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Sanjulian L, Lamas A, Barreiro R, Martínez I, García-Alonso L, Cepeda A, Fente C, Regal P. Investigating the Dietary Impact on Trans-Vaccenic Acid (Trans-C18:1 n-7) and Other Beneficial Fatty Acids in Breast Milk and Infant Formulas. Foods 2024; 13:2164. [PMID: 39063248 PMCID: PMC11275335 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal diet plays a significant role in the fatty acid composition of breast milk. Dietary products such as milk and meat are the primary sources of natural TFAs for humans. These peculiar fatty acids hold nutritional significance as they not only lack the detrimental effects of industrially produced trans fats on the endothelium characteristic, but they also exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. The relationship between the presence of eight fatty acids in breast milk (including natural TFAs trans-vaccenic and conjugated linoleic acid) and the maternal diet has been explored, and their abundance has been compared to that of infant formulas. Two cohorts of lactating women, originating from a Spanish region, participated in this study; they adhered to the Southern European Atlantic diet or the Atlantic diet. While the consumption of conventional meat or dairy products does not seem to increase the abundance of TFAs in breast milk, trans-vaccenic and oleic acid are among the most distinctive features of breast milk fat in mothers consuming naturally improved dairy products with an improved fatty acid profile. The most significant differences between natural breastfeeding and formula feeding lie in natural TFAs, since formulas are notably deficient in natural TFAs while being overfortified in alpha-linolenic acid in comparison to breast milk. We suggest an improvement in the formulation of these products through using cow's milk with an optimal fatty acid profile that better mimics the fatty acid composition found in human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanjulian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (L.S.); (A.L.); (R.B.); (A.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (L.S.); (A.L.); (R.B.); (A.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Rocío Barreiro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (L.S.); (A.L.); (R.B.); (A.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Ismael Martínez
- Feiraco Sociedade Cooperativa Galega, Ponte Maceira s/n, 15864 Ames, Spain;
| | | | - Alberto Cepeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (L.S.); (A.L.); (R.B.); (A.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Cristina Fente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (L.S.); (A.L.); (R.B.); (A.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Patricia Regal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (L.S.); (A.L.); (R.B.); (A.C.); (P.R.)
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Hatem O, Kaçar ÖF, Kaçar HK, Szentpéteri JL, Marosvölgyi T, Szabó É. Trans isomeric fatty acids in human milk and their role in infant health and development. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1379772. [PMID: 38515522 PMCID: PMC10954868 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1379772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) play an important role in neurodevelopment in the perinatal life. The most important source of these fatty acids is the diet, however, they can also be formed in the human body from their shorter chain precursors, the essential fatty acids. Since the WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months after birth, the exclusive source of these fatty acids for breastfed infants is human milk, which can be influenced by the mother's diet. Unsaturated fatty acids can have either cis or trans configuration double bond in their chain with distinct physiological effects. Cis isomeric unsaturated fatty acids have several beneficial effects, while trans isomers are mostly detrimental, because of their similar structure to saturated fatty acids. Trans fatty acids (TFAs) can be further subdivided into industrial (iTFA) and ruminant-derived trans fatty acids (rTFA). However, the physiological effects of these two TFA subgroups may differ. In adults, dietary intake of iTFA has been linked to atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, obesity, chronic inflammation, and increased development of certain cancers, among other diseases. However, iTFAs can have a negative impact on health not only in adulthood but in childhood too. Results from previous studies have shown that iTFAs have a significant negative effect on LCPUFA levels in the blood of newborns and infants. In addition, iTFAs can affect the growth and development of infants, and animal studies suggest that they might even have lasting negative effects later in life. Since the only source of TFAs in the human body is the diet, the TFA content of breast milk may determine the TFA supply of breastfed infants and thus affect the levels of LCPUFAs important for neurodevelopment and the health of infants. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the TFA content in human milk available in the literature and their potential effects on infant health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okba Hatem
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ömer Furkan Kaçar
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hüsna Kaya Kaçar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, Amasya, Türkiye
| | - József L. Szentpéteri
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Marosvölgyi
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Mitguard S, Doucette O, Miklavcic J. Human milk polyunsaturated fatty acids are related to neurodevelopmental, anthropometric, and allergic outcomes in early life: a systematic review. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:763-772. [PMID: 38254254 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids are critically important for newborn nutrition and in the trajectory of growth and developmental processes throughout early life. This systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023400059) critically analyzes literature pertaining to how omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in human milk are related to health outcomes in early life. Literature selected for the review were published between 2005 and 2020 and included assessments in healthy term children between 0 and 5 years of age. The studies reported the relation between human milk fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3, EPA), alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3, ALA), arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6, AA), and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6, LA) with three domains of health outcomes: neurodevelopment, body composition, and allergy, skin & eczema. Results from the 21 studies consistently suggested better health outcomes across the three domains for infants consuming milk with higher concentrations of total n-3, DHA, EPA, and ALA. Negative health outcomes across the three domains were associated with higher levels of total n-6, AA, and LA in milk. N-3 and n-6 content of milk were related to neurodevelopmental, body composition, and allergy, skin & eczema outcomes with moderate certainty. Maternal diet impacting milk fatty acid content and fatty acid desaturase genotype modifying physiologic responses to fatty acid intake were prominent gaps identified in the review using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies and GRADE approach. This research study can inform baby nutrition product development, and fatty acid intake recommendations or dietary interventions for mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Mitguard
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Doucette
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - John Miklavcic
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
- School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
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Lee JS, Shin JI, Kim S, Choi YS, Shin YH, Hwang J, Shin JU, Koyanagi A, Jacob L, Smith L, Jeong HE, Noh Y, Oh IS, Rhee SY, Min C, Cho SH, Turner S, Fond G, Boyer L, Suh DI, Acharya KP, Shin JY, Lee SW, Yon DK. Breastfeeding and impact on childhood hospital admissions: a nationwide birth cohort in South Korea. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5819. [PMID: 37730734 PMCID: PMC10511528 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Benefits of breastfeeding for both the mother and the child are well established, but a comprehensive and robust study to investigate the protective effect of breastfeeding and attenuated time effect stratified by cause of morbidity are lacking. This study is based on the nationwide birth cohort in Korea that includes data on all infants born from 2009 to 2015. Of 1,608,540 children, the median follow-up period was 8.41 years (interquartile range, 6.76-10.06). When compared to children with fully formula feeding, the hospital admission rate was 12% lower in those with partially breastfeeding and 15% lower in those with exclusive breastfeeding. The apparent protective effect of breastfeeding was reduced with increasing age. Our study provides potential evidence of the beneficial association of breastfeeding on subsequent hospital admissions. The protective effect declined over time as the children grew older. Encouraging any breastfeeding for at least the first 6 months among infants is an important public health strategy to improve overall child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Seon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyeup Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Hwang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jung U Shin
- Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Han Eol Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunha Noh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Deparments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - In-Sun Oh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Deparments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyang Min
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Steve Turner
- Maternity and Child Health Division, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Guillaume Fond
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ju-Young Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ordnung M, Mank M, Stahl B, Kurz D, Marosvölgyi T, Decsi T, Rothenbacher D, Genuneit J, Siziba LP. Potential sex differences in human milk fatty acids and their association with atopic dermatitis: Results of the Ulm SPATZ health study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13992. [PMID: 37492919 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in human milk are essential in immune system maturation and might play a role in the development of allergic conditions, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants. Immune system responses are modulated by sex, but data on the sex-specific associations with PUFAs are limited. We therefore explored sex-specific differences in human milk PUFAs and their association with AD up to 2 years. METHODS PUFAs were measured in human milk samples from the Ulm SPATZ Health Study at 6 weeks (n = 512) and 6 months (n = 367). Associations with AD up to 2 years were evaluated using crude and multivariable logistic regression. Interactions between infant sex and PUFAs were explored by including the product term. RESULTS No significant associations were observed with 6-week data. At 6 months, the median relative proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was significantly higher in milk for female than male infants (p = .001). Female infants whose milk was lower in quintile proportions of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) at 6 months had lower odds of AD compared to males [first vs. fifth quintile OR (95% confidence interval): 0.13 (0.02, 0.66), p = .02]. This interaction was not significant when correcting for multiple testing (α threshold: p = .004). No other statistically significant associations were observed. CONCLUSION Individual quintile PUFA proportions in human milk were not associated with AD, overall and in a sex-specific manner. More comprehensive and statistically powered longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether potential sex differences in human milk, if any, could be of clinical relevance for infants including the investigation of mediating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Ordnung
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marko Mank
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Kurz
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamas Marosvölgyi
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamas Decsi
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dietrich Rothenbacher
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Child and Youth Health (DZKJ), Germany
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- German Center for Child and Youth Health (DZKJ), Germany
| | - Linda P Siziba
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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van Brakel L, Thijs C, Mensink RP, Lütjohann D, Plat J. Non-Cholesterol Sterols in Breast Milk and Risk of Allergic Outcomes in the First Two Years of Life. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040766. [PMID: 35215415 PMCID: PMC8874767 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore associations between non-cholesterol sterol concentrations in breast milk and allergic outcomes in children aged two. Data from the KOALA Birth Cohort Study, the Netherlands, were used. Non-cholesterol sterols were analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in breast milk sampled one-month postpartum (N = 311). Sterols were selected for each allergic outcome, i.e., eczema, wheeze, and allergic sensitization, prior to analyses. Associations between the selected sterols with allergic outcomes were analyzed using multiple logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs). The odds of eczema in the first two years of life were lower with higher concentrations of cholestanol (OR (95%CI): 0.98 (0.95; 1.00), p = 0.04), lanosterol (0.97 (0.95; 1.00), p = 0.02), lathosterol (0.93 (0.87; 0.99), p = 0.02), and stigmasterol (0.51 (0.29; 0.91), p = 0.02) in breast milk sampled one-month postpartum. None of the sterols were associated with wheeze in the first two years of life. The odds of allergic sensitization at age two were lower with higher concentrations of campesterol in breast milk (OR (95%CI): 0.81 (0.70; 0.95), p = 0.01). In conclusion, our data suggest that exposure to higher non-cholesterol sterol concentrations in breast milk may indeed be associated with the prevention of allergic outcomes in the first two years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve van Brakel
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.v.B.); (R.P.M.)
| | - Carel Thijs
- Department of Epidemiology, CaPHRI (Care and Public Health Research Institute), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Ronald P. Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.v.B.); (R.P.M.)
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (L.v.B.); (R.P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-43-388-1309
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Trans Fatty Acids in Human Milk in Latvia: Association with Dietary Habits during the Lactation Period. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092967. [PMID: 34578845 PMCID: PMC8466039 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human milk fatty acid, including trans fatty acid, composition is predominantly affected by the maternal diet. The aim of this research was to determine the trans fatty acid level in human milk among lactating women in Latvia, and to evaluate how maternal dietary habits affect the trans fatty acid composition of human milk. In total, 70 lactating women participated in this cross-sectional study. A 72-hour food diary and food frequency questionnaire were used to evaluate maternal dietary habits. Different trans fatty acids in human milk samples were determined using gas chromatography (Agilent 6890N, Agilent Technologies Incorporated, the United States). Overall, the dietary intake of trans fatty acids among the participants was 0.54 ± 0.79 g per day. The total trans fatty acid level in the human milk samples was 2.30% ± 0.60%. The composition of trans fatty acids found in human milk was associated with maternal dietary habits. Higher elaidic acid, vaccenic acid and total trans fatty acid levels in human milk were found among participants with a higher milk and dairy product intake. Meat and meat product intake were associated with a higher vaccenic acid and total trans fatty acid levels in human milk. A moderate association was also established between maternal trans fatty acid intake and the total trans fatty acid level in human milk. The obtained correlations indicate that maternal dietary habits during lactation can impact the composition of trans fatty acids found in human milk.
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Miliku K, Richelle J, Becker AB, Simons E, Moraes TJ, Stuart TE, Mandhane PJ, Sears MR, Subbarao P, Field CJ, Azad MB. Sex-specific associations of human milk long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and infant allergic conditions. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1173-1182. [PMID: 33711184 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may influence immune development. We examined the association of PUFAs in human milk with food sensitization and atopic dermatitis among breastfed infants. METHODS In a selected subgroup of 1109 mother-infant dyads from the CHILD Cohort Study, human milk was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography to quantify PUFAs including arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). At 1 year of age, food sensitization was determined by skin-prick testing for egg, peanut, cow's milk, and soybean, and atopic dermatitis was diagnosed by pediatricians. Logistic regression analyses controlled for breastfeeding exclusivity, family history of atopy, and other potential confounders. RESULTS Overall, 184 infants (17%) were sensitized to one or more food allergens and 160 (14%) had atopic dermatitis. Sex-specific associations were observed between these conditions and milk PUFAs. Girls receiving human milk with lower proportions of DHA had lower odds of food sensitization (aOR 0.35; 95% CI 0.12, 0.99 for lowest vs highest quintile), and a clear dose-dependent association was observed for the ARA/DHA ratio (aOR 2.98; 95% CI 1.10, 8.06 for lowest vs highest quintile). These associations were not seen in boys. Similar sex-specific tendencies were observed for atopic dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS Human milk PUFA proportions and their ratios are associated with infant atopic conditions in a sex-specific manner. In female infants, a higher ratio of ARA/DHA may reduce the risk of food sensitization and atopic dermatitis. Further research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance of this sex-specific association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozeta Miliku
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Richelle
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Elinor Simons
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Turvey E Stuart
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Malcolm R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Simões-Wüst AP, Moltó-Puigmartí C, van Dongen MCJM, Thijs C. Organic food use, meat intake, and prevalence of gestational diabetes: KOALA birth cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4463-4472. [PMID: 34089368 PMCID: PMC8572217 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate whether consumption of organic food and reduced intake of meat products in pregnancy are associated with lower prevalence of gestational diabetes (GD). Methods Women participating in the KOALA Birth Cohort Study with valid informed consent, a singleton pregnancy and information on their food intake were considered in this cross-sectional analysis. Participants with and without GD were compared with each other in terms of dietary characteristics (n = 37 and n = 2766, respectively). Multivariable logistic regression (LR) was used to adjust for relevant covariates. Results Organic food consumption tended to be lower, although not significantly, in women with GD compared to women without GD, whereas consumption of meat was positively associated with GD prevalence. LR modelling showed that GD was significantly associated with higher consumption of meat and, in addition, also of cheese, after adjustment for other relevant covariates. GD was associated with some indicators of animal product intake, namely dietary animal to plant protein ratio and maternal plasma arachidonic acid (for the latter, data available for n = 16 and n = 1304, respectively). Food patterns of participants with GD were characterised by more meat products and less vegetarian products. Conclusions Due to the low number of participants with GD, results have to be interpreted cautiously. Consumption of organic food during pregnancy does not seem to be markedly associated with a lower GD prevalence; lower intake of meat and cheese, irrespective of its origin (organic or conventional), does. The latter supports previous studies suggesting a causal association between consumption of animal products and GD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02601-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Simões-Wüst
- Research Department, Clinic Arlesheim, Arlesheim, Switzerland. .,Department of Obstetrics, Zurich University Hospital, Schmelzbergstrasse 12/PF 125, Path G51a, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Carolina Moltó-Puigmartí
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martien C J M van Dongen
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carel Thijs
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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10
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Maternal Intake of Cow's Milk during Lactation Is Associated with Lower Prevalence of Food Allergy in Offspring. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123680. [PMID: 33260602 PMCID: PMC7761074 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation may affect the propensity of the child to develop an allergy. The aim was to assess and compare the dietary intake of pregnant and lactating women, validate it with biomarkers, and to relate these data to physician-diagnosed allergy in the offspring at 12 months of age. Maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation was assessed by repeated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires in a prospective Swedish birth cohort (n = 508). Fatty acid proportions were measured in maternal breast milk and erythrocytes. Allergy was diagnosed at 12 months of age by a pediatrician specialized in allergy. An increased maternal intake of cow's milk during lactation, confirmed with biomarkers (fatty acids C15:0 and C17:0) in the maternal blood and breast milk, was associated with a lower prevalence of physician-diagnosed food allergy by 12 months of age. Intake of fruit and berries during lactation was associated with a higher prevalence of atopic eczema at 12 months of age. Our results suggest that maternal diet modulates the infant's immune system, thereby influencing subsequent allergy development.
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11
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The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Topical Application of Human Milk in Dermal and Optical Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4578153. [PMID: 32774417 PMCID: PMC7396075 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4578153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Methods The various datasets including Ovid, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Magiran, Irandoc, SID, and IranMedex were searched from 1990 to 2018. From the 119 reviewed articles, 20 articles were selected to be included in the current article. Results There is a consensus among the literature and ancient texts regarding the effectiveness of THM in curing the various types of skin damages, such as cord separation, atopic dermatitis, diaper dermatitis, conjunctivitis, scratches, insect bite, perineal ulcer, and nipple ulcer. However, the importance of its application has not been given much attention. Conclusion According to the information obtained from the articles reviewed, the THM appears to be an effective, safe, and available treatment compared to conventional chemical treatments. This study suggests THM as an alternative remedy to minimize the frequent use of chemical-based treatments. More research may be beneficial to reach certainty in terms of curative properties of THM in similar or different injuries in different populations.
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12
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Stinson LF, Gay MCL, Koleva PT, Eggesbø M, Johnson CC, Wegienka G, du Toit E, Shimojo N, Munblit D, Campbell DE, Prescott SL, Geddes DT, Kozyrskyj AL. Human Milk From Atopic Mothers Has Lower Levels of Short Chain Fatty Acids. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1427. [PMID: 32903327 PMCID: PMC7396598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SFCAs) are microbial metabolites produced in the gut upon fermentation of dietary fiber. These metabolites interact with the host immune system and can elicit epigenetic effects. There is evidence to suggest that SCFAs may play a role in the developmental programming of immune disorders and obesity, though evidence in humans remains sparse. Here we have quantified human milk (HM) SCFA levels in an international cohort of atopic and non-atopic mothers (n = 109). Our results demonstrate that human milk contains detectable levels of the SCFAs acetate, butyrate, and formate. Samples from atopic mothers had significantly lower concentrations of acetate and butyrate than those of non-atopic mothers. HM SCFA levels in atopic and non-atopic women also varied based on maternal country of residence (Australia, Japan, Norway, South Africa, USA). Reduced exposure to HM SCFA in early life may program atopy or overweight risk in breastfed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, United States
| | - Melvin C L Gay
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, United States
| | - Petya T Koleva
- inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, United States.,Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine C Johnson
- inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, United States.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ganesa Wegienka
- inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, United States.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Elloise du Toit
- inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, United States.,Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daniel Munblit
- inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, United States.,Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dianne E Campbell
- inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, United States.,Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan L Prescott
- inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, United States.,The ORIGINS Project, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, United States
| | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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13
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Golan Y, Assaraf YG. Genetic and Physiological Factors Affecting Human Milk Production and Composition. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1500. [PMID: 32455695 PMCID: PMC7284811 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk is considered the optimal nutrition for infants as it provides additional attributes other than nutritional support for the infant and contributes to the mother's health as well. Although breastfeeding is the most natural modality to feed infants, nowadays, many mothers complain about breastfeeding difficulties. In addition to environmental factors that may influence lactation outcomes including maternal nutrition status, partner's support, stress, and latching ability of the infant, intrinsic factors such as maternal genetics may also affect the quantitative production and qualitative content of human milk. These genetic factors, which may largely affect the infant's growth and development, as well as the mother's breastfeeding experience, are the subject of the present review. We specifically describe genetic variations that were shown to affect quantitative human milk supply and/or its qualitative content. We further discuss possible implications and methods for diagnosis as well as treatment modalities. Although cases of nutrient-deficient human milk are considered rare, in some ethnic groups, genetic variations that affect human milk content are more abundant, and they should receive greater attention for diagnosis and treatment when necessary. From a future perspective, early genetic diagnosis should be directed to target and treat breastfeeding difficulties in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yehuda G. Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
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14
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Venter C, Meyer RW, Nwaru BI, Roduit C, Untersmayr E, Adel‐Patient K, Agache I, Agostoni C, Akdis CA, Bischoff S, du Toit G, Feeney M, Frei R, Garn H, Greenhawt M, Hoffmann‐Sommergruber K, Lunjani N, Maslin K, Mills C, Muraro A, Pali I, Poulson L, Reese I, Renz H, Roberts GC, Smith P, Smolinska S, Sokolowska M, Stanton C, Vlieg‐Boerstra B, O'Mahony L. EAACI position paper: Influence of dietary fatty acids on asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2019; 74:1429-1444. [PMID: 31032983 DOI: 10.1111/all.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis has increased dramatically during the last decades, which is associated with altered environmental exposures and lifestyle practices. The purpose of this review was to highlight the potential role for dietary fatty acids, in the prevention and management of these disorders. In addition to their nutritive value, fatty acids have important immunoregulatory effects. Fatty acid-associated biological mechanisms, human epidemiology, and intervention studies are summarized in this review. The influence of genetics and the microbiome on fatty acid metabolism is also discussed. Despite critical gaps in our current knowledge, it is increasingly apparent that dietary intake of fatty acids may influence the development of inflammatory and tolerogenic immune responses. However, the lack of standardized formats (ie, food versus supplement) and standardized doses, and frequently a lack of prestudy serum fatty acid level assessments in clinical studies significantly limit our ability to compare allergy outcomes across studies and to provide clear recommendations at this time. Future studies must address these limitations and individualized medical approaches should consider the inclusion of specific dietary factors for the prevention and management of asthma, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Venter
- Section of Allergy and Immunology University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado Colorado
| | | | - Bright I. Nwaru
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Caroline Roduit
- University Children's Hospital Zurich Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Karine Adel‐Patient
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Immuno‐Allergie Alimentaire (LIAA) INRA, CEA, Université Paris Saclay Gif sur Yvette Cedex France
| | | | - Carlo Agostoni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda ‐ Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunita Universita' degli Studi Milano Italy
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Stephan Bischoff
- Institut für Ernährungsmedizin Universität Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany
| | - George du Toit
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Paediatric Allergy King's College London London UK
- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Mary Feeney
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Paediatric Allergy King's College London London UK
- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Remo Frei
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Holger Garn
- Center for Tumor‐ and Immunobiology (ZTI), Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry Philipps University of Marburg ‐ Medical Faculty Marburg Germany
| | - Matthew Greenhawt
- School of Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Aurora Colorado
| | - Karin Hoffmann‐Sommergruber
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Nonhlanhla Lunjani
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Kate Maslin
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Clare Mills
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Antonella Muraro
- Centro di Specializzazione Regionale per lo Studio e la Cura delle Allergie e delle Intolleranze Alimentari presso l'Azienda Ospedaliera Università di Padova Padova Italy
| | - Isabella Pali
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Lars Poulson
- Allergy Clinic, Dept. of Skin and Allergy Diseases Copenhagen University Hospital at Gentofte Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Imke Reese
- Dietary Counseling and Nutrition Therapy Centre Munich Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Philipps Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Graham C. Roberts
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre St Mary's Hospital Newport UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development in Health Academic Units University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Peter Smith
- School of Medicine Griffith University Southport Australia
| | - Sylwia Smolinska
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | | | | | - Liam O'Mahony
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Depts of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland Cork Ireland
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15
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Grandjean P, Abdennebi-Najar L, Barouki R, Cranor CF, Etzel RA, Gee D, Heindel JJ, Hougaard KS, Hunt P, Nawrot TS, Prins GS, Ritz B, Soffritti M, Sunyer J, Weihe P. Timescales of developmental toxicity impacting on research and needs for intervention. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125 Suppl 3:70-80. [PMID: 30387920 PMCID: PMC6497561 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Much progress has happened in understanding developmental vulnerability to preventable environmental hazards. Along with the improved insight, the perspective has widened, and developmental toxicity now involves latent effects that can result in delayed adverse effects in adults or at old age and additional effects that can be transgenerationally transferred to future generations. Although epidemiology and toxicology to an increasing degree are exploring the adverse effects from developmental exposures in human beings, the improved documentation has resulted in little progress in protection, and few environmental chemicals are currently regulated to protect against developmental toxicity, whether it be neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption or other adverse outcome. The desire to obtain a high degree of certainty and verification of the evidence used for decision-making must be weighed against the costs and necessary duration of research, as well as the long-term costs to human health because of delayed protection of vulnerable early-life stages of human development and, possibly, future generations. Although two-generation toxicology tests may be useful for initial test purposes, other rapidly emerging tools need to be seriously considered from computational chemistry and metabolomics to CLARITY-BPA-type designs, big data and population record linkage approaches that will allow efficient generation of new insight; epigenetic mechanisms may necessitate a set of additional regulatory tests to reveal such effects. As reflected by the Prenatal Programming and Toxicity (PPTOX) VI conference, the current scientific understanding and the timescales involved require an intensified approach to protect against preventable adverse health effects that can harm the next generation and generations to come. While further research is needed, the main emphasis should be on research translation and timely public health intervention to avoid serious, irreversible and perhaps transgenerational harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Carl F Cranor
- Department of Philosophy, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Ruth A Etzel
- Milken Institute, School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - David Gee
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Program in Endocrine Disruption Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, California
| | - Karin S Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patricia Hunt
- School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Public Health, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gail S Prins
- Chicago Center for Health and Environment (CACHET), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Morando Soffritti
- Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
- European Foundation for Cancer Research, Environmental and Occupational Diseases "Ruberti Schileo", Treviso, Italy
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pal Weihe
- Department of Public Health and Occupational Medicine, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
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16
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Antunes MM, Coelho BSL, Vichi TM, Santos EAD, Gondim FKB, Diniz AB, Aguilar EC, Cara DC, Porto LCJ, Castro ICD, Alvarez Leite JI, Teixeira LG. Oral supplementation with capsaicin reduces oxidative stress and IL-33 on a food allergy murine model. World Allergy Organ J 2019; 12:100045. [PMID: 31316714 PMCID: PMC6611958 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy is an abnormal immune response to antigens introduced into the body through food. Its prevalence has increased in developed and developing countries. Natural products are traditionally used to alleviate and treat diseases, and diet can play a role in both the prevention and management of food allergy. The effects of capsaicin as an anti-oxidant, anticarcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory in the energy expenditure and suppression of fat accumulation have been demonstrated. This study evaluated the effect of oral supplementation with capsaicin on a food allergy model. METHODS OVA-sensitized mice received ovalbumin solution, and they were fed with chow supplemented with capsaicin for 7 days. The control group received AIN-93 chow with no supplementation. IgE anti-ova, inflammatory infiltration, oxidative stress and metabolic analysis were performed. RESULTS The results showed that capsaicin supplementation is not able to reduce characteristic signs of food allergy, such as production of IgE and weight loss. However, macrophages infiltration and IL-33 in proximal jejunum was reduced in OVA capsaicin group. In addition, hepatic triglycerides and intestinal hydroperoxides were reduced in both capsaicin groups. CONCLUSION Oral supplementation with capsaicin attenuated important factors associated to food allergy such as inflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting better prognosis and evolution of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maísa Mota Antunes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruna Scherr Laignier Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thaís Makiya Vichi
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Lavras, mailbox: 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Elandia Aparecida dos Santos
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Lavras, mailbox: 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Karine Braga Gondim
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Lavras, mailbox: 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Ariane Barros Diniz
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Edenil Costa Aguilar
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Denise Carmona Cara
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Laura Cristina Jardim Porto
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Lavras, mailbox: 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Isabela Coelho de Castro
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Lavras, mailbox: 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline I. Alvarez Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lílian Gonçalves Teixeira
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Lavras, mailbox: 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
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17
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Abbring S, Ryan JT, Diks MAP, Hols G, Garssen J, van Esch BCAM. Suppression of Food Allergic Symptoms by Raw Cow's Milk in Mice is Retained after Skimming but Abolished after Heating the Milk-A Promising Contribution of Alkaline Phosphatase. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071499. [PMID: 31262028 PMCID: PMC6683262 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Raw cow's milk was previously shown to suppress allergic symptoms in a murine model for food allergy. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of fat content and heat-sensitive milk components to this allergy-protective effect. In addition, we determined the potency of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a heat-sensitive raw milk component, to affect the allergic response. C3H/HeOuJ mice were treated with raw milk, pasteurized milk, skimmed raw milk, pasteurized milk spiked with ALP, or phosphate-buffered saline for eight days prior to sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin (OVA). Effects of these milk types on the allergic response were subsequently assessed. Similar to raw milk, skimmed raw milk suppressed food allergic symptoms, demonstrated by a reduced acute allergic skin response and low levels of OVA-specific IgE and Th2-related cytokines. This protective effect was accompanied by an induction of CD103+CD11b+ dendritic cells and TGF-β-producing regulatory T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Pasteurized milk was not protective but adding ALP restored the allergy-protective effect. Not the fat content, but the heat-sensitive components are responsible for the allergy-protective effects of raw cow's milk. Adding ALP to heat-treated milk might be an interesting alternative to raw cow's milk consumption, as spiking pasteurized milk with ALP restored the protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Abbring
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mara A P Diks
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Hols
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Betty C A M van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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18
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Kim YH, Kim KW, Lee SY, Koo KO, Kwon SO, Seo JH, Suh DI, Shin YH, Ahn K, Oh SY, Lee S, Sohn MH, Hong SJ. Maternal Perinatal Dietary Patterns Affect Food Allergy Development in Susceptible Infants. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2019; 7:2337-2347.e7. [PMID: 30930272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing incidence of food allergy (FA) can be attributed to interactions between genes and the environment, but these interactions are not yet fully clear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the interaction between infant genetic variations and maternal dietary patterns to identify risk factors in the development of FA. METHODS We used the Cohort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases birth cohort of 1628 infants, born between 2007 and 2015. Maternal dietary intakes were assessed at 26 weeks of pregnancy using a food frequency questionnaire and grouped according to 5 dietary patterns. Infant cord blood samples were genotyped at 12 loci. RESULTS Among 1628 infants, 147 (9.0%) were diagnosed with FA based on history. A maternal confectionery diet characterized by a higher intake of baked and sugary products during pregnancy was associated with a higher prevalence of FA (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.517, P = .02); this dietary pattern tended to be higher in trans fat (r = 0.498, P < .001). Development of FA was associated with longer periods of breastfeeding (adjusted OR = 1.792, P = .03), and this dietary pattern was more significantly related to the development of FA in infants with the homozygous TT genotype of CD14 (rs2569190) and more than 1 copy of GSTM1 and GSTT1. CONCLUSIONS A maternal confectionery diet during pregnancy that majorly consists of baked and sugary products, combined with a longer ensuing period of breastfeeding, may lead to the development of FA, suggesting a harmful effect of trans fats in the infant. Polymorphisms in CD14 and GST in the infant influence FA susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Institute of Allergy, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Institute of Allergy, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong Ok Koo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Ok Kwon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Dangook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Young Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sooyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Sohn
- Institute of Allergy, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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19
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Hua MC, Su HM, Kuo ML, Chen CC, Yao TC, Tsai MH, Liao SL, Lai SH, Chiu CY, Su KW, Chen LC, Yeh KW, Huang JL. Association of maternal allergy with human milk soluble CD14 and fatty acids, and early childhood atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019; 30:204-213. [PMID: 30561094 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate whether maternal allergy is associated with soluble CD14 (sCD14) and fatty acid composition in different stages of lactation and the onset of atopic dermatitis (AD) in early childhood. METHODS In total, 443 mother-child groups (445 children) were enrolled in the Prediction of Allergies in Taiwanese Children birth cohort study. Colostrum and mature milk at 2 months postpartum (2-month HM) were collected from lactating mothers. Information regarding parental allergy histories and physician-diagnosed atopic diseases was obtained using age-specific questionnaires (0-2 years). We compared sCD14 levels and the composition of 30 fatty acids in the colostrum and 2-month HM, respectively, between allergic and non-allergic mothers and between children with and without AD by the age of 2 years. RESULTS In total, 185 (41.8%) mothers presented with allergies, and 154 (34.6%) children had physician-diagnosed AD by the age of 2 years. Both in the colostrum and 2-month HM of 289 lactating mothers, sCD14 levels were significantly lower in allergic mothers whose children presented with AD compared with children who did not (P = 0.015 and 0.044, respectively). Among the children with AD who were born to non-allergic mothers, sCD14 levels were lower. However, the result was not statistically significant (P = 0.376 and 0.264, respectively). Our data revealed the lack of associations between fatty acid composition and AD (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Decreased sCD14 levels in the colostrum and 2-month HM were associated with AD at 2 years of age, particularly among children born to mothers with allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Chin Hua
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Su
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Yao
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Ling Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Hao Lai
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Chest, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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20
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Raw Cow's Milk and Its Protective Effect on Allergies and Asthma. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020469. [PMID: 30813365 PMCID: PMC6413174 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Living on a farm and having contact with rural exposures have been proposed as one of the most promising ways to be protected against allergy and asthma development. There is a significant body of epidemiological evidence that consumption of raw milk in childhood and adulthood in farm but also nonfarm populations can be one of the most effective protective factors. The observation is even more intriguing when considering the fact that milk is one of the most common food allergens in childhood. The exact mechanisms underlying this association are still not well understood, but the role of raw milk ingredients such as proteins, fat and fatty acids, and bacterial components has been recently studied and its influence on the immune function has been documented. In this review, we present the current understanding of the protective effect of raw milk on allergies and asthma.
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21
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The Role of Lipids in Human Milk and Infant Formulae. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050567. [PMID: 29734711 PMCID: PMC5986447 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantity and quality of dietary lipids in infant formulae have a significant impact on health outcomes, especially when fat storing and/or absorption are limited (e.g., preterm birth and short bowel disease) or when fat byproducts may help to prevent some pathologies (e.g., atopy). The lipid composition of infant formulae varies according to the different fat sources used, and the potential biological effects are related to the variety of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. For example, since lipids are the main source of energy when the normal absorptive capacity of the digestive tract is compromised, medium-chain saturated fatty acids might cover this requirement. Instead, ruminant-derived trans fatty acids and metabolites of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with their anti-inflammatory properties can modulate immune function. Furthermore, dietary fats may influence the nutrient profile of formulae, improving the acceptance of these products and the compliance with dietary schedules.
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22
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Waidyatillake NT, Dharmage SC, Allen KJ, Bowatte G, Boyle RJ, Burgess JA, Koplin JJ, Garcia-Larsen V, Lowe AJ, Lodge CJ. Association between the age of solid food introduction and eczema: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1000-1015. [PMID: 29570230 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eczema is a common childhood ailment responsible for a considerable disease burden. Both timing of introduction to solid food and allergenic food are believed to be related to childhood eczema. Despite the growing body of evidence, the relationship between timing of any solid food introduction (allergenic and/or non-allergenic) and development of eczema has not previously been systematically reviewed. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched using food and eczema terms. Two authors selected papers according to the inclusion criteria and extracted information on study characteristics and measures of association. Meta-analyses were performed after grouping studies according to the age and type of exposure. RESULTS A total of 17 papers met the inclusion criteria, reporting results from 16 study populations. Of these, 11 were cohort studies, 2 case-controls, 1 cross-sectional study and 2 randomized controlled trials. Limited meta-analyses were performed due to heterogeneity between studies. Timing of solid food introduction was not associated with eczema. One randomized controlled trial provided weak evidence of an association between early allergenic (around 4 months) food introduction and reduced risk of eczema. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence is currently insufficient to determine whether the timing of introduction of any solid food influences the risk of eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Waidyatillake
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch, Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - K J Allen
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - G Bowatte
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R J Boyle
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J A Burgess
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J J Koplin
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - V Garcia-Larsen
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A J Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch, Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - C J Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch, Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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23
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Wu W, Lin L, Shi B, Jing J, Cai L. The effects of early life polyunsaturated fatty acids and ruminant trans fatty acids on allergic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1802-1815. [PMID: 29341787 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1429382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Early life nutritional exposures could modify the gene expression and susceptibility of allergic diseases (AD). This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether early life (the first 1,000 days) natural exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and ruminant trans fatty acids (R-TFA) could affect the AD risk. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception through September 10, 2017 for relevant full-text articles in English. Observational studies were selected if they examined the effects of early life PUFA or R-TFA on AD (eczema, asthma, wheeze, and allergic rhinitis) or sensitization. The quality of studies was examined by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the best evidence synthesis (BES) was applied. We included 26 observational studies, and 8 of them showed high quality. BES showed a moderate evidence for the protective effect of vaccenic acid (VA, an R-TFA) on eczema, while insufficient or no evidence was found in other associations. Meta-analysis showed that higher n-6/n-3 ratio and linoleic acid were associated with higher risk of eczema (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.00 -1.13; 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01 -1.15). However, VA was inversely associated with eczema pooled OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.25 -0.72). Early life natural exposure to VA showed evident benefit on decreasing the risk of eczema, while PUFA and other R-TFA showed limited effects on AD. More robust studies especially for R-TFA are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Wu
- a Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Lizi Lin
- a Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China.,b Department of Maternal and Child Health , School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Bijun Shi
- a Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Jing
- a Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China.,c The Constitutional and Behavioral Research Center for Children and Adolescents, Department of Maternal and Child Health , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cai
- a Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China.,d Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition , School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , People's Republic of China
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24
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Waidyatillake NT, Dharmage SC, Allen KJ, Lodge CJ, Simpson JA, Bowatte G, Abramson MJ, Lowe AJ. Association of breast milk fatty acids with allergic disease outcomes-A systematic review. Allergy 2018; 73:295-312. [PMID: 28869762 DOI: 10.1111/all.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have immunoregulatory properties. Breast milk is rich in PUFA, and it has been hypothesized that these PUFAs may be important in the aetiology of allergic diseases. Despite a growing body of evidence, the associations between breast milk PUFA and allergic disease have not previously been systematically reviewed. METHODS The search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE databases using breastfeeding, fatty acid and allergic disease terms. Two authors were involved in selecting papers for review according to the inclusion criteria and extracting information on study characteristics and measures of association. Only studies that reported numeric associations between concentration of breast milk fatty acids and allergic disease outcomes were included. RESULTS A total of 18 papers met the inclusion criteria, reporting results from 15 study populations. The majority were cohort studies (n=11), with data from only two case-control and two cross-sectional studies. Sample size varied between 30 and 352 participants, and follow-up time of the cohorts varied between 3 months and 14 years. Nine studies reported on eczema, seven reported on sensitization, and only five reported on asthma/wheeze. There was heterogeneity among studies in terms of presenting the association between PUFA and allergy; therefore, estimates could not be pooled. Only a few studies observed associations between n-3 and n-6 PUFAs and allergic disease, and the magnitude of this effect varied greatly. CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to suggest that colostrum or breast milk polyunsaturated fatty acids influence the risk of childhood allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. T. Waidyatillake
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - S. C. Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - K. J. Allen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - C. J. Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - J. A. Simpson
- Biostatistics Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - G. Bowatte
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - M. J. Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine; Monash University; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - A. J. Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne VIC Australia
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25
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Mie A, Andersen HR, Gunnarsson S, Kahl J, Kesse-Guyot E, Rembiałkowska E, Quaglio G, Grandjean P. Human health implications of organic food and organic agriculture: a comprehensive review. Environ Health 2017; 16:111. [PMID: 29073935 PMCID: PMC5658984 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises existing evidence on the impact of organic food on human health. It compares organic vs. conventional food production with respect to parameters important to human health and discusses the potential impact of organic management practices with an emphasis on EU conditions. Organic food consumption may reduce the risk of allergic disease and of overweight and obesity, but the evidence is not conclusive due to likely residual confounding, as consumers of organic food tend to have healthier lifestyles overall. However, animal experiments suggest that identically composed feed from organic or conventional production impacts in different ways on growth and development. In organic agriculture, the use of pesticides is restricted, while residues in conventional fruits and vegetables constitute the main source of human pesticide exposures. Epidemiological studies have reported adverse effects of certain pesticides on children's cognitive development at current levels of exposure, but these data have so far not been applied in formal risk assessments of individual pesticides. Differences in the composition between organic and conventional crops are limited, such as a modestly higher content of phenolic compounds in organic fruit and vegetables, and likely also a lower content of cadmium in organic cereal crops. Organic dairy products, and perhaps also meats, have a higher content of omega-3 fatty acids compared to conventional products. However, these differences are likely of marginal nutritional significance. Of greater concern is the prevalent use of antibiotics in conventional animal production as a key driver of antibiotic resistance in society; antibiotic use is less intensive in organic production. Overall, this review emphasises several documented and likely human health benefits associated with organic food production, and application of such production methods is likely to be beneficial within conventional agriculture, e.g., in integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Mie
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Centre for Organic Food and Farming (EPOK), Ultuna, Sweden
| | - Helle Raun Andersen
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Public Health, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefan Gunnarsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Animal Environment and Health, Skara, Sweden
| | - Johannes Kahl
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Research Unit on Nutritional Epidemiology (U1153 Inserm, U1125 INRA, CNAM, Université Paris 13), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Ewa Rembiałkowska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Department of Functional & Organic Food & Commodities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gianluca Quaglio
- Scientific Foresight Unit (Science and Technology Options Assessment [STOA]), Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS), European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Public Health, Odense, Denmark
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, USA
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26
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Logan CA, Brandt S, Wabitsch M, Brenner H, Wiens F, Stahl B, Marosvölgyi T, Decsi T, Rothenbacher D, Genuneit J. New approach shows no association between maternal milk fatty acid composition and childhood wheeze or asthma. Allergy 2017; 72:1374-1383. [PMID: 28306160 DOI: 10.1111/all.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies have implied breastmilk fatty acid composition may play a role in the development of atopic eczema or atopic sensitization in breastfed infants and toddlers. However, studies investigating associations with wheeze and asthma in later childhood are scarce and did not account for inherent correlation of compositional data. Our aim was to explore the association of maternal milk fatty acid composition with childhood wheezing phenotypes and asthma up to age 13 years using a new statistical approach. METHODS Breastmilk was collected 6 weeks and 6 months postdelivery in the Ulm Birth Cohort Study (n=720 and n=454, respectively). Concentrations of 28 fatty acids were measured by high-resolution capillary gas-liquid chromatography. To control for constant-sum constraint, concentration data were transformed using the centered log ratio method. Compositional biplots and correlation matrices were used to group centered log ratio transformed fatty acids. Adjusted risk ratios with parent-reported wheezing phenotypes and doctor-diagnosed asthma were computed using a modified Poisson regression. RESULTS We observed no straightforward evidence of associations between overall breastmilk fatty acid composition and specific wheeze phenotypes or doctor-diagnosed asthma. CONCLUSION Using appropriate statistical methodology, we report null associations. These findings may partly be attributable to several cohort-specific factors associated with breastfeeding and breastmilk collection. Further studies could improve on ours by analyzing samples of breastmilk and formula and by including all children for whom these are exclusively or together the major source of fatty acids in the first months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Logan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
| | - S. Brandt
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; University Medical Center Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - M. Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; University Medical Center Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - H. Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - F. Wiens
- Human Milk Research; Nutricia Research; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - B. Stahl
- Human Milk Research; Nutricia Research; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - T. Marosvölgyi
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - T. Decsi
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - D. Rothenbacher
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
- Member of “In-FLAME” the International Inflammation Network; World Universities Network (WUN)
| | - J. Genuneit
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
- Member of “In-FLAME” the International Inflammation Network; World Universities Network (WUN)
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27
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Waidyatillake NT, Stoney R, Thien F, Lodge CJ, Simpson JA, Allen KJ, Abramson MJ, Erbas B, Svanes C, Dharmage SC, Lowe AJ. Breast milk polyunsaturated fatty acids: associations with adolescent allergic disease and lung function. Allergy 2017; 72:1193-1201. [PMID: 28027401 DOI: 10.1111/all.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that n-3 PUFA in breast milk may assist immune and lung development. There are very limited data on possible long-term effects on allergic disease and lung function. The aim was to investigate associations of n-3 and n-6 PUFA levels in colostrum and breast milk with allergic disease and lung function at ages 12 and 18 years. METHODS Polyunsaturated fatty acids were measured in 194 colostrum samples and in 118 three-month expressed breast milk samples from mothers of children enrolled in the Melbourne Atopy Cohort (MACS) Study, a high-risk birth cohort study. Associations with allergic diseases, skin prick tests and lung function assessed at 12 and 18 years were estimated using multivariable regression. RESULTS Higher levels of n-3 but not n-6 PUFAs in colostrum were associated with a trend towards increased odds of allergic diseases, with strong associations observed for allergic rhinitis at 12 (OR = 5.69[95% CI: 1.83,17.60] per weight%) and 18 years (4.43[1.46,13.39]) and eczema at 18 years (9.89[1.44, 68.49]). Higher levels of colostrum n-3 PUFAs were associated with reduced sensitization (3.37[1.18, 9.6]), mean FEV1 (-166 ml [-332, -1]) and FEV1 /FVC ratio (-4.6%, [-8.1, -1.1]) at 12 years. CONCLUSION Higher levels of colostrum n-3 PUFAs were associated with increased risks of allergic rhinitis and eczema up to 18 years, and sensitization and reduced lung function at 12 years. As residual confounding may have caused these associations, they should be replicated, but these results could indicate that strategies that increase maternal n-3 PUFA intake may not aid in allergic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. T. Waidyatillake
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - R. Stoney
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Redland Hospital and Wynnum Health Service; Metro South Health; Brisbane Australia
| | - F. Thien
- Respiratory Medicine; Eastern Health Box Hill Hospital; Monash University; Melbourne Australia
| | - C. J. Lodge
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
| | - J. A. Simpson
- Biostatistics Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - K. J. Allen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Allergy; Royal Childrens Hospital; Melbourne Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - M. J. Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine; Monash University; Melbourne Australia
| | - B. Erbas
- School of Psychology and Public Health; La Trobe University; Melbourne Australia
| | - C. Svanes
- Centre for International Health; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Department of Occupational Medicine; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - S. C. Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
| | - A. J. Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
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28
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Neerven RJJV, Savelkoul H. Nutrition and Allergic Diseases. Nutrients 2017; 9:E762. [PMID: 28714911 PMCID: PMC5537876 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of IgE-mediated allergic diseases is influenced by many factors, including genetic and environmental factors such as pollution and farming, but also by nutrition. In the last decade, substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the impact that nutrition can have on allergic diseases. Many studies have addressed the effect of breastfeeding, pre-, pro- and synbiotics, vitamins and minerals, fiber, fruit and vegetables, cow's milk, and n-3 fatty acids, on the development of allergies. In addition, nutrition can also have indirect effects on allergic sensitization. This includes the diet of pregnant and breastfeeding women, which influences intrauterine development, as well as breastmilk composition. These include the diet of pregnant and breastfeeding women that influences intrauterine development as well as breastmilk composition, effects of food processing that may enhance allergenicity of foods, and effects via modulation of the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites. This editorial review provides a brief overview of recent developments related to nutrition and the development and management of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J J van Neerven
- Wageningen University & Research, Cell Biology and Immunology, 6709 PG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- FrieslandCampina, 3818 LE, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
| | - Huub Savelkoul
- Wageningen University & Research, Cell Biology and Immunology, 6709 PG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Allergy Consortium Wageningen, 6709 PG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Organic food consumption during pregnancy and its association with health-related characteristics: the KOALA Birth Cohort Study. Public Health Nutr 2017. [PMID: 28625206 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of organic food consumption with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, hypertension and diabetes in pregnancy, and several blood biomarkers of pregnant women. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Pregnant women were recruited at midwives' practices and through channels related to consumption of food from organic origin. SUBJECTS Pregnant women who filled in FFQ and donated a blood sample (n 1339). Participant groups were defined based on the share of consumed organic products; to discriminate between effects of food origin and food patterns, healthy diet indicators were considered in some statistical models. RESULTS Consumption of organic food was associated with a more favourable pre-pregnancy BMI and lower prevalence of gestational diabetes. Compared with participants consuming no organic food (reference group), a marker of dairy products intake (pentadecanoic acid) and trans-fatty acids from natural origin (vaccenic and rumenic acids) were higher among participants consuming organic food (organic groups), whereas elaidic acid, a marker of the intake of trans-fatty acids found in industrially hydrogenated fats, was lower. Plasma levels of homocysteine and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were lower in the organic groups than in the reference group. Differences in pentadecanoic acid, vaccenic acid and vitamin D retained statistical significance when correcting for indicators of the healthy diet pattern associated with the consumption of organic food. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of organic food during pregnancy is associated with several health-related characteristics and blood biomarkers. Part of the observed associations is explained by food patterns accompanying the consumption of organic food.
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Gómez-Cortés P, de la Fuente MA. Classification of Human Milks Based on Their Trans 18:1 Fatty Acid Profile and Effect of Maternal Diet. Breastfeed Med 2017; 12:238-243. [PMID: 28278390 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diet of breastfeeding women influences the trans fatty acid (TFA) composition of the milk excreted. However, the effects associated to TFA are isomer-dependent and diverse TFA profiles may have different nutritional implications. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to evaluate whether certain TFA patterns in human milk fat can be used as indicators of TFA intake from different sources. METHODS Milk fat from 60 women were examined and classified based on their TFA profile and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) contents by principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS The PCA of the data allowed the classification of the women into 3 groups depending on milk TFA content and profile. From the 60 subjects, 19 presented a TFA profile characteristic of ruminant products intake, 10 a typical TFA profile of industrial trans fats consumption and 31 a negligible trans content. Superimposed on this, 21 women presented high amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) which was related to fish intake. CONCLUSIONS The present research overcome problems associated to heterogeneous groups in nutritional experiments by a statistical classification of lactating subjects based on the TFA composition of their milk. This classification could be extrapolated to other nutritional studies dealing with TFA analysis and samples of different nature as biological samples or foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Gómez-Cortés
- 1 Food Research Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Canada
| | - Miguel Angel de la Fuente
- 2 Departamento de Bioactividad y Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid, Spain
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A Review of the Evidence for the Influence of Maternal Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake on Atopy in Offspring. TOP CLIN NUTR 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kuhnt K, Degen C, Jahreis G. Evaluation of the Impact of Ruminant Trans Fatty Acids on Human Health: Important Aspects to Consider. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:1964-80. [PMID: 25746671 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.808605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The definition and evaluation of trans fatty acids (TFA) with regard to foodstuffs and health hazard are not consistent. Based on the current situation, the term should be restricted only to TFA with isolated double bonds in trans-configuration. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) should be separately assessed. Ideally, the origin of the consumed fat should be declared, i.e., ruminant TFA (R-TFA) and industrial TFA (non-ruminant; I-TFA). In ruminant fat, more than 50% of R-TFA consists of vaccenic acid (C18:1 t11). In addition, natural CLA, i.e., c9,t11 CLA is also present. Both are elevated in products from organic farming. In contrast to elaidic acid (t9) and t10, which occur mainly in partially hydrogenated industrial fat, t11 is partially metabolized into c9,t11 CLA via Δ9-desaturation. This is the major metabolic criterion used to differentiate between t11 and other trans C18:1. t11 indicates health beneficial effects in several studies. Moreover, CLA in milk fat is associated with the prevention of allergy and asthma. An analysis of the few studies relating to R-TFA alone makes clear that no convincing adverse physiological effect can be attributed to R-TFA. Only extremely high R-TFA intakes cause negative change in blood lipids. In conclusion, in most European countries, the intake of R-TFA is assessed as being low to moderate. Restriction of R-TFA would unjustifiably represent a disadvantage for organic farming of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kuhnt
- a Department of Nutritional Physiology , Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany
| | - Christian Degen
- a Department of Nutritional Physiology , Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany
| | - Gerhard Jahreis
- a Department of Nutritional Physiology , Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany
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Warstedt K, Furuhjelm C, Fälth-Magnusson K, Fagerås M, Duchén K. High levels of omega-3 fatty acids in milk from omega-3 fatty acid-supplemented mothers are related to less immunoglobulin E-associated disease in infancy. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:1337-1347. [PMID: 26970335 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM We previously reported a protective effect of maternal omega-3 fatty acid supplements on the development of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated disease in infancy. This study assessed omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in maternal milk in relation to omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation and the development of allergic disease in their infants. METHODS This study randomised 95 pregnant women at risk of having an allergic infant, to daily supplements of 2.6 g omega-3 LCPUFA or a placebo of 2.7 g soya bean oil from gestational week 25 until 3 months of lactation. Breast milk samples were collected as colostrum, at one and 3 months. Milk fatty acids were related to allergic outcome in the infants at 24 months. RESULTS Omega-3 milk fatty acids were higher in women who received omega-3 supplements than the placebo group (p < 0.01). Higher proportions of milk eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and a lower arachidonic/eicosapentaenoic acid ratio were associated with an absence of IgE-associated disease in the infants. None of the children developed IgE-associated atopic eczema above a level of 0.83 mol% eicosapentaenoic acid in colostrum. [Correction added on 7 July 2016, after online publication: In the preceding sentence, the correct word should be "above" instead of "below" and this has been amended in this current version.] CONCLUSION: High omega-3 LCPUFA milk levels in mothers who received omega-3 LCPUFA supplements were related to fewer allergies in their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Warstedt
- Division of Pediatrics; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Clinical and Experimental Research; Faculty of Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Catrin Furuhjelm
- Division of Pediatrics; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Childrens Hospital; Linköping University Hospital; The County Council in Östergötland; Linköping Sweden
| | - Karin Fälth-Magnusson
- Division of Pediatrics; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Childrens Hospital; Linköping University Hospital; The County Council in Östergötland; Linköping Sweden
| | - Malin Fagerås
- Division of Pediatrics; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- AstraZeneca; Mölndal Sweden
| | - Karel Duchén
- Division of Pediatrics; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Childrens Hospital; Linköping University Hospital; The County Council in Östergötland; Linköping Sweden
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Rosenlund H, Fagerstedt S, Alm J, Mie A. Breastmilk fatty acids in relation to sensitization - the ALADDIN birth cohort. Allergy 2016; 71:1444-52. [PMID: 27043329 DOI: 10.1111/all.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastmilk fatty acids (FAs) have been associated with childhood allergic disease. Children of families with an anthroposophic lifestyle have a low prevalence of sensitization compared to reference groups. This study aimed to investigate whether the lower prevalence of sensitization among these children can be explained by the differences in breastmilk FA composition. METHODS The prospective birth cohort ALADDIN included 330 children from anthroposophic, partly anthroposophic and nonanthroposophic families recruited between 2004 and 2007 in Sweden. In total, 245 breastmilk samples, collected at 2 months of age, were analysed for FA composition. Allergen-specific IgE levels against seven common allergens were measured in the blood samples at the ages of 6, 12 and 24 months. Data were analysed longitudinally using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS An inverse association was observed between total concentration of omega-3 PUFA in breastmilk and sensitization in the child up to 24 months of age (highest vs lowest quartile, RRadj 0. 49, 95% CI 0.23-1.05, P for trend 0.024). No associations were observed between omega-6 PUFAs or ruminant FAs and sensitization. Overall, we observed 56% lower risks of sensitization among the anthroposophic group compared to the nonanthroposophic group (RRadj 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.90). This association remained largely unchanged when breastmilk omega-3 PUFA was included in the model. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that a higher concentration of omega-3 PUFAs in breastmilk may be associated with a reduced risk of sensitization up to 24 months of age; however, this did not explain the lower risk of sensitization among children of anthroposophic families.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Rosenlund
- Department of Clinical Science and Education; Karolinska Institutet; Södersjukhuset; Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics; Department of Orthopedics; Danderyd Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - S. Fagerstedt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education; Karolinska Institutet; Södersjukhuset; Stockholm Sweden
| | - J. Alm
- Department of Clinical Science and Education; Karolinska Institutet; Södersjukhuset; Stockholm Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital; Södersjukhuset; Stockholm Sweden
| | - A. Mie
- Department of Clinical Science and Education; Karolinska Institutet; Södersjukhuset; Stockholm Sweden
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Lee S, Kelleher SL. Biological underpinnings of breastfeeding challenges: the role of genetics, diet, and environment on lactation physiology. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E405-22. [PMID: 27354238 PMCID: PMC5005964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00495.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactation is a dynamic process that has evolved to produce a complex biological fluid that provides nutritive and nonnutritive factors to the nursing offspring. It has long been assumed that once lactation is successfully initiated, the primary factor regulating milk production is infant demand. Thus, most interventions have focused on improving breastfeeding education and early lactation support. However, in addition to infant demand, increasing evidence from studies conducted in experimental animal models, production animals, and breastfeeding women suggests that a diverse array of maternal factors may also affect milk production and composition. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of the role of maternal genetics and modifiable factors, such as diet and environmental exposures, on reproductive endocrinology, lactation physiology, and the ability to successfully produce milk. To identify factors that may affect lactation in women, we highlight some information gleaned from studies in experimental animal models and production animals. Finally, we highlight the gaps in current knowledge and provide commentary on future research opportunities aimed at improving lactation outcomes in breastfeeding women to improve the health of mothers and their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Lee
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology
| | - Shannon L Kelleher
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pharmacology, and Surgery, Pennsylvania State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; and Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Chiu CY, Liao SL, Su KW, Tsai MH, Hua MC, Lai SH, Chen LC, Yao TC, Yeh KW, Huang JL. Exclusive or Partial Breastfeeding for 6 Months Is Associated With Reduced Milk Sensitization and Risk of Eczema in Early Childhood: The PATCH Birth Cohort Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3391. [PMID: 27082611 PMCID: PMC4839855 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is insufficient evidence to confirm the association between breastfeeding and allergic outcomes later in life. This study aimed to determine the relationships between different breastfeeding patterns and allergen sensitizations and risk of developing atopic diseases in early childhood. A total of 186 children from a birth cohort in the Prediction of Allergies in Taiwanese Children study for a 4-year follow-up period were enrolled. Total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and specific IgE antibodies against food and inhalant allergens were measured sequentially at 6 months as well as at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 years of age. A significantly lower prevalence of milk sensitization was found in children at ages 1 and 1.5 years who were exclusively or partially breastfed for ≥6 months. Breastfeeding ≥6 months was significantly associated with a reduced risk of developing eczema but not allergic rhinitis and asthma at ages 1 and 2 years. Compared with exclusive breastfeeding ≥6 months, partial breastfeeding <6 months was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing eczema at ages 1 and 2 years. As with exclusive breastfeeding, partial breastfeeding for at least 6 months appears to be associated with a reduced prevalence of milk sensitization as well as a reduced risk of developing eczema in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yung Chiu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung and Chang Gung University College of Medicine (C-YC, S-LL, K-WS, M-HT, M-CH); and Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (C-YC, S-HL) and Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics (L-CC, T-CY, K-WY, J-LH), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Schäfer T. Primär- und Sekundärprävention. ALLERGOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37203-2_60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hoyt AEW, Medico T, Commins SP. Breast Milk and Food Allergy: Connections and Current Recommendations. Pediatr Clin North Am 2015; 62:1493-507. [PMID: 26456446 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk, a living source of nutrition for babies, complements a baby's immune system, supplementing undeveloped defenses with immune factors while creating the foundation for the innate and adaptive immune systems. Such immune development includes tolerance of the environment and, in the case of food allergy, a lack of tolerance. Recent research questions the previous opinion that breast milk is protective against food allergy. This article reviews the immature immune system, the immunology and nutrition of breast milk, the literature exploring breast milk and food allergy, and the current recommendations regarding breast milk and the prevention of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E W Hoyt
- University of Virginia, PO Box 801355, 409 Lane Road MR-4 Building, Room 5051, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Tegan Medico
- University of Virginia, PO Box 801355, 409 Lane Road MR-4 Building, Room 5051, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Scott P Commins
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, 3300 Thurston Building, CB 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7280, USA.
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Schlörmann W, Kramer R, Lochner A, Rohrer C, Schleussner E, Jahreis G, Kuhnt K. Foetal cord blood contains higher portions of n-3 and n-6 long-chain PUFA but lower portions of trans C18:1 isomers than maternal blood. Food Nutr Res 2015; 59:29348. [PMID: 26617388 PMCID: PMC4663192 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v59.29348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective An adequate supply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA) promotes foetal health and development, whereas generally, trans fatty acids (tFA) are considered to negatively interfere with LC PUFA metabolism. Nevertheless, to date, limited data concerning separate trans C18:1, such as t9 and t11, are available for maternal and foetal blood. Therefore, in this study the portions of individual trans C18:1, LC n-6, and n-3 PUFA in lipids of maternal and foetal plasma and erythrocyte membranes of German mother and child pairs (n=40) were analysed. Results Portions of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid as LC precursors were lower (~0.4-fold); whereas the metabolites arachidonic acid (AA, n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, n-3) were significantly higher (~2-fold) in foetal than in maternal plasma and erythrocytes. The main tFA in maternal and foetal blood were elaidic acid (C18:1t9; t9) and vaccenic acid (C18:1t11; t11). Portions of t9, t10, t11, and t12 in foetal blood lipids were lower (~0.5-fold) compared with maternal blood. In foetal lipids, t9 was higher than t11. The t9 correlated negatively with eicosapentaenoic acid (n-3) and AA in maternal and foetal lipids; whereas t11 correlated negatively only with foetal total LC n-6 (plasma and erythrocytes) and n-3 PUFA (erythrocytes). No correlation between maternal tFA and foetal PUFA was observed. Conclusions ‘Biomagnification’ of LC n-6 and n-3 PUFA AA and DHA in foetal blood was confirmed, whereas single trans isomers were lower compared with maternal blood. Nevertheless, tFA intake, especially from industrial sources, should be as low as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Schlörmann
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany;
| | - Ronny Kramer
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Alfred Lochner
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Rohrer
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Schleussner
- Placenta Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard Jahreis
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Kuhnt
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Munblit D, Boyle RJ, Warner JO. Factors affecting breast milk composition and potential consequences for development of the allergic phenotype. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:583-601. [PMID: 25077553 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence on the protective role of breastfeeding in relation to allergic sensitization and disease. The factors in breast milk which influence these processes are still unclear and under investigation. We know that colostrum and breast milk contain a variety of molecules which can influence immune responses in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue of a neonate. This review summarizes the evidence that variations in colostrum and breast milk composition can influence allergic outcomes in the infant, and the evidence that maternal and environmental factors can modify milk composition. Taken together, the data presented support the possibility that maternal dietary interventions may be an effective way to promote infant health through modification of breast milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Munblit
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK; International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network, of the World Universities Network (WUN)
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van Elten TM, van Rossem L, Wijga AH, Brunekreef B, de Jongste JC, Koppelman GH, Smit HA. Breast milk fatty acid composition has a long-term effect on the risk of asthma, eczema, and sensitization. Allergy 2015. [PMID: 26214160 DOI: 10.1111/all.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and n-6 PUFAs in breast milk are associated with the development of allergic diseases up to school age. However, it is unknown whether this relationship persists when the child becomes older. We therefore studied the association between levels of n-3 PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs in breast milk of allergic- and nonallergic mothers and asthma, eczema and sensitization up to the age of 14 years. METHODS The study was nested in the ongoing PIAMA birth cohort. At the child's age of 3 months, 276 mothers provided a breast milk sample. Asthma (N total = 269) and eczema (N total = 274) were self-reported up to the child's age of 14 years. Specific serum IgE levels were measured at the ages of 4, 8 and 12 years (N total = 216). Generalized estimating equations analyses were used to take account of repeated observations. RESULTS Asthma up to the age of 14 years is less prevalent in children of allergic mothers receiving breast milk with higher levels of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated (LCP) fatty acids (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.31-0.79), and more prevalent in children of nonallergic mothers receiving breast milk with higher levels of n-6LCP (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.14-3.03). Weaker associations in similar direction were observed for eczema and sensitization. Direction of associations were consistent and of similar magnitude throughout childhood. CONCLUSION The association between breast milk fatty acid composition and asthma, eczema and sensitization persists up to the age of 14 years in children of both allergic and nonallergic mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. van Elten
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - L. van Rossem
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - A. H. Wijga
- Centre for Prevention and Health Services Research; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM); Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - B. Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS); Division of Environmental Epidemiology; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - J. C. de Jongste
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Respiratory Medicine; Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - G. H. Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology; Beatrix Children's Hospital and GRIAC Research Institute; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - H. A. Smit
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
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Dietary nucleotide and nucleoside exposure in infancy and atopic dermatitis, recurrent wheeze, and allergic sensitization. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 60:691-3. [PMID: 25564817 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that early life exposure to nucleotides and nucleosides lowers the risk of recurrent wheeze, atopic dermatitis, and allergic sensitization among n = 429 children. Concentrations in breast milk were established by high-performance liquid chromatography; concentrations in formula milks were obtained from manufacturers. Questionnaires and home visits were used to assess outcomes. Adjusted odds ratios in the highest tertile compared with those in the lowest tertile of exposure ranged from 1.11 to 1.99 in predominantly formula-fed children, and from 0.40 to 0.53 in predominantly breast-fed children, but were not significant. Thus, we found no evidence for association between nucleotide and nucleoside exposure and the development of atopic outcomes in children up to 2 years.
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Kusche D, Kuhnt K, Ruebesam K, Rohrer C, Nierop AFM, Jahreis G, Baars T. Fatty acid profiles and antioxidants of organic and conventional milk from low- and high-input systems during outdoor period. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:529-539. [PMID: 24898881 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensification of organic dairy production leads to the question of whether the implementation of intensive feeding incorporating maize silage and concentrates is altering milk quality. Therefore the fatty acid (FA) and antioxidant (AO) profiles of milk on 24 farms divided into four system groups in three replications (n = 71) during the outdoor period were analyzed. In this system comparison, a differentiation of the system groups and the effects of the main system factors 'intensification level' (high-input versus low-input) and 'origin' (organic versus conventional) were evaluated in a multivariate statistical approach. RESULTS Consistent differentiation of milk from the system groups due to feeding-related impacts was possible in general and on the basis of 15 markers. The prediction of the main system factors was based on four or five markers. The prediction of 'intensification level' was based mainly on CLA c9,t11 and C18:1 t11, whereas that of 'origin' was based on n-3 PUFA. CONCLUSION It was possible to demonstrate consistent differences in the FA and AO profiles of organic and standard conventional milk samples. Highest concentrations of nutritionally beneficial compounds were found in the low-input organic system. Adapted grass-based feeding strategies including pasture offer the potential to produce a distinguishable organic milk product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kusche
- Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Kassel University, Nordbahnhofstraße 1a, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
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Elaidic, vaccenic, and rumenic acid status during pregnancy: association with maternal plasmatic LC-PUFAs and atopic manifestations in infants. Pediatr Res 2014; 76:470-6. [PMID: 25119335 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored whether fetal exposure to trans fatty acids (TFAs) influences the inception of atopic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the concentration of specific TFAs (elaidic, vaccenic, and rumenic acids) in maternal plasma and the risk of developing atopic manifestations in the first year of life. METHODS A subsample from a population-based pregnancy cohort of the INMA Project was analyzed. Maternal intake of fatty acids was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire (75.5% of the cohort). TFAs and n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were measured in samples of plasmatic phospholipids at 12 wk of pregnancy. Information regarding eczema and wheeze in offspring was obtained through questionnaires at ages 6 and 14 mo. RESULTS Elaidic acid correlated negatively with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (total, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid), and rumenic acid positively with both n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in maternal plasma. Neither of these two fatty acids was associated with the risk of atopic eczema or wheeze in offspring in the first year of life. However, a higher vaccenic acid level was found to be linked to a lower risk of atopic eczema. CONCLUSION High vaccenic acid concentrations in maternal plasma may protect offspring against atopic eczema in infancy.
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Schäfer T, Bauer CP, Beyer K, Bufe A, Friedrichs F, Gieler U, Gronke G, Hamelmann E, Hellermann M, Kleinheinz A, Klimek L, Koletzko S, Kopp M, Lau S, Müsken H, Reese I, Schmidt S, Schnadt S, Sitter H, Strömer K, Vagts J, Vogelberg C, Wahn U, Werfel T, Worm M, Muche-Borowski C. S3-Guideline on allergy prevention: 2014 update: Guideline of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI) and the German Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 23:186-199. [PMID: 26120530 PMCID: PMC4479452 DOI: 10.1007/s40629-014-0022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The continued high prevalence of allergic diseases in Western industrialized nations combined with the limited options for causal therapy make evidence-based primary prevention necessary. The recommendations last published in the S3-guideline on allergy prevention in 2009 have been revised and a consensus reached on the basis of an up-to-date systematic literature search. Evidence was sought for the period between May 2008 and May 2013 in the Cochrane and MEDLINE electronic databases, as well as in the reference lists of recent review articles. In addition, experts were surveyed for their opinions. The relevance of retrieved literature was checked by means of two filter processes: firstly according to title and abstract, and secondly based on the full text of the articles. Included studies were given an evidence grade, and a bias potential (low/high) was specified for study quality. A formal consensus on the revised recommendations was reached by representatives of the relevant specialist societies and (self-help) organizations (nominal group process). Of 3,284 hits, 165 studies (one meta-analysis, 15 systematic reviews, 31 randomized controlled trials, 65 cohort studies, 12 case-control studies and 41 cross-sectional studies) were included and evaluated. Recommendations on the following remain largely unaltered: full breastfeeding for 4 months as a means of allergy prevention (hypoallergenic infant formula in the case of infants at risk); avoidance of overweight; fish consumption (during pregnancy/lactation and in the introduction of solid foods for infants); vaccination according to the recommendations of the German Standing Committee on Vaccination (Ständige Impfkommission, STIKO); avoidance of air pollutants and tobacco exposure and avoidance of indoor conditions conducive to the development of mold. The assertion that a reduction in house-dust mite allergen content as a primary preventive measure is not recommended also remains unchanged. The introduction of solid foods into infant diet should not be delayed. In the case of children at risk cats should not be acquired as domestic pets. Keeping dogs is not associated with an increased risk of allergy. The updated guideline includes a new recommendation to consider the increased risk of asthma following delivery by cesarean section. Additional statements have been formulated on pre- and probiotic agents, psychosocial factors, medications, and various nutritional components. Revising the guideline by using an extensive evidence base has resulted not only in an endorsement of the existing recommendations, but also in modifications and in the addition of new recommendations. The updated guideline enables evidence-based and up-to-date recommendations to be made on allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirsten Beyer
- Charité Allergy Center, Clinic for Pediatrics with Special Focus on Pneumology and Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albrecht Bufe
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Gieler
- Dermatological Clinic, Gießen and Marburg University Clinic, Gießen site, Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Eckard Hamelmann
- Clinic for Pediatric Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Ludger Klimek
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Dr. von Haunersches Children's Hospital, Pediatric Clinic and Pediatric Polyclinic of the Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kopp
- Clinic for Pediatric Medicine, Schleswig-Holstein University Clinic, Lübeck Campus, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susanne Lau
- Charité Allergy Center, Clinic for Pediatrics with Special Focus on Pneumology and Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Imke Reese
- Nutrition Counseling and Therapy with Special Focus on Allergology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Schnadt
- German Allergy and Asthma Association, Monchengladbach, Germany
| | - Helmut Sitter
- Institute for Theoretical Surgery, Marburg University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Strömer
- Professional Association of German Dermatologists, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Jennifer Vagts
- Dermatological Center, Elbe Clinics Stade/Buxtehude, Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Christian Vogelberg
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatric Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Clinic, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wahn
- Charité Allergy Center, Clinic for Pediatrics with Special Focus on Pneumology and Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- Charité Allergy Center, Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Charité University Hospital, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cathleen Muche-Borowski
- German Association of the Scientific Medical Societies, Marburg, Germany ; Institute for General Medicine, Hamburg-Eppendorf University Clinic, Germany, Germany
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Maslova E, Hansen S. Prenatal Dietary Determinants of Asthma and Related Allergic Disorders in Childhood. Curr Nutr Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-014-0089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Park G, Kim HG, Lim S, Lee W, Sim Y, Oh MS. Coriander alleviates 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced contact dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice. J Med Food 2014; 17:862-8. [PMID: 24963872 PMCID: PMC4126273 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact dermatitis (CD) is a pattern of inflammatory responses in the skin that occurs through contact with external factors. The clinical picture is a polymorphic pattern of skin inflammation characterized by a wide range of clinical features, including itching, redness, scaling, and erythema. Coriandrum sativum L. (CS), commonly known as coriander, is a member of the Apiaceae family and is cultivated throughout the world for its nutritional and culinary values. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid in CS have various pharmacological activities. However, no study of the inhibitory effects of CS on CD has been reported. In this study, we demonstrated the protective effect of CS against 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced CD-like skin lesions. CS, at doses of 0.5-1%, applied to the dorsal skin inhibited the development of CD-like skin lesions. Moreover, the Th2-mediated inflammatory cytokines, immunoglobulin E, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, and IL-13, were significantly reduced. In addition, CS increased the levels of total glutathione and heme oxygenase-1 protein. Thus, CS can inhibit the development of CD-like skin lesions in mice by regulating immune mediators and may be an effective alternative therapy for contact diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunhyuk Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soonmin Lim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonil Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeomoon Sim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Lapillonne A, Pastor N, Zhuang W, Scalabrin DMF. Infants fed formula with added long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have reduced incidence of respiratory illnesses and diarrhea during the first year of life. BMC Pediatr 2014; 14:168. [PMID: 24989353 PMCID: PMC4098921 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) may influence the immune system. Our objective was to compare the frequency of common illnesses in infants who received formula with or without added LCPUFAs. METHODS In this observational, multi-center, prospective study, infants consumed formula with 17 mg DHA and 34 mg ARA/100 kcal (n = 233) or with no added DHA or ARA (n = 92). Pediatricians recorded respiratory illnesses, otitis media, eczema, and diarrhea through 1 year of age. RESULTS Infants who consumed formula with DHA/ARA had lower incidence of bronchitis/bronchiolitis (P = 0.004), croup (P = 0.044), nasal congestion (P = 0.001), cough (P = 0.014), and diarrhea requiring medical attention (P = 0.034). The odds ratio (OR) of having at least one episode of bronchitis/bronchiolitis (0.41, 95% CI 0.24, 0.70; P = 0.001), croup (0.23, 95% CI 0.05, 0.97; P = 0.045), nasal congestion (0.37, 95% CI 0.20, 0.66; P = 0.001), cough (0.52, 95% CI 0.32, 0.86; P = 0.011), and diarrhea requiring medical attention (0.51, 95% CI 0.28, 0.92; P = 0.026) was lower in infants fed DHA/ARA. The OR of an increased number of episodes of bronchitis/bronchiolitis, croup, nasal congestion, cough, and diarrhea, as well as the hazard ratio for shorter time to first episode of bronchitis/bronchiolitis, nasal congestion, cough, and diarrhea were also significantly lower in the DHA/ARA group. CONCLUSIONS In healthy infants, formula with DHA/ARA was associated with lower incidence of common respiratory symptoms and illnesses, as well as diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lapillonne
- Department of Neonatology, APHP Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Nitida Pastor
- Department of Medical Affairs, Clinical Research, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, USA
| | - Weihong Zhuang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Clinical Research, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, USA
| | - Deolinda MF Scalabrin
- Department of Medical Affairs, Clinical Research, Mead Johnson Nutrition, Evansville, USA
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Ozawa N, Shimojo N, Suzuki Y, Ochiai S, Nakano T, Morita Y, Inoue Y, Arima T, Suzuki S, Kohno Y. Maternal intake of Natto, a Japan's traditional fermented soybean food, during pregnancy and the risk of eczema in Japanese babies. Allergol Int 2014; 63:261-6. [PMID: 24759553 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.13-oa-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are reports that the maternal diet during pregnancy may affect development of babies' eczema. We sought to investigate the association between the maternal diet during pregnancy and the risk of eczema in infancy in Japan. METHODS A birth cohort was set up at 2 hospitals in Chiba city. Dietary habits concerning fish, butter, margarine, yogurt and natto during pregnancy was obtained from mothers just after delivery. The intake frequencies of these foods were classified into four groups: 1) daily, 2) 2-3 times a week, 3) once a week and 4) once a month or less. Diagnosis of eczema at 6 months of age was made by the presence of an itchy rash that persisted more than two months. RESULTS Valid data on 650 mother-baby pairs were obtained. No relationship between frequencies of the maternal intake of fish, margarine and yogurt during pregnancy and the onset rate of the babies' eczema were observed. For butter consumption, the incidence of babies' eczema was significantly higher in the group with daily intake than in those with an intake 2-3 times a week or less (p = 0.044). For natto, incidence of babies' eczema was significantly lower in the group with everyday intake than those eating it 2-3 times a week or less (p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS High frequency intake of natto during pregnancy possibly reduces the incidence of eczema in children at 6 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Ozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichi Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Ochiai
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taiji Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Morita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuzaburo Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayasu Arima
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, National Simoshizu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kohno
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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