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Hu W, Loka DA, Yang Y, Wu Z, Wang J, Liu L, Wang S, Zhou Z. Partial root-zone drying irrigation improves intrinsic water-use efficiency and maintains high photosynthesis by uncoupling stomatal and mesophyll conductance in cotton leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3147-3165. [PMID: 38693776 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Partial root-zone drying irrigation (PRD) can improve water-use efficiency (WUE) without reductions in photosynthesis; however, the mechanism by which this is attained is unclear. To amend that, PRD conditions were simulated by polyethylene glycol 6000 in a root-splitting system and the effects of PRD on cotton growth were studied. Results showed that PRD decreased stomatal conductance (gs) but increased mesophyll conductance (gm). Due to the contrasting effects on gs and gm, net photosynthetic rate (AN) remained unaffected, while the enhanced gm/gs ratio facilitated a larger intrinsic WUE. Further analyses indicated that PRD-induced reduction of gs was related to decreased stomatal size and stomatal pore area in adaxial and abaxial surface which was ascribed to lower pore length and width. PRD-induced variation of gm was ascribed to the reduced liquid-phase resistance, due to increases in chloroplast area facing to intercellular airspaces and the ratio of chloroplast surface area to total mesophyll cell area exposed to intercellular airspaces, as well as to decreases in the distance between cell wall and chloroplast, and between adjacent chloroplasts. The above results demonstrate that PRD, through alterations to stomatal and mesophyll structures, decoupled gs and gm responses, which ultimately increased intrinsic WUE and maintained AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dimitra A Loka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Larisa, Greece
| | - Yuanli Yang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqing Wu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Wang Z, Wang X, Han B, Liu D, Wang C. Balance between carbon gain and loss in warmer environments: impacts on photosynthesis and leaf respiration in four temperate tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae070. [PMID: 38905287 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The temperature sensitivities of photosynthesis and respiration remain a key uncertainty in predicting how forests will respond to climate warming. We grew seedlings of four temperate tree species, including Betula platyphylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica and Tilia amurensis, at three temperature regimes (ambient, +2 °C, and +4 °C in daytime air temperature). We investigated net photosynthesis (Anet25), maximum rate of RuBP-carboxylation (Vcmax25) and RuBP-regeneration (Jmax25), stomatal conductance (gs25), mesophyll conductance (gm25), and leaf respiration (Rleaf) in dark (Rdark25) and in light (Rlight25) at 25 °C in all species. Additionally, we examined the temperature sensitivities of Anet, Vcmax, Jmax, Rdark and Rlight in F. mandshurica. Our findings showed that the warming-induced decreases in Anet25, Vcmax25 and Jmax25 were more prevalent in the late-successional species T. amurensis. Warming had negative impacts on gs25 in all species. Overall, Anet25 was positively correlated with Vcmax25 and Jmax25 across all growth temperatures. However, a positive correlation between Anet25 and gs25 was observed only under warming conditions, and gs25 was negatively associated with vapor pressure deficit. This implies that the vapor pressure deficit-induced decrease in gs25 was responsible for the decline in Anet25 at higher temperatures. The optimum temperature of Anet in F. mandshurica increased by 0.59 °C per 1.0 °C rise in growth temperature. While +2 °C elevated the thermal optima of Jmax, it did not affect the other temperature sensitivity parameters of Vcmax and Jmax. Rdark25 was not affected by warming in any species, and Rlight25 was stimulated in T. amurensis. The temperature response curves of Rdark and Rlight in F. mandshurica were not altered by warming, implying a lack of thermal acclimation. The ratios of Rdark25 and Rlight25 to Anet25 and Vcmax25 in T. amurensis increased with warming. These results suggest that Anet and Rleaf did not acclimate to warming synchronously in these temperate tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Wang
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bingxin Han
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chuankuan Wang
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
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Yang XL, Ma XF, Ye ZP, Yang LS, Shi JB, Wang X, Zhou BB, Wang FB, Deng ZF. Simulating short-term light responses of photosynthesis and water use efficiency in sweet sorghum under varying temperature and CO 2 conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1291630. [PMID: 38606074 PMCID: PMC11007071 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1291630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Climate change, characterized by rising atmospheric CO2 levels and temperatures, poses significant challenges to global crop production. Sweet sorghum, a prominent C4 cereal extensively grown in arid areas, emerges as a promising candidate for sustainable bioenergy production. This study investigated the responses of photosynthesis and leaf-scale water use efficiency (WUE) to varying light intensity (I) in sweet sorghum under different temperature and CO2 conditions. Comparative analyses were conducted between the A n-I, g s-I, T r-I, WUEi-I, and WUEinst-I models proposed by Ye et al. and the widely utilized the non-rectangular hyperbolic (NRH) model for fitting light response curves. The Ye's models effectively replicated the light response curves of sweet sorghum, accurately capturing the diminishing intrinsic WUE (WUEi) and instantaneous WUE (WUEinst) trends with increasing I. The fitted maximum values of A n, g s, T r, WUEi, and WUEinst and their saturation light intensities closely matched observations, unlike the NRH model. Despite the NRH model demonstrating high R 2 values for A n-I, g s-I, and T r-I modelling, it returned the maximum values significantly deviating from observed values and failed to generate saturation light intensities. It also inadequately represented WUE responses to I, overestimating WUE. Across different leaf temperatures, A n, g s, and T r of sweet sorghum displayed comparable light response patterns. Elevated temperatures increased maximum A n, g s, and T r but consistently declined maximum WUEi and WUEinst. However, WUEinst declined more sharply due to the disproportionate transpiration increase over carbon assimilation. Critically, sweet sorghum A n saturated at current atmospheric CO2 levels, with no significant gains under 550 μmol mol-1. Instead, stomatal closure enhanced WUE under elevated CO2 by coordinated g s and T r reductions rather than improved carbon assimilation. Nonetheless, this response diminished under simultaneously high temperature, suggesting intricate interplay between CO2 and temperature in modulating plant responses. These findings provide valuable insights into photosynthetic dynamics of sweet sorghum, aiding predictions of yield and optimization of cultivation practices. Moreover, our methodology serves as a valuable reference for evaluating leaf photosynthesis and WUE dynamics in diverse plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zi-Piao Ye
- Institute of Biophysics in Maths & Physics College, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, China
| | | | - Jun-Bo Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fu-Biao Wang
- Institute of Biophysics in Maths & Physics College, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, China
| | - Zi-Fa Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Ye J, Yang J, Zheng R, Yu J, Jiang X, Li S, Jiang M. Physiological response and tolerance of Sesuvium portulacastrum L. to low temperature stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:269-285. [PMID: 38623159 PMCID: PMC11016044 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The plant Sesuvium portulacastrum L., commonly referred to as sea purslane, is a perennial halophytic species with significant potential for development in marine ecological restoration. However, its growth is limited in high-latitude regions with lower temperatures due to its subtropical nature. Furthermore, literature on its cold tolerance is scarce. This study, therefore, focused on sea purslane plants naturally overwintering in Ningbo (29°77'N), investigating their morphological, histological, rooting, and physiological responses to low temperatures (7 °C, 11 °C, 15 °C, and 19 °C). The findings indicated an escalation in cold damage severity with decreasing temperatures. At 7 °C, the plants failed to root and subsequently perished. In contrast, at 11 °C, root systems developed, while at 15 °C and 19 °C, the plants exhibited robust growth, outperforming the 11 °C group in terms of leaf number and root length significantly (P < 0.05). Histological analyses showed a marked reduction in leaf thickness under cold stress (P < 0.05), with disorganized leaf structure observed in the 7 °C group, whereas it remained stable at higher temperatures. No root primordia were evident in the vascular cambium of the 7 and 11 °C groups, in contrast to the 15 and 19 °C groups. Total chlorophyll content decreased with temperature, following the order: 19 °C > 15 °C > 11 °C > 7 °C. Notably, ascorbic acid levels were significantly higher in the 7 and 11 °C groups than in the 15 and 19 °C groups. Additionally, the proline concentration in the 7 °C group was approximately fourfold higher than in the 19 °C group. Activities of antioxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase-were significantly elevated in the 7 and 11 °C groups compared to the 15 and 19 °C groups. Moreover, the malondialdehyde content in the 7 °C group (36.63 ± 1.75 nmol/g) was significantly higher, about 5.5 and 9.6 times, compared to the 15 °C and 19 °C groups, respectively. In summary, 7 °C is a critical threshold for sea purslane stem segments; below this temperature, cellular homeostasis is disrupted, leading to an excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides and subsequent death due to an inability to neutralize excess reactive oxygen species. At 11 °C, although photosynthesis is impaired, self-protective mechanisms such as enhanced antioxidative systems and osmoregulation are activated. However, root development is compromised, resulting in stunted growth. These results contribute to expanding the geographic distribution of sea purslane and provide a theoretical basis for its ecological restoration in high-latitude mariculture. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01429-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Ye
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Rou Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiamin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- Xiangshan Laifa Aquaculture Hatchery Facility, Ningbo, 315704 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Maowang Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Mariculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315832 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
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Guo J, Beverly DP, Ewers BE, Williams DG. Stomatal, mesophyll and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis and their relationship with leaf structure over an elevation gradient in two conifers. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 157:85-101. [PMID: 37212937 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic responses across complex elevational gradients provides insight into fundamental processes driving responses of plant growth and net primary production to environmental change. Gas exchange of needles and twig water potential were measured in two widespread coniferous tree species, Pinus contorta and Picea engelmannii, over an 800-m elevation gradient in southeastern Wyoming, USA. We hypothesized that limitations to photosynthesis imposed by mesophyll conductance (gm) would be greatest at the highest elevation sites due to higher leaf mass per area (LMA) and that estimations of maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax) without including gm would obscure elevational patterns of photosynthetic capacity. We found that gm decreased with elevation for P. contorta and remained constant for P. engelmannii, but in general, limitation to photosynthesis by gm was small. Indeed, estimations of Vcmax when including gm were equivalent to those estimated without including gm and no correlation was found between gm and LMA nor between gm and leaf N. Stomatal conductance (gs) and biochemical demand for CO2 were by far the most limiting processes to photosynthesis at all sites along the elevation gradient. Photosynthetic capacity (A) and gs were influenced strongly by differences in soil water availability across the elevation transect, while gm was less responsive to water availability. Based on our analysis, variation in gm plays only a minor role in driving patterns of photosynthesis in P. contorta and P. engelmannii across complex elevational gradients in dry, continental environments of the Rocky Mountains and accurate modeling of photosynthesis, growth and net primary production in these forests may not require detailed estimation of this trait value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemin Guo
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
| | - Daniel P Beverly
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Biology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Brent E Ewers
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - David G Williams
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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Shu Y, Huang G, Zhang Q, Peng S, Li Y. Reduction of photosynthesis under P deficiency is mainly caused by the decreased CO 2 diffusional capacities in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107680. [PMID: 37031546 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the most important essential mineral elements for plant growth and development. It has been widely recognized that phosphorus deficiency can lead to the significant declines in leaf photosynthetic rate and leaf area. However, the internal mechanism associated with the leaf anatomical traits has not been well understood. In present study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effect of phosphorus deficiency on leaf growth and photosynthesis in Jimai 22 (JM22, Triticum aestivum L.) and Suk Landarace 26 (SL26, Triticum aestivum L.). With the decrease in phosphorus concentration, leaf photosynthetic rate and leaf area in SL26 and JM22 all decreased significantly, but the decrease in leaf area occurred earlier than that in leaf photosynthetic rate. The thresholds of phosphorus concentration to maintain a high photosynthesis were 145.5 and 138.7 mg m-2, respectively, in SL26 and JM22; and they were 197.5 and 212.0 mg m-2, respectively, for leaf growth. The decrease in leaf photosynthetic rate under low P conditions was mainly caused by the lowered stomatal conductance and mesophyll conductance, and to a less extent by the decrease in biochemical capacities. The decrease in stomatal conductance was attributed to the smaller vascular bundle area, xylem conduits area and the lower leaf hydraulic conductance. However, the reduction in mesophyll conductance was not related to either the cell wall thickness or the development of chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Guanjun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Xu K, Ye H. Light scattering in stacked mesophyll cells results in similarity characteristic of solar spectral reflectance and transmittance of natural leaves. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4694. [PMID: 36949090 PMCID: PMC10033640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar spectral reflectance and transmittance of natural leaves exhibit dramatic similarity. To elucidate the formation mechanism and physiological significance, a radiative transfer model was constructed, and the effects of stacked mesophyll cells, chlorophyll content and leaf thickness on the visible light absorptance of the natural leaves were analyzed. Results indicated that light scattering caused by the stacked mesophyll cells is responsible for the similarity. The optical path of visible light in the natural leaves is increased with the scattering process, resulting in that the visible light transmittance is significantly reduced meanwhile the visible light reflectance is at a low level, thus the visible light absorptance tends to a maximum and the absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by the natural leaves is significantly enhanced. Interestingly, as two key leaf functional traits affecting the absorption process of PAR, chlorophyll content and leaf thickness of the natural leaves in a certain environment show a convergent behavior, resulting in the high visible light absorptance of the natural leaves, which demonstrates the PAR utilizing strategies of the natural leaves. This work provides a new perspective for revealing the evolutionary processes and ecological strategies of natural leaves, and can be adopted to guide the improvement directions of crop photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China.
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Bahamonde HA, Aranda I, Peri PL, Gyenge J, Fernández V. Leaf wettability, anatomy and ultra-structure of Nothofagus antarctica and N. betuloides grown under a CO 2 enriched atmosphere. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:193-201. [PMID: 36427381 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing CO2 air concentration may affect wettability, anatomy and ultra-structure of leaves of Patagonian forest species, evergreen and deciduous plants potentially responding differently to such CO2 increases. In this study, we analysed the wettability, anatomy and ultra-structure of leaves of Nothofagus antarctica (deciduous) and N. betuloides (evergreen) grown under high CO2 concentrations. Leaf wettability was affected by increasing CO2, in different directions depending on species and leaf side. In both species, soluble cuticular lipid concentrations per unit leaf area raised with higher CO2 levels. Stomatal parameters (density, size of guard cells and pores) showed different responses to CO2 increasing depending on the species examined. In both species, leaf tissues showed a general trend to diminish with higher CO2 concentration. Cuticle thickness was modified with higher CO2 concentration in N. betuloides, but not in N. antarctica leaves. In both species, chloroplasts were often damaged with the increase in CO2 concentration. Our results show that several surface and internal leaf parameters can be modified in association with an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration which may very among plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor A Bahamonde
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Av. 60 y 119, La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ismael Aranda
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA CSIC), Centro de Investigación Forestal (ICIFOR), Carretera Coruña Km 7.5, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo L Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CC 332, Río Gallegos, 9400, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Javier Gyenge
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET, AER Tandil INTA, EEA Balcarce, B7620, Argentina
| | - Victoria Fernández
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Ouk R, Oi T, Sugiura D, Taniguchi M. 3-D reconstruction of rice leaf tissue for proper estimation of surface area of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts facing intercellular airspaces from 2-D section images. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:991-998. [PMID: 36283030 PMCID: PMC9851327 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The surface area of mesophyll cells (Smes) and chloroplasts (Sc) facing the intercellular airspace (IAS) are important parameters for estimating photosynthetic activity from leaf anatomy. Although Smes and Sc are estimated based on the shape assumption of mesophyll cells (MCs), it is questionable if the assumption is correct for rice MCs with concave-convex surfaces. Therefore, in this study, we establish a reconstruction method for the 3-D representation of the IAS in rice leaf tissue to calculate the actual Smes and Sc with 3-D images and to determine the correct shape assumption for the estimation of Smes and Sc based on 2-D section images. METHODS We used serial section light microscopy to reconstruct 3-D representations of the IAS, MCs and chloroplasts in rice leaf tissue. Actual Smes and Sc values obtained from the 3-D representation were compared with those estimated from the 2-D images to find the correct shape-specific assumption (oblate or prolate spheroid) in different orientations (longitudinal and transverse sections) using the same leaf sample. KEY RESULTS The 3-D representation method revealed that volumes of the IAS and MCs accounted for 30 and 70 % of rice leaf tissue excluding epidermis, respectively, and the volume of chloroplasts accounted for 44 % of MCs. The shape-specific assumption on the sectioning orientation affected the estimation of Smes and Sc using 2-D section images with discrepancies of 10-38 %. CONCLUSIONS The 3-D representation of rice leaf tissue was successfully reconstructed using serial section light microscopy and suggested that estimation of Smes and Sc of the rice leaf is more accurate using longitudinal sections with MCs assumed as oblate spheroids than using transverse sections with MCs as prolate spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Ouk
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takao Oi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Ashraf U, Hussain S, Naveed Shahid M, Anjum SA, Kondo M, Mo Z, Tang X. Alternate wetting and drying modulated physio-biochemical attributes, grain yield, quality, and aroma volatile in fragrant rice. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13833. [PMID: 36437744 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) has been recognized as a water-saving technology in rice production systems; however, pre- and post-flowering AWD could induce changes in yield, quality and aroma biosynthesis in fragrant rice. In the present study, two fragrant rice cultivars (Guixiangzhan and Nongxiang-18) were subjected to AWD till soil water potential reached -25 to -30 kPa during vegetative stage (VS), reproductive stage (RS), and both stages (VS + RS). The AWD did not affect net photosynthesis and gas exchange significantly, while malondialdehyde (MDA), H2 O2 and electrolyte leakage (EL) were higher than in control plants. The AWD treatments variably affected soluble sugars, proline and protein accumulation as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents. Moreover, filled grain percentage and 1000-grain weight in AWD treatments were found to be statistically similar (p > 0.05) to control, except grains panicle-1 under AWD-VS + RS that was reduced by 11% and 14% for Guixiangzhan and Nongxiang-18, respectively. On average, yield and related attributes in Guixiangzhan remained higher than in Nongxiang-18. In addition, the grain aroma volatile (2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 2-AP) content increased by 8.79%, 14.45%, and 6.87% and 7.95%, 14.02%, and 5.04% under AWD-VS, AWD-RS, and AWD-VS + RS treatments, for Guixiangzhan and Nongxiang-18, respectively. Overall, AWD treatments, either at VS or RS, could promote rice aroma in terms of accumulation of 2AP, which might be linked with enhanced endogenous proline contents (a precursor for 2AP biosynthesis) without any severe consequences on rice yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Shahid
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Motohiko Kondo
- Department of Plant Production Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Phillips AL, Scafaro AP, Atwell BJ. Photosynthetic traits of Australian wild rice (Oryza australiensis) confer tolerance to extreme daytime temperatures. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:347-363. [PMID: 34997897 PMCID: PMC9646608 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A wild relative of rice from the Australian savannah was compared with cultivated rice, revealing thermotolerance in growth and photosynthetic processes and a more robust carbon economy in extreme heat. Above ~ 32 °C, impaired photosynthesis compromises the productivity of rice. We compared leaf tissues from heat-tolerant wild rice (Oryza australiensis) with temperate-adapted O. sativa after sustained exposure to heat, as well as diurnal heat shock. Leaf elongation and shoot biomass in O. australiensis were unimpaired at 45 °C, and soluble sugar concentrations trebled during 10 h of a 45 °C shock treatment. By contrast, 45 °C slowed growth strongly in O. sativa. Chloroplastic CO2 concentrations eliminated CO2 supply to chloroplasts as the basis of differential heat tolerance. This directed our attention to carboxylation and the abundance of the heat-sensitive chaperone Rubisco activase (Rca) in each species. Surprisingly, O. australiensis leaves at 45 °C had 50% less Rca per unit Rubisco, even though CO2 assimilation was faster than at 30 °C. By contrast, Rca per unit Rubisco doubled in O. sativa at 45 °C while CO2 assimilation was slower, reflecting its inferior Rca thermostability. Plants grown at 45 °C were simultaneously exposed to 700 ppm CO2 to enhance the CO2 supply to Rubisco. Growth at 45 °C responded to CO2 enrichment in O. australiensis but not O. sativa, reflecting more robust carboxylation capacity and thermal tolerance in the wild rice relative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Phillips
- Waite Research Institute and School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew P Scafaro
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Brian J Atwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Huang G, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Shu Y, Ren X, Peng S, Li Y. Interspecific variation in the temperature response of mesophyll conductance is related to leaf anatomy. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:221-234. [PMID: 35962704 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although mesophyll conductance (gm ) is known to be sensitive to temperature (T), the mechanisms underlying the temperature response of gm are not fully understood. In particular, it has yet to be established whether interspecific variation in gm -T relationships is associated with mesophyll anatomy and vein traits. In the present study, we measured the short-term response of gm in eight crop species, and leaf water potential (Ψleaf ) in five crop species over a temperature range of 15-35°C. The considered structural parameters are surface areas of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts facing intercellular airspaces per unit leaf area (Sm and Sc ), cell wall thickness (Tcw ), and vein length per area (VLA). We detected large interspecific variations in the temperature responses of gm and Ψleaf . The activation energy for gm (Ea,gm ) was found to be positively correlated with Sc , although it showed no correlation with Tcw . In contrast, VLA was positively correlated with the slope of the linear model of Ψleaf -T (a), whereas Ea,gm was marginally correlated with VLA and a. A two-component model was subsequently used to model gm -T relationships, and the mechanisms underlying the temperature response of gm are discussed. The data presented here indicate that leaf anatomy is a major determinant of the interspecific variation in gm -T relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Huang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River
| | - Yuhan Yang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River
| | - Yu Shu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River
| | - Xifeng Ren
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River
| | - Yong Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River
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13
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Ajala A, Kaur L, Lee SJ, Singh J. Influence of seed microstructure on the hydration kinetics and oral-gastro-small intestinal starch digestion in vitro of New Zealand pea varieties. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Zeng F, Zhu L, Wang G, Liang Y, Ma D, Wang J. Higher CO 2 Assimilation in Selected Rice Recombinant Inbred Lines Is Driven by Higher CO 2 Diffusion and Light Use Efficiency Related to Leaf Anatomy and Mesophyll Cell Density. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:915050. [PMID: 35812953 PMCID: PMC9261980 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.915050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf anatomy determining the light distribution within the leaf and exerting influence on CO2 diffusion is considered to have dramatic potential for photosynthesis performance increase. In this study, we observed that two rice recombinant inbred lines, H138 and H217 (RILF11 plants from Sasanishiki × IRAT10), have higher net CO2 assimilation (An) than their parent Sasanishiki due mainly to the improvement of leaf anatomy. Our results showed that An positively correlated with anatomy traits' mesophyll cell number per cross-sectional area (NO.mescell/Acros) and mesophyll area (Ames). NO.mescell/Acros exert direct and indirect effects on An. Compared to Sasanishiki flag leaves, IRAT10, H138, and H217 have higher mesophyll cell numbers. Simultaneously, higher chlorophyll content and expression of genes encoding the light-harvesting protein of PSII and PSI (Lhcb1, 2, 3 and Lhca1, 2, 3) were recorded in IRAT10, H138, and H217, which facilitates light use efficiency. Higher electron transport rate and RuBP concentration were recorded in IRAT10, H138, and H217 flag leaves. Retinoblastoma-related gene (OsRBR1), exerting effects on mesophyll cell density, can be used to modify leaf anatomy for improving leaf photosynthesis. Additionally, higher stomatal conductance and mesophyll conductance were also recorded in H138 and H217 than in Sasanishiki. Furthermore, we modeled mesophyll conductance through anatomical traits, and the results revealed that chloroplast thickness was the dominant factor restricting CO2 diffusion within mesophyll cells rather than cell wall thickness. Higher RuBP content accompanied by higher CO2 concentration within the carboxylation set in H138 and H217 flag leaves contributed to higher CO2 assimilation.
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15
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Yin X, Gu J, Dingkuhn M, Struik PC. A model-guided holistic review of exploiting natural variation of photosynthesis traits in crop improvement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3173-3188. [PMID: 35323898 PMCID: PMC9126731 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Breeding for improved leaf photosynthesis is considered as a viable approach to increase crop yield. Whether it should be improved in combination with other traits has not been assessed critically. Based on the quantitative crop model GECROS that interconnects various traits to crop productivity, we review natural variation in relevant traits, from biochemical aspects of leaf photosynthesis to morpho-physiological crop characteristics. While large phenotypic variations (sometimes >2-fold) for leaf photosynthesis and its underlying biochemical parameters were reported, few quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified, accounting for a small percentage of phenotypic variation. More QTL were reported for sink size (that feeds back on photosynthesis) or morpho-physiological traits (that affect canopy productivity and duration), together explaining a much greater percentage of their phenotypic variation. Traits for both photosynthetic rate and sustaining it during grain filling were strongly related to nitrogen-related traits. Much of the molecular basis of known photosynthesis QTL thus resides in genes controlling photosynthesis indirectly. Simulation using GECROS demonstrated the overwhelming importance of electron transport parameters, compared with the maximum Rubisco activity that largely determines the commonly studied light-saturated photosynthetic rate. Exploiting photosynthetic natural variation might significantly improve crop yield if nitrogen uptake, sink capacity, and other morpho-physiological traits are co-selected synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Junfei Gu
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | | | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Ozeki K, Miyazawa Y, Sugiura D. Rapid stomatal closure contributes to higher water use efficiency in major C4 compared to C3 Poaceae crops. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:188-203. [PMID: 35134220 PMCID: PMC9070804 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding water use characteristics of C3 and C4 crops is important for food security under climate change. Here, we aimed to clarify how stomatal dynamics and water use efficiency (WUE) differ in fluctuating environments in major C3 and C4 crops. Under high and low nitrogen conditions, we evaluated stomatal morphology and kinetics of stomatal conductance (gs) at leaf and whole-plant levels in controlled fluctuating light environments in four C3 and five C4 Poaceae species. We developed a dynamic photosynthesis model, which incorporates C3 and C4 photosynthesis models that consider stomatal dynamics, to evaluate the contribution of rapid stomatal opening and closing to photosynthesis and WUE. C4 crops showed more rapid stomatal opening and closure than C3 crops, which could be explained by smaller stomatal size and higher stomatal density in plants grown at high nitrogen conditions. Our model analysis indicated that accelerating the speed of stomatal closure in C3 crops to the level of C4 crops could enhance WUE up to 16% by reducing unnecessary water loss during low light periods, whereas accelerating stomatal opening only minimally enhanced photosynthesis. The present results suggest that accelerating the speed of stomatal closure in major C3 crops to the level of major C4 crops is a potential breeding target for the realization of water-saving agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Ozeki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Miyazawa
- Campus Planning Office, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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17
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Lei Z, Liu F, Wright IJ, Carriquí M, Niinemets Ü, Han J, Jia M, Atwell BJ, Cai X, Zhang W, Zhou Z, Zhang Y. Comparisons of photosynthetic and anatomical traits between wild and domesticated cotton. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:873-885. [PMID: 34153103 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm) is a crucial leaf trait contributing to the photosynthetic rate (AN). Plant domestication typically leads to an enhancement of AN that is often associated with profound anatomical modifications, but it is unclear which of these structural alterations influence gm. We analyzed the implication of domestication on leaf anatomy and its effect on gm in 26 wild and 31 domesticated cotton genotypes (Gossypium sp.) grown under field conditions. We found that domesticated genotypes had higher AN but similar gm to wild genotypes. Consistent with this, domestication did not translate into significant differences in the fraction of mesophyll occupied by intercellular air spaces (fias) or mesophyll and chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular air space (Sm/S and Sc/S, respectively). However, leaves of domesticated genotypes were significantly thicker, with larger but fewer mesophyll cells with thinner cell walls. Moreover, domesticated genotypes had higher cell wall conductance (gcw) but smaller cytoplasmic conductance (gcyt) than wild genotypes. It appears that domestication in cotton has not generally led to significant improvement in gm, in part because their thinner mesophyll cell walls (increasing gcw) compensate for their lower gcyt, itself due to larger distance between plasmalemma and chloroplast envelopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangying Lei
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Marc Carriquí
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Bag 55, 7001 Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jimei Han
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Soil and Crop Science Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Brian J Atwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China
| | - Wangfeng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China
| | - Yali Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
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18
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Zait Y, Ferrero‐Serrano Á, Assmann SM. The α subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein regulates mesophyll CO 2 conductance and drought tolerance in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2324-2338. [PMID: 34515342 PMCID: PMC9293471 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance gm determines CO2 diffusion rates from mesophyll intercellular air spaces to the chloroplasts and is an important factor limiting photosynthesis. Increasing gm in cultivated plants is a potential strategy to increase photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi ). The anatomy of the leaf and metabolic factors such as aquaporins and carbonic anhydrases have been identified as important determinants of gm . However, genes involved in the regulation and modulation of gm remain largely unknown. In this work, we investigated the role of heterotrimeric G proteins in gm and drought tolerance in rice d1 mutants, which harbor a null mutation in the Gα subunit gene, RGA1. d1 mutants in both cv Nipponbare and cv Taichung 65 exhibited increased gm , fostering improvement in photosynthesis, WUEi , and drought tolerance compared with wild-type. The increased surface area of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspaces and the reduced cell wall and chloroplast thickness in the d1 mutant are evident contributors to the increase in gm . Our results indicate that manipulation of heterotrimeric G protein signaling has the potential to improve crop WUEi and productivity under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Zait
- Biology DepartmentPenn State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Ángel Ferrero‐Serrano
- Biology DepartmentPenn State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Sarah M. Assmann
- Biology DepartmentPenn State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA16802USA
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19
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Mathan J, Singh A, Jathar V, Ranjan A. High photosynthesis rate in two wild rice species is driven by leaf anatomy mediating high Rubisco activity and electron transport rate. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7119-7135. [PMID: 34185840 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The importance of increasing photosynthetic efficiency for sustainable crop yield increases to feed the growing world population is well recognized. The natural genetic variation in leaf photosynthesis in crop plants is largely unexploited for increasing yield potential. The genus Oryza, including cultivated rice and wild relatives, offers tremendous genetic variability to explore photosynthetic differences and underlying biochemical, photochemical, and developmental traits. We quantified leaf photosynthesis and related physiological parameters for six cultivated and three wild rice genotypes, and identified photosynthetically efficient wild rice accessions. Fitting A/Ci curves and biochemical analyses showed that leaf photosynthesis in cultivated rice varieties IR 64 and Nipponbare was limited due to leaf nitrogen content, Rubisco activity, and electron transport rate compared with photosynthetically efficient wild rice accessions Oryza australiensis and Oryza latifolia. The selected wild rice accessions with high leaf photosynthesis per unit area had anatomical features such as larger mesophyll cells with more chloroplasts, fewer mesophyll cells between two adjacent veins, and higher mesophyll cell and chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular space. Our results show the existence of desirable variations in Rubisco activity, electron transport rate, and leaf anatomical features that could be targeted for increasing the photosynthetic efficiency of cultivated rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmaya Mathan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Anuradha Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vikram Jathar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Aashish Ranjan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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20
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Tang J, Sun B, Cheng R, Shi Z, Luo D, Liu S, Centritto M. The Effect of Low Irradiance on Leaf Nitrogen Allocation and Mesophyll Conductance to CO 2 in Seedlings of Four Tree Species in Subtropical China. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102213. [PMID: 34686021 PMCID: PMC8540425 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low light intensity can lead to a decrease in photosynthetic capacity. However, could N-fixing species with higher leaf N contents mitigate the effects of low light? Here, we exposed seedlings of Dalbergia odorifera and Erythrophleum fordii (N-fixing trees), and Castanopsis hystrix and Betula alnoides (non-N-fixing trees) to three irradiance treatments (100%, 40%, and 10% sunlight) to investigate the effects of low irradiance on leaf structure, leaf N allocation strategy, and photosynthetic physiological parameters in the seedlings. Low irradiance decreased the leaf mass per unit area, leaf N content per unit area (Narea), maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), maximum electron transport rate (Jmax), light compensation point, and light saturation point, and increased the N allocation proportion of light-harvesting components in all species. The studied tree seedlings changed their leaf structures, leaf N allocation strategy, and photosynthetic physiological parameters to adapt to low-light environments. N-fixing plants had a higher photosynthesis rate, Narea, Vcmax, and Jmax than non-N-fixing species under low irradiance and had a greater advantage in maintaining their photosynthetic rate under low-radiation conditions, such as under an understory canopy, in a forest gap, or when mixed with other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Tang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266525, China; (J.T.); (B.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (R.C.); (D.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Baodi Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266525, China; (J.T.); (B.S.)
| | - Ruimei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (R.C.); (D.L.); (S.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zuomin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (R.C.); (D.L.); (S.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Institute for Sustainable Pant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62888308
| | - Da Luo
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (R.C.); (D.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (R.C.); (D.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Institute for Sustainable Pant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy;
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21
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Qu Y, Sakoda K, Fukayama H, Kondo E, Suzuki Y, Makino A, Terashima I, Yamori W. Overexpression of both Rubisco and Rubisco activase rescues rice photosynthesis and biomass under heat stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2308-2320. [PMID: 33745135 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Global warming threatens food security by decreasing crop yields through damage to photosynthetic systems, especially Rubisco activation. We examined whether co-overexpression of Rubisco and Rubisco activase improves the photosynthetic and growth performance of rice under high temperatures. We grew three rice lines-the wild-type (WT), a Rubisco activase-overexpressing line (oxRCA) and a Rubisco- and Rubisco activase-co-overexpressing line (oxRCA-RBCS)-and analysed photosynthesis and biomass at 25 and 40°C. Compared with the WT, the Rubisco activase content was 153% higher in oxRCA and 138% higher in oxRCA-RBCS, and the Rubisco content was 27% lower in oxRCA and similar in oxRCA-RBCS. The CO2 assimilation rate (A) of WT was lower at 40°C than at 25°C, attributable to Rubisco deactivation by heat. On the other hand, that of oxRCA and oxRCA-RBCS was maintained at 40°C, resulting in higher A than WT. Notably, the dry weight of oxRCA-RBCS was 26% higher than that of WT at 40°C. These results show that increasing the Rubisco activase content without the reduction of Rubisco content could improve yield and sustainability in rice at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Qu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Institute for Sustainable Agri-ecosystem, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sakoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Institute for Sustainable Agri-ecosystem, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Eri Kondo
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Institute for Sustainable Agri-ecosystem, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Evans JR. Mesophyll conductance: walls, membranes and spatial complexity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1864-1876. [PMID: 33135193 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A significant resistance to CO2 diffusion is imposed by mesophyll tissue inside leaves. Mesophyll resistance, rm (or its reciprocal, mesophyll conductance, gm ), reduces the rate at which Rubisco can fix CO2 , increasing the water and nitrogen costs of carbon acquisition. gm varies in proportion to the surface area of chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspace per unit leaf area. It also depends on the thickness and effective porosity of the cell wall and the CO2 permeabilities of membranes. As no measurements exist for the effective porosity of mesophyll cell walls, and CO2 permeability values are too low to account for observed rates of CO2 assimilation, conclusions from modelling must be treated with caution. There is great variation in the mesophyll resistance per unit chloroplast area for a given cell wall thickness, which may reflect differences in effective porosity. While apparent gm can vary with CO2 and irradiance, the underlying conductance at the cellular level may remain unchanged. Dynamic changes in apparent gm arise for spatial reasons and because chloroplasts differ in their photosynthetic composition and operate in different light environments. Measurements of the temperature sensitivity of membrane CO2 permeability are urgently needed to explain variation in temperature responses of gm .
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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23
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Zhang L, Feng P, Deng Y, Yin W, Wan Y, Lei T, He G, Wang N. Decreased Vascular Bundle 1 affects mitochondrial and plant development in rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:13. [PMID: 33492479 PMCID: PMC7835275 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are vital regulators of plant growth and development, constitute the predominant source of ATP, and participate in multiple anabolic and catabolic metabolic pathways. But the mechanism by which dysfunctional mitochondria affect plant growth remains unknown, and more mitochondria-defective mutants need to be identified. RESULTS A mitochondria-defective mutant decreased vascular bundle 1 (dvb1) was isolated from rice mutant library mutagenized by EMS (ethylmethane sulfonate), which shows dwarfism, narrow leaves, short branches, few vascular bundles, and low fertility. Map-based cloning, genetic complementation, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that DVB1 encodes a structural protein classified in the Mic10 family and is required for the formation of cristae in mitochondria, and was primarily expressed in vascular bundles. The DVB1 protein is partially localized in the mitochondria and capable of forming dimers and polymers. Comparing with the wild type, disruption of amino acid metabolism and increased auxin synthesis were observed in dvb1 mutant which also showed increased sensitivity to the mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS DVB1 belongs to Mic10 family and DVB1 is partially localized in the mitochondria. Further studies indicated that DVB1 is important for mitochondrial and plant development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wuzhong Yin
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yingchun Wan
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guanghua He
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Application and Safety Control of Genetically Modified Crops, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Xu Y, Shang B, Peng J, Feng Z, Tarvainen L. Stomatal response drives between-species difference in predicted leaf water-use efficiency under elevated ozone. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116137. [PMID: 33272800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ozone-induced changes in the relationship between photosynthesis (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) vary among species, leading to inconsistent water use efficiency (WUE) responses to elevated ozone (O3). Thus, few vegetation models can accurately simulate the effects of O3 on WUE. Here, we conducted an experiment exposing two differently O3-sensitive species (Cotinus coggygria and Magnolia denudata) to five O3 concentrations and investigated the impact of O3 exposure on predicted WUE using a coupled An-gs model. We found that increases in stomatal O3 uptake caused linear reductions in the maximum rates of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport (Jmax) in both species. In addition, a negative linear correlation between O3-induced changes in the minimal gs of the stomatal model (g0) derived from the theory of optimal stomatal behavior and light-saturated photosynthesis was found in the O3-sensitive M. denudata. When the O3 dose-based responses of Vcmax and Jmax were included in a coupled An-gs model, simulated An under elevated O3 were in good agreement with observations in both species. For M. denudata, incorporating the O3 response of g0 into the coupled model further improved the accuracy of the simulated gs and WUE. In conclusion, the modified Vcmax, Jmax and g0 method presented here provides a foundation for improving the prediction for O3-induced changes in An, gs and WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Shang
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jinlong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gao L, Lu Z, Ding L, Xie K, Wang M, Ling N, Guo S. Anatomically induced changes in rice leaf mesophyll conductance explain the variation in photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency under contrasting nitrogen supply. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:527. [PMID: 33208102 PMCID: PMC7672947 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ratio of CO2 mesophyll conductance (gm) to Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) content has been suggested to positively affect photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). The anatomical basis of gm has been quantified, but information on the relationship between cell-level anatomies and PNUE is less advanced. Here, hydroponic experiments were conducted in rice plants supplied with ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) under three N levels (low, 0.71 mM; intermediate, 2.86 mM; high, 7.14 mM) to investigate the gas exchange parameters, leaf anatomical structure and PNUE. RESULTS The results showed a lower PNUE in plants supplied with high nitrogen and NH4+, which was positively correlated with the gm/Rubisco ratio. A one-dimensional within-leaf model revealed that the resistance to CO2 diffusion in the liquid phase (rliq) dominated the overall mesophyll resistance (rm), in which CO2 transfer resistance in the cell wall, cytoplasm and stroma were significantly affected by nitrogen supply. The chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular space (Sc) per Rubisco rather than the gm/Sc ratio was positively correlated with PNUE and was thus considered a key component influencing PNUE. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study emphasized that Sc was the most important anatomical trait in coordinating gm and PNUE with contrasting N supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kailiu Xie
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ning Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Perera-Castro AV, Waterman MJ, Turnbull JD, Ashcroft MB, McKinley E, Watling JR, Bramley-Alves J, Casanova-Katny A, Zuniga G, Flexas J, Robinson SA. It Is Hot in the Sun: Antarctic Mosses Have High Temperature Optima for Photosynthesis Despite Cold Climate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1178. [PMID: 32922412 PMCID: PMC7457050 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The terrestrial flora of Antarctica's frozen continent is restricted to sparse ice-free areas and dominated by lichens and bryophytes. These plants frequently battle sub-zero temperatures, extreme winds and reduced water availability; all influencing their ability to survive and grow. Antarctic mosses, however, can have canopy temperatures well above air temperature. At midday, canopy temperatures can exceed 15°C, depending on moss turf water content. In this study, the optimum temperature of photosynthesis was determined for six Antarctic moss species: Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Ceratodon purpureus, Chorisodontium aciphyllum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sanionia uncinata, and Schistidium antarctici collected from King George Island (maritime Antarctica) and/or the Windmill Islands, East Antarctica. Both chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange showed maximum values of electron transport rate occurred at canopy temperatures higher than 20°C. The optimum temperature for both net assimilation of CO2 and photoprotective heat dissipation of three East Antarctic species was 20-30°C and at temperatures below 10°C, mesophyll conductance did not significantly differ from 0. Maximum mitochondrial respiration rates occurred at temperatures higher than 35°C and were lower by around 80% at 5°C. Despite the extreme cold conditions that Antarctic mosses face over winter, the photosynthetic apparatus appears optimised to warm temperatures. Our estimation of the total carbon balance suggests that survival in this cold environment may rely on a capacity to maximize photosynthesis for brief periods during summer and minimize respiratory carbon losses in cold conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia V. Perera-Castro
- Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Melinda J. Waterman
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Johanna D. Turnbull
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael B. Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Ella McKinley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jennifer R. Watling
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Bramley-Alves
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelica Casanova-Katny
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal y Cambio Climático y Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales (NEA), Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gustavo Zuniga
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sharon A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Global Challenges Program, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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27
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Ye M, Zhang Z, Huang G, Xiong Z, Peng S, Li Y. High leaf mass per area Oryza genotypes invest more leaf mass to cell wall and show a low mesophyll conductance. AOB PLANTS 2020; 12:plaa028. [PMID: 32765824 PMCID: PMC7396964 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The intraspecific variations of leaf structure and anatomy in rice leaves and their impacts on gas diffusion are still unknown. Researches about the tradeoff between structural compositions and intracellular chemical components within rice leaves are still lacking. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the varietal differences in leaf structure and leaf chemical compositions, and the tradeoff between leaf structural tissues and intracellular chemical components in rice leaves. Leaf structure, leaf anatomy, leaf chemical composition concentrations and gas exchange parameters were measured on eight Oryza sativa L. genotypes to investigate the intraspecific variations in leaf structure and leaf anatomy and their impacts on gas exchange parameters, and to study the tradeoff between leaf structural compositions (cell wall compounds) and intracellular chemical components (non-structural carbohydrates, nitrogen, chlorophyll). Leaf thickness increased with leaf mass per area (LMA), while leaf density did not correlate with LMA. Mesophyll cell surface area exposed to intercellular airspace (IAS) per leaf area, the surface area of chloroplasts exposed to IAS and cell wall thickness increased with LMA. Cell wall compounds accounted for 71.5 % of leaf dry mass, while mass-based nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations decreased with LMA. Mesophyll conductance was negatively correlated with LMA and cell wall thickness. High LMA rice genotypes invest more leaf mass to cell wall and possess a low mesophyll conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Ye
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengcan Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guanjun Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuang Xiong
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
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28
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Zhu K, Wang A, Wu J, Yuan F, Guan D, Jin C, Zhang Y, Gong C. Effects of nitrogen additions on mesophyll and stomatal conductance in Manchurian ash and Mongolian oak. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10038. [PMID: 32572068 PMCID: PMC7308411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of plant CO2 diffusion conductances (mesophyll and stomatal conductances, gm and gsc) to soil drought has been widely studied, but few studies have investigated the effects of soil nitrogen addition levels on gm and gsc. In this study, we investigated the responses of gm and gsc of Manchurian ash and Mongolian oak to four soil nitrogen addition levels (control, low nitrogen, medium nitrogen and high nitrogen) and the changes in leaf anatomy and associated enzyme activities (aquaporin (AQP) and carbonic anhydrase (CA)). Both gm and gsc increased with the soil nitrogen addition levels for both species, but then decreased under the high nitrogen addition level, which primarily resulted from the enlargements in leaf and mesophyll cell thicknesses, mesophyll surface area exposed to intercellular space per unit leaf area and stomatal opening status with soil nitrogen addition. Additionally, the improvements in leaf N content and AQP and CA activities also significantly promoted gm and gsc increases. The addition of moderate levels of soil nitrogen had notably positive effects on CO2 diffusion conductance in leaf anatomy and physiology in Manchurian ash and Mongolian oak, but these positive effects were weakened with the addition of high levels of soil nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Anzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Fenghui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Dexin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Changjie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yushu Zhang
- The Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang, 110166, China
| | - Chunjuan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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29
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Xu Y, Shang B, Feng Z, Tarvainen L. Effect of elevated ozone, nitrogen availability and mesophyll conductance on the temperature responses of leaf photosynthetic parameters in poplar. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:484-497. [PMID: 32031641 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although ozone (O3) concentration and nitrogen (N) availability are well known to affect plant physiology, their impacts on the photosynthetic temperature response are poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by exposing seedlings of hybrid poplar clone '107' (Populous euramericana cv. '74/76') to elevated O3 (E-O3) and N availability variation in a factorial experiment. E-O3 decreased light-saturated net photosynthesis (Asat), mesophyll conductance (gm) and apparent maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax, based on intercellular CO2 concentration) but not actual Vcmax (based on chloroplast CO2 concentration) and increased respiration in light (Rd) at 25 °C. Nitrogen fertilization increased Asat, gm, Vcmax and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) and reduced Rd at 25 °C and the activation energy of actual Vcmax. No E-O3 or E-O3 x N interaction effects on the temperature response parameters were detected, simplifying the inclusion of O3 impacts on photosynthesis in vegetation models. gm peaked at 30 °C, apparent Vcmax and Jmax at 32-33 °C, while the optimum temperatures of actual Vcmax and Jmax exceeded the measured temperature range (15-35 °C). Ignoring gm would, thus, have resulted in mistakenly attributing the decrease in Asat at high temperatures to reduced biochemical capacity rather than to greater diffusion limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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30
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Yin X, van der Putten PEL, Belay D, Struik PC. Using photorespiratory oxygen response to analyse leaf mesophyll resistance. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 144:85-99. [PMID: 32040701 PMCID: PMC7113236 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Classical approaches to estimate mesophyll conductance ignore differences in resistance components for CO2 from intercellular air spaces (IAS) and CO2 from photorespiration (F) and respiration (Rd). Consequently, mesophyll conductance apparently becomes sensitive to (photo)respiration relative to net photosynthesis, (F + Rd)/A. This sensitivity depends on several hard-to-measure anatomical properties of mesophyll cells. We developed a method to estimate the parameter m (0 ≤ m ≤ 1) that lumps these anatomical properties, using gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements where (F + Rd)/A ratios vary. This method was applied to tomato and rice leaves measured at five O2 levels. The estimated m was 0.3 for tomato but 0.0 for rice, suggesting that classical approaches implying m = 0 work well for rice. The mesophyll conductance taking the m factor into account still responded to irradiance, CO2, and O2 levels, similar to response patterns of stomatal conductance to these variables. Largely due to different m values, the fraction of (photo)respired CO2 being refixed within mesophyll cells was lower in tomato than in rice. But that was compensated for by the higher fraction via IAS, making the total re-fixation similar for both species. These results, agreeing with CO2 compensation point estimates, support our method of effectively analysing mesophyll resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter E L van der Putten
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Belay
- Selale University, P.O. Box 245, Fiche, Ethiopia
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Li Y, Song X, Li S, Salter WT, Barbour MM. The role of leaf water potential in the temperature response of mesophyll conductance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1193-1205. [PMID: 31545519 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Variation in temperature (T) is usually accompanied by changes in leaf water potential (Ψleaf ), which may influence mesophyll conductance (gm ). However, the effects of Ψleaf on gm have not yet been considered in models of the gm response to temperature. Temperature responses of gm and Ψleaf and the response of gm to Ψleaf were studied in rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), and then an empirical model of Ψleaf was incorporated into an existing gm -T model. In wheat, Ψleaf was dramatically decreased with increasing T, whereas in rice Ψleaf was less sensitive or insensitive to T. Without taking Ψleaf into account, gm for wheat showed no response to T. However, at a given Ψleaf , gm was significantly higher at high temperature compared with low. After incorporating the function of Ψleaf into the gm -T model, we suggest that the gm -T relationship can be influenced by the activation and deactivation energy for membrane permeability, Ψleaf gradient between temperatures, and the sensitivity of gm to Ψleaf , below a threshold (Ψleaf,0 ). The data presented here suggest that Ψleaf plays an important role in the gm -T relationship and should be considered in future studies related to the temperature response of gm and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xin Song
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Si Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - William T Salter
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Margaret M Barbour
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2570, NSW, Australia
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Lundgren MR, Fleming AJ. Cellular perspectives for improving mesophyll conductance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:845-857. [PMID: 31854030 PMCID: PMC7065256 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
After entering the leaf, CO2 faces an intricate pathway to the site of photosynthetic fixation embedded within the chloroplasts. The efficiency of CO2 flux is hindered by a number of structural and biochemical barriers which, together, define the ease of flow of the gas within the leaf, termed mesophyll conductance. Previous authors have identified the key elements of this pathway, raising the prospect of engineering the system to improve CO2 flux and, thus, to increase leaf photosynthetic efficiency. In this review, we provide a perspective on the potential for improving the individual elements that contribute to this complex parameter. We lay particular emphasis on generation of the cellular architecture of the leaf which sets the initial boundaries of a number of mesophyll conductance parameters, incorporating an overview of the molecular transport processes which have been proposed as major facilitators of CO2 flux across structural boundaries along the pathway. The review highlights the research areas where future effort might be invested to increase our fundamental understanding of mesophyll conductance and leaf function and, consequently, to enable translation of these findings to improve the efficiency of crop photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J. Fleming
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldS10 2TNUK
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Morales F, Ancín M, Fakhet D, González-Torralba J, Gámez AL, Seminario A, Soba D, Ben Mariem S, Garriga M, Aranjuelo I. Photosynthetic Metabolism under Stressful Growth Conditions as a Bases for Crop Breeding and Yield Improvement. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E88. [PMID: 31936732 PMCID: PMC7020424 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased periods of water shortage and higher temperatures, together with a reduction in nutrient availability, have been proposed as major factors that negatively impact plant development. Photosynthetic CO2 assimilation is the basis of crop production for animal and human food, and for this reason, it has been selected as a primary target for crop phenotyping/breeding studies. Within this context, knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the response and acclimation of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation to multiple changing environmental conditions (including nutrients, water availability, and rising temperature) is a matter of great concern for the understanding of plant behavior under stress conditions, and for the development of new strategies and tools for enhancing plant growth in the future. The current review aims to analyze, from a multi-perspective approach (ranging across breeding, gas exchange, genomics, etc.) the impact of changing environmental conditions on the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus and, consequently, plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
- Dpto. Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), CSIC, Apdo. 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Ancín
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Dorra Fakhet
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Jon González-Torralba
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology, Dpto. Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Angie L. Gámez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Amaia Seminario
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - David Soba
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Sinda Ben Mariem
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Miguel Garriga
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
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Brunetti C, Gori A, Marino G, Latini P, Sobolev AP, Nardini A, Haworth M, Giovannelli A, Capitani D, Loreto F, Taylor G, Mugnozza GS, Harfouche A, Centritto M. Dynamic changes in ABA content in water-stressed Populus nigra: effects on carbon fixation and soluble carbohydrates. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:627-644. [PMID: 30715123 PMCID: PMC6821382 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hydraulic and chemical signals operate in tandem to regulate systemic plant responses to drought. Transport of abscisic acid (ABA) through the xylem and phloem from the root to shoot has been suggested to serve as the main signal of water deficit. There is evidence that ABA and its ABA-glycosyl-ester (ABA-GE) are also formed in leaves and stems through the chloroplastic 2-C-methylerythritol-5-phosphate (MEP) pathway. This study aimed to evaluate how hormonal and hydraulic signals contribute to optimize stomatal (gs), mesophyll (gm) and leaf hydraulic (Kleaf) conductance under well-watered and water-stressed conditions in Populus nigra (black poplar) plants. In addition, we assessed possible relationships between ABA and soluble carbohydrates within the leaf and stem. METHODS Plants were subjected to three water treatments: well-watered (WW), moderate stress (WS1) and severe stress (WS2). This experimental set-up enabled a time-course analysis of the response to water deficit at the physiological [leaf gas exchange, plant water relations, (Kleaf)], biochemical (ABA and its metabolite/catabolite quantification in xylem sap, leaves, wood, bark and roots) and molecular (gene expression of ABA biosynthesis) levels. KEY RESULTS Our results showed strong coordination between gs, gm and Kleaf under water stress, which reduced transpiration and increased intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEint). Analysis of gene expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) and ABA content in different tissues showed a general up-regulation of the biosynthesis of this hormone and its finely-tuned catabolism in response to water stress. Significant linear relationships were found between soluble carbohydrates and ABA contents in both leaves and stems, suggesting a putative function for this hormone in carbohydrate mobilization under severe water stress. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the tight regulation of the photosynthetic machinery by levels of ABA in different plants organs on a daily basis in both well-watered and water stress conditions to optimize WUEint and coordinate whole plant acclimation responses to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Brunetti
- Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Antonella Gori
- University of Florence, Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marino
- Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Paolo Latini
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anatoly P Sobolev
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo (Roma), Italy
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matthew Haworth
- Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Alessio Giovannelli
- Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Donatella Capitani
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo (Roma), Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy
| | - Gail Taylor
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, CA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Antoine Harfouche
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Gago J, Carriquí M, Nadal M, Clemente-Moreno MJ, Coopman RE, Fernie AR, Flexas J. Photosynthesis Optimized across Land Plant Phylogeny. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:947-958. [PMID: 31362860 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, few data were available on photosynthesis and its underlying mechanistically limiting factors in plants, other than crops and model species. Currently, a new large pool of data from extant representatives of basal terrestrial plant groups is emerging, allowing exploration of how photosynthetic capacity (Amax) increases from minimum values in bryophytes to maximum in tracheophytes, which is associated to an optimization of the balance between its limiting factors. From predominant mesophyll conductance limitation (lm) in bryophytes and lycophytes (fern allies) to stomatal conductance (ls) and lm colimitation in pteridophytes (ferns) and gymnosperms, a balanced colimitation by the three limitations is finally reached in angiosperms. We discuss the implications of this new knowledge for future biotechnological attempts to improve crop photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears / Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy -INAGEA, Carretera de Valldemossa, 07122, Palma, Spain.
| | - Marc Carriquí
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears / Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy -INAGEA, Carretera de Valldemossa, 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - Miquel Nadal
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears / Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy -INAGEA, Carretera de Valldemossa, 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - María José Clemente-Moreno
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears / Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy -INAGEA, Carretera de Valldemossa, 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - Rafael Eduardo Coopman
- Ecophysiology Laboratory for Forest Conservation, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alisdair Robert Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears / Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy -INAGEA, Carretera de Valldemossa, 07122, Palma, Spain.
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Mizokami Y, Sugiura D, Watanabe CKA, Betsuyaku E, Inada N, Terashima I. Elevated CO2-induced changes in mesophyll conductance and anatomical traits in wild type and carbohydrate-metabolism mutants of Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4807-4818. [PMID: 31056658 PMCID: PMC6760322 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Decreases in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance (gs), and mesophyll conductance (gm) are often observed under elevated CO2 conditions. However, which anatomical and/or physiological factors contribute to the decrease in gm is not fully understood. Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and carbon-metabolism mutants (gwd1, pgm1, and cfbp1) with different accumulation patterns of non-structural carbohydrates were grown at ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) CO2. Anatomical and physiological traits of leaves were measured to investigate factors causing the changes in gm and in the mesophyll resistance (expressed as the reciprocal of mesophyll conductance per unit chloroplast surface area facing to intercellular space, Sc/gm). When grown at elevated CO2, all the lines showed increases in cell wall mass, cell wall thickness, and starch content, but not in leaf thickness. gm measured at 800 ppm CO2 was significantly lower than at 400 ppm CO2 in all the lines. Changes in Sc/gm were associated with thicker cell walls rather than with excess starch content. The results indicate that the changes in gm and Sc/gm that occur in response to elevated CO2 are independent of non-structural carbohydrates, and the cell wall represents a greater limitation factor for gm than starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mizokami
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Aix Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chihiro K A Watanabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Betsuyaku
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriko Inada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Franco-Navarro JD, Rosales MA, Cubero-Font P, Calvo P, Álvarez R, Diaz-Espejo A, Colmenero-Flores JM. Chloride as a macronutrient increases water-use efficiency by anatomically driven reduced stomatal conductance and increased mesophyll diffusion to CO 2. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:815-831. [PMID: 31148340 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chloride (Cl- ) has been recently described as a beneficial macronutrient, playing specific roles in promoting plant growth and water-use efficiency (WUE). However, it is still unclear how Cl- could be beneficial, especially in comparison with nitrate (NO3- ), an essential source of nitrogen that shares with Cl- similar physical and osmotic properties, as well as common transport mechanisms. In tobacco plants, macronutrient levels of Cl- specifically reduce stomatal conductance (gs ) without a concomitant reduction in the net photosynthesis rate (AN ). As stomata-mediated water loss through transpiration is inherent in the need of C3 plants to capture CO2 , simultaneous increase in photosynthesis and WUE is of great relevance to achieve a sustainable increase in C3 crop productivity. Our results showed that Cl- -mediated stimulation of larger leaf cells leads to a reduction in stomatal density, which in turn reduces gs and water consumption. Conversely, Cl- improves mesophyll diffusion conductance to CO2 (gm ) and photosynthetic performance due to a higher surface area of chloroplasts exposed to the intercellular airspace of mesophyll cells, possibly as a consequence of the stimulation of chloroplast biogenesis. A key finding of this study is the simultaneous improvement of AN and WUE due to macronutrient Cl- nutrition. This work identifies relevant and specific functions in which Cl- participates as a beneficial macronutrient for higher plants, uncovering a sustainable approach to improve crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Franco-Navarro
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rosales
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paloma Cubero-Font
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 2 Place P. Viala, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Purificación Calvo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosario Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Diaz-Espejo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M Colmenero-Flores
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Avda Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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Yonemura S, Kodama N, Taniguchi Y, Ikawa H, Adachi S, Hanba YT. A high-performance system of multiple gas-exchange chambers with a laser spectrometer to estimate leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and mesophyll conductance. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:705-718. [PMID: 31363942 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct measurements of ecophysiological processes such as leaf photosynthesis are often hampered due to the excessive time required for gas-exchange measurements and the limited availability of multiple gas analyzers. Although recent advancements in commercially available instruments have improved the ability to take measurements more conveniently, the amount of time required for each plant sample to acclimate to chamber conditions has not been sufficiently reduced. Here we describe a system of multiple gas-exchange chambers coupled with a laser spectrometer that employs tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) to measure leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and mesophyll conductance. Using four gas-exchange chambers minimizes the time loss associated with acclimation for each leaf sample. System operation is semiautomatic, and leaf temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration can be regulated and monitored remotely by a computer system. The preliminary results with rice leaf samples demonstrated that the system is capable of high-throughput measurements, which is necessary to obtain better representativeness of the ecophysiological characteristics of plant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Yonemura
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8604, Japan.
| | - Naomi Kodama
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8604, Japan
- School of Human Science and Environment, Hyogo University, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-honcho, Himeji, 607-0092, Japan
| | - Yojiro Taniguchi
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ikawa
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Adachi
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuko T Hanba
- Faculty of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
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Han J, Lei Z, Zhang Y, Yi X, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Drought-introduced variability of mesophyll conductance in Gossypium and its relationship with leaf anatomy. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:873-887. [PMID: 30264467 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm ) is one of the major determinants of photosynthetic rate, for which it has an impact on crop yield. However, the regulatory mechanisms behind the decline in gm of cotton (Gossypium. spp) by drought are unclear. An upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotype and a pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense) genotype were used to determine the gas exchange parameters, leaf anatomical structure as well as aquaporin and carbonic anhydrase gene expression under well-watered and drought treatment conditions. In this study, the decrease of net photosynthetic rate (AN ) under drought conditions was related to a decline in gm and in stomatal conductance (gs ). gm and gs coordinate with each other to ensure optimum state of CO2 diffusion and achieve the balance of water and CO2 demand in the process of photosynthesis. Meanwhile, mesophyll limitations to photosynthesis are equally important to the stomatal limitations. Considering gm , its decline in cotton leaves under drought was mostly regulated by the chloroplast surface area exposed to leaf intercellular air spaces per leaf area (Sc /S) and might also be regulated by the expression of leaf CARBONIC ANHYDRASE (CA1). Meanwhile, cotton leaves can minimize the decrease in gm under drought by maintaining cell wall thickness (Tcw ). Our results indicated that modification of chloroplasts might be a target trait in future attempts to improve cotton drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimei Han
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zhangying Lei
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Xiaoping Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Wangfeng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
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Knauer J, Zaehle S, De Kauwe MG, Bahar NHA, Evans JR, Medlyn BE, Reichstein M, Werner C. Effects of mesophyll conductance on vegetation responses to elevated CO 2 concentrations in a land surface model. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1820-1838. [PMID: 30809890 PMCID: PMC6487956 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm ) is known to affect plant photosynthesis. However, gm is rarely explicitly considered in land surface models (LSMs), with the consequence that its role in ecosystem and large-scale carbon and water fluxes is poorly understood. In particular, the different magnitudes of gm across plant functional types (PFTs) are expected to cause spatially divergent vegetation responses to elevated CO2 concentrations. Here, an extensive literature compilation of gm across major vegetation types is used to parameterize an empirical model of gm in the LSM JSBACH and to adjust photosynthetic parameters based on simulated An - Ci curves. We demonstrate that an explicit representation of gm changes the response of photosynthesis to environmental factors, which cannot be entirely compensated by adjusting photosynthetic parameters. These altered responses lead to changes in the photosynthetic sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 concentrations which depend both on the magnitude of gm and the climatic conditions, particularly temperature. We then conducted simulations under ambient and elevated (ambient + 200 μmol/mol) CO2 concentrations for contrasting ecosystems and for historical and anticipated future climate conditions (representative concentration pathways; RCPs) globally. The gm -explicit simulations using the RCP8.5 scenario resulted in significantly higher increases in gross primary productivity (GPP) in high latitudes (+10% to + 25%), intermediate increases in temperate regions (+5% to + 15%), and slightly lower to moderately higher responses in tropical regions (-2% to +5%), which summed up to moderate GPP increases globally. Similar patterns were found for transpiration, but with a lower magnitude. Our results suggest that the effect of an explicit representation of gm is most important for simulated carbon and water fluxes in the boreal zone, where a cold climate coincides with evergreen vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Knauer
- Department of Biogeochemical IntegrationMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
- International Max Planck Research School for Global Biogeochemical Cycles (IMPRS gBGC)JenaGermany
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Department of Biogeochemical IntegrationMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
- Michael‐Stifel Center Jena for Data‐Driven and Simulation ScienceJenaGermany
| | - Martin G. De Kauwe
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes and the Climate Change Research CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Nur H. A. Bahar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant SciencesResearch School of Biology, Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - John R. Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant SciencesResearch School of Biology, Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Belinda E. Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityRichmondNSWAustralia
| | - Markus Reichstein
- Department of Biogeochemical IntegrationMax Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryJenaGermany
- Michael‐Stifel Center Jena for Data‐Driven and Simulation ScienceJenaGermany
| | - Christiane Werner
- Department of Ecosystem PhysiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
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Tang J, Sun B, Cheng R, Shi Z, Luo D, Liu S, Centritto M. Seedling leaves allocate lower fractions of nitrogen to photosynthetic apparatus in nitrogen fixing trees than in non-nitrogen fixing trees in subtropical China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208971. [PMID: 30830910 PMCID: PMC6398865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic-nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) is a useful trait to characterize leaf physiology and survival strategy. PNUE can also be considered as part of ‘leaf economics spectrum’ interrelated with leaf nutrient concentrations, photosynthesis and respiration, leaf life-span and dry-mass investment. However, few studies have paid attention to PNUE of N-fixing tree seedlings in subtropical China. In this study, we investigated the differences in PNUE, leaf nitrogen (N) allocation, and mesophyll conductance (gm) in Dalbergia odorifera and Erythrophleum fordii (N-fixing trees), and Betula alnoides and Castanopsis hystrix (non-N-fixing trees). PNUE of D. odorifera and E. fordii were significantly lower than those of B. alnoides and C. hystrix mainly because of their allocation of a lower fraction of leaf N to Rubisco (PR) and bioenergetics (PB). Mesophyll conductance had a significant positive correlation with PNUE in D. odorifera, E. fordii, and B. alnoides, but the effect of gm on PNUE was different between species. The fraction of leaf N to cell wall (PCW) had a significant negative correlation with PR in B. alnoides and C. hystrix seedling leaves, but no correlation in D. odorifera and E. fordii seedling leaves, which may indicate that B. alnoides and C. hystrix seedling leaves did not have enough N to satisfy the demand from both the cell wall and Rubisco. Our results indicate that B. alnoides and C. hystrix may have a higher competitive ability in natural ecosystems with fertile soil, and D. odorifera and E. fordii may grow well in N-poor soil. Mixing these non-N-fixing and N-fixing trees for afforestation is useful for improving soil N utilization efficiency in the tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Tang
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baodi Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruimei Cheng
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuomin Shi
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Tree and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Da Luo
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Economic Forestry, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Tree and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy
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Rao YV, Balakrishnan D, Addanki KR, Mesapogu S, Kiran TV, Subrahmanyam D, Neelamraju S, Voleti SR. Characterization of backcross introgression lines derived from Oryza nivara accessions for photosynthesis and yield. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1147-1164. [PMID: 30425431 PMCID: PMC6214435 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of photosynthetic traits is a promising strategy to break the yield potential barrier of major food crops. Leaf photosynthetic traits were evaluated in a set of high yielding Oryza sativa, cv. Swarna × Oryza nivara backcross introgression lines (BILs) along with recurrent parent Swarna, both in wet (Kharif) and dry (Rabi) seasons in normal irrigated field conditions. Net photosynthesis (P N) ranged from 15.37 to 23.25 µmol (CO2) m-2 s-1 in the BILs. Significant difference in P N was observed across the seasons and genotypes. Six BILs showed high photosynthesis compared with recurrent parent in both seasons. Chlorophyll content showed minimum variation across the seasons for any specific BIL but significant variation was observed among BILs. Significant positive association between photosynthetic traits and yield traits was observed, but this association was not consistent across seasons mainly due to contrasting weather parameters in both seasons. BILs 166s and 248s with high and consistent photosynthetic rate exhibited stable high yield levels in both the seasons compared to the recurrent parent Swarna. There is scope to exploit photosynthetic efficiency of wild and weedy rice to identify genes for improvement of photosynthetic rate in cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Divya Balakrishnan
- ICAR- National Professor Project, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishnam Raju Addanki
- ICAR- National Professor Project, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sukumar Mesapogu
- ICAR- National Professor Project, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Thuraga Vishnu Kiran
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Crop Physiology, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Desiraju Subrahmanyam
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Crop Physiology, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sarla Neelamraju
- ICAR- National Professor Project, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sitapathi Rao Voleti
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Crop Physiology, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
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Ellsworth PV, Ellsworth PZ, Koteyeva NK, Cousins AB. Cell wall properties in Oryza sativa influence mesophyll CO 2 conductance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:66-76. [PMID: 29676468 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion of CO2 from the leaf intercellular air space to the site of carboxylation (gm ) is a potential trait for increasing net rates of CO2 assimilation (Anet ), photosynthetic efficiency, and crop productivity. Leaf anatomy plays a key role in this process; however, there are few investigations into how cell wall properties impact gm and Anet . Online carbon isotope discrimination was used to determine gm and Anet in Oryza sativa wild-type (WT) plants and mutants with disruptions in cell wall mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) production (CslF6 knockouts) under high- and low-light growth conditions. Cell wall thickness (Tcw ), surface area of chloroplast exposed to intercellular air spaces (Sc ), leaf dry mass per area (LMA), effective porosity, and other leaf anatomical traits were also analyzed. The gm of CslF6 mutants decreased by 83% relative to the WT, with c. 28% of the reduction in gm explained by Sc . Although Anet /LMA and Anet /Chl partially explained differences in Anet between genotypes, the change in cell wall properties influenced the diffusivity and availability of CO2 . The data presented here indicate that the loss of MLG in CslF6 plants had an impact on gm and demonstrate the importance of cell wall effective porosity and liquid path length on gm .
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia V Ellsworth
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Patrick Z Ellsworth
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Nuria K Koteyeva
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
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Fernández-San Millán A, Aranjuelo I, Douthe C, Nadal M, Ancín M, Larraya L, Farran I, Flexas J, Veramendi J. Physiological performance of transplastomic tobacco plants overexpressing aquaporin AQP1 in chloroplast membranes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3661-3673. [PMID: 29912355 PMCID: PMC6022695 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The leaf mesophyll CO2 conductance and the concentration of CO2 within the chloroplast are major factors affecting photosynthetic performance. Previous studies have shown that the aquaporin NtAQP1 (which localizes to the plasma membrane and chloroplast inner envelope membrane) is involved in CO2 permeability in the chloroplast. Levels of NtAQP1 in plants genetically engineered to overexpress the protein correlated positively with leaf mesophyll CO2 conductance and photosynthetic rate. In these studies, the nuclear transformation method used led to changes in NtAQP1 levels in the plasma membrane and the chloroplast inner envelope membrane. In the present work, NtAQP1 levels were increased up to 16-fold in the chloroplast membranes alone by the overexpression of NtAQP1 from the plastid genome. Despite the high NtAQP1 levels achieved, transplastomic plants showed lower photosynthetic rates than wild-type plants. This result was associated with lower Rubisco maximum carboxylation rate and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration. Transplastomic plants showed reduced mesophyll CO2 conductance but no changes in chloroplast CO2 concentration. The absence of differences in chloroplast CO2 concentration was associated with the lower CO2 fixation activity of the transplastomic plants. These findings suggest that non-functional pores of recombinant NtAQP1 may be produced in the chloroplast inner envelope membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Fernández-San Millán
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC), Departamento de Producción Agraria, Campus Arrosadía, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC), Departamento de Producción Agraria, Campus Arrosadía, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cyril Douthe
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Miquel Nadal
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - María Ancín
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC), Departamento de Producción Agraria, Campus Arrosadía, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Larraya
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC), Departamento de Producción Agraria, Campus Arrosadía, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Farran
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC), Departamento de Producción Agraria, Campus Arrosadía, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jon Veramendi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC), Departamento de Producción Agraria, Campus Arrosadía, Pamplona, Spain
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Bahamonde HA, Gil L, Fernández V. Surface Properties and Permeability to Calcium Chloride of Fagus sylvatica and Quercus petraea Leaves of Different Canopy Heights. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:494. [PMID: 29720987 PMCID: PMC5915543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant surfaces have a considerable degree of chemical and physical variability also in relation to different environmental conditions, organs and state of development. The potential changes on plant surface properties in association with environmental variations have been little explored so far. Using two model tree species (i.e., Quercus petraea, sessile oak and Fagus sylvatica, beech) growing in 'Montejo de la Sierra Forest,' we examined various traits of the abaxial and adaxial surface of leaves of both species collected at a height of approximately 15 m (top canopy), versus 3.5-5.5 m for beech and sessile oak, lower canopy leaves. Leaf surface ultra-structure was analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and the surface free energy and related parameter were estimated after measuring drops of 3 liquids with different degrees of polarity and apolarity. The permeability of the adaxial and abaxial surface of top and bottom canopy leaves to CaCl2 was estimated by depositing 2 drops of 3-4 μl per cm2 and comparing the concentration of Ca in leaf tissues 24 h after treatment, and also Ca and Cl concentrations in the washing liquid. Higher Ca concentrations were recorded after the application of CaCl2 drops onto the veins and adaxial blade of top canopy beech leaves, while no significant evidence for foliar Ca absorption was gained with sessile oak leaves. Surprisingly, high amounts of Cl were recovered after washing untreated, top canopy beach and sessile oak leaves with deionised water, a phenomenon which was not traced to occur on lower canopy leaves of both species. It is concluded that the surface of the two species analyzed is heterogeneous in nature and may have areas favoring the absorption of water and solutes as observed for the veins of beech leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor A. Bahamonde
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Natural Resources, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Río Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Fernández
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Cai C, Li G, Yang H, Yang J, Liu H, Struik PC, Luo W, Yin X, Di L, Guo X, Jiang W, Si C, Pan G, Zhu J. Do all leaf photosynthesis parameters of rice acclimate to elevated CO 2 , elevated temperature, and their combination, in FACE environments? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1685-1707. [PMID: 29076597 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Leaf photosynthesis of crops acclimates to elevated CO2 and temperature, but studies quantifying responses of leaf photosynthetic parameters to combined CO2 and temperature increases under field conditions are scarce. We measured leaf photosynthesis of rice cultivars Changyou 5 and Nanjing 9108 grown in two free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) systems, respectively, installed in paddy fields. Each FACE system had four combinations of two levels of CO2 (ambient and enriched) and two levels of canopy temperature (no warming and warmed by 1.0-2.0°C). Parameters of the C3 photosynthesis model of Farquhar, von Caemmerer and Berry (the FvCB model), and of a stomatal conductance (gs ) model were estimated for the four conditions. Most photosynthetic parameters acclimated to elevated CO2 , elevated temperature, and their combination. The combination of elevated CO2 and temperature changed the functional relationships between biochemical parameters and leaf nitrogen content for Changyou 5. The gs model significantly underestimated gs under the combination of elevated CO2 and temperature by 19% for Changyou 5 and by 10% for Nanjing 9108 if no acclimation was assumed. However, our further analysis applying the coupled gs -FvCB model to an independent, previously published FACE experiment showed that including such an acclimation response of gs hardly improved prediction of leaf photosynthesis under the four combinations of CO2 and temperature. Therefore, the typical procedure that crop models using the FvCB and gs models are parameterized from plants grown under current ambient conditions may not result in critical errors in projecting productivity of paddy rice under future global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Cai
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaheng Yang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Weihong Luo
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lijun Di
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuanhe Guo
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyu Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanfei Si
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Genxing Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Tang J, Cheng R, Shi Z, Xu G, Liu S, Centritto M. Fagaceae tree species allocate higher fraction of nitrogen to photosynthetic apparatus than Leguminosae in Jianfengling tropical montane rain forest, China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192040. [PMID: 29390007 PMCID: PMC5794133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in photosynthetic-nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) is generally affected by several factors such as leaf nitrogen allocation and leaf diffusional conductances to CO2, although it is still unclear which factors significantly affect PNUE in tropical montane rain forest trees. In this study, comparison of PNUE, photosynthetic capacity, leaf nitrogen allocation, and diffusional conductances to CO2 between five Fagaceae tree species and five Leguminosae tree species were analyzed in Jianfengling tropical montane rain forest, Hainan Island, China. The result showed that PNUE of Fagaceae was significantly higher than that of Leguminosae (+35.5%), attributed to lower leaf nitrogen content per area (Narea, -29.4%). The difference in nitrogen allocation was the main biochemical factor that influenced interspecific variation in PNUE of these tree species. Fagaceae species allocated a higher fraction of leaf nitrogen to the photosynthetic apparatus (PP, +43.8%), especially to Rubisco (PR, +50.0%) and bioenergetics (PB +33.3%) in comparison with Leguminosae species. Leaf mass per area (LMA) of Leguminosae species was lower than that of Fagaceae species (-15.4%). While there was no significant difference shown for mesophyll conductance (gm), Fagaceae tree species may have greater chloroplast to total leaf surface area ratios and that offset the action of thicker cell walls on gm. Furthermore, weak negative relationship between nitrogen allocation in cell walls and in Rubisco was found for Castanopsis hystrix, Cyclobalanopsis phanera and Cy. patelliformis, which might imply that nitrogen in the leaves was insufficient for both Rubisco and cell walls. In summary, our study concluded that higher PNUE might contribute to the dominance of most Fagaceae tree species in Jianfengling tropical montane rain forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Tang
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Ruimei Cheng
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuomin Shi
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Tree and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gexi Xu
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Tree and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy
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48
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Flexas J, Cano FJ, Carriquí M, Coopman RE, Mizokami Y, Tholen D, Xiong D. CO2 Diffusion Inside Photosynthetic Organs. THE LEAF: A PLATFORM FOR PERFORMING PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93594-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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49
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Szareski VJ, Carvalho IR, da Rosa TC, Dellagostin SM, de Pelegrin AJ, Barbosa MH, dos Santos OP, Muraro DS, de Souza VQ, Pedó T, Aumonde TZ, Pegoraro C. <i>Oryza</i> Wild Species: An Alternative for Rice Breeding under Abiotic Stress Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2018.96083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Ouyang W, Struik PC, Yin X, Yang J. Stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, and transpiration efficiency in relation to leaf anatomy in rice and wheat genotypes under drought. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5191-5205. [PMID: 28992130 PMCID: PMC5853379 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing leaf transpiration efficiency (TE) may provide leads for growing rice like dryland cereals such as wheat (Triticum aestivum). To explore avenues for improving TE in rice, variations in stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm) and their anatomical determinants were evaluated in two cultivars from each of lowland, aerobic, and upland groups of Oryza sativa, one cultivar of O. glaberrima, and two cultivars of T. aestivum, under three water regimes. The TE of upland rice, O. glaberrima, and wheat was more responsive to the gm/gs ratio than that of lowland and aerobic rice. Overall, the explanatory power of the particular anatomical trait varied among species. Low stomatal density mostly explained the low gs in drought-tolerant rice, whereas rice genotypes with smaller stomata generally responded more strongly to drought. Compared with rice, wheat had a higher gm, which was associated with thicker mesophyll tissue, mesophyll and chloroplasts more exposed to intercellular spaces, and thinner cell walls. Upland rice, O. glaberrima, and wheat cultivars minimized the decrease in gm under drought by maintaining high ratios of chloroplasts to exposed mesophyll cell walls. Rice TE could be improved by increasing the gm/gs ratio via modifying anatomical traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ouyang
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jianchang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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