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Wan X, Wu Y, Jiang W, Lu X, Tang Y, Yuan X, Huang L, Hu M. Cortical functional mechanisms in emotional cognitive tasks in first-episode, drug-naïve with major depressive disorder: A fNIRS study. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:698-705. [PMID: 39029670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has revealed that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have negative biases in various aspects of information processing, and these biases are mainly manifested in recognizing facial expressions. However, the link between this emotional cognitive inhibition and neural activation mechanisms in cortical brain regions remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore the potential impaired regions and neural mechanisms associated with facial emotion cognition in MDD patients. METHODS 37 MDD patients and 34 healthy controls (HC) were recruited to participate in three sets of cognitive tasks for emotion recognition, and the cortical activation in the brain was synchronously recorded using multi-channel fNIRS. RESULTS During tasks requiring the motions identification of sad versus happy emotional states, MDD patients exhibit altered activation in both the left frontopolar cortex (FPC) and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Notably, the FPC demonstrates a higher level of internal coherence and broader correlation with other cortical areas. Moreover, MDD patients showed lower accuracy in distinguishing emotional cues associated with sadness versus those associated with neutral and happy emotions. LIMITATIONS The study had a relatively small sample size, and it specifically examined only three prevalent facial expressions. CONCLUSION Facial expression recognition in MDD patients is characterized by negative cognitive interpretation of expressions, which are associated with various cortical altered activations. Neuroimaging further suggests that the cognitive inhibition of emotion signal recognition in everyday interpersonal interactions in MDD patients may primarily be influenced by activation in the left FPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wan
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunhong Wu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wan Jiang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuewen Lu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yimiao Tang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The 1(st) Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The 1(st) Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Maorong Hu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The 1(st) Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Edgar EV, Waugh A, Wu J, Castagna P, Potenza MN, Mayes LC, Crowley MJ. Risk avoidance and social anxiety in adolescence: Examination of event-related potentials and theta-dynamics on the Balloon Risk Avoidance Task. Brain Cogn 2024; 180:106209. [PMID: 39137602 PMCID: PMC11371477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Adolescents are at relatively high-risk for developing anxiety, particularly social anxiety. A primary hallmark of social anxiety is the impulse to avoid situations that introduce risk. Here, we examined the neural and behavioral correlates of risk avoidance in adolescents (N=59) 11 to 19 years of age. The Balloon Risk Avoidance Task was used with concurrent electroencephalography to measure event-related potentials (frontal P2; late slow-wave; N2, feedback-related negativity, FRN; posterior P3) and oscillatory dynamics (midfrontal theta, 4-7 Hz) in response to unsuccessful and successful risk avoidance conditions. Social anxiety was measured using the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children. Results indicated that, across the whole sample, youth exhibited smaller P3, larger FRN, and larger theta responses to unsuccessful risk avoidance. Youth reporting high (compared to low) levels of social anxiety exhibited larger P2, slow-wave, and FRN responses to unsuccessful, compared to successful, risk avoidance. Further, greater social anxiety was associated with reduced theta responses to successful avoidance. Youth with higher levels of social anxiety showed smaller theta responses to both conditions compared to those with low levels of social anxiety. Taken together, the ERP-component differences and weakened theta power in socially anxious youth following unsuccessful avoidance are informative neural correlates for socially anxious youth during risk avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V Edgar
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Abby Waugh
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jia Wu
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Peter Castagna
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Linda C Mayes
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael J Crowley
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Shner-Livne G, Barak N, Shitrit I, Abend R, Shechner T. Late positive potential reveals sustained threat contingencies despite extinction in adolescents but not adults. Psychol Med 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39238134 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724001314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major theories link threat learning processes to anxiety symptoms, which typically emerge during adolescence. While this developmental stage is marked by substantial maturation of the neural circuity involved in threat learning, research directly examining adolescence-specific patterns of neural responding during threat learning is scarce. This study compared adolescents and adults in acquisition and extinction of conditioned threat responses assessed at the cognitive, psychophysiological, and neural levels, focusing on the late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential (ERP) component indexing emotional valence. METHOD Sixty-five adults and 63 adolescents completed threat acquisition and extinction, 24 h apart, using the bell conditioning paradigm. Self-reported fear, skin conductance responses (SCR), and ERPs were measured. RESULTS Developmental differences emerged in neural and psychophysiological responses during threat acquisition, with adolescents displaying heightened LPP responses to threat and safety cues as well as heightened threat-specific SCR compared to adults. During extinction, SCR suggested comparable reduction in conditioned threat responses across groups, while LPP revealed incomplete extinction only among adolescents. Finally, age moderated the link between anxiety severity and LPP-assessed extinction, whereby greater anxiety severity was associated with reduced extinction among younger participants. CONCLUSIONS In line with developmental theories, adolescence is characterized by a specific age-related difficulty adapting to diminishing emotional significance of prior threats, contributing to heightened vulnerability to anxiety symptoms. Further, LPP appears to be sensitive to developmental differences in threat learning and may thus potentially serve as a useful biomarker in research on adolescents, threat learning, and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Shner-Livne
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nadav Barak
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ido Shitrit
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rany Abend
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Tomer Shechner
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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4
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Lee HK, Tong SX. Impaired inhibitory control when processing real but not cartoon emotional faces in autistic children: Evidence from an event-related potential study. Autism Res 2024; 17:1556-1571. [PMID: 38840481 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Impaired socioemotional functioning characterizes autistic children, but does weak inhibition control underlie their socioemotional difficulty? This study addressed this question by examining whether and, if so, how inhibition control is affected by face realism and emotional valence in school-age autistic and neurotypical children. Fifty-two autistic and 52 age-matched neurotypical controls aged 10-12 years completed real and cartoon emotional face Go/Nogo tasks while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. The analyses of inhibition-emotion components (i.e., N2, P3, and LPP) and a face-specific N170 revealed that autistic children elicited greater N2 while inhibiting Nogo trials and greater P3/LPP and late LPP for real but not cartoon emotional faces. Moreover, autistic children exhibited a reduced N170 to real face emotions only. Furthermore, correlation results showed that better behavioral inhibition and emotion recognition in autistic children were associated with a reduced N170. These findings suggest that neural mechanisms of inhibitory control in autistic children are less efficient and more disrupted during real face processing, which may affect their age-appropriate socio-emotional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Lee
- Human Communication, Learning, and Development, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shelley Xiuli Tong
- Human Communication, Learning, and Development, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Rauschenbach AL, Hauffe V, Fink-Lamotte J, Tuschen-Caffier B, Schmitz J. Reduced early neural processing of faces in children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Biol Psychol 2024; 191:108827. [PMID: 38852877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common mental disorders during childhood and adolescence. Yet, little is known about its maintenance in youth. Cognitive models of SAD indicate that attentional biases play a key role in the dysfunctional processing of social information, such as emotional faces. However, previous research investigating neural correlates of childhood SAD has produced inconsistent findings. The current study aims to investigate neural face processing in children and adolescents with SAD, while taking into consideration methodological limitations of previous studies. We measured event-related potentials (P100, N170, EPN, LPP) in response to happy, neutral, and angry adult faces, and non-social household objects, in a sample of youth (aged 10-15 years) with SAD (n = 57), clinical controls with specific phobias (SP; n = 41), and healthy controls (HC; n = 61). Participants completed an emotion/object identification task while continuous EEG was recorded. Analyses revealed lower N170 amplitudes in the SAD group compared to HCs, irrespective of emotion. In addition, younger children (aged 10-12 years) with SAD showed lower EPN amplitudes and higher early LPP amplitudes (only trend level) in response to neutral and happy faces compared to younger HCs. These effects were specific to faces and were not evident in the neural processing of non-social household objects. Overall, the findings indicate that different neural response patterns are already present in youth with SAD. Group differences, particularly in younger children, suggest age-related differences in neural face processing in childhood SAD and underpin the necessity of developmental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lina Rauschenbach
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leipzig University, Neumarkt 9, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Vera Hauffe
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Engelbergerstr. 41, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jakob Fink-Lamotte
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/45, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Brunna Tuschen-Caffier
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Engelbergerstr. 41, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Julian Schmitz
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leipzig University, Neumarkt 9, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
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Wu T, Zheng H, Zheng G, Huo T, Han S. Do we empathize humanoid robots and humans in the same way? Behavioral and multimodal brain imaging investigations. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae248. [PMID: 38884282 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Humanoid robots have been designed to look more and more like humans to meet social demands. How do people empathize humanoid robots who look the same as but are essentially different from humans? We addressed this issue by examining subjective feelings, electrophysiological activities, and functional magnetic resonance imaging signals during perception of pain and neutral expressions of faces that were recognized as patients or humanoid robots. We found that healthy adults reported deceased feelings of understanding and sharing of humanoid robots' compared to patients' pain. Moreover, humanoid robot (vs. patient) identities reduced long-latency electrophysiological responses and blood oxygenation level-dependent signals in the left temporoparietal junction in response to pain (vs. neutral) expressions. Furthermore, we showed evidence that humanoid robot identities inhibited a causal input from the right ventral lateral prefrontal cortex to the left temporoparietal junction, contrasting the opposite effect produced by patient identities. These results suggest a neural model of modulations of empathy by humanoid robot identity through interactions between the cognitive and affective empathy networks, which provides a neurocognitive basis for understanding human-robot interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyu Wu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huang Zheng
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Zheng
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengbin Huo
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihui Han
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Dickey L, Dao A, Pegg S, Kujawa A. Neural markers of emotion regulation difficulties in adolescent depression and risk for depression. JOURNAL OF MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS 2024; 5:100051. [PMID: 38500633 PMCID: PMC10947814 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjmad.2024.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Depressed individuals tend to use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies more frequently than non-depressed individuals while using adaptive strategies (e.g., reappraisal) less frequently. Objective neural markers of emotion regulation ability could aid in identifying youth at greatest risk for depression and functional impairment more broadly. We used electroencephalography to examine emotion regulation in adolescents (aged 14-17; N = 201) with current depression (n = 94) and without any history of depression (n = 107) at high (n = 54) and low (n = 53) risk for depression based on a maternal history of depression. Results revealed group differences in event-related potential markers of emotion regulation using multiple scoring approaches. Never-depressed adolescents had significant reductions in mean-activity and principal component analysis-identified late positive potential responses to dysphoric stimuli under reappraisal instructions compared to passive viewing. There was no significant difference in neural responses between conditions among depressed adolescents. The magnitude of the reappraisal effects appeared slightly stronger for low-risk adolescents relative to high-risk. Exploratory analyses further demonstrated that the association between neural markers of emotion regulation and overall functioning was moderated by age, such that impaired emotion regulation abilities predicted poorer functioning among older adolescents. Findings support the sensitivity of the late positive potential to emotion regulation impairments in depression and psychopathology more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Dickey
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Anh Dao
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Samantha Pegg
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA
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Kling JL, Brooker RJ. Socioeconomic status moderates neural markers of cognitive reappraisal across preschool. Biol Psychol 2024; 186:108738. [PMID: 38142923 PMCID: PMC11149893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) is critical for children's healthy socio-emotional development, in part through its modulation of negative emotions that might otherwise place children at risk for psychopathology. The cognitive ER strategy of reappraisal appears to be particularly protective against the development of symptoms of anxiety and depression during childhood. Despite widespread acceptance of the benefits of reappraisal for children's long-term affective function, little is known about the developmental mechanisms that support emerging reappraisal in young children. Proximal mechanisms supporting reappraisal include biological processes; the modulation of reactivity to negative emotional stimuli is visible at the neural level through the Late Positive Potential (LPP). Influences on the developmental course of mechanisms like the LPP almost certainly include contextual factors, including quality of the environment, which have been largely ignored in work to date. The present study included a test of early (age 3-4) socioeconomic status (SES) as a moderator of children's reappraisal, evidenced by differences in the LPP to passive view and reappraisal conditions, at age 5. Results supported the presence of moderation. Reappraisal was visible as differences in LPP across conditions at high, but not low, levels of SES. Findings offer a foundation for delineating the development of reappraisal and understanding contexts that may promote preschoolers' reappraisal. Results also contribute to the delineation of the role of early psychophysiological markers in affective function and early risk for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Kling
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Brooker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, USA
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Pisanu E, Arbula S, Rumiati RI. Agreeableness modulates mental state decoding: Electrophysiological evidence. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26593. [PMID: 38339901 PMCID: PMC10826893 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Agreeableness is one of the five personality traits which is associated with theory of mind (ToM) abilities. One of the critical processes involved in ToM is the decoding of emotional cues. In the present study, we investigated whether this process is modulated by agreeableness using electroencephalography (EEG) while taking into account task complexity and sex differences that are expected to moderate the relationship between emotional decoding and agreeableness. This approach allowed us to identify at which stage of the neural processing agreeableness kicks in, in order to distinguish the impact on early, perceptual processes from slower, inferential processing. Two tasks were employed and submitted to 62 participants during EEG recording: the reading the mind in the eyes (RME) task, requiring the decoding of complex mental states from eye expressions, and the biological (e)motion task, involving the perception of basic emotional actions through point-light body stimuli. Event-related potential (ERP) results showed a significant correlation between agreeableness and the contrast for emotional and non-emotional trials in a late time window only during the RME task. Specifically, higher levels of agreeableness were associated with a deeper neural processing of emotional versus non-emotional trials within the whole and male samples. In contrast, the modulation in females was negligible. The source analysis highlighted that this ERP-agreeableness association engages the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Our findings expand previous research on personality and social processing and confirm that sex modulates this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raffaella Ida Rumiati
- Neuroscience Area, SISSATriesteItaly
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei SistemiUniversità degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
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Klein Z, Shner-Livne G, Danon-Kraun S, Ginat-Frolich R, Pine DS, Shechner T. Enhanced late positive potential to conditioned threat cue during delayed extinction in anxious youth. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:215-228. [PMID: 37157184 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in threat learning relate to anxiety symptoms. Since several anxiety disorders arise in adolescence, impaired adolescent threat learning could contribute to adolescent changes in risk for anxiety. This study compared threat learning among anxious and non-anxious youth using self-reports, peripheral psychophysiology measures, and event-related potentials. Because exposure therapy, the first-line treatment for anxiety disorders, is largely based on principles of extinction learning, the study also examined the link between extinction learning and treatment outcomes among anxious youth. METHODS Clinically anxious (n = 28) and non-anxious (n = 33) youth completed differential threat acquisition and immediate extinction. They returned to the lab a week later to complete a threat generalization test and a delayed extinction task. Following these two experimental visits, anxious youth received exposure therapy for 12 weeks. RESULTS Anxious as compared to non-anxious youth demonstrated elevated cognitive and physiological responses across acquisition and immediate extinction learning, as well as greater threat generalization. In addition, anxious youth showed enhanced late positive potential response to the conditioned threat cue compared to the safety cue during delayed extinction. Finally, aberrant neural response during delayed extinction was associated with poorer treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The study emphasizes differences between anxious and non-anxious youth in threat learning processes and provides preliminary support for a link between neural processing during delayed extinction and exposure-based treatment outcome in pediatric anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Klein
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Shner-Livne
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shani Danon-Kraun
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rivkah Ginat-Frolich
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel S Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tomer Shechner
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Salas F, Nvo-Fernández M, Leiva-Bianchi M, Sáez DA, Páeza GS, García MV, Villacura-Herrera C. Components of event-related potentials and borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2297641. [PMID: 38214169 PMCID: PMC10791106 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2297641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by symptoms associated with difficulties in emotion regulation, altered self-image, impulsivity, and instability in personal relationships. A relationship has been found between BPD symptoms and altered neuropsychological processes. Studies of event-related potentials (ERP) measured with electroencephalogram (EEG) have found neural correlates related to BPD symptoms. Of note is the P300 component, considered a potential mental health biomarker for trauma-associated disorders. However, no meta-analysis has been found to demonstrate this relationship.Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between the P300 component and BPD symptoms. To evaluate the relationship of other ERP components with BPD symptoms.Methods: The method and procedure were adjusted to the PRISMA checklist. The search was performed in three databases: WOS, Scopus and PubMed. A Random Effects Model was used to perform the analysis of the studies. In addition, a meta-regression was performed with % women, Gini and GDP. Finally, a descriptive analysis of the main results found between P300, other ERP components (LPP, P100 and ERN/Ne) and BPD symptoms was performed.Results: From a review of 485 articles, a meta-analysis was performed with six articles that met the inclusion criteria. A moderate, positive relationship was found between the P300 component and BPD symptoms (REM = .489; p < .001). It was not possible to perform meta-analyses for other ERP components (LPP, P100 and ERN/Ne) due to the low number of articles found.Conclusion: The idea that P300 could be considered for use as a biomarker to identify altered neural correlates in BPD is reinforced. In addition, a moderating effect of inequality (Gini) was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Salas
- Laboratory of Methodology for Behavioral Sciences and Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Marcelo Nvo-Fernández
- Laboratory of Methodology for Behavioral Sciences and Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Marcelo Leiva-Bianchi
- Laboratory of Methodology for Behavioral Sciences and Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Daniela Avello Sáez
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Geraldy Sepúlveda Páeza
- Laboratory of Methodology for Behavioral Sciences and Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Marc Via García
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cesar Villacura-Herrera
- Laboratory of Methodology for Behavioral Sciences and Neurosciences, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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12
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Rosenberg Goldstein RE, Gerdes ME, Fix S, Vivino A, Rainey K, Bernat E. Evaluating the impact of water reuse educational videos on water reuse perceptions using EEG/event related potential. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119560. [PMID: 37979387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
As climate change and population growth increasingly stress freshwater resources, government agencies and scientists have recognized the importance of water reuse (the beneficial use of reclaimed or recycled water). While end users (municipalities and farmers) are largely open to exploring water reuse, a barrier to using this water source is the public's negative perception, or the 'yuck factor'. Recognizing that water reuse is becoming a necessity, there is an urgent need to determine how to improve public acceptance of this water source. Increasing knowledge has been identified as a critical method for improving the adoption of sustainable practices, but to date, there has been a lack of outcome studies on the ability of water reuse education materials to change perceptions. Previous studies have relied heavily on self-reported concerns and perceptions which are limited by bias and social expectations, and their results have failed to substantially change water reuse education efforts, and by extension failed to substantially improve water reuse perceptions. We propose the integration of psychology for evaluating the effectiveness of water reuse education and outreach efforts. The purpose of this study was to determine if water reuse educational videos modulate perceptions of water reuse terms. Participants were recruited from a university campus and completed pre-intervention surveys on water reuse knowledge, willingness to use recycled water, and preferred water reuse information sources. We then measured changes in neural activity in response to multiple categories of water reuse terms pre- and post-exposure to water reuse education videos using electroencephalogram (EEG). Through EEG we measured event related potential (ERP), which assesses sustained engagement with the cues (late positive potential (LPP) amplitude), and alpha power. Participants also completed a pre/post exposure battery involving five tasks, in randomized order, presented before and after viewing videos. Sixty-eight percent of survey participants had previously heard of water reuse and 91% reported willingness to use recycled water for at least one activity. Participants reported obtaining water reuse information mostly from the internet (77%) and preferred to receive additional information mainly by watching online videos (73%). We observed significant increases in alpha power, corresponding to feelings of relaxation, in response to seven of eight water reuse term categories post-video exposure. These findings show that water reuse educational videos can change perceptions of water reuse. Our results point to the possibility of validating and increasing the effectiveness of water reuse education materials using sophisticated neurocognitive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Rosenberg Goldstein
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Megan E Gerdes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Spencer Fix
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Anthony Vivino
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Katelin Rainey
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Edward Bernat
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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13
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Miedzobrodzka E, van Hooff JC, Krabbendam L, Konijn EA. Desensitized gamers? Violent video game exposure and empathy for pain in adolescents - an ERP study. Soc Neurosci 2023; 18:365-381. [PMID: 37990996 PMCID: PMC10721224 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2023.2284999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
This Event-Related Potential (ERP) study aimed to test how habitual and short-term violent video game exposure (VVGE) may affect empathy for pain responses in adolescents. In a within-subjects design, boys (N = 56; aged 12-16 years) performed a pain judgment task before and immediately after playing a violent video game. In this task, participants judged whether photos of hands depicted on their screen were in a painful situation or not. While both the P3 and the LPP components were not related to habitual violent video game exposure, general exposure to antisocial media content predicted lower P3 amplitudes to painful pictures. Further, 40 min of violent gameplay did not affect the P3 responses; however, it temporarily decreased LPP responses to painful pictures, suggesting a modest short-term desensitization effect. However, this latter interpretation is limited by a strong LPP pain effect - a significant amplitude difference between painful and non-painful pictures - that remained present in the post-game condition. Such persistent LPP effect may relate to the notion that adolescents are still learning how to properly regulate their emotional reactions. This study contributes to the limited literature on violent video games' desensitization in adolescents' brains, opening new avenues for media violence research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Miedzobrodzka
- Department of Communication Science, Media Psychology Program, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology and Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna C. van Hooff
- College of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia Krabbendam
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology and Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elly A. Konijn
- Department of Communication Science, Media Psychology Program, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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14
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Sawalma AS, Kiefer CM, Boers F, Shah NJ, Khudeish N, Neuner I, Herzallah MM, Dammers J. The effects of trauma on feedback processing: an MEG study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1172549. [PMID: 38027493 PMCID: PMC10651751 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1172549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cognitive impact of psychological trauma can manifest as a range of post-traumatic stress symptoms that are often attributed to impairments in learning from positive and negative outcomes, aka reinforcement learning. Research on the impact of trauma on reinforcement learning has mainly been inconclusive. This study aimed to circumscribe the impact of psychological trauma on reinforcement learning in the context of neural response in time and frequency domains. Two groups of participants were tested - those who had experienced psychological trauma and a control group who had not - while they performed a probabilistic classification task that dissociates learning from positive and negative feedback during a magnetoencephalography (MEG) examination. While the exposure to trauma did not exhibit any effects on learning accuracy or response time for positive or negative feedback, MEG cortical activity was modulated in response to positive feedback. In particular, the medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortices (mOFC and lOFC) exhibited increased activity, while the insular and supramarginal cortices showed decreased activity during positive feedback presentation. Furthermore, when receiving negative feedback, the trauma group displayed higher activity in the medial portion of the superior frontal cortex. The timing of these activity changes occurred between 160 and 600 ms post feedback presentation. Analysis of the time-frequency domain revealed heightened activity in theta and alpha frequency bands (4-10 Hz) in the lOFC in the trauma group. Moreover, dividing the two groups according to their learning performance, the activity for the non-learner subgroup was found to be lower in lOFC and higher in the supramarginal cortex. These differences were found in the trauma group only. The results highlight the localization and neural dynamics of feedback processing that could be affected by exposure to psychological trauma. This approach and associated findings provide a novel framework for understanding the cognitive correlates of psychological trauma in relation to neural dynamics in the space, time, and frequency domains. Subsequent work will focus on the stratification of cognitive and neural correlates as a function of various symptoms of psychological trauma. Clinically, the study findings and approach open the possibility for neuromodulation interventions that synchronize cognitive and psychological constructs for individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman S. Sawalma
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Palestinian Neuroscience Initiative, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine
| | - Christian M. Kiefer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Boers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - N. Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-11), Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)-Brain – Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nibal Khudeish
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Irene Neuner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)-Brain – Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohammad M. Herzallah
- Palestinian Neuroscience Initiative, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Jürgen Dammers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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15
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Tan JXY, Liu P. Beyond the RewP: The reward feedback-elicited LPP and its potential associations with perceived stress and internalizing symptoms in late childhood. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 193:112237. [PMID: 37625596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Internalizing problems increase substantially during late childhood and early adolescence, which are known to be associated with elevated perceived stress as children transition into adolescence. One risk factor that may moderate the stress-symptom association is reward processing. While neurophysiological research in this field has focused on the reward positivity component (RewP) elicited during reward processing, little work has examined the reward feedback-elicited late positive potential (LPP) and its association with internalizing psychopathology. The present study examined the moderating roles of the RewP and feedback-elicited LPP in the relationship between perceived stress and internalizing symptoms in late childhood. A community sample of 115 nine-to-12-year-old children (66 girls, Mean age = 11.00 years, SD = 1.16) completed an EEG version of the reward feedback paradigm, the Doors task, and completed questionnaires on perceived stress and internalizing symptoms. A principal component analysis revealed three temporo-spatial factors that were temporally and spatially analogous to the RewP, anterior LPP, and posterior LPP, respectively. As expected, an enlarged RewP was found towards the win condition compared to the loss condition. We also observed a potentiated LPP towards loss relative to win feedback, which may reflect the evaluation and reappraisal processes following unsuccessful performance (i.e., loss). We did not, however, find significant moderating effects of any ERP components on the stress-symptom association. Our study was first to isolate the feedback-elicited LPP in a reward processing paradigm in children and provide initial evidence on the modulation of the ERP component by task conditions. Future research is warranted to further explore the functional significance of the reward feedback-elicited LPP in association with perceived stress and internalizing psychopathology in youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaron X Y Tan
- Department of Psychology, Center for Visual and Cognitive Neuroscience, North Dakota State University, United States of America.
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Center for Visual and Cognitive Neuroscience, North Dakota State University, United States of America
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16
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Feldmann L, Zsigo C, Mörtl I, Bartling J, Wachinger C, Oort F, Schulte-Körne G, Greimel E. Emotion regulation in adolescents with major depression - Evidence from a combined EEG and eye-tracking study. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:899-906. [PMID: 37591354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent major depression (MD) is characterized by deficits in emotion regulation (ER). Little is known about the neurophysiological correlates that are associated with these deficits. Moreover, the additional examination of visual attention during ER would allow a more in-depth understanding of ER deficits but has not yet been applied simultaneously. METHODS N = 33 adolescents with MD and n = 35 healthy controls (HCs) aged 12-18 years performed an ER task during which they either a) down-regulated their negative affective response to negative images via cognitive reappraisal or b) attended the images without changing their affective response. During the task, the Late Positive Potential (LPP), gaze fixations on emotional image aspects, and self-reported affective responses were collected simultaneously. RESULTS Compared to HCs, adolescents with MD demonstrated reduced ER success based on self-report but did not differ in LPP amplitudes. Participants in both groups showed increased amplitudes in the middle LPP window when they reappraised negative pictures compared to when they attended them. Only in the HC group, increased LPP amplitudes during reappraisal were paralleled by more positive affective responses. LIMITATION The applied stimuli were part of picture databases and might therefore have limited self-relevance. CONCLUSIONS Increased LPP amplitude during ER in both groups might be specific to adolescence and might suggest that ER at this age is challenging and requires a high amount of cognitive resources. These findings provide an important starting point for future interventional studies in youth MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Feldmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Carolin Zsigo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabelle Mörtl
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bartling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Wachinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Frans Oort
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ellen Greimel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
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17
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Wong SMY, Tang EYH, Hui CLM, Suen YN, Chan SKW, Lee EHM, Chan KT, Wong MTH, Wilkins AJ, Chen EYH. Excessive fear of clusters of holes, its interaction with stressful life events and the association with anxiety and depressive symptoms: large epidemiological study of young people in Hong Kong. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e151. [PMID: 37577835 PMCID: PMC10594086 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive and persistent fear of clusters of holes, also known as trypophobia, has been suggested to reflect cortical hyperexcitability and may be associated with mental health risks. No study, however, has yet examined these associations in representative epidemiological samples. AIMS To examine the prevalence of trypophobia in a population-representative youth sample, its association with mental health and functioning, and its interaction with external stress. METHOD A total of 2065 young people were consecutively recruited from a household-based epidemiological youth mental health study in Hong Kong. Trypophobia, symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress, and exposure to personal stressors were assessed. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationships between trypophobia and mental health. Potential additive and interaction effects of trypophobia and high stress exposure on mental health were also tested. RESULTS The prevalence of trypophobia was 17.6%. Trypophobia was significantly associated with severe symptoms of anxiety (odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.32-2.53), depression (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.24-2.56) and stress (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.11-2.53), even when accounting for sociodemographic factors, personal and family psychiatric history, resilience and stress exposure. Dose-response relationships were observed, and trypophobia significantly potentiated the effects of stress exposure on symptom outcomes, particularly for depressive symptoms. Those with trypophobia also showed significantly poorer functioning across domains and poorer health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Screening for trypophobia in young people may facilitate early risk detection and intervention, particularly among those with recent stress exposure. Nevertheless, the generally small effect sizes suggest that other factors have more prominent roles in determining recent mental health outcomes in population-based samples; these should be explored in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Y. Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Y. H. Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Christy L. M. Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y. N. Suen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sherry K. W. Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Edwin H. M. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K. T. Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michael T. H. Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Eric Y. H. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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18
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Zehtner RI, Neudert MK, Schäfer A, Fricke S, Seinsche RJ, Stark R, Hermann A. Weathering the storm of emotions: immediate and lasting effects of reinterpretation and distancing on event-related potentials and their association with habitual use of cognitive reappraisal. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 23:1113-1128. [PMID: 37231103 PMCID: PMC10400673 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reinterpretation and distancing, two cognitive reappraisal tactics, are known to effectively reduce negative feelings and event-related potentials (ERPs), such as the P300 and the late positive potential (LPP), in the short-term. Less is known about differential and lasting effects on ERPs as well as their association with habitual reappraisal. Fifty-seven participants were instructed to passively view or reappraise (reinterpretation, distancing) pictures that were repeatedly presented with the same instruction (active regulation phase). Thirty minutes later, these pictures were shown again without instruction for the assessment of lasting effects (re-exposure phase). ERPs were recorded and participants rated the intensity of negative feelings following picture presentation. Reappraisal led to an attenuation of the LPP, and both tactics decreased negative feelings during active regulation, whereby reinterpretation had a stronger impact on the subjective level. Passive re-exposure resulted in reduced negative feelings for previously reappraised pictures but had no lasting effects on ERPs. Higher habitual reappraisal was associated with higher P300 and early LPP amplitudes for emotional reactivity during the active regulation phase. During the re-exposure phase, higher habitual reappraisal was not related to ERPs. The current findings emphasize the effectiveness of both tactics in the short-term and lasting effects on the subjective experience of negative feelings. Enhanced emotional reactivity on the electrocortical level in individuals with a more frequent habitual use of reappraisal might indicate a higher preparedness to regulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela I Zehtner
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, Giessen, 35394, Germany.
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany.
| | - Marie K Neudert
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, Giessen, 35394, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Axel Schäfer
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, Giessen, 35394, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Fricke
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, Giessen, 35394, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Rosa J Seinsche
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, Giessen, 35394, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Stark
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, Giessen, 35394, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hermann
- Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10H, Giessen, 35394, Germany
- Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Giessen, Germany
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Dickey L, Pegg S, Cárdenas EF, Green H, Dao A, Waxmonsky J, Pérez-Edgar K, Kujawa A. Neural Predictors of Improvement With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents With Depression: An Examination of Reward Responsiveness and Emotion Regulation. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1069-1082. [PMID: 37084164 PMCID: PMC10119540 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Earlier depression onsets are associated with more debilitating courses and poorer life quality, highlighting the importance of effective early intervention. Many youths fail to improve with evidence-based treatments for depression, likely due in part to heterogeneity within the disorder. Multi-method assessment of individual differences in positive and negative emotion processing could improve predictions of treatment outcomes. The current study examined self-report and neurophysiological measures of reward responsiveness and emotion regulation as predictors of response to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Adolescents (14-18 years) with depression (N = 70) completed monetary reward and emotion regulation tasks while electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded, and self-report measures of reward responsiveness, emotion regulation, and depressive symptoms at intake. Adolescents then completed a 16-session group CBT program, with depressive symptoms and clinician-rated improvement assessed across treatment. Lower reward positivity amplitudes, reflecting reduced neural reward responsiveness, predicted lower depressive symptoms with treatment. Larger late positive potential residuals during reappraisal, potentially reflecting difficulty with emotion regulation, predicted greater clinician-rated improvement. Self-report measures were not significant predictors. Results support the clinical utility of EEG measures, with impairments in positive and negative emotion processing predicting greater change with interventions that target these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Dickey
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Samantha Pegg
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emilia F Cárdenas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Haley Green
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Anh Dao
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James Waxmonsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Koraly Pérez-Edgar
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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20
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Fan J, Li W, Lin M, Li X, Deng X. Effects of mindfulness and fatigue on emotional processing: an event-related potentials study. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1175067. [PMID: 37304761 PMCID: PMC10249016 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1175067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a common experience in everyday life. People who experience fatigue will have more intense negative emotions, and at the same time, their positive emotions will decrease, impairing the individual's emotional processing ability. In previous research, mindfulness meditation reduces the intensity of negative emotional stimuli. However, if individuals continue to be affected by negative emotions when they are fatigued, it is unclear whether mindfulness can buffer the negative association between fatigue and emotions. This study examined whether mindfulness meditation affects the association between fatigue and emotions, using event-related potentials (ERPs). One hundred and forty-five participants completed the experiment. They were randomly assigned to the Mindfulness or Non-mindfulness group; and they were presented with positive, neutral, or negative pictures in an emotional processing task before and after mindfulness or rest. Late positive potential (LPP) is an important indicator of emotional stimuli perceived by individuals, and positive or negative pictures can induce an increase in LPP amplitude more than neutral pictures. Our findings suggest that fatigue significantly affected individuals' LPP amplitudes in the early, mid, and late windows in the Non-mindfulness group, specifically, the more fatigued individuals had lower LPP amplitudes, but not in the Mindfulness group. These results suggest that in a state of fatigue, mindful individuals are able to maintain responsiveness to emotional stimuli by maintaining LPP amplitude. Our study has demonstrated that mindfulness meditation, to some extent, offsets the negative association of fatigue with the neural activation of emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Fan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- The Shenzhen Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingping Lin
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinqi Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinmei Deng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- The Shenzhen Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Dell'Acqua C, Hajcak G, Amir N, Santopetro NJ, Brush CJ, Meyer A. Error-related brain activity in pediatric major depressive disorder: An ERP and time-frequency investigation. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 184:100-109. [PMID: 36638913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The error-related negativity (ERN) reflects individual differences in error monitoring. However, findings on the ERN in adult and adolescent depression have been inconsistent. Analyzing electroencephalographic (EEG) data in both the time- and time-frequency domain can be useful to better quantify neural response to errors. The present study aimed at examining electrocortical measures of error monitoring in early adolescents with and without depression. METHOD EEG activity was collected during an arrowhead version of the flanker task in 29 (25 females) early adolescents with depression and 34 without MDD (29 females). RESULTS The depression group showed reduced ERN amplitude, reduced error-related theta power and increased error-related beta power compared to the control group. When all variables that related to MDD diagnosis were considered simultaneously, both theta and beta power, but not the ERN, were independently related to an increased likelihood of being diagnosed with depression. CONCLUSIONS By examining both time-domain and separate time-frequency measures, the present study provided novel evidence on error monitoring alterations in youth depression, suggesting that depression during adolescence may be characterized by reduced error monitoring (i.e., reduced ERN and error-related theta) and post-error inhibition (i.e., greater error-related beta power). These results support that time-frequency measures might be better suited for examining error-related neural activity in MDD relative to time-domain measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dell'Acqua
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA; Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - G Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - N Amir
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | - N J Santopetro
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - C J Brush
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA; Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - A Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
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22
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Trentini E, Dan-Glauser E. Use of difference index approach to analyze the early dynamic efficiency of reappraisal and suppression. METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.metip.2023.100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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23
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Simonetti A, Lijffijt M, Kurian S, Saxena J, Janiri D, Mazza M, Carriero G, Moccia L, Mwangi B, Swann AC, Soares JC. Neuroanatomical Correlates of the Late Positive Potential in Youth with Pediatric Bipolar Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1617-1630. [PMID: 37056060 PMCID: PMC10472816 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230413104536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The late positive potential (LPP) could be a marker of emotion dysregulation in youth with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). However, the neuroanatomical correlates of the LPP are still not clarified. OBJECTIVE To provide cortical and deep gray matter correlates of the LPP in youth, specifically, youth with PBD. METHODS Twenty-four 7 to 17 years-old children with PBD and 28 healthy controls (HC) underwent cortical thickness and deep gray matter volumes measurements through magnetic resonance imaging and LPP measurement elicited by passively viewing emotional faces through electroencephalography. T-tests compared group differences in LPP, cortical thickness, and deep gray matter volumes. Linear regressions tested the relationship between LPP amplitude and cortical thickness/deep gray matter volumes. RESULTS PBD had a more pronounced LPP amplitude for happy faces and a thinner cortex in prefrontal areas than HC. While considering both groups, a higher LPP amplitude was associated with a thicker cortex across occipital and frontal lobes, and with a smaller right globus pallidus volume. In addition, a higher LPP amplitude for happy faces was associated with smaller left caudate and left globus pallidus volumes across both groups. Finally, the LPP amplitude correlated negatively with right precentral gyrus thickness across youth with PBD, but positively across HC. CONCLUSION Neural correlates of LPP in youth included fronto-occipital areas that have been associated also with emotion processing and control. The opposite relationship between BPD and HC of LPP amplitude and right precentral gyrus thickness might explain the inefficacy of the emotional control system in PBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Simonetti
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marijn Lijffijt
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sherin Kurian
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Johanna Saxena
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Delfina Janiri
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Mazza
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Carriero
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alan C. Swann
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jair C. Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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24
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Botelho C, Pasion R, Prata C, Barbosa F. Neuronal underpinnings of the attentional bias toward threat in the anxiety spectrum: Meta-analytical data on P3 and LPP event-related potentials. Biol Psychol 2023; 176:108475. [PMID: 36503040 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review analyzes brain responses at later stages of neuronal processing (P3 at 300-500 ms, and LPP at 300-700 ms). Both P3 and LPP are implicated in attentional threat bias in disorders grouped into fear and distress dimensions of the anxiety spectrum described by the Hierarchical Taxonomy Model of Psychopathology (HiTOP), but there are no consistent findings so far. METHOD Meta-analyses with between- (32 studies, n = 1631) and within-groups design (31 studies, n = 1699) were performed for assessing P3 and LPP modulation in negative, positive, and neutral stimuli, while also considering differences between controls and anxious individuals. Relevant moderators (e.g., age, sex, task) were controlled for and negative stimuli were further decomposed in terms of category (Relevant, Fear/Threat, or Unpleasant). RESULTS Increased P3 and LPP amplitudes were found for negative and positive stimuli, when compared to neutral stimuli (within-subjects analysis), confirming that both components are elicited by emotionally arousing information. Within-effects for negative and positive stimuli were higher for the anxious groups. Nonetheless, between-groups analyses showed that attentional threat bias occurs only in anxious groups when negative, personally relevant-threat information is presented. The HiTOP fear dimension moderated the findings. LIMITATIONS Potential missed studies; ERPs time windows' heterogeneity; adult sample only; the uneven number of computed effects; categorical analyses. CONCLUSION Attentional bias toward disorder-congruent threatening cues can be a transdiagnostic mechanism of HiTOP fear disorders, clustered within the anxiety spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Botelho
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 535, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rita Pasion
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 535, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab (HEI-LAB), Lusófona University, Portugal
| | - Catarina Prata
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 535, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 535, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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25
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Bylsma LM, Tan PZ, Silk JS, Forbes EE, McMakin DL, Dahl RE, Ryan ND, Ladouceur CD. The late positive potential during affective picture processing: Associations with daily life emotional functioning among adolescents with anxiety disorders. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 182:70-80. [PMID: 36174791 PMCID: PMC10023197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric anxiety disorders are characterized by potentiated threat responses and maladaptive emotion regulation (ER). The Late Positive Potential (LPP) is a neural index of heightened attention to emotional stimuli. Anxious individuals typically exhibit a larger LPP to unpleasant stimuli, but the LPP may also be blunted to unpleasant and pleasant stimuli for those with co-morbid depression. While a larger LPP is thought to reflect greater emotional reactivity, it is unknown to what extent variation in the LPP to laboratory stimuli corresponds to daily emotional functioning. We assessed the LPP in the laboratory in response to unpleasant, pleasant, and neutral images in combination with ecological momentary assessment of emotional reactivity and regulation in daily life among youth (9-14 years old; 55 % female) with anxiety disorders (ANX, N = 130) and no psychiatric diagnoses (ND, N = 47). We tested whether LPP amplitudes to unpleasant and pleasant stimuli (vs. neutral) are greater in ANX (vs. ND) youth and whether LPP amplitudes inversely correlate with co-morbid depression symptoms. We also examined associations between the LPP and daily life emotional functioning among ANX and ND youth. We found no group-by-valence effects on LPP amplitudes. Within ANX youth, higher depression symptoms were associated with smaller LPP amplitudes to unpleasant, but not pleasant, stimuli relative to neutral stimuli. Larger LPP amplitudes to emotional (relative to neutral) stimuli were correlated with use of specific ER strategies among ANX and ND youth but not emotional reactivity. While the LPP may reflect initial emotional reactivity to laboratory stimuli, it is associated with ER behaviors, and not emotional reactivity, in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Bylsma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Patricia Z Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California - Los Angeles School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Dana L McMakin
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, United States of America
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- Department of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Neal D Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States of America.
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26
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Pierce JE, Haque E, Neta M. Affective flexibility as a developmental building block of cognitive reappraisal: An fMRI study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 58:101170. [PMID: 36327648 PMCID: PMC9636037 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive reappraisal is a form of emotion regulation that involves reinterpreting the meaning of a stimulus, often to downregulate one's negative affect. Reappraisal typically recruits distributed regions of prefrontal and parietal cortex to generate new appraisals and downregulate the emotional response in the amygdala. In the current study, we compared reappraisal ability in an fMRI task with affective flexibility in a sample of children and adolescents (ages 6-17, N = 76). Affective flexibility was defined as variability in valence interpretations of ambiguous (surprised) facial expressions from a second behavioral task. Results demonstrated that age and affective flexibility predicted reappraisal ability, with an interaction indicating that flexibility in children (but not adolescents) supports reappraisal success. Using a region of interest-based analysis of participants' BOLD time courses, we also found dissociable reappraisal-related brain mechanisms that support reappraisal success and affective flexibility. Specifically, late increases in middle prefrontal cortex activity supported reappraisal success and late decreases in amygdala activity supported flexibility. Together, these results suggest that our novel measure of affective flexibility - the ability to see multiple interpretations of an ambiguous emotional cue - may represent part of the developmental building blocks of cognitive reappraisal ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Pierce
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Eisha Haque
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Maital Neta
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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27
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Nguyen TU, Dorjee D. Impact of a mindfulness-based school curriculum on emotion processing in Vietnamese pre-adolescents: An event-related potentials study. Dev Sci 2022; 25:e13255. [PMID: 35261113 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The neurocognitive mechanisms associated with mindfulness training in children are not well understood. This randomised controlled study with active and passive control groups examined the impact of an 18-week mindfulness curriculum delivered by schoolteachers on emotion processing in Vietnamese 7- to 11-year-olds. Event-related potential markers indexed emotion processing while children were completing emotional Go/No-Go tasks before and after mindfulness training, and at 6-month follow-up. In an oddball Go/No-Go task with Caucasian faces no changes in P3b and LPP components were detected, but in a Go/No-Go task with Caucasian and Japanese faces changes were observed in P3b latencies and LPP mean amplitudes. Specifically, the P3b in response to angry non-targets for Japanese faces peaked later in the mindfulness training group (TG) at 6-months follow-up in comparison to the non-intervention control group (NCG). The LPP mean amplitudes for averaged Caucasian and Japanese angry non-targets were also attenuated in the TG at 6-month follow-up. In contrast, no changes in the LPP mean amplitudes were observed for the NCG over time. Together, these findings may indicate that mindfulness training in pre-adolescents enhances emotional non-reactivity to negative distractors. A fluctuating pattern of LPP mean amplitude modulations for angry targets was observed in the active control group (ACG) receiving social-emotional learning (SEL) training. Overall, findings from this study suggest that mindfulness training in pre-adolescents enhances emotional non-reactivity to negative distractors and some of the effects are culturally sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thy U Nguyen
- Applied Psychology Department, School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Dusana Dorjee
- Psychology in Education Research Centre, Department of Education, University of York, York, England, YO10 5DD, UK
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28
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Lin D, Bi J, Zhang X, Zhu F, Wang Y. Successful emotion regulation via cognitive reappraisal in authentic pride: Behavioral and event-related potential evidence. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:983674. [PMID: 36310848 PMCID: PMC9606822 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.983674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored whether authentic pride (AP) and hubristic pride (HP) were differently associated with cognitive reappraisal strategy. In study 1, undergraduates (n = 235) completed a battery of self-report questionnaires, including the Authentic and Hubristic Pride-Proneness Scale (AHPPS), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and emotion regulation questionnaire (ERP-R). The results showed that AP significantly predicted successful down-regulation of negative emotions via a spontaneous cognitive reappraisal strategy. However, hubristic pride (HP) was negatively associated with spontaneous cognitive reappraisal. In study 2, participants with trait AP (n = 31) and trait HP (n = 29) undergoing continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) recording were required to reinterpret emotional pictures to down-regulate/up-regulate their negative/positive emotional reactions. The results showed that individuals with AP reported lower levels of emotional arousal and lower amplitudes of late positive potentials (LPPs) than did individuals with HP in response to negative pictures during the down-regulation of negative emotions, but not during passive viewing or up-regulation of positive emotions. Across two studies, these findings showed that individuals with AP could utilize the cognitive reappraisal strategy (spontaneously in daily life and under experimental instructions) to down-regulate negative emotions more successfully relative to individuals with HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichun Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianru Bi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
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29
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Lollies F, Schnatschmidt M, Bihlmeier I, Genuneit J, In-Albnon T, Holtmann M, Legenbauer T, Schlarb AA. Associations of sleep and emotion regulation processes in childhood and adolescence - a systematic review, report of methodological challenges and future directions. Sleep Sci 2022; 15:490-514. [PMID: 36419813 PMCID: PMC9670771 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20220082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and emotions are closely associated; however, the methodological challenges in the examination of sleep and the processes of emotion regulation in children and adolescents have not been investigated so far. Additionally, there is the demand to identify the levels of emotion regulating processes in which problematic or restricted sleep causes effect. Experimental sleep deprivation as well as prevalent sleep problems have been found to have negative influence on mental health and regulating functions. This review focuses first on the methodological protocols of the included studies. Subsequently, the results are summarized in the context of a multilevel model of emotion regulation. Thereafter, suggestions for future directions are given. Sleep problems and sleep deprivation are associated with a decrease of functional emotion regulating behavior and impaired emotion generation, and prolonged sleep enhances better mood and affect states, positive emotion expression, and faster sensory processing in response to emotional stimuli. This literature review highlights the limitations in current research, focusing on types of measurements, task characteristics, and data analysis. At the conclusion, suggestions are given for the future research direction in the field of sleep and emotion regulation in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Lollies
- Bielefeld University, Faculty for Psychology and Sports - Bielefeld
- North Rhine Westphalia - Germany
| | - Marisa Schnatschmidt
- Bielefeld University, Faculty for Psychology and Sports - Bielefeld
- North Rhine Westphalia - Germany
| | - Isabell Bihlmeier
- University of Tuebingen, Faculty of Science, Clinical Psychology -
Tuebingen - Baden -Wuerttemberg - Germany
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Leipzig University, Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of
Pediatrics, Medical Faculty - Leipzig - Saxony - Germany
| | - Tina In-Albnon
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Clinical Child and Adolescent
Psychology and Psychotherapy - Koblenz-Landau - Rhineland Palatinate - Germany
| | - Martin Holtmann
- Ruhr University Bochum, LWL - University Hospital Hamm for Child
and Adolescent Psychiatry - Hamm - North Rhine Westphalia - Germany
| | - Tanja Legenbauer
- Ruhr University Bochum, LWL - University Hospital Hamm for Child
and Adolescent Psychiatry - Hamm - North Rhine Westphalia - Germany
| | - Angelika Anita Schlarb
- Bielefeld University, Faculty for Psychology and Sports - Bielefeld
- North Rhine Westphalia - Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Faculty of Science, Clinical Psychology -
Tuebingen - Baden -Wuerttemberg - Germany
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30
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Ke H, Vuong QC, Geangu E. Three- and six-year-old children are sensitive to natural body expressions of emotion: An event-related potential emotional priming study. J Exp Child Psychol 2022; 224:105497. [PMID: 35850023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Body movements provide a rich source of emotional information during social interactions. Although the ability to perceive biological motion cues related to those movements begins to develop during infancy, processing those cues to identify emotions likely continues to develop into childhood. Previous studies used posed or exaggerated body movements, which might not reflect the kind of body expressions children experience. The current study used an event-related potential (ERP) priming paradigm to investigate the development of emotion recognition from more naturalistic body movements. Point-light displays (PLDs) of male adult bodies expressing happy or angry emotional movements while narrating a story were used as prime stimuli, whereas audio recordings of the words "happy" and "angry" spoken with an emotionally neutral prosody were used as targets. We recorded the ERPs time-locked to the onset of the auditory target from 3- and 6-year-old children, and we compared amplitude and latency of the N300 and N400 responses between the two age groups in the different prime-target conditions. There was an overall effect of prime for the N300 amplitude, with more negative-going responses for happy PLDs compared with angry PLDs. There was also an interaction between prime and target for the N300 latency, suggesting that all children were sensitive to the emotional congruency between body movements and words. For the N400 component, there was only an interaction among age, prime, and target for latency, suggesting an age-dependent modulation of this component when prime and target did not match in emotional information. Overall, our results suggest that the emergence of more complex emotion processing of body expressions occurs around 6 years of age, but it is not fully developed at this point in ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ke
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UK.
| | - Quoc C Vuong
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Elena Geangu
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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31
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Revers H, Van Deun K, Strijbosch W, Vroomen J, Bastiaansen M. Decoding the neural responses to experiencing disgust and sadness. Brain Res 2022; 1793:148034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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32
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Single-dose testosterone administration modulates instant empathic responses to others' pain: An EEG study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 141:105768. [PMID: 35500352 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Whether or not testosterone can impair empathy remains unclear in the literature. Given that empathic responses to others' emotional experiences depend strongly upon top-down controlled mechanisms of attention, here we investigated whether the effects of testosterone administration on pain empathy could be modulated by manipulating attention. We used a double-blind, placebo-controlled within-participant design, in which either testosterone or placebo was administrated in separate sessions. Images depicting painful or nonpainful scenes were presented to induce instant empathic responses. Experiment 1 adopted the pain-judgment and hands-counting tasks to direct attention toward painful or nonpainful aspect of the images, respectively. Experiment 2 employed the pain-rating task to estimate affective and cognitive aspects of pain empathy. When discriminating nonpainful aspects of the images in the hands-counting task, accuracies were lower and empathic late positive potential responses were greater in testosterone sessions than in placebo sessions. This suggested that testosterone enhanced empathic responses to task-irrelevant pain-related features, which interfered with task performance. When providing empathic ratings to the images in the pain-rating task, empathic event-related potentials in the early stage were only observed in the testosterone session. This suggested that testosterone facilitated automatic affective reactivity to others' pain when elaborately processing empathic stimuli. Nevertheless, when discriminating painful aspects of the images in the pain-judgment task, we did not observe any significant differences between the two sessions. These results demonstrated that testosterone effects on enhancing brain reactivity to empathic stimuli were dependent upon task demands deploying attention allocation. The enhancement likely arose from the altered brain state (e.g., increased vigilance and arousal levels) after testosterone administration, as evidenced by the reduced amplitude of spontaneous α-oscillation recorded before the onset of the images. It expands our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms that affect empathy, and highlights the role of testosterone.
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33
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Callara AL, Cecchetto C, Dal Bo E, Citi L, Gentili C, Vanello N, Scilingo EP, Greco A. Human body odors of happiness and fear modulate the late positive potential component during neutral face processing: a preliminary ERP study on healthy subjects. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:4093-4096. [PMID: 36085736 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human body odors (HBOs) are powerful stimuli that can affect emotional, cognitive and behavioral processes. However, the characterization of the physiological response to HBOs is still to be fully investigated. Here, we analyzed the self-assessed emotion perception and the EEG event-related potentials (ERP) on 17 healthy young women during a simultaneous visual-olfactory stimulation. Particularly, we evaluated the effect of happiness and fear HBO on the amplitude of ERP waveforms elicited by neutral face processing. In addition, we evaluated the subjective valence and arousal perception of the presented neutral faces by means of the self-assessment-manikin test. We observed a significant increase in the amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP) for central left sites (i.e., C3) during the administration of HBOs with respect to clean air. On the other hand, we did not observe any significant change in the subjective valence and arousal scores as well as for the early components of the ERP (i.e., P100, N170, Vertex-Positive-Potential). Our preliminary results suggest that fear and happiness HBO can induce a protracted increase in the LPP, and possibly reflect an automatic and sustained engagement with emotionally significant content.
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Willner CJ, Hoffmann JD, Bailey CS, Harrison AP, Garcia B, Ng ZJ, Cipriano C, Brackett MA. The Development of Cognitive Reappraisal From Early Childhood Through Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Methodological Recommendations. Front Psychol 2022; 13:875964. [PMID: 35814075 PMCID: PMC9258621 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.875964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive reappraisal is an important emotion regulation strategy that shows considerable developmental change in its use and effectiveness. This paper presents a systematic review of the evidence base regarding the development of cognitive reappraisal from early childhood through adolescence and provides methodological recommendations for future research. We searched Scopus, PsycINFO, and ERIC for empirical papers measuring cognitive reappraisal in normative samples of children and youth between the ages of 3 and 18 years published in peer-reviewed journals through August 9th, 2018. We identified 118 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We first present a quantitative review of the methodologies used to investigate cognitive reappraisal in children and adolescents, with attention to variations in methodologies by the sample age range. We then present a qualitative review of findings with attention to: (1) the age at which children begin to effectively use cognitive reappraisal to regulate their emotions, and (2) developmental changes in cognitive reappraisal from early childhood through adolescence. We consider how methodological differences may contribute to inconsistencies in findings, highlight gaps in the literature that remain to be addressed, and make recommendations for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica D. Hoffmann
- Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Tao D, Leng Y, Huo J, Peng S, Xu J, Deng H. Effects of Core Disgust and Moral Disgust on Moral Judgment: An Event-Related Potential Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:806784. [PMID: 35783761 PMCID: PMC9242396 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.806784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Core disgust is elicited by physical or chemical stimuli, while moral disgust is evoked by abstract violations of moral norms. Although previous studies have pointed out these two types of disgust can affect behavior and spatial dimensions of moral judgment, less is known about how moral and core disgust affect the temporal neural processing of moral judgment. In addition, whether moral and core disgust are only related to purity-based moral judgment or all kinds of moral judgment is still controversial. This study aimed to explore how core and moral disgust affect the neural processing of purity-based moral judgment by using affective priming and moral judgment tasks. The behavioral results showed that the severity of moral violation of non-purity ones is higher than purity ones. The event-related potentials (ERP) results mainly revealed that earlier P2 and N2 components, which represent the automatic moral processes, can differentiate neutral and two types of disgust rather than differentiating moral domain, while the later N450, frontal, and parietal LPP components, which represent the conflict detection and, later, cognitive processing can differentiate the purity and non-purity ones rather than differentiating priming type. Moreover, core and moral disgust priming mainly differed in the purity-based moral processing indexed by parietal LPP. Our findings confirmed that the disgusting effect on moral judgments can be explained within the framework of dual-process and social intuitionist models, suggesting that emotions, including core and moral disgust, played an essential role in the automatic intuition process. The later parietal LPP results strongly supported that core disgust only affected the purity-based moral judgment, fitting the primary purity hypothesis well. We show how these theories can provide novel insights into the temporal mechanisms of moral judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tao
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Leng
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiamin Huo
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suhao Peng
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Psychology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts (LSA), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Huihua Deng
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Sun Y, Xu Y, Lv J, Liu Y. Self- and Situation-Focused Reappraisal are not homogeneous: Evidence from behavioral and brain networks. Neuropsychologia 2022; 173:108282. [PMID: 35660514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reappraisal is an effective emotion regulation strategy which can be divided into self- and situation-focused subtypes. Previous studies have produced inconsistent findings on the moderating effects and neural mechanisms of reappraisal; thus, further research is necessary to clarify these inconsistencies. In this study, a total of 44 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups. 23 participants were assigned to the self-focused group, while 21 participants were assigned to the situation-focused group. The participants' resting EEG data were collected for 6 minutes before the experiment began, followed by an emotional regulation task. During this task, participants were asked to view emotion-provoking images under four emotion regulation conditions (View, Watch, Increase, and Decrease). Late positive potential (LPP) was obtained when these emotional images were observed. LPP is an effective physiological indicator of emotion regulation, enabling this study to explore emotion regulation under different reappraisal strategies, as well as the functional connectivity and node efficiency within the brain. It was found that, in terms of the effect on emotion regulation, situation-focused reappraisal was significantly better than self-focused reappraisal at enhancing the valence of negative emotion, while self-focused reappraisal was significantly better than situation-focused reappraisal at increasing the arousal of negative emotion. In terms of neural mechanisms, multiple brain regions such as the anterior cingulate cortex, the frontal lobe, the parahippocampal gyrus, parts of the temporal lobe, and parts of the parietal lobe were involved in both reappraisal processes. In addition, there were some differences in brain regions associated with different forms of cognitive reappraisal. Self-focused reappraisal was associated with the posterior cingulate gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and lingual gyrus, and situation-focused reappraisal was associated with the parietal lobule, anterior central gyrus, and angular gyrus. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that self- and situation-focused reappraisal are not homogenous in terms of their effects and neural mechanisms and clarifies the uncertainties over their regulatory effects. Different types of reappraisal activate different brain regions when used, and the functional connectivity or node efficiency of these brain regions seems to be a suitable indicator for assessing the effects of different types of reappraisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lv
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Department of Psychology, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.
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Bonilla-Santos G, Gantiva C, González-Hernández A, Padilla-García T, Bonilla-Santos J. Emotional processing in bullying: an event-related potential study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7954. [PMID: 35562581 PMCID: PMC9106725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying is a subtype of violence that leads to maladaptive behaviors and emotional responses, with implications for social competence, emotions, and empathy. The present study compared the time course of emotional processing in children who were involved in the dynamics of bullying (i.e., as victims, bullies, and observers) by evaluating event-related potentials [early posterior negativity and late positive potential (LPP)] in different brain regions during a passive visualization task that involved positive, neutral, and negative social pictures. High-density electroencephalograms were recorded in 45 children, 8-12 years old (M = 9.5 years, SD = 1.3), while they observed emotional and neutral social pictures that we selected from the International Affective Picture System. Late positive potential had higher amplitudes in the victim group, especially in posterior and anterior regions. In the central region, LPP was greater toward neutral social pictures in bullying victims. The greater amplitude of LPP in victims was observed during and after the stimulus. The results showed a consistent response with a higher intensity in response to emotional stimuli in the victim group, suggesting a tendency toward hypervigilance that could interfere with emotional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Gantiva
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Jasmin Bonilla-Santos
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Calle 11 No 1-51, Neiva, 410010, Huila, Colombia.
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Myruski S, Dennis-Tiwary TA. Observed parental spontaneous scaffolding predicts neurocognitive signatures of child emotion regulation. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 177:111-121. [PMID: 35568269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER), a key predictor of positive adjustment throughout the lifespan, is forged in development with profound contributions from parents. In particular, parent scaffolding of child cognition and emotion serves to bolster child regulatory abilities beyond what they could achieve alone. Through habitual parent-child interactions, scaffolded ER likely becomes internalized and drives foundations of neurocognitive regulatory circuitry. Yet, biobehavioral research is needed to establish predictive links between parent scaffolding behaviors and neurocognitive signatures of adaptive child ER. The present study examined observed parental spontaneous scaffolding of child performance during emotionally and cognitively challenging behavioral tasks to predict a neurocognitive signature of adaptive ER: the late positive potential (LPP). The LPP is an event-related potential (ERP) that is modulated by reappraisal, a widely-studied ER strategy defined as interpreting a stimulus in a more positive light. Reduced magnitude of the LPP via reappraisal is a signature of adaptive ER because it predicts both reduced emotional arousal and increased use of adaptive ER strategies. Ninety-seven (49 females; Mage = 6.96, SD = 1.15) 5 to 9 year olds were recruited along with one parent each. Parents and children then completed a cognitively challenging blocks task and a frustrating waiting task, which were subsequently coded to quantify scaffolding quality. Participants completed a Directed Reappraisal Task (DRT) in which unpleasant pictures were paired with either reappraisal or negative interpretations while EEG was recorded. Results showed that greater parental use of high-quality scaffolding predicted greater reduction of the LPP via reappraisal. These findings suggest that habitual parent scaffolding supports adaptive ER measured at the neurocognitive level in childhood. Further, results highlight the importance of examining parent-child interactions when evaluating biological processes underlying ER in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Myruski
- Pennsylvania State University, United States of America.
| | - Tracy A Dennis-Tiwary
- Hunter College, CUNY, United States of America; The Graduate Center, CUNY, United States of America
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Panier L, Ethridge P, Farrell‐Reeves A, Punturieri C, Kujawa A, Dirks M, Weinberg A. Associations between peer stress in early adolescence and multiple event‐related potentials elicited during social feedback processing. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22279. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.22279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Panier
- Department of Psychology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Paige Ethridge
- Department of Psychology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | | | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychological Sciences Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Melanie Dirks
- Department of Psychology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
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40
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Zhou H, Zou H, Dai Z, Zhao S, Hua L, Xia Y, Han Y, Yan R, Tang H, Huang Y, Du Y, Wang X, Yao Z, Lu Q. Interoception Dysfunction Contributes to the Negative Emotional Bias in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:874859. [PMID: 35479498 PMCID: PMC9035634 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.874859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research studies have demonstrated that impaired interoception is involved in emotional information processing in major depressive disorder (MDD). Heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) amplitudes, an index for interoception, could be manipulated by emotional faces in healthy people. Considering negative emotional bias is the core characteristic in MDD, we hypothesized that interoception dysfunction was associated with the negative emotional bias in MDD. Methods An electroencephalogram (EEG) study under an emotional faces task was applied to explore the relationship between interoception and emotional bias. HEPs before emotional faces stimuli were used to predict the late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes and it worked as an index of emotional bias. Twenty-seven patients with MDD and 27 healthy controls (HCs) participated in this study. Source analysis gave an auxiliary description for results in sensory level. Results Major depressive disorders (MDDs) had poor performance in the heartbeat count task (HCT) and attenuate HEP average amplitudes (455-550 ms). Compared with HCs, cluster-based permutation t-tests revealed that MDDs had attenuated LPP amplitudes (300-1,000 ms) over centroparietal regions and enhanced LPP amplitudes over frontocentral regions. Furthermore, abnormal attenuated HEPs could predict aberrant LPPs under sad face stimuli in MDDs, which could be associated with the dysfunction of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and right insula. Conclusion Mediated by ACC and insula, interoception dysfunction contributes to the negative emotional bias of MDD, highlighting the importance of interoception in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haowen Zou
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongpeng Dai
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Hua
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingling Han
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinghong Huang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yishan Du
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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41
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Weik E, Virji-Babul N, Ribary U, Tipper C. A matter of perspective: Distinct brain mechanisms for evaluating positive and negative social feedback about oneself and another person. Soc Neurosci 2022; 17:193-208. [DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2022.2058081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ella Weik
- Department of Psychiatry, Bc Mental Health and Substance Use Services, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Naznin Virji-Babul
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Urs Ribary
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Bc Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christine Tipper
- Department of Psychiatry, Bc Mental Health and Substance Use Services, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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42
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Key AP, Jones D, Corbett BA. Sex differences in automatic emotion regulation in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2022; 15:712-728. [PMID: 35103402 PMCID: PMC9060299 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Autism may be underdiagnosed in females because their social difficulties are often less noticeable. This study explored sex differences in automatic facial emotion processing in 45 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (22 female, 23 male), age 10-16 years, performing active target detection task and Go/NoGo tasks where faces with positive and negative emotional expressions served as irrelevant distractors. The combined sample demonstrated more accurate performance on the target detection (response initiation) than the Go/NoGo task (response inhibition), replicating findings previously reported in typical participants. Females exhibited greater difficulty than males with response initiation in the target detection task, especially in the context of angry faces, while males found withholding a response in the Go/NoGo block with happy faces more challenging. Electrophysiological data revealed no sex differences or emotion discrimination effects during the early perceptual processing of faces indexed by the occipitotemporal N170. Autistic males demonstrated increased frontal N2 and parietal P3 amplitudes compared to females, suggesting greater neural resource allocation to automatic emotion regulation processes. The associations between standardized behavioral measures (autism severity, theory of mind skills) and brain responses also varied by sex: more adaptive social functioning was related to the speed of perceptual processing (N170 latency) in females and the extent of deliberate attention allocation (P3 amplitudes) in males. Together, these findings suggest that males and females with autism may rely on different strategies for social functioning and highlight the importance of considering sex differences in autism. LAY SUMMARY: Females with autism may exhibit less noticeable social difficulties than males. This study demonstrates that autistic females are more successful than males at inhibiting behavioral responses in emotional contexts, while males are more likely to initiate a response. At the neural level, social functioning in females is related to the speed of automatic perceptual processing of facial cues, and in males, to the extent of active attention allocation to the stimuli. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex differences in autism diagnosis and treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P. Key
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Dorita Jones
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Blythe A. Corbett
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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43
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Feurer C, Granros M, Calentino AE, Suor JH, Burkhouse KL. Risk for youth anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: The interactive impact of financial stress and prepandemic electrocortical reactivity to negative self-referential stimuli. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22250. [PMID: 35312058 PMCID: PMC8943894 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence that stress exposure increases risk for internalizing symptoms in youth, it remains unclear which youth are most vulnerable. This study examined whether youth's prepandemic late positive potential (LPP), an electrocortical marker of sustained attention to affective stimuli, exacerbated the impact of stress on prospective increases in depression and anxiety symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 29 youth (ages 9-16, 82.8% girls) who completed depression and anxiety symptom measures and an affective words task to assess LPP to positive and negative self-referential stimuli prepandemic onset. Postpandemic onset, approximately 16.03 months (SD = 8.86) after their baseline assessments, youth again completed symptom measures as well as the UCLA Life Stress Interview to assess ongoing social and financial chronic stress. Results indicated a significant interaction between youth LPP to negative words and financial stress. Greater exposure to financial stress during the pandemic predicted greater anxiety symptom increases specifically for youth who demonstrated enhanced prepandemic LPP to negative words. Results were specific to the prediction of anxiety, but not depression, symptoms. If replicated in larger studies, findings highlight enhanced LPP to negative stimuli as a promising target for intervention for youth exposed to greater financial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cope Feurer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Maria Granros
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Alison E. Calentino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jennifer H. Suor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Katie L. Burkhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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44
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Event-related potential studies of emotion regulation: A review of recent progress and future directions. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 176:73-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Bigelow FJ, Clark GM, Lum JAG, Enticott PG. Facial emotion processing and language during early-to-middle childhood development: An event related potential study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 53:101052. [PMID: 34954666 PMCID: PMC8717415 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial emotion processing (FEP) is critical to social cognitive ability. Developmentally, FEP rapidly improves in early childhood and continues to be fine-tuned throughout middle childhood and into adolescence. Previous research has suggested that language plays a role in the development of social cognitive skills, including non-verbal emotion recognition tasks. Here we investigated whether language is associated with specific neurophysiological indicators of FEP. One hundred and fourteen children (4-12 years) completed a language assessment and a FEP task including stimuli depicting anger, happiness, fear, and neutrality. EEG was used to record key event related potentials (ERPs; P100, N170, LPP at occipital and parietal sites separately) previously shown to be sensitive to faces and facial emotion. While there were no main effects of language, the P100 latency to negative expressions appeared to increase with language, while LPP amplitude increased with language for negative and neutral expressions. These findings suggest that language is linked to some early physiological indicators of FEP, but this is dependent on the facial expression. Future studies should explore the role of language in later stages of neural processing, with a focus on processes localised to ventromedial prefrontal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity J Bigelow
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Gillian M Clark
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jarrad A G Lum
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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46
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Cross-cultural differences in the processing of social and non-social positive emotions: An ERP study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Keil V, Tuschen-Caffier B, Schmitz J. Effects of Cognitive Reappraisal on Subjective and Neural Reactivity to Angry Faces in Children with Social Anxiety Disorder, Clinical Controls with Mixed Anxiety Disorders and Healthy Children. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:886-898. [PMID: 33895894 PMCID: PMC9470612 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive models of social anxiety suggest that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by both enhanced emotional reactivity and deficits in emotion regulation. Emotional reactivity to socially threatening children's faces and their modulation through reappraisal were measured via subjective ratings and electrocortical responses in children (age 10-13) with SAD (n = 28), clinical controls with mixed anxiety disorders (n = 28), and healthy controls (n = 29). Children with SAD showed higher subjective reactivity to the images of angry children's faces while all children reported reduced reactivity in their subjective ratings following reappraisal. Reduced electrocortical reactivity after reappraisal was only evident in older children and boys and was unrelated to anxiety. The present study indicates that cognitive reappraisal may be beneficial in reducing subjective reactivity in children with anxiety disorders, while neural effects of reappraisal may emerge at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Keil
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brunna Tuschen-Caffier
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schmitz
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany. .,Leipzig Research Center for Early Child Development, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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48
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Danon-Kraun S, Horovitz O, Frenkel T, Richter-Levin G, Pine DS, Shechner T. Return of fear following extinction in youth: An event-related potential study. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22189. [PMID: 34674235 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability to learn to differentiate safety from danger matures gradually, particularly when such learning occurs over an extended time period. And yet, most research on fear learning examines the early phases of such learning and mainly in adults. The current study examined fear conditioning and extinction, as well as one form of extended learning, return of fear (ROF). Thirty-three typically developing children (age range: 7-14 years) completed fear conditioning and extinction; self-reports and psychophysiological indices were measured at this point. Two weeks later, children completed a ROF test (n = 23), and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Results indicated successful fear acquisition and extinction. Moreover, participants reported greater fear of the conditioned stimulus (CS+) than the safety stimulus (CS-) in the ROF test 2 weeks later. In electrophysiology data, ROF manifested as a larger late positive potential (LPP) response to the CS+ than the CS-. Finally, these differences in LPP responses were positively correlated with poorer extinction, as indicated by the GSR responses 2 weeks earlier. This is the first ERP study to demonstrate ROF in children. The LPP measure may index an interplay between inhibitory and excitatory brain-related processes underlying the long-term effects of fear learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Danon-Kraun
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Omer Horovitz
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Psychology Department, Tel-Hai College, Tel-Hai, Israel
| | - Tahl Frenkel
- Ziama Arkin Infancy Institute, Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tomer Shechner
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Development of emotion processing and regulation: Insights from event-related potentials and implications for internalizing disorders. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 170:121-132. [PMID: 34656703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Emotionally-salient stimuli receive selective attention and elicit complex neural responses that evolve considerably across development. Event-related potentials (ERPs) optimally capture the dynamics of emotion processing and regulation, with sensitivity to detect changes in magnitude, latency, and maximal location across development. In this selective qualitative review, we summarize evidence of developmental changes in neural reactivity to emotional stimuli and modulation of neural responses during emotion regulation indexed by ERPs across infancy, childhood, and adolescence. The cumulative ERP literature suggests the transition from childhood to adulthood is characterized by a gradual decrease in neural reactivity to emotional stimuli and increased efficiency in attentional allocation towards emotional stimuli. Some studies show sensitivity to emotional stimuli peaks in adolescence, but the evidence is mixed. While both early (<300 ms) and late (>300 ms) ERPs demonstrate sensitivity to emotional stimuli, emotional modulation is more consistently observed in relatively later ERPs across development. The literature additionally shows improvements in regulation abilities across development, though ERP research on developmental changes in emotion regulation is still relatively limited, highlighting a critical direction for future research. Finally, we briefly discuss changes in emotion-related ERPs relevant to the emergence of depression and anxiety. Findings from this review indicate that ERPs provide abundant information about the development of emotion processing and regulation, with potential clinical utility for detecting early-emerging vulnerabilities for internalizing forms of psychopathology.
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50
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Bigelow FJ, Clark GM, Lum JAG, Enticott PG. The development of neural responses to emotional faces: A review of evidence from event-related potentials during early and middle childhood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 51:100992. [PMID: 34329806 PMCID: PMC8339225 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial emotion processing (FEP) develops throughout childhood and provides crucial social information necessary for the interpretation and prediction of others' behaviour. This systematic review, which includes a meta-regression component, sought to explore the development of FEP event-related potentials (P100, N170, and late positive potential [LPP]) in children aged three to twelve years. Thirty-four studies, representing data from 1511 children, were included in the review. The combination of meta-regression and systematic review suggest that P100 amplitude decreases with increasing age in response to emotional facial stimuli. P100 latency may show a gradual decrease around the age of ten. In terms of the N170, it is suggested that amplitude follows a non-linear trend with age, and latency may decrease in early childhood before plateauing during middle childhood. Of note, review of the literature indicates that substantial methodological differences and high levels of heterogeneity exist. We suggest future research considers these results within the context of emotion-specific development, whilst also acknowledging how this may relate to individual social functioning skills across early-to-middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity J Bigelow
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Gillian M Clark
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jarrad A G Lum
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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