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Verdikt R, Armstrong AA, Allard P. Transgenerational inheritance and its modulation by environmental cues. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 152:31-76. [PMID: 36707214 PMCID: PMC9940302 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The epigenome plays an important role in shaping phenotypes. However, whether the environment can alter an organism's phenotype across several generations through epigenetic remodeling in the germline is still a highly debated topic. In this chapter, we briefly review the mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance and their connection with germline development before highlighting specific developmental windows of susceptibility to environmental cues. We further discuss the evidence of transgenerational inheritance to a range of different environmental cues, both epidemiological in humans and experimental in rodent models. Doing so, we pinpoint the current challenges in demonstrating transgenerational inheritance to environmental cues and offer insight in how recent technological advances may help deciphering the epigenetic mechanisms at play. Together, we draw a detailed picture of how our environment can influence our epigenomes, ultimately reshaping our phenotypes, in an extended theory of inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Verdikt
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Abigail A Armstrong
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Allard
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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2
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Anwer H, Mason D, Zajitschek S, Hesselson D, Noble DWA, Morris MJ, Lagisz M, Nakagawa S. Intergenerational effects of overfeeding on aversive learning in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9423. [PMID: 36311397 PMCID: PMC9596326 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic is concerning as obesity appears to negatively impact cognition and behavior. Furthermore, some studies suggest that this negative effect could be carried across generations from both mothers and fathers although evidence is not consistent. Here, we attempt to address how obesogenic diets in the parental generation (F0) can impact offspring's cognition and anxiety intergenerationally (F1) in a zebrafish model. We compare both mean trait values and their variances. Using a multifactorial design, we created a total of four groups: F1T (treatment mothers × treatment fathers); F1M (treatment mothers × control fathers); F1P (treatment fathers × control mothers); and F1C (control mothers × control fathers, F1C); and subjected them to anxiety tank tests and aversive learning assays. When both parents were exposed, offspring (F1T) displayed the poorest aversive learning, while offspring that only had one parent exposed (F1P and F1M) learnt the aversive learning task the best. Zebrafish in all groups displayed no statistically significant differences in anxiety-associated behaviors. Males and females also performed similarly in both anxiety and aversive learning assays. While all F1 groups had similar levels of fasting blood glucose, variance in glucose levels were reduced in F1P and F1T indicating the importance of investigating heteroskedasticity between groups. Furthermore, anxiety behaviors of these two groups appeared to be less repeatable. To our knowledge, this is the first study to test the intergenerational effects of an obesogenic diet on zebrafish cognition. Our multifactorial design as well as repeated tests also allowed us to disentangle maternal and paternal effects (as well as combined effects) and accurately detect subtle information such as between-individual variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Anwer
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurst, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Dominic Mason
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurst, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Susanne Zajitschek
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurst, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Liverpool John Moores UniversitySchool of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpoolUK
| | - Daniel Hesselson
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurst, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Daniel W. A. Noble
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurst, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Diabetes and Metabolism DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurst, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Lønnebotn M, Calciano L, Johannessen A, Jarvis DL, Abramson MJ, Benediktsdóttir B, Bråbäck L, Franklin KA, Godoy R, Holm M, Janson C, Jõgi NO, Kirkeleit J, Malinovschi A, Pereira-Vega A, Schlünssen V, Dharmage SC, Accordini S, Gómez Real F, Svanes C. Parental Prepuberty Overweight and Offspring Lung Function. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071506. [PMID: 35406119 PMCID: PMC9002985 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In a recent study we found that fathers' but not mothers' onset of overweight in puberty was associated with asthma in adult offspring. The potential impact on offspring's adult lung function, a key marker of general and respiratory health, has not been studied. We investigated the potential causal effects of parents' overweight on adult offspring's lung function within the paternal and maternal lines. We included 929 offspring (aged 18-54, 54% daughters) of 308 fathers and 388 mothers (aged 40-66). Counterfactual-based multi-group mediation analyses by offspring's sex (potential moderator) were used, with offspring's prepubertal overweight and/or adult height as potential mediators. Unknown confounding was addressed by simulation analyses. Fathers' overweight before puberty had a negative indirect effect, mediated through sons' height, on sons' forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (beta (95% CI): -144 (-272, -23) mL) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (beta (95% CI): -210 (-380, -34) mL), and a negative direct effect on sons' FVC (beta (95% CI): -262 (-501, -9) mL); statistically significant effects on FEV1/FVC were not observed. Mothers' overweight before puberty had neither direct nor indirect effects on offspring's lung function. Fathers' overweight starting before puberty appears to cause lower FEV1 and FVC in their future sons. The effects were partly mediated through sons' adult height but not through sons' prepubertal overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Lønnebotn
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (A.J.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-9596-8484
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (A.J.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Deborah L. Jarvis
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Michael J. Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | | | - Lennart Bråbäck
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Karl A. Franklin
- The Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeaa, Sweden;
| | - Raúl Godoy
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Complex of Albacete, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Mathias Holm
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Nils O. Jõgi
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (F.G.R.)
| | - Jorunn Kirkeleit
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (A.J.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Antonio Pereira-Vega
- Pneumology Service, Juan Ramón Jiménez University Hospital in Huelva, 21005 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Environment, Work and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shyamali C. Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Francisco Gómez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (F.G.R.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5053 Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (A.J.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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4
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Akinkugbe AA, Brickhouse TH, Bandyopadhyay D, Nascimento MM, Slade GD. Prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain and offspring caries experience: Avon longitudinal study of parents and children. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266247. [PMID: 35358251 PMCID: PMC8970488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-existing maternal overweight/obesity and pregnancy weight gain are associated with adverse birth outcomes such as low birth weight and prematurity, which may increase the risk of developmental tooth defects and early childhood caries. We sought to investigate the association between prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain (GWG) and the risk of early childhood caries. Data from 1,429 mother-offspring participants of the 1991/1992 Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were analyzed. The exposures were prepregnancy BMI (under/normal weight vs. overweight/obese), and gestational weight gain (GWG) based on the Institute of Medicine’s recommended levels. The main outcome measured was offspring caries experience determined by clinical oral examinations at three time points. Log binomial regression estimated risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Seventy six percent (76%) of the mothers were under/normal weight prepregnancy, 39% and 26% respectively gained less and more than the recommended weight for their prepregnancy BMI during pregnancy. Being overweight/obese prepregnancy was associated with unadjusted RR (95% CI) of offspring caries of 1.16 (0.90, 1.51) at 31-months, 1.20 (0.96, 1.49) at 43-months and 1.09 (0.91, 1.30) at 61-months. GWG less than recommended was associated with higher unadjusted offspring caries experience of 1.13 (0.86, 1.48), 1.17 (0.92, 1.48) and 1.04 (0.87, 1.25) at 31-months, 43-months and 61-months respectively. There was insufficient evidence to indicate an association between prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain on offspring caries experience risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke A. Akinkugbe
- Department of Dental Public Health and Policy, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Institute for Inclusion, Inquiry, and Innovation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Tegwyn H. Brickhouse
- Department of Dental Public Health and Policy, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Institute for Inclusion, Inquiry, and Innovation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Marcelle M. Nascimento
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gary D. Slade
- Pediatric Public Health Department, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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5
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Cortopassi MD, Ramachandran D, Rubio WB, Hochbaum D, Sabatini BL, Banks AS. Analysis of Thermogenesis Experiments with CalR. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2448:43-72. [PMID: 35167089 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2087-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Modern indirect calorimetry systems allow for high-frequency time series measurements of the factors affected by thermogenesis: energy intake and energy expenditure. These indirect calorimetry systems generate a flood of raw data recording oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, physical activity, and food intake among other factors. Analysis of these data requires time-consuming manual manipulation for formatting, data cleaning, quality control, and visualization. Beyond data handling, analyses of indirect calorimetry experiments require specialized statistical treatment to account for differential contributions of fat mass and lean mass to metabolic rates.Here we describe how to use the software package CalR version 1.2, to analyze indirect calorimetry data from three examples of thermogenesis, cold exposure, adrenergic agonism, and hyperthyroidism in mice, by providing standardized methods for reproducible research. CalR is a free online tool with an easy-to-use graphical user interface to import data files from the Columbus Instruments' CLAMS, Sable Systems' Promethion, and TSE Systems' PhenoMaster. Once loaded, CalR can quickly visualize experimental results and perform basic statistical analyses. We present a framework that standardizes the data structures and analyses of indirect calorimetry experiments to provide reusable and reproducible methods for the physiological data affecting body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D Cortopassi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepti Ramachandran
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William B Rubio
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Hochbaum
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Bastos NM, Rossi GF, da Silva Leão BC, Negrão F, Ferreira CR, Vrisman DP, Rodrigues NN, Zorzetto MF, de Paula Freitas-Dell'Aqua C, Vantini R, Monteiro FM, Mercadante MEZ, Eberlin MN, de Lima VFMH, Mingoti GZ. Effects of paternal diet and antioxidant addition to the semen extender on bovine semen characteristics and on the phenotype of the resulting embryo. Theriogenology 2021; 175:23-33. [PMID: 34481227 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of long-term dietary supplementation of young Nellore bulls with rumen-protected polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and of the inclusion of catalase in the semen extender on semen quality, in vitro sperm fertilizing ability, and intracytoplasmic lipid content in the resulting embryos. Twelve Nellore bulls were supplemented with rumen-protected PUFAs or with a basal diet from 14 to 24 months of age. The semen was collected at the end of supplementation. For cryopreservation, the ejaculate was divided into two equal volumes and catalase was added to the extender in one of the fractions. Thus, the experimental design consisted of a 2 × 2 factorial scheme with two diets (control and PUFA) and two extenders (Cat+ and Cat-). Total motility and the percentage of rapid cells in fresh semen were negatively affected by dietary supplementation with PUFAs (P < 0.05), but these effects did not persist after freezing. The frozen/thawed semen of animals fed PUFAs exhibited an increase in the percentages of damaged plasma and acrosomal membranes, as well as an increase in the proportion of lipids ions at m/z 578 and m/z 757 detected by MALDI-MS. Nevertheless, there was no effect of the treatments on in vitro embryo development. However, embryos derived from bulls supplemented with PUFAs exhibited higher lipid accumulation compared to control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, PUFA supplementation promoted worsening of semen quality without affecting the in vitro sperm fertilizing ability; however, the paternal diet affected the intracytoplasmic lipid content in the resulting embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Marins Bastos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Animal Reproduction, Graduate Program in Genetics and Animal Breeding, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Campus Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Fazan Rossi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Animal Reproduction, Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Campus Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Caetano da Silva Leão
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Animal Reproduction, Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Campus Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Negrão
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL, USA; ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitaária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christina Ramires Ferreira
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitaária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Dayane Priscila Vrisman
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Animal Reproduction, Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Campus Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naiara Nantes Rodrigues
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Animal Reproduction, Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Campus Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberta Vantini
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Animal Reproduction, Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Campus Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Morato Monteiro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Animal Reproduction, Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Campus Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ/APTA), Sertãozinho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitaária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Fernanda Martins Hossepian de Lima
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Animal Reproduction, Graduate Program in Genetics and Animal Breeding, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Campus Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Zoccal Mingoti
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Animal Reproduction, Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Campus Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Campus Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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7
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Merrill SM, Moore SR, Gladish N, Giesbrecht GF, Dewey D, Konwar C, MacIssac JL, Kobor MS, Letourneau NL. Paternal adverse childhood experiences: Associations with infant DNA methylation. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22174. [PMID: 34333774 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), or cumulative childhood stress exposures, such as abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, predict later health problems in both the exposed individuals and their offspring. One potential explanation suggests exposure to early adversity predicts epigenetic modification, especially DNA methylation (DNAm), linked to later health. Stress experienced preconception by mothers may associate with DNAm in the next generation. We hypothesized that fathers' exposure to ACEs also associates with their offspring DNAm, which, to our knowledge, has not been previously explored. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of blood DNAm (n = 45) from 3-month-old infants was regressed onto fathers' retrospective ACEs at multiple Cytosine-phosphate-Guanosine (CpG) sites to discover associations. This accounted for infants' sex, age, ethnicity, cell type proportion, and genetic variability. Higher ACE scores associated with methylation values at eight CpGs. Post-hoc analysis found no contribution of paternal education, income, marital status, and parental postpartum depression, but did with paternal smoking and BMI along with infant sleep latency. These same CpGs also contributed to the association between paternal ACEs and offspring attention problems at 3 years. Collectively, these findings suggested there were biological associations with paternal early life adversity and offspring DNAm in infancy, potentially affecting offspring later childhood outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Merrill
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah R Moore
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicole Gladish
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gerald F Giesbrecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chaini Konwar
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julia L MacIssac
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Program in Child and Brain Development, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole L Letourneau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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8
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Genitsaridi SM, Giannios C, Karampatsou S, Papageorgiou I, Papadopoulos G, Farakla I, Koui E, Georgiou A, Romas S, Terzioglou E, Papathanasiou C, Kassari P, Manios Y, Charmandari E. A Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Management Plan Is Effective in Reducing the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence. Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 93:94-107. [PMID: 32580197 DOI: 10.1159/000507760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in childhood and adolescence represents a major health problem of our century. In Greece, 30-35% of children and adolescents are overweight or obese. Objective and Hypotheses: To investigate the effectiveness of a comprehensive multidisciplinary personalized management plan at reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence. PATIENTS AND METHODS One thousand (n = 1,000) children and adolescents aged 2-18 years (mean age ± SD: 10.09 ± 2.86 years; 520 females, 480 males) were studied prospectively. Subjects were classified as obese (n = 579, 57.9%), overweight (n = 295, 29.5%) or having a normal body mass index (BMI) (n = 126, 12.6%) according to the International Obesity Task Force cutoff points. All subjects were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team at frequent intervals, received personalized advice on diet and exercise and were studied prospectively for 1 year. Detailed clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations were performed at the beginning and at the end of the study. RESULTS At initial evaluation, 57.9% of subjects were obese, 29.5% overweight and 12.6% of normal BMI. Indices of cardiometabolic disease were higher in obese than in overweight and normal-BMI subjects. Following 1 year of multidisciplinary management interventions, the prevalence of obesity decreased by 16.8%, the prevalence of normal BMI increased by 8.2%, and all cardiometabolic indices improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS A personalized multidisciplinary management plan is effective at reducing the prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia-Maria Genitsaridi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece,
| | - Christos Giannios
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Karampatsou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ifigeneia Papageorgiou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Papadopoulos
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Farakla
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Koui
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Georgiou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Nutrition, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatis Romas
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Terzioglou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Chryssanthi Papathanasiou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Penio Kassari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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9
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Breton CV, Landon R, Kahn LG, Enlow MB, Peterson AK, Bastain T, Braun J, Comstock SS, Duarte CS, Hipwell A, Ji H, LaSalle JM, Miller RL, Musci R, Posner J, Schmidt R, Suglia SF, Tung I, Weisenberger D, Zhu Y, Fry R. Exploring the evidence for epigenetic regulation of environmental influences on child health across generations. Commun Biol 2021; 4:769. [PMID: 34158610 PMCID: PMC8219763 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposures, psychosocial stressors and nutrition are all potentially important influences that may impact health outcomes directly or via interactions with the genome or epigenome over generations. While there have been clear successes in large-scale human genetic studies in recent decades, there is still a substantial amount of missing heritability to be elucidated for complex childhood disorders. Mounting evidence, primarily in animals, suggests environmental exposures may generate or perpetuate altered health outcomes across one or more generations. One putative mechanism for these environmental health effects is via altered epigenetic regulation. This review highlights the current epidemiologic literature and supporting animal studies that describe intergenerational and transgenerational health effects of environmental exposures. Both maternal and paternal exposures and transmission patterns are considered, with attention paid to the attendant ethical, legal and social implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie V Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Remy Landon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Bosquet Enlow
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicia K Peterson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa Bastain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sarah S Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Cristiane S Duarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Janine M LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, MIND Institute, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Rashelle Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Irene Tung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Weisenberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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10
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Maternal methionine supplementation in mice affects long-term body weight and locomotor activity of adult female offspring. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:1143-1152. [PMID: 34121648 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Methionine is a precursor of s-adenosylmethionine, the main donor of methyl radicals for methylation of DNA and other compounds. Previous studies have shown that reduced availability of methyl radicals during pregnancy/lactation decreased offspring perigonadal white adipose tissue (PWAT) and body weight. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of methionine supplementation during early development, a time of great ontogenic plasticity, by assessing the biometric, biochemical and behavioural parameters of the offspring of adult Swiss female mice supplemented with 1 % methionine in water 1 month before pregnancy, during pregnancy or pregnancy/lactation. After birth, the offspring were distributed into three groups: control (CT), methionine supplementation during pregnancy (SP) and methionine supplementation during pregnancy and lactation (SPL), and were followed until postnatal day (PND) 300. No changes were observed in offspring birth weight in both sexes. At PND 5, 28 and 90, no differences in body weight were found in females; however, at PND 300, SP and SPL females showed an increase in body weight when compared with the control group. This increase in body weight was accompanied by a total and relative increase in PWAT, and a decrease in locomotor activity in these groups. No differences in the body and organ weights were found in male offspring. In conclusion, the increased availability of methyl radicals during pregnancy and lactation impacted long-term body composition and locomotor activity in female offspring.
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11
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Crisóstomo L, Jarak I, Rato LP, Raposo JF, Batterham RL, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Inheritable testicular metabolic memory of high-fat diet causes transgenerational sperm defects in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9444. [PMID: 33941835 PMCID: PMC8093209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of energy-dense diets has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities worldwide. The adoption of unhealthy feeding habits often occurs at early age, prompting the early onset of metabolic disease with unknown consequences for reproductive function later in life. Recently, evidence has emerged regarding the intergenerational and transgenerational effects of high-fat diets (HFD) on sperm parameters and testicular metabolism. Hereby, we study the impact of high-fat feeding male mice (F0) on the testicular metabolome and function of their sons (F1) and grandsons (F2). Testicular content of metabolites related to insulin resistance, cell membrane remodeling, nutritional support and antioxidative stress (leucine, acetate, glycine, glutamine, inosine) were altered in sons and grandsons of mice fed with HFD, comparing to descendants of chow-fed mice. Sperm counts were lower in the grandsons of mice fed with HFD, even if transient. Sperm quality was correlated to testicular metabolite content in all generations. Principal Component Analysis of sperm parameters and testicular metabolites revealed an HFD-related phenotype, especially in the diet-challenged generation and their grandsons. Ancestral HFD, even if transient, causes transgenerational "inherited metabolic memory" in the testicular tissue, characterized by changes in testicular metabolome and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Crisóstomo
- Department of Anatomy and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís P Rato
- Health School of the Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - João F Raposo
- NOVA Medical School - New University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,APDP - Diabetes Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rachel L Batterham
- UCL Centre for Obesity Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.,National Institute of Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, QOPNA & LAQV, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Anatomy and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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12
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A National e-Health Program for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence in Greece. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092858. [PMID: 32961973 PMCID: PMC7551883 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in childhood and adolescence represents one of the most challenging public health problems of the 21st century owing to its epidemic proportions worldwide and the associated significant morbidity, mortality and public health costs. In Greece, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence exceeds 30-35%. To address the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in our country, we developed the 'National e-Health Program for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence', which provides specific and detailed guidance to all primary health care physicians about the personalized management of children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. In the present study we evaluated 2400 children and adolescents [mean age ± SEM: 10.10 ± 0.09 years.; Males: 1088, Females: 1312; Obesity (n = 1370, 57.1%), Overweight (n = 674, 28.1%), normal BMI (n = 356, 14.8%)], who followed the personalized multi-disciplinary management plan specified by the 'National e-Health Program for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence', and were studied prospectively for 1 year. We demonstrated that at the end of the first year, the prevalence of obesity decreased by 32.1%, the prevalence of overweight decreased by 26.7%, and the cardiometabolic risk factors improved significantly. These findings indicate that our National e-Health Program is effective at reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence after one year of intervention in the largest sample size reported to date.
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13
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Rescue of Hepatic Phospholipid Remodeling Defectin iPLA2β-Null Mice Attenuates Obese but Not Non-Obese Fatty Liver. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091332. [PMID: 32957701 PMCID: PMC7565968 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms of group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β or PLA2G6) are positively associated with adiposity, blood lipids, and Type-2 diabetes. The ubiquitously expressed iPLA2β catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids (PLs) to generate a fatty acid and a lysoPL. We studied the role of iPLA2β on PL metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). By using global deletion iPLA2β-null mice, we investigated three NAFLD mouse models; genetic Ob/Ob and long-term high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding (representing obese NAFLD) as well as feeding with methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet (representing non-obese NAFLD). A decrease of hepatic PLs containing monounsaturated- and polyunsaturated fatty acids and a decrease of the ratio between PLs and cholesterol esters were observed in all three NAFLD models. iPLA2β deficiency rescued these decreases in obese, but not in non-obese, NAFLD models. iPLA2β deficiency elicited protection against fatty liver and obesity in the order of Ob/Ob › HFD » MCD. Liver inflammation was not protected in HFD NAFLD, and that liver fibrosis was even exaggerated in non-obese MCD model. Thus, the rescue of hepatic PL remodeling defect observed in iPLA2β-null mice was critical for the protection against NAFLD and obesity. However, iPLA2β deletion in specific cell types such as macrophages may render liver inflammation and fibrosis, independent of steatosis protection.
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14
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Chu CH, Chen HJ, Chang YK. Age, period and birth cohort effects on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Taiwanese adolescents: a national population-based study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 41:90-99. [PMID: 30973960 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The age-period-cohort effects on youth overweight and obesity among junior and senior high school students in Taiwan is not clear. METHODS We utilized the 2006-14 nationally representative School Physical Fitness Dataset. Based on the International Obesity Task Force cut-off criteria, a log-linear age-period-cohort analysis was performed to determine the influence of age, period and cohort on the trend in being overweight, obese and severely obese for both sexes. RESULTS The final dataset included 1073173 individuals (n = 520 382 boys and 552 791 girls). For girls, the prevalence of overweight and obesity declined with age, and the prevalence of overweight declined over time. For boys, the prevalence of overweight and obesity declined with age and over time from 2006 to 2014. The prevalence of severe obesity declined over time and increased with age for the boys. The younger birth cohorts had greater odds of being overweight, obese and severely obese than the older birth cohorts. CONCLUSIONS After differentiating the age-period-cohort effects, the data suggested a decreasing temporal trend in overweight and obesity among adolescents in Taiwan from 2006 to 2014. Among the birth cohorts of the 1990s, the younger cohorts had greater odds of being overweight and obese than the older cohorts when they reached adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Heng Chu
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Jen Chen
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
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15
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Zhu Y, Yan H, Tang M, Fu Y, Hu X, Zhang F, Xing L, Chen D. Impact of maternal prepregnancy body mass index on cognitive and metabolic profiles of singletons born after in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil Steril 2020; 112:1094-1102.e2. [PMID: 31843085 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of elevated maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) on intelligence and growth of singletons after in vitro fertilization (IVF) with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Singletons born to infertile couples who underwent an autologous IVF/ICSI cycle from 2002 to 2012 and were followed up with at the age of 3-6 years from 2009 to 2017. INTERVENTIONS(S) We compared the health of offspring born to overweight/obese women and normal weight women through assisted reproductive technology (ART). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Age- and sex-specific BMI z-scores, verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ), performance intelligence quotient (PIQ), and full intelligence quotient (FIQ). RESULT(S) After adjusting for confounders, obese women were more likely than normal-BMI women to have obese children (20.0% vs. 5.1%), and overweight women had increased risks of having overweight children (13.6% vs. 8.2%) or obese children (10.1% vs. 5.1%) compared with normal-BMI women. Maternal prepregnancy BMI had a weakly negative effect on estimated IQ of children, but after adjusting for parental educational level, the IQ scores of offspring were similar between groups. However, after adjusting for confounders, offspring of obese women showed increased prevalence of intellectual disability (IQ <80) in VIQ (16.9% vs. 8.5%) and FIQ (10.8% vs. 3.9%) compared with normal-BMI women. CONCLUSION(S) Maternal prepregnancy obesity is associated with increased risks for obesity and overweight at early ages in offspring conceived through IVF/ICSI and may also affect the risk of intellectual disability of offspring. Overall, we suggest that weight management is essential for women before entering an IVF/ICSI cycle for ensuring long-term child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huanmiao Yan
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyue Tang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Fu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghong Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanfeng Xing
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Danqing Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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16
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Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Reduces Metabolic Impairment in Male Mouse Offspring from Obese Mothers. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040791. [PMID: 32218167 PMCID: PMC7226525 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity impacts offspring metabolism. We sought to boost mitochondrial energy metabolism using the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to treat metabolic impairment induced by maternal and long-term post weaning over-nutrition. Male offspring of lean or obese mothers, fed chow or high fat diet (HFD) for 30 weeks post-weaning, were given NMN injection, starting at 31 weeks of age, daily for 3 weeks before sacrifice. Glucose tolerance was tested at 10, 29 and 32 weeks of age to measure short and long term effects of post-weaning HFD, and NMN treatment. Plasma insulin and triglycerides, liver triglycerides and expression of mitochondrial metabolism-related genes were measured at 34 weeks. Impaired glucose tolerance due to maternal and post weaning HFD was significantly improved by only 8 days of NMN treatment. Furthermore, in offspring of obese mothers hepatic lipid accumulation was reduced due to NMN treatment by 50% and 23% in chow and HFD fed offspring respectively. Hepatic genes involved in fat synthesis, transport and uptake were reduced, while those involved in fatty acid oxidation were increased by NMN. Overall this finding suggests short term administration of NMN could be a therapeutic approach for treating metabolic disease due to maternal and post weaning over-nutrition, even in late adulthood.
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17
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Emborski C, Mikheyev AS. Ancestral diet transgenerationally influences offspring in a parent-of-origin and sex-specific manner. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180181. [PMID: 30966955 PMCID: PMC6365861 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parent-of-origin effects, whereby specific phenotypes are differentially inherited paternally or maternally, provide useful clues to better understand transgenerational effect transmission. Ancestral diet influences offspring phenotypes, including body composition and fitness. However, the specific role that mothers and fathers play in the transmission of altered phenotypes to male and female offspring remains unclear. We investigated the influence of the parent-of-origin's diet on adult progeny phenotypes and reproductive output for three generations in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). Males and females reared on a control diet were exposed to the control diet or one of two altered (no- or high-) sugar treatment diets for a single generation. Flies from one of the two altered diet treatments were then mated to control flies in a full-factorial design to produce F1 offspring and kept on control media for each following generation. We found parent-of-origin (triglyceride) and non-parent-of-origin (sugar) body composition effects, which were transgenerational and sex-specific. Additionally, we observed a negative correlation between intergenerational maternal reproductive output and triglyceride levels, suggesting that ancestral diet may affect fitness. This work demonstrates that ancestral diet can transmit altered phenotypes in a parent-of-origin and sex-specific manner and highlights that mechanisms regulating such transmission have been greatly overlooked. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of plasticity in phenotypic adaptation to rapid environmental change’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Emborski
- 1 The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79416 , USA.,2 Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology , 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Kunigami District, Okinawa Prefecture 904-0495 , Japan
| | - Alexander S Mikheyev
- 2 Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology , 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Kunigami District, Okinawa Prefecture 904-0495 , Japan.,3 Research School of Biology, Australia National University , 134 Linnaeus Way, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
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18
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Silva MJ, Riggs E, Kilpatrick NM. Getting ahead of the oral health game: it starts before we're born? Aust Dent J 2020; 64 Suppl 1:S4-S9. [PMID: 31144325 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting individuals of all ages. Caries in the primary dentition is one of the main risk factors for caries in the permanent dentition. Preventing the development of the first carious lesion is fundamental not only to long term health and wellbeing but to reducing the burden of this disease on individuals, families and the community. Described as the developmental origins of health and disease, events from the prenatal period are increasingly recognised as having a significant impact on later health outcomes. While social and behavioural factors from this period have long been linked with oral health, emerging evidence of the influence of epigenetics and early life programming of microbiome and host response suggests that the prenatal period provides a timely opportunity for preventive interventions. Pregnancy is an ideal time to focus on health promoting activities as most women have regular interaction with health care professionals who can target risk factors before the onset of disease. This paper summarizes contemporary understanding of the role of pre- and perinatal factors on child oral health and describes how this evidence might be used by all health professionals to ensure infants start life ahead in the oral health game.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Silva
- Facial Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Inflammatory Origins, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Riggs
- Intergenerational Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N M Kilpatrick
- Facial Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Silva MJ, Kilpatrick NM, Craig JM, Manton DJ, Leong P, Burgner DP, Scurrah KJ. Genetic and Early-Life Environmental Influences on Dental Caries Risk: A Twin Study. Pediatrics 2019; 143:peds.2018-3499. [PMID: 31028158 PMCID: PMC6564063 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-3499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences on dental caries risk and to investigate fetal and developmental risk factors for dental caries. METHODS We recruited children from 250 twin pregnancies midgestation and collected demographic, health, and phenotypic data at recruitment, 24 and 36 weeks' gestational age, birth and 18 months, and 6 years of age. 25-hydroxyvitamin D was quantified in mothers at 28 weeks' gestation and in infants at birth. Dental caries and enamel defects were measured at six years of age. We compared concordance for the presence of any caries and advanced caries in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. To investigate environmental risk factors for caries, we fitted multiple logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations to adjust for twin correlation. RESULTS A total of 345 twins underwent dental assessment, with 111 (32.2%) showing signs of any caries and 83 (24.1%) having advanced caries. There was no evidence of higher concordance in monozygotic twins compared with dizygotic twins, with a difference of 0.05 (95% confidence interval -0.14 to 0.25; P = .30) and 0.00 (95% confidence interval -0.26 to 0.26; P = .50) for any caries and advanced caries, respectively, suggesting that environmental factors, rather than genetics, are the predominant determinant of caries risk. After adjusting for potential confounders, lack of community water fluoridation, hypomineralized second primary molars, dichorionic placenta, and maternal obesity were associated with caries. CONCLUSIONS Environmental rather than genetic factors drive dental caries risk and arise as early as prenatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihiri J. Silva
- Facial Sciences,,Inflammatory Origins, and,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School
| | | | - Jeffrey M. Craig
- Molecular Epidemiology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia;,Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Pamela Leong
- Molecular Epidemiology, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia;,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School
| | - David P. Burgner
- Inflammatory Origins, and,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School,,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; and,Infectious Diseases, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katrina J. Scurrah
- Facial Sciences,,School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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20
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de Castro Barbosa T, Alm PS, Krook A, Barrès R, Zierath JR. Paternal high-fat diet transgenerationally impacts hepatic immunometabolism. FASEB J 2019; 33:6269-6280. [PMID: 30768368 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801879rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Paternal preconceptional high-fat diet (HFD) alters whole-body glucose and energy homeostasis over several generations, which may be mediated by altered transcriptomic profiles of metabolic organs. We investigated the effect of paternal HFD on the hepatic transcriptomic and metabolic signatures of female grand-offspring. Paternal HFD strongly impacted the liver transcriptome of the second-generation offspring. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed grandpaternal-HFD altered the TNF-α signaling via NFκB pathway, independent of the grand-offspring's diet. Reduction in the hepatic cytokine levels, including the TNF-α, as well as NFκB content and activity, suggest that the basal inflammatory response in F2 rats is disturbed. GSEA also show altered expression of various genes annotated to the fatty acid metabolism. Grandpaternal-HFD reduced G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) expression, concomitant with reduced hepatic triglyceride content in F2 rats. In conclusion, the hepatic transcriptome is altered in grand-offspring from HFD-fed grandfathers. Altered TNF-α/NFκB signaling and levels of inflammatory cytokines indicate grandpaternal HFD impacts hepatic immunometabolism. Overall, our findings indicate that paternal exposure to environmental factors transgenerationally reprograms metabolism in a tissue-specific manner, affecting the development and health of future generations.-De Castro Barbosa, T., Alm, P. S., Krook, A., Barrès, R., Zierath, J. R. Paternal high-fat diet transgenerationally impacts hepatic immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petter S Alm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Otto AC, Gan-Schreier H, Zhu X, Tuma-Kellner S, Staffer S, Ganzha A, Liebisch G, Chamulitrat W. Group VIA phospholipase A2 deficiency in mice chronically fed with high-fat-diet attenuates hepatic steatosis by correcting a defect of phospholipid remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:662-676. [PMID: 30735855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A defect of hepatic remodeling of phospholipids (PL) is seen in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis (NASH) indicating pivotal role of PL metabolism in this disease. The deletion of group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPla2β) protects ob/ob mice from hepatic steatosis (BBAlip 1861, 2016, 440-461), however its role in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NASH is still elusive. Here, wild-type and iPla2β-null mice were subjected to chronic feeding with HFD for 6 months. We showed that protection was observed in iPla2β-null mice with an attenuation of diet-induced body and liver-weight gains, liver enzymes, serum free fatty acids as well as hepatic TG and steatosis scores. iPla2β deficiency under HFD attenuated the levels of 1-stearoyl lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) as well as elevation of hepatic arachidonate, arachidonate-containing cholesterol esters and prostaglandin E2. More importantly, this deficiency rescued a defect in PL remodeling and attenuated the ratio of saturated and unsaturated PL. The protection by iPla2β deficiency was not observed during short-term HFD feeding of 3 or 5 weeks which showed no PL remodeling defect. In addition to PC/PE, this deficiency reversed the suppression of PC/PI and PE/PI among monounsaturated PL. However, this deficiency did not modulate hepatic PL contents and PL ratios in ER fractions, ER stress, fibrosis, and inflammation markers. Hence, iPla2β inactivation protected mice against hepatic steatosis and obesity during chronic dietary NASH by correcting PL remodeling defect and PI composition relative to PC and PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Otto
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongying Gan-Schreier
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xingya Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Staffer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Ganzha
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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22
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Schoppa I, Lyass A, Heard-Costa N, de Ferranti SD, Fox C, Gillman MW, D'Agostino R, Levy D, Mendelson MM. Association of Maternal Prepregnancy Weight with Offspring Adiposity Throughout Adulthood over 37 Years of Follow-up. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:137-144. [PMID: 30474203 PMCID: PMC6309198 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the relation of maternal prepregnancy weight with offspring BMI across adulthood from almost 40 years of follow-up. METHODS BMI was measured in Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort participants between 1971 and 2008. The association of maternal prepregnancy weight category (ascertained via direct measure and questionnaire) with serial offspring BMI, overweight, obesity, and change in BMI over time was tested, adjusted for age, sex, and a BMI genetic risk score; secondary models additionally adjusted for physical activity, dietary factors, smoking, education, and familial relatedness. RESULTS Among 863 participants at initial assessment (83 exposed and 780 controls), mean (SD) age was 33 (10) years, 53% were female, and mean BMI was 24.5 (4.1) kg/m2 . Exposed offspring BMI was higher at every examination cycle, ranging from 1.5 (0.5) to 3.0 (0.5) kg/m2 (P < 0.001), with larger differences at later assessments. The rate of increase in offspring BMI over time was higher in exposed offspring before the age of 50 years (β [SE] = 0.07 [0.02] kg/m2 per year; P = 0.004) but not after the age of 50 years (-0.05 [0.04] kg/m2 per year; P = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS Maternal prepregnancy weight is associated with greater offspring BMI throughout adulthood, with more rapid weight acceleration in early and midadulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Schoppa
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Population Studies Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Asya Lyass
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy Heard-Costa
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah D de Ferranti
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caroline Fox
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Population Studies Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew W Gillman
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ralph D'Agostino
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Population Studies Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael M Mendelson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Population Studies Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Larkin BP, Glastras SJ, Chen H, Pollock CA, Saad S. DNA methylation and the potential role of demethylating agents in prevention of progressive chronic kidney disease. FASEB J 2018; 32:5215-5226. [PMID: 29688808 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800205r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global epidemic, and its major risk factors include obesity and type 2 diabetes. Obesity not only promotes metabolic dysregulation and the development of diabetic kidney disease but also may independently lead to CKD by a variety of mechanisms, including endocrine and metabolic dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, altered renal hemodynamics, and lipotoxicity. Deleterious renal effects of obesity can also be transmitted from one generation to the next, and it is increasingly recognized that offspring of obese mothers are predisposed to CKD. Epigenetic modifications are changes that regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Of these, DNA methylation is the most studied. Epigenetic imprints, particularly DNA methylation, are laid down during critical periods of fetal development, and they may provide a mechanism by which maternal-fetal transmission of chronic disease occurs. Our current review explores the evidence for the role of DNA methylation in the development of CKD, diabetic kidney disease, diabetes, and obesity. DNA methylation has been implicated in renal fibrosis-the final pathophysiologic pathway in the development of end-stage kidney disease-which supports the notion that demethylating agents may play a potential therapeutic role in preventing development and progression of CKD.-Larkin, B. P., Glastras, S. J., Chen, H., Pollock, C. A., Saad, S. DNA methylation and the potential role of demethylating agents in prevention of progressive chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Larkin
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah J Glastras
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Illum LRH, Bak ST, Lund S, Nielsen AL. DNA methylation in epigenetic inheritance of metabolic diseases through the male germ line. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:R39-R56. [PMID: 29203518 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The global rise in metabolic diseases can be attributed to a complex interplay between biology, behavior and environmental factors. This article reviews the current literature concerning DNA methylation-based epigenetic inheritance (intergenerational and transgenerational) of metabolic diseases through the male germ line. Included are a presentation of the basic principles for DNA methylation in developmental programming, and a description of windows of susceptibility for the inheritance of environmentally induced aberrations in DNA methylation and their associated metabolic disease phenotypes. To this end, escapees, genomic regions with the intrinsic potential to transmit acquired paternal epigenetic information across generations by escaping the extensive programmed DNA demethylation that occurs during gametogenesis and in the zygote, are described. The ongoing descriptive and functional examinations of DNA methylation in the relevant biological samples, in conjugation with analyses of non-coding RNA and histone modifications, hold promise for improved delineation of the effect size and mechanistic background for epigenetic inheritance of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stine Thorhauge Bak
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sten Lund
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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25
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Huang JY, Siscovick DS, Hochner H, Friedlander Y, Enquobahrie DA. Maternal gestational weight gain and DNA methylation in young women: application of life course mediation methods. Epigenomics 2017; 9:1559-1571. [PMID: 29106309 PMCID: PMC5704089 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and prepregnancy BMI on programming offspring DNA methylation. METHODS Among 589 adult (age = 32) women participants of the Jerusalem Perinatal Study, we quantified DNA methylation in five candidate genes. We used inverse probability-weighting and parametric g-formula to estimate direct effects of maternal prepregnancy BMI and GWG on methylation. RESULTS Higher maternal GWG, but not prepregnancy BMI, was inversely related to offspring ABCA1 methylation (β = -1.1% per quartile; 95% CI: -2.0, -0.3) after accounting for ancestry, parental and offspring exposures. Total and controlled direct effects were nearly identical suggesting included offspring exposures did not mediate this relationship. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses for missing data and model specification. CONCLUSION We find some support for epigenetic programming and highlight strengths and limitations of these methods relative to other prevailing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Y Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health; Institute for Health & Social Policy; McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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26
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Guo P, Rivera DE, Savage JS, Downs DS. State Estimation Under Correlated Partial Measurement Losses: Implications for Weight Control Interventions. IFAC-PAPERSONLINE 2017; 50:13532-13537. [PMID: 29242854 PMCID: PMC5726602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The growing prevalence of obesity and related health problems warrants immediate need for effective weight control interventions. Quantitative energy balance models serve as powerful tools to assist in these interventions, as a result of their ability to accurately predict individual weight change based on reliable measurements of energy intake and energy expenditure. However, the data collected in most existing weight interventions is self-monitored; these measurements often have significant noise or experience losses resulting from participant non-adherence, which in turn, limits accurate model estimation. To address this issue, we develop a Kalman filter-based estimation algorithm for a practical scenario where on-line state estimation for weight, or energy intake/expenditure is still possible despite correlated partial data losses. To account for non-linearities in the models, an algorithm based on extended Kalman filtering is also developed for sequential state estimation in the presence of missing data. Simulation studies are presented to illustrate the performance of the algorithms and the potential benefits of these techniques in real-life interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghong Guo
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Daniel E Rivera
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Jennifer S Savage
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research and the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Danielle S Downs
- Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
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27
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Preconception health behaviours: A scoping review. Prev Med 2017; 96:1-15. [PMID: 27939264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Preconception health refers to the health of males and females at any point in time prior to a potential pregnancy. A goal of preconception health research is to use preventive behaviour and healthcare to optimize the health of future offspring that result from both planned and unplanned pregnancies. This paper briefly reviews evidence of the importance of various preconception health behaviours, and examines the extent to which specific preconception health behaviours have been included in recent studies of such knowledge, behaviours, and intentions. To describe this recent research in highly developed countries, a scoping review of the literature was completed of studies published within the past seven years. A total of 94 studies on preconception health were identified and reviewed: (a) 15 examined knowledge and attitudes, (b) 68 studied behaviours, (c) 18 examined interventions designed to improve knowledge or behaviour, and (d) no studies examined intentions to engage in preconception health behaviours. Over 40% of studies examining preconception health behaviour focussed exclusively on folic acid. Overall, folic acid, alcohol, and cigarettes have consistently been topics of focus, while exposure to harmful environmental substances, stress, and sleep have been largely neglected. Despite strong evidence for the importance of men's health during the preconception period, only 11% of all studies included male participants. Based on existing gaps in the research, recommendations are provided, such as including men in future research, assessing a wider variety of behaviours, consideration of behavioural intentions, and consideration of the relationships between preconception health knowledge, intentions, and behaviour.
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28
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Kang I, Buckner T, Shay NF, Gu L, Chung S. Improvements in Metabolic Health with Consumption of Ellagic Acid and Subsequent Conversion into Urolithins: Evidence and Mechanisms. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:961-72. [PMID: 27633111 PMCID: PMC5015040 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a naturally occurring polyphenol found in some fruits and nuts, including berries, pomegranates, grapes, and walnuts. EA has been investigated extensively because of its antiproliferative action in some cancers, along with its anti-inflammatory effects. A growing body of evidence suggests that the intake of EA is effective in attenuating obesity and ameliorating obesity-mediated metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize how intake of EA regulates lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo, and delineate the potential mechanisms of action of EA on obesity-mediated metabolic complications. We also discuss EA as an epigenetic effector, as well as a modulator of the gut microbiome, suggesting that EA may exert a broader spectrum of health benefits than has been demonstrated to date. Therefore, this review aims to suggest the potential metabolic benefits of consumption of EA-containing fruits and nuts against obesity-associated health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inhae Kang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Teresa Buckner
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Neil F Shay
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; and
| | - Liwei Gu
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE;
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29
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Soubry A, Guo L, Huang Z, Hoyo C, Romanus S, Price T, Murphy SK. Obesity-related DNA methylation at imprinted genes in human sperm: Results from the TIEGER study. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:51. [PMID: 27158277 PMCID: PMC4859994 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic reprogramming in mammalian gametes resets methylation marks that regulate monoallelic expression of imprinted genes. In males, this involves erasure of the maternal methylation marks and establishment of paternal-specific methylation to appropriately guide normal development. The degree to which exogenous factors influence the fidelity of methylation reprogramming is unknown. We previously found an association between paternal obesity and altered DNA methylation in umbilical cord blood, suggesting that the father's endocrine, nutritional, or lifestyle status could potentiate intergenerational heritable epigenetic abnormalities. In these analyses, we examine the relationship between male overweight/obesity and DNA methylation status of imprinted gene regulatory regions in the gametes. METHODS Linear regression models were used to compare sperm DNA methylation percentages, quantified by bisulfite pyrosequencing, at 12 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) from 23 overweight/obese and 44 normal weight men. Our study population included 69 volunteers from The Influence of the Environment on Gametic Epigenetic Reprogramming (TIEGER) study, based in NC, USA. RESULTS After adjusting for age and fertility patient status, semen from overweight or obese men had significantly lower methylation percentages at the MEG3 (β = -1.99; SE = 0.84; p = 0.02), NDN (β = -1.10; SE = 0.47; p = 0.02), SNRPN (β = -0.65; SE = 0.27; p = 0.02), and SGCE/PEG10 (β = -2.5; SE = 1.01; p = 0.01) DMRs. Our data further suggest a slight increase in DNA methylation at the MEG3-IG DMR (β = +1.22; SE = 0.59; p = 0.04) and H19 DMR (β = +1.37; SE = 0.62; p = 0.03) in sperm of overweight/obese men. CONCLUSIONS Our data support that male overweight/obesity status is traceable in the sperm epigenome. Further research is needed to understand the effect of such changes and the point of origin of DNA methylation differences between lean and overweight/obese men. Together with our earlier reports on paternal obesity and epigenetic shifts in the offspring, our studies set the groundwork for future studies investigating male gametic methylation aberrations due to paternal lifestyle factors such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Soubry
- />Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven University, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Guo
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- />Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27633 USA
| | - Stephanie Romanus
- />Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven University, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Price
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Fertility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27713 USA
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- />Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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30
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Tan HC, Roberts J, Catov J, Krishnamurthy R, Shypailo R, Bacha F. Mother's pre-pregnancy BMI is an important determinant of adverse cardiometabolic risk in childhood. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16:419-26. [PMID: 25800542 PMCID: PMC4534350 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal adiposity is associated with poor offspring cardiometabolic health. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on the BMI, body composition and cardiometabolic characteristics of the offspring. METHODS Forty offspring of overweight/obese mothers (O-OW) and 28 offspring of normal weight mothers (O-NW) underwent evaluation of body composition, abdominal fat distribution, blood pressure measurement, fasting lipids and an oral glucose tolerance test. The anthropometric and cardiometabolic characteristics of O-OW were compared with those of O-NW, and the relationship to maternal BMI was evaluated. RESULTS Subjects (mean age: 12.6 ± 0.4, female: 52.9%) had similar gestational age, birth weight, age, gender, and Tanner stage. However, O-OW had a significantly higher BMI (24.4 ± 1.2 vs. 19.7 ± 0.8 kg/m(2) , p = 0.001), % body fat (31.7 ± 1.6 vs. 24.6 ± 1.1%, p < 0.001), visceral fat (41.9 ± 4.7 vs. 26.1 ± 3.9 cm(2) , p = 0.012) with no difference in lean body mass compared with O-NW. O-OW had lower whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) with an adverse cardiovascular disease risk profile [higher blood pressure (BP), triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, hs-C-reactive protein (CRP) and lower HDL]. In addition to offspring's %body fat (β = -0.60, p < 0.001), maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (β = -0.19, p = 0.046) contributed significantly and independently to the offspring's WBISI (R(2) =0.55, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS High pre-pregnancy BMI is an important contributor to excess adiposity, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic disease risk in the offspring during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chang Tan
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - James Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Janet Catov
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Roman Shypailo
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Fida Bacha
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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31
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Chan YL, Saad S, Simar D, Oliver B, McGrath K, Reyk DV, Bertrand PP, Gorrie C, Pollock C, Chen H. Short term exendin-4 treatment reduces markers of metabolic disorders in female offspring of obese rat dams. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 46:67-75. [PMID: 26287659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maternal obesity imposes significant health risks in the offspring including diabetes and dyslipidemia. We previously showed that the hypoglycaemic agent exendin-4 (Ex-4) administered from weaning can reverse the maternal impact of 'transmitted disorders' in such offspring. However daily injection for six-weeks was required and the beneficial effect may lapse upon drug withdrawal. This study aimed to investigate whether short term Ex-4 treatment during suckling period in a rodent model can reverse transmitted metabolic disorders due to maternal obesity. METHODS Maternal obesity was induced in female Sprague Dawley rats by high-fat diet feeding for 6 weeks, throughout gestation and lactation. Female offspring were treated with Ex-4 (5μg/kg/day) between postnatal day (P) 4 and 14. Female offspring were harvested at weaning (P20). Lipid and glucose metabolic markers were measured in the liver and fat. Appetite regulators were measured in the plasma and hypothalamus. RESULTS Maternal obesity significantly increased body weight, fat mass, and liver weight in the offspring. There was an associated inhibition of peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC1α), increased fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression in the liver, and reduced adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL) expression. It also increased the plasma gut hormone ghrelin and reduced glucagon-like peptide-1. Ex-4 treatment partially reversed the maternal impact on adiposity and impaired lipid metabolism in the offspring, with increased liver PGC1α and inhibition of FASN mRNA expression. Ex-4 treatment also increased the expression of a novel fat depletion gene a2-zinc-glycoprotein 1 in the fat tissue. CONCLUSION Short term Ex-4 treatment during the suckling period significantly improved the metabolic profile in the offspring from the obese mothers at weaning. Long-term studies are needed to follow such offspring to adulthood to examine the sustained effects of Ex-4 in preventing the development of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - David Simar
- Inflammation and Infection Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Brian Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kristine McGrath
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - David van Reyk
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Paul P Bertrand
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Cathy Gorrie
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Carol Pollock
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Khan NA, Raine LB, Donovan SM, Hillman CH. IV. The cognitive implications of obesity and nutrition in childhood. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 2015; 79:51-71. [PMID: 25387415 DOI: 10.1111/mono.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States has tripled since the 1980s and is strongly linked to the early onset of several metabolic diseases. Recent studies indicate that lower cognitive function may be another complication of childhood obesity. This review considers the research to date on the role of obesity and nutrition on childhood cognition and brain health. Although a handful of studies point to a maladaptive relationship between obesity and aspects of cognitive control, remarkably little is known regarding the impact of fat mass on brain development and cognitive function. Further, missing from the literature is the role of nutrition in the obesity-cognition interaction. Nutrition may directly or indirectly influence cognitive performance via several pathways including provision of key substrates for optimal brain health, modulation of gut microbiota, and alterations in systemic energy balance. However, in the absence of malnutrition, the functional benefits of specific nutrient intake on particular cognitive domains are not well characterized. Here, we examine the literature linking childhood obesity and cognition while considering the effects of nutritional intake. Possible mechanisms for these relationships are discussed and suggestions are made for future study topics. Although childhood obesity prevalence rates in some developed countries have recently stabilized, significant disparities remain among groups based on sex and socioeconomic status. Given that the elevated prevalence of pediatric overweight and obesity may persist for the foreseeable future, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive understanding of the influence of obesity and nutrition on cognition and brain health in the pediatric population.
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Lawrence GM, Siscovick DS, Calderon-Margalit R, Enquobahrie DA, Granot-Hershkovitz E, Harlap S, Manor O, Meiner V, Paltiel O, Kwok PY, Friedlander Y, Hochner H. Cohort Profile: The Jerusalem Perinatal Family Follow-Up Study. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 45:343-52. [PMID: 26163255 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella M Lawrence
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Susan Harlap
- Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Orly Manor
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vardiella Meiner
- Department of Human Genetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ora Paltiel
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel, Hematology Department, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Institute for Human Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel,
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Bolton JL, Bilbo SD. Developmental programming of brain and behavior by perinatal diet: focus on inflammatory mechanisms. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015. [PMID: 25364282 PMCID: PMC4214174 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2014.16.3/jbolton] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is now epidemic worldwide. Beyond associated diseases such as diabetes, obesity is linked to neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. Alarmingly maternal obesity and high-fat diet consumption during gestation/lactation may “program” offspring longterm for increased obesity themselves, along with increased vulnerability to mood disorders. We review the evidence that programming of brain and behavior by perinatal diet is propagated by inflammatory mechanisms, as obesity and high-fat diets are independently associated with exaggerated systemic levels of inflammatory mediators. Due to the recognized dual role of these immune molecules (eg, interleukin [IL]-6, 11-1β) in placental function and brain development, any disruption of their delicate balance with growth factors or neurotransmitters (eg, serotonin) by inflammation early in life can permanently alter the trajectory of fetal brain development. Finally, epigenetic regulation of inflammatory pathways is a likely candidate for persistent changes in metabolic and brain function as a consequence of the perinatal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bolton
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Staci D Bilbo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Early-life exposure to high-fat diet may predispose rats to gender-specific hepatic fat accumulation by programming Pepck expression. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:433-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Steer CD, Bolton P, Golding J. Preconception and prenatal environmental factors associated with communication impairments in 9 year old children using an exposome-wide approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118701. [PMID: 25739097 PMCID: PMC4349447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although speech and language deficits are common in children and strongly associated with poor educational and social outcomes, little attention has been paid to the antecedents. In this study we used the information from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children to examine preconception and prenatal environmental risk factors that were related to communication difficulties in children using the Children’s Communication Checklist (CCC). We used an exposome-wide approach to identify environmental factors univariably associated with the CCC. Taking account of the False Discovery rate, we used a P value of 0.000157 to identify 621 of 3855 items tested. These were then subjected to a series of stepwise linear regression analyses, firstly within 10 domains: personal characteristics, health, development, education, socio-economic variables, lifestyle, home and social environments, life events and chemical and other exposures; and then with the predictive variables from each domain. The final model consisted of 19 variables independently associated with the communication scale. These variables suggested 6 possible mechanisms: stressors primarily associated with socio-economic disadvantage although other lifestyle choices such as a social network of family or friends can ameliorate these effects; indicators of future parenting skills primarily associated with aspects of parental personality; aspects of the home environment; poor maternal health with a novel finding concerning maternal hearing loss; and maternal education which was partially mediated by the child’s IQ. Finally, there may be a mechanism via the maternal diet in pregnancy in particular the consumption of fatty or processed foods. This is the subject of ongoing investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D. Steer
- MRC integrative epidemiological unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrick Bolton
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Golding
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Frey U, Latzin P, Usemann J, Maccora J, Zumsteg U, Kriemler S. Asthma and obesity in children: current evidence and potential systems biology approaches. Allergy 2015; 70:26-40. [PMID: 25236686 DOI: 10.1111/all.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Both obesity and asthma are highly prevalent, complex diseases modified by multiple factors. Genetic, developmental, lung mechanical, immunological and behavioural factors have all been suggested as playing a causal role between the two entities; however, their complex mechanistic interactions are still poorly understood and evidence of causality in children remains scant. Equally lacking is evidence of effective treatment strategies, despite the fact that imbalances at vulnerable phases in childhood can impact long-term health. This review is targeted at both clinicians frequently faced with the dilemma of how to investigate and treat the obese asthmatic child and researchers interested in the topic. Highlighting the breadth of the spectrum of factors involved, this review collates evidence regarding the investigation and treatment of asthma in obese children, particularly in comparison with current approaches in 'difficult-to-treat' childhood asthma. Finally, the authors propose hypotheses for future research from a systems-based perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Frey
- University Children's Hospital Basel; UKBB; Basel Switzerland
| | - P. Latzin
- University Children's Hospital Basel; UKBB; Basel Switzerland
| | - J. Usemann
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology; Charité University Medical Centre; Berlin Germany
| | - J. Maccora
- University Children's Hospital Basel; UKBB; Basel Switzerland
| | - U. Zumsteg
- University Children's Hospital Basel; UKBB; Basel Switzerland
| | - S. Kriemler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Epidemiology, Biostatistic and Public Health Institute; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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38
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Sim KA, Partridge SR, Sainsbury A. Does weight loss in overweight or obese women improve fertility treatment outcomes? A systematic review. Obes Rev 2014; 15:839-50. [PMID: 25132280 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review assessed the effect of weight loss in overweight and/or obese women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) on their subsequent pregnancy outcome. Weight losses achieved by diet and lifestyle changes, very-low-energy diets, non-surgical medical interventions and bariatric surgery translated into significantly increased pregnancy rates and/or live birth in overweight and/or obese women undergoing ART in 8 of the 11 studies reviewed. In addition, regularization of the menstrual pattern, a decrease in cancellation rates, an increase in the number of embryos available for transfer, a reduction in the number of ART cycles required to achieve pregnancy and a decrease in miscarriage rates were reported. There were also a number of natural conceptions in five of the six studies that reported this outcome. Non-surgical medical weight loss procedures and bariatric surgery induced the greatest weight losses, but their use, as well as that of very-low-energy diets, for weight loss prior to ART requires careful consideration. While the overall quality of the studies included in this review was poor, these results support the clinical recommendation of advising overweight and/or obese women to lose weight prior to ART. Prospective randomized controlled trials are required to establish efficacious evidence-based guidelines for weight loss interventions in overweight and/or obese women prior to ART treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Sim
- The Boden Institute for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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39
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The role of early life factors in the development of ethnic differences in growth and overweight in preschool children: a prospective birth cohort. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:722. [PMID: 25022314 PMCID: PMC4227130 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnic differences in childhood and adulthood are known, but ethnic differences in preschool overweight and associated factors are less studied. We assessed ethnic differences in pre-school age overweight, and studied the mediating role of early life factors in this association. Furthermore, we assessed body mass index (BMI) z-score development from birth to age 4 years to study ethnic-specific differences in BMI z-score trajectory. METHODS We used data on 4581 children participating in a birth cohort who were born between 2002 and 2006 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Child's ethnicity was defined according to country of birth of the parents. Weight and length/height was repeatedly measured between 1 and 45 months of age. Overweight at age 4 years was defined according to cut-off points for BMI from the international obesity task force. We performed logistic regression to obtain independent estimates of the association between ethnicity and preschool-age overweight, and to assess the mediating role of early life risk factors. Mixed models were used to describe BMI-z development for each ethnic group from birth to preschool age. RESULTS Relative to native Dutch children, non-Dutch children were more likely to be overweight at age 4 years, except for Surinamese-Hindustani children. Socio-demographic factors, parental BMI, and infant weight change in the first 6 months after birth reduced associations. After full adjustment, Turkish (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.34-3.04) and Antillean/Surinamese Creole (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.06-3.02) children were still more likely to be overweight at age 4 years. CONCLUSION Ethnic differences on the prevalence of overweight in preschool children can be partially explained by maternal educational level, parental overweight and early infant weight change. These may be possible targets to reduce ethnic inequalities in preschool age overweight.
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40
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Super obesity in pregnancy: difficulties in clinical management. J Perinatol 2014; 34:495-502. [PMID: 24503915 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2014.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
As the obesity pandemic continues in the United States, obesity in pregnancy has become an area of interest. Many studies focus on women with body mass index (BMI) ⩾ 30 kg m(-2). Unfortunately, the prevalence of patients with BMI ⩾ 50 kg m(-2) is rapidly increasing, and there are few studies specifically looking at pregnant women in this extreme category. The purpose of this article is to highlight some of the challenges faced and review the literature available to help guide obstetricians who might encounter such patients.
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41
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Waterland RA. Epigenetic mechanisms affecting regulation of energy balance: many questions, few answers. Annu Rev Nutr 2014; 34:337-55. [PMID: 24850387 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071813-105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Extensive human and animal model data show that nutrition and other environmental influences during critical periods of embryonic, fetal, and early postnatal life can affect the development of body weight regulatory pathways, with permanent consequences for risk of obesity. Epigenetic processes are widely viewed as a leading mechanism to explain the lifelong persistence of such "developmental programming" of energy balance. Despite meaningful progress in recent years, however, significant research obstacles impede our ability to test this hypothesis. Accordingly, this review attempts to summarize progress toward answering the following outstanding questions: Is epigenetic dysregulation a major cause of human obesity? In what cells/tissues is epigenetic regulation most important for energy balance? Does developmental programming of human body weight regulation occur via epigenetic mechanisms? Do epigenetic mechanisms have a greater impact on food intake or energy expenditure? Does epigenetic inheritance contribute to transgenerational patterns of obesity? In each case, significant obstacles and suggested approaches to surmounting them are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Waterland
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas 77030;
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42
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Lawrence GM, Shulman S, Friedlander Y, Sitlani CM, Burger A, Savitsky B, Granot-Hershkovitz E, Lumley T, Kwok PY, Hesselson S, Enquobahrie D, Wander PL, Manor O, Siscovick DS, Hochner H. Associations of maternal pre-pregnancy and gestational body size with offspring longitudinal change in BMI. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1165-71. [PMID: 24124160 PMCID: PMC3968220 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies demonstrate associations between changes in obesity-related phenotypes and cardiovascular risk. Although maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (mppBMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) may be associated with adult offspring adiposity, no study has examined associations with obesity changes. Associations of mppBMI and GWG with longitudinal change in offspring's BMI (ΔBMI) were examined, and whether associations are explained by offspring genetics was assessed. METHODS A birth cohort of 1400 adults, with data at birth, age 17 and 32 years was used. After genotyping offspring, genetic scores, predictive of exposures and outcome were created, and linear regression models with and without scores were fit to examine the associations of mppBMI and GWG with ΔBMI. RESULTS A one SD change in mppBMI and GWG was associated with a 0.83 and a 0.75 kg/m² increase in ΔBMI, respectively. The association between mppBMI and offspring ΔBMI was slightly attenuated (12%) with the addition of genetic scores. In the GWG model, a significant substantial 28.2% decrease in the coefficient was observed. CONCLUSIONS This study points to an association between maternal excess weight in pregnancy and offspring BMI change from adolescence to adulthood. Genetic factors may account, in part, for GWG/ΔBMI association. These findings broaden observations that maternal obesity-related phenotypes have long-term consequences for offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella M Lawrence
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Soubry A, Hoyo C, Jirtle RL, Murphy SK. A paternal environmental legacy: evidence for epigenetic inheritance through the male germ line. Bioessays 2014; 36:359-71. [PMID: 24431278 PMCID: PMC4047566 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Literature on maternal exposures and the risk of epigenetic changes or diseases in the offspring is growing. Paternal contributions are often not considered. However, some animal and epidemiologic studies on various contaminants, nutrition, and lifestyle-related conditions suggest a paternal influence on the offspring's future health. The phenotypic outcomes may have been attributed to DNA damage or mutations, but increasing evidence shows that the inheritance of environmentally induced functional changes of the genome, and related disorders, are (also) driven by epigenetic components. In this essay we suggest the existence of epigenetic windows of susceptibility to environmental insults during sperm development. Changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs are viable mechanistic candidates for a non-genetic transfer of paternal environmental information, from maturing germ cell to zygote. Inclusion of paternal factors in future research will ultimately improve the understanding of transgenerational epigenetic plasticity and health-related effects in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Soubry
- Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Hori H, Umezawa M, Uchiyama M, Niki R, Yanagita S, Takeda K. Effect of high-fat diet prior to pregnancy on hepatic gene expression and histology in mouse offspring. J Perinat Med 2014; 42:83-91. [PMID: 23974043 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2013-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition and obesity are associated with fetal development and cause long-term effects in offspring. However, the effects of a high-fat diet specific to the pre-pregnancy period are not determined. The present study aimed to examine the effect of high-fat diet prior to pregnancy on the liver of mouse offspring. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal chow (15.2% fat by energy) [control diet (CTR) and CTR pre-pregnancy (PP) groups] or a high-fat chow (31.2% fat by energy) [high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD-pre-pregnancy (PP) groups] for 3-4 weeks and then mated with male C57BL/6J mice fed normal chow. Some mothers continued on the same diet until pups reached 21 days of age (CTR and HFD), and others were fed the different chows from gestational day 0 (CTR-PP and HFD-PP) to determine the effects of a high-fat diet during the pre-pregnancy period in HFD-PP/CTR and HFD/CTR-PP comparisons. Liver tissues from pups were subjected to gene expression analysis by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and microarray, and histological analysis using Oil Red O staining (Sigma Chemical Co., Ltd., Balcatta, WA, USA). Lipid droplets were increased in hepatocytes of mice in HFD-PP compared to CTR and those in HFD compared to CTR-PP. Expression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1), acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase beta (Acacb), and fatty acid binding protein 5 (Fabp5) was increased by maternal high-fat diet during pre-pregnancy. The results showed that maternal high-fat diet intake prior to pregnancy uniquely affects metabolic phenotype related to health and disease in the liver of the next generation.
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Wanjihia VW, Ohminami H, Taketani Y, Amo K, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Yamamoto H, Takeda E. Induction of the hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene in offspring after isocaloric administration of high fat sucrose diet during gestation. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2013; 53:150-7. [PMID: 24249969 PMCID: PMC3818269 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse early nutrition leads to metabolic aberrations in adulthood. Molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible are emerging; specific nutritional causes remain unclarified. We investigated gestational dietary intake and its influences on metabolism in offspring. Three groups of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either AIN93G standard diet as control, isocaloric high fat sucrose diet or calorie restriction diet (50% of control) until delivery. All dams were fed control diet ad libitum during lactation. Offsprings’ metabolic parameters were assessed at three weeks. Visceral fat and plasma triglycerides of high fat sucrose diet offspring were significantly higher than those of control diet and calorie restriction diet offspring. Plasma leptin level was higher in high fat sucrose diet than control offspring. Conversely, plasma adiponectin was lower in high fat sucrose diet and calorie restriction diet offspring compared to controls. Significant inductions of hepatic mRNA expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 and Δ-5 desaturase genes, were observed in high fat sucrose diet and calorie restriction diet offspring. Gestational high sugar and fat intake even without over energy intake would be more detrimental to metabolisms of offspring compared to calorie restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet Wanjiku Wanjihia
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Soubry A, Murphy SK, Wang F, Huang Z, Vidal AC, Fuemmeler BF, Kurtzberg J, Murtha A, Jirtle RL, Schildkraut JM, Hoyo C. Newborns of obese parents have altered DNA methylation patterns at imprinted genes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 39:650-7. [PMID: 24158121 PMCID: PMC4048324 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated associations between periconceptional environmental exposures and health status of the offspring in later life. Although these environmentally related effects have been attributed to epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation shifts at imprinted genes, little is known about the potential effects of maternal and paternal preconceptional overnutrition or obesity. Objective: We examined parental preconceptional obesity in relation to DNA methylation profiles at multiple human imprinted genes important in normal growth and development, such as: maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST), paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3), pleiomorphic adenoma gene-like 1 (PLAGL1), epsilon sarcoglycan and paternally expressed gene 10 (SGCE/PEG10) and neuronatin (NNAT). Methods: We measured methylation percentages at the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by bisulfite pyrosequencing in DNA extracted from umbilical cord blood leukocytes of 92 newborns. Preconceptional obesity, defined as BMI ⩾30 kg m−2, was ascertained through standardized questionnaires. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders and cluster effects, paternal obesity was significantly associated with lower methylation levels at the MEST (β=−2.57; s.e.=0.95; P=0.008), PEG3 (β=−1.71; s.e.=0.61; P=0.005) and NNAT (β=−3.59; s.e.=1.76; P=0.04) DMRs. Changes related to maternal obesity detected at other loci were as follows: β-coefficient was +2.58 (s.e.=1.00; P=0.01) at the PLAGL1 DMR and −3.42 (s.e.=1.69; P=0.04) at the MEG3 DMR. Conclusion: We found altered methylation outcomes at multiple imprint regulatory regions in children born to obese parents, compared with children born to non-obese parents. In spite of the small sample size, our data suggest a preconceptional influence of parental life-style or overnutrition on the (re)programming of imprint marks during gametogenesis and early development. More specifically, the significant and independent association between paternal obesity and the offspring's methylation status suggests the susceptibility of the developing sperm for environmental insults. The acquired imprint instability may be carried onto the next generation and increase the risk for chronic diseases in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soubry
- 1] Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA [2] Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - F Wang
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Z Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A C Vidal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical and Epidemiologic Research and Cancer Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - B F Fuemmeler
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Kurtzberg
- Carolinas Cord Blood Bank, Robertson Cell and Translational Therapy Program, Duke Translational Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Murtha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R L Jirtle
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J M Schildkraut
- 1] Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA [2] Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C Hoyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Clinical and Epidemiologic Research and Cancer Prevention, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Faith MS, Carnell S, Kral TVE. Genetics of food intake self-regulation in childhood: literature review and research opportunities. Hum Hered 2013; 75:80-9. [PMID: 24081223 DOI: 10.1159/000353879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity results from a daily energy imbalance between intake and expenditure, an imbalance potentially as slight as ~30-50 kcal/day (e.g., a few extra sips of cola or bites of a cookie). That an 'energy gap' so small may be so powerful suggests the importance of understanding mechanisms of food intake self-regulation (FISR). This review focuses on 4 behavioral indices of FISR in childhood: (1) eating in the absence of hunger; (2) eating rate; (3) caloric compensation and satiety responsiveness, and (4) food responsiveness. Evidence from pediatric samples around the world indicates that these traits are associated with body mass index, are heritable, and are linked to polymorphisms in the FTO gene. We review these data, also discussing their relevance to practical issues of parental feeding styles, portion sizes, and health literacy and numeracy. Research gaps and opportunities for future investigation are discussed. Multidisciplinary approaches and study designs that can address gene-environment interactions are needed to advance the science of FISR and stimulate new avenues for childhood obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles S Faith
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA
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Gabory A, Roseboom TJ, Moore T, Moore LG, Junien C. Placental contribution to the origins of sexual dimorphism in health and diseases: sex chromosomes and epigenetics. Biol Sex Differ 2013; 4:5. [PMID: 23514128 PMCID: PMC3618244 DOI: 10.1186/2042-6410-4-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences occur in most non-communicable diseases, including metabolic diseases, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, psychiatric and neurological disorders and cancer. In many cases, the susceptibility to these diseases begins early in development. The observed differences between the sexes may result from genetic and hormonal differences and from differences in responses to and interactions with environmental factors, including infection, diet, drugs and stress. The placenta plays a key role in fetal growth and development and, as such, affects the fetal programming underlying subsequent adult health and accounts, in part for the developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD). There is accumulating evidence to demonstrate the sex-specific relationships between diverse environmental influences on placental functions and the risk of disease later in life. As one of the few tissues easily collectable in humans, this organ may therefore be seen as an ideal system for studying how male and female placenta sense nutritional and other stresses, such as endocrine disruptors. Sex-specific regulatory pathways controlling sexually dimorphic characteristics in the various organs and the consequences of lifelong differences in sex hormone expression largely account for such responses. However, sex-specific changes in epigenetic marks are generated early after fertilization, thus before adrenal and gonad differentiation in the absence of sex hormones and in response to environmental conditions. Given the abundance of X-linked genes involved in placentogenesis, and the early unequal gene expression by the sex chromosomes between males and females, the role of X- and Y-chromosome-linked genes, and especially those involved in the peculiar placenta-specific epigenetics processes, giving rise to the unusual placenta epigenetic landscapes deserve particular attention. However, even with recent developments in this field, we still know little about the mechanisms underlying the early sex-specific epigenetic marks resulting in sex-biased gene expression of pathways and networks. As a critical messenger between the maternal environment and the fetus, the placenta may play a key role not only in buffering environmental effects transmitted by the mother but also in expressing and modulating effects due to preconceptional exposure of both the mother and the father to stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gabory
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78352, France.
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Soubry A, Schildkraut JM, Murtha A, Wang F, Huang Z, Bernal A, Kurtzberg J, Jirtle RL, Murphy SK, Hoyo C. Paternal obesity is associated with IGF2 hypomethylation in newborns: results from a Newborn Epigenetics Study (NEST) cohort. BMC Med 2013; 11:29. [PMID: 23388414 PMCID: PMC3584733 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from epidemiological and animal model studies suggest that nutrition during pregnancy may affect the health status of subsequent generations. These transgenerational effects are now being explained by disruptions at the level of the epigenetic machinery. Besides in vitro environmental exposures, the possible impact on the reprogramming of methylation profiles at imprinted genes at a much earlier time point, such as during spermatogenesis or oogenesis, has not previously been considered. In this study, our aim was to determine associations between preconceptional obesity and DNA methylation profiles in the offspring, particularly at the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the imprinted Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) gene. METHODS We examined DNA from umbilical cord blood leukocytes from 79 newborns, born between July 2005 and November 2006 at Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC. Their mothers participated in the Newborn Epigenetics Study (NEST) during pregnancy. Parental characteristics were obtained via standardized questionnaires and medical records. DNA methylation patterns at two DMRs were analyzed by bisulfite pyrosequencing; one DMR upstream of IGF2 (IGF2 DMR), and one DMR upstream of the neighboring H19 gene (H19 DMR). Multiple regression models were used to determine potential associations between the offspring's DNA methylation patterns and parental obesity before conception. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m². RESULTS Hypomethylation at the IGF2 DMR was associated with paternal obesity. Even after adjusting for several maternal and newborn characteristics, we observed a persistent inverse association between DNA methylation in the offspring and paternal obesity (β-coefficient was -5.28, P = 0.003). At the H19 DMR, no significant associations were detected between methylation patterns and paternal obesity. Our data suggest an increase in DNA methylation at the IGF2 and H19 DMRs among newborns from obese mothers, but a larger study is warranted to further explore the potential effects of maternal obesity or lifestyle on the offspring's epigenome. CONCLUSIONS While our small sample size is limited, our data indicate a preconceptional impact of paternal obesity on the reprogramming of imprint marks during spermatogenesis. Given the biological importance of imprinting fidelity, our study provides evidence for transgenerational effects of paternal obesity that may influence the offspring's future health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Soubry
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center 2715, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Lo WS, Ho SY, Mak KK, Lam TH. The use of Stunkard's figure rating scale to identify underweight and overweight in Chinese adolescents. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50017. [PMID: 23189177 PMCID: PMC3506537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the performance of Stunkard's current body size (CBS) with self-reported body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to stature ratio (WSR) in predicting weight status in Chinese adolescents, and to determine the CBS cutoffs for overweight/obesity and underweight. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 5,418 secondary school students (45.2% boys; mean age 14.7 years). Height and weight were measured by trained teachers or researchers. Subjects were classified as underweight, normal weight, or overweight/obese according to the International Obesity Task Force cutoffs. Subjects were asked to select the figure that best resembled their CBS on the Stunkard's figure rating scale. Self-reported height, weight, WC and WSR were also obtained. The performance of CBS, self-reported BMI, WC and WSR as a weight status indicator was analysed by sex-specific receiver operating characteristic curves. The optimal CBS cutoffs for underweight and overweight/obesity were determined based on the Youden Index. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Apart from self-reported BMI, CBS had the greatest area under curve (AUC) for underweight in boys (0.82) and girls (0.81). For overweight/obesity, CBS also had a greater AUC (0.85) than self-reported WC and WSR in boys, and an AUC (0.81) comparable to self-reported WC and WSR in girls. In general, CBS values of 3 and 5 appeared to be the optimal cutoffs for underweight and overweight/obesity, respectively, in different sex-age subgroups. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE CBS is a potentially useful indicator to assess weight status of adolescents when measured and self-reported BMI are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Sze Lo
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Sai-Yin Ho
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Kei Mak
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tai-Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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