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Zhang W, He T, Hinshaw S, Chi P, Lin X. Longitudinal relationship between oppositional defiant disorder symptoms and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in Chinese children: insights from cross-lagged panel network analyses. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2557-2570. [PMID: 38151686 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common childhood mental disorders, and they have substantial comorbidity. The developmental precursor model has long been widely used to explain the mechanisms of comorbidity between ODD and ADHD, however whether it is equally effective at the symptomatic level is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to (a) examine the stability of the ODD and ADHD comorbidity network in a longitudinal sample of high-risk children in China; and (b) examine the longitudinal relationship between the ODD and ADHD symptom networks based on a developmental precursor model. Two hundred sixty-three Chinese children aged 6 to 13 years with ODD and/or ADHD were assessed for symptoms of ODD and ADHD in two surveys conducted 1 year apart. We used data from these two time points to construct two cross-sectional networks and a cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) to explore the symptom network for comorbidity of ODD and ADHD. The analysis shows that: (1) the two cross-sectional networks are highly similar in terms of structure, existence of edges, centrality estimates, and the invariance test shows that there is no significant difference between them. The symptoms "follow through", "interrupts/intrudes", "difficulty playing quietly" and "concentration" had the highest expected influence centrality at both time points. (2) Combined with the results of the cross-sectional and cross-lagged networks, we found that "annoy" and "blame" are potential bridge symptoms between the ODD and ADHD symptom networks. The symptom "annoy" forms a reciprocal predictive relationship with "interrupts/intrudes", while "blame" unidirectionally predicts "close attention". In addition, we found that "vindictive" predicted numerous ADHD symptoms, whereas "angry" was predicted by numerous ADHD symptoms. The findings emphasize the broad predictive relationship between ODD and ADHD symptoms with each other, and that ODD symptoms may lead to activation of the ADHD symptom network and vice versa. These findings suggest that the developmental precursor model at the symptom level may partially explain the comorbidity mechanisms of ODD and ADHD, and future studies should further investigate the underlying multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ting He
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Stephen Hinshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Hernandez ML, Garcia AM, Spiegel JA, Dick AS, Graziano PA. Multimodal Assessment of Emotion Dysregulation in Children with and without ADHD and Disruptive Behavior Disorders. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2024; 53:444-459. [PMID: 38270592 PMCID: PMC11192619 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2024.2303706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to explore if specific domains of emotion dysregulation (emotion regulation [EREG], emotional reactivity/lability [EREL], emotion recognition/understanding [ERU], and callous-unemotional [CU] behaviors) were uniquely associated with diagnostic classifications. METHOD This study utilized a multimodal (parent/teacher [P/T] reports and behavioral observations) approach to examine emotion dysregulation in a sample of young children (68.7% boys; mean age = 5.47, SD = 0.77, 81.4% Latinx) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD Only; n = 46), ADHD + disruptive behavior disorders (ADHD+DBD; n = 129), and typically developing (TD) children (n = 148). RESULTS All three diagnostic groups were significantly different from one another on P/T reports of EREG, EREL and CU. For the ADHD+DBD group, P/T reported worse EREG and EREL, and higher mean scores of CU, compared to both ADHD Only and TD groups. The ADHD+DBD group also performed significantly worse than the TD group (but not the ADHD Only group) on observed measures of EREG, EREL and ERU. P/T reported EREG, EREL and CU for the ADHD Only group were significantly worse than the TD group. Using multinomial logistic regression, P/T reported EREG, EREL, and CU were significantly associated with diagnostic status above and beyond observed measures of emotion dysregulation. The model successfully classified children with ADHD+DBD (91.3%) and TD (95.9%); however, children in the ADHD Only group were correctly identified only 45.7% of time. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that measures of emotion dysregulation may be particularly helpful in correctly identifying children with ADHD+DBD, but not necessarily children with ADHD Only.
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Pham T, Pasalich D, Tran P, O'Kearney R. A randomized controlled trial of therapist-facilitated brief online behavioral parent training for reducing child disruptive behavior. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100448. [PMID: 38371397 PMCID: PMC10869913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Addressing child disruptive behavior in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is challenging. Therapist-facilitated, multisession, brief, online group parent training offers hope for mitigating this issue. However, trials, particularly in Asia, are limited. Objective This study primarily assessed the effectiveness of Brief Behavior Parent Training Vietnam (BBPTV) in reducing child disruptive behavior. Method This study was a randomized controlled trial involving 109 Vietnamese parents (mean age = 34.1, 96 % were mothers) of preschool children displaying ongoing disruptive behaviors. Interventions included the BBPTV group (n = 56) receiving a therapist-facilitated, four-session program conducted through online group meetings and the care-as-usual (CAU) group (n = 53) having a 15 min individual online consultation. Primary outcomes, assessed online at two and six months postintervention, encompassed the intensity and frequency of children's disruptive problems. Secondary outcomes involved parenting practices, coercive interactions, marital conflicts, parenting self-efficacy, and parental mental health. Results In contrast to CAU, the BBPTV group showed lower child disruptive intensity, reduced parent-child coercive interactions, and diminished marital conflicts, with a higher score in involving parenting two months post-intervention. Six months postintervention, BBPTV also exhibited significantly lower scores in child disruptive intensity and problems, harsh parenting, and coercive processes compared to CAU. Conclusions The therapist-facilitated, four-session, internet-delivered group parent intervention resulted in superior and sustained improvements in child disruptive behavior, parenting practices, and parent-child coercive interaction compared to usual care, highlighting the potential for online BBPT to extend mental health care in Vietnam and other LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triet Pham
- School of Medicine and Psychology, ANU College Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Building 39, Science Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Children's Hospital 1 (Benh vien Nhi dong 1), 341 Su Van Hanh street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Dave Pasalich
- School of Medicine and Psychology, ANU College Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Building 39, Science Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Phu Tran
- Children's Hospital 1 (Benh vien Nhi dong 1), 341 Su Van Hanh street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Richard O'Kearney
- School of Medicine and Psychology, ANU College Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Building 39, Science Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Neumann CS, Salekin RT, Commerce E, Charles NE, Barry CT, Mendez B, Hare RD. Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) scale: A Latent Profile Analysis with At-Risk Adolescents. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:369-383. [PMID: 37922002 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
The Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD; Salekin in Pers Disord: Theory Res Treat 7:180-191, 2016) scale was designed to assess interrelated psychopathic trait domains in conjunction with symptoms of Conduct Disorder (CD) in children and adolescents (i.e., grandiose-manipulative, callous-unemotional, daring-impulsive). Variable-centered studies have provided support for a four-factor PSCD structure (Salekin et al. in Psychol Assess 34(10):985-992, 2022) in line with other adolescent and adult studies. The current person-centered study used latent profile analysis of the PSCD domains to examine whether theoretically meaningful and empirically robust PSCD subtypes emerged from a diverse sample (70.9% White, 20.1% Black, 3.6% Hispanic, and 5.4% other) of adolescents (modal age = 17) in a military style residential facility (N = 409; Males = 80.6%). As hypothesized, a four-class solution was best, consistent with adult psychopathy subtyping research (Hare et al. in Handbook of Psychopathy 39-79, 2018; Roy et al. in Pers Disord: Theory Res Treat, in press). The PSCD subtype profiles were uniform across sex and race/ethnicity. Adolescents evincing a psychopathic trait propensity profile (elevated on all four PSCD domains) displayed the greatest number of arrests and higher overall externalizing psychopathology, compared to the other three latent classes, as well as higher internalizing psychopathology compared to adolescents with general delinquency. The PSCD provides a sound measure of psychopathic trait propensities in youth and our results offer investigators and clinicians a means for understanding person-centered psychopathic traits versus antisocial profiles among at-risk adolescents. Taken together, the current results may offer a viable approach for examining specific treatment targets based on PSCD subtype profiles.
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Giudice TD, Lindenschmidt T, Hellmich M, Hautmann C, Döpfner M, Görtz-Dorten A. Stability of the effects of a social competence training program for children with oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder: a 10-month follow-up. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:1599-1608. [PMID: 35279770 PMCID: PMC10460314 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The stability and effectiveness of the Treatment Program for Children with Aggressive Behavior (THAV) in terms of reducing behavioral problems in children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) were examined at a 10-month follow-up (FU). A total of 76 families and their children (boys aged 6-12 years), who previously participated in a randomized controlled trial comparing THAV with an active control group, took part in the 10-month FU assessment. Outcome measures were rated by parents and included the evaluation of child aggressive behavior, prosocial behavior, problem-maintaining and problem-moderating factors, and comorbid symptoms. Linear mixed models for repeated measures (MMRM) were conducted. The results revealed that THAV effects remained stable (problem-maintaining and problem-moderating factors; comorbid symptoms) and even partially improved (aggressive behavior; ADHD symptoms) over the FU period. Additionally, the differences between the THAV intervention group and the control group, which were apparent at the end of the treatment (post), mainly also remained at the FU assessment. It can be concluded that THAV is an effective and stable intervention for boys aged 6-12 years with ODD/CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Del Giudice
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Timo Lindenschmidt
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher Hautmann
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Görtz-Dorten
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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McCart MR, Sheidow AJ, Jaramillo J. Evidence Base Update of Psychosocial Treatments for Adolescents with Disruptive Behavior. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2023; 52:447-474. [PMID: 36473062 PMCID: PMC10241985 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2145566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article expands the review of psychosocial treatments for adolescents with disruptive behavior (DB), published previously by this journal. That earlier review focused on DB treatment studies published 1966-2014; the current paper updates the evidence base by incorporating DB treatment studies published 2014-2021. METHOD A literature search and screening process identified 63 new studies for inclusion in this updated review. The 63 new studies were combined with 86 studies from the prior review and evaluated using Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology level of support criteria, which classify studies as well established, probably efficacious, possibly efficacious, experimental, or of questionable efficacy based on the evidence. RESULTS In total, 3 well-established, 7 probably efficacious, and 10 possibly efficacious treatments for adolescents with DB were identified. Further, 52 treatments were classified as experimental and 22 treatments were determined to have questionable efficacy. CONCLUSIONS There continues to be a large body of literature building the evidence base for treatments of adolescent DB. With a few exceptions, treatments falling into the top three evidence levels utilized more than one theoretical approach, enhancing each treatment's ability to target DB from multiple angles. Key advances include broad representation of various demographic groups, countries of origin, treatment settings, and provider types in this body of research. Despite these advances, more research is needed to address key gaps in the field, including the need for more studies on treatments tailored to adolescents with DB who are not yet involved with the juvenile justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. McCart
- Oregon Social Learning Center, 10 Shelton McMurphey Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97401, United States of America
| | - Ashli J. Sheidow
- Oregon Social Learning Center, 10 Shelton McMurphey Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97401, United States of America
| | - Jamie Jaramillo
- Oregon Social Learning Center, 10 Shelton McMurphey Boulevard, Eugene, OR 97401, United States of America
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Rafiei A, Noruzi A, Ferdousi T. Cognitive bibliotherapy for delinquent adolescents with psychopathic disorder: a quasi-experimental study. JOURNAL OF POETRY THERAPY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/08893675.2023.2179437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Rafiei
- Faculty of Management, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Noruzi
- Faculty of Management, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Ferdousi
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Educational Planning and Methods, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Balder T, Linden M. Embitterment - Conception of a Potential Moderator to Dysfunctional and Aggressive Behaviour in Children and Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:787-794. [PMID: 35958706 PMCID: PMC9360306 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Embitterment is an emotion which is known to everybody in reaction to injustice, humiliation, and breach of trust. Children and adolescents have an understanding of justice/injustice and fairness, violations of injustice, humiliation, and breach of trust are also stressors at a young age. In this conceptual paper it is argued that embitterment is also seen in children and adolescents, and that parents, educators and therapists should recognize this emotion. This could possibly help to early identify children at risk for severe dysfunctional and aggressive behaviours, when preventive interventions are still possible. The article concludes with concepts on how to diagnose and treat children with embitterment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Balder
- Dept. of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, CBF, Hs IIIA, Hindenburgdamm 30Rm 13/14, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Linden
- Dept. of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, CBF, Hs IIIA, Hindenburgdamm 30Rm 13/14, 12200 Berlin, Germany
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McKinney C, Stearns M, Szkody E. Maltreatment and Affective and Behavioral Problems in Emerging Adults With and Without Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms: Mediation by Parent-Child Relationship Quality. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:2612-2632. [PMID: 29528803 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518760014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the indirect effect of maternal and paternal emotional and physical maltreatment on affective and behavioral symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) through parent-child relationship quality; gender and overall ODD symptoms were examined as moderators. Participants included 2,362 emerging adults who completed questionnaires about parental emotional and physical maltreatment, parent-child relationship quality, and affective and behavioral ODD symptoms. These characteristics were compared across parent and child gender (i.e., maternal and paternal effects as well as male and female differences) as well as participants reporting high and low ODD symptoms. In the low ODD group, indirect effects of emotional maltreatment occurred in all parent-child dyads except the mother-son dyad, whereas in the high ODD group, indirect effects occurred only in the father-son dyad. Indirect effects of physical maltreatment occurred only in the father-son dyad in the low ODD group, and only in the mother-daughter dyad on behavioral ODD symptoms in the high ODD group. The results suggest that specific parent-child gender dyads respond differently, warranting further investigation of gender effects. Moreover, emerging adults in the low ODD symptoms group demonstrated a positive association between parental maltreatment and ODD symptoms and a negative association between parent-child relationship quality and ODD symptoms, whereas those high in the high ODD symptoms group did not demonstrate these associations. That is, emerging adults reporting high ODD symptoms demonstrated no relationship between their ODD symptoms and harsh parenting, suggesting an ineffective coercive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliff McKinney
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | | | - Erica Szkody
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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10
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Gopalan G, Bunger AC, Powell BJ. Skills for Developing and Maintaining Community-Partnerships for Dissemination and Implementation Research in Children's Behavioral Health: Implications for Research Infrastructure and Training of Early Career Investigators. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2021; 47:227-243. [PMID: 30863918 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-019-00930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
By engaging with community partners, dissemination and implementation scholars can enhance research relevance and translation. We illustrate the skills needed for developing and maintaining community partnerships by presenting two case studies of partnerships between early-career investigators and child welfare systems to implement mental health interventions. The cases represent two models of partnership (investigator-led and agency-led), highlighting the value and difficulty of conducting community-engaged implementation research. The experiences described feature strategies for building and managing relationships, navigating rules and regulations, adaptation, and securing resources. We offer suggestions for improving training and research infrastructures to support community-engaged implementation scholars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Gopalan
- Silberman School of Social Work, Hunter College, City University of New York, 2180 3rd Avenue, New York, NY, 10035, USA.
| | - Alicia C Bunger
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Byron J Powell
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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11
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Seleem MA, El-Shafey R, Shahin LT, Abdel-Aziz LE, Elkonaisy NM, Marey YK, Rizkallah M, Baghdadi M. Volumetric brain abnormalities in adolescents with conduct disorder with and without attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: a case control study. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-020-00025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Conduct disorder (CD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder in youth with heterogeneous presentations and hazardous outcomes on family and society. Identifying potential biological markers may help in better understanding and management of the problem. This work aims to explore the potential volumetric brain abnormalities in an Arab-Egyptian sample of conduct disordered youth with and without comorbid ADHD. A total of 27 subjects with conduct disorder, 14 of which also fulfilled the criteria of ADHD, in addition to twenty healthy subjects were recruited. A validated Arabic version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents “M.I.N.I-Kid” was carried out. MRI acquisition was performed on 1.5 T Toshiba MRI scanner. Cortical reconstruction and automatic volumetric segmentation were performed with the Freesurfer image analysis suite.
Results
Youth with CD, with and without ADHD, showed significantly lower cortical thicknesses and smaller subcortical volumes in most of the hemispheric areas. When the two patient groups were compared, youth with CD + ADHD had significantly greater cortical thicknesses but smaller subcortical volumes as compared to youth with CD only.
Conclusions
Conduct disorder, comorbid with ADHD, might prove to be a distinct phenotypic entity with different biological substrates, and hence different needed management, from CD without comorbid ADHD.
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Informant-specific reports of peer and teacher relationships buffer the effects of harsh parenting on children's oppositional defiant disorder during kindergarten. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:163-174. [PMID: 30458890 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Harsh and restrictive parenting are well-established contributors to the development of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) among children. However, few studies have explored whether interpersonal relationships that develop outside the family environment attenuate the risk for ODD that is associated with harsh parenting. The current study tested multireporter measures of teacher-child closeness and peer acceptance as moderators of the association between harsh parenting and children's ODD as children's social worlds widen during the kindergarten year (N = 338 children, 48% girls, M age = 5.32 years). Harsh parenting interacted with peer nominations of peer acceptance and children's report of teacher-child closeness to predict children's ODD symptoms in the spring, adjusting for fall symptoms. Children exposed to harsh parenting exhibited greater symptom increases when they were less liked/accepted playmates and in the context of lower teacher-child closeness. However, harsh parenting was not associated with symptom change among children with higher levels of peer-nominated acceptance and those who reported closer relationships with teachers. There were no significant interactions using teacher's report of peer acceptance or teacher's report of teacher-child closeness. Findings highlight positive peer and teacher relationships as promising targets of intervention among children exposed to harsh parenting and support the importance of assessing multiple perspectives of children's social functioning.
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13
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Stearns M, McKinney C. Perceived Parental Anxiety and Depressive Problems and Emerging Adult Oppositional Defiant Problems: Moderated Mediation by Psychological and Physical Maltreatment and Gender. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:651-665. [PMID: 31128079 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have argued that Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) problems continue into emerging adulthood; however, few studies have examined ODD problems in this population. Moreover, previous studies have found that corporal punishment mediated the relationship between maternal anxiety/depression and child ODD problems in young children and that parental psychopathology is likely to affect child ODD. This study examined how maternal as well as paternal maltreatment (i.e., psychological and physical) mediated the relationship between parental anxiety/depressive problems and emerging adult ODD problems (i.e., irritability and defiance). Furthermore, child and parent gender were examined as moderators (i.e., moderated mediation). Participants included 1,012 emerging adults who completed questionnaires about parental psychological and physical maltreatment, parental anxiety and depression, and affective and behavioral ODD symptoms. Results suggested that mediation occurred for the father-daughter dyad along the perceived paternal depressive problems → psychological and physical maltreatment → irritability paths and for the mother-son dyad along the perceived maternal depressive and anxiety problems → psychological maltreatment → defiance paths. Given that mediation occurred for only these gender dyads, moderated mediation was suggested.
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Booker JA, Capriola-Hall NN, Greene RW, Ollendick TH. The Parent-Child Relationship and Posttreatment Child Outcomes Across Two Treatments for Oppositional Defiant Disorder. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2020; 49:405-419. [PMID: 30730774 PMCID: PMC6685776 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2018.1555761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the degree to which the parent-child relationship uniquely predicted clinical outcomes in externalizing problems and adaptive skills in children meeting diagnostic criteria for oppositional defiant disorder and whether facets of this relationship moderated the effects of two unique psychosocial treatments. We recruited 134 children and their parents (38.06% female; M age = 9.52 years, range = 7-14; 83.58% White). Families were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: Parent Management Training (PMT) and Collaborative and Proactive Solutions (CPS). We formed principal components from pretreatment reports and behaviors of the parent-child relationship to predict within- and between-family outcomes in children's externalizing problems and adaptive skills. Four principal components were supported (parental warmth, parental monitoring, family hostility, and family permissiveness). Parental monitoring predicted fewer externalizing problems, whereas family permissiveness predicted more externalizing problems. Parental warmth predicted greatest improvements in children's adaptive skills among families receiving PMT. Family hostility predicted more externalizing problems and poorer adaptive skills for children; however, families receiving CPS were buffered from the negative effect of family hostility on adaptive skills. The parent-child relationship can uniquely inform posttreatment outcomes following treatment for oppositional defiant disorder. Certain treatment approaches may better fit unique relationships that emphasize warmth and/or hostility, allowing clinicians to anticipate and tailor treatments to families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Booker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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15
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Zanette S, Walsh M, Augimeri L, Lee K. Differences and similarities in lying frequency, moral evaluations, and beliefs about lying among children with and without conduct problems. J Exp Child Psychol 2020; 192:104768. [PMID: 31901722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined whether children (6-12 years old) with varying levels of conduct problems differ from those without conduct problems in three key areas: their perceptions of how often other people tell lies, their moral evaluations of truth- and lie-telling in different social contexts, and how often they tell antisocial and prosocial (i.e., "white") lies. Using a continuous measurement of conduct problems, we found that children with greater conduct problems believed that other people tell lies more often compared with children with fewer conduct problems. However, unexpectedly, children's moral evaluations of truth- and lie-telling in antisocial and prosocial contexts did not significantly differ based on conduct problems. Using parent-report methods, we found that children tell more antisocial lies with increasing severity of conduct problems, but they tell prosocial lies at a similar rate regardless of conduct problems. Finally, after grouping children based on level of conduct problems (none, low, or high), we found that children in the group with no conduct problems told more prosocial lies than antisocial lies, but the reverse was found for children in the group with high conduct problems. These findings highlight the importance of considering social context when examining the development of lying in children experiencing conduct problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Zanette
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5R 2X2, Canada
| | - Margaret Walsh
- Child Development Institute, Toronto, Ontario M6E 3V4, Canada
| | - Leena Augimeri
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5R 2X2, Canada; Child Development Institute, Toronto, Ontario M6E 3V4, Canada
| | - Kang Lee
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5R 2X2, Canada.
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16
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Ferraz RC, Moreira Junior FDJ, Vargas FD, Hoffmeister FX, Gauer GJC, Vasconcellos SJL. Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version psychometric properties in an Item Response Theory polytomous model. ESTUDOS DE PSICOLOGIA (CAMPINAS) 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0275202037e180076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study assessed the applicability of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version in a sample of teenagers confined in socio-educational institutions. Using an Item Response Theory approach, item properties of this instrument were reviewed using the generalized partial credit model. Eight of the original twenty items of the original instrument were discarded due to low discrimination parameters. As expected, the most discriminating items in the assessment of psychiatric traits were those which affective characteristics are more typical in the description of psychopathic traits, and their larger variability among juveniles is reflected in the checklist’s answers. Item anchoring, in turn, determined five anchor levels. Conclusions based on the results are twofold: (a) a shorter version of this measure can offer the same level of information obtained from the full instrument and (b) the measure provides more information on average latent trait levels and is inadequate for clinical use.
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Ortin A, Elkington KS, Eisenberg R, Miranda R, Canino G, Bird HR, Duarte CS. Suicide Attempts and Course of Suicidal Ideation among Puerto Rican Early Adolescents. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1723-1734. [PMID: 31065859 PMCID: PMC8295715 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Suicidal behavior increases substantially during early adolescence, a critical understudied developmental period. This study reports on the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and course of suicidal ideation among Puerto Rican early adolescents, a high-risk group for suicidal behavior in adulthood. Gender differences and the prospective association of psychiatric disorders with course of suicidal ideation are examined. Participants were 1228 Puerto Rican adolescents (ages 10-13 at wave 1; 48% female) and parents, selected through probability-based sampling, assessed yearly across three waves. Adolescents and parents reported via Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV about 12-month suicide attempts and suicidal ideation (further categorized as never present, onset, recurrence, and remission), mood and anxiety disorders; parents reported on disruptive disorders. Over the three waves, 9.5% early adolescents thought about suicide and 2.1% attempted suicide. In adjusted multinomial regression models, compared to those with never present suicidal ideation, female gender was related to onset of suicidal ideation (OR = 2.60; 95% CI, 1.22-5.55). Disruptive disorders were related to onset (OR = 5.80; 95% CI, 2.06-16.32) and recurrence of suicidal ideation (OR = 5.07, 95% CI, 1.14-22.47), mood disorders were related to remission (OR = 14.42, 95% CI, 3.90-53.23), and anxiety disorders to onset of suicidal ideation (OR = 3.68, 95% CI, 1.75-7.73). Our findings inform strategies tailored for early adolescents. To address onset of suicidal ideation, prevention should focus on girls and those with anxiety or disruptive disorders. When ideation is recurrent, interventions oriented to reduce disruptive behavior and its consequences may help achieve remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ortin
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, Room 611HN, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Katherine S Elkington
- Division of Gender, Sexuality and Health, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 15, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ruth Eisenberg
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer Building, Room 1303, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Regina Miranda
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, Room 611HN, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, Office A928 9th Floor, Rio Piedras, PR, 00935, USA
| | - Hector R Bird
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 43, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Cristiane S Duarte
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 43, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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18
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Forslund T, Peltola MJ, Brocki KC. Disorganized attachment representations, externalizing behavior problems, and socioemotional competences in early school-age. Attach Hum Dev 2019; 22:448-473. [DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2019.1664603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tommie Forslund
- Department of psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikko. J Peltola
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Karin C. Brocki
- Department of psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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The relation between the age at diagnosis of problem behaviors related to aggression and distal outcomes in Swedish children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:899-911. [PMID: 30413982 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Severe childhood aggressive behaviors are known to predict negative outcomes later in life; however, little is known about the effect of when in childhood aggression problems are diagnosed. While an earlier first diagnosis of problematic aggressive behavior might be associated with increased severity and, thus, worse outcomes, it is also possible that an earlier diagnosis affords an earlier start of treatment programs or indicates that greater attention is being paid to behavioral problems, thus resulting in attenuation of the severity of childhood aggression's impact on distal outcomes. The current study analyzed data from the population-based Swedish Data Registries, which include data on all children formally diagnosed by the Swedish medical system with a wide range of aggression problems between ages 8 and 18 (N = 5816) during the years 1987-2013, along with a matched control. Time-to-event analyses investigated whether the age at time of diagnosis affects later life outcomes while controlling for relevant confounders. Results show that for both boys and girls, those with a later diagnosis had lower average incomes (regression coefficient b = - 0.055, p < 0.005) and a higher probability of having a criminal record (odds ratio 1.126, p < 0.005) than children with earlier diagnoses. The effect on suicide attempts was not significant after correcting for multiple testing (odds ratio 1.264, p = 0.016). Grade score was not significantly affected. The results warrant further research concerning the potential advantage of earlier diagnoses, especially concerning generalizability beyond the Swedish population.
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20
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Brown CE, Borduin CM, Dopp AR, Mazurek MO. The social ecology of aggression in youths with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2019; 12:1636-1647. [PMID: 31206256 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the social-ecological correlates of aggressive behavior in 120 youths with autism spectrum disorder. Youths were divided into three groups based on caregiver reports of the youth's aggressive acts: youths who engaged in acts of both physical and verbal aggression, youths who engaged only in acts of physical aggression, and nonaggressive youths. Caregivers and youths completed self-report instruments and behavior rating inventories that assessed youth individual functioning, family relations, and extrafamilial factors (i.e., peer relations, academic performance). Results showed that youths who engaged in both verbal and physical aggression were characterized by poor sleep quality and victimization by peers, and their caregivers evidenced high levels of distress and avoidant coping. In contrast, youths who were physically but not verbally aggressive were distinguished by difficulties in social interaction and communication. In general, each group of youths who were aggressive experienced more problems with repetitive behaviors, family relations, and academic performance than did their nonaggressive counterparts. The implications of these findings for theory, research, and treatment are discussed. Autism Res 2019. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The present study demonstrated that youths with autism spectrum disorder may be classified by the types of aggressive behaviors that they exhibit: youths who are verbally and physically aggressive, physically aggressive only, or not aggressive. Compared to the nonaggressive group, both groups of youths who were aggressive experienced difficulties in their individual, family, peer, and academic functioning. Youths with both verbal and physical aggression showed the most problems in their functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex R Dopp
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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21
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Effects of age, sex, and puberty on neural efficiency of cognitive and motor control in adolescents. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 14:1089-1107. [PMID: 30903550 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Critical changes in adolescence involve brain cognitive maturation of inhibitory control processes that are essential for a myriad of adult functions. Cognitive control advances into adulthood as there is more flexible integration of component processes, including inhibitory control of conflicting information, overwriting inappropriate response tendencies, and amplifying relevant responses for accurate execution. Using a modified Stroop task with fMRI, we investigated the effects of age, sex, and puberty on brain functional correlates of cognitive and motor control in 87 boys and 91 girls across the adolescent age range. Results revealed dissociable brain systems for cognitive and motor control processes, whereby adolescents flexibly adapted neural responses to control demands. Specifically, when response repetitions facilitated planning-based action selection, frontoparietal-insular regions associated with cognitive control operations were less activated, whereas cortical-pallidal-cerebellar motor regions associated with motor skill acquisition, were more activated. Attenuated middle cingulate cortex activation occurred with older adolescent age for both motor control and cognitive control with automaticity from repetition learning. Sexual dimorphism for control operations occurred in extrastriate cortices involved in visuo-attentional selection: While boys enhanced extrastriate selection processes for motor control, girls activated these regions more for cognitive control. These sex differences were attenuated with more advanced pubertal stage. Together, our findings show that brain cognitive and motor control processes are segregated, demand-specific, more efficient in older adolescents, and differ between sexes relative to pubertal development. Our findings advance our understanding of how distributed brain activity and the neurodevelopment of automaticity enhances cognitive and motor control ability in adolescence.
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22
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Billeci L, Muratori P, Calderoni S, Chericoni N, Levantini V, Milone A, Nocentini A, Papini M, Ruglioni L, Dadds M. Emotional processing deficits in Italian children with Disruptive Behavior Disorder: The role of callous unemotional traits. Behav Res Ther 2019; 113:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Jusyte A, Pfister R, Gehrer N, Schönenberg M. Risky business! Behavioral bias and motivational salience of rule-violations in children with conduct disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 271:740-746. [PMID: 30791350 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Conduct disorder is characterized by both habitual aggression as well as non-aggressive rule-breaking behavior. While a large body of research has focused on aggressive behavior to date, the subtype of non-aggressive rule-breaking behavior is poorly understood. The current study represents a first attempt to directly assess decision biases toward rule-breaking behavior, their motivational salience, and the association with interpersonal factors in conduct disorder. Participants (n = 20 children with conduct disorder and n = 20 healthy controls) played a video game with the goal to deliver a hot pizza by bicycle to a marked location on a two-dimensional city map. In each trial, participants decided whether to use the regular route (streets) or opt for a potential shortcut that was either permitted (bicycle lane) or prohibited (park). The efficiency of the shortcut was parametrically varied to assess individual decision functions. Consistent with our hypotheses, group differences emerged only when taking a shortcut represented a rule violation (park condition), with the conduct disorder group committing significantly more rule violations than controls. Furthermore, conduct disorder children showed a substantial frequency of rule violations even in the absence of shortcut related gains, indicating a pronounced insensitivity towards sanctions. Importantly, this tendency was associated with self-reported impulsivity and rule violations in real life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiste Jusyte
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Roland Pfister
- Department of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nina Gehrer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schönenberg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
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24
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Gatti U, Grattagliano I, Rocca G. Evidence-based psychosocial treatments of conduct problems in children and adolescents: an overview. PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND LAW : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW 2018; 26:171-193. [PMID: 31984071 PMCID: PMC6762114 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2018.1485523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to identify empirically supported psychosocial intervention programs for young people with conduct problems and to evaluate the underpinnings, techniques and outcomes of these treatments. We analyzed reviews and meta-analyses published between 1982 and 2016 concerning psychosocial intervention programs for children aged 3 to 12 years with conduct problems. Parent training should be considered the first-line approach to dealing with young children, whereas cognitive-behavioral approaches have a greater effect on older youths. Family interventions have shown greater efficacy in older youths, whereas multi-component and multimodal treatment approaches have yielded moderate effects in both childhood and adolescence. Some limitations were found, especially regarding the evaluation of effects. To date, no single program has emerged as the best. However, it emerges that the choice of intervention should be age-specific and should take into account developmental differences in cognitive, behavioral, affective and communicative abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uberto Gatti
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Criminology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Rocca
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Criminology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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25
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Cao W, Sun X, Dong D, Yao S, Huang B. Sex Differences in Spontaneous Brain Activity in Adolescents With Conduct Disorder. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1598. [PMID: 30214422 PMCID: PMC6126420 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Sex differences in conduct disorder (CD) pathophysiology have yet to be resolved. In this study, we applied the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF) to compare spontaneous brain activity in male versus female adolescents diagnosed with CD in light of the gender paradox hypothesis. Materials and Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) examinations were conducted with 51 CD patients (35 males) and 53 age-matched healthy controls (HCs; 35 males). Pearson analysis was conducted to detect relationship between ALFF/fALFF values in gender-differentiated regions and clinical characteristics. Results: We observed that male CD patients showed significant increased ALFF in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG)/insula, and significant decreased ALFF in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left middle frontal gyrus (BA8 andBA11), left middle temporal gyrus and left inferior/middle temporal gyrus relative to female CD patients. The fALFF in male CD patients was significantly increased in the right STG/insula, decreased in the right superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, and right postcentral gyrus relative to female CD patients. Considering the sex-by-diagnosis interactions in CD patients, the male CD patients had significantly higher fALFF in the left putamen, lower fALFF in the right postcentral gyrus relative to the female CD patients. Conclusion: The brain regions whose activity index values differed in relation to sex should be further explored in CD pathophysiology studies, particularly with respect to sex differences in clinical symptoms, emotional features, cognitive features, and prevalence rates in CD. The present findings are consistent with the gender paradox hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Cao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daifeng Dong
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingsheng Huang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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26
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Chiarenza GA, Villa S, Galan L, Valdes-Sosa P, Bosch-Bayard J. Junior temperament character inventory together with quantitative EEG discriminate children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder combined subtype from children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder combined subtype plus oppositional defiant disorder. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 130:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Hopfer CJ. Links Between Childhood Traits and Adult Criminal Behaviors. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:542-543. [PMID: 30071973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The article by Pardini and Byrd1 in this issue of the Journal addresses the question of which childhood dispositional features predict chronic adult criminal behavior. The article focuses on three traits (interpersonal callousness, negative emotionality, and hyperactivity/impulsivity) that have been previously identified as factors associated with criminal offending. Because all three are comorbid with conduct disorder (CD), questions have arisen as to whether they independently predict criminal offending. Interpersonal callousness, which reflects deceitfulness, a manipulative tendency, and lack of empathy or guilt, has been found to be a predictor of criminal offending and the "with limited prosocial emotions" specifier was added to the DSM-5 CD diagnosis because of evidence that it predicts more severe criminal and delinquent outcomes even when the severity of CD is taken into account.2,3 Negative emotionality is composed of two separate constructs, dysregulated anger4 and fear and anxiety problems. Past research has been mixed regarding the association of these traits with criminal offending because of the comorbidity with CD; however, there has been evidence that fear/anxiety is protective against developing CD and engaging in offending behavior.5 Findings regarding the association between hyperactivity/impulsivity and criminal offending also have been mixed because of the comorbidity of hyperactivity/impulsivity with CD.6.
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Pardini DA, Byrd AL, Hawes SW, Docherty M. Unique Dispositional Precursors to Early-Onset Conduct Problems and Criminal Offending in Adulthood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:583-592.e3. [PMID: 30071979 PMCID: PMC7045361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to examine whether dispositional interpersonal callousness, negative emotionality, and hyperactivity/impulsivity uniquely influence the development of childhood-onset conduct problems and persistent criminal behavior in males, and to determine whether specific facets of negative emotionality (dysregulated anger versus anxiety) in childhood are differentially associated with the development of chronic antisocial behavior. METHOD Childhood dispositional features and conduct problems were assessed semiannually using parent- and teacher-report measures across 9 consecutive assessments in a school-based sample of 503 boys (∼7-11 years of age). Participants' criminal behavior was assessed using official records from adolescence into the early 30s. RESULTS Interpersonal callousness, dysregulated anger, and hyperactivity/impulsivity were uniquely associated with the development of childhood-onset conduct problems. None of these features significantly predicted official records of juvenile offending after controlling for co- occurring conduct problems. However, interpersonal callousness was robustly and uniquely associated with a pattern of persistent and violent adult offending that continued into the early 30s. In contrast, anxiety problems were inversely associated with criminal offending in adolescence and adulthood after controlling for conduct problems and the other dispositional factors. CONCLUSION Findings are consistent with theoretical models indicating that interpersonal callousness, dysregulated anger, and hyperactivity/impulsivity influence the development of childhood conduct problems. In contrast, anxiety problems in childhood tend to reduce the likelihood that boys will engage in later criminal offending. Results suggest that delinquency prevention programs should target children exhibiting features of interpersonal callousness, given that they are at high risk for engaging in chronic and violent offending in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy L. Byrd
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
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29
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Miskovich TA, Anderson NE, Harenski CL, Harenski KA, Baskin-Sommers AR, Larson CL, Newman JP, Hanson JL, Stout DM, Koenigs M, Shollenbarger SG, Lisdahl KM, Decety J, Kosson DS, Kiehl KA. Abnormal cortical gyrification in criminal psychopathy. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 19:876-882. [PMID: 29946511 PMCID: PMC6008502 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by interpersonal and emotional abnormalities (e.g., lack of empathy and guilt) and antisocial behavior. Psychopathy has been associated with a number of structural brain abnormalities, most notably in orbital frontal and anterior/medial temporal regions, that may underlie psychopathic individuals' problematic behaviors. Past research evaluating cortical structure in psychopathy has considered thickness and volume, but to date no study has investigated differences in cortical gyrification, a measure of cortical complexity thought to reflect early neurodevelopmental cortical connectivity. Methods We measured the local gyrification index (LGI) in a sample of 716 adult male inmates and performed a whole brain analysis assessing the relationship between LGI and total and factor scores on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Results PCL-R scores were negatively associated with LGI measures within the right hemisphere in the midcingulate cortex (MCC) and adjacent regions of the superior frontal gyrus as well as lateral superior parietal cortex. Additionally, PCL-R Factor 1 scores (interpersonal/affective traits) predicted less LGI within the right MCC and adjacent dorsomedial frontal cortex and greater LGI in bilateral occipital cortex. Scores on PCL-R Factor 2, indicating impulsivity and antisocial behaviors, did not predict LGI in any regions. Conclusions These findings suggest that psychopathy, particularly the interpersonal and affective traits, are associated with specific structural abnormalities that form during neurodevelopment and these abnormalities may underlie aberrant brain functioning in regions important in emotional processing and cognitive control. We examined cortical gyrification associations with psychopathy in a sample of 716 incarcerated individuals. Psychopathy was negatively associated with gyrification in the midcingulate cortex and superior parietal cortex. Factor 1 scores negatively predicted gyrification in the midcingulate cortex, but positively in bilateral occipital cortex. These results may represent a vulnerability for psychopathy, which may help elucidate the etiology of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara A Miskovich
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Nathaniel E Anderson
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Carla L Harenski
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Keith A Harenski
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | | | - Christine L Larson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Joseph P Newman
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Jessica L Hanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Daniel M Stout
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, United States
| | - Michael Koenigs
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | | | - Krista M Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-, Milwaukee, United States
| | - Jean Decety
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David S Kosson
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
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Hadjicharalambous MZ, Fanti KA. Self Regulation, Cognitive Capacity and Risk Taking: Investigating Heterogeneity Among Adolescents with Callous-Unemotional Traits. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2018; 49:331-340. [PMID: 28849331 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-017-0753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The majority of prior work focuses on understanding the association between callous-unemotional (CU) traits and conduct problems, providing limited information on why some youth who score high on CU traits do not engage in conduct problem behaviors. The current study investigated heterogeneity among a sub-sample of adolescents with CU traits (N = 152; Mage = 13.09, SD = 2.76, 45.6% female) identified from a large community sample. Three groups were compared: control, callous-unemotional traits only (CU-only), and combined callous-unemotional and conduct problems (CU + CP). Participants were administered a battery of neuropsychological computerized tasks assessing risk taking, self-regulation and cognitive capacity. Results indicated that youth high on CU traits and low on CP scored higher on self-regulation and were less likely to make risky decisions compared to youth with combined CU + CP. In general, the findings provided information that heterogeneity within CU traits can be explained based on differences in neuro-cognitive functioning. In addition, the characteristics of youth high on CU traits only can provide information for interventions aiming to decrease conduct problems among youth high on these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kostas A Fanti
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, PO Box 1601, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Eisenbarth H, Krammer S, Edwards BG, Kiehl KA, Neumann C. Structural analysis of the PCL-R and relationship to BIG FIVE personality traits and parenting characteristics in an Hispanic female offender sample. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018; 129:59-65. [PMID: 30333675 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Valid measurement of psychopathic traits in females using the Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) continues to be an under researched topic. Previous latent variable and other psychometric studies have raised questions concerning the structure and predictive effects of psychopathic traits in females. New cross-cultural research finds good support for a four-factor model of psychopathy in females and the predictive effects of the psychopathy factors (Declercq, Carter, & Neumann, 2015; Neumann, Hare, & Pardini, 2015). Nevertheless, additional research is needed on females, especially individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds. We investigated the factor structure and construct validity of the PCL-R in a female Hispanic sample (n = 155). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the four-factor model provided an adequate fit. Furthermore, structural equation modelling revealed significant negative and positive predictive effects, respectively, between general personality (Agreeableness and Conscientiousness), and indifferent/abusive parenting with the broad syndrome of psychopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bethany G Edwards
- University of New Mexico and The Mind Research Network, An affiliate of Lovelace Biomedical, Inc
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- University of New Mexico and The Mind Research Network, An affiliate of Lovelace Biomedical, Inc
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32
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Helander M, Lochman J, Högström J, Ljótsson B, Hellner C, Enebrink P. The effect of adding Coping Power Program-Sweden to Parent Management Training-effects and moderators in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2018; 103:43-52. [PMID: 29448135 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), Parent Management Training (PMT) is a recommended treatment in addition to child Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (child-CBT). There is however a lack of studies investigating the additive effect of group-based child-CBT to PMT for children between 8 and 12 years. The current study investigated the incremental effect of group-based child-CBT, based on the Coping Power Program, when added to the Swedish group-based PMT program KOMET. Outcomes were child behavior problems, child prosocial behavior, parenting skills and the moderating effect of child characteristics. One hundred and twenty children 8-12 years with ODD or Disruptive Behavioral Disorder NOS and their parents were randomized either to combined child-CBT and PMT (n = 63) or to PMT only (n = 57) in Swedish Child- and Adolescent Psychiatric settings. Participants were assessed pre- and post-treatment using semi-structured interviews and child- and parent ratings. After treatment, behavior problems were reduced in both groups. Prosocial behavior were significantly more improved in the combined treatment. Parenting skills were improved in both groups. In moderator analyses, behavior problems and prosocial behavior improved significantly more in the combined treatment compared to PMT only in the group of children with high levels of ODD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Helander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
| | - John Lochman
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Jens Högström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Brjánn Ljótsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Clara Hellner
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Sweden
| | - Pia Enebrink
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Perry KJ, Ostrov JM. Testing a Higher Order Model of Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior: The Role of Aggression Subtypes. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2018; 49:20-32. [PMID: 28401324 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-017-0725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed how the forms and functions of aggression fit into a higher order model of internalizing and externalizing behavior, for children in early childhood (N = 332, M age = 47.11 months, SD = 7.32). The lower order internalizing factors were depressed affect, anxious-fearfulness, and asocial behavior (i.e., social withdrawal) and the lower order externalizing factors were deception and hyperactivity. The forms and functions of aggression were crossed to create four factors: reactive relational, reactive physical, proactive relational, and proactive physical aggression. Seven confirmatory factor models were tested. Results supported a two-factor externalizing model where reactive and proactive relational aggression and deception loaded on one externalizing factor and reactive and proactive physical aggression and hyperactivity loaded on another externalizing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Perry
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 478 Park Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260-4110, USA.
| | - Jamie M Ostrov
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 478 Park Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260-4110, USA
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Kalvin CB, Bierman KL. Child and adolescent risk factors that differentially predict violent versus nonviolent crime. Aggress Behav 2017; 43:568-577. [PMID: 28597509 PMCID: PMC5640463 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
While most research on the development of antisocial and criminal behavior has considered nonviolent and violent crime together, some evidence points to differential risk factors for these separate types of crime. The present study explored differential risk for nonviolent and violent crime by investigating the longitudinal associations between three key child risk factors (aggression, emotion dysregulation, and social isolation) and two key adolescent risk factors (parent detachment and deviant peer affiliation) predicting violent and nonviolent crime outcomes in early adulthood. Data on 754 participants (46% African American, 50% European American, 4% other; 58% male) oversampled for aggressive-disruptive behavior were collected across three time points. Parents and teachers rated aggression, emotion dysregulation, and social isolation in fifth grade (middle childhood, age 10-11); parents and youth rated parent detachment and deviant peer affiliation in seventh and eighth grade (early adolescence, age 12-14) and arrest data were collected when participants were 22-23 years old (early adulthood). Different pathways to violent and nonviolent crime emerged. The severity of child dysfunction in late childhood, including aggression, emotion dysregulation, and social isolation, was a powerful and direct predictor of violent crime. Although child dysfunction also predicted nonviolent crime, the direct pathway accounted for half as much variance as the direct pathway to violent crime. Significant indirect pathways through adolescent socialization experiences (peer deviancy) emerged for nonviolent crime, but not for violent crime, suggesting adolescent socialization plays a more distinctive role in predicting nonviolent than violent crime. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B Kalvin
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen L Bierman
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Noordermeer SDS, Luman M, Greven CU, Veroude K, Faraone SV, Hartman CA, Hoekstra PJ, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Heslenfeld DJ, Oosterlaan J. Structural Brain Abnormalities of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:642-650. [PMID: 28911901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with structural abnormalities in total gray matter, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Findings of structural abnormalities in frontal and temporal lobes, amygdala, and insula are less consistent. Remarkably, the impact of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (comorbidity rates up to 60%) on these neuroanatomical differences is scarcely studied, while ODD (in combination with conduct disorder) has been associated with structural abnormalities of the frontal lobe, amygdala, and insula. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of comorbid ODD on cerebral volume and cortical thickness in ADHD. METHODS Three groups, 16 ± 3.5 years of age (mean ± SD; range 7-29 years), were studied on volumetric and cortical thickness characteristics using structural magnetic resonance imaging (surface-based morphometry): ADHD+ODD (n = 67), ADHD-only (n = 243), and control subjects (n = 233). Analyses included the moderators age, gender, IQ, and scan site. RESULTS ADHD+ODD and ADHD-only showed volumetric reductions in total gray matter and (mainly) frontal brain areas. Stepwise volumetric reductions (ADHD+ODD < ADHD-only < control subjects) were found for mainly frontal regions, and ADHD+ODD was uniquely associated with reductions in several structures (e.g., the precuneus). In general, findings remained significant after accounting for ADHD symptom severity. There were no group differences in cortical thickness. Exploratory voxelwise analyses showed no group differences. CONCLUSIONS ADHD+ODD and ADHD-only were associated with volumetric reductions in brain areas crucial for attention, (working) memory, and decision-making. Volumetric reductions of frontal lobes were largest in the ADHD+ODD group, possibly underlying observed larger impairments in neurocognitive functions. Previously reported striatal abnormalities in ADHD may be caused by comorbid conduct disorder rather than ODD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri D S Noordermeer
- Section of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Luman
- Section of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corina U Greven
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Research Council Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Veroude
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; K.G. Jebsen Center, Bergen, Norway
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Heslenfeld
- Section of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Section of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sansosti FJ, Cimera RE, Koch LC, Rumrill P. Strategies for ensuring positive transition for individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2017. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-170891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Sansosti
- Kent State University, School of Lifespan Development and Educational Sciences, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Robert E. Cimera
- Kent State University, School of Lifespan Development and Educational Sciences, Kent, OH, USA
| | | | - Phillip Rumrill
- Kent State University, School of Lifespan Development and Educational Sciences, Kent, OH, USA
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Pisano S, Muratori P, Gorga C, Levantini V, Iuliano R, Catone G, Coppola G, Milone A, Masi G. Conduct disorders and psychopathy in children and adolescents: aetiology, clinical presentation and treatment strategies of callous-unemotional traits. Ital J Pediatr 2017; 43:84. [PMID: 28931400 PMCID: PMC5607565 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-017-0404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conduct Disorder (CD) is a psychiatric diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behaviour in which the basic rights of others and major age-appropriate social norms or rules are violated. Callous Unemotional (CU) traits are a meaningful specifier in subtyping CD for more severe antisocial and aggressive behaviours in adult psychopathology; they represent the affective dimension of adult psychopathy, but they can be also detected in childhood and adolescence. The CU traits include lack of empathy, sense of guilt and shallow emotion, and their characterization in youth can improve our diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic abilities. A strong genetic liability, in interaction with parenting and relevant environmental factors, can lead to elevated levels of CU traits in children. We pointed out that CU traits can be detected in early childhood, may remain stable along the adolescence, but a decrease following intensive and specialized treatment is possible. We here provide a narrative review of the available evidences on CU traits in three main domains: aetiology (encompassing genetic liability and environmental risk factors), presentation (early signs and longitudinal trajectories) and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pisano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Pietro Muratori
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Gorga
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, University of Studies of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Levantini
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro Catone
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, University of Studies of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giangennaro Coppola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Annarita Milone
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
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Li I, Clark DA, Klump KL, Burt SA. Parental involvement as an etiological moderator of middle childhood oppositional defiant disorder. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2017; 31:659-667. [PMID: 28263622 PMCID: PMC5778906 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate parental involvement as an etiologic moderator of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) during middle childhood. Previous studies examining the influence of genetic and environmental factors on ODD have not considered whether and how these factors might vary by parental involvement. We thus conducted a series of "latent genetic by measured environmental" interaction analyses, in which measured parental involvement was allowed to moderate genetic, shared, and nonshared environmental influences on child ODD. Participants include 1,027 twin pairs (age ranged from 6 to 11 years old) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Results did indeed suggest that the etiology of ODD varies with maternal involvement, such that genetic influence on ODD became more prominent as maternal involvement decreased. However, these results were specific to children's perceptions of maternal involvement and did not extend to maternal perceptions of her involvement. There was no evidence that paternal involvement moderated the etiology of ODD, regardless of informant. The different results found in twins' and parents' data are consistent with those in previous research showing that children may have different perceptions from parents' about their family relationships and that this discrepancy needs to be taken into account in future research. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishien Li
- Department of Child Care and Education, Hungkuang University
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Evidence for the Trait-Impulsivity Etiological Model in a Clinical Sample: Bifactor Structure and Its Relation to Impairment and Environmental Risk. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 46:659-669. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Barker B, Iles JE, Ramchandani PG. Fathers, fathering and child psychopathology. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 15:87-92. [PMID: 28813276 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The last few years have seen a steady increase in research addressing the potential influence of fathers on their children's development. There has also been a clearer acknowledgement of the need to study families as a complex system, rather than just focusing on individual aspects of functioning in one or other parent. Increased father involvement and more engaged styles of father-infant interactions are associated with more positive outcomes for children. Studies of paternal depression and other psychopathology have begun to elucidate some of the key mechanisms by which fathers can influence their children's development. These lessons are now being incorporated into thinking about engaging both mothers and fathers in effective interventions to optimise their children's health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Barker
- Imperial College London, Centre for Psychiatry, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jane E Iles
- Imperial College London, Centre for Psychiatry, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paul G Ramchandani
- Imperial College London, Centre for Psychiatry, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Kimonis ER, Fanti KA, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, Mertan B, Goulter N, Katsimicha E. Can Callous-Unemotional Traits be Reliably Measured in Preschoolers? JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 44:625-38. [PMID: 26344015 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Callous-unemotional (CU) traits designate an important subgroup of antisocial individuals at risk for early-starting, severe, and persistent conduct problems, but this construct has received limited attention among young children. The current study evaluated the factor structure, psychometric properties, and validity of scores on a comprehensive measure of CU traits, the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU), in relation to measures of antisocial/prosocial behavior and emotional processing, administered to preschool children. The sample included 214 boys (52 %) and girls (48 %, M age = 4.7, SD = 0.69) recruited from mainstream and high-risk preschools. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor structure including callous and uncaring dimensions from 12 of the 24 original ICU items. Scores on the parent- and teacher-reported ICU were internally consistent and combined CU scores showed expected associations with an alternate measure of CU traits and measures of empathy, prosocial behavior, conduct problems, and aggression. Preschool children high on CU traits were less accurate, relative to children scoring low, in recognizing facial expressions. They were also less attentionally engaged by images of others in distress when co-occurring conduct problems presented. Findings extend the literature by supporting the psychometric properties of the ICU among young children, and open several avenues for studying early precursors to this severe personality disturbance.
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The prospective usefulness of callous-unemotional traits and conduct disorder in predicting treatment engagement among detained girls. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:75-85. [PMID: 27259488 PMCID: PMC5233744 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-016-0869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although treatment engagement (TE) is crucial for treatment success it is not well known how likely detained girls are to engage in treatment and what features may impede them from doing so. This study is the first to examine the prognostic usefulness of two features of potential interest, being callous-unemotional (CU) traits and conduct disorder (CD), in relation to TE. Detained girls and their parents (n = 75) were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children to assess CD, and completed the Antisocial Process Screening Device to assess CU traits dimensionally and categorically as in the new diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) CU-based specifier. One to two months later, the girls reported how much they engaged in treatment. At the zero-order level, self-, but not parent-reported CU traits and CD were predictive of lower levels of TE. The incorporation of CU traits into a diagnosis of CD identified girls with lower levels of future TE, a finding that held across different informants. Of note, the aforementioned findings only became apparent when using a dimensional measure of CU traits, and not when using the categorical measure of CU traits currently included in DSM-5. This study showed that CU traits can help developing an understanding of what factors hinder TE among detained girls. Our findings also support recommendations to incorporate CU traits into the CD diagnosis, and suggest that dimensional approaches to do so may yield relevant information about future levels of TE.
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Noordermeer SDS, Luman M, Weeda WD, Buitelaar JK, Richards JS, Hartman CA, Hoekstra PJ, Franke B, Heslenfeld DJ, Oosterlaan J. Risk factors for comorbid oppositional defiant disorder in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:1155-1164. [PMID: 28283834 PMCID: PMC5610221 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-0972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is highly prevalent in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Individuals with both ADHD and ODD (ADHD + ODD) show a considerably worse prognosis compared with individuals with either ADHD or ODD. Therefore, identification of risk factors for ADHD + ODD is essential and may contribute to the development of (early) preventive interventions. Participants were matched for age, gender, and ADHD-subtype (diagnostic groups), and did not differ in IQ. Predictors included pre- and perinatal risk factors (pregnancy duration, birth weight, maternal smoking during pregnancy), transgenerational factors (parental ADHD; parental warmth and criticism in diagnostic groups), and postnatal risk factors (parental socioeconomic status [SES], adverse life events, deviant peer affiliation). Three models were assessed, investigating risk factors for ADHD-only versus controls (N = 86), ADHD + ODD versus controls (N = 86), and ADHD + ODD versus ADHD-only (N = 90). Adverse life events and parental ADHD were risk factors for both ADHD + ODD and ADHD-only, and more adverse life events were an even stronger risk factor for comorbid ODD compared with ADHD-only. For ADHD + ODD, but not ADHD-only, parental criticism, deviant peer affiliation, and parental SES acted as risk factors. Maternal smoking during pregnancy acted as minor risk factor for ADHD-only, while higher birth weight acted as minor risk factor for ADHD + ODD. No effects of age were present. Findings emphasise the importance of these factors in the development of comorbid ODD. The identified risk factors may prove to be essential in preventive interventions for comorbid ODD in ADHD, highlighting the need for parent-focused interventions to take these factors into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri D. S. Noordermeer
- 0000 0004 1754 9227grid.12380.38Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Luman
- 0000 0004 1754 9227grid.12380.38Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter D. Weeda
- 0000 0001 2312 1970grid.5132.5Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- 0000 0004 0444 9382grid.10417.33Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0624 8031grid.461871.dKarakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer S. Richards
- 0000 0004 0444 9382grid.10417.33Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 0624 8031grid.461871.dKarakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- 0000 0004 0407 1981grid.4830.fUniversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- 0000 0004 0407 1981grid.4830.fUniversity of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- 0000 0004 0444 9382grid.10417.33Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Heslenfeld
- 0000 0004 1754 9227grid.12380.38Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- 0000 0004 1754 9227grid.12380.38Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Saukkonen S, Aronen ET, Laajasalo T, Salmi V, Kivivuori J, Jokela M. Victimization and psychopathic features in a population-based sample of Finnish adolescents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2016; 60:58-66. [PMID: 27690216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined different forms of victimization experiences in relation to psychopathic features and whether these associations differed in boys and girls among 4855 Finnish school adolescents aged 15-16 years. Psychopathic features were measured with the Antisocial Process Screening Device- Self Report (APSD-SR). Victimization was assessed with questions about violent and abusive experiences across lifetime and within the last 12 months. Results from linear regression analysis showed that victimization was significantly associated with higher APSD-SR total scores, more strongly in girls than boys. Recent (12-month) victimization showed significance in the relationship between victimization and psychopathic features; especially recent sexual abuse and parental corporal punishment were strong determinants of higher APSD-SR total scores. The present study demonstrates novel findings on how severe victimization experiences relate to psychopathic features in community youth, especially in girls. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive evaluation of victimization experiences when psychopathic features are present in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Saukkonen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Children's Hospital, Child Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eeva T Aronen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Children's Hospital, Child Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Laajasalo
- Forensic Psychology Center for Children and Adolescents, Children's Hospital, Child Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Venla Salmi
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, Criminological Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Kivivuori
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, Criminological Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Jokela
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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McCart MR, Sheidow AJ. Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Adolescents With Disruptive Behavior. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2016; 45:529-563. [PMID: 27152911 PMCID: PMC5055452 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1146990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article updates the earlier reviews of evidence-based psychosocial treatments for disruptive behavior in adolescents (Brestan & Eyberg, 1998; Eyberg, Nelson, & Boggs, 2008), focusing primarily on the treatment literature published from 2007 to 2014. Studies were identified through an extensive literature search and evaluated using Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (JCCAP) level of support criteria, which classify studies as well-established, probably efficacious, possibly efficacious, experimental, or of questionable efficacy based on existing evidence. The JCCAP criteria have undergone modest changes in recent years. Thus, in addition to evaluating new studies from 2007 to 2014 for this update, all adolescent-focused articles that had been included in the 1998 and 2008 reviews were reexamined. In total, 86 empirical papers published over a 48-year period and covering 50 unique treatment protocols were identified and coded. Two multicomponent treatments that integrate strategies from family, behavioral, and cognitive-behavioral therapy met criteria as well-established. Summaries are provided for those treatments, as well as for two additional multicomponent treatments and two cognitive-behavioral treatments that met criteria as probably efficacious. Treatments designated as possibly efficacious, experimental, or of questionable efficacy are listed. In addition, moderator/mediator research is summarized. Results indicate that since the prior reviews, there has been a noteworthy expansion of research on treatments for adolescent disruptive behavior, particularly treatments that are multicomponent in nature. Despite these advances, more research is needed to address key gaps in the field. Implications of the findings for future science and clinical practice are discussed.
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Lindhiem O, Bennett CB, Hipwell AE, Pardini DA. Beyond Symptom Counts for Diagnosing Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder? JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 43:1379-87. [PMID: 25788042 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Conduct Disorder (CD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) are among the most commonly diagnosed childhood behavioral health disorders. Although there is substantial evidence of heterogeneity of symptom presentations, DSM diagnoses of CD and ODD are formally diagnosed on the basis of symptom counts without regard to individual symptom patterns. We used unidimensional item response theory (IRT) two-parameter logistic (2PL) models to examine item parameters for the individual symptoms of CD and ODD using data on 6,491 adolescents (ages 13-17) from the National Comorbidity Study: Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). For each disorder, the symptoms differed in terms of severity and discrimination parameters. As a result, some adolescents who were above DSM diagnostic thresholds for disruptive behavior disorders exhibited lower levels of the underlying construct than others below the thresholds, based on their unique symptom profile. In terms of incremental benefit, our results suggested an advantage of latent trait scores for CD but not ODD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Lindhiem
- Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara St. 537 Bellefield Towers, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA,
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Gopalan G. Feasibility of improving child behavioral health using task-shifting to implement the 4Rs and 2Ss program for strengthening families in child welfare. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2016; 2. [PMID: 27330826 PMCID: PMC4908965 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-016-0062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children whose families are involved with child welfare services manifest disproportionately high levels of behavioral difficulties, which could be addressed in community-based organizations providing services to prevent out-of-home placement. Unfortunately, few evidence-based practices have been successfully implemented in child welfare settings, especially those originally delivered by mental health providers. Given that such settings typically employ caseworkers who lack prior mental health training, this is a significant barrier to implementation. Consequently, the overall aim of the current study is to test the feasibility of shifting a mental health intervention from specialized services to community-based organizations. It uses task-shifting and the Practical, Robust, Implementation, and Sustainability model (PRISM) to implement an evidence-based intervention to reduce child behavior difficulties, originally provided by mental health practitioners, so that it can be delivered by caseworkers providing placement prevention services to child welfare-involved families. Task-shifting involves (1) modifying the intervention for provision by non-mental health providers, (2) training non-mental health providers in the modified intervention, and (3) establishing regular supervision and monitoring by mental health specialists. Methods/design This study uses the 4Rs and 2Ss Program for Strengthening Families, a multiple family group service delivery model to reduce child behavior difficulties, as the example intervention. This intervention has had prior success with child welfare-involved families. The proposed study objectives are (1) to tailor the content, training, and supervision of the intervention for delivery by caseworkers serving child welfare-involved families and (2) to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the modified intervention. Mixed quantitative and qualitative methods will assess feasibility and acceptability from key stakeholders (caseworkers, supervisors, administrators, caregivers). In phase I, a collaborative advisory board will be convened (1) to modify the intervention to be delivered by caseworkers in placement prevention service settings and (2) to develop training and supervision protocols for caseworkers. In phase 2, the modified intervention will be pilot-tested for delivery by n = 4 caseworkers to n = 20 families receiving placement preventive services (where children manifest behavior problems). Mixed quantitative/qualitative methods will be used to assess feasibility and acceptability. Discussion This protocol will be of particular interest to agency administrators, program managers, and researchers interested in developing and testing cross-setting implementation guidelines for similar evidence-based practices.
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Hwang S, Nolan ZT, White SF, Williams WC, Sinclair S, Blair RJR. Dual neurocircuitry dysfunctions in disruptive behavior disorders: emotional responding and response inhibition. Psychol Med 2016; 46:1485-96. [PMID: 26875722 PMCID: PMC5638306 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the functional integrity of the neural systems involved in emotional responding/regulation and response control/inhibition in youth (age 10-18 years) with disruptive behavioral disorders (DBDs: conduct disorder and/or oppositional defiant disorder) as a function of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. METHOD Twenty-eight healthy youths and 35 youths with DBD [high CU (HCU), n = 18; low CU (LCU), n = 17] performed the fMRI Affective Stroop task. Participants viewed positive, neutral, and negative images under varying levels of cognitive load. A 3-way ANOVA (group×emotion by task) was conducted on the BOLD response data. RESULTS Youth with DBD-HCU showed significantly less activation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and amygdala in response to negative stimuli, compared to healthy youth and youth with DBD-LCU. vmPFC responsiveness was inversely related to CU symptoms in DBD. Youth with DBD-LCU showed decreased functional connectivity between amygdala and regions including inferior frontal gyrus in response to emotional stimuli. Youth with DBD (LCU and HCU) additionally showed decreased insula responsiveness to high load (incongruent trials) compared to healthy youth. Insula responsiveness was inversely related to ADHD symptoms in DBD. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal two forms of pathophysiology in DBD. One associated with reduced amygdala and vmPFC responses to negative stimuli and related to increased CU traits. Another associated with reduced insula responses during high load task trials and related to ADHD symptoms. Appropriate treatment will need to be individualized according to the patient's specific pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonjo Hwang
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Zachary T. Nolan
- Penn State College of Medicine, MD/PhD Program, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stuart F. White
- Boystown National Research Hospital, Boystown, Nebraska, USA
| | - W. Craig Williams
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stephen Sinclair
- Section on Affective Cognitive Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - R. J. R. Blair
- Section on Affective Cognitive Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Noordermeer SDS, Luman M, Oosterlaan J. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Neuroimaging in Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) Taking Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Into Account. Neuropsychol Rev 2016; 26:44-72. [PMID: 26846227 PMCID: PMC4762933 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) are common behavioural disorders in childhood and adolescence and are associated with brain abnormalities. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates structural (sMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) findings in individuals with ODD/CD with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Online databases were searched for controlled studies, resulting in 12 sMRI and 17 fMRI studies. In line with current models on ODD/CD, studies were classified in hot and cool executive functioning (EF). Both the meta-analytic and narrative reviews showed evidence of smaller brain structures and lower brain activity in individuals with ODD/CD in mainly hot EF-related areas: bilateral amygdala, bilateral insula, right striatum, left medial/superior frontal gyrus, and left precuneus. Evidence was present in both structural and functional studies, and irrespective of the presence of ADHD comorbidity. There is strong evidence that abnormalities in the amygdala are specific for ODD/CD as compared to ADHD, and correlational studies further support the association between abnormalities in the amygdala and ODD/CD symptoms. Besides the left precuneus, there was no evidence for abnormalities in typical cool EF related structures, such as the cerebellum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Resulting areas are associated with emotion-processing, error-monitoring, problem-solving and self-control; areas associated with neurocognitive and behavioural deficits implicated in ODD/CD. Our findings confirm the involvement of hot, and to a smaller extent cool, EF associated brain areas in ODD/CD, and support an integrated model for ODD/CD (e.g. Blair, Development and Psychopathology, 17(3), 865-891, 2005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri D S Noordermeer
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Luman
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders Among Turkish Children: The Effects of Impairment and Sociodemographic Correlates. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2016; 47:35-42. [PMID: 25846701 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-015-0541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and the impact of impairment criteria on rates of diagnoses in a representative sample of elementary school children from a country in a region. We sampled 419 primary school children by using a one-stage design in Izmir, Turkey. The response rate was 99.5 % and 417 cases were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime Version and a scale to assess the impairment criterion. The results showed that 36.7 % of the sample met DSM-IV criteria independent of impairment and that 14.1 % of the population had one or more DSM-IV disorders when a measure of impairment specific to each diagnosis was considered. The most prevalent disorders were attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders. This study provided the first estimates of the prevalence of specific DSM-IV-defined psychiatric disorders in Turkish population of children.
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