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Connaughton SL, Williams A, Anderson F, Kelman KR, Gardner GE. Synthetic phantoms enable calibration between abattoir based dual energy X-ray absorptiometers used for prediction of lamb carcass composition. Meat Sci 2024; 215:109537. [PMID: 38788245 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) devices were installed at two Australian abattoirs to predict computed tomography (CT) determined fat % and lean % of lamb carcasses. This study tested three algorithms developed for these devices, termed β1, β2 and β3, and assessed their accuracy and precision in predicting CT composition. Algorithm β3 included the use of a plastic phantom calibration block scanned by both DXA devices to adjust prediction equations, resulting in superior accuracy to the algorithms without phantom calibration (β1 and β2). When compared to the gold-standard CT composition, the bias of the DXA predictions was lowest when using algorithm β3 at the two sites (-1.17%, -0.49% for fat %, 0.11%, -0.37% for lean %). The difference of DXA composition predictions between sites was lowest when using algorithm β3, which demonstrated between site differences of 0.59 CT fat %, and 0.46 CT lean%. In contrast, algorithm β1 and β2 produced differences of 23.7% and 30.8% for CT fat, and 17.3% and 21.9% for CT lean between the two DXA devices. There was a small difference of 0.78% between the fat predictions of the first DXA image compared to the second DXA image for each carcass. The precision of predictions improved slightly using algorithm β3. This work demonstrates that the in-line DXA systems can produce comparable results across sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Louis Connaughton
- Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Australia; Advanced Livestock Measurement Technologies, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Australia.
| | - Andrew Williams
- Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Australia; Advanced Livestock Measurement Technologies, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Fiona Anderson
- Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Australia; Advanced Livestock Measurement Technologies, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Australia
| | | | - Graham Edwin Gardner
- Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Australia; Advanced Livestock Measurement Technologies, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Australia
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2
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Sadeghinezhad J, Lazzarini G, Bojarzadeh H, Gatta A, Rezai S, Pirone A, Miragliotta V. Three-dimensional morphometry of kidney in New Zealand rabbit using unbiased design-based stereology. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:2053-2062. [PMID: 38655680 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The rabbit is widely used as a laboratory animal in experimental models of kidney diseases. This species is also important from a veterinary perspective as a companion animal. Stereology has been accepted as an accurate approach to kidney morphometry. The objective of the present project was to provide normal quantitative stereological parameters for adult rabbit kidneys. The left kidneys of five adult male New Zealand rabbits were used. Isotropic sections were obtained using the orientation method. Total kidney volume was calculated by the Cavalieri principle. The volume fraction of the renal structures was estimated using the point counting system. The lengths of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) were calculated using counting frames. The total glomerular number was accounted for using the physical/fractionator technique. The mean glomerular volume was obtained by dividing the total volume of glomeruli by their total number. The total volume of rabbit kidneys calculated was 10.39 ± 1.98 cm3. The fractional volume of the kidney cortex and medulla accounted for 57.79 ± 0.65% and 42.2 ± 0.65%, respectively. The total glomerular volume was 2.18 ± 0.32% of the whole kidney. The total number of glomeruli in the rabbit kidney was estimated as 204.68 ± 12 × 103. The mean glomerular volume measured 1.07 ± 0.12 × 106 μm3. The total length of PCT and DCT was 2.96 ± 0.29 km and 1.38 ± 0.24 km, respectively. These findings can be used as a reference in experimental nephrology research and may help to expand the knowledge of nephrology in mammals by comparing with available data on humans and other species. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Three-dimensional morphometry of adult rabbit kidney structures was analyzed using quantitative stereology. Total volume of kidney, fractional volume of cortex and medulla, length of renal tubules and number of nephrons were estimated. These three-dimensional morphometrical data can be used as a reference in experimental nephrology research and may help to expand the knowledge of nephrology in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sadeghinezhad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giulia Lazzarini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hadis Bojarzadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alessandra Gatta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sobhan Rezai
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Pirone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Amaral AC, Lister JP, Rueckemann JW, Wojnarowicz MW, McGaughy JA, Mokler DJ, Galler JR, Rosene DL, Rushmore RJ. Prenatal protein malnutrition decreases neuron numbers in the parahippocampal region but not prefrontal cortex in adult rats. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39088448 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2371256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Prenatal protein malnutrition produces anatomical and functional changes in the developing brain that persist despite immediate postnatal nutritional rehabilitation. Brain networks of prenatally malnourished animals show diminished activation of prefrontal areas and an increased activation of hippocampal regions during an attentional task [1]. While a reduction in cell number has been documented in hippocampal subfield CA1, nothing is known about changes in neuron numbers in the prefrontal or parahippocampal cortices.Methods: In the present study, we used unbiased stereology to investigate the effect of prenatal protein malnutrition on the neuron numbers in the medial prefrontal cortex and the cortices of the parahippocampal region that comprise the larger functional network.Results: Results show that prenatal protein malnutrition does not cause changes in the neuronal population in the medial prefrontal cortex of adult rats, indicating that the decrease in functional activation during attentional tasks is not due to a reduction in the number of neurons. Results also show that prenatal protein malnutrition is associated with a reduction in neuron numbers in specific parahippocampal subregions: the medial entorhinal cortex and presubiculum.Discussion: The affected regions along with CA1 comprise a tightly interconnected circuit, suggesting that prenatal malnutrition confers a vulnerability to specific hippocampal circuits. These findings are consistent with the idea that prenatal protein malnutrition produces a reorganization of structural and functional networks, which may underlie observed alterations in attentional processes and capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Amaral
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J P Lister
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J W Rueckemann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M W Wojnarowicz
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J A McGaughy
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - D J Mokler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - J R Galler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics & Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R J Rushmore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Tülüce Y, Osmanoğlu D, Rağbetli MÇ, Altındağ F. Protective Action of Curcumin and Alpha-lipoic Acid, Against Experimental Ultraviolet-A/B Induced Dermal-injury in Rats. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01442-2. [PMID: 39060913 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin (CUR) and α-lipoic acid (ALA) in mitigating UV-A and UV-B-induced damage (UVAB) in rat dorsal skin. This was achieved through the utilisation of immunohistochemical (TUNEL), biochemical and stereological techniques. The rats in the UVAB, UVAB + CUR, and UVAB + ALA groups were subjected to UVAB irradiation for a period of two hours per day over the course of one month. The UVAB + CUR and UVAB + ALA groups were administered 100 mg/kg/day of curcumin and 100 mg/kg/day of α-lipoic acid via gavage 30 min prior to UVAB irradiation. The CUR group was administered 100 mg/kg/day of curcumin via gavage, while the ALA group received the same dose of α-lipoic acid. A significant change in the volume ratio of the dorsal skin epidermis and dermis was observed in the stereological findings of the rats in the UVAB group. These changes exhibited a favourable progression as a consequence of the CUR and ALA applications. In the UVAB group, TOS and OSI were significantly elevated as a consequence of the rise in oxidative stress. Conversely, the treatment groups demonstrated a notable reduction in TOS and OSI levels. The study also revealed a substantial increase in the number of apoptotic cells within the UVAB group. However, the treatment groups exhibited a significant decline in apoptotic cells. In conclusion, the findings suggest that CUR and ALA possess a protective effect against UVAB-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Tülüce
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65080, Van, Türkiye.
| | - Derya Osmanoğlu
- Department of Medical Histology and Embryology, Institute of Health Sciences, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65080, Van, Türkiye
| | - Murat Çetin Rağbetli
- Department of Medical Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, 70100, Karaman, Türkiye
| | - Fikret Altındağ
- Department of Medical Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65080, Van, Türkiye
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Antipova V, Heimes D, Seidel K, Schulz J, Schmitt O, Holzmann C, Rolfs A, Bidmon HJ, González de San Román Martín E, Huesgen PF, Amunts K, Keiler J, Hammer N, Witt M, Wree A. Differently increased volumes of multiple brain areas in Npc1 mutant mice following various drug treatments. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1430790. [PMID: 39081805 PMCID: PMC11286580 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1430790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1, MIM 257220) is a heritable lysosomal storage disease characterized by a progressive neurological degeneration that causes disability and premature death. A murine model of Npc1-/- displays a rapidly progressing form of Npc1 disease, which is characterized by weight loss, ataxia, and increased cholesterol storage. Npc1-/- mice receiving a combined therapy (COMBI) of miglustat (MIGLU), the neurosteroid allopregnanolone (ALLO) and the cyclic oligosaccharide 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPßCD) showed prevention of Purkinje cell loss, improved motor function and reduced intracellular lipid storage. Although therapy of Npc1-/- mice with COMBI, MIGLU or HPßCD resulted in the prevention of body weight loss, reduced total brain weight was not positively influenced. Methods In order to evaluate alterations of different brain areas caused by pharmacotherapy, fresh volumes (volumes calculated from the volumes determined from paraffin embedded brain slices) of various brain structures in sham- and drug-treated wild type and mutant mice were measured using stereological methods. Results In the wild type mice, the volumes of investigated brain areas were not significantly altered by either therapy. Compared with the respective wild types, fresh volumes of specific brain areas, which were significantly reduced in sham-treated Npc1-/- mice, partly increased after the pharmacotherapies in all treatment strategies; most pronounced differences were found in the CA1 area of the hippocampus and in olfactory structures. Discussion Volumes of brain areas of Npc1-/- mice were not specifically changed in terms of functionality after administering COMBI, MIGLU, or HPßCD. Measurements of fresh volumes of brain areas in Npc1-/- mice could monitor region-specific changes and response to drug treatment that correlated, in part, with behavioral improvements in this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Antipova
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Diana Heimes
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Seidel
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Klinikum, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schulz
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Schmitt
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Holzmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Centre of Transdisciplinary Neuroscience Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- Medical Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Bidmon
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain (INM-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Central Institute of Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Pitter F. Huesgen
- Central Institute of Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Biologie II, AG Funktional Proteomics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain (INM-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, University Hospital Düsseldorf, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jonas Keiler
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Niels Hammer
- Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Biomechatronics, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Witt
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Anatomy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biostructural Basics of Medical Sciences, Poznan Medical University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andreas Wree
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Centre of Transdisciplinary Neuroscience Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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6
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Robertson A, Miller DJ, Hull A, Butler BE. Quantifying myelin density in the feline auditory cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-024-02821-4. [PMID: 38981886 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex comprises many distinct regions that differ in structure, function, and patterns of connectivity. Current approaches to parcellating these regions often take advantage of functional neuroimaging approaches that can identify regions involved in a particular process with reasonable spatial resolution. However, neuroanatomical biomarkers are also very useful in identifying distinct cortical regions either in addition to, or in place of functional measures. For example, differences in myelin density are thought to relate to functional differences between regions, are sensitive to individual patterns of experience, and have been shown to vary across functional hierarchies in a predictable manner. Accordingly, the current study provides quantitative stereological estimates of myelin density for each of the 13 regions that make up the feline auditory cortex. We demonstrate that significant differences can be observed between auditory cortical regions, with the highest myelin density observed in the regions that comprise the auditory core (i.e., the primary auditory cortex and anterior auditory field). Moreover, our myeloarchitectonic map suggests that myelin density varies in a hierarchical fashion that conforms to the traditional model of spatial organization in auditory cortex. Taken together, these results establish myelin as a useful biomarker for parcellating auditory cortical regions, and provide detailed estimates against which other, less invasive methods of quantifying cortical myelination may be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Robertson
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois Urbana-Champagne, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Adam Hull
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Blake E Butler
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada.
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
- National Centre for Audiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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7
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Sadeghinezhad J, Ebrahimi M, Lehi MH. Volumetric study on sheep brain using stereology technique. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13072. [PMID: 38859689 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional morphometric data better show the structural and functional characteristics of the brain. The objective of this study was to estimate the volume of the cerebral structures of the sheep using design-based stereology. The brains of five sheep were used, fixed in formalin 10% and embedded in agar 6%. An average of 10-12 slab was obtained from each brain. All slabs were stained using Mulligan's method and photographs were recorded. The volume of the brain and its structures were estimated using the Cavalieri's estimator and the point counting system. The total volume was 70604.8 ± 132.45 mm3. The volume fractions of the grey and white matters were calculated as 42.55 ± 0.21% and 24.23 ± 0.51% of the whole brain, respectively. The fractional volume of the caudate nucleus and claustrum were estimated at 2.39 ± 0.08% and at 1.008 ± 0.057% of total brain volume. The volumes of corpus callosum, internal capsule and external capsule were 1.24 ± 0.053%, 3.63 ± 0.22% and 0.698 ± 0.049% of total cerebral volume, respectively. These data could help improve the veterinary comparative neuroanatomy knowledge and development of experimental studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sadeghinezhad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Ebrahimi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Heydari Lehi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Diniz DG, de Oliveira JHP, Guerreiro LCF, de Menezes GC, de Assis ACL, Duarte TQ, dos Santos IBD, Maciel FD, Soares GLDS, Araújo SC, Franco FTDC, do Carmo EL, Morais RDAB, de Lima CM, Brites D, Anthony DC, Diniz JAP, Diniz CWP. Contrasting Disease Progression, Microglia Reactivity, Tolerance, and Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Two Mouse Strains. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1420. [PMID: 39061995 PMCID: PMC11274029 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study investigated the innate immune response to Toxoplasma gondii infection by assessing microglial phenotypic changes and sickness behavior as inflammatory response markers post-ocular tachyzoite instillation. Disease progression in Swiss albino mice was compared with the previously documented outcomes in BALB/c mice using an identical ocular route and parasite burden (2 × 105 tachyzoites), with saline as the control. Contrary to expectations, the Swiss albino mice displayed rapid, lethal disease progression, marked by pronounced sickness behaviors and mortality within 11-12 days post-infection, while the survivors exhibited no apparent signs of infection. Comparative analysis revealed the T. gondii-infected BALB/c mice exhibited reduced avoidance of feline odors, while the infected Swiss albino mice showed enhanced avoidance responses. There was an important increase in microglial cells in the dentate gyrus molecular layer of the infected Swiss albino mice compared to the BALB/c mice and their respective controls. Hierarchical cluster and discriminant analyses identified three microglial morphological clusters, differentially affected by T. gondii infection across strains. The BALB/c mice exhibited increased microglial branching and complexity, while the Swiss albino mice showed reduced shrunken microglial arbors, diminishing their morphological complexity. These findings highlight strain-specific differences in disease progression and inflammatory regulation, indicating lineage-specific mechanisms in inflammatory responses, tolerance, and resistance. Understanding these elements is critical in devising control measures for toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil; (D.G.D.); (J.H.P.d.O.); (L.C.F.G.); (G.C.d.M.); (A.C.L.d.A.); (T.Q.D.); (I.B.D.d.S.); (F.D.M.); (G.L.d.S.S.); (C.M.d.L.)
- Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (F.T.d.C.F.); (J.A.P.D.)
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jhonnathan H. P. de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil; (D.G.D.); (J.H.P.d.O.); (L.C.F.G.); (G.C.d.M.); (A.C.L.d.A.); (T.Q.D.); (I.B.D.d.S.); (F.D.M.); (G.L.d.S.S.); (C.M.d.L.)
| | - Luma C. F. Guerreiro
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil; (D.G.D.); (J.H.P.d.O.); (L.C.F.G.); (G.C.d.M.); (A.C.L.d.A.); (T.Q.D.); (I.B.D.d.S.); (F.D.M.); (G.L.d.S.S.); (C.M.d.L.)
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Neuroecologia, Instituto Federal do Pará, Campus Bragança, Bragança 68600-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C. de Menezes
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil; (D.G.D.); (J.H.P.d.O.); (L.C.F.G.); (G.C.d.M.); (A.C.L.d.A.); (T.Q.D.); (I.B.D.d.S.); (F.D.M.); (G.L.d.S.S.); (C.M.d.L.)
| | - Alexa C. L. de Assis
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil; (D.G.D.); (J.H.P.d.O.); (L.C.F.G.); (G.C.d.M.); (A.C.L.d.A.); (T.Q.D.); (I.B.D.d.S.); (F.D.M.); (G.L.d.S.S.); (C.M.d.L.)
| | - Tainá Q. Duarte
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil; (D.G.D.); (J.H.P.d.O.); (L.C.F.G.); (G.C.d.M.); (A.C.L.d.A.); (T.Q.D.); (I.B.D.d.S.); (F.D.M.); (G.L.d.S.S.); (C.M.d.L.)
| | - Izabelly B. D. dos Santos
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil; (D.G.D.); (J.H.P.d.O.); (L.C.F.G.); (G.C.d.M.); (A.C.L.d.A.); (T.Q.D.); (I.B.D.d.S.); (F.D.M.); (G.L.d.S.S.); (C.M.d.L.)
| | - Flávia D. Maciel
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil; (D.G.D.); (J.H.P.d.O.); (L.C.F.G.); (G.C.d.M.); (A.C.L.d.A.); (T.Q.D.); (I.B.D.d.S.); (F.D.M.); (G.L.d.S.S.); (C.M.d.L.)
| | - Gabrielly L. da S. Soares
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil; (D.G.D.); (J.H.P.d.O.); (L.C.F.G.); (G.C.d.M.); (A.C.L.d.A.); (T.Q.D.); (I.B.D.d.S.); (F.D.M.); (G.L.d.S.S.); (C.M.d.L.)
| | - Sanderson C. Araújo
- Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (F.T.d.C.F.); (J.A.P.D.)
| | - Felipe T. de C. Franco
- Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (F.T.d.C.F.); (J.A.P.D.)
| | - Ediclei L. do Carmo
- Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (E.L.d.C.); (R.d.A.B.M.)
| | - Rafaela dos A. B. Morais
- Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém 67030-000, Pará, Brazil; (E.L.d.C.); (R.d.A.B.M.)
| | - Camila M. de Lima
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil; (D.G.D.); (J.H.P.d.O.); (L.C.F.G.); (G.C.d.M.); (A.C.L.d.A.); (T.Q.D.); (I.B.D.d.S.); (F.D.M.); (G.L.d.S.S.); (C.M.d.L.)
- Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (F.T.d.C.F.); (J.A.P.D.)
| | - Dora Brites
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel C. Anthony
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
| | - José A. P. Diniz
- Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém 66077-830, Pará, Brazil; (S.C.A.); (F.T.d.C.F.); (J.A.P.D.)
| | - Cristovam W. P. Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil; (D.G.D.); (J.H.P.d.O.); (L.C.F.G.); (G.C.d.M.); (A.C.L.d.A.); (T.Q.D.); (I.B.D.d.S.); (F.D.M.); (G.L.d.S.S.); (C.M.d.L.)
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9
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Oreščanin Dušić Z, Kovačević S, Ristić N, Vojnović Milutinović D, Vidonja Uzelac T, Blagojević D, Djordjevic A, Brkljačić J. Effects of Liquid Fructose Supplementation and Chronic Unpredictable Stress on Uterine Contractile Activity in Nonpregnant Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6770. [PMID: 38928475 PMCID: PMC11204023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased fructose consumption and chronic stress, the major characteristics of modern lifestyle, impact human health; however, the consequences of their combination on the uterus remain understudied. In this study, we investigated contractile activity, morphology, and intracellular activity of antioxidant enzymes in uteri from virgin Wistar rats subjected to liquid fructose supplementation and/or unpredictable stress over 9 weeks. Contractile activity and uterine response to oxytocin or adrenaline were examined ex vivo using isolated bath chambers. Fructose supplementation, irrespective of stress, affected uterine morphology by increasing endometrium while decreasing myometrium volume density, attenuated uterine response to increasing doses of oxytocin, and increased glutathione peroxidase activity. Stress, irrespective of fructose, attenuated dose-dependent adrenaline-induced uterine relaxation. Stress, when applied solely, decreased mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity. In the combined treatment, irregular estrous cycles and both reduced response to oxytocin and to adrenaline (as a consequence of fructose consumption and exposure to stress), along with fructose-related alteration of uterine morphology, were detected. In conclusion, fructose and stress affect uterine contractile activity, irrespective of each other, by inducing completely distinct responses in isolated uteri. In the combined treatment, the effects of both factors were evident, suggesting that the combination exerts more detrimental effects on the uterus than each factor individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana Oreščanin Dušić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (Z.O.D.); (T.V.U.); (D.B.)
| | - Sanja Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.K.); (D.V.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Nataša Ristić
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.K.); (D.V.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Teodora Vidonja Uzelac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (Z.O.D.); (T.V.U.); (D.B.)
| | - Duško Blagojević
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (Z.O.D.); (T.V.U.); (D.B.)
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.K.); (D.V.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Jelena Brkljačić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.K.); (D.V.M.); (A.D.)
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10
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Dias-Carvalho A, Ferreira M, Reis-Mendes A, Ferreira R, de Lourdes Bastos M, Fernandes E, Sá SI, Capela JP, Carvalho F, Costa VM. Doxorubicin-induced neurotoxicity differently affects the hippocampal formation subregions in adult mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31608. [PMID: 38868005 PMCID: PMC11168325 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline used to treat a wide range of tumours. Despite its effectiveness, it is associated with a long range of adverse effects, of which cognitive deficits stand out. The present study aimed to assess the neurologic adverse outcome pathways of two clinically relevant cumulative doses of DOX. Adult male CD-1 mice received biweekly intraperitoneal administrations for 3 weeks until reaching cumulative doses of 9 mg/kg (DOX9) or 18 mg/kg (DOX18). Animals were euthanized one week after the last administration, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and brain metabolism were evaluated in the whole brain. Coronal sections of fixed brains were used for specific determinations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampal formation (HF). In the whole brain, DOX18 tended to disrupt the antioxidant defences, affecting glutathione levels and manganese superoxide dismutase expression. Considering the regional analysis, DOX18 increased the volume of all brain areas evaluated, while GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes decreased in the dentate gyrus (DG) and increased in the CA3 region of HF, both in a dose-dependent manner. Concerning the apoptosis pathway, whereas Bax increased in the DOX9 group, it decreased in the DOX18 group. Only in the latter group did Bcl-2 levels also decrease. While p53 only increased in the CA3 region of the DOX9 group, AIF increased in the PFC and DG of DOX18. Finally, phosphorylation of Tau decreased with the highest DOX dose in DG and CA3, while TNF-α levels increased in CA1 of DOX18. Our results indicate new pathways not yet described that could be responsible for the cognitive impairments observed in treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dias-Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Ferreira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Reis-Mendes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Isabel Sá
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Capela
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Zivkovic A, Trifunovic S, Savic D, Milosevic K, Lavrnja I. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Influences GH-Axis in Female Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5837. [PMID: 38892024 PMCID: PMC11172041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage to the central nervous system (CNS) are the hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its representative animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). There is scientific evidence for the involvement of growth hormone (GH) in autoimmune regulation. Previous data on the relationship between the GH/insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis and MS/EAE are inconclusive; therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the changes in the GH axis during acute monophasic EAE. The results show that the gene expression of Ghrh and Sst in the hypothalamus does not change, except for Npy and Agrp, while at the pituitary level the Gh, Ghrhr and Ghr genes are upregulated. Interestingly, the cell volume of somatotropic cells in the pituitary gland remains unchanged at the peak of the disease. We found elevated serum GH levels in association with low IGF-1 concentration and downregulated Ghr and Igf1r expression in the liver, indicating a condition resembling GH resistance. This is likely due to inadequate nutrient intake at the peak of the disease when inflammation in the CNS is greatest. Considering that GH secretion is finely regulated by numerous central and peripheral signals, the involvement of the GH/IGF-1 axis in MS/EAE should be thoroughly investigated for possible future therapeutic strategies, especially with a view to improving EAE disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Female
- Rats
- Growth Hormone/metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Hypothalamus/pathology
- Pituitary Gland/metabolism
- Pituitary Gland/pathology
- Receptors, Somatotropin/metabolism
- Receptors, Somatotropin/genetics
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone/genetics
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/genetics
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica Zivkovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (D.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Svetlana Trifunovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Danijela Savic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (D.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Katarina Milosevic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (D.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Z.); (D.S.); (K.M.)
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12
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Fujikawa R, Yamada J, Maeda S, Iinuma KM, Moriyama G, Jinno S. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species production accompanying alternatively activated microglia by risperidone in a mouse ketamine model of schizophrenia. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38770640 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the potential involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and microglia, a major source of ROS, in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In our study, we explored how the second-generation antipsychotic risperidone (RIS) affects ROS regulation and microglial activation in the hippocampus using a mouse ketamine (KET) model of schizophrenia. KET administration resulted in schizophrenia-like behaviors in male C57BL/6J mice, such as impaired prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response and hyper-locomotion. These behaviors were mitigated by RIS. We found that the gene expression level of an enzyme responsible for ROS production (Nox2), which is primarily associated with activated microglia, was lower in KET/RIS-treated mice than in KET-treated mice. Conversely, the levels of antioxidant enzymes (Ho-1 and Gclc) were higher in KET/RIS-treated mice. The microglial density in the hippocampus was increased in KET-treated mice, which was counteracted by RIS. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three morphological subtypes of microglia. In control mice, most microglia were resting-ramified (type I, 89.7%). KET administration shifted the microglial composition to moderately ramified (type II, 44.4%) and hyper-ramified (type III, 25.0%). In KET/RIS-treated mice, type II decreased to 32.0%, while type III increased to 34.0%. An in vitro ROS assay showed that KET increased ROS production in dissociated hippocampal microglia, and this effect was mitigated by RIS. Furthermore, we discovered that a NOX2 inhibitor could counteract KET-induced behavioral deficits. These findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of ROS production by RIS may play a crucial role in ameliorating schizophrenia-related symptoms. Moreover, modulating microglial activation to regulate ROS production has emerged as a novel avenue for developing innovative treatments for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Fujikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Yamada
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Maeda
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko M Iinuma
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Shozo Jinno
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Krejcová LV, Bento-Torres J, Diniz DG, Pereira A, Batista-de-Oliveira M, de Morais AACL, Mendes-da-Silva RF, Abadie-Guedes R, dos Santos ÂA, Lima DS, Guedes RCA, Picanço-Diniz CW. Unraveling the Influence of Litter Size, Maternal Care, Exercise, and Aging on Neurobehavioral Plasticity and Dentate Gyrus Microglia Dynamics in Male Rats. Brain Sci 2024; 14:497. [PMID: 38790475 PMCID: PMC11119659 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the multifaceted influence of litter size, maternal care, exercise, and aging on rats' neurobehavioral plasticity and dentate gyrus microglia dynamics. Body weight evolution revealed a progressive increase until maturity, followed by a decline during aging, with larger litters exhibiting lower weights initially. Notably, exercised rats from smaller litters displayed higher body weights during the mature and aged stages. The dentate gyrus volumes showed no significant differences among groups, except for aged sedentary rats from smaller litters, which exhibited a reduction. Maternal care varied significantly based on litter size, with large litter dams showing lower frequencies of caregiving behaviors. Behavioral assays highlighted the detrimental impact of a sedentary lifestyle and reduced maternal care/large litters on spatial memory, mitigated by exercise in aged rats from smaller litters. The microglial dynamics in the layers of dentate gyrus revealed age-related changes modulated by litter size and exercise. Exercise interventions mitigated microgliosis associated with aging, particularly in aged rats. These findings underscore the complex interplay between early-life experiences, exercise, microglial dynamics, and neurobehavioral outcomes during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lane Viana Krejcová
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, João de Barros Barreto Universitary Hospital, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66050-160, Pará, Brazil
| | - João Bento-Torres
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, João de Barros Barreto Universitary Hospital, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66050-160, Pará, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guerreiro Diniz
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, João de Barros Barreto Universitary Hospital, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66050-160, Pará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Oncology and Medical Sciences, João de Barros Barreto Universitary Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Evandro Chagas Institute, Belém 66093-020, Pará, Brazil
| | - Antonio Pereira
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, João de Barros Barreto Universitary Hospital, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66050-160, Pará, Brazil
| | - Manuella Batista-de-Oliveira
- Naíde Teodósio Nutrition Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Abadie-Guedes
- Naíde Teodósio Nutrition Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ângela Amâncio dos Santos
- Naíde Teodósio Nutrition Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Denise Sandrelly Lima
- Naíde Teodósio Nutrition Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rubem Carlos Araujo Guedes
- Naíde Teodósio Nutrition Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço-Diniz
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, João de Barros Barreto Universitary Hospital, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66050-160, Pará, Brazil
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14
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Shad A, Rewell SSJ, Macowan M, Gandasasmita N, Wang J, Chen K, Marsland B, O'Brien TJ, Li J, Semple BD. Modelling lung infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae after murine traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:122. [PMID: 38720343 PMCID: PMC11080247 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a common comorbidity in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In this study, we established a model of intratracheal Klebsiella pneumoniae administration in young adult male and female mice, at 4 days following an experimental TBI, to investigate how K. pneumoniae infection influences acute post-TBI outcomes. A dose-response curve determined the optimal dose of K. pneumoniae for inoculation (1 x 10^6 colony forming units), and administration at 4 days post-TBI resulted in transient body weight loss and sickness behaviors (hypoactivity and acute dyspnea). K. pneumoniae infection led to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 24 h post-infection, in both TBI and sham (uninjured) mice. By 7 days, when myeloperoxidase + neutrophil numbers had returned to baseline in all groups, lung histopathology was observed with an increase in airspace size in TBI + K. pneumoniae mice compared to TBI + vehicle mice. In the brain, increased neuroinflammatory gene expression was observed acutely in response to TBI, with an exacerbated increase in Ccl2 and Hmox1 in TBI + K. pneumoniae mice compared to either TBI or K. pneumoniae alone. However, the presence of neuroinflammatory immune cells in the injured brain, and the extent of damage to cortical and hippocampal brain tissue, was comparable between K. pneumoniae and vehicle-treated mice by 7 days. Examination of the fecal microbiome across a time course did not reveal any pronounced effects of either injury or K. pneumoniae on bacterial diversity or abundance. Together, these findings demonstrate that K. pneumoniae lung infection after TBI induces an acute and transient inflammatory response, primarily localized to the lungs with some systemic effects. However, this infection had minimal impact on secondary injury processes in the brain following TBI. Future studies are needed to evaluate the potential longer-term consequences of this dual-hit insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shad
- Department of Neuroscience, The School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004 VIC, Australia
- Alfred Health, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah S J Rewell
- Department of Neuroscience, The School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004 VIC, Australia
- Alfred Health, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Macowan
- Department of Immunology, The School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- GIN Discovery Program, The School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natasha Gandasasmita
- Department of Neuroscience, The School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004 VIC, Australia
| | - Jiping Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben Marsland
- Department of Immunology, The School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- GIN Discovery Program, The School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, The School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004 VIC, Australia
- Alfred Health, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- GIN Discovery Program, The School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, The School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Level 6 Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004 VIC, Australia.
- Alfred Health, Prahran, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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15
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Abubakar MG, Agbon AN, Musa SA, Hamman WO, Oladele SB. Biochemical, morphological and molecular assessments of n butanol fraction of Phoenix dactylifera L. following exposure to inorganic mercury on the liver of Wistar rats. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:15. [PMID: 38641806 PMCID: PMC11027370 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercury chloride (HgCl2) damages tissues it comes in contact with in sufficient concentration. This study evaluated the protective effects of n-butanol fraction of Phoenix dactylifera (BFPD) on mercury-triggered liver toxicity in Wistar rats. 25 male rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group I was administered 2 ml/kg of distilled water; group II was administered 5 mg/kg of HgCl2; group III was administered 500 mg/kg of BFPD + 5 mg/kg of HgCl2; group IV was administered 1000 mg/kg of BFPD + 5 mg/kg of HgCl2, while group V was administered 100 mg/kg of silymarin + 5 mg/kg of HgCl2. orally for 2 weeks. The rats were euthanized and liver tissue blood samples were collected for histological, histochemical, stereological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and biochemical studies. RESULTS The results revealed that HgCl2 induced oxidative stress in the rats evident by histoarchitectural distortions and altered levels of liver enzymes, proteins, and oxidative stress biomarkers when compared to the control. However, BFPD treatment restored these changes. Glutathione peroxidase levels decreased (p < 0.05) in the HgCl2-treated group when compared to the control and BFPD-treated groups. HgCl2 group revealed reduced reactivity with histochemical and immunohistochemical stains (Masson's Trichrome and B cell Lymphoma 2) when compared to the control, with a significant decrease in quantified liver Bcl-2 stain intensity when compared to the silymarin-treated group. BFPD administration revealed normal staining intensity comparable to the control. HgCl2 administration revealed a remarked decrease in the number of hepatocytes when compared to the control, BFPD, and silymarin groups. BFPD preserved (p < 0.05) the stereological features when compared to the HgCl2-treated group. GPx activity in the liver decreased (p < 0.05) with HgCl2 administration when compared to the control and silymarin-treated groups. BFPD attenuated GPx gene activity to levels similar to the control indicating some level of amelioration against HgCl2-induced toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The ability of BFPD to mitigate HgCl2 triggered liver alterations could be attributed to the antioxidant property of its flavonoid content. Therefore, BFPD may be a potential candidate for treating and managing liver-induced mercury intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Garba Abubakar
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
- Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria.
| | - A N Agbon
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S A Musa
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - W O Hamman
- Microscopy and Stereology Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S B Oladele
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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16
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Curto Y, Carceller H, Klimczak P, Perez-Rando M, Wang Q, Grewe K, Kawaguchi R, Rizzoli S, Geschwind D, Nave KA, Teruel-Marti V, Singh M, Ehrenreich H, Nácher J. Erythropoietin restrains the inhibitory potential of interneurons in the mouse hippocampus. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02528-2. [PMID: 38622200 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Severe psychiatric illnesses, for instance schizophrenia, and affective diseases or autism spectrum disorders, have been associated with cognitive impairment and perturbed excitatory-inhibitory balance in the brain. Effects in juvenile mice can elucidate how erythropoietin (EPO) might aid in rectifying hippocampal transcriptional networks and synaptic structures of pyramidal lineages, conceivably explaining mitigation of neuropsychiatric diseases. An imminent conundrum is how EPO restores synapses by involving interneurons. By analyzing ~12,000 single-nuclei transcriptomic data, we generated a comprehensive molecular atlas of hippocampal interneurons, resolved into 15 interneuron subtypes. Next, we studied molecular alterations upon recombinant human (rh)EPO and saw that gene expression changes relate to synaptic structure, trans-synaptic signaling and intracellular catabolic pathways. Putative ligand-receptor interactions between pyramidal and inhibitory neurons, regulating synaptogenesis, are altered upon rhEPO. An array of in/ex vivo experiments confirms that specific interneuronal populations exhibit reduced dendritic complexity, synaptic connectivity, and changes in plasticity-related molecules. Metabolism and inhibitory potential of interneuron subgroups are compromised, leading to greater excitability of pyramidal neurons. To conclude, improvement by rhEPO of neuropsychiatric phenotypes may partly owe to restrictive control over interneurons, facilitating re-connectivity and synapse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Curto
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Héctor Carceller
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrycja Klimczak
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Perez-Rando
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Qing Wang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katharina Grewe
- Department of Neuro- & Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Silvio Rizzoli
- Department of Neuro- & Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vicent Teruel-Marti
- Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, City Campus, Göttingen, Germany.
- Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany.
- Experimental Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Juan Nácher
- Neuroplasticity Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
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17
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Marimuthu J, Loudon KMW, Karayakallile Abraham R, Pamarla V, Gardner GE. Predicting lamb carcase composition from tissue depth measured at a single point with an ultrawide-band microwave scanner. Meat Sci 2024; 213:109509. [PMID: 38642510 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the ability of portable ultra-wide band microwave system (MiS) to predict lamb carcase computed tomography (CT) determined composition % of fat, lean muscle and bone. Lamb carcases (n = 343) from 6 slaughter groups were MiS scanned at the C-site (45 mm from spine midline at the 12th /13th rib) prior to CT scanning to determine the proportion of fat, muscle and bone. A machine learning ensemble stacking technique was used to construct the MiS prediction equations. Predictions were pooled and divided in 5 groups stratified for each CT composition trait (fat, lean or bone%) and a k-fold cross validation (k = 5) technique was used to test the predictions. MiS predicted CT fat% with an average RMSEP of 2.385, R2 0.78, bias 0.156 and slope 0.095. The prediction of CT lean% had an average RMSEP of 2.146, R2 0.64, bias 0.172 and slope 0.117. CT bone% prediction had an average RMSEP of 0.990, R2 0.75, bias 0.051 and slope 0.090. Predictions for CT bone% met AUS-MEAT device accreditation error tolerances on the whole range of the dataset. Predictions for CT lean% and fat% met AUS-MEAT error tolerances on a constrained dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marimuthu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Advanced Livestock Measurement Technologies Project, Meat and Livestock Australia, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - K M W Loudon
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Advanced Livestock Measurement Technologies Project, Meat and Livestock Australia, NSW 2060, Australia.
| | - R Karayakallile Abraham
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Advanced Livestock Measurement Technologies Project, Meat and Livestock Australia, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - V Pamarla
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Advanced Livestock Measurement Technologies Project, Meat and Livestock Australia, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - G E Gardner
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Advanced Livestock Measurement Technologies Project, Meat and Livestock Australia, NSW 2060, Australia
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18
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Mohamed H, Deniz OG, Kaplan S. The neuroprotective effects of baobab and black seed on the rat hippocampus exposed to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 137:102405. [PMID: 38447905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential effects on the hippocampus of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) disseminated by mobile phones and the roles of baobab (Adansonia digitata) (AD) and black seed (Nigella sativa) (BS) in mitigating these. Fifty-six male, 12-week-old Wistar albino rats were divided into eight groups of seven animals each. No EMF exposure was applied to the control, AD or BS groups, while the rats in the Sham group were placed in an EMF system with no exposure. A 900-MHz EMF was applied to the EMF+AD, EMF+BS, EMF+AD+BS and EMF groups for 1 hour a day for 28 days. Pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus were subsequently counted using the optical fractionator technique, one of the unbiased stereological methods. Tissue sections were also evaluated histopathologically under light and electron microscopy. The activities of the enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also determined in blood serum samples. Analysis of the stereological data revealed no statistically significant differences between the EMF and control or sham groups in terms of pyramidal neuron numbers (p>0.05). However, stereological examination revealed a crucial difference in the entire hippocampus between the control group and the AD (p<0.01) and BS (p<0.05) groups. Moreover, exposure to 900-MHz EMF produced adverse changes in the structures of neurons at histopathological analysis. Qualitative examinations suggest that a combination of herbal products such as AD and BS exerts a protective effect against such EMF side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omur Gulsum Deniz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
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19
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Delibaş B, Vianney JM, Kaplan S. The assessment of neuronal plasticity following sciatic nerve injuries in rats using electron microscopy and stereological methods. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 136:102396. [PMID: 38331230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The transmission of signals to the cell body from injured axons induces significant alterations in primary sensory neurons located in the ganglion tissue, the site of the perikaryon of the affected nerve fibers. Disruption of the continuity between the proximal and distal ends leads to substantial adaptability in ganglion cells and induces macrophage-like activity in the satellite cells. Research findings have demonstrated the plasticity of satellite cells following injury. Satellite cells work together with sensory neurons to extend the interconnected surface area in order to permit effective communication. The dynamic cellular environment within the ganglion undergoes several alterations that ultimately lead to differentiation, transformation, or cell death. In addition to necrotic and apoptotic cell morphology, phenomena such as histomorphometric alterations, including the development of autophagic vacuoles, chromatolysis, cytosolic degeneration, and other changes, are frequently observed in cells following injury. The use of electron microscopic and stereological techniques for assessing ganglia and nerve fibers is considered a gold standard in terms of investigating neuropathic pain models, regenerative therapies, some treatment methods, and quantifying the outcomes of pharmacological and bioengineering interventions. Stereological techniques provide observer-independent and reliable results, which are particularly useful in the quantitative assessment of three-dimensional structures from two-dimensional images. Employing the fractionator and disector techniques within stereological methodologies yields unbiased data when assessing parameters such as number. The fundamental concept underlying these methodologies involves ensuring that each part of the structure under evaluation has an equal opportunity of being sampled. This review describes the stereological and histomorphometric evaluation of dorsal root ganglion neurons and satellite cells following nerve injury models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Delibaş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkiye
| | - John-Mary Vianney
- School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela-African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Süleyman Kaplan
- School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela-African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkiye.
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20
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Li C, Elabi OF, Fieblinger T, Cenci MA. Structural-functional properties of direct-pathway striatal neurons at early and chronic stages of dopamine denervation. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1227-1241. [PMID: 37876330 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The dendritic arbour of striatal projection neurons (SPNs) is the primary anatomical site where dopamine and glutamate inputs to the basal ganglia functionally interact to control movement. These dendritic arbourisations undergo atrophic changes in Parkinson's disease. A reduction in the dendritic complexity of SPNs is found also in animal models with severe striatal dopamine denervation. Using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the medial forebrain bundle as a model, we set out to compare morphological and electrophysiological properties of SPNs at an early versus a chronic stage of dopaminergic degeneration. Ex vivo recordings were performed in transgenic mice where SPNs forming the direct pathway (dSPNs) express a fluorescent reporter protein. At both the time points studied (5 and 28 days following 6-OHDA lesion), there was a complete loss of dopaminergic fibres through the dorsolateral striatum. A reduction in dSPN dendritic complexity and spine density was manifest at 28, but not 5 days post-lesion. At the late time point, dSPN also exhibited a marked increase in intrinsic excitability (reduced rheobase current, increased input resistance, more evoked action potentials in response to depolarising currents), which was not present at 5 days. The increase in neuronal excitability was accompanied by a marked reduction in inward-rectifying potassium (Kir) currents (which dampen the SPN response to depolarising stimuli). Our results show that dSPNs undergo delayed coordinate changes in dendritic morphology, intrinsic excitability and Kir conductance following dopamine denervation. These changes are predicted to interfere with the dSPN capacity to produce a normal movement-related output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Osama F Elabi
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tim Fieblinger
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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21
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Pereira PA, Tavares M, Laires M, Mota B, Madeira MD, Paula-Barbosa MM, Cardoso A. Effects of Aging and Nerve Growth Factor on Neuropeptide Expression and Cholinergic Innervation of the Rat Basolateral Amygdala. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:155. [PMID: 38534426 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) contains interneurons that express neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), both of which are involved in the regulation of functions and behaviors that undergo deterioration with aging. There is considerable evidence that, in some brain areas, the expression of NPY and VIP might be modulated by acetylcholine. Importantly, the BLA is one of the brain regions that has one of the densest cholinergic innervations, which arise mainly from the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. These cholinergic neurons depend on nerve growth factor (NGF) for their survival, connectivity, and function. Thus, in this study, we sought to determine if aging alters the densities of NPY- and VIP-positive neurons and cholinergic varicosities in the BLA and, in the affirmative, if those changes might rely on insufficient trophic support provided by NGF. The number of NPY-positive neurons was significantly reduced in aged rats, whereas the number of VIP-immunoreactive neurons was unaltered. The decreased NPY expression was fully reversed by the infusion of NGF in the lateral ventricle. The density of cholinergic varicosities was similar in adult and old rats. On the other hand, the density of cholinergic varicosities is significantly higher in old rats treated with NGF than in adult and old rats. Our results indicate a dissimilar resistance of different populations of BLA interneurons to aging. Furthermore, the present data also show that the BLA cholinergic innervation is particularly resistant to aging effects. Finally, our results also show that the reduced NPY expression in the BLA of aged rats can be related to changes in the NGF neurotrophic support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Pereira
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Tavares
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Laires
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Mota
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Dulce Madeira
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel M Paula-Barbosa
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Armando Cardoso
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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22
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Del Rey YC, Schramm A, L. Meyer R, Lund MB, Schlafer S. Combined pH ratiometry and fluorescence lectin-binding analysis (pH-FLBA) for microscopy-based analyses of biofilm pH and matrix carbohydrates. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0200723. [PMID: 38265212 PMCID: PMC10880593 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02007-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms have a complex and heterogeneous three-dimensional architecture that is characterized by chemically and structurally distinct microenvironments. Confocal microscopy-based pH ratiometry and fluorescence lectin-binding analysis (FLBA) are well-established methods to characterize pH developments and the carbohydrate matrix architecture of biofilms at the microscale. Here, we developed a combined analysis, pH-FLBA, to concomitantly map biofilm pH and the distribution of matrix carbohydrates in bacterial biofilms while preserving the biofilm microarchitecture. As a proof of principle, the relationship between pH and the presence of galactose- and fucose-containing matrix components was investigated in dental biofilms grown with and without sucrose. The pH response to a sucrose challenge was monitored in different areas at the biofilm base using the ratiometric pH-sensitive dye C-SNARF-4. Thereafter, the fucose- and galactose-specific fluorescently labeled lectins Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) and Morus nigra agglutinin G (MNA-G) were used to visualize carbohydrate matrix components in the same biofilm areas and their immediate surroundings. Sucrose during growth significantly decreased biofilm pH (P < 0.05) and increased the amounts of both MNA-G- and AAL-targeted matrix carbohydrates (P < 0.05). Moreover, it modulated the biofilm composition towards a less diverse community dominated by streptococci, as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Altogether, these results suggest that the production of galactose- and fucose-containing matrix carbohydrates is related to streptococcal metabolism and, thereby, pH profiles in dental biofilms. In conclusion, pH-FLBA using lectins with different carbohydrate specificities is a useful method to investigate the association between biofilm pH and the complex carbohydrate architecture of bacterial biofilms.IMPORTANCEBiofilm pH is a key regulating factor in several biological and biochemical processes in environmental, industrial, and medical biofilms. At the microscale, microbial biofilms are characterized by steep pH gradients and an extracellular matrix rich in carbohydrate components with diffusion-modifying properties that contribute to bacterial acid-base metabolism. Here, we propose a combined analysis of pH ratiometry and fluorescence lectin-binding analysis, pH-FLBA, to concomitantly investigate the matrix architecture and pH developments in microbial biofilms, using complex saliva-derived biofilms as an example. Spatiotemporal changes in biofilm pH are monitored non-invasively over time by pH ratiometry, while FLBA with lectins of different carbohydrate specificities allows mapping the distribution of multiple relevant matrix components in the same biofilm areas. As the biofilm structure is preserved, pH-FLBA can be used to investigate the in situ relationship between the biofilm matrix architecture and biofilm pH in complex multispecies biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi C. Del Rey
- Section for Oral Ecology, Cariology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Schramm
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke L. Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Braad Lund
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Schlafer
- Section for Oral Ecology, Cariology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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23
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Seblani M, Ertlen C, Coyle T, Decherchi P, Brezun JM. Combined effect of trifluoperazine and sodium cromoglycate on reducing acute edema and limiting lasting functional impairments after spinal cord injury in rats. Exp Neurol 2024; 372:114612. [PMID: 37993080 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Edema formation is one of the very first events to occur after spinal cord injury (SCI) leading to an increase of the intrathecal pressure and consequently to serious spinal tissue and functional impairments. Current edema treatments are still symptomatic and/or non-specific. Since edema formation mechanisms are mainly described as vasogenic and cytotoxic, it becomes crucial to understand the interplay between these two subtypes. Acting on key targets to inhibit edema formation may reduce secondary damage and related functional impairments. In this study, we characterize the edema kinetic after T9-10 spinal contusion. We use trifluoperazine (TFP) to block the expression and the functional subcellular localization of aquaporin-4 supposed to be implicated in the cytotoxic edema formation. We also use sodium cromoglycate (SCG) to deactivate mast cell degranulation known to be implicated in the vasogenic edema formation. Our results show a significant reduction of edema after TFP treatment and after TFP-SCG combined treatment compared to control. This reduction is correlated with limited onset of initial sensorimotor impairments particularly after combined treatment. Our results highlight the importance of potential synergetic targets in early edema therapy after SCI as part of tissue sparing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Seblani
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Team "Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire" (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Céline Ertlen
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Team "Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire" (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Thelma Coyle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Team "Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire" (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Patrick Decherchi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Team "Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire" (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Michel Brezun
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Team "Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire" (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France.
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Delibaş B, Kaplan S. The histomorphological and stereological assessment of rat dorsal root ganglion tissues after various types of sciatic nerve injury. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:145-163. [PMID: 37855874 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries lead to significant changes in the dorsal root ganglia, where the cell bodies of the damaged axons are located. The sensory neurons and the surrounding satellite cells rearrange the composition of the intracellular organelles to enhance their plasticity for adaptation to changing conditions and response to injury. Meanwhile, satellite cells acquire phagocytic properties and work with macrophages to eliminate degenerated neurons. These structural and functional changes are not identical in all injury types. Understanding the cellular response, which varies according to the type of injury involved, is essential in determining the optimal method of treatment. In this research, we investigated the numerical and morphological changes in primary sensory neurons and satellite cells in the dorsal root ganglion 30 days following chronic compression, crush, and transection injuries using stereology, high-resolution light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and behavioral analysis techniques. Electron microscopic methods were employed to evaluate fine structural alterations in cells. Stereological evaluations revealed no statistically significant difference in terms of mean sensory neuron numbers (p > 0.05), although a significant decrease was observed in sensory neuron volumes in the transection and crush injury groups (p < 0.05). Active caspase-3 immunopositivity increased in the injury groups compared to the sham group (p < 0.05). While crush injury led to desensitization, chronic compression injury caused thermal hyperalgesia. Macrophage infiltrations were observed in all injury types. Electron microscopic results revealed that the chromatolysis response was triggered in the sensory neuron bodies from the transection injury group. An increase in organelle density was observed in the perikaryon of sensory neurons after crush-type injury. This indicates the presence of a more active regeneration process in crush-type injury than in other types. The effect of chronic compression injury is more devastating than that of crush-type injury, and the edema caused by compression significantly inhibits the regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Delibaş
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Türkiye
| | - Suleyman Kaplan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye.
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Adams AD, Lin J, Bianchi DW, Bishop L, Sato T, Baxter LL, Hoffmann V, Koehly L, Guedj F. Embryonic statistical analyses reveal 2 growth phenotypes in mouse models of Down syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:258.e1-258.e11. [PMID: 37544351 PMCID: PMC10841273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome is associated with several comorbidities, including intellectual disability, growth restriction, and congenital heart defects. The prevalence of Down syndrome-associated comorbidities is highly variable, and intellectual disability, although fully penetrant, ranges from mild to severe. Understanding the basis of this interindividual variability might identify predictive biomarkers of in utero and postnatal outcomes that could be used as endpoints to test the efficacy of future therapeutic interventions. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to examine if antenatal interindividual variability exists in mouse models of Down syndrome and whether applying statistical approaches to clinically relevant measurements (ie, the weights of the embryo, placenta, and brain) could define cutoffs that discriminate between subgroups of trisomic embryos. STUDY DESIGN Three commonly used mouse models of Down syndrome (Dp(16)1/Yey, Ts65Dn, and Ts1Cje) and a new model (Ts66Yah) were used in this study. Trisomic and euploid littermate embryos were used from each model with total numbers of 102 for Ts66Yah, 118 for Dp(16)1/Yey, 92 for Ts65Dn, and 126 for Ts1Cje. Placental, embryonic, and brain weights and volumes at embryonic day 18.5 were compared between genotypes in each model. K-mean clustering analysis was applied to embryonic and brain weights to identify severity classes in trisomic embryos, and brain and placental volumetric measurements were compared between genotypes and classes for each strain. In addition, Ts66Yah embryos were examined for malformations because embryonic phenotypes have never been examined in this model. RESULTS Reduced body and brain weights were present in Ts66Yah, Dp(16)1/Yey, and Ts65Dn embyos. Cluster analysis identified 2 severity classes in trisomic embryos-mild and severe-in all 4 models that were distinguishable using a putative embryonic weight cutoff of <0.5 standard deviation below the mean. Ts66Yah trisomic embryos develop congenital anomalies that are also found in humans with Down syndrome, including congenital heart defects and renal pelvis dilation. CONCLUSION Statistical approaches applied to clinically relevant measurements revealed 2 classes of phenotypic severity in trisomic mouse models of Down syndrome. Analysis of severely affected trisomic animals may facilitate the identification of biomarkers and endpoints that can be used to prenatally predict outcomes and the efficacy of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- April D Adams
- Section on Prenatal Genomics and Fetal Therapy, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jielu Lin
- Section on Social Network Methods, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diana W Bianchi
- Section on Prenatal Genomics and Fetal Therapy, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Lauren Bishop
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Taisuke Sato
- Section on Prenatal Genomics and Fetal Therapy, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura L Baxter
- Section on Prenatal Genomics and Fetal Therapy, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura Koehly
- Section on Social Network Methods, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Faycal Guedj
- Section on Prenatal Genomics and Fetal Therapy, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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26
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Yahyazadeh A, Başak F, Demirel MA. Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 and curcumin on antioxidant enzyme activity and hippocampal alteration following exposure to cyclophosphamide in male rat. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102296. [PMID: 38184921 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (KQ10) and curcumin (KUR) supplements are extensively used for their potential antioxidant, anticancer, and antiapoptotic properties. The present study investigated the neuroprotective potential of KQ10 and KUR against the side effect of cyclophosphamide (SF) (150 mg/kg) on the hippocampus of male Wistar albino rats. Forty-nine 10-12 weeks old rats were randomly divided into seven groups: control, olive oil (OL), SF, KQ10, KUR, SF+KQ10, and SF+KUR. Our biochemical finding showed a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in the SF group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was also a significant reduction in the total number of the hippocampal pyramidal neurons in the CA1, CA2, and CA1-3 regions in the SF group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In the SF+KQ10 group, we found a significant increase in serum SOD level and the total number of the hippocampal pyramidal neurons in the CA1, CA2, and CA1-3 regions compared to the SF group (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical and histopathological examination exhibited noteworthy findings in the hippocampus tissues. Our findings showed that KQ10 administration significantly mitigated the hippocampal alteration caused by SF through enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing apoptosis. However, we found no protective activity of KUR on the hippocampus tissue, which may be due to its weak antioxidative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Yahyazadeh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
| | - Feyza Başak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Mürşide Ayşe Demirel
- Laboratory Animals Breeding and Experimental Research Centre, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Turkey
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27
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Morrissey ZD, Gao J, Shetti A, Li W, Zhan L, Li W, Fortel I, Saido T, Saito T, Ajilore O, Cologna SM, Lazarov O, Leow AD. Temporal Alterations in White Matter in An App Knock-In Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0496-23.2024. [PMID: 38290851 PMCID: PMC10897532 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0496-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and results in neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. White matter (WM) is affected in AD and has implications for neural circuitry and cognitive function. The trajectory of these changes across age, however, is still not well understood, especially at earlier stages in life. To address this, we used the AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F knock-in (APPKI) mouse model that harbors a single copy knock-in of the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene with three familial AD mutations. We performed in vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study how the structural properties of the brain change across age in the context of AD. In late age APPKI mice, we observed reduced fractional anisotropy (FA), a proxy of WM integrity, in multiple brain regions, including the hippocampus, anterior commissure (AC), neocortex, and hypothalamus. At the cellular level, we observed greater numbers of oligodendrocytes in middle age (prior to observations in DTI) in both the AC, a major interhemispheric WM tract, and the hippocampus, which is involved in memory and heavily affected in AD, prior to observations in DTI. Proteomics analysis of the hippocampus also revealed altered expression of oligodendrocyte-related proteins with age and in APPKI mice. Together, these results help to improve our understanding of the development of AD pathology with age, and imply that middle age may be an important temporal window for potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachery D Morrissey
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
- Preclinical Imaging Core, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Aashutosh Shetti
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Wenping Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Liang Zhan
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Weiguo Li
- Preclinical Imaging Core, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Igor Fortel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Takaomi Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Olusola Ajilore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Orly Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Alex D Leow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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Ancău M, Tanti GK, Butenschoen VM, Gempt J, Yakushev I, Nekolla S, Mühlau M, Scheunemann C, Heininger S, Löwe B, Löwe E, Baer S, Fischer J, Reiser J, Ayachit SS, Liesche-Starnecker F, Schlegel J, Matiasek K, Schifferer M, Kirschke JS, Misgeld T, Lueth T, Hemmer B. Validating a minipig model of reversible cerebral demyelination using human diagnostic modalities and electron microscopy. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104982. [PMID: 38306899 PMCID: PMC10850420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis, are significant sources of morbidity in young adults despite therapeutic advances. Current murine models of remyelination have limited applicability due to the low white matter content of their brains, which restricts the spatial resolution of diagnostic imaging. Large animal models might be more suitable but pose significant technological, ethical and logistical challenges. METHODS We induced targeted cerebral demyelinating lesions by serially repeated injections of lysophosphatidylcholine in the minipig brain. Lesions were amenable to follow-up using the same clinical imaging modalities (3T magnetic resonance imaging, 11C-PIB positron emission tomography) and standard histopathology protocols as for human diagnostics (myelin, glia and neuronal cell markers), as well as electron microscopy (EM), to compare against biopsy data from two patients. FINDINGS We demonstrate controlled, clinically unapparent, reversible and multimodally trackable brain white matter demyelination in a large animal model. De-/remyelination dynamics were slower than reported for rodent models and paralleled by a degree of secondary axonal pathology. Regression modelling of ultrastructural parameters (g-ratio, axon thickness) predicted EM features of cerebral de- and remyelination in human data. INTERPRETATION We validated our minipig model of demyelinating brain diseases by employing human diagnostic tools and comparing it with biopsy data from patients with cerebral demyelination. FUNDING This work was supported by the DFG under Germany's Excellence Strategy within the framework of the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (EXC 2145 SyNergy, ID 390857198) and TRR 274/1 2020, 408885537 (projects B03 and Z01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Ancău
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Goutam Kumar Tanti
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vicki Marie Butenschoen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Igor Yakushev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Nekolla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Mark Mühlau
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Scheunemann
- Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Ergosurg GmbH, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heininger
- Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Ergosurg GmbH, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Benjamin Löwe
- Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Ergosurg GmbH, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Erik Löwe
- Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Ergosurg GmbH, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Silke Baer
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Fischer
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Reiser
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sai S Ayachit
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany
| | - Friederike Liesche-Starnecker
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Jan S Kirschke
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Lueth
- Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Ergosurg GmbH, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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Urban III ET, Hudson HM, Li Y, Nishibe M, Barbay S, Guggenmos DJ, Nudo RJ. Corticocortical connections of the rostral forelimb area in rats: a quantitative tract-tracing study. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad530. [PMID: 38265300 PMCID: PMC10839842 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The rostral forelimb area (RFA) in the rat is a premotor cortical region based on its dense efferent projections to primary motor cortex. This study describes corticocortical connections of RFA and the relative strength of connections with other cortical areas. The goal was to provide a better understanding of the cortical network in which RFA participates, and thus, determine its function in sensorimotor behavior. The RFA of adult male Long-Evans rats (n = 6) was identified using intracortical microstimulation techniques and injected with the tract-tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). In post-mortem tissue, locations of BDA-labeled terminal boutons and neuronal somata were plotted and superimposed on cortical field boundaries. Quantitative estimates of terminal boutons in each region of interest were based on unbiased stereological methods. The results demonstrate that RFA has dense connections with primary motor cortex and frontal cortex medial and lateral to RFA. Moderate connections were found with insular cortex, primary somatosensory cortex (S1), the M1/S1 overlap zone, and lateral somatosensory areas. Cortical connections of RFA in rat are strikingly similar to cortical connections of the ventral premotor cortex in non-human primates, suggesting that these areas share similar functions and allow greater translation of rodent premotor cortex studies to primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Urban III
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Heather M Hudson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Mariko Nishibe
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Scott Barbay
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - David J Guggenmos
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Randolph J Nudo
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Salem S, Leach L. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells from gestational diabetes show impaired ability to up-regulate paracellular permeability from sub-endothelial niche. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:87-102. [PMID: 38168704 PMCID: PMC10794701 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In vitro studies have shown that Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) can cross umbilical and uterine endothelial barriers and up-regulate endothelial junctional integrity from sub-endothelial niches. This pericytic behaviour may be lost in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes (GDM), where increased vascular permeability and junctional disruption are reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether WJ-MSCs isolated from GDM pregnancies displayed any changes in morphology, proliferation, VEGF-A secretion, and their ability to influence paracellular junctional composition and permeability. WJ-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cords from normal pregnancies (nWJ-MSCs, n=13) and those complicated by GDM (gWJ-MSCs), either diet-controlled (d-GDM, n=13) or metformin-treated (m-GDM, n=9). We recorded that 4-fold more WJ-MSCs migrated from m-GDM, and 2.5-fold from d-GDM cord samples compared with the normal pregnancy. gWJ-MSCs showed a less predominance of spindle-shaped morphology and secreted 3.8-fold more VEGF-A compared with nWJ-MSCs. The number of cells expressing CD105 (Endoglin) was higher in gWJ-MSCs compared with nWJ-MSCs (17%) at P-2. The tracer leakage after 24 h across the HUVEC + gWJ-MSCs bilayer was 22.13% and 11.2% higher in the m-GDM and d-GDM, respectively, HUVEC + nWJ-MSCs. Transfection studies with siRNAs that target Endoglin were performed in n-WJ-MSCs; transfected cells were co-cultured with HUVEC followed by permeability studies and VE-cadherin analyses. Loss of Endoglin also led to increased VEGF-A secretion, increased permeability and affected endothelial stabilization. These results reinforce the pericytic role of nWJ-MSCs to promote vascular repair and the deficient ability of gWJ-MSCs to maintain endothelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Salem
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Lopa Leach
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
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Nejatollahi F, Nadimi E, Noorafshan A, Moazen S, Alizadeh AM, Khalighfard S, Sahebkar A. Reduced Tumor Volume and Increased Necrosis of Human Breast Tumor Xenograft in Mice Pretreated by a Cocktail of Three Specific Anti-HER2 scFvs. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:409-418. [PMID: 38018211 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037269645231031095145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess the effects of a cocktail comprising three specific anti- HER2 scFvs on breast tumor formation in a xenograft mouse model and to evaluate quantitative changes in the tumor using stereological analysis. METHODS Three specific anti-HER2 phage antibodies were produced from a scFv-library using phage display technology. The cell binding capacities of the antibodies were assessed via FACS analysis. Soluble forms of the antibodies were prepared by infecting HB2151-E. coli cells and purified using a centrifugal ultrafiltration method. The purification process was evaluated by SDSPAGE analysis. Two forms of scFv cocktails were prepared, soluble scFv and phage-scFv cocktail, which contained an equal amount/phage of each of the three antibodies. Inbred female BALB/c mice were pretreated with 5 and 20 mg/kg of the soluble scFv cocktail and 1011 phage-scFv cocktail/ kg. The mice were then injected with 2×106 SKBR-3 human breast cancer cells. Total tumor, inflammatory and non-inflammatory volumes were estimated using the Cavalieri principle after preparing photomicrograph slides. RESULTS The anti-HER2 scFvs showed significantly higher binding to SKBR-3 cells compared to the isotype control. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the high purification of the scFvs. Stereological analysis revealed that the group pretreated with 20 mg/kg of the soluble scFv cocktail exhibited the highest reductions in total tumor volume, non-inflammatory volume, and inflammatory volume, with reductions of 73%, 78%, and 72%, respectively, compared to PBS-pretreated mice (P-value < 0.0001). The volumetric ratio of necrotic tissue to total tumor volume increased by 2.2-fold and 2- fold in the 20 mg/kg of soluble scFv cocktail and phage-scFv cocktail groups, respectively, compared to the PBS-treated mice (P-value < 0.05). CONCLUSION Pre-treatment with a 20 mg/kg anti-HER2 scFv cocktail resulted in a significant reduction in tumor volume and increased necrotic area in a human breast cancer xenograft model, indicating the remarkable anti-tumor effect of the cocktail in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroogh Nejatollahi
- Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Nadimi
- Recombinant Antibody Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Noorafshan
- Department of Neuroscience, City University in Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Setareh Moazen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | | | - Solmaz Khalighfard
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Bojarzadeh H, Lazzarini G, Gatta A, Sadeghinezhad J, Samieeroudy L, Pirone A, Miragliotta V. Three-dimensional morphometry of the testis in dog using design-unbiased stereology. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e12968. [PMID: 37712329 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Testis is considered the main organ of the male reproductive system. Dogs are used as a suitable experimental model of testicular diseases in humans. From the veterinary aspect, several disorders have been reported to affect the testis in dogs. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the morphometrical features of the dog testis using design-based stereology. The testes of six male dogs were used. Isotropic, uniform random sections were obtained and processed for light microscopy. Testicular total volume and the fractional volume of the seminiferous tubules, interstitial tissue and germinal epithelium were measured using the Cavalieri's estimator and the point counting system. Germinal epithelial surface area was estimated using test lines, and total length of seminiferous tubules was analysed using the counting frames. The total volume of testis was calculated 13.64 ± 1.94 cm3 . The relative volume fractions of the seminiferous tubules, interstitial tissue and germinal layer expressed as a percentage of total testicular volume were found to be 75.87 ± 6.11%, 23.68 ± 5.15% and 64.15 ± 4.82%, respectively. The surface area of the germinal layer was 915.25 ± 150.48 cm2 . The thickness of germinal layer was estimated to be 96.18 ± 10.72 μm. The total length of seminiferous tubules measured 290.8 ± 35.86 m. No statistical difference in investigated parameters was found between the left and right testes (p > 0.05). Our data might contribute to the male reproductive knowledge, help develop experimental studies in this field and possibly lead to advancement in the diagnosis and treatment of testicular diseases in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Bojarzadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giulia Lazzarini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gatta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Javad Sadeghinezhad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Samieeroudy
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Pirone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Dukanovic Rikvold P, Skov Hansen LB, Meyer RL, Jørgensen MR, Tiwari MK, Schlafer S. The Effect of Enzymatic Treatment with Mutanase, Beta-Glucanase, and DNase on a Saliva-Derived Biofilm Model. Caries Res 2023; 58:68-76. [PMID: 38154453 PMCID: PMC10997270 DOI: 10.1159/000535980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dental biofilm matrix is an important determinant of virulence for caries development and comprises a variety of extracellular polymeric substances that contribute to biofilm stability. Enzymes that break down matrix components may be a promising approach to caries control, and in light of the compositional complexity of the dental biofilm matrix, treatment with multiple enzymes may enhance the reduction of biofilm formation compared to single enzyme therapy. The present study investigated the effect of the three matrix-degrading enzymes mutanase, beta-glucanase, and DNase, applied separately or in combinations, on biofilm prevention and removal in a saliva-derived in vitro-grown model. METHODS Biofilms were treated during growth to assess biofilm prevention or after 24 h of growth to assess biofilm removal by the enzymes. Biofilms were quantified by crystal violet staining and impedance-based real-time cell analysis, and the biofilm structure was visualized by confocal microscopy and staining of extracellular DNA (eDNA) and polysaccharides. RESULTS The in vitro model was dominated by Streptococcus spp., as determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. All tested enzymes and combinations had a significant effect on biofilm prevention, with reductions of >90% for mutanase and all combinations including mutanase. Combined application of DNase and beta-glucanase resulted in an additive effect (81.0% ± 1.3% SD vs. 36.9% ± 21.9% SD and 48.2% ± 14.9% SD). For biofilm removal, significant reductions of up to 73.2% ± 5.5% SD were achieved for combinations including mutanase, whereas treatment with DNase had no effect. Glucans, but not eDNA decreased in abundance upon treatment with all three enzymes. CONCLUSION Multi-enzyme treatment is a promising approach to dental biofilm control that needs to be validated in more diverse biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Dukanovic Rikvold
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Ecology, Cariology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Novozymes A/S, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Rikke Louise Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Sebastian Schlafer
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Ecology, Cariology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Talati CP, Lee JW, Lu S, Ojeda NB, Prakash V, Dankhara N, Nielson TC, Sandifer SP, Bidwell GL, Pang Y, Fan LW, Bhatt AJ. Intranasal insulin attenuates hypoxia-ischemia-induced short-term sensorimotor behavioral disturbances, neuronal apoptosis, and brain damage in neonatal rats. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 6:100123. [PMID: 38235171 PMCID: PMC10793091 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a significant need for additional therapy to improve outcomes for newborns with acute Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy (HIE). New evidence suggests that insulin could be neuroprotective. This study aimed to investigate whether intranasal insulin attenuates HI-induced brain damage and neurobehavioral dysfunction in neonatal rats. Postnatal day 10 (P10), Sprague-Dawley rat pups were randomly divided into Sham + Vehicle, Sham + Insulin, HI + Vehicle, and HI + Insulin groups with equal male-to-female ratios. Pups either had HI by permanent ligation of the right common carotid artery followed by 90 min of hypoxia (8% O2) or sham surgery followed by room air exposure. Immediately after HI or Sham, pups were given fluorescence-tagged insulin (Alex-546-insulin)/vehicle, human insulin (25 μg), or vehicle in each nare under anesthesia. Shortly after administration, widespread Alex-546-insulin-binding cells were detected in the brain, primarily co-localized with neuronal nuclei-positive neurons on double-immunostaining. In the hippocampus, phospho-Akt was activated in a subset of Alex-546-insulin double-labeled cells, suggesting activation of the Akt/PI3K pathway in these neurons. Intranasal insulin (InInsulin) reduced HI-induced sensorimotor behavioral disturbances at P11. InInsulin prevented HI-induced increased Fluoro-Jade C+ degenerated neurons, cleaved caspase 3+ neurons, and volume loss in the ipsilateral brain at P11. There was no sex-specific response to HI or insulin. The findings confirm that intranasal insulin provides neuroprotection against HI brain injury in P10 rats associated with activation of intracellular cell survival signaling. If further pre-clinical research shows long-term benefits, intranasal insulin has the potential to be a promising non-invasive therapy to improve outcomes for newborns with HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag P. Talati
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Jonathan W. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Silu Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Norma B. Ojeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Varsha Prakash
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Nilesh Dankhara
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Tanner C. Nielson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Sara P. Sandifer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Gene L. Bidwell
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Yi Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Lir-Wan Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Abhay J. Bhatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
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Latchney SE, Ruiz Lopez BR, Womble PD, Blandin KJ, Lugo JN. Neuronal deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog in mice results in spatial dysregulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1308066. [PMID: 38130682 PMCID: PMC10733516 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1308066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is a persistent phenomenon in mammals that occurs in select brain structures in both healthy and diseased brains. The tumor suppressor gene, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (Pten) has previously been found to restrict the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in vivo. In this study, we aimed to provide a comprehensive picture of how conditional deletion of Pten may regulate the genesis of adult NSPCs in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone bordering the lateral ventricles. Using conventional markers and stereology, we quantified multiple stages of neurogenesis, including proliferating cells, immature neurons (neuroblasts), and apoptotic cells in several regions of the dentate gyrus, including the subgranular zone (SGZ), outer granule cell layer (oGCL), molecular layer, and hilus at 4 and 10 weeks of age. Our data demonstrate that conditional deletion of Pten in mice produces successive increases in dentate gyrus proliferating cells and immature neuroblasts, which confirms the known negative roles Pten has on cell proliferation and maturation. Specifically, we observe a significant increase in Ki67+ proliferating cells in the neurogenic SGZ at 4 weeks of age, but not 10 weeks of age. We also observe a delayed increase in neuroblasts at 10 weeks of age. However, our study expands on previous work by providing temporal, subregional, and neurogenesis-stage resolution. Specifically, we found that Pten deletion initially increases cell proliferation in the neurogenic SGZ, but this increase spreads to non-neurogenic dentate gyrus areas, including the hilus, oGCL, and molecular layer, as mice age. We also observed region-specific increases in apoptotic cells in the dentate gyrus hilar region that paralleled the regional increases in Ki67+ cells. Our work is accordant with the literature showing that Pten serves as a negative regulator of dentate gyrus neurogenesis but adds temporal and spatial components to the existing knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Latchney
- Department of Biology, St. Mary’s College of Maryland, St. Mary’s City, MD, United States
| | - Brayan R. Ruiz Lopez
- Department of Biology, St. Mary’s College of Maryland, St. Mary’s City, MD, United States
| | - Paige D. Womble
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Katherine J. Blandin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Joaquin N. Lugo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
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Bañuelos C, Kittleson JR, LaNasa KH, Galiano CS, Roth SM, Perez EJ, Long JM, Roberts MT, Fong S, Rapp PR. Cognitive Aging and the Primate Basal Forebrain Revisited: Disproportionate GABAergic Vulnerability Revealed. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8425-8441. [PMID: 37798131 PMCID: PMC10711728 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0456-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal forebrain (BF) projections to the hippocampus and cortex are anatomically positioned to influence a broad range of cognitive capacities that are known to decline in normal aging, including executive function and memory. Although a long history of research on neurocognitive aging has focused on the role of the cholinergic basal forebrain system, intermingled GABAergic cells are numerically as prominent and well positioned to regulate the activity of their cortical projection targets, including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. The effects of aging on noncholinergic BF neurons in primates, however, are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted quantitative morphometric analyses in brains from young adult (6 females, 2 males) and aged (11 females, 5 males) rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) that displayed significant impairment on standard tests that require the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Cholinergic (ChAT+) and GABAergic (GAD67+) neurons were quantified through the full rostrocaudal extent of the BF. Total BF immunopositive neuron number (ChAT+ plus GAD67+) was significantly lower in aged monkeys compared with young, largely because of fewer GAD67+ cells. Additionally, GAD67+ neuron volume was greater selectively in aged monkeys without cognitive impairment compared with young monkeys. These findings indicate that the GABAergic component of the primate BF is disproportionally vulnerable to aging, implying a loss of inhibitory drive to cortical circuitry. Moreover, adaptive reorganization of the GABAergic circuitry may contribute to successful neurocognitive outcomes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A long history of research has confirmed the role of the basal forebrain in cognitive aging. The majority of that work has focused on BF cholinergic neurons that innervate the cortical mantle. Codistributed BF GABAergic populations are also well positioned to influence cognitive function, yet little is known about this prominent neuronal population in the aged brain. In this unprecedented quantitative comparison of both cholinergic and GABAergic BF neurons in young and aged rhesus macaques, we found that neuron number is significantly reduced in the aged BF compared with young, and that this reduction is disproportionately because of a loss of GABAergic neurons. Together, our findings encourage a new perspective on the functional organization of the primate BF in neurocognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bañuelos
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Joshua R Kittleson
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Katherine H LaNasa
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Christina S Galiano
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Stephanie M Roth
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Evelyn J Perez
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Jeffrey M Long
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Mary T Roberts
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Sania Fong
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Peter R Rapp
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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Aslan D, Soztutar E, Ay H. Adverse effects of maternal retinyl palmitate, a vitamin A compound, on the fetal liver. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2023; 93:529-534. [PMID: 36200141 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Consuming high doses of vitamin A during pregnancy may lead to malformations in the offspring. Some reports state that low doses that do not cause macroscopic abnormalities may result in mental and behavioral disorders. However, there are few studies on the microscopic effects of these doses on the organism. Objective: The aim was to investigate the effects of early prenatal exposure to different doses of oral vitamin A on the fetal liver. Materials and methods: Twenty-five pregnant rats, divided into five groups, received oral vitamin A at doses of 10,000, 50,000, 100,000, and 200,000 IU/kg between days 10 and 12 of gestation. The fetuses were collected on day 19 of gestation, their livers were dissected, and histology, apoptosis, and proliferation were examined by hematoxylin-eosin, TUNEL assay, and Ki67 immunolabeling using stereological methods. Results: Vitamin A decreased fetal liver volume, the number of Ki67-positive cells per unit volume, and the total number of hepatocytes at all doses except 10,000 IU/kg (p<0.001). Consequently, apoptosis was significantly higher in the groups receiving 100,000 and 200,000 IU/kg vitamin A (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study shows that vitamin A administered during gestation days 10-12 has a suppressive effect on the developing rat liver when the dose exceeds 10,000 IU/kg, probably due to increased apoptosis and suppressed cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Aslan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Erdem Soztutar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ay
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Rentsch P, Egan T, Kuriakose A, Stayte S, Vissel B. The ratio of M1 to M2 microglia in the striatum determines the severity of L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias. J Neurochem 2023; 167:633-647. [PMID: 37916541 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
L-Dopa, while treating motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, can lead to debilitating L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias, limiting its use. To investigate the causative relationship between neuro-inflammation and dyskinesias, we assessed if striatal M1 and M2 microglia numbers correlated with dyskinesia severity and whether the anti-inflammatories, minocycline and indomethacin, reverse these numbers and mitigate against dyskinesia. In 6-OHDA lesioned mice, we used stereology to assess numbers of striatal M1 and M2 microglia populations in non-lesioned (naïve) and lesioned mice that either received no L-Dopa (PD), remained non-dyskinetic even after L-Dopa (non-LID) or became dyskinetic after L-Dopa treatment (LID). We also assessed the effect of minocycline/indomethacin treatment on striatal M1 and M2 microglia and its anti-dyskinetic potential via AIMs scoring. We report that L-Dopa treatment leading to LIDs exacerbates activated microglia numbers beyond that associated with the PD state; the severity of LIDs is strongly correlated to the ratio of the striatal M1 to M2 microglial numbers; in non-dyskinetic mice, there is no M1/M2 microglia ratio increase above that seen in PD mice; and reducing M1/M2 microglia ratio using anti-inflammatories is anti-dyskinetic. Parkinson's disease is associated with increased inflammation, but this is insufficient to underpin dyskinesia. Given that L-Dopa-treated non-LID mice show the same ratio of M1/M2 microglia as PD mice that received no L-Dopa, and, given minocycline/indomethacin reduces both the ratio of M1/M2 microglia and dyskinesia severity, our data suggest the increased microglial M1/M2 ratio that occurs following L-Dopa treatment is a contributing cause of dyskinesias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Rentsch
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy Egan
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea Kuriakose
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandy Stayte
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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LaDage LD, McCormick GL, Robbins TR, Longwell AS, Langkilde T. The effects of early-life and intergenerational stress on the brain. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231356. [PMID: 38018110 PMCID: PMC10685117 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress experienced during ontogeny can have profound effects on the adult phenotype. However, stress can also be experienced intergenerationally, where an offspring's phenotype can be moulded by stress experienced by the parents. Although early-life and intergenerational stress can alter anatomy, physiology, and behaviour, nothing is known about how these stress contexts interact to affect the neural phenotype. Here, we examined how early-life and intergenerational stress affect the brain in eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus). Some lizard populations co-occur with predatory fire ants, and stress from fire ant attacks exerts intergenerational physiological and behavioural changes in lizards. However, it is unclear if intergenerational stress, or the interaction between intergenerational and early-life stress, modulates the brain. To test this, we captured gravid females from fire ant invaded and uninvaded populations, and subjected offspring to three early-life stress treatments: (1) fire ant attack, (2) corticosterone, or (3) a control. Corticosterone and fire ant attack decreased some aspects of the neural phenotype while population of origin and the interaction of early-life stress and population had no effects on the brain. These results suggest that early-life stressors may better predict adult brain variation than intergenerational stress in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara D. LaDage
- Division of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, Penn State Altoona, 3000 Ivyside Dr., Altoona, PA 16601, USA
| | - Gail L. McCormick
- Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Travis R. Robbins
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska Omaha, 6001 Dodge St., Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Anna S. Longwell
- Division of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, Penn State Altoona, 3000 Ivyside Dr., Altoona, PA 16601, USA
| | - Tracy Langkilde
- Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Namlı Kalem M, Anadol E, Kalem Z, Sezginer PY, Elmas C, Yılmaz C, Bakirarar B. A rat study on the PTEN expression in ovarian tissue in PCOS and folliculogenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20774. [PMID: 38008769 PMCID: PMC10679187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to examine alterations in PTEN expression within ovarian tissue in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The analysis also encompassed the examination of PTEN alterations in the ovarian tissue throughout the process of folliculogenesis in rats with normal ovulatory cycles. The study involved 12 adult female Sprague‒Dawley rats randomly assigned to the letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) group as part of an animal-based research endeavour. The sections derived from the ovaries were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for PTEN. The evaluation of PTEN staining levels in ovarian tissues was conducted using electron microscopy. Follicle counts, as well as hormonal and biochemical analyses (serum luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), testosterone, oestradiol levels and serum glucose, triglyceride, HDL and LDL-cholesterol levels), were conducted to provide evidence of the manifestation of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in rats. The number of primordial and Graafian follicles in the PCOS group decreased significantly, and the number of primary, secondary and antral follicles increased significantly. PTEN expression was found to be significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group in the primordial follicle oocyte cytoplasm, primordial follicle granulosa cells, primary follicle oocyte cytoplasm, primary follicle granulosa cells, antral follicle oocyte cytoplasm, antral follicle granulosa cells, and corpus luteum (p = 0.007, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.018, respectively). In the non-PCOS group, a time-dependent comparison of the amount of oocyte cytoplasm and PTEN staining in granulosa cells of the oocytes at different stages of development was performed. While the follicles were developing from the primordial follicle to the primary and antral follicle, the amount of PTEN staining in the oocyte cytoplasm decreased, whereas the PTEN activity in the granulosa cells increased as the oocyte developed (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). The current investigation demonstrated changes in PTEN expression in ovarian tissue throughout the course of normal folliculogenesis, as well as in instances of disrupted folliculogenesis, with a focus on rats with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elvan Anadol
- Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Researches Center, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ziya Kalem
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Cigdem Elmas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gazi University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Canan Yılmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Eiting TP, Smith TD, Forger NG, Dumont ER. Neuronal scaling in the olfactory system of bats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2781-2790. [PMID: 37658819 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Comparative studies are a common way to address large-scale questions in sensory biology. For studies that investigate olfactory abilities, the most commonly used metric is olfactory bulb size. However, recent work has called into question the broad-scale use of olfactory bulb size. In this paper, we use three neuroanatomical measures with a more mechanistic link to olfactory function (number of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), number of mitral cells (MCs), and number of glomeruli) to ask how species with different diets may differ with respect to olfactory ability. We use phyllostomid bats as our study system because behavioral and physiological work has shown that fruit- and nectar-feeding phyllostomids rely on odors for detecting, localizing, and assessing potential foods, while insect-eating species do not. Therefore, we predicted that fruit- and nectar-feeding bats would have larger numbers of these three neuroanatomical measures than insect-eating species. In general, our results supported the predictions. We found that fruit-eaters had greater numbers of OSNs and glomeruli than insect-eaters, but we found no difference between groups in number of MCs. We also examined the allometric relationship between the three neuroanatomical variables and olfactory bulb volume, and we found isometry in all cases. These findings lend support to the notion that neuroanatomical measures can offer valuable insights into comparative olfactory abilities, and suggest that the size of the olfactory bulb may be an informative parameter to use at the whole-organism level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Eiting
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, 221 Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy D Smith
- School of Physical Therapy, 108 Central Loop, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nancy G Forger
- Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, Tobin Hall, 135 Hicks Way, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Dumont
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, 221 Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, 221 Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Rikvold PT, Kambourakis Johnsen K, Leonhardt D, Møllebjerg A, Nielsen SM, Skov Hansen LB, Meyer RL, Schlafer S. A New Device for In Situ Dental Biofilm Collection Additively Manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering and Vat Photopolymerization. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 10:1036-1045. [PMID: 37886402 PMCID: PMC10599433 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Dental biofilms are complex medical biofilms that cause caries, the most prevalent disease of humankind. They are typically collected using handcrafted intraoral devices with mounted carriers for biofilm growth. As the geometry of handcrafted devices is not standardized, the shear forces acting on the biofilms and the access to salivary nutrients differ between carriers. The resulting variability in biofilm growth renders the comparison of different treatment modalities difficult. The aim of the present work was to design and validate an additively manufactured intraoral device with a dental bar produced by direct metal laser sintering and vat photopolymerized inserts with standardized geometry for the mounting of biofilm carriers. Additive manufacturing reduced the production time and cost, guaranteed an accurate fit of the devices and facilitated the handling of carriers without disturbing the biofilm. Biofilm growth was robust, with increasing thickness over time and moderate inter- and intraindividual variation (coefficients of variance 0.48-0.87). The biofilms showed the typical architecture and composition of dental biofilms, as evidenced by confocal microscopy and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Deeper inserts offering increased protection from shear tended to increase the biofilm thickness, whereas prolonged exposure to sucrose during growth increased the biofilm volume but not the thickness. Ratiometric pH imaging revealed considerable pH variation between participants and also inside single biofilms. Intraoral devices for biofilm collection constitute a new application for medical additive manufacturing and offer the best possible basis for studying the influence of different treatment modalities on biofilm growth, composition, and virulence. The Clinical Trial Registration number is: 1-10-72-193-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Thestrup Rikvold
- Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karina Kambourakis Johnsen
- Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dirk Leonhardt
- Central Laboratory, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Møllebjerg
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Signe Maria Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rikke Louise Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Schlafer
- Section for Oral Ecology and Caries Control, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Sandoz PA, Kuhnigk K, Szabo EK, Thunberg S, Erikson E, Sandström N, Verron Q, Brech A, Watzl C, Wagner AK, Alici E, Malmberg KJ, Uhlin M, Önfelt B. Modulation of lytic molecules restrain serial killing in γδ T lymphocytes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6035. [PMID: 37758698 PMCID: PMC10533871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells play a pivotal role in protection against various types of infections and tumours, from early childhood on and throughout life. They consist of several subsets characterised by adaptive and innate-like functions, with Vγ9Vδ2 being the largest subset in human peripheral blood. Although these cells show signs of cytotoxicity, their modus operandi remains poorly understood. Here we explore, using live single-cell imaging, the cytotoxic functions of γδ T cells upon interactions with tumour target cells with high temporal and spatial resolution. While γδ T cell killing is dominated by degranulation, the availability of lytic molecules appears tightly regulated in time and space. In particular, the limited co-occurrence of granzyme B and perforin restrains serial killing of tumour cells by γδ T cells. Thus, our data provide new insights into the cytotoxic arsenal and functions of γδ T cells, which may guide the development of more efficient γδ T cell based adoptive immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Sandoz
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kyra Kuhnigk
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edina K Szabo
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah Thunberg
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elina Erikson
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Sandström
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Quentin Verron
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Brech
- Cancell, Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Department for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Arnika K Wagner
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evren Alici
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Uhlin
- CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Önfelt
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bramati G, Stauffer P, Nigri M, Wolfer DP, Amrein I. Environmental enrichment improves hippocampus-dependent spatial learning in female C57BL/6 mice in novel IntelliCage sweet reward-based behavioral tests. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1256744. [PMID: 37791111 PMCID: PMC10543696 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1256744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The IntelliCage is an automated home-cage system that allows researchers to investigate the spontaneous behavior and learning abilities of group-housed mice. The IntelliCage enables us to increase the standardization and reproducibility of behavioral outcomes by the omission of experimenter-mouse interactions. Although the IntelliCage provides a less stressful environment for animals, standard IntelliCage protocols use controlled water access as the motivational driver for learning. To overcome possible water restrictions in slow learners, we developed a series of novel protocols based on appetitive learning, in which mice had permanent access to plain water but were additionally rewarded with sweetened water upon solving the task. C57BL/6NCrl female mice were used to assess the efficacy of these sweet reward-based protocols in a series of learning tasks. Compared to control mice tested with standard protocols, mice motivated with a sweet reward did equal to or better in operant performance and place learning tasks. Learning of temporal rules was slower than that in controls. When faced with a combined temporal x spatial working memory task, sweet-rewarded mice learned little and chose plain water. In a second set of experiments, the impact of environmental enrichment on appetitive learning was tested. Mice kept under enriched environment (EE) or standard housing (SH) conditions prior to the IntelliCage experiments performed similarly in the sweet-rewarded place learning task. EE mice performed better in the hippocampus-dependent spatial working memory task. The improved performance of EE mice in the hippocampus-dependent spatial working memory task might be explained by the observed larger volume of their mossy fibers. Our results confirm that environmental enrichment increases complex spatial learning abilities and leads to long-lasting morphological changes in the hippocampus. Furthermore, simple standard IntelliCage protocols could easily be adapted to sweet rewards, which improve animal welfare by removing the possibility of water restriction. However, complex behavioral tasks motivated by sweet reward-based learning need further adjustments to reach the same efficacy as standard protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bramati
- Division Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pia Stauffer
- Division Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Nigri
- Division Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David P. Wolfer
- Division Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Irmgard Amrein
- Division Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, University Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
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Gungor Aydin A, Adiguzel E. The mesocortical dopaminergic system cannot explain hyperactivity in an animal model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)- Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:20. [PMID: 37710339 PMCID: PMC10500870 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders with morphological brain abnormalities. There is a growing body of evidence that abnormalities in the dopaminergic system may account for ADHD pathogenesis. However, it is not clear whether the dopaminergic system is hyper or hypoactive. To determine whether the DA neurons and/or axons deficiency might be the cause of the postulated dopaminergic hypofunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, animal model of ADHD), this study examined the dopaminergic neurons and fibers in the brain tissues of SHRs and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY, control animals). Here, we performed immunohistochemical tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) staining on brain sections collected on juveniles from SHR and WKY. Moreover, behavioral testing to examine the hyperactivity in the open field area was also elucidated. RESULTS The mesocortical dopaminergic system appears to be normal in juvenile SHR, as suggested by (i) no alteration in the area density of TH-immunoreactive (TH-ir) dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), (ii) no alterations in the volume density of TH-ir fibers in layer I of the prelimbic (PrL) subregion of medial PFC (mPFC), (iii) no alteration in the percentage of TH-ir dopaminergic fibers in layer I of the PrL subregion of mPFC as revealed by TH and/or DBH immunoreactivity. Furthermore, the SHR showed increased locomotor activity than WKY in the open field test. CONCLUSIONS The demonstration of no alteration in mesocortical dopaminergic neurons and fiber in SHR raises some concern about the position of SHR as an animal model of the inattentive subtype of ADHD. However, these results strengthen this strain as an animal model of hyperactive/impulsive subtype ADHD for future studies that may elucidate the underlying mechanism mediating hyperactivity and test various treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Gungor Aydin
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Esat Adiguzel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20070, Denizli, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Pamukkale University, 20070, Denizli, Turkey
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Letsinger AC, Nacer SA, Stevanovic KD, Larson GJ, DeFilipp JS, Cushman JD, Yakel JL. Genetic deletion of α7 nAChRs reduces hippocampal granule and pyramidal cell number in both sexes but impairs pattern separation in males only. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1244118. [PMID: 37746145 PMCID: PMC10513752 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1244118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neurogenesis within the dentate gyrus is thought to play an important role in cognitive processes such as reversal learning and pattern separation. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) is expressed early in newly formed granule cells of the dentate gyrus, though its role in neurogenesis and related cognitive function is not fully understood. Methods To better characterize relevant function of α7 nAChRs, we performed unbiased stereology to quantify hippocampal granule cells, pyramidal cells, and total volume and used a touchscreen operant spatial discrimination/reversal task to test pattern separation in a global α7 nAChR knockout mouse line. Results The knockout resulted in an ≈22% reduction in granule cells and a ≈ 20% reduction in pyramidal cells in both sexes, with no change in total hippocampal volume. However, the knockout impaired performance in the touchscreen task for males only. The sex-dependent difference in behavioral, but not stereological, results suggest a divergence in the structure-function relationship in males versus females. Detailed analyses revealed males were more biased by the initial reversal contingency relative to females indicating a potential source of the sex-specific interaction with the loss of α7 nAChRs. Discussion These findings argue that the α7 nAChR plays a critical role in hippocampal development, not just granule cell neurogenesis, and plays a sex-dependent role in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayland C. Letsinger
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Samir A. Nacer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Korey D. Stevanovic
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gary J. Larson
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., a DLH Holdings Corp. Company, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jemma S. DeFilipp
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jesse D. Cushman
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jerrel L. Yakel
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
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47
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Müller UJ, Schmalenbach LJ, Dobrowolny H, Guest PC, Schlaaff K, Mawrin C, Truebner K, Bogerts B, Gos T, Bernstein HG, Steiner J. Reduced anterior insular cortex volume in male heroin addicts: a postmortem study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1233-1241. [PMID: 36719479 PMCID: PMC9888352 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We and others have observed reduced volumes of brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus, hypothalamus, and habenula in opioid addiction. Notably, the insular cortex has been under increasing study in addiction, and a smaller anterior insula has been found in alcohol-addicted cases. Here, we have investigated whether similar effects occur in heroin addicts compared to healthy controls. Volumes of the anterior and posterior insula in heroin addicts (n = 14) and controls (n = 13) were assessed by morphometry of Nissl-myelin-stained serial whole-brain coronal sections. The mean relative volume of the anterior insular cortex was smaller than in non-addicted controls (3010 ± 614 *10-6 versus 3970 ± 1306 *10-6; p = 0.021). However, no significant differences in neuronal cell counts were observed. Therefore, the observed volume reduction appears to be a consequence of damaged connecting structures such as neuropil and glial cells. The findings were not confounded by age or duration of autolysis. Our results provide further evidence of structural deficits in key hubs of the addiction circuitry in heroin-dependent individuals and warrant further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf J Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Forensic Psychiatric State Hospital of Saxony-Anhalt, Stendal-Uchtspringe, Germany
| | - Lucas J Schmalenbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Paul C Guest
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Konstantin Schlaaff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZP), Center for Intervention and Research On Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying, Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Truebner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Bogerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Salus Institute, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Gos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
- German Center for Mental Health (DZP), Center for Intervention and Research On Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying, Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany.
- Center for Health Und Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Magdeburg, Germany.
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Bak ST, Haupt-Jorgensen M, Dudele A, Wegener G, Wang T, Nielsen AL, Lund S. The anti-inflammatory agent 5-ASA reduces the level of specific tsRNAs in sperm cells of high-fat fed C57BL/6J mouse sires and improves glucose tolerance in female offspring. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108563. [PMID: 37499293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of obesity and associated comorbidities have increased to epidemic proportions globally. Paternal obesity is an independent risk factor for developing obesity and type 2 diabetes in the following generation, and growing evidence suggests epigenetic inheritance as a mechanism for this predisposition. How and why obesity induces epigenetic changes in sperm cells remain to be clarified in detail. Yet, recent studies show that alterations in sperm content of transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) can transmit the effects of paternal obesity to offspring. Obesity is closely associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Thus, we evaluated whether the anti-inflammatory agent 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) could intervene in the transmission of epigenetic inheritance of paternal obesity by reducing the inflammatory state in obese fathers. METHODS Male C57BL/6JBomTac mice were either fed a high-fat diet or a high-fat diet with 5-ASA for ten weeks before mating. The offspring metabolic phenotype was evaluated, and spermatozoa from sires were isolated for assessment of specific tsRNAs levels. RESULTS 5-ASA intervention reduced the levels of Glu-CTC tsRNAs in sperm cells and improved glucose tolerance in female offspring fed a chow diet. Paternal high-fat diet-induced obesity per se had only a moderate impact on the metabolic phenotype of both male and female offspring in our setting. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the low-grade inflammatory response associated with obesity may be an important factor in epigenetic inheritance of paternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Haupt-Jorgensen
- The Bartholin Institute, Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Anete Dudele
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Department of Clinial Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Tobias Wang
- Department of Bioscience, Section for Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Sten Lund
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Gaus R, Popal M, Heinsen H, Schmitt A, Falkai P, Hof PR, Schmitz C, Vollhardt A. Reduced cortical neuron number and neuron density in schizophrenia with focus on area 24: a post-mortem case-control study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1209-1223. [PMID: 36350376 PMCID: PMC10449727 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Structural and functional abnormalities of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) have frequently been identified in schizophrenia. Alterations of von Economo neurons (VENs), a class of specialized projection neurons, have been found in different neuropsychiatric disorders and are also suspected in schizophrenia. To date, however, no definitive conclusions can be drawn about quantitative histologic changes in the ACC in schizophrenia because of a lack of rigorous, design-based stereologic studies. In the present study, the volume, total neuron number and total number of VENs in layer V of area 24 were determined in both hemispheres of postmortem brains from 12 male patients with schizophrenia and 11 age-matched male controls. To distinguish global from local effects, volume and total neuron number were also determined in the whole area 24 and whole cortical gray matter (CGM). Measurements were adjusted for hemisphere, age, postmortem interval and fixation time using an ANCOVA model. Compared to controls, patients with schizophrenia showed alterations, with lower mean total neuron number in CGM (- 14.9%, P = 0.007) and in layer V of area 24 (- 21.1%, P = 0.002), and lower mean total number of VENs (- 28.3%, P = 0.027). These data provide evidence for ACC involvement in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and complement neuroimaging findings of impaired ACC connectivity in schizophrenia. Furthermore, these results support the hypothesis that the clinical presentation of schizophrenia, particularly deficits in social cognition, is associated with pathology of VENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gaus
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Popal
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- Morphological Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Christoph Schmitz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Alisa Vollhardt
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336 Munich, Germany
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50
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Colcimen N, Altindag F. Evaluation of the effects of sinapic acid and ellagic acid on sciatic nerve in experimental diabetic rats by immunohistochemical and stereological methods. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 131:102274. [PMID: 37085061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
In our study, we aimed to examine the effects of sinapic acid and ellagic acid on neuropathy caused by diabetes in peripheral nerves. Fifty-six adult Wistar Albino rats Control, Diabetes, Diabetes+Sinapic Acid, Diabetes+Ellagic Acid, Diabetes+Sinapic Acid+Ellagic Acid, Sinapic Acid, Ellagic Acid and as Sinapic Acid+Ellagic Acid, they were randomly divided into eight groups(n:7). A single dose of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin(STZ) was administered intraperitoneally to the groups to be diagnosed with diabetes. Diabetes was accepted as blood glucose value of 250 mg/dL and above. Streptozotocin was given to the diabetes groups, 20 mg/kg/day intragastric Sinapic acid to the Sinapic acid groups, 50 mg/kg/day intragastric Ellagic acid to the Ellagic acid groups for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, 0.5 cm of the right sciatic nerve was removed. It was fixed in 10% formaldehyde. After histological follow-up, it was embedded in paraffin, 5 µm thick sections were taken. Immunohistochemical staining with Fibrinogen alpha, Laminin β-1 and Collagen IV antibodies and stereological evaluation was performed by Physical Dissector Combination method. Collagen IV was used in control, diabetes and treatment groups showed similar immunostaining. Fibrinogen alpha was observed to be increased in the vessel wall in the diabetes group, while the uptake was minimal in the control and treatment groups. While Laminin β-1 was increased in the diabetes group compared to the control group, immunostaining was observed in the treatment groups similar to the control group. It was observed that the total nerve area diabetes group decreased significantly compared to the control group, and the treatment groups, except for D+EA group were similar to the control group, but there was no statistically significant difference. The axon numbers in the diabetes group decreased significantly compared to the control group, and the treatment groups were similar to the control group, and there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). It was determined that Sinapic Acid and Ellagic acid had positive effects on the nervous tissue in diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Colcimen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.
| | - Fikret Altindag
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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