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Gauthey A, Kahmen A, Limousin JM, Vilagrosa A, Didion-Gency M, Mas E, Milano A, Tunas A, Grossiord C. High heat tolerance, evaporative cooling, and stomatal decoupling regulate canopy temperature and their safety margins in three European oak species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17439. [PMID: 39092538 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Heatwaves and soil droughts are increasing in frequency and intensity, leading many tree species to exceed their thermal thresholds, and driving wide-scale forest mortality. Therefore, investigating heat tolerance and canopy temperature regulation mechanisms is essential to understanding and predicting tree vulnerability to hot droughts. We measured the diurnal and seasonal variation in leaf water potential (Ψ), gas exchange (photosynthesis Anet and stomatal conductance gs), canopy temperature (Tcan), and heat tolerance (leaf critical temperature Tcrit and thermal safety margins TSM, i.e., the difference between maximum Tcan and Tcrit) in three oak species in forests along a latitudinal gradient (Quercus petraea in Switzerland, Quercus ilex in France, and Quercus coccifera in Spain) throughout the growing season. Gas exchange and Ψ of all species were strongly reduced by increased air temperature (Tair) and soil drying, resulting in stomatal closure and inhibition of photosynthesis in Q. ilex and Q. coccifera when Tair surpassed 30°C and soil moisture dropped below 14%. Across all seasons, Tcan was mainly above Tair but increased strongly (up to 10°C > Tair) when Anet was null or negative. Although trees endured extreme Tair (up to 42°C), positive TSM were maintained during the growing season due to high Tcrit in all species (average Tcrit of 54.7°C) and possibly stomatal decoupling (i.e., Anet ≤0 while gs >0). Indeed, Q. ilex and Q. coccifera trees maintained low but positive gs (despite null Anet), decreasing Ψ passed embolism thresholds. This may have prevented Tcan from rising above Tcrit during extreme heat. Overall, our work highlighted that the mechanisms behind heat tolerance and leaf temperature regulation in oak trees include a combination of high evaporative cooling, large heat tolerance limits, and stomatal decoupling. These processes must be considered to accurately predict plant damages, survival, and mortality during extreme heatwaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gauthey
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Physiological Plant Ecology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Limousin
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- CEAM Foundation, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, Department Ecology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Margaux Didion-Gency
- Forest Dynamics Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Eugénie Mas
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Arianna Milano
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alex Tunas
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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2
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Réthoré E, Pelletier S, Balliau T, Zivy M, Avelange-Macherel MH, Macherel D. Multi-scale analysis of heat stress acclimation in Arabidopsis seedlings highlights the primordial contribution of energy-transducing organelles. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:300-331. [PMID: 38613336 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant adaptation to heat stress. However, the great diversity of models and stress conditions, and the fact that analyses are often limited to a small number of approaches, complicate the picture. We took advantage of a liquid culture system in which Arabidopsis seedlings are arrested in their development, thus avoiding interference with development and drought stress responses, to investigate through an integrative approach seedlings' global response to heat stress and acclimation. Seedlings perfectly tolerate a noxious heat shock (43°C) when subjected to a heat priming treatment at a lower temperature (38°C) the day before, displaying a thermotolerance comparable to that previously observed for Arabidopsis. A major effect of the pre-treatment was to partially protect energy metabolism under heat shock and favor its subsequent rapid recovery, which was correlated with the survival of seedlings. Rapid recovery of actin cytoskeleton and mitochondrial dynamics were another landmark of heat shock tolerance. The omics confirmed the role of the ubiquitous heat shock response actors but also revealed specific or overlapping responses to priming, heat shock, and their combination. Since only a few components or functions of chloroplast and mitochondria were highlighted in these analyses, the preservation and rapid recovery of their bioenergetic roles upon acute heat stress do not require extensive remodeling of the organelles. Protection of these organelles is rather integrated into the overall heat shock response, thus allowing them to provide the energy required to elaborate other cellular responses toward acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Réthoré
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, INRAE, IRHS-UMR 1345, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Sandra Pelletier
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, INRAE, IRHS-UMR 1345, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Thierry Balliau
- INRAE, PAPPSO, UMR/UMR Génétique Végétale, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Michel Zivy
- INRAE, PAPPSO, UMR/UMR Génétique Végétale, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | - David Macherel
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, INRAE, IRHS-UMR 1345, F-49000, Angers, France
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3
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Jeong M, Bae J, Yoo G. Urban roadside greenery as a carbon sink: Systematic assessment considering understory shrubs and soil respiration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172286. [PMID: 38588739 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Roadside greenery is an efficient strategy for maximizing ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration in urban settings. However, the quantification of carbon sequestration is not comprehensive because understory shrubs and soil respiration have not been thoroughly considered. We developed an integrated methodology that combined field measurements and greenhouse incubation to comprehensively assess carbon sequestration in roadside greenery systems. The system was defined as an 8 m long section comprising a single tree (Zelkova serrata), 79 shrubs (Euonymus japonicus), and soil. Annual carbon uptake by a tree was estimated using an allometric equation derived from an official government report. For shrubs, carbon uptake was measured in the field by monitoring CO2 concentration change in the chamber enclosing the leaves and stems. Annual carbon uptake by shrubs was estimated by using the regression equation among carbon uptake, air temperature, and photosynthetically active radiation. We also estimated shrub root respiration by combining net primary production (NPP) from the greenhouse incubation and measured pruning effect in the field. This enabled us to differentiate heterotrophic respiration from the total soil respiration. The overall methodology accurately assessed net ecosystem production (NEP) from the roadside greenery system, which is 0.528 kg C m-2 yr-1. If this figure is extended to all roads in the target city, it can offset daily carbon emitted from the total registered passenger vehicles in the target city. Considering that shrubs sequester an amount equivalent to 29.3 % of the carbon sequestered by tree species, the current greenhouse gas inventory should include shrubs as an important carbon sink. As we also revealed that roadside soil has high carbon vulnerability, proper soil management is needed to enhance NEP. Our systematic approach evaluating the carbon balance within the roadside greenery system can be applied to other cities, contributing to enhance global understanding of urban carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseop Jeong
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehwan Bae
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayoung Yoo
- Department of Environmental Science and Environmental Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446701, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Xu C, Huang X, Ma N, Liu Y, Xu A, Zhang X, Li D, Li Y, Zhang W, Wang K. MicroRNA164 Affects Plant Responses to UV Radiation in Perennial Ryegrass. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1242. [PMID: 38732457 PMCID: PMC11085334 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Increasing the ultraviolet radiation (UV) level, particularly UV-B due to damage to the stratospheric ozone layer by human activities, has huge negative effects on plant and animal metabolism. As a widely grown cool-season forage grass and turfgrass in the world, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is UV-B-sensitive. To study the effects of miR164, a highly conserved microRNA in plants, on perennial ryegrass under UV stress, both OsmiR164a overexpression (OE164) and target mimicry (MIM164) transgenic perennial ryegrass plants were generated using agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and UV-B treatment (~600 μw cm-2) of 7 days was imposed. Morphological and physiological analysis showed that the miR164 gene affected perennial ryegrass UV tolerance negatively, demonstrated by the more scorching leaves, higher leaf electrolyte leakage, and lower relative water content in OE164 than the WT and MIM164 plants after UV stress. The increased UV sensitivity could be partially due to the reduction in antioxidative capacity and the accumulation of anthocyanins. This study indicated the potential of targeting miR164 and/or its targeted genes for the genetic manipulation of UV responses in forage grasses/turfgrasses; further research to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying how miR164 affects plant UV responses is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanrong Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Aijiao Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xunzhong Zhang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Dayong Li
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Yue Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kehua Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.X.); (X.H.); (N.M.); (Y.L.); (A.X.); (Y.L.)
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5
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Ning QR, Li Q, Zhang HP, Jin Y, Gong XW, Jiao RF, Bakpa EP, Zhao H, Liu H. Weak correlations among leaf thermal metrics, economic traits and damages under natural heatwaves. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170022. [PMID: 38220006 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The frequency and intensity of heatwaves are increasing around the world, causing severe damages to plants, but whether leaf thermal metrics is in line with leaf economic spectrum is still controversial. Here, we measured leaf damage ratio, leaf thermal metrics (tolerance and sensitivity) and economic traits of 131 woody species across five cities along the Yangtze River after a two-month natural extreme temperature event. We found that leaf thermal sensitivity but not thermal tolerance was correlated with leaf damage ratio, and the relationships between leaf thermal metrics and economic traits were weak, indicating that leaf thermal adaptation may be independent from leaf carbon construction. This study suggests a potential indicator for predicting plant survival under heatwaves, urging future research to explore more physiological traits to comprehensively understand plant heat responses and adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Rui Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hao-Ping Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xue-Wei Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui-Fang Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Emily Patience Bakpa
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Zhang T, Yang J, Winrich A, Will RE, Zou CB. Trade-off of ecosystem productivity and water use related to afforestation in southcentral USA under climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170255. [PMID: 38246386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The increase of tree canopy cover due to woody plant encroachment and tree plantations modifies both carbon and water dynamics. The tradeoffs between ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP) and water use with increasing tree cover in different climate conditions, particularly under future climate scenarios, are not well understood. Within the climate transition zone of the southern Great Plains, USA, we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool+ (SWAT+) to investigate the combined impacts of increasing tree cover and climate change on carbon and water dynamics in three watersheds representing semiarid, subhumid, and humid climates. Model simulations incorporated two land use modifications (Baseline: existing tree cover; Forest +: increasing evergreen tree cover), in conjunction with two climate change projections (the RCP45 and the RCP85), spanning two time periods (historic: 1991-2020; future: 2070-2099). With climate change, the subhumid and humid watersheds exhibited a greater increase in evapotranspiration (ET) and a corresponding reduction in runoff compared to the semi-arid watershed, while the semi-arid and subhumid watersheds encountered pronounced losses in water availability for streams (>200 mm/year) due to increasing tree cover and climate change. With every 1 % increase in tree cover, both NPP and water use efficiency were projected to increase in all three watersheds under both climate change scenarios, with the subhumid watershed demonstrating the largest increases (>0.16 Mg/ha/year and 170 %, respectively). Increasing tree cover within grasslands, either through woody plant expansion or afforestation, boosts ecosystem NPP, particularly in subhumid regions. Nevertheless, this comes with a notable decrease in water resources, a concern made worse by future climate change. While afforestation offers the potential for greater NPP, it also brings heightened water scarcity concerns, highlighting the importance of tailoring carbon sequestration strategies within specific regions to mitigate unintended repercussions on water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Abigail Winrich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Rodney E Will
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Chris B Zou
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Cook AM, Rezende EL, Petrou K, Leigh A. Beyond a single temperature threshold: Applying a cumulative thermal stress framework to plant heat tolerance. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14416. [PMID: 38549256 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Most plant thermal tolerance studies focus on single critical thresholds, which limit the capacity to generalise across studies and predict heat stress under natural conditions. In animals and microbes, thermal tolerance landscapes describe the more realistic, cumulative effects of temperature. We tested this in plants by measuring the decline in leaf photosynthetic efficiency (FV/FM) following a combination of temperatures and exposure times and then modelled these physiological indices alongside recorded environmental temperatures. We demonstrate that a general relationship between stressful temperatures and exposure durations can be effectively employed to quantify and compare heat tolerance within and across plant species and over time. Importantly, we show how FV/FM curves translate to plants under natural conditions, suggesting that environmental temperatures often impair photosynthetic function. Our findings provide more robust descriptors of heat tolerance in plants and suggest that heat tolerance in disparate groups of organisms can be studied with a single predictive framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Cook
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Enrico L Rezende
- Departamento de Ecología, Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherina Petrou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andy Leigh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
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Moran ME, Aparecido LMT, Koepke DF, Cooper HF, Doughty CE, Gehring CA, Throop HL, Whitham TG, Allan GJ, Hultine KR. Limits of thermal and hydrological tolerance in a foundation tree species (Populus fremontii) in the desert southwestern United States. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2298-2311. [PMID: 37680030 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Populus fremontii is among the most dominant, and ecologically important riparian tree species in the western United States and can thrive in hyper-arid riparian corridors. Yet, P. fremontii forests have rapidly declined over the last decade, particularly in places where temperatures sometimes exceed 50°C. We evaluated high temperature tolerance of leaf metabolism, leaf thermoregulation, and leaf hydraulic function in eight P. fremontii populations spanning a 5.3°C mean annual temperature gradient in a well-watered common garden, and at source locations throughout the lower Colorado River Basin. Two major results emerged. First, despite having an exceptionally high Tcrit (the temperature at which Photosystem II is disrupted) relative to other tree taxa, recent heat waves exceeded Tcrit , requiring evaporative leaf cooling to maintain leaf-to-air thermal safety margins. Second, in midsummer, genotypes from the warmest locations maintained lower midday leaf temperatures, a higher midday stomatal conductance, and maintained turgor pressure at lower water potentials than genotypes from more temperate locations. Taken together, results suggest that under well-watered conditions, P. fremontii can regulate leaf temperature below Tcrit along the warm edge of its distribution. Nevertheless, reduced Colorado River flows threaten to lower water tables below levels needed for evaporative cooling during episodic heat waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline E Moran
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Luiza M T Aparecido
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Dan F Koepke
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
| | - Hillary F Cooper
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Christopher E Doughty
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Catherine A Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Heather L Throop
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Thomas G Whitham
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Gerard J Allan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Kevin R Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA
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9
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Hultine KR, Hernández-Hernández T, Williams DG, Albeke SE, Tran N, Puente R, Larios E. Global change impacts on cacti (Cactaceae): current threats, challenges and conservation solutions. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:671-683. [PMID: 36861500 PMCID: PMC10799997 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant family Cactaceae provides some of the most striking examples of adaptive evolution, expressing undeniably the most spectacular New World radiation of succulent plants distributed across arid and semi-arid regions of the Americas. Cacti are widely regarded for their cultural, economic and ecological value, yet they are also recognized as one of the most threatened and endangered taxonomic groups on the planet. SCOPE This paper reviews current threats to species of cacti that have distributions in arid to semi-arid subtropical regions. Our review focuses primarily on four global change forces: (1) increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations; (2) increases in mean annual temperatures and heat waves; (3) increases in the duration, frequency and intensity of droughts; and (4) and increases in competition and wildfire frequency from invasion by non-native species. We provide a broad range of potential priorities and solutions for stemming the extinction risk of cacti species and populations. CONCLUSIONS Mitigating ongoing and emerging threats to cacti will require not only strong policy initiatives and international cooperation, but also new and creative approaches to conservation. These approaches include determining species at risk from climate extremes, enhancing habitat quality after disturbance, approaches and opportunities for ex situ conservation and restoration, and the potential use of forensic tools for identifying plants that have been removed illegally from the wild and sold on open markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - Tania Hernández-Hernández
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - David G Williams
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Shannon E Albeke
- Wyoming Geographic Information Science Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Newton Tran
- Center of Tree Science, Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL 60532, USA
| | - Raul Puente
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - Eugenio Larios
- Programa Educativo de Licenciado en Ecología, Universidad Estatal de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora 83100, México
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Jampoh EA, Sáfrán E, Babinyec-Czifra D, Kristóf Z, Krárné Péntek B, Fábián A, Barnabás B, Jäger K. Morpho-Anatomical, Physiological and Biochemical Adjustments in Response to Heat and Drought Co-Stress in Winter Barley. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3907. [PMID: 38005804 PMCID: PMC10674999 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of high temperatures 10 °C above the optimum and water withholding during microgametogenesis on vegetative processes and determine the response of winter barley genotypes with contrasting tolerance. For this purpose, two barley varieties were analyzed to compare the effect of heat and drought co-stress on their phenology, morpho-anatomy, physiological and biochemical responses and yield constituents. Genotypic variation was observed in response to heat and drought co-stress, which was attributed to differences in anatomy, ultrastructure and physiological and metabolic processes. The co-stress-induced reduction in relative water content, total soluble protein and carbohydrate contents, photosynthetic pigment contents and photosynthetic efficiency of the sensitive Spinner variety was significantly greater than the tolerant Lambada genotype. Based on these observations, it has been concluded that the heat-and-drought stress-tolerance of the Lambada variety is related to the lower initial chlorophyll content of the leaves, the relative resistance of photosynthetic pigments towards stress-triggered degradation, retained photosynthetic parameters and better-preserved leaf ultrastructure. Understanding the key factors underlying heat and drought co-stress tolerance in barley may enable breeders to create barley varieties with improved yield stability under a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Asante Jampoh
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
- Doctoral School of Horticultural Sciences, MATE Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Eszter Sáfrán
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Dorina Babinyec-Czifra
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kristóf
- Department of Plant Anatomy, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Barbara Krárné Péntek
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Attila Fábián
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Beáta Barnabás
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Katalin Jäger
- Biological Resources Department, HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (E.A.J.); (E.S.); (D.B.-C.); (B.K.P.); (A.F.); (B.B.)
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11
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Pan YH, Chen L, Zhu XY, Li JC, Rashid MAR, Chen C, Qing DJ, Zhou WY, Yang XH, Gao LJ, Zhao Y, Deng GF. Utilization of natural alleles for heat adaptability QTLs at the flowering stage in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:256. [PMID: 37189032 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stress threatens rice yield and quality at flowering stage. In this study, average relative seed setting rate under heat stress (RHSR) and genotypes of 284 varieties were used for a genome-wide association study. RESULTS We identified eight and six QTLs distributed on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 12 in the full population and indica, respectively. qHTT4.2 was detected in both the full population and indica as an overlapping QTL. RHSR was positively correlated with the accumulation of heat-tolerant superior alleles (SA), and indica accession contained at least two heat-tolerant SA with average RHSR greater than 43%, meeting the needs of stable production and heat-tolerant QTLs were offer yield basic for chalkiness degree, amylose content, gel consistency and gelatinization temperature. Chalkiness degree, amylose content, and gelatinization temperature under heat stress increased with accumulation of heat-tolerant SA. Gel consistency under heat stress decreased with polymerization of heat-tolerant SA. The study revealed qHTT4.2 as a stable heat-tolerant QTL that can be used for breeding that was detected in the full population and indica. And the grain quality of qHTT4.2-haplotype1 (Hap1) with chalk5, wx, and alk was better than that of qHTT4.2-Hap1 with CHALK5, WX, and ALK. Twelve putative candidate genes were identified for qHTT4.2 that enhance RHSR based on gene expression data and these genes were validated in two groups. Candidate genes LOC_Os04g52830 and LOC_Os04g52870 were induced by high temperature. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify strong heat-tolerant cultivars and heat-tolerant QTLs with great potential value to improve rice tolerance to heat stress, and suggest a strategy for the breeding of yield-balance-quality heat-tolerant crop varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua Pan
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, 530007, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing-Cheng Li
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rehman Rashid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding/Life Science and Technology Center, China National Seed Group Co., LTD, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Dong-Jin Qing
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Wei-Yong Zhou
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Xing-Hai Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Li-Jun Gao
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Guo-Fu Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, 530007, China.
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12
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Hendrix S, Dard A, Meyer AJ, Reichheld JP. Redox-mediated responses to high temperature in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2489-2507. [PMID: 36794477 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are particularly affected by climate change and will face more frequent and extreme temperature variations in the future. Plants have developed a diverse range of mechanisms allowing them to perceive and respond to these environmental constraints, which requires sophisticated signalling mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in plants exposed to various stress conditions including high temperatures and are presumed to be involved in stress response reactions. The diversity of ROS-generating pathways and the ability of ROS to propagate from cell to cell and to diffuse through cellular compartments and even across membranes between subcellular compartments put them at the centre of signalling pathways. In addition, their capacity to modify the cellular redox status and to modulate functions of target proteins, notably through cysteine oxidation, show their involvement in major stress response transduction pathways. ROS scavenging and thiol reductase systems also participate in the transmission of oxidation-dependent stress signals. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the functions of ROS and oxidoreductase systems in integrating high temperature signals, towards the activation of stress responses and developmental acclimation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hendrix
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Avilien Dard
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean-Philippe Reichheld
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, F-66860 Perpignan, France
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13
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Liu H, Zeng B, Zhao J, Yan S, Wan J, Cao Z. Genetic Research Progress: Heat Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087140. [PMID: 37108303 PMCID: PMC10138502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) caused by high-temperature weather seriously threatens international food security. Indeed, as an important food crop in the world, the yield and quality of rice are frequently affected by HS. Therefore, clarifying the molecular mechanism of heat tolerance and cultivating heat-tolerant rice varieties is urgent. Here, we summarized the identified quantitative trait loci (Quantitative Trait Loci, QTL) and cloned rice heat tolerance genes in recent years. We described the plasma membrane (PM) response mechanisms, protein homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and photosynthesis under HS in rice. We also explained some regulatory mechanisms related to heat tolerance genes. Taken together, we put forward ways to improve heat tolerance in rice, thereby providing new ideas and insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Liu
- Rice National Engineering Research Center (Nanchang), Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
- Jiangxi Research and Development Center of Super Rice, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Bohong Zeng
- Jiangxi Research and Development Center of Super Rice, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Jialiang Zhao
- Jiangxi Research and Development Center of Super Rice, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Song Yan
- Jiangxi Research and Development Center of Super Rice, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Jianlin Wan
- Jiangxi Research and Development Center of Super Rice, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Zhibin Cao
- Rice National Engineering Research Center (Nanchang), Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
- Jiangxi Research and Development Center of Super Rice, Nanchang 330200, China
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14
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Sulaiman HY, Liu B, Abiola YO, Kaurilind E, Niinemets Ü. Impact of heat priming on heat shock responses in Origanum vulgare: Enhanced foliage photosynthetic tolerance and biphasic emissions of volatiles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:567-579. [PMID: 36774912 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change enhances the frequency of heatwaves that negatively affect photosynthesis and can alter constitutive volatile emissions and elicit emissions of stress volatiles, but how pre-exposure to mildly warmer temperatures affects plant physiological responses to subsequent severe heat episodes remains unclear, especially for aromatic plants with high and complex volatile defenses. We studied the impact of heat shock (45 °C/5 min) applied alone and after exposure to moderate heat stress (35 °C/1 h, priming) on foliage photosynthesis and volatile emissions in the aromatic plant Origanum vulgare through 72 h recovery period. Heat stress decreased photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance, whereas the reductions in photosynthesis were primarily due to non-stomatal factors. In non-primed plants, heat shock-induced reductions in photosynthetic activity were the greatest, but photosynthetic activity completely recovered by the end of the experiment. In primed plants, a certain inhibition of photosynthetic activity remained, suggesting a sustained priming effect. Heat shock enhanced the emissions of volatiles including lipoxygenase pathway volatiles, long-chained fatty acid-derived compounds, mono- and sesquiterpenes, geranylgeranyl diphosphate pathway volatiles, and benzenoids, whereas different heat treatments resulted in unique emission blends. In non-primed plants, stress-elicited emissions recovered at 72 h. In primed plants, volatile emissions were multiphasic, the first phase, between 0.5 and 10 h, reflected the primary stress response, whereas the secondary rise, between 24 and 72 h, indicated activations of different defense metabolic pathways. Our results demonstrate that exposure to mild heat leads to a sustained physiological stress memory that enhances plant resistance to subsequent severe heat stress episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Yusuf Sulaiman
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Bin Liu
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Yusuph Olawale Abiola
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130, Tallinn, Estonia
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15
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Still CJ, Sibley A, DePinte D, Busby PE, Harrington CA, Schulze M, Shaw DR, Woodruff D, Rupp DE, Daly C, Hammond WM, Page GFM. Causes of widespread foliar damage from the June 2021 Pacific Northwest Heat Dome: more heat than drought. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:203-209. [PMID: 36611006 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C J Still
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - A Sibley
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - D DePinte
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State & Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection, Redmond, OR 97756, USA
| | - P E Busby
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - C A Harrington
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA 98512, USA
| | - M Schulze
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - D R Shaw
- Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - D Woodruff
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - D E Rupp
- Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - C Daly
- PRISM Climate Group, Northwest Alliance for Computational Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - W M Hammond
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - G F M Page
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, Western Australia 6983, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 5, Wembley, Western Australia 6913, Australia
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16
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Andrew SC, Arnold PA, Simonsen AK, Briceño VF. Consistently high heat tolerance acclimation in response to a simulated heatwave across species from the broadly distributed Acacia genus. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:71-83. [PMID: 36210348 DOI: 10.1071/fp22173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
When leaves exceed their thermal threshold during heatwaves, irreversible damage to the leaf can accumulate. However, few studies have explored short-term acclimation of leaves to heatwaves that could help plants to prevent heat damage with increasing heatwave intensity. Here, we studied the heat tolerance of PSII (PHT) in response to a heatwave in Acacia species from across a strong environmental gradient in Australia. We compared PHT metrics derived from temperature-dependent chlorophyll fluorescence response curves (T-F 0 ) before and during a 4-day 38°C heatwave in a controlled glasshouse experiment. We found that the 15 Acacia species displayed surprisingly large and consistent PHT acclimation responses with a mean tolerance increase of 12°C (range, 7.7-19.1°C). Despite species originating from diverse climatic regions, neither maximum temperature of the warmest month nor mean annual precipitation at origin were clear predictors of PHT. To our knowledge, these are some of the largest measured acclimation responses of PHT from a controlled heatwave experiment. This remarkable capacity could partially explain why this genus has become more diverse and common as the Australian continent became more arid and suggests that the presence of Acacia in Australian ecosystems will remain ubiquitous with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pieter A Arnold
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Anna K Simonsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; and Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Verónica F Briceño
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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17
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Poggi GM, Corneti S, Aloisi I, Ventura F. Environment-oriented selection criteria to overcome controversies in breeding for drought resistance in wheat. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153895. [PMID: 36529076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops, representing a fundamental source of calories and protein for the global human population. Drought stress (DS) is a widespread phenomenon, already affecting large wheat-growing areas worldwide, and a major threat for cereal productivity, resulting in consistent losses in average grain yield (GY). Climate change is projected to exacerbate DS incidence and severity by increasing temperatures and changing rainfall patterns. Estimating that wheat production has to substantially increase to guarantee food security to a demographically expanding human population, the need for breeding programs focused on improving wheat drought resistance is manifest. Drought occurrence, in terms of time of appearance, duration, frequency, and severity, along the plant's life cycle varies significantly among different environments and different agricultural years, making it difficult to identify reliable phenological, morphological, and functional traits to be used as effective breeding tools. The situation is further complicated by the presence of confounding factors, e.g., other concomitant abiotic stresses, in an open-field context. Consequently, the relationship between morpho-functional traits and GY under water deficit is often contradictory; moreover, controversies have emerged not only on which traits are to be preferred, but also on how one specific trait should be desired. In this review, we attempt to identify the possible causes of these disputes and propose the most suitable selection criteria in different target environments and, thus, the best trait combinations for breeders in different drought contexts. In fact, an environment-oriented approach could be a valuable solution to overcome controversies in identifying the proper selection criteria for improving wheat drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Maria Poggi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Corneti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Iris Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ventura
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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18
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Shrestha S, Mahat J, Shrestha J, K.C. M, Paudel K. Influence of high-temperature stress on rice growth and development. A review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12651. [PMID: 36643304 PMCID: PMC9834771 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-temperature stress (HS) has become an alarming threat to the global food system. Rice, an important crop that supports almost half of the global population, is vulnerable to heat stress. Under the influence of HS, it shows various physiological and morphological symptoms that increase spikelet sterility, reduce grain yield, and even cause total crop failure. HS affects growth and yield in two ways: hindrance in the process of pollination and fertilization and reduction of the grain weight. The former is caused by (i) distortion of floral organs, (ii) tapetum degeneration, (iii) low pollen protein concentration, (iv) decline in pollen viability, (v) reduction in dehiscence of anther, (vi) low pollen dispersal, (vii) decrease in number of pollens on stigma, (viii) reduction in pollen grain germination, (ix) hindrance in extension of pollen tubes, and (x) shrinkage of stigma which ultimately cause spikelet infertility. The latter is caused by (i)reduced photosynthetic rate, (ii) a boost in senescence of functional leaves, (iii) reduction of biological synthesis of starch, (iv)reduced starch augmentation, (v) shrunk duration of grain filling, and (vi) declined grain weight which ultimately reduce the grain yield. However, some agronomic and breeding approaches have been adopted for developing thermo-resistant cultivars but the success is limited. In this paper, we have summarized the the morpho-physiological and molecular response of plant to HS, and a few possible management strategies.
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19
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Vergara-Barros P, Alcorta J, Casanova-Katny A, Nürnberg DJ, Díez B. Compensatory Transcriptional Response of Fischerella thermalis to Thermal Damage of the Photosynthetic Electron Transfer Chain. Molecules 2022; 27:8515. [PMID: 36500606 PMCID: PMC9740203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Key organisms in the environment, such as oxygenic photosynthetic primary producers (photosynthetic eukaryotes and cyanobacteria), are responsible for fixing most of the carbon globally. However, they are affected by environmental conditions, such as temperature, which in turn affect their distribution. Globally, the cyanobacterium Fischerella thermalis is one of the main primary producers in terrestrial hot springs with thermal gradients up to 60 °C, but the mechanisms by which F. thermalis maintains its photosynthetic activity at these high temperatures are not known. In this study, we used molecular approaches and bioinformatics, in addition to photophysiological analyses, to determine the genetic activity associated with the energy metabolism of F. thermalis both in situ and in high-temperature (40 °C to 65 °C) cultures. Our results show that photosynthesis of F. thermalis decays with temperature, while increased transcriptional activity of genes encoding photosystem II reaction center proteins, such as PsbA (D1), could help overcome thermal damage at up to 60 °C. We observed that F. thermalis tends to lose copies of the standard G4 D1 isoform while maintaining the recently described D1INT isoform, suggesting a preference for photoresistant isoforms in response to the thermal gradient. The transcriptional activity and metabolic characteristics of F. thermalis, as measured by metatranscriptomics, further suggest that carbon metabolism occurs in parallel with photosynthesis, thereby assisting in energy acquisition under high temperatures at which other photosynthetic organisms cannot survive. This study reveals that, to cope with the harsh conditions of hot springs, F. thermalis has several compensatory adaptations, and provides emerging evidence for mixotrophic metabolism as being potentially relevant to the thermotolerance of this species. Ultimately, this work increases our knowledge about thermal adaptation strategies of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vergara-Barros
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Jaime Alcorta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Angélica Casanova-Katny
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Campus Luis Rivas del Canto, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Dennis J. Nürnberg
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Díez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Santiago 8370186, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago 8370449, Chile
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Wang W, Yuan S, Kwon JH. Insight into the uptake and translocation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in hydroponically grown lettuce. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85454-85464. [PMID: 35799002 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in agricultural soils has raised concerns regarding the health risks associated with the consumption of PFAS-contaminated agricultural products. The present study investigated the uptake and translocation of nine PFASs in lettuce using a hydroponic setting. During the uptake experiments, long-chain PFASs (≥ C8) exhibited greater accumulations in lettuce roots, while short-chain PFASs (≤ C7) manifested preferential transport to the shoots. The average root concentration factors of PFASs were positively correlated with their log Kow values. A significantly negative relationship was found between the average translocation factors of PFASs and their molecular volume. Sorption of long-chain PFASs by lettuce roots was enhanced after heating the roots to increase the cell membrane permeability. The accumulation of perfluorododecanoic acid increased significantly in shoots of lettuce plants without roots as compared to whole lettuce plants. Results of the present study indicate that sorption to root surface tissues and efficiency in passing through the root Casparian strip are two important factors that affect the uptake and distribution of PFASs within plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Wang
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, 080301, China
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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21
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Carter KR, Dickman LT. Recovery of seedling carbon balance despite hydraulic impairment following hot drought. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1527-1531. [PMID: 35445728 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Carter
- Earth and Environmental Science Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - L Turin Dickman
- Earth and Environmental Science Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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22
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Walters J, Zavalnitskaya J, Isaacs R, Szendrei Z. Heat of the moment: extreme heat poses a risk to bee-plant interactions and crop yields. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 52:100927. [PMID: 35500861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extreme heat events threaten the development, functioning, and success of bee pollinators and crops that rely on pollinators for high yields. While direct effects of extreme heat and climate warming have gained more attention, the indirect effects on bees and crops remain largely unexplored. Extreme heat can directly alter the nutritional value of floral rewards, which indirectly contributes to lower bee survival, development, and reproduction with implications for pollination. Phenological mismatches between bee activity and crop flowering are also expected. Heat-stressed crop plants with reduced floral rewards may reduce bee foraging and nesting, limiting pollination services. Understanding how extreme heat affects bee-crop interactions will be essential for resilient production of pollinator-dependent crops in this era of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Walters
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Zsofia Szendrei
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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23
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Morales-Sánchez JÁM, Mark K, Souza JPS, Niinemets Ü. Desiccation-rehydration measurements in bryophytes: current status and future insights. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4338-4361. [PMID: 35536655 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation-rehydration experiments have been employed over the years to evaluate desiccation tolerance of bryophytes (Bryophyta, Marchantiophyta, and Anthocerotophyta). Researchers have applied a spectrum of protocols to induce desiccation and subsequent rehydration, and a wide variety of techniques have been used to study desiccation-dependent changes in bryophyte molecular, cellular, physiological, and structural traits, resulting in a multifaceted assortment of information that is challenging to synthesize. We analysed 337 desiccation-rehydration studies, providing information for 351 species, to identify the most frequent methods used, analyse the advances in desiccation studies over the years, and characterize the taxonomic representation of the species assessed. We observed certain similarities across methodologies, but the degree of convergence among the experimental protocols was surprisingly low. Out of 52 bryophyte orders, 40% have not been studied, and data are lacking for multiple remote or difficult to access locations. We conclude that for quantitative interspecific comparisons of desiccation tolerance, rigorous standardization of experimental protocols and measurement techniques, and simultaneous use of an array of experimental techniques are required for a mechanistic insight into the different traits modified in response to desiccation. New studies should also aim to fill gaps in taxonomic, ecological, and spatial coverage of bryophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ángel M Morales-Sánchez
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Kristiina Mark
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - João Paulo S Souza
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu 51006, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn 10130, Estonia
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24
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Dubey A, Kumar K, Srinivasan T, Kondreddy A, Kumar KRR. An invasive weed-associated bacteria confers enhanced heat stress tolerance in wheat. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09893. [PMID: 35865978 PMCID: PMC9293653 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Global temperatures are expected to increase due to climate change, and heat stress is one of the major limiting factors affecting future agriculture. To identify plant-associated microorganisms which can promote heat stress tolerance in wheat, we have screened several bacteria isolated from etiolated seedlings of the invasive noxious weed Parthenium hysterophorus. One isolate designated as Ph-04 was found to confer enhanced heat stress tolerance in wheat. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that Ph-04 isolate shared highest sequence identity with Bacillus paramycoides species of the Bacillus cereus group. Ph-04 treated wheat seeds exhibited enhanced germination, longer coleoptile, radicle and seminal root length than control seedlings when grown in the dark at optimum and high temperatures. Similarly, under autotrophic conditions, Ph-04 treated plants also exhibited enhanced heat stress tolerance with a significant increase in membrane integrity and significantly reduced levels of H2O2 under heat stress compared to control plants. This observed heat stress tolerance is associated with constitutively higher basal levels of proline, and activity of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in Ph-04 treated plants grown under unstressed conditions with further increase under heat stress conditions compared to controls. Plant recovery after heat stress also showed that the Ph-04 treated plants exhibited significantly less damage in terms of survival percentage and exhibited better morphological and physiological characteristics compared to control plants. The study proves that invasive weeds can harbour potentially beneficial microorganisms, which can be transferred to non-native crop (host) plants to improve climate resilience characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak 484887, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak 484887, India
| | - Tantravahi Srinivasan
- Department of Botany, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak 484887, India
| | - Anil Kondreddy
- ASPIRE-BioNEST, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Koppolu Raja Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU), Amarkantak 484887, India
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25
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Posch BC, Hammer J, Atkin OK, Bramley H, Ruan YL, Trethowan R, Coast O. Wheat photosystem II heat tolerance responds dynamically to short- and long-term warming. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:erac039. [PMID: 35604885 PMCID: PMC9127437 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Wheat photosynthetic heat tolerance can be characterized using minimal chlorophyll fluorescence to quantify the critical temperature (Tcrit) above which incipient damage to the photosynthetic machinery occurs. We investigated intraspecies variation and plasticity of wheat Tcrit under elevated temperature in field and controlled-environment experiments, and assessed whether intraspecies variation mirrored interspecific patterns of global heat tolerance. In the field, wheat Tcrit varied diurnally-declining from noon through to sunrise-and increased with phenological development. Under controlled conditions, heat stress (36 °C) drove a rapid (within 2 h) rise in Tcrit that peaked after 3-4 d. The peak in Tcrit indicated an upper limit to PSII heat tolerance. A global dataset [comprising 183 Triticum and wild wheat (Aegilops) species] generated from the current study and a systematic literature review showed that wheat leaf Tcrit varied by up to 20 °C (roughly two-thirds of reported global plant interspecies variation). However, unlike global patterns of interspecies Tcrit variation that have been linked to latitude of genotype origin, intraspecific variation in wheat Tcrit was unrelated to that. Overall, the observed genotypic variation and plasticity of wheat Tcrit suggest that this trait could be useful in high-throughput phenotyping of wheat photosynthetic heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley C Posch
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Julia Hammer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, N6A 3K7, London, Canada
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Helen Bramley
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture & School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement and School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Richard Trethowan
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture & School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Onoriode Coast
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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26
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Filaček A, Živčák M, Ferroni L, Barboričová M, Gašparovič K, Yang X, Landi M, Brestič M. Pre-Acclimation to Elevated Temperature Stabilizes the Activity of Photosystem I in Wheat Plants Exposed to an Episode of Severe Heat Stress. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050616. [PMID: 35270085 PMCID: PMC8912596 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The importance of high temperature as an environmental factor is growing in proportion to deepening global climate change. The study aims to evaluate the effects of long-term acclimation of plants to elevated temperature on the tolerance of their photosynthetic apparatus to heat stress. Three wheat (Triticum sp. L.) genotypes differing in leaf and photosynthetic traits were analyzed: Thesee, Roter Samtiger Kolbenweizen, and ANK 32A. The pot experiment was established in natural conditions outdoors (non-acclimated variant), from which a part of the plants was placed in foil tunnel with elevated temperature for 14 days (high temperature-acclimated variant). A severe heat stress screening experiment was induced by an exposition of the plans in a growth chamber with artificial light and air temperature up to 45 °C for ~12 h before the measurements. The measurements of leaf photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and rapid kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence was performed. The results confirmed that a high temperature drastically reduced the photosynthetic assimilation rate caused by the non-stomatal (biochemical) limitation of photosynthetic processes. On the other hand, the chlorophyll fluorescence indicated only a moderate level of decrease of quantum efficiency of photosystem (PS) II (Fv/Fm parameter), indicating mostly reversible heat stress effects. The heat stress led to a decrease in the number of active PS II reaction centers (RC/ABS) and overall activity o PSII (PIabs) in all genotypes, whereas the PS I (parameter ψREo) was negatively influenced by heat stress in the non-acclimated variant only. Our results showed that the genotypes differ in acclimation capacity to heat stress, and rapid noninvasive techniques may help screen the stress effects and identify more tolerant crop genotypes. The acclimation was demonstrated more at the PS I level, which may be associated with the upregulation of alternative photosynthetic electron transport pathways with clearly protective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Filaček
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.F.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Marek Živčák
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.F.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.Ž.); (L.F.); Tel.: +421-37-6414-821 (M.Ž.); +39-0532-293785 (L.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Laboratory of Plant Cytophysiology, Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.Ž.); (L.F.); Tel.: +421-37-6414-821 (M.Ž.); +39-0532-293785 (L.F.)
| | - Mária Barboričová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.F.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Kristína Gašparovič
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.F.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Xinghong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Marián Brestič
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.F.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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27
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Varsamis G, Adamidis GC, Merou T, Takos I, Tseniklidou K, Dimitrakopoulos PG, Papageorgiou AC. Changes in Watering Frequency Stimulate Differentiated Adaptive Responses among Seedlings of Different Beech Populations. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020306. [PMID: 35205172 PMCID: PMC8868575 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Future precipitation changes are expected to affect plant populations’ adaptive responses. In southern Europe, annual precipitation is expected to decline and become unpredictable with occasional extreme rainfall events. Although there are many studies investigating water deficit effects in beech populations, they mainly refer to water withholding and rewatering or limited watering for prolonged periods. There is a lack of information considering the effect of simulated changes in monthly precipitation distribution on plants. In our study, we aimed to elucidate whether simulated distribution differences in monthly precipitation, expected to prevail in 2050, affects the response of various adaptive traits in beech seedlings originating from sites with contrasting climatic conditions. We found significant population differences according to watering interactions in most of the stem anatomical traits, but only for leaf circularity regarding the morphological traits. Our results indicate that beech populations in the southernmost region of their European distribution may demonstrate high variability in adaptive responses towards climate change conditions. Abstract Seasonality, rather than annual precipitation levels, is expected to affect the adaptive responses of plant populations under future climate change. To estimate adaptive traits’ variation, we conducted a common garden experiment with two beech populations from contrasting climatic origins (Evros with longer drought intervals during summer and higher precipitation seasonality, and Drama representing a more temperate ecosystem). We simulated two different watering treatments (frequent vs. non-frequent) on beech seedlings, according to predicted monthly precipitation levels expected to prevail in 2050 by the CSIRO MK3.6 SRESA1B model, considering as reference area a natural beech stand in Mt. Rodopi, Greece. A series of morphological and stem anatomical traits were measured. Seedling survival was greater for the Evros population compared to that of Drama under non-frequent watering, while no difference in survival was detected under frequent watering. Leaf morphological traits were not generally affected by watering frequency except for leaf circularity, which was found to be lower under non-frequent watering for both populations. Stomata density in leaves was found to be higher in the Evros population and lower in the Drama population under non-frequent watering than frequent. Stem anatomical traits were higher under non-frequent watering for Evros but lower for the Drama population. Multivariate analyses clearly discriminated populations under non-frequent rather than frequent watering, indicating genetic adaptation to the population’s environment of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Varsamis
- Department of Forest and Natural Environment Sciences, International Hellenic University, 66100 Drama, Greece; (T.M.); (I.T.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (A.C.P.); Tel.: +30-25210-60473 (G.V.); +30-25510-30494 (A.C.P.)
| | - George C. Adamidis
- Section of Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Theodora Merou
- Department of Forest and Natural Environment Sciences, International Hellenic University, 66100 Drama, Greece; (T.M.); (I.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Ioannis Takos
- Department of Forest and Natural Environment Sciences, International Hellenic University, 66100 Drama, Greece; (T.M.); (I.T.); (K.T.)
| | - Katerina Tseniklidou
- Department of Forest and Natural Environment Sciences, International Hellenic University, 66100 Drama, Greece; (T.M.); (I.T.); (K.T.)
| | | | - Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (A.C.P.); Tel.: +30-25210-60473 (G.V.); +30-25510-30494 (A.C.P.)
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28
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Marchin RM, Backes D, Ossola A, Leishman MR, Tjoelker MG, Ellsworth DS. Extreme heat increases stomatal conductance and drought-induced mortality risk in vulnerable plant species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1133-1146. [PMID: 34741566 PMCID: PMC9299030 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tree mortality during global-change-type drought is usually attributed to xylem dysfunction, but as climate change increases the frequency of extreme heat events, it is necessary to better understand the interactive role of heat stress. We hypothesized that some drought-stressed plants paradoxically open stomata in heatwaves to prevent leaves from critically overheating. We experimentally imposed heat (>40°C) and drought stress onto 20 broadleaf evergreen tree/shrub species in a glasshouse study. Most well-watered plants avoided lethal overheating, but drought exacerbated thermal damage during heatwaves. Thermal safety margins (TSM) quantifying the difference between leaf surface temperature and leaf critical temperature, where photosynthesis is disrupted, identified species vulnerability to heatwaves. Several mechanisms contributed to high heat tolerance and avoidance of damaging leaf temperatures-small leaf size, low leaf osmotic potential, high leaf mass per area (i.e., thick, dense leaves), high transpirational capacity, and access to water. Water-stressed plants had smaller TSM, greater crown dieback, and a fundamentally different stomatal heatwave response relative to well-watered plants. On average, well-watered plants closed stomata and decreased stomatal conductance (gs ) during the heatwave, but droughted plants did not. Plant species with low gs , either due to isohydric stomatal behavior under water deficit or inherently low transpirational capacity, opened stomata and increased gs under high temperatures. The current paradigm maintains that stomata close before hydraulic thresholds are surpassed, but our results suggest that isohydric species may dramatically increase gs (over sixfold increases) even past their leaf turgor loss point. By actively increasing water loss at high temperatures, plants can be driven toward mortality thresholds more rapidly than has been previously recognized. The inclusion of TSM and responses to heat stress could improve our ability to predict the vulnerability of different tree species to future droughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée M. Marchin
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Diana Backes
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Alessandro Ossola
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Michelle R. Leishman
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mark G. Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David S. Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
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29
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Tarvainen L, Wittemann M, Mujawamariya M, Manishimwe A, Zibera E, Ntirugulirwa B, Ract C, Manzi OJL, Andersson MX, Spetea C, Nsabimana D, Wallin G, Uddling J. Handling the heat - photosynthetic thermal stress in tropical trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:236-250. [PMID: 34655491 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Warming climate increases the risk for harmful leaf temperatures in terrestrial plants, causing heat stress and loss of productivity. The heat sensitivity may be particularly high in equatorial tropical tree species adapted to a thermally stable climate. Thermal thresholds of the photosynthetic system of sun-exposed leaves were investigated in three tropical montane tree species native to Rwanda with different growth and water use strategies (Harungana montana, Syzygium guineense and Entandrophragma exselsum). Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf gas exchange, morphology, chemistry and temperature were made at three common gardens along an elevation/temperature gradient. Heat tolerance acclimated to maximum leaf temperature (Tleaf ) across the species. At the warmest sites, the thermal threshold for normal function of photosystem II was exceeded in the species with the highest Tleaf despite their higher heat tolerance. This was not the case in the species with the highest transpiration rates and lowest Tleaf . The results point to two differently effective strategies for managing thermal stress: tolerance through physiological adjustment of leaf osmolality and thylakoid membrane lipid composition, or avoidance through morphological adaptation and transpiratory cooling. More severe photosynthetic heat stress in low-transpiring montane climax species may result in a competitive disadvantage compared to high-transpiring pioneer species with more efficient leaf cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Maria Wittemann
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Myriam Mujawamariya
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Aloysie Manishimwe
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Etienne Zibera
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Development Board, PO Box 5016, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Claire Ract
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Olivier J L Manzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, University Avenue, PO Box 117, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Mats X Andersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Donat Nsabimana
- School of Forestry and Biodiversity and Biological Sciences, University of Rwanda, Busogo, Rwanda
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
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30
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Guha A, Vharachumu T, Khalid MF, Keeley M, Avenson TJ, Vincent C. Short-term warming does not affect intrinsic thermotolerance but induces strong sustaining photoprotection in tropical evergreen citrus genotypes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:105-120. [PMID: 34723384 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Consequences of warming and postwarming events on photosynthetic thermotolerance (PT ) and photoprotective responses in tropical evergreen species remain elusive. We chose Citrus to answer some of the emerging questions related to tropical evergreen species' PT behaviour including (i) how wide is the genotypic variation in PT ? (ii) how does PT respond to short-term warming and (iii) how do photosynthesis and photoprotective functions respond over short-term warming and postwarming events? A study on 21 genotypes revealed significant genotypic differences in PT , though these were not large. We selected five genotypes with divergent PT and simulated warming events: Tmax 26/20°C (day-time highest maximum/night-time lowest maximum) (Week 1) < Tmax 33/30°C (Week 2) < Tmax 36/32°C (Week 3) followed by Tmax 26/16°C (Week 4, recovery). The PT of all genotypes remained unaltered despite strong leaf megathermy (leaf temperature > air temperature) during warming events. Though moderate warming showed genotype-specific stimulation in photosynthesis, higher warming unequivocally led to severe loss in net photosynthesis and induced higher nonphotochemical quenching. Even after a week of postwarming, photoprotective mechanisms strongly persisted. Our study points towards a conservative PT in evergreen citrus genotypes and their need for sustaining higher photoprotection during warming as well as postwarming recovery conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Guha
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
| | - Talent Vharachumu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
- Earth University, San José, Mercedes, Costa Rica
| | - Muhammad F Khalid
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mark Keeley
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
- Agronomy and Regulatory (GLP) Services, Florida Ag Research, Thonotosassa, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas J Avenson
- Environmental Division, LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Christopher Vincent
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
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Barradas VL, Esperon-Rodriguez M. Ecophysiological Vulnerability to Climate Change in Mexico City’s Urban Forest. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.732250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban forests play an important role in regulating urban climate while providing multiple environmental services. These forests, however, are threatened by changes in climate, as plants are exposed not only to global climate change but also to urban climate, having an impact on physiological functions. Here, we selected two physiological variables (stomatal conductance and leaf water potential) and four environmental variables (air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, vapor pressure deficit, and water availability) to compare and evaluate the ecophysiological vulnerability to climate change of 15 dominant tree species from Mexico City’s urban forest. The stomatal conductance response was evaluated using the boundary-line analysis, which allowed us to compare the stomatal response to changes in the environment among species. Our results showed differential species responses to the environmental variables and identified Buddleja cordata and Populus deltoides as the least and most vulnerable species, respectively. Air temperatures above 33°C and vapor pressure deficit above 3.5 kPa limited the stomatal function of all species. Stomatal conductance was more sensitive to changes in leaf water potential, followed by vapor pressure deficit, indicating that water is a key factor for tree species performance in Mexico City’s urban forest. Our findings can help to optimize species selection considering future climate change by identifying vulnerable and resilient species.
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Griffin KL, Schmiege SC, Bruner SG, Boelman NT, Vierling LA, Eitel JUH. High Leaf Respiration Rates May Limit the Success of White Spruce Saplings Growing in the Kampfzone at the Arctic Treeline. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:746464. [PMID: 34790212 PMCID: PMC8591130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.746464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arctic Treeline is the transition from the boreal forest to the treeless tundra and may be determined by growing season temperatures. The physiological mechanisms involved in determining the relationship between the physical and biological environment and the location of treeline are not fully understood. In Northern Alaska, we studied the relationship between temperature and leaf respiration in 36 white spruce (Picea glauca) trees, sampling both the upper and lower canopy, to test two research hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that upper canopy leaves, which are more directly coupled to the atmosphere, will experience more challenging environmental conditions and thus have higher respiration rates to facilitate metabolic function. The second hypothesis is that saplings [stems that are 5-10cm DBH (diameter at breast height)] will have higher respiration rates than trees (stems ≥10cm DBH) since saplings represent the transition from seedlings growing in the more favorable aerodynamic boundary layer, to trees which are fully coupled to the atmosphere but of sufficient size to persist. Respiration did not change with canopy position, however respiration at 25°C was 42% higher in saplings compared to trees (3.43±0.19 vs. 2.41±0.14μmolm-2 s-1). Furthermore, there were significant differences in the temperature response of respiration, and seedlings reached their maximum respiration rates at 59°C, more than two degrees higher than trees. Our results demonstrate that the respiratory characteristics of white spruce saplings at treeline impose a significant carbon cost that may contribute to their lack of perseverance beyond treeline. In the absence of thermal acclimation, the rate of leaf respiration could increase by 57% by the end of the century, posing further challenges to the ecology of this massive ecotone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L. Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States
| | - Stephanie C. Schmiege
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Sarah G. Bruner
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Natalie T. Boelman
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States
| | - Lee A. Vierling
- Department of Natural Resources and Society, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Jan U. H. Eitel
- Department of Natural Resources and Society, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
- McCall Outdoor Science School, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, McCall, ID, United States
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Liu B, Zhang L, Rusalepp L, Kaurilind E, Sulaiman HY, Püssa T, Niinemets Ü. Heat priming improved heat tolerance of photosynthesis, enhanced terpenoid and benzenoid emission and phenolics accumulation in Achillea millefolium. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2365-2385. [PMID: 32583881 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of heat priming, triggering alteration of secondary metabolite pathway fluxes and pools to enhance heat tolerance is not well understood. Achillea millefolium is an important medicinal herbal plant, rich in terpenoids and phenolics. In this study, the potential of heat priming treatment (35°C for 1 hr) to enhance tolerance of Achillea plants upon subsequent heat shock (45°C for 5 min) stress was investigated through recovery (0.5-72 hr). The priming treatment itself had minor impacts on photosynthesis, led to moderate increases in the emission of lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway volatiles and isoprene, and to major elicitation of monoterpene and benzaldehyde emissions in late stages of recovery. Upon subsequent heat shock, in primed plants, the rise in LOX and reduction in photosynthetic rate (A) was much less, stomatal conductance (gs ) was initially enhanced, terpene emissions were greater and recovery of A occurred faster, indicating enhanced heat tolerance. Additionally, primed plants accumulated higher contents of total phenolics and condensed tannins at the end of the recovery. These results collectively indicate that heat priming improved photosynthesis upon subsequent heat shock by enhancing gs and synthesis of volatile and non-volatile secondary compounds with antioxidative characteristics, thereby maintaining the integrity of leaf membranes under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Linda Rusalepp
- Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hassan Yusuf Sulaiman
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Püssa
- Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
- School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
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Scafaro AP, Fan Y, Posch BC, Garcia A, Coast O, Atkin OK. Responses of leaf respiration to heatwaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2090-2101. [PMID: 33534189 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration (R) is central to plant physiology and responds dynamically to daily short-term temperature changes. In the longer-term, changes in energy demand and membrane fluidity can decrease leaf R at a common temperature and increase the temperature at which leaf R peaks (Tmax ). However, leaf R functionality is more susceptible to short-term heatwaves. Catalysis increases with rising leaf temperature, driving faster metabolism and leaf R demand, despite declines in photosynthesis restricting assimilate supply and growth. Proteins denature as temperatures increase further, adding to maintenance costs. Excessive heat also inactivates respiratory enzymes, with a concomitant limitation on the capacity of the R system. These competing push-and-pull factors are responsible for the diminishing acceleration in leaf R rate as temperature rises. Under extreme heat, membranes become overly fluid, and enzymes such as the cytochrome c oxidase are impaired. Such changes can lead to over-reduction of the energy system culminating in reactive oxygen species production. This ultimately leads to the total breakdown of leaf R, setting the limit of leaf survival. Understanding the heat stress responses of leaf R is imperative, given the continued rise in frequency and intensity of heatwaves and the importance of R for plant fitness and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Scafaro
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yuzhen Fan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Bradley C Posch
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Andres Garcia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Onoriode Coast
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Natural Resources Institute, Agriculture, Health and Environment Department, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Kobori T, Tameishi M, Tanaka C, Urashima Y, Obata T. Subcellular distribution of ezrin/radixin/moesin and their roles in the cell surface localization and transport function of P-glycoprotein in human colon adenocarcinoma LS180 cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250889. [PMID: 33974673 PMCID: PMC8112653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family proteins act as linkers between the actin cytoskeleton and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and regulate the plasma membrane localization and functionality of the latter in various cancer cells. Notably, P-gp overexpression in the plasma membrane of cancer cells is a principal factor responsible for multidrug resistance and drug-induced mutagenesis. However, it remains unknown whether the ERM proteins contribute to the plasma membrane localization and transport function of P-gp in human colorectal cancer cells in which the subcellular localization of ERM has yet to be determined. This study aimed to determine the gene expression patterns and subcellular localization of ERM and P-gp and investigate the role of ERM proteins in the plasma membrane localization and transport function of P-gp using the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line LS180. Using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analyses, we showed higher levels of ezrin and moesin mRNAs than those of radixin mRNA in these cells and preferential distribution of all three ERM proteins on the plasma membrane. The ERM proteins were highly colocalized with P-gp. Additionally, we show that the knockdown of ezrin, but not of radixin and moesin, by RNA interference significantly decreased the cell surface expression of P-gp in LS180 cells without affecting the mRNA expression of P-gp. Furthermore, gene silencing of ezrin substantially increased the intracellular accumulation of rhodamine123, a typical P-gp substrate, with no alterations in the plasma membrane permeability of Evans blue, a passive transport marker. In conclusion, ezrin may primarily regulate the cell surface localization and transport function of P-gp as a scaffold protein without influencing the transcriptional activity of P-gp in LS180 cells. These findings should be relevant for treating colorectal cancer, which is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males and females combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kobori
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayuka Tameishi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Urashima
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tokio Obata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Yu H, Holopainen JK, Kivimäenpää M, Virtanen A, Blande JD. Potential of Climate Change and Herbivory to Affect the Release and Atmospheric Reactions of BVOCs from Boreal and Subarctic Forests. Molecules 2021; 26:2283. [PMID: 33920862 PMCID: PMC8071236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to most other forest ecosystems, circumpolar boreal and subarctic forests have few tree species, and are prone to mass outbreaks of herbivorous insects. A short growing season with long days allows rapid plant growth, which will be stimulated by predicted warming of polar areas. Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) from soil and vegetation could be substantial on sunny and warm days and biotic stress may accelerate emission rates. In the atmosphere, BVOCs are involved in various gas-phase chemical reactions within and above forest canopies. Importantly, the oxidation of BVOCs leads to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. SOA particles scatter and absorb solar radiation and grow to form cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and participate in cloud formation. Through BVOC and moisture release and SOA formation and condensation processes, vegetation has the capacity to affect the abiotic environment at the ecosystem scale. Recent BVOC literature indicates that both temperature and herbivory have a major impact on BVOC emissions released by woody species. Boreal conifer forest is the largest terrestrial biome and could be one of the largest sources of biogenic mono- and sesquiterpene emissions due to the capacity of conifer trees to store terpene-rich resins in resin canals above and belowground. Elevated temperature promotes increased diffusion of BVOCs from resin stores. Moreover, insect damage can break resin canals in needles, bark, and xylem and cause distinctive bursts of BVOCs during outbreaks. In the subarctic, mountain birch forests have cyclic outbreaks of Geometrid moths. During outbreaks, trees are often completely defoliated leading to an absence of BVOC-emitting foliage. However, in the years following an outbreak there is extended shoot growth, a greater number of leaves, and greater density of glandular trichomes that store BVOCs. This can lead to a delayed chemical defense response resulting in the highest BVOC emission rates from subarctic forest in the 1-3 years after an insect outbreak. Climate change is expected to increase insect outbreaks at high latitudes due to warmer seasons and arrivals of invasive herbivore species. Increased BVOC emission will affect tropospheric ozone (O3) formation and O3 induced oxidation of BVOCs. Herbivore-induced BVOC emissions from deciduous and coniferous trees are also likely to increase the formation rate of SOA and further growth of the particles in the atmosphere. Field experiments measuring the BVOC emission rates, SOA formation rate and particle concentrations within and above the herbivore attacked forest stands are still urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Yu
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (H.Y.); (J.K.H.); (M.K.)
| | - J. K. Holopainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (H.Y.); (J.K.H.); (M.K.)
| | - M. Kivimäenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (H.Y.); (J.K.H.); (M.K.)
| | - A. Virtanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - J. D. Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (H.Y.); (J.K.H.); (M.K.)
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Birami B, Bamberger I, Ghirardo A, Grote R, Arneth A, Gaona-Colmán E, Nadal-Sala D, Ruehr NK. Heatwave frequency and seedling death alter stress-specific emissions of volatile organic compounds in Aleppo pine. Oecologia 2021; 197:939-956. [PMID: 33835242 PMCID: PMC8591014 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) play important roles in plant stress responses and can serve as stress indicators. While the impacts of gradual environmental changes on BVOCs have been studied extensively, insights in emission responses to repeated stress and recovery are widely absent. Therefore, we studied the dynamics of shoot gas exchange and BVOC emissions in Pinus halepensis seedlings during an induced moderate drought, two four-day-long heatwaves, and the combination of drought and heatwaves. We found clear stress-specific responses of BVOC emissions. Reductions in acetone emissions with declining soil water content and transpiration stood out as a clear drought indicator. All other measured BVOC emissions responded exponentially to rising temperatures during heat stress (maximum of 43 °C), but monoterpenes and methyl salicylate showed a reduced temperature sensitivity during the second heatwave. We found that these decreases in monoterpene emissions between heatwaves were not reflected by similar declines in their internal storage pools. Because stress intensity was extremely severe, most of the seedlings in the heat-drought treatment died at the end of the second heatwave (dark respiration ceased). Interestingly, BVOC emissions (methanol, monoterpenes, methyl salicylate, and acetaldehyde) differed between dying and surviving seedlings, already well before indications of a reduced vitality became visible in gas exchange dynamics. In summary, we could clearly show that the dynamics of BVOC emissions are sensitive to stress type, stress frequency, and stress severity. Moreover, we found indications that stress-induced seedling mortality was preceded by altered methanol, monoterpene, and acetaldehyde emission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Birami
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. .,University of Bayreuth, Chair of Plant Ecology, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Ines Bamberger
- University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Atmospheric Chemistry, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, 95448, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Grote
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Almut Arneth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Gaona-Colmán
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Daniel Nadal-Sala
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Nadine K Ruehr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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Xu M, Liáng LL, Kirschbaum MUF, Fang S, Yu Y. Short-Term Temperature Response of Leaf Respiration in Different Subtropical Urban Tree Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:628995. [PMID: 33519882 PMCID: PMC7841330 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.628995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaf respiration is one of the critical components of the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. To predict changes of carbon emissions from leaves to the atmosphere under a warming climate, it is, therefore, important to understand the thermodynamics of the temperature response of leaf respiration. In this study, we measured the short-term temperature response of leaf respiration from five different urban tree species in a subtropical region of southern China. We applied two models, including an empirical model (the Kavanau model) and a mechanistic model (Macromolecular Rate Theory, MMRT), to investigate the thermodynamic properties in different plant species. Both models are equivalent in fitting measurements of the temperature response of leaf respiration with no significant difference (p = 0.67) in model efficiency, while MMRT provides an easy way to determine the thermodynamic properties, i.e., enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of activation, for plant respiration. We found a conserved temperature response in the five studied plant species, showing no difference in thermodynamic properties and the relative temperature sensitivity for different species at low temperatures (<42°C). However, divergent temperature response among species happened at high temperatures over 42°C, showing more than two-fold differences in relative respiration rate compared to that below 42°C, although the causes of the divergent temperature response remain unclear. Notably, the convergent temperature response at low temperatures could provide useful information for land surface models to improve predictions of climate change effects on plant respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lìyǐn L. Liáng
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Shuyi Fang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yina Yu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Optimization of Short-Term Hot-Water Treatment of Apples for Fruit Salad Production by Non-Invasive Chlorophyll-Fluorescence Imaging. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060820. [PMID: 32580403 PMCID: PMC7353604 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For fresh-cut salad production, hot-water treatment (HWT) needs optimization in terms of temperature and duration to guarantee a gentle and non-stressing processing to fully retain product quality besides an effective sanitation. One major initial target of heat treatment is photosynthesis, making it a suitable and sensitive marker for HWT effects. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) is a rapid and non-invasive tool to evaluate respective plant responses. Following practical applications in fruit salad production, apples of colored and of green-ripe cultivars ('Braeburn', 'Fuji', 'Greenstar', 'Granny Smith'), obtained from a local fruit salad producer, were hot-water treated from 44 to 70 °C for 30 to 300 s. One day after HWT and after 7 days of storage at 4 °C, CFI and remission spectroscopy were applied to evaluating temperature effects on photosynthetic activity, on contents of fruit pigments (chlorophylls, anthocyanins), and on various relevant quality parameters of intact apples. In 'Braeburn' apples, short-term HWT at 55 °C for 30 to 120 s avoided any heat injuries and quality losses. The samples of the other three cultivars turned out to be less sensitive and may be short-term heat-treated at temperatures of up to 60 °C for the same time. CFI proved to be a rapid, sensitive, and effective tool for process optimization of apples, closely reflecting the cultivar- or batch-specificity of heat effects on produce photosynthesis.
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Alayafi AAM. Exogenous ascorbic acid induces systemic heat stress tolerance in tomato seedlings: transcriptional regulation mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19186-19199. [PMID: 31448379 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The current study was devoted to assessing the impact of exogenous ascorbic acid (AsA) in inducing systemic thermotolerance against acute heat stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. There were four treatment groups including untreated control (CK), heat-stressed tomato (HS: exposure to 40 °C for 8 h), and treated with ascorbic acid (0.5 mM AsA), and the last group includes both the exogenous application of ascorbic acid and heat stress (AsA + HS). The HS led to leaf curling and mild wilting while plants treated with AsA displayed similar phenotype with control plants, approving that AsA eliminated the injurious effects of the heat stress. The oxidative damage to cell components was confirmed by higher levels of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index. Moreover, acute heat stress significantly reduced the photosynthetic pigment contents, and nutrient contents in tomato seedling leaves. In contrast, ascorbic acid postulated a priming effect on tomato roots and, substantially, alleviated heat stress effects on seedlings through reducing the oxidative damage and increasing the contents of ascorbic acid, proline, photosynthetic pigments, and upregulation of heat shock proteins in leaves. Ascorbic acid seems to be a key signaling molecule which enhanced the thermotolerance of tomato plants.
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Kelly S, Fletcher RA, Barney JN. Intraspecific, ecotypic and home climate variation in photosynthetic traits of the widespread invasive grass Johnsongrass. AOB PLANTS 2020; 12:plaa015. [PMID: 32549973 PMCID: PMC7291798 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite their near ubiquity across global ecosystems, the underlying mechanisms contributing to the success of invasive plants remain largely unknown. In particular, ecophysiological traits, which are fundamental to plants' performance and response to their environment, are poorly understood with respect to geographic and climate space. We evaluated photosynthetic trait variation among populations, ecotypes and home climates (i.e. the climates from the locations they were collected) of the widespread and expanding invader Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). We found that populations vary in the maximum net photosynthetic flux and the light-saturated net photosynthetic rate, and that agricultural and non-agricultural ecotypes vary in apparent quantum yield and water-use efficiency (WUE). We also found that populations from warmer home climates had lower dark respiration rates, light compensation points and WUEs. As Johnsongrass expands across the USA the abiotic and biotic environments are driving variation in its genetics, phenotypes and its underlying physiology. Our study demonstrates the importance of evaluating physiological traits in invasive plants, especially as they relate to home climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannen Kelly
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Fletcher
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jacob N Barney
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Role of Stomatal Conductance in Modifying the Dose Response of Stress-Volatile Emissions in Methyl Jasmonate Treated Leaves of Cucumber ( Cucumis sativa). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031018. [PMID: 32033119 PMCID: PMC7038070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment by volatile plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) leads to release of methanol and volatiles of lipoxygenase pathway (LOX volatiles) in a dose-dependent manner, but how the dose dependence is affected by stomatal openness is poorly known. We studied the rapid (0-60 min after treatment) response of stomatal conductance (Gs), net assimilation rate (A), and LOX and methanol emissions to varying MeJA concentrations (0.2-50 mM) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaves with partly open stomata and in leaves with reduced Gs due to drought and darkness. Exposure to MeJA led to initial opening of stomata due to an osmotic shock, followed by MeJA concentration-dependent reduction in Gs, whereas A initially decreased, followed by recovery for lower MeJA concentrations and time-dependent decline for higher MeJA concentrations. Methanol and LOX emissions were elicited in a MeJA concentration-dependent manner, whereas the peak methanol emissions (15-20 min after MeJA application) preceded LOX emissions (20-60 min after application). Furthermore, peak methanol emissions occurred earlier in treatments with higher MeJA concentration, while the opposite was observed for LOX emissions. This difference reflected the circumstance where the rise of methanol release partly coincided with MeJA-dependent stomatal opening, while stronger stomatal closure at higher MeJA concentrations progressively delayed peak LOX emissions. We further observed that drought-dependent reduction in Gs ameliorated MeJA effects on foliage physiological characteristics, underscoring that MeJA primarily penetrates through the stomata. However, despite reduced Gs, dark pretreatment amplified stress-volatile release upon MeJA treatment, suggesting that increased leaf oxidative status due to sudden illumination can potentiate the MeJA response. Taken together, these results collectively demonstrate that the MeJA dose response of volatile emission is controlled by stomata that alter MeJA uptake and volatile release kinetics and by leaf oxidative status in a complex manner.
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Chatterjee P, Kanagendran A, Samaddar S, Pazouki L, Sa TM, Niinemets Ü. Influence of Brevibacterium linens RS16 on foliage photosynthetic and volatile emission characteristics upon heat stress in Eucalyptus grandis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 700:134453. [PMID: 31670196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress induces secondary metabolic changes in plants, channeling photosynthetic carbon and energy, away from primary metabolic processes, including, growth. Use of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase containing plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) in conferring heat resistance in plants and the role of PGPB, in altering net carbon assimilation, constitutive and stress volatile emissions has not been studied yet. We exposed leaves of Eucalyptus grandis inoculated and non-inoculated with PGPB Brevibacterium linens RS16 to two levels of heat stress (37 °C and 41 °C for 5 min) and quantified temporal changes in foliage photosynthetic characteristics and volatile emission rates at 0.5 h, day 1 and day 5 after the stress application. Heat stress resulted in immediate reductions in dark-adapted photosystem II (PSII) quantum yield (Fv/Fm), net assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs), and enhancement of stress volatile emissions, including enhanced emissions of green leaf volatiles (GLV), mono- and sesquiterpenes, light weight oxygenated volatile organic compounds (LOC), geranyl-geranyl diphosphate pathway volatiles (GGDP), saturated aldehydes, and benzenoids, with partial recovery by day 5. Changes in stress-induced volatiles were always less in leaves inoculated with B. linens RS16. However, net assimilation rate was enhanced by bacterial inoculation only in the 37 °C treatment and overall reduction of isoprene emissions was observed in bacterially-treated leaves. Principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) indicated that different stress applications influenced specific volatile organic compounds. In addition, changes in the expression analysis of heat shock protein 70 gene (DnaK) gene in B. linens RS16 upon exposure to higher temperatures further indicated that B. linens RS16 has developed its own heat resistance mechanism to survive under higher temperature regimes. Taken together, this study demonstrates that foliar application of ACC deaminase containing PGPB can ameliorate heat stress effects in realistic biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Chatterjee
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Arooran Kanagendran
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia; FARCE Lab, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sandipan Samaddar
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea; Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Leila Pazouki
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Tong-Min Sa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia.
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John SP, Hasenstein KH. Desiccation Mitigates Heat Stress in the Resurrection Fern, Pleopeltis polypodioides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:597731. [PMID: 33329661 PMCID: PMC7733933 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.597731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although heat and desiccation stresses often coincide, the response to heat especially in desiccation tolerant plants is rarely studied. We subjected hydrated Pleopeltis polypodioides fronds to temperatures up to 50°C and dehydrated fronds up to 65°C for 24 h. The effect of heat stress was evaluated using morphological changes, photosystem (PS) II efficiency, and metabolic indicators. Pinnae of dried fronds exposed to more than 40°C curled tighter and became brittle compared to fronds dried at lower temperatures. Exposure to > 50°C leads to discolored fronds after rehydration. Hydrated fronds turned partially brown at > 35°C. Chlorophyll fluorescence (Ft) and quantum yield (Qy) increased following re-hydration but the recovery process after 40°C treatment lasted longer than at lower temperatures. Similarly, hydrated fronds showed reduced Qy when exposed to > 40°C. Dried and hydrated fronds remained metabolically active up to 40°C. Hydroperoxides and lipid hydroperoxides in dried samples remained high up to 50°C, but decreased in hydrated fronds at > 40°C. Catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) oxidizing activities remained high up to 40°C in dehydrated fronds and up to 35°C in hydrated fronds. Major fatty acids detected in both dehydrated and hydrated fronds included palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids, oleic (18:1), linoleic (C18:2); and linolenic (C18:3) acids. Linolenic acid was most abundant. In dried fronds, all fatty acids decreased at > 35°C. The combined data indicate that the thermotolerance of dry fronds is about 55°C but is at least 10°C lower for hydrated fronds.
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Menezes‐Silva PE, Loram‐Lourenço L, Alves RDFB, Sousa LF, Almeida SEDS, Farnese FS. Different ways to die in a changing world: Consequences of climate change for tree species performance and survival through an ecophysiological perspective. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11979-11999. [PMID: 31695903 PMCID: PMC6822037 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities such as uncontrolled deforestation and increasing greenhouse gas emissions are responsible for triggering a series of environmental imbalances that affect the Earth's complex climate dynamics. As a consequence of these changes, several climate models forecast an intensification of extreme weather events over the upcoming decades, including heat waves and increasingly severe drought and flood episodes. The occurrence of such extreme weather will prompt profound changes in several plant communities, resulting in massive forest dieback events that can trigger a massive loss of biodiversity in several biomes worldwide. Despite the gravity of the situation, our knowledge regarding how extreme weather events can undermine the performance, survival, and distribution of forest species remains very fragmented. Therefore, the present review aimed to provide a broad and integrated perspective of the main biochemical, physiological, and morpho-anatomical disorders that may compromise the performance and survival of forest species exposed to climate change factors, particularly drought, flooding, and global warming. In addition, we also discuss the controversial effects of high CO2 concentrations in enhancing plant growth and reducing the deleterious effects of some extreme climatic events. We conclude with a discussion about the possible effects that the factors associated with the climate change might have on species distribution and forest composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Loram‐Lourenço
- Laboratory of Plant EcophysiologyInstituto Federal Goiano – Campus Rio VerdeGoiásBrazil
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Turan S, Kask K, Kanagendran A, Li S, Anni R, Talts E, Rasulov B, Kännaste A, Niinemets Ü. Lethal heat stress-dependent volatile emissions from tobacco leaves: what happens beyond the thermal edge? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5017-5030. [PMID: 31289830 PMCID: PMC6850906 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural vegetation is predicted to suffer from extreme heat events as a result of global warming. In this study, we focused on the immediate response to heat stress. Photosynthesis and volatile emissions were measured in the leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38) after exposure to heat shock treatments between 46 °C and 55 °C. Exposure to 46 °C decreased photosynthetic carbon assimilation rates (A) by >3-fold. Complete inhibition of A was observed at 49 °C, together with a simultaneous decrease in the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII, measured as the Fv/Fm ratio. A large increase in volatile emissions was observed at 52 °C. Heat stress resulted in only minor effects on the emission of monoterpenes, but volatiles associated with membrane damage such as propanal and (E)-2-hexenal+(Z)-3-hexenol were greatly increased. Heat induced changes in the levels of methanol and 2-ethylfuran that are indicative of modification of cell walls. In addition, the oxidation of metabolites in the volatile profiles was strongly enhanced, suggesting the acceleration of oxidative processes at high temperatures that are beyond the thermal tolerance limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satpal Turan
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Kaia Kask
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Arooran Kanagendran
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Rinaldo Anni
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Eero Talts
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Bahtijor Rasulov
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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Ruehr NK, Grote R, Mayr S, Arneth A. Beyond the extreme: recovery of carbon and water relations in woody plants following heat and drought stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1285-1299. [PMID: 30924906 PMCID: PMC6703153 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to drought and heat stress have been extensively studied, whereas post-stress recovery, which is fundamental to understanding stress resilience, has received much less attention. Here, we present a conceptual stress-recovery framework with respect to hydraulic and metabolic functioning in woody plants. We further synthesize results from controlled experimental studies following heat or drought events and highlight underlying mechanisms that drive post-stress recovery. We find that the pace of recovery differs among physiological processes. Leaf water potential and abscisic acid concentration typically recover within few days upon rewetting, while leaf gas exchange-related variables lag behind. Under increased drought severity as indicated by a loss in xylem hydraulic conductance, the time for stomatal conductance recovery increases markedly. Following heat stress release, a similar delay in leaf gas exchange recovery has been observed, but the reasons are most likely a slow reversal of photosynthetic impairment and other temperature-related leaf damages, which typically manifest at temperatures above 40 °C. Based thereon, we suggest that recovery of gas exchange is fast following mild stress, while recovery is slow and reliant on the efficiency of repair and regrowth when stress results in functional impairment and damage to critical plant processes. We further propose that increasing stress severity, particular after critical stress levels have been reached, increases the carbon cost involved in reestablishing functionality. This concept can guide future experimental research and provides a base for modeling post-stress recovery of carbon and water relations in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine K Ruehr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research—Atmospheric Environmental Research (KIT/IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Grote
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research—Atmospheric Environmental Research (KIT/IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Stefan Mayr
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Almut Arneth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research—Atmospheric Environmental Research (KIT/IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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48
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de Freitas GM, Thomas J, Liyanage R, Lay JO, Basu S, Ramegowda V, do Amaral MN, Benitez LC, Bolacel Braga EJ, Pereira A. Cold tolerance response mechanisms revealed through comparative analysis of gene and protein expression in multiple rice genotypes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218019. [PMID: 31181089 PMCID: PMC6557504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its tropical origin and adaptation, rice is significantly impacted by cold stress, and consequently sustains large losses in growth and productivity. Currently, rice is the second most consumed cereal in the world and production losses caused by extreme temperature events in the context of "major climatic changes" can have major impacts on the world economy. We report here an analysis of rice genotypes in response to low-temperature stress, studied through physiological gas-exchange parameters, biochemical changes in photosynthetic pigments and antioxidants, and at the level of gene and protein expression, towards an understanding and identification of multiple low-temperature tolerance mechanisms. The first effects of cold stress were observed on photosynthesis among all genotypes. However, the tropical japonica genotypes Secano do Brazil and Cypress had a greater reduction in gas exchange parameters like photosynthesis and water use efficiency in comparison to the temperate japonica Nipponbare and M202 genotypes. The analysis of biochemical profiles showed that despite the impacts of low temperature on tolerant plants, they quickly adjusted to maintain their cellular homeostasis by an accumulation of antioxidants and osmolytes like phenolic compounds and proline. The cold tolerant and sensitive genotypes showed a clear difference in gene expression at the transcript level for OsGH3-2, OsSRO1a, OsZFP245, and OsTPP1, as well as for expression at the protein level for LRR-RLKs, bHLH, GLYI, and LTP1 proteins. This study exemplifies the cold tolerant features of the temperate japonica Nipponbare and M202 genotypes, as observed through the analysis of physiological and biochemical responses and the associated changes in gene and protein expression patterns. The genes and proteins showing differential expression response are notable candidates towards understanding the biological pathways affected in rice and for engineering cold tolerance, to generate cultivars capable of maintaining growth, development, and reproduction under cold stress. We also propose that the mechanisms of action of the genes analyzed are associated with the tolerance response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Moraes de Freitas
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Julie Thomas
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Jackson O. Lay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Supratim Basu
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Venkategowda Ramegowda
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Andy Pereira
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
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Hüve K, Bichele I, Kaldmäe H, Rasulov B, Valladares F, Niinemets Ü. Responses of Aspen Leaves to Heatflecks: Both Damaging and Non-Damaging Rapid Temperature Excursions Reduce Photosynthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E145. [PMID: 31151267 PMCID: PMC6630322 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During exposure to direct sunlight, leaf temperature increases rapidly and can reach values well above air temperature in temperate forest understories, especially when transpiration is limited due to drought stress, but the physiological effects of such high-temperature events are imperfectly understood. To gain insight into leaf temperature changes in the field and the effects of temperature variation on plant photosynthetic processes, we studied leaf temperature dynamics under field conditions in European aspen (Populus tremula L.) and under nursery conditions in hybrid aspen (P. tremula × P. tremuloides Michaux), and further investigated the heat response of photosynthetic activity in hybrid aspen leaves under laboratory conditions. To simulate the complex fluctuating temperature environment in the field, intact, attached leaves were subjected to short temperature increases ("heat pulses") of varying duration over the temperature range of 30 °C-53 °C either under constant light intensity or by simultaneously raising the light intensity from 600 μmol m-2 s-1 to 1000 μmol m-2 s-1 during the heat pulse. On a warm summer day, leaf temperatures of up to 44 °C were measured in aspen leaves growing in the hemiboreal climate of Estonia. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that a moderate heat pulse of 2 min and up to 44 °C resulted in a reversible decrease of photosynthesis. The decrease in photosynthesis resulted from a combination of suppression of photosynthesis directly caused by the heat pulse and a further decrease, for a time period of 10-40 min after the heat pulse, caused by subsequent transient stomatal closure and delayed recovery of photosystem II (PSII) quantum yield. Longer and hotter heat pulses resulted in sustained inhibition of photosynthesis, primarily due to reduced PSII activity. However, cellular damage as indicated by increased membrane conductivity was not found below 50 °C. These data demonstrate that aspen is remarkably resistant to short-term heat pulses that are frequent under strongly fluctuating light regimes. Although the heat pulses did not result in cellular damage, heatflecks can significantly reduce the whole plant carbon gain in the field due to the delayed photosynthetic recovery after the heat pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Hüve
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Irina Bichele
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Hedi Kaldmäe
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Bahtijor Rasulov
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Fernando Valladares
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, C.S.I.C., Serrano 115 dpdo, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia.
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50
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Chatterjee P, Kanagendran A, Samaddar S, Pazouki L, Sa TM, Niinemets Ü. Inoculation of Brevibacterium linens RS16 in Oryza sativa genotypes enhanced salinity resistance: Impacts on photosynthetic traits and foliar volatile emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:721-732. [PMID: 30031330 PMCID: PMC6354898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The emission of volatiles in response to salt stress in rice cultivars has not been studied much to date. Studies addressing the regulation of stress induced volatile emission by halotolerant plant growth promoting bacteria containing ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase are also limited. The objective of the present study was to investigate the salt alleviation potential of bacteria by regulating photosynthetic characteristics and volatile emissions in rice cultivars, and to compare the effects of the bacteria inoculation and salt responses between two rice genotypes. The interactive effects of soil salinity (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl) and inoculation with Brevibacterium linens RS16 on ACC accumulation, ACC oxidase activity, carbon assimilation and stress volatile emissions after stress application were studied in the moderately salt resistant (FL478) and the salt-sensitive (IR29) rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. It was observed that salt stress reduced foliage photosynthetic rate, but induced foliage ACC accumulation, foliage ACC oxidase activity, and the emissions of all the major classes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including the lipoxygenase pathway volatiles, light-weight oxygenated volatiles, long-chained saturated aldehydes, benzenoids, geranylgeranyl diphosphate pathway products, and mono- and sesquiterpenes. All these characteristics scaled up quantitatively with increasing salt stress. The effects of salt stress were more pronounced in the salt-sensitive genotype IR29 compared to the moderately salt resistant FL478 genotype. However, the bacterial inoculation significantly enhanced photosynthesis, and decreased ACC accumulation and the ACC oxidase activity, and VOC emissions both in control and salt-treated plants. Taken together, these results suggested that the ACC deaminase-containing Brevibacterium linens RS16 reduces the temporal regulation of VOC emissions and increases the plant physiological activity by reducing the availability of ethylene precursor ACC and the ACC oxidase activity under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Chatterjee
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Arooran Kanagendran
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Sandipan Samaddar
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Leila Pazouki
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Tong-Min Sa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia.
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