTX coculture model, we observed that DPPC vesicles adsorbed much more to the mucus gel compared to DOPC vesicles. Additionally, DPPC vesicle adsorption displayed increased wetting, and converse for DOPC vesicles. Interestingly, both of them exhibited nearly the same protective effects against cell injury induced by peptic-tryptic digests of gliadin (PTG). The partial mechanism involved the binding of PTG to DPPC and DOPC within the mucus gel, thereby restricting PTG contact with the underlying epithelial cells. These findings shed light on the intricate interfacial dynamics of PC adsorption to mucin and their implications for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucus barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Feng
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gaoshang Wang
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tanghao Li
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chuanwu Han
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kaining Han
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhili Wan
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Tran T, Senger S, Baldassarre M, Brosnan RA, Cristofori F, Crocco M, De Santis S, Elli L, Faherty CS, Francavilla R, Goodchild-Michelman I, Kenyon VA, Leonard MM, Lima RS, Malerba F, Montuori M, Morelli A, Norsa L, Passaro T, Piemontese P, Reed JC, Sansotta N, Valitutti F, Zomorrodi AR, Fasano A. Novel Bacteroides Vulgatus strain protects against gluten-induced break of human celiac gut epithelial homeostasis: a pre-clinical proof-of-concept study. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1254-1264. [PMID: 38177249 PMCID: PMC11035120 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We have identified a decreased abundance of microbial species known to have a potential anti-inflammatory, protective effect in subjects that developed Celiac Disease (CeD) compared to those who did not. We aim to confirm the potential protective role of one of these species, namely Bacteroides vulgatus, and to mechanistically establish the effect of bacterial bioproducts on gluten-dependent changes on human gut epithelial functions. METHODS We identified, isolated, cultivated, and sequenced a unique novel strain (20220303-A2) of B. vulgatus found only in control subjects. Using a human gut organoid system developed from pre-celiac patients, we monitored epithelial phenotype and innate immune cytokines at baseline, after exposure to gliadin, or gliadin plus B. vulgatus cell free supernatant (CFS). RESULTS Following gliadin exposure, we observed increases in epithelial cell death, epithelial monolayer permeability, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These effects were mitigated upon exposure to B. vulgatus 20220303-A2 CFS, which had matched phenotype gene product mutations. These protective effects were mediated by epigenetic reprogramming of the organoids treated with B. vulgatus CFS. CONCLUSIONS We identified a unique strain of B. vulgatus that may exert a beneficial role by protecting CeD epithelium against a gluten-induced break of epithelial tolerance through miRNA reprogramming. IMPACT Gut dysbiosis precedes the onset of celiac disease in genetically at-risk infants. This dysbiosis is characterized by the loss of protective bacterial strains in those children who will go on to develop celiac disease. The paper reports the mechanism by which one of these protective strains, B. vulgatus, ameliorates the gluten-induced break of gut epithelial homeostasis by epigenetically re-programming the target intestinal epithelium involving pathways controlling permeability, immune response, and cell turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Tran
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Senger
- Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Rachel A Brosnan
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernanda Cristofori
- Pediatric Unit "Bruno Trambusti", Osp Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Crocco
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Ospedale Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania De Santis
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Luca Elli
- Celiac Disease Referral Center, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Christina S Faherty
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruggero Francavilla
- Pediatric Unit "Bruno Trambusti", Osp Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Goodchild-Michelman
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria A Kenyon
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maureen M Leonard
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosiane S Lima
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federica Malerba
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Ospedale Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Montuori
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Morelli
- Pediatric Training Program, University of Salerno School of Medicine, Salerno, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Norsa
- Pediatric Hepatology Gastroenterology and Transplant Unit, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Passaro
- Celiac Disease Referral Center, "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona" University Hospital, Pole of Cava de' Tirreni, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pasqua Piemontese
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - James C Reed
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naire Sansotta
- Pediatric Hepatology Gastroenterology and Transplant Unit, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Francesco Valitutti
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ali R Zomorrodi
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, Boston, MA, USA.
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
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Fasano A, Matera M. Probiotics to Prevent Celiac Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1449:95-111. [PMID: 39060733 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58572-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) is dramatically increasing in the developed world, resulting in an increased burden of disease in childhood. Currently, there are limited effective strategies for treating or preventing these conditions. To date, myriads of cross-sectional studies have described alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota in a variety of disease states, after the disease has already occurred. We suggest that to mechanically link these microbiome changes with disease pathogenesis, a prospective cohort design is needed to capture changes that precede or coincide with disease onset and symptoms. In addition, these prospective studies must integrate microbiological, metagenomic, meta transcriptomic and metabolomic data with minimal and standardized clinical and environmental metadata that allow to correctly compare and interpret the results of the analysis of the human microbiota in order to build a system-level model of the interactions between the host and the development of the disease. The creation of new biological computational models thus constructed will allow us to finally move from the detection of simple elements of "association" to the identification of elements of real "causality" allowing to provide a mechanistic approach to the exploration of the development of CIDs.This can only be done when these diseases are studied as complex biological networks. In this chapter we discuss the current knowledge regarding the contribution of the microbiome to CID in childhood, focusing on celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease, with the overall aim of identifying pathways to shift research from descriptive to mechanistic approaches. We then examine how some components of the microbiota, through epigenetic reprogramming, can start the march from genetic predisposition to clinical expression of CIDs, thus opening up new possibilities for intervention, through microbiota therapy targeting the manipulation of the composition and function of the microbiota, for future applications of precision medicine and primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Fasano
- Research Centre for Immunology and Mucosal Biology and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children - Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, MA.
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General for Children - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mariarosaria Matera
- Neonatologist, Neurodevelopmental Clinics and Pediatric Clinical Microbiomic - Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy
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Cenni S, Sesenna V, Boiardi G, Casertano M, Russo G, Reginelli A, Esposito S, Strisciuglio C. The Role of Gluten in Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071615. [PMID: 37049456 PMCID: PMC10096482 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluten is only partially digested by intestinal enzymes and can generate peptides that can alter intestinal permeability, facilitating bacterial translocation, thus affecting the immune system. Few studies addressed the role of diet with gluten in the development of intestinal inflammation and in other gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this narrative review was to analyse the role of gluten in several gastrointestinal diseases so as to give a useful overview of its effectiveness in the prevention and management of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Cenni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Sesenna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Boiardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marianna Casertano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Russo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Reginelli
- Radiology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-5665464; Fax: +39-081-7462679
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Aguilar EC, Fernandes-Braga W, Leocádio PCL, Campos GP, Lemos VS, de Oliveira RP, Caetano de Faria AM, Dos Santos Aggum Capettini L, Alvarez-Leite JI. Dietary gluten worsens hepatic steatosis by increasing inflammation and oxidative stress in ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2023; 14:3332-3347. [PMID: 36940107 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disorder in the world. We have seen that gluten intake exacerbated obesity and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. In this study, we investigated the effect of gluten consumption on inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver of mice with NAFLD. Male ApoE-/- mice were fed a gluten-free (GF-HFD) or gluten-containing (G-HFD) high-fat diet for 10 weeks. Blood, liver, and spleen were collected to perform the analyses. The animals of the gluten group had increased hepatic steatosis, followed by increased serum AST and ALT. Gluten intake increased hepatic infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils, as well as the levels of chemotaxis-related factors CCL2, Cxcl2, and Cxcr3. The production of the TNF, IL-1β, IFNγ, and IL-4 cytokines in the liver was also increased by gluten intake. Furthermore, gluten exacerbated the hepatic lipid peroxidation and nitrotyrosine deposition, which were associated with increased production of ROS and nitric oxide. These effects were related to increased expression of NADPH oxidase and iNOS, as well as decreased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes. There was an increased hepatic expression of the NF-κB and AP1 transcription factors, corroborating the worsening effect of gluten on inflammation and oxidative stress. Finally, we found an increased frequency of CD4+FOXP3+ lymphocytes in the spleen and increased gene expression of Foxp3 in the livers of the G-HFD group. In conclusion, dietary gluten aggravates NAFLD, exacerbating hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese ApoE-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edenil Costa Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Weslley Fernandes-Braga
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil. .,Precision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Paola Caroline Lacerda Leocádio
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Gianne Paul Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Virginia Soares Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Maria Caetano de Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | | | - Jacqueline I Alvarez-Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Protective effects of Acetobacter ghanensis against gliadin toxicity in intestinal epithelial cells with immunoregulatory and gluten-digestive properties. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:605-614. [PMID: 36175797 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to establish whether Acetobacter ghanensis, the probiotic characteristics of which were evaluated previously, attenuates gliadin-induced toxicity in intestinal epithelial cells with gluten-digestive and immunoregulatory properties. METHODS A co-culture model of human intestinal epithelial cell (Caco-2) monolayers on top of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from patients with celiac disease (CD) was established. The gluten-digestive properties of A. ghanensis were determined by checking bacterial growth in a medium containing gluten as the main nitrogen source. The mRNA levels of genes encoding TJ-associated proteins were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The concentrations of IL-6 and TNFα were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We found that PT-gliadin disrupted intestinal barrier integrity by modulating the expression of TJ-associated genes encoding zonulin (increased by ~ 60%), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) (decreased by ~ 22%), and occludin (decreased by ~ 28%) in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, PT-gliadin treatment in Caco-2 cells was associated with increased concentrations of IL-6 (~ 1.6-fold) and TNFα (~ twofold) from PBMCs. These modulatory effects of PT-gliadin, however, were suppressed when Caco-2 cells were subjected to A. ghanensis in the presence of PT-gliadin. As a factor underlying these protective effects, we showed that A. ghanensis could digest gluten peptides. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, the current study is the first to demonstrate that A. ghanensis improves intestinal barrier functions by attenuating the modulatory effects of PT-gliadin with immunoregulatory and gluten-digestive properties.
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Olazagoitia-Garmendia A. Pepsin-trypsin digested gliadin treatment in intestinal cells. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 179:1-11. [PMID: 37625867 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an intestinal autoimmune disorder developed in genetically susceptible individuals upon gluten ingestion. Gliadin is known to be the most immunogenic gluten component, which can activate the host immune response represented by NFkB activation and release of proinflammatory cytokines as IL8. However, many aspects of the involvement of gliadin in CD pathophysiology is not well understood yet. Lack of a CD animal model increases difficulty elucidating key steps in CD development, what increases the importance of in vitro experiments. Here we present a protocol for in vitro pepsin-trypsin digested gliadin (PTG) treatment for long term studies in HCT116 intestinal cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Olazagoitia-Garmendia
- University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia, Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
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Molaaghaee‐Rouzbahani S, Asri N, Jahani‐Sherafat S, Amani D, Masotti A, Baghaei K, Yadegar A, Mirjalali H, Rostami‐Nejad M. The modulation of macrophage subsets in celiac disease pathogenesis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e741. [PMID: 36444633 PMCID: PMC9667199 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND So far, limited studies have focused on the role of Macrophages (MQs) in the development or progression of celiac disease (CD). Researchers believe that increasing knowledge about the function of MQs in inflammatory disorders plays a critical role in finding a new treatment for these kinds of diseases. MAIN BODY CD is a permanent autoimmune intestinal disorder triggered by gluten exposure in predisposed individuals. This disorder happens due to the loss of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity characterized by dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses. MQs are known as key players of the innate immune system that link innate and adaptive immunity. MQs of human intestinal lamina propria participate in maintaining tissue homeostasis, and also intestinal inflammation development. Previous studies suggested that gliadin triggers a proinflammatory phenotype (M1 MQ) in human primary MQs. Moreover, M2-related immunosuppressive mediators are also present in CD. In fact, CD patients present an impaired transition from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory responses due to inappropriate responses to gliadin peptides. CONCLUSION The M1/M2 MQs polarization balancing regulators can be considered novel therapeutic targets for celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nastaran Asri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Somayeh Jahani‐Sherafat
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Davar Amani
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital‐IRCCSResearch LaboratoriesRomeItaly
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Rostami‐Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Feng G, Han K, Yang Q, Feng W, Guo J, Wang J, Yang X. Interaction of Pyrogallol-Containing Polyphenols with Mucin Reinforces Intestinal Mucus Barrier Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9536-9546. [PMID: 35852590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High consumption of polyphenol-rich green tea, coffee, fruits, and vegetables is associated with a low risk of human chronic diseases. Recent studies highlight the relevance of polyphenol-mediated gut microbiota modulation and its impact on mucus barrier. Herein, we study the direct interaction of epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and tannic acid (TA) with intestinal mucin by isothermal titration calorimetry and multiple particle tracking and the impact on mucus barrier using ex vivo mucus and Caco-2/HT29-MTX cocultures. Results show that pyrogallol-containing polyphenols EGCG and TA exhibit strong binding to intestinal mucin and reinforce mucus barrier, whereas EC does not. ECGG and TA also mitigate gliadin-mediated cytotoxicity and inflammation. The chemical binding of EGCG and TA to the nucleophilic thiol groups of mucins shows their roles as cross-linkers of mucin networks. These results bring a novel understanding of the health benefits of polyphenols and provide support for the consumption of pyrogallol-containing beverages like green tea as a potential dietary therapy for gluten-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Feng
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kaining Han
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weiting Feng
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Rotondi Aufiero V, Sapone A, Mazzarella G. Diploid Wheats: Are They Less Immunogenic for Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitive Consumers? Cells 2022; 11:2389. [PMID: 35954233 PMCID: PMC9368055 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is a clinical entity induced by the ingestion of gluten that leads to intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms, and is diagnosed when celiac disease and wheat allergy have been ruled out. In addition to gluten, other grains' components, including amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) and fermentable short-chain carbohydrates (FODMAPs), may trigger symptoms in NCWS subjects. Several studies suggest that, compared with tetraploid and hexaploid modern wheats, ancient diploid wheats species could possess a lower immunogenicity for subjects suffering from NCWS. This review aims to discuss available evidence related to the immunological features of diploid wheats compared to common wheats, and at outlining new dietary opportunities for NCWS subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Sapone
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
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11
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Trasciatti S, Piras F, Bonaretti S, Marini S, Nencioni S, Biasci E, Egan CG, Nannipieri F. Effect of oral cholecalciferol in a murine model of celiac disease: A dose ranging study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 220:106083. [PMID: 35257869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown a relationship between vitamin D and celiac disease (CD), however little evidence is available examining the direct effects of vitamin D on pathological features of this disease. In this study we evaluated the effect of oral administration of different doses of native vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) in enteropathic mice. Female non-obese diabetic (NOD)/ShiLt.J mice were fed standard or gluten-free diet and administered gliadin (5 μg/kg) to induce a celiac pathology. Healthy control (gluten-free diet, without gliadin) and control for pathology (standard diet, with gliadin) were administered olive oil. All other experimental groups received gliadin and standard diet plus oral cholecalciferol (5, 10, 20, 50 and 130 μg/kg). Serum levels of 25(OH)D3, calcium and zonulin and expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), CD3 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) by immunohistochemistry as well as intestinal histological and histomorphometric analyses were undertaken. Although no difference in serum levels of 25(OH)D3, calcium or zonulin was observed in cholecalciferol-treated mice vs. healthy controls, a significant improvement in intestinal mucosa pathological features in mice administered cholecalciferol was observed by histological analysis. Villi length was also significantly increased by cholecalciferol in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical staining revealed increased expression of CD3 and ZO-1 in celiac mice compared to mice receiving high dose (130 μg/kg) cholecalciferol. These findings show the effect of oral cholecalciferol on signature features of CD in a mouse model of CD. Further dose-ranging studies to investigate the efficacy of cholecalciferol for the treatment of CD are warranted.
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12
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Assessing Hydrolyzed Gluten Content in Dietary Enzyme Supplements Following Fermentation. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Partially digested gluten fragments from grains including wheat, rye, spelt and barley are responsible for triggering an inflammatory response in the intestinal tract of Celiac Disease (CD) and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitive (NCGS) individuals. Fermentation is an effective method to metabolize gluten, with enzymes from bacterial or fungal species being released to help in this process. However, the levels of gluten in commercially available enzymes, including those involved in gluten fermentation, are unknown. In this study we investigated gluten levels in commercially available dietary enzymes combined with assessing their effect on inflammatory response in human cell culture assays. Using antibodies that recognize different gluten epitopes (G12, R5, 2D4, MloBS and Skerritt), we employed ELISA and immunoblotting methodologies to determine gluten content in crude gluten, crude gliadin, pepsin-trypsin digested gluten and a selection of commercially available enzymes. We further investigated the effect of these compounds on inflammatory response in immortalized immune and intestinal human cell lines, as well as in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from coeliac individuals. All tested supplemental enzyme products reported a gluten concentration that was equivalent to or below 20 parts per million (ppm) as compared with an intact wheat reference standard and a pepsin-trypsin digested standard. Similarly, the inflammatory response to IL-8 and TNF-α inflammatory cytokines in mammalian cell lines and PBMCs from coeliac individuals to the commercial enzymes was not significantly different to 20 ppm of crude gluten, crude gliadin or pepsin-trypsin digested gluten. This combined approach provides insight into the extent of gluten breakdown in the fermentation process and the safety of these products to gluten-sensitive individuals.
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13
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Pavlicevic M, Marmiroli N, Maestri E. Immunomodulatory peptides-A promising source for novel functional food production and drug discovery. Peptides 2022; 148:170696. [PMID: 34856531 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory peptides are a complex class of bioactive peptides that encompasses substances with different mechanisms of action. Immunomodulatory peptides could also be used in vaccines as adjuvants which would be extremely desirable, especially in response to pandemics. Thus, immunomodulatory peptides in food of plant origin could be regarded both as valuable suplements of novel functional food preparation and/or as precursors or possible active ingredients for drugs design for treatment variety of conditions arising from impaired function of immune system. Given variety of mechanisms, different tests are required to assess effects of immunomodulatory peptides. Some of those effects show good correlation with in vivo results but others, less so. Certain plant peptides, such as defensins, show both immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effect, which makes them interesting candidates for preparation of functional food and feed, as well as templates for design of synthetic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Pavlicevic
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nelson Marmiroli
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, and Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Maestri
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, and Interdepartmental Center SITEIA.PARMA, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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14
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Abstract
Celiac disease is a chronic, immune-mediated enteropathy driven by dietary gluten found in genetically susceptible hosts. It has a worldwide distribution, is one of the most common autoimmune disorders globally, and is the only autoimmune condition for which the trigger is known. Despite advances in characterizing mechanisms of disease, gaps in understanding of celiac disease pathogenesis remain. A "frontier" concept is considering what moves an HLA-DQ2 or DQ8-positive individual from asymptomatic gluten tolerance to celiac disease manifestation. In this arena, environmental triggers, including age at the time of initial gluten exposure, the occurrence of usual childhood viral infections, and microbiome alterations have emerged as key events in triggering the symptomatic disease. Pathologists play a major role in frontier aspects of celiac disease. This includes the discovery that duodenal mucosal histology in follow-up biopsies does not correlate with ongoing patient symptoms, antitissue transglutaminase antibody titers and diet adherence in celiac disease patients. Further, in light of recent evidence that the detection of monoclonal T-cell populations in formalin-fixed biopsies is not specific for type II refractory celiac disease, pathologists should resist performing such analyses until common causes of "apparent" refractoriness are excluded. The promise of therapies in celiac disease has led to clinical trials targeting many steps in the inflammatory cascade, which depend upon a pathologist's confirmation of the initial diagnosis and evaluation of responses to therapies. As pathologists continue to be active participants in celiac disease research, partnering with other stakeholders, we will continue to impact this important autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Patel
- El Camino Pathology Medical Group, Mountain View, CA
| | - Marie E Robert
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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15
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Olazagoitia-Garmendia A, Zhang L, Mera P, Godbout JK, Sebastian-DelaCruz M, Garcia-Santisteban I, Mendoza LM, Huerta A, Irastorza I, Bhagat G, Green PH, Herrero L, Serra D, Rodriguez JA, Verdu EF, He C, Bilbao JR, Castellanos-Rubio A. Gluten-induced RNA methylation changes regulate intestinal inflammation via allele-specific XPO1 translation in epithelial cells. Gut 2022; 71:68-76. [PMID: 33526437 PMCID: PMC8666699 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coeliac disease (CD) is a complex autoimmune disorder that develops in genetically susceptible individuals. Dietary gluten triggers an immune response for which the only available treatment so far is a strict, lifelong gluten free diet. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes and several non-HLA regions have been associated with the genetic susceptibility to CD, but their role in the pathogenesis of the disease is still essentially unknown, making it complicated to develop much needed non-dietary treatments. Here, we describe the functional involvement of a CD-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the 5'UTR of XPO1 in the inflammatory environment characteristic of the coeliac intestinal epithelium. DESIGN The function of the CD-associated SNP was investigated using an intestinal cell line heterozygous for the SNP, N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-related knock-out and HLA-DQ2 mice, and human samples from patients with CD. RESULTS Individuals harbouring the risk allele had higher m6A methylation in the 5'UTR of XPO1 RNA, rendering greater XPO1 protein amounts that led to downstream nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) activity and subsequent inflammation. Furthermore, gluten exposure increased overall m6A methylation in humans as well as in in vitro and in vivo models. CONCLUSION We identify a novel m6A-XPO1-NFkB pathway that is activated in CD patients. The findings will prompt the development of new therapeutic approaches directed at m6A proteins and XPO1, a target under evaluation for the treatment of intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Olazagoitia-Garmendia
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Linda Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paula Mera
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie K Godbout
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maialen Sebastian-DelaCruz
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Iraia Garcia-Santisteban
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Mendoza
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Alain Huerta
- Enfermedades Digestivas, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdacano, Spain
| | - Iñaki Irastorza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Celiac Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter H Green
- Celiac Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Rodriguez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jose Ramon Bilbao
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainara Castellanos-Rubio
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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16
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Oreshko LS, Bakulin IG, Avalueva EB, Semenova EA, Sitkin SI. Modern understanding of adult celiac disease. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021:84-95. [DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-188-4-84-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The article presents a modern view of celiac disease within the framework of the classification concept of gluten- associated disorders. The prevalence of the disease, the modern model of the etiopathogenesis of celiac disease, clinical manifestations, and the possibilities of differential diagnosis are discussed. According to the European guidelines, a strategy for monitoring outpatients with celiac disease is presented, based on baseline characteristics of the disease, regular doctor- patient interaction, and prevention of gluten- associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. S. Oreshko
- North- Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation
| | - I. G. Bakulin
- North- Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation
| | - E. B. Avalueva
- North- Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation
| | - E. A. Semenova
- North- Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation
| | - S. I. Sitkin
- North- Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation;
Federal State Budgetary Institution “Almazov National Medical Research Centre” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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17
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Herrera MG, Nicoletti F, Gras M, Dörfler PW, Tonali N, Hannappel Y, Ennen I, Hütten A, Hellweg T, Lammers KM, Dodero VI. Pepsin Digest of Gliadin Forms Spontaneously Amyloid-Like Nanostructures Influencing the Expression of Selected Pro-Inflammatory, Chemoattractant, and Apoptotic Genes in Caco-2 Cells: Implications for Gluten-Related Disorders. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100200. [PMID: 34110092 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Proteolysis-resistant gliadin peptides are intensely investigated in biomedical research relates to celiac disease and gluten-related disorders. Herein, the first integrated supramolecular investigation of pepsin-digested gliadin peptides (p-gliadin) is presented in combination with its functional behavior in the Caco-2 cell line. METHODS AND RESULTS First, gliadins are degraded by pepsin at pH 3, and the physicochemical properties of p-gliadin are compared with gliadin. An integrated approach using interfacial, spectroscopic, and microscopic techniques reveals that the p-gliadin forms spontaneously soluble large supramolecular structures, mainly oligomers and fibrils, capable of binding amyloid-sensitive dyes. The self-assembly of p-gliadin starts at a concentration of 0.40 µg mL-1 . Second, the stimulation of Caco-2 cells with the p-gliadin supramolecular system is performed, and the mRNA expression levels of a panel of genes are tested. The experiments show that p-gliadin composed of supramolecular structures triggers significant mRNA up-regulation (p < 0.05) of pro-apoptotic biomarkers (ratio Bcl2/Bak-1), chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL8), and the chemokine receptor CXCR3. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that p-gliadin is interfacial active, forming spontaneously amyloid-type structures that trigger genes in the Caco-2 cell line involved in recruiting specialized immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georgina Herrera
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry III, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany.,Institute of Biological Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Dr. Alejandro Paladini, University of Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Francesco Nicoletti
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry III, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Marion Gras
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry III, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Philipp W Dörfler
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry III, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Nicolo Tonali
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry III, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, BioCIS, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, 92296, France
| | - Yvonne Hannappel
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Inga Ennen
- Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Andreas Hütten
- Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Karen M Lammers
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry III, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany.,Tubascan Ltd., Science Park 106, Amsterdam, 1098 XG, the Netherlands
| | - Veronica I Dodero
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry III, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
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18
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Torun A, Hupalowska A, Trzonkowski P, Kierkus J, Pyrzynska B. Intestinal Microbiota in Common Chronic Inflammatory Disorders Affecting Children. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642166. [PMID: 34163468 PMCID: PMC8215716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence rate of chronic inflammatory disorders is on the rise in the pediatric population. Recent research indicates the crucial role of interactions between the altered intestinal microbiome and the immune system in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory disorders in children, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CeD). Here, we review recent knowledge concerning the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these disorders, and summarize the facts suggesting that the initiation and progression of IBD, T1DM, and CeD can be partially attributed to disturbances in the patterns of composition and abundance of the gut microbiota. The standard available therapies for chronic inflammatory disorders in children largely aim to treat symptoms. Although constant efforts are being made to maximize the quality of life for children in the long-term, sustained improvements are still difficult to achieve. Additional challenges are the changing physiology associated with growth and development of children, a population that is particularly susceptible to medication-related adverse effects. In this review, we explore new promising therapeutic approaches aimed at modulation of either gut microbiota or the activity of the immune system to induce a long-lasting remission of chronic inflammatory disorders. Recent preclinical studies and clinical trials have evaluated new approaches, for instance the adoptive transfer of immune cells, with genetically engineered regulatory T cells expressing antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptors. These approaches have revolutionized cancer treatments and have the potential for the protection of high-risk children from developing autoimmune diseases and effective management of inflammatory disorders. The review also focuses on the findings of studies that indicate that the responses to a variety of immunotherapies can be enhanced by strategic manipulation of gut microbiota, thus emphasizing on the importance of proper interaction between the gut microbiota and immune system for sustained health benefits and improvement of the quality of life of pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Torun
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Hupalowska
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kierkus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Pyrzynska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Abstract
Gluten is a common dietary component with a complex protein structure. It forms incomplete products of digestion, which have the potential to mount an immune response in genetically predisposed individuals, resulting in celiac disease. It also has been linked with nonceliac gluten sensitivity and irritable bowel syndrome due to wheat allergy. A gluten-free diet is an effective treatment of these conditions; however, it can lead to micronutrient and mineral deficiencies and a macronutrient imbalance with higher sugar and lipid intake. Recent popularity has led to greater availability, but increasing cost, of commercially available gluten-free products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naueen A Chaudhry
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, 1329 Southwest 16th Street, Suite 5251, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Chelsea Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, 1329 Southwest 16th Street, Suite 5251, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Peter H R Green
- Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - S Devi Rampertab
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, 1329 Southwest 16th Street, Suite 5251, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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20
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D'Avino P, Serena G, Kenyon V, Fasano A. An updated overview on celiac disease: from immuno-pathogenesis and immuno-genetics to therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:269-284. [PMID: 33472447 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1880320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by ingestion of gluten. While presenting many similarities with other autoimmune diseases, celiac disease is unique in that the external trigger, gluten, and the genetic background necessary for disease development (HLA DQ2/DQ8) are well described. The prevalence of celiac disease is dramatically increasing over the years and new epidemiologic data show changes regarding age of onset and symptoms. A better understanding of CD-pathogenesis is fundamental to highlight the reasons of this rise of celiac diagnoses. AREAS COVERED In this review we describe CD-pathogenesis by dissecting all the components necessary to lose tolerance to gluten (ingestion of gluten, genetic predisposition, loss of barrier function and immune response). Additionally, we also highlight the role that microbiome plays in celiac disease as well as new proposed therapies and experimental tools. EXPERT OPINION Prevalence of autoimmune diseases is increasing around the world. As a result, modern society is strongly impacted by a social and economic burden. Given the unique characteristics of celiac disease, a better understanding of its pathogenesis and the factors that contribute to it may shed light on other autoimmune diseases for which external trigger and genetic background are not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo D'Avino
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Serena
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria Kenyon
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
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21
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Gliadin Sequestration as a Novel Therapy for Celiac Disease: A Prospective Application for Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020595. [PMID: 33435615 PMCID: PMC7826989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a heightened immune response to gluten proteins in the diet, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms and mucosal damage localized to the small intestine. Despite its prevalence, the only treatment currently available for celiac disease is complete avoidance of gluten proteins in the diet. Ongoing clinical trials have focused on targeting the immune response or gluten proteins through methods such as immunosuppression, enhanced protein degradation and protein sequestration. Recent studies suggest that polyphenols may elicit protective effects within the celiac disease milieu by disrupting the enzymatic hydrolysis of gluten proteins, sequestering gluten proteins from recognition by critical receptors in pathogenesis and exerting anti-inflammatory effects on the system as a whole. This review highlights mechanisms by which polyphenols can protect against celiac disease, takes a critical look at recent works and outlines future applications for this potential treatment method.
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22
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Serena G, D'Avino P, Fasano A. Celiac Disease and Non-celiac Wheat Sensitivity: State of Art of Non-dietary Therapies. Front Nutr 2020; 7:152. [PMID: 33015123 PMCID: PMC7506149 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten related disorders (GRD), which include celiac disease, non-celiac wheat sensitivity and wheat allergy are heterogeneous conditions triggered by ingestion of gluten-containing grains. Together, their prevalence is estimated to be ~5% in the general population, however, in the last years the number of diagnoses has been rapidly increasing. To this day, the gold standard treatment for these disorders is the complete removal of gluten-containing grains from the diet. Although this therapy results effective in the majority of patients, up to 30% of individuals affected by GRD continue to present persistent symptoms. In addition, gluten-free diet has been shown to have poor nutritional quality and to cause a socio-economic burden in patients' quality of life. In order to respond to these issues, the scientific community has been focusing on finding additional and adjuvant non-dietary therapies. In this review, we focus on two main gluten related disorders, celiac disease and non-celiac wheat sensitivity. We delineate the actual knowledge about potential treatments and their relative efficacy in pre-clinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Serena
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paolo D'Avino
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
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23
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Di Liberto D, D’Anneo A, Carlisi D, Emanuele S, De Blasio A, Calvaruso G, Giuliano M, Lauricella M. Brain Opioid Activity and Oxidative Injury: Different Molecular Scenarios Connecting Celiac Disease and Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E437. [PMID: 32659996 PMCID: PMC7407635 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac Disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disease triggered by the ingestion of wheat gliadin and related prolamins from other cereals, such as barley and rye. Immunity against these cereal-derived proteins is mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by both innate and adaptive system response in individuals unable to adequately digest them. Peptides generated in this condition are absorbed across the gut barrier, which in these patients is characterized by the deregulation of its permeability. Here, we discuss a possible correlation between CD and Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) pathogenesis. ASD can be induced by an excessive and inappropriate brain opioid activity during the neonatal period. Cereal-derived peptides produced in celiac patients cross the blood-brain barrier and bind to endogenous opioid receptors interfering with neurotransmission and generating deleterious effects on brain maturation, learning and social relations. Moreover, an increase in oxidative stress and a decrease in the antioxidant capacity, as well as an extended mitochondrial impairment in the brain, could represent a possible connection between ASD and CD. Therefore, we critically discuss the proposed relationship between ASD and CD and the possible usefulness of a gluten-free diet in ASD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (G.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Sonia Emanuele
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (G.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Calvaruso
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (G.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (G.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (S.E.)
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24
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Luongo D, Treppiccione L, Maurano F, Rossi M, Bergamo P. The murine enterocyte cell line Mode-K is a novel and reliable in vitro model for studies on gluten toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Vici G, Camilletti D, Polzonetti V. Possible Role of Vitamin D in Celiac Disease Onset. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1051. [PMID: 32290294 PMCID: PMC7231074 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beside skeletal system maintenance and protection, possible extra-calcium roles of vitamin D have been recently described. In particular, studies have investigated possible roles of vitamin D as a key modulator of inflammation and immune mechanisms and of the intestinal mucosa barrier. In this regard, vitamin D has been considered as a factor that affects different conditions such as immune-mediated diseases. The new emerging role of vitamin D and its involvement in immune modulation has led it to be considered as a possible key factor involved in celiac disease (CD) onset. CD is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy of the small intestine that is triggered by dietary gluten protein exposure in individuals who are genetically predisposed. However, along with gluten, other environmental factors are also involved in CD onset. The renewed interest in a molecule that offers great possibilities for new roles has led to an increase in studies, although there remains a lack of studies aimed at contextualizing the role of vitamin D on CD. This review aims to define the possible role of vitamin D in CD onset as it is presently understood, taking into account potential links among vitamin D, the immune system and CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Vici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Dalia Camilletti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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26
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Dedrick S, Sundaresh B, Huang Q, Brady C, Yoo T, Cronin C, Rudnicki C, Flood M, Momeni B, Ludvigsson J, Altindis E. The Role of Gut Microbiota and Environmental Factors in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:78. [PMID: 32174888 PMCID: PMC7057241 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is regarded as an autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency resulting from destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The incidence rates of T1D have increased worldwide. Over the past decades, progress has been made in understanding the complexity of the immune response and its role in T1D pathogenesis, however, the trigger of T1D autoimmunity remains unclear. The increasing incidence rates, immigrant studies, and twin studies suggest that environmental factors play an important role and the trigger cannot simply be explained by genetic predisposition. Several research initiatives have identified environmental factors that potentially contribute to the onset of T1D autoimmunity and the progression of disease in children/young adults. More recently, the interplay between gut microbiota and the immune system has been implicated as an important factor in T1D pathogenesis. Although results often vary between studies, broad compositional and diversity patterns have emerged from both longitudinal and cross-sectional human studies. T1D patients have a less diverse gut microbiota, an increased prevalence of Bacteriodetes taxa and an aberrant metabolomic profile compared to healthy controls. In this comprehensive review, we present the data obtained from both animal and human studies focusing on the large longitudinal human studies. These studies are particularly valuable in elucidating the environmental factors that lead to aberrant gut microbiota composition and potentially contribute to T1D. We also discuss how environmental factors, such as birth mode, diet, and antibiotic use modulate gut microbiota and how this potentially contributes to T1D. In the final section, we focus on existing recent literature on microbiota-produced metabolites, proteins, and gut virome function as potential protectants or triggers of T1D onset. Overall, current results indicate that higher levels of diversity along with the presence of beneficial microbes and the resulting microbial-produced metabolites can act as protectors against T1D onset. However, the specifics of the interplay between host and microbes are yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Dedrick
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | | | - Qian Huang
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Claudia Brady
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Tessa Yoo
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Catherine Cronin
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Caitlin Rudnicki
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Michael Flood
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Babak Momeni
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emrah Altindis
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
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27
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Tye-Din JA, Skodje GI, Sarna VK, Dzuris JL, Russell AK, Goel G, Wang S, Goldstein KE, Williams LJ, Sollid LM, Lundin KEA, Anderson RP. Cytokine release after gluten ingestion differentiates coeliac disease from self-reported gluten sensitivity. United European Gastroenterol J 2020; 8:108-118. [PMID: 32213060 PMCID: PMC7006000 DOI: 10.1177/2050640619874173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosing coeliac disease (CD) in patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD) is difficult. Ingesting gluten elevates circulating interleukin (IL)-2, IL-8 and IL-10 in CD patients on a GFD. OBJECTIVE We tested whether cytokine release after gluten ingestion differentiates patients with CD from those with self-reported gluten sensitivity (SR-GS). METHODS Australian patients with CD (n = 26) and SR-GS (n = 18) on a GFD consumed bread (estimated gluten 6 g). Serum at baseline and at 3 and 4 h was tested for IL-2, IL-8 and IL-10. Separately, Norwegian SR-GS patients (n = 49) had plasma cytokine assessment at baseline and at 2, 4 and 6 h after food bars containing gluten (5.7 g), fructan or placebo in a previous double-blind crossover study. RESULTS Gluten significantly elevated serum IL-2, IL-8 and IL-10 at 3 and 4 h in patients with CD but not SR-GS. The highest median fold-change from baseline at 4 h was for IL-2 (8.06, IQR: 1.52-24.0; P < 0.0001, Wilcoxon test). The two SR-GS cohorts included only one (1.5%) confirmed IL-2 responder, and cytokine responses to fructan and placebo were no different to gluten. Overall, cytokine release after gluten was present in 22 (85%) CD participants, but 2 of the 4 non-responders remained clinically well after 1 y on an unrestricted diet. Hence, cytokine release occurred in 22 (92%) of 24 'verified' CD participants. CONCLUSIONS Gluten challenge with high-sensitivity cytokine assessment differentiates CD from SR-GS in patients on a GFD and identifies patients likely to tolerate gluten reintroduction. Systemic cytokine release indicating early immune activation by gluten in CD individuals cannot be detected in SR-GS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Tye-Din
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gry I Skodje
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Unit for Clinical Nutrition, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vikas K Sarna
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Amy K Russell
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut EA Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Serena G, Huynh D, Lima RS, Vise LM, Freire R, Ingano L, Leonard MM, Senger S, Fasano A. Intestinal Epithelium Modulates Macrophage Response to Gliadin in Celiac Disease. Front Nutr 2019; 6:167. [PMID: 31750310 PMCID: PMC6848268 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by ingestion of gluten. Although its pathogenesis has been extensively studied and the contribution from both innate and adaptive immune responses has been reported, little is still known about the contribution of macrophages to the onset or maintenance of the disease. Macrophages are extremely plastic immune cells that can be directed toward a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype by the surrounding microenvironment. Of note, gliadin, the most prominent causative agent of the disease, has been reported to trigger the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in this cell population. In the present study, we aimed at investigating how the intestinal milieu and more specifically the epithelium can shape the macrophage response to gliadin. Using patient-derived organoids we showed that the intestinal epithelium derived from celiac disease donors releases anti-inflammatory factors that curb the macrophage response to gliadin. Furthermore, we uncovered that the celiac macrophages were better responders than macrophages derived from non-celiac controls. Finally, we demonstrated that IFNγ released by the epithelium is in part responsible of the observed anti-inflammatory effect. Our data shed light on the cross–talk between the immune system and the epithelium and its critical role in the intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, we provide more evidence how alterations in the innate immune machinery in celiac patients may contribute to the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Serena
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Huynh
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rosiane S Lima
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luciana M Vise
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rachel Freire
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Laura Ingano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maureen M Leonard
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stefania Senger
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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29
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Caio G, Volta U, Sapone A, Leffler DA, De Giorgio R, Catassi C, Fasano A. Celiac disease: a comprehensive current review. BMC Med 2019; 17:142. [PMID: 31331324 PMCID: PMC6647104 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease remains a challenging condition because of a steady increase in knowledge tackling its pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and possible therapeutic options. MAIN BODY A major milestone in the history of celiac disease was the identification of tissue transglutaminase as the autoantigen, thereby confirming the autoimmune nature of this disorder. A genetic background (HLA-DQ2/DQ8 positivity and non-HLA genes) is a mandatory determinant of the development of the disease, which occurs with the contribution of environmental factors (e.g., viral infections and dysbiosis of gut microbiota). Its prevalence in the general population is of approximately 1%, with female predominance. The disease can occur at any age, with a variety of symptoms/manifestations. This multifaceted clinical presentation leads to several phenotypes, i.e., gastrointestinal, extraintestinal, subclinical, potential, seronegative, non-responsive, and refractory. Although small intestinal biopsy remains the diagnostic 'gold standard', highly sensitive and specific serological tests, such as tissue transglutaminase, endomysial and deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies, have become gradually more important in the diagnostic work-up of celiac disease. Currently, the only treatment for celiac disease is a life-long, strict gluten-free diet leading to improvement in quality of life, ameliorating symptoms, and preventing the occurrence of refractory celiac disease, ulcerative jejunoileitis, and small intestinal adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS The present review is timely and provides a thorough appraisal of various aspects characterizing celiac disease. Remaining challenges include obtaining a better understanding of still-unclear phenotypes such as slow-responsive, potential (minimal lesions) and seronegative celiac disease. The identification of alternative or complementary treatments to the gluten-free diet brings hope for patients unavoidably burdened by diet restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Caio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Cona, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Umberto Volta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Sapone
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Daniel A. Leffler
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Cona, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Catassi
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Celiac Research, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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30
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Valitutti F, Fasano A. Breaking Down Barriers: How Understanding Celiac Disease Pathogenesis Informed the Development of Novel Treatments. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:1748-1758. [PMID: 31076989 PMCID: PMC6586517 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For decades, the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases has been attributed to increased intestinal paracellular permeability even though scientific evidence supporting this hypothesis has been tenuous. Nevertheless, during the past decade, there have been a growing number of publications focused on human genetics, the gut microbiome, and proteomics, suggesting that loss of mucosal barrier function, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, may substantially affect antigen trafficking, ultimately causing chronic inflammation, including autoimmunity, in genetically predisposed individuals. The gut mucosa works as a semipermeable barrier in that it permits nutrient absorption and also regulates immune surveillance while retaining potentially harmful microbes and environmental antigens within the intestinal lumen. Celiac disease (CD), a systemic, immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals, is associated with altered gut permeability. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that gliadin, a prolamine component of gluten that is implicated in CD pathogenesis, is capable to disassembling intercellular junctional proteins by upregulating the zonulin pathway, which can be inhibited by the zonulin antagonist larazotide acetate. In this review, we will focus on CD as a paradigm of chronic inflammatory diseases in order to outline the contribution of gut paracellular permeability toward disease pathogenesis; moreover, we will summarize current evidence derived from available clinical trials of larazotide acetate in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Valitutti
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Department of "Maternal-and-Child Health" and Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Center for Celiac Research and Treatment and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, 175 Cambridge Street, CPZS - 574, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
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31
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Haghbin M, Rostami-Nejad M, Forouzesh F, Sadeghi A, Rostami K, Aghamohammadi E, Asadzadeh-Aghdaei H, Masotti A, Zali MR. The role of CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL10 and CXCL11 in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15949. [PMID: 31232926 PMCID: PMC6636963 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL10 and CXCL11 have been suggested to give rise to the most relevant chemokine axis able to facilitate the entrance of immune cells into inflamed tissues and be activated in different inflammatory disorders, such as celiac disease (CD).The aim of this study was to investigate the expression level of CXCR3, CXCL10, and CXCL11 genes in celiac patients compared to healthy controls. Both cohorts have been recruited from the Iranian population.In this case-control study, biopsy specimens were collected from 71 celiac patients (60.5% female) and 90 control subjects (57% female) during 2016. Total RNA was extracted and mRNA expression levels of CXCR3, CXCL10, and CXCL11 genes were investigated by SYBR green qPCR.Based on qPCR and relative quantification method, the mRNA expression levels of CXCR3, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were significantly higher in duodenal biopsies of celiac patients compared to healthy controls in the study population (P = .038, P = .021, and P = .012 respectively).The result of this study showed that CXCR3/CXCL10/CXCL11 signaling axis is overexpressed in the small intestinal mucosa of CD patients compared to controls. This finding might explain the specific enrollment of the main cell populations that infiltrate the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrokh Haghbin
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Flora Forouzesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Rostami
- Department of Gastroenterology MidCentral District Health Board, Palmerston North Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Elham Aghamohammadi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Freire R, Ingano L, Serena G, Cetinbas M, Anselmo A, Sapone A, Sadreyev RI, Fasano A, Senger S. Human gut derived-organoids provide model to study gluten response and effects of microbiota-derived molecules in celiac disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7029. [PMID: 31065051 PMCID: PMC6505524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten exposure. The contribution of the adaptive immune response to CD pathogenesis has been extensively studied, but the absence of valid experimental models has hampered our understanding of the early steps leading to loss of gluten tolerance. Using intestinal organoids developed from duodenal biopsies from both non-celiac (NC) and celiac (CD) patients, we explored the contribution of gut epithelium to CD pathogenesis and the role of microbiota-derived molecules in modulating the epithelium’s response to gluten. When compared to NC, RNA sequencing of CD organoids revealed significantly altered expression of genes associated with gut barrier, innate immune response, and stem cell functions. Monolayers derived from CD organoids exposed to gliadin showed increased intestinal permeability and enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to NC controls. Microbiota-derived bioproducts butyrate, lactate, and polysaccharide A improved barrier function and reduced gliadin-induced cytokine secretion. We concluded that: (1) patient-derived organoids faithfully express established and newly identified molecular signatures characteristic of CD. (2) microbiota-derived bioproducts can be used to modulate the epithelial response to gluten. Finally, we validated the use of patient-derived organoids monolayers as a novel tool for the study of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Freire
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Ingano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gloria Serena
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Anselmo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,PatientsLikeMe, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna Sapone
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Translational Research and Early Clinical (TREC), GI, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefania Senger
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Giuffrida P, Caprioli F, Facciotti F, Di Sabatino A. The role of interleukin-13 in chronic inflammatory intestinal disorders. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:549-555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Leonard MM, Bai Y, Serena G, Nickerson KP, Camhi S, Sturgeon C, Yan S, Fiorentino MR, Katz A, Nath B, Richter J, Sleeman M, Gurer C, Fasano A. RNA sequencing of intestinal mucosa reveals novel pathways functionally linked to celiac disease pathogenesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215132. [PMID: 30998704 PMCID: PMC6472737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The early steps in the pathophysiology of celiac disease (CD) leading to loss of tolerance to gluten are poorly described. Our aim was to use RNA sequencing of duodenal biopsies in patients with active CD, CD in remission, and non-CD controls to gain insight into CD pathophysiology, identify additional genetic signatures linked to CD, and possibly uncover targets for future therapeutic agents. METHODS We performed whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing of intestinal biopsies in subjects with active and remission CD and non-CD controls. We also performed functional pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes to identify statistically significant pathways that are up or down regulated in subjects with active CD compared to remission CD. RESULTS We identified the upregulation of novel genes including IL12R, ITGAM and IGSF4 involved in the immune response machinery and cell adhesion process in the mucosa of subjects with active CD compared to those in remission. We identified a unique signature of genes, related to innate immunity, perturbed exclusively in CD irrespective of disease status. Finally, we highlight novel pathways of interest that may contribute to the early steps of CD pathogenesis and its comorbidities such as the spliceosome, pathways related to the innate immune response, and pathways related to autoimmunity. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed previous findings based on GWAS and immunological studies pertinent to CD pathogenesis and describes novel genes and pathways that with further validation may be found to contribute to the early steps in the pathogenesis of CD, ongoing inflammation, and comorbidities associated with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen M. Leonard
- Mass General Hospital for Children and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yu Bai
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Gloria Serena
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kourtney P. Nickerson
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Camhi
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Craig Sturgeon
- Graduate Program in Life Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shu Yan
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maria R. Fiorentino
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aubrey Katz
- Mass General Hospital for Children and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barbara Nath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James Richter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Cagan Gurer
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mass General Hospital for Children and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by gluten. Gluten-free diets can be challenging because of their restrictive nature, inadvertent cross-contaminations, and the high cost of gluten-free food. Novel nondietary therapies are at the preclinical stage, clinical trial phase, or have already been developed for other indications and are now being applied to CD. These therapies include enzymatic gluten degradation, binding and sequestration of gluten, restoration of epithelial tight junction barrier function, inhibition of tissue transglutaminase-mediated potentiation of gliadin oligopeptide immunogenicity or of human leukocyte antigen-mediated gliadin presentation, induction of tolerance to gluten, and antiinflammatory interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Serena
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, 175 Cambridge Street, CPZS - 574, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ciaran P Kelly
- Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, 175 Cambridge Street, CPZS - 574, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Shimada S, Tanigawa T, Watanabe T, Nakata A, Sugimura N, Itani S, Higashimori A, Nadatani Y, Otani K, Taira K, Hosomi S, Nagami Y, Tanaka F, Kamata N, Yamagami H, Shiba M, Fujiwara Y. Involvement of gliadin, a component of wheat gluten, in increased intestinal permeability leading to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small-intestinal damage. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211436. [PMID: 30785904 PMCID: PMC6382145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliadin, a component of wheat gluten known to be an important factor in the etiology of celiac disease, is related to several other diseases through its enhancing effect on intestinal paracellular permeability. We investigated the significance of gliadin in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced small-intestinal damage in mice. 7-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were divided into the following groups: standard diet group, in which mice were fed with wheat-containing standard rodent diet (CE-2); gluten-free diet group, in which mice were fed with gluten-free diet (AIN-76A); and gliadin-administered group, in which mice fed with gluten-free diet were administered with gliadin (~250 mg/kg BW). Each group was subdivided into negative, healthy control group and NSAID-treated group. To some mice fed with gluten-free diet and administered with gliadin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor was administered for clarification of the significance of EGFR in NSAID-induced small intestinal damage and intestinal permeability. In mice fed with a gluten-free diet, indomethacin or diclofenac induced very mild mucosal damage in the small intestine compared with that in mice fed with a wheat-containing standard diet. Gliadin exacerbated the NSAID-induced small-intestinal damage in mice fed with a gluten-free diet. With the administration of indomethacin, MPO activity, a marker of neutrophil infiltration into the mucosa and mRNA expression level of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β in the small intestine were higher in the gliadin-administered mice. Gliadin increased the intestinal paracellular permeability without indomethacin administration (4.3-fold) and further increased the permeability after indomethacin administration (2.1-fold). Gliadin induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in small-intestinal tissues, and erlotinib (an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor) attenuated the indomethacin-induced intestinal damage and permeability exacerbated by gliadin, accompanied by inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation. These results suggest that gliadin plays an important role in the induction and exacerbation of NSAID-induced small-intestinal damage, and that increase in intestinal permeability via the EGFR signalling pathway is involved in its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- SAMURAI GI Research Centre, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- SAMURAI GI Research Centre, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Itani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Higashimori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- SAMURAI GI Research Centre, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Nadatani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Otani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Taira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hosomi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Nagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumio Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yamagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Shiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- SAMURAI GI Research Centre, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Possible Prevention of Diabetes with a Gluten-Free Diet. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111746. [PMID: 30428550 PMCID: PMC6266002 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluten seems a potentially important determinant in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Intake of gluten, a major component of wheat, rye, and barley, affects the microbiota and increases the intestinal permeability. Moreover, studies have demonstrated that gluten peptides, after crossing the intestinal barrier, lead to a more inflammatory milieu. Gluten peptides enter the pancreas where they affect the morphology and might induce beta-cell stress by enhancing glucose- and palmitate-stimulated insulin secretion. Interestingly, animal studies and a human study have demonstrated that a gluten-free (GF) diet during pregnancy reduces the risk of T1D. Evidence regarding the role of a GF diet in T2D is less clear. Some studies have linked intake of a GF diet to reduced obesity and T2D and suggested a role in reducing leptin- and insulin-resistance and increasing beta-cell volume. The current knowledge indicates that gluten, among many environmental factors, may be an aetiopathogenic factors for development of T1D and T2D. However, human intervention trials are needed to confirm this and the proposed mechanisms.
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Zong G, Lebwohl B, Hu FB, Sampson L, Dougherty LW, Willett WC, Chan AT, Sun Q. Gluten intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in three large prospective cohort studies of US men and women. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2164-2173. [PMID: 30074058 PMCID: PMC6182774 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We investigated the association between gluten intake and long-term type 2 diabetes risk among Americans. METHODS We followed women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n = 71,602, 1984-2012) and NHS II (n = 88,604, 1991-2013) and men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS, n = 41,908, 1986-2012). Gluten intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire every 2-4 years. Incident type 2 diabetes was defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes confirmed using a supplementary questionnaire. RESULT Gluten intake was strongly correlated with intakes of carbohydrate components, especially refined grains, starch and cereal fibre (Spearman correlation coefficients >0.6). During 4.24 million years of follow-up, 15,947 people were confirmed to have type 2 diabetes. After multivariate adjustment, pooled HRs and 95% CIs for type 2 diabetes, from low to high gluten quintiles, were (ptrend < 0.001): 1 (reference); 0.89 (0.85, 0.93); 0.84 (0.80, 0.88); 0.78 (0.74, 0.82) and 0.80 (0.76, 0.84). The association was slightly weakened after further adjusting for cereal fibre, with pooled HRs (95% CIs) of (ptrend < 0.001): 1 (reference); 0.91 (0.87, 0.96); 0.88 (0.83, 0.93); 0.83 (0.78, 0.88) and 0.87 (0.81, 0.93). Dose-response analysis supported a largely linear inverse relationship between gluten intake up to 12 g/day and type 2 diabetes. The association between gluten intake and type 2 diabetes was stronger when intake of added bran was also higher (pinteraction = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Gluten intake is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk among largely healthy US men and women. Limiting gluten in the diet is associated with lower intake of cereal fibre and possibly other beneficial nutrients that contribute to good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Zong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin Lebwohl
- Celiac Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Sampson
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lauren W Dougherty
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Van Buiten CB, Lambert JD, Elias RJ. Green Tea Polyphenols Mitigate Gliadin-Mediated Inflammation and Permeability in Vitro. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700879. [PMID: 29704403 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Green tea, a polyphenol-rich beverage, has been reported to mitigate a number of inflammatory and hypersensitivity disorders in laboratory models, and has been shown to moderate pathways related to food allergies in vitro. The present study investigates the impact of decaffeinated green tea extract (GTE) on the digestion of gliadin protein in vitro and the effect of physical interactions with GTE on the ability of gliadin to stimulate celiac disease-related symptoms in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Complexation of GTE and gliadin in vitro is confirmed by monitoring increases in turbidity upon titration of GTE into a gliadin solution. This phenomenon is also observed during in vitro digestion when gliadin is exposed to the digestive proteases pepsin and trypsin. SDS-PAGE and enzymatic assays reveal that GTE inhibits digestive protease activity and gliadin digestion. In differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers as a model of the small intestinal epithelium, complexation of gliadin with GTE reduces gliadin-stimulated monolayer permeability and the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. CONCLUSION There are potential beneficial effects of GTE as an adjuvant therapy for celiac disease through direct interaction between gliadin proteins and green tea polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene B Van Buiten
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Joshua D Lambert
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ryan J Elias
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Valli V, Taccari A, Di Nunzio M, Danesi F, Bordoni A. Health benefits of ancient grains. Comparison among bread made with ancient, heritage and modern grain flours in human cultured cells. Food Res Int 2018; 107:206-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Rotondi Aufiero V, Fasano A, Mazzarella G. Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: How Its Gut Immune Activation and Potential Dietary Management Differ from Celiac Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700854. [PMID: 29578652 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a clinical entity triggered by the ingestion of gluten-containing grains leading to intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms that resolve once the gluten-containing foodstuff is eliminated from the diet, and it is diagnosed when celiac disease (CD) and wheat allergy (WA) have been ruled out. The limited knowledge about the pathophysiology of NCGS and the lack of validated biomarkers are still major limitations for clinical studies, making it difficult to differentiate NCGS from other gluten-related disorders (GRD). In the absence of clear-cut diagnostic criteria, NCGS is still mainly a diagnosis of exclusion. Several studies suggest that NCGS is an immune-mediated disease that likely activates an innate immune response. Moreover, it has recently been hypothesized that in addition to gluten, other components of wheat may be responsible for the symptoms observed in individuals without CD. This review aims at discussing available evidence related to the histological and immunological features in the gut mucosa of patients with NCGS and at outlining new dietary opportunities for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Rotondi Aufiero
- Immuno-Morphology Lab, Institute of Food Sciences, National Council Research, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, MassGeneral Hospital for Children-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114-4404, USA
| | - Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Immuno-Morphology Lab, Institute of Food Sciences, National Council Research, 83100, Avellino, Italy
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42
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Abstract
Gluten‐related disorders are a complex group of diseases that involve the activation of the immune system triggered by the ingestion of gluten. Among these, celiac disease, with a prevalence of 1 %, is the most investigated, but recently, a new pathology, named nonceliac gluten sensitivity, was reported with a general prevalence of 7 %. Finally, there other less‐prevalent gluten‐related diseases such as wheat allergy, gluten ataxia, and dermatitis herpetiformis (with an overall prevalence of less than 0.1 %). As mentioned, the common molecular trigger is gluten, a complex mixture of storage proteins present in wheat, barley, and a variety of oats that are not fully degraded by humans. The most‐studied protein related to disease is gliadin, present in wheat, which possesses in its sequence many pathological fragments. Despite a lot of effort to treat these disorders, the only effective method is a long‐life gluten‐free diet. This Review summarizes the actual knowledge of gluten‐related disorders from a translational chemistry point of view. We discuss what is currently known from the literature about the interaction of gluten with the gut and the critical host responses it evokes and, finally, connect them to our current and novel molecular understanding of the supramolecular organization of gliadin and the 33‐mer gliadin peptide fragment under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Lammers
- Laboratory Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control VU University Medical Center 1081 Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Maria G Herrera
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Institute of biological chemistry and Physicochemical CONICET-University of Buenos Aires Junín 956 C1113AAD Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Veronica I Dodero
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry III Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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Hofmann SR, Laass MW, Fehrs A, Schuppan D, Zevallos VF, Salminger D, Mäbert K, Hedrich CM. IL10 promoter haplotypes may contribute to altered cytokine expression and systemic inflammation in celiac disease. Clin Immunol 2018; 190:15-21. [PMID: 29481982 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune/inflammatory condition triggered by dietary gluten intake in genetically predisposed individuals. Though associations with MHC class II HLA-DQ2 or -DQ8 are the primary and necessary genetic predisposition for CD, >97% of genetically predisposed individuals never develop CD. Cytokines were measured in the serum of CD patients and controls. Possible associations with IL10 promoter variants were investigated. Cytokine expression from PBMCs was monitored in response to gluten exposure, or CD3/TCR complex stimulation in the absence or presence of recombinant IL-10. Serum cytokines varied between patients with CD at the time of diagnosis, after dietary elimination of gluten, and healthy controls. Serum IL-17A reflected disease activity. Reduced IL-10 serum levels and altered IL-10 expression by PBMCs coincided with IL10 promoter haplotypes that encode for "low" IL-10 expression (ATA). Increased prevalence of ATA IL10 promoter haplotypes and subsequently reduced IL-10 expression may be an immunological cofactor in individuals genetically predisposed for the development of CD. Resulting cytokine imbalances may be utilized as disease biomarkers in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Hofmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M W Laass
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Fehrs
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - D Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V F Zevallos
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - D Salminger
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - K Mäbert
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - C M Hedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
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44
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Niland B, Cash BD. Health Benefits and Adverse Effects of a Gluten-Free Diet in Non-Celiac Disease Patients. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2018; 14:82-91. [PMID: 29606920 PMCID: PMC5866307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gluten-related diseases such as celiac disease and gluten ataxia are rare conditions, affecting less than 1% of the population in the United States. Despite the rarity of these diseases, there have been significant increases in the adoption of a gluten-free lifestyle and the consumption of gluten-free foods in the United States over the last 3 decades. More than $15.5 billion were spent on retail sales of gluten-free foods in 2016. The gluten-free diet is driven by multiple factors, including social and traditional media coverage, aggressive consumer-directed marketing by manufacturers and retail outlets, and reports in the medical literature and mainstream press of the clinical benefits of gluten avoidance. Individuals may restrict gluten from their diets for a variety of reasons, such as improvement of gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal symptoms, as well as a perception that gluten is potentially harmful and, thus, restriction represents a healthy lifestyle. Emerging evidence shows that gluten avoidance may be beneficial for some patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, such as those commonly encountered with irritable bowel syndrome. However, high-quality evidence supporting gluten avoidance for physical symptoms or diseases other than those specifically known to be caused by immune-mediated responses to gluten is neither robust nor convincing. In fact, gluten avoidance may be associated with adverse effects in patients without proven gluten-related diseases. This article provides insight regarding gluten avoidance patterns and effects on patients without gluten-related diseases, and highlights concerns surrounding gluten avoidance in the absence of a gluten-mediated immunologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Niland
- Dr Niland is a clinical instructor in the Department of Medicine in the Division of Gastroenterology at the University of South Alabama School of Medicine in Mobile, Alabama
- Dr Cash is a professor of medicine and chief of the Division of Gastroenterology at the University of South Alabama School of Medicine
| | - Brooks D Cash
- Dr Niland is a clinical instructor in the Department of Medicine in the Division of Gastroenterology at the University of South Alabama School of Medicine in Mobile, Alabama
- Dr Cash is a professor of medicine and chief of the Division of Gastroenterology at the University of South Alabama School of Medicine
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Protective Effect of 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D3 on Pepsin-Trypsin-Resistant Gliadin-Induced Tight Junction Injuries. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:92-104. [PMID: 28871457 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tight junction (TJ) injuries induced by pepsin-trypsin-resistant gliadin (PT-G) play an important role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. Previously, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (VD3) was reported to be a TJ regulator that attenuates lipopolysaccharide- and alcohol-induced TJ injuries. However, whether VD3 can attenuate PT-G-induced TJ injuries is unknown. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of VD3 on PT-G-induced TJ injuries. METHODS Caco-2 monolayers were used as in vitro models. After being cultured for 21 days, the monolayers were treated with PT-G plus different concentrations of VD3. Then, the changes in trans-epithelial electrical resistance and FITC-dextran 4000 (FD-4) flux were determined to evaluate the monolayer barrier function. TJ protein levels were measured to assess TJ injury severity, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) expression and zonulin release levels were determined to estimate zonulin release signaling pathway activity. Additionally, a gluten-sensitized mouse model was established as an in vivo model. After the mice were treated with VD3 for 7 days, we measured serum FD-4 concentrations, TJ protein levels, MyD88 expression, and zonulin release levels to confirm the effect of VD3. RESULTS Both in vitro and in vivo, VD3 significantly attenuated the TJ injury-related increase in intestinal mucosa barrier permeability. Moreover, VD3 treatment up-regulated TJ protein expression levels and significantly decreased MyD88 expression and zonulin release levels. CONCLUSIONS VD3 has protective effects against PT-G-induced TJ injuries both in vitro and in vivo, which may correlate with the disturbance of the MyD88-dependent zonulin release signaling pathway.
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Serena G, Fasano A. Use of Probiotics to Prevent Celiac Disease and IBD in Pediatrics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1125:69-81. [PMID: 30565165 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) is increasing worldwide. Their dramatic rise associated with limited effective strategies to slow down these epidemics calls for a better understanding of their pathophysiology in order to decrease the burdens on childhood. Several cross-sectional studies have demonstrated the association between intestinal dysbiosis and active diseases. Although informative, these studies do not mechanistically link alterations of the microflora with disease pathogenesis and, therefore, with potential therapeutic targets. More prospective studies are needed to determine whether intestinal dysbiosis plays a causative role in the onset and development of CIDs. Furthermore, given the complexity of the microflora interaction with the host, it is necessary to design a systems-level model of interactions between the host and the development of disease by integrating microbiome, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics with either clinical either environmental data.In this chapter we will discuss the current knowledge regarding the microbiome's contribution to celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease with a particular focus on how probiotics may be used as potential preventive therapy for CIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Serena
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children - Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hundsberger H, Koppensteiner A, Hofmann E, Ripper D, Pflüger M, Stadlmann V, Klein CT, Kreiseder B, Katzlinger M, Eger A, Forster F, Missbichler A, Wiesner C. A Screening Approach for Identifying Gliadin Neutralizing Antibodies on Epithelial Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 22:1035-1043. [DOI: 10.1177/2472555217697435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition caused by the ingestion of gliadin-containing food in genetically susceptible individuals. Undigested peptides of gliadin exert various effects, including increased intestinal permeability and inflammation in the small intestine. Although many therapeutic approaches are in development, a gluten-free diet is the only effective treatment for CD. Affecting at least 1% of the population in industrialized countries, it is important to generate therapeutic options against CD. Here, we describe the establishment of a high-throughput screening (HTS) platform based on AlphaLISA and electrical cell–substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technology for the identification of anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective compounds in human enterocytes after pepsin-trypsin-digested gliadin (PT-gliadin) treatment. Our results show that the combination of these HTS technologies enables fast, reliable, simple, and label-free screening of IgY antibodies against PT-gliadin. Using this platform, we have identified a new chicken anti-PT-gliadin IgY antibody as a potential anti-CD agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hundsberger
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Anita Koppensteiner
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Hofmann
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Doris Ripper
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Maren Pflüger
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria
| | | | - Christian Theodor Klein
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Birgit Kreiseder
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Eger
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria
| | | | | | - Christoph Wiesner
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria
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Kumar J, Kumar M, Pandey R, Chauhan NS. Physiopathology and Management of Gluten-Induced Celiac Disease. J Food Sci 2017; 82:270-277. [PMID: 28140462 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proline- and glutamine-rich gluten proteins are one of the major constituents of cereal dietary proteins, which are largely resistant to complete cleavage by the human gastrointestinal (GI) digestive enzymes. Partial digestion of gluten generates approximately 35 amino acids (aa) immunomodulatory peptides which activate T-cell-mediated immune system, followed by immunological inflammation of mucosa leading to the onset of celiac disease (CD). CD is an autoimmune disease associated with HLA-DQ2/DQ8 polymorphism and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. CD is either diagnosed using duodenal mucosal biopsis or serological testing for transglutaminase 2 (TG2) specific antibodies (IgA and IgG). Current therapy for CD management is gluten-free diet, while other therapies like glutenase, probiotics, immunomodulation, jamming of HLA-DQ2, inhibition of TG2, and gluten tolerance aided by gluten tolerizing vaccines are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- Dept. of Biochemistry, M.D. Univ., Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Dept. of Biochemistry, M.D. Univ., Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- Ayurgenomics Unit-TRISUTRA, Inst. of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, 110020, India
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Bata I, Tömösközi Z, Buzder-Lantos P, Vasas A, Szeleczky G, Bátori S, Barta-Bodor V, Balázs L, Ferenczy GG. I. Discovery of a novel series of CXCR3 antagonists. Multiparametric optimization of N , N -disubstituted benzylamines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5418-5428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Sturgeon C, Fasano A. Zonulin, a regulator of epithelial and endothelial barrier functions, and its involvement in chronic inflammatory diseases. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4:e1251384. [PMID: 28123927 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1251384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Beside digesting nutrients and absorbing solutes and electrolytes, the intestinal epithelium with its barrier function is in charge of a tightly controlled antigen trafficking from the intestinal lumen to the submucosa. This trafficking dictates the delicate balance between tolerance and immune response causing inflammation. Loss of barrier function secondary to upregulation of zonulin, the only known physiological modulator of intercellular tight junctions, leads to uncontrolled influx of dietary and microbial antigens. Additional insights on zonulin mechanism of action and the recent appreciation of the role that altered intestinal permeability can play in the development and progression of chronic inflammatory disorders has increased interest of both basic scientists and clinicians on the potential role of zonulin in the pathogenesis of these diseases. This review focuses on the recent research implicating zonulin as a master regulator of intestinal permeability linked to the development of several chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Sturgeon
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston, MA, USA; Graduate Program in Life Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston, MA, USA; European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
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