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Conesa HM, Párraga-Aguado IM, Jiménez FJ, Querejeta JI. Evaluation of the trade-off between water use efficiency and nutrient use efficiency in two semiarid coniferous tree species growing on an organic amended metalliferous mine tailing substrate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173607. [PMID: 38825195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated the ecophysiological responses of two semiarid coniferous tree species, Pinus halepensis and Tetraclinis articulata, growing on a nutrient-poor metalliferous mine tailings substrate to organic amendments (biochar and/or organic municipal waste). The trees were grown in mesocosms under irrigated conditions for 20 months. Then, a comprehensive characterization of soil and plant parameters (including stable isotopes) was carried out. Treatments containing municipal waste showed better soil fertility indicators (approximately 2-fold higher organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations) and higher plant biomass (up to 5-fold higher) than unamended and only biochar treatments. Trees in most of the treatments exhibited leaf N/P ratios <14 indicating severe N limitation of plant growth. Metal uptake was below phytotoxic levels across all the treatments. Leaf δ13C values correlated positively with δ18O across treatments for both species indicating increasing water use efficiency with tighter stomatal regulation of water flux, and with T. articulata exhibiting tighter stomatal control (higher δ18O values) than P. halepensis. Trees in treatments containing only biochar did not differ in ecophysiological performance from those in the unamended treatments. In contrast, leaf stable isotopes revealed sharply increased of time-integrated photosynthetic activity (favoured by higher leaf N concentrations) combined with lower time-integrated stomatal conductance in the treatments containing municipal waste, indicating greatly enhanced water use efficiency in better nourished plants. Trade-offs between water use efficiency and nutrient (N and P) use efficiency were evident across treatments, with higher leaf nutrient concentrations associated with higher water use efficiency, at the cost of a lower nutrient use efficiency. These trade-offs were not impaired by the high metal concentrations of the tailings substrate, indicating that ecophysiological adjustments in response to changes in plant nutrient status promoted by the addition of organic amendments are critical for the adaptability of native tree species employed in the phytostabilisation of mine tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor M Conesa
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
| | - Isabel M Párraga-Aguado
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; IES Juan Sebastián Elcano, Carretera de Tentegorra, s/n, 30205 Cartagena, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Jiménez
- BIOCYMA, Consultora en Medio Ambiente y Calidad, S.L. Calle Azarbe del Papel, 10, 30007 Murcia, Spain.
| | - José-Ignacio Querejeta
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Betekhtina AA, Reutova NA, Veselkin DV. Plants of Different Monocot Families Differ in Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contents in Leaves. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2024; 517:59-62. [PMID: 38955883 DOI: 10.1134/s001249662470100x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The folia content of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were studied in five monocot families: Amaryllidaceae, Cyperaceae, Iridaceae, Orchidacea, and Poaceae. The species of different monocot families were found to have different amount of N and P and their ratio in the leaves. The lowest N content was in Iridaceae and the highest was in Amaryllidaceae. The lowest P content was in Cyperaceae and Poaceae while the highest was in Amaryllidaceae and Iridaceae. A minimum N/P ratio was observed in Iridaceae; a maximum N/P ratio, was in Poaceae. Thus, certain specifics were detected in the content of N and P and their ratio in the monocot families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N A Reutova
- Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - D V Veselkin
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Zhang L, Zuo Z, Qiao X, Liu Y, Qu R, Zhao H, Wang Y, Zhao P, Zhang L, Wu Z, Wang Z. Global leaf sulfur stoichiometry and the relationships with nitrogen and phosphorus: phylogeny, growth form and environmental controls. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240206. [PMID: 39043235 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is an essential bioelement with vital roles in serving regulatory and catalytic functions and tightly coupled with N and P in plants. However, globally stoichiometric patterns of leaf S and its relationships to leaf N and P are less well studied. We compiled 31 939 records of leaf-based data for 2600 plant species across 6652 sites worldwide. All plant species were divided into different phylogenetic taxa and growth forms. Standard major axis analysis was employed to fit the bivariate element relationships. A phylogenetic linear mixed-effect model and a multiple-regression model were used to partition the variations of bioelements into phylogeny and environments, and then to estimate the importance of environmental variables. Global geometric mean leaf S, N and P concentrations were 1.44, 15.70 and 1.27 mg g-1, respectively, with significant differences among plant groups. Leaf S-N-P positively correlated with each other, ignoring plant groups. The scaling exponents of LN-LS, LP-LS and LN-LP were 0.64, 0.76 and 0.79, respectively, for all species, but differed among plant groups. Both phylogeny and environments regulated the bioelements. The variability, rather than mean temperature, controlled the bioelements. Phylogeny explained more for the concentrations of all the three bioelements than environments, of which S was the one most affected by phylogenetic taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjian Zhang
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Zuo
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of China
- Yani Wetland Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station, Tibet University, Nyingchi 860000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Qu
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Haocun Zhao
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Youxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peidong Zhao
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wang
- The National Field Station of Freshwater Ecosystem of Liangzi Lake, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of China
- Yani Wetland Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station, Tibet University, Nyingchi 860000, People's Republic of China
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Wang MT, Xue ZF, Tao Y, Kan ZH, Zhou XB, Liu HL, Zhang YM. Spatiotemporal patterns of leaf nutrients of wild apples in a wild fruit forest plot in the Ili Valley, China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:684. [PMID: 39020284 PMCID: PMC11256650 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Malus sieversii, commonly known as wild apples, represents a Tertiary relict plant species and serves as the progenitor of globally cultivated apple varieties. Unfortunately, wild apple populations are facing significant degradation in localized areas due to a myriad of factors. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the nutrient status and spatiotemporal variations of M. sieversii, green leaves were collected in May and July, and the fallen leaves were collected in October. The concentrations of leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were measured, and the stoichiometric ratios as well as nutrient resorption efficiencies were calculated. The study also explored the relative contributions of soil, topographic, and biotic factors to the variation in nutrient traits. The results indicate that as the growing period progressed, the concentrations of N and P in the leaves significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the concentration of K in October was significantly lower than in May and July. Throughout plant growth, leaf N-P and N-K exhibited hyperallometric relationships, while P-K showed an isometric relationship. Resorption efficiency followed the order of N < P < K (P < 0.05), with all three ratios being less than 1; this indicates that the order of nutrient limitation is K > P > N. The resorption efficiencies were mainly regulated by nutrient concentrations in fallen leaves. A robust spatial dependence was observed in leaf nutrient concentrations during all periods (70.1-97.9% for structural variation), highlighting that structural variation, rather than random factors, dominated the spatial variation. Nutrient resorption efficiencies (NRE, PRE, and KRE) displayed moderate structural variation (30.2-66.8%). The spatial patterns of nutrient traits varied across growth periods, indicating they are influenced by multifactorial elements (in which, soil property showed the highest influence). In conclusion, wild apples manifested differentiated spatiotemporal variability and influencing factors across various leaf nutrient traits. These results provide crucial insights into the spatiotemporal patterns and influencing factors of leaf nutrient traits of M. sieversii at the permanent plot scale for the first time. This work is of great significance for the ecosystem restoration and sustainable management of degrading wild fruit forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Xue
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
| | - Zi-Han Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Hui-Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
- Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, 844900, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China.
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Zuo K, Fan L, Guo Z, Zhang L, Duan Y, Zhang J, Chen S, Lin H, Hu R. High nutrient utilization and resorption efficiency promote bamboo expansion and invasion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 362:121370. [PMID: 38838536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Bamboos are fast-growing, aggressively-spreading, and invasive woody clonal species that often encroach upon adjacent tree plantations, forming bamboo-tree mixed plantations. However, the effects of bamboo invasion on leaf carbon (C) assimilation, and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) utilization characteristics remains unclear. We selected four different stands of Pleioblastus amarus invading Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations to investigate the concentrations, stoichiometry, and allometric growth relationships of mature and withered leaves of young and old bamboos, analyzing N and P utilization and resorption patterns. The stand type, bamboo age, and their interaction affected the concentrations, stoichiometry and allometric growth patterns of leaf C, N, and P in both old and young bamboos, as well as the N and P resorption efficiency. Bamboo invasion into Chinese fir plantations decreased leaf C, N, and P concentrations, C:N and C:P ratios, N and P resorption efficiency, and allometric growth exponents among leaf C, N, and P, while it only slightly altered N:P ratios. PLS-PM analysis revealed that bamboo invasion negatively impacted leaf C, N, and P concentrations, as well as N and P utilization and resorption. The results indicate that high N and P utilization and resorption efficiency, along with the mutual sharing of C, N, and P among bamboos in interface zones, promote continuous bamboo expansion and invasion. Collectively, these findings highlight the significance of N and P utilization and resorption in bamboo expansion and invasion and provide valuable guidance for the establishment of mixed stands and the ecological management of bamboo forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Zuo
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Lili Fan
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Ziwu Guo
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China.
| | - Le Zhang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Yiyang Duan
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Jingrun Zhang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Shuanglin Chen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Forestry Bureau of Shaxian County, Shaxian, Sanming, 365500, China
| | - Ruicai Hu
- Longyou Forestry Extension Station, Quzhou, 324400, China
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Verboom GA, Slingsby JA, Cramer MD. Fire-modulated fluctuations in nutrient availability stimulate biome-scale floristic turnover in time, and elevated species richness, in low-nutrient fynbos heathland. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:819-832. [PMID: 38150535 PMCID: PMC11082518 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In many systems, postfire vegetation recovery is characterized by temporal changes in plant species composition and richness. We attribute this to changes in resource availability with time since fire, with the magnitude of species turnover determined by the degree of resource limitation. Here, we test the hypothesis that postfire species turnover in South African fynbos heathland is powered by fire-modulated changes in nutrient availability, with the magnitude of turnover in nutrient-constrained fynbos being greater than in fertile renosterveld shrubland. We also test the hypothesis that floristic overlaps between fynbos and renosterveld are attributable to nutritional augmentation of fynbos soils immediately after fire. METHODS We use vegetation survey data from two sites on the Cape Peninsula to compare changes in species richness and composition with time since fire. KEY RESULTS Fynbos communities display a clear decline in species richness with time since fire, whereas no such decline is apparent in renosterveld. In fynbos, declining species richness is associated with declines in the richness of plant families having high foliar concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and possessing attributes that are nutritionally costly. In contrast, families that dominate late-succession fynbos possess adaptations for the acquisition and retention of sparse nutrients. At the family level, recently burnt fynbos is compositionally more similar to renosterveld than is mature fynbos. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that nutritionally driven species turnover contributes significantly to fynbos community richness. We propose that the extremely low baseline fertility of fynbos soils serves to lengthen the nutritional resource axis along which species can differentiate and coexist, thereby providing the opportunity for low-nutrient extremophiles to coexist spatially with species adapted to more fertile soil. This mechanism has the potential to operate in any resource-constrained system in which episodic disturbance affects resource availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Anthony Verboom
- Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Jasper A Slingsby
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- Fynbos Node, South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael D Cramer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
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Cramer MD, Anthony Verboom G. Quantitative evaluation of the drivers of species richness in a Mediterranean ecosystem (Cape, South Africa). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:801-818. [PMID: 37712853 PMCID: PMC11082525 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mediterranean ecosystems have a high vascular plant species richness (SR) relative to their surface area. This SR, representing the balance between speciation and extinction, has been attributed to multiple mechanisms that result in both high rates of speciation and/or low rates of extinction. An abiding question is, however, what is special about Mediterranean ecosystems that enables this high SR? Apart from the long-term climatic stability of the region, SR has also been related to resource availability, the many individuals hypothesis, resource spatial heterogeneity, temporal heterogeneity and biotic feedbacks. METHODS Spatial patterns of species richness were related to climatic, edaphic and biotic variables and to spatial variability within the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) of South Africa. Boosted regression tree models were used to explore the strength of relationships between SR and environmental predictors related to each hypothesized mechanism. KEY RESULTS Water availability (i.e. precipitation) was a stronger predictor of SR than potential evapotranspiration or temperature. Scarcity of nutrients was also related to SR. There was no indication that SR was related to the density of individuals and only temporal heterogeneity induced by fire was related to SR. Spatial heterogeneities of climatic, edaphic and biotic variables were strongly associated with SR. Biotic interactions remain difficult to assess, although we have some evidence for a putative role in regulating SR. CONCLUSIONS While the lack of ecosystem-resetting disturbances (e.g. glaciation) is undoubtedly a key requirement for high species accumulation, predictably, no one explanation holds the key to understanding SR. In the GCFR high SR is the product of a combination of adequate water, nutrient scarcity, spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and possibly biotic feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Cramer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G Anthony Verboom
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
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Liu B, Zhang C, Deng J, Zhang B, Chen F, Chen W, Fang X, Li J, Zu K, Bu W. Response of tree growth to nutrient addition is size dependent in a subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171501. [PMID: 38447724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how nutrient addition affects the tree growth is critical for assessing forest ecosystem function and processes, especially in the context of increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition. Subtropical forests are often considered N-rich and P-poor ecosystems, but few existing studies follow the traditional "P limitation" paradigm, possibly due to differences in nutrient requirements among trees of different size classes. We conducted a three-year fertilization experiment with four treatments (Control, N-treatment, P-treatment, and NP-treatment). We measured soil nutrient availability, leaf stoichiometry, and relative growth rate (RGR) of trees across three size classes (small, medium and large) in 64 plots. We found that N and NP-treatments increased the RGR of large trees. P-treatment increased the RGR of small trees. RGR was mainly affected by N addition, the total effect of P addition was only 10 % of that of N addition. The effect of nutrient addition on RGR was mainly regulated by leaf stoichiometry. This study reveals that nutrient limitation is size dependent, indicating that continuous unbalanced N and P deposition will inhibit the growth of small trees and increase the instability of subtropical forest stand structure, but may improve the carbon sink function of large trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Cancan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiulianshan National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Administration of Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve, Ganzhou 341799, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Administration of Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve, Ganzhou 341799, China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiulianshan National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Administration of Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve, Ganzhou 341799, China
| | - Xiangmin Fang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Kuiling Zu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wensheng Bu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiulianshan National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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9
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Li F, Qian H, Sardans J, Amishev DY, Wang Z, Zhang C, Wu T, Xu X, Tao X, Huang X. Evolutionary history shapes variation of wood density of tree species across the world. PLANT DIVERSITY 2024; 46:283-293. [PMID: 38798729 PMCID: PMC11119544 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The effect of evolutionary history on wood density variation may play an important role in shaping variation in wood density, but this has largely not been tested. Using a comprehensive global dataset including 27,297 measurements of wood density from 2621 tree species worldwide, we test the hypothesis that the legacy of evolutionary history plays an important role in driving the variation of wood density among tree species. We assessed phylogenetic signal in different taxonomic (e.g., angiosperms and gymnosperms) and ecological (e.g., tropical, temperate, and boreal) groups of tree species, explored the biogeographical and phylogenetic patterns of wood density, and quantified the relative importance of current environmental factors (e.g., climatic and soil variables) and evolutionary history (i.e., phylogenetic relatedness among species and lineages) in driving global wood density variation. We found that wood density displayed a significant phylogenetic signal. Wood density differed among different biomes and climatic zones, with higher mean values of wood density in relatively drier regions (highest in subtropical desert). Our study revealed that at a global scale, for angiosperms and gymnosperms combined, phylogeny and species (representing the variance explained by taxonomy and not direct explained by long-term evolution process) explained 84.3% and 7.7% of total wood density variation, respectively, whereas current environment explained 2.7% of total wood density variation when phylogeny and species were taken into account. When angiosperms and gymnosperms were considered separately, the three proportions of explained variation are, respectively, 84.2%, 7.5% and 6.7% for angiosperms, and 45.7%, 21.3% and 18.6% for gymnosperms. Our study shows that evolutionary history outpaced current environmental factors in shaping global variation in wood density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbing Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Hong Qian
- Research and Collections Center, Illinois State Museum, 1011 East Ash Street, Springfield, IL 62703, USA
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Dzhamal Y. Amishev
- Department of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Zixuan Wang
- School of Forestry & Landscape of Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Changyue Zhang
- School of Forestry & Landscape of Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tonggui Wu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xiaoniu Xu
- School of Forestry & Landscape of Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiao Tao
- School of Forestry & Landscape of Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xingzhao Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- School of Forestry & Landscape of Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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10
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Zhou A, Ge B, Chen S, Kang D, Wu J, Zheng Y, Ma H. Leaf ecological stoichiometry and anatomical structural adaptation mechanisms of Quercus sect. Heterobalanus in southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:325. [PMID: 38658813 PMCID: PMC11040857 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the dramatic uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and the increase in altitude in the Pliocene, the environment became dry and cold, thermophilous plants that originally inhabited ancient subtropical forest essentially disappeared. However, Quercus sect. Heterobalanus (QSH) have gradually become dominant or constructive species distributed on harsh sites in the Hengduan Mountains range in southeastern QTP, Southwest China. Ecological stoichiometry reveals the survival strategies plants adopt to adapt to changing environment by quantifying the proportions and relationships of elements in plants. Simultaneously, as the most sensitive organs of plants to their environment, the structure of leaves reflects of the long-term adaptability of plants to their surrounding environments. Therefore, ecological adaptation mechanisms related to ecological stoichiometry and leaf anatomical structure of QSH were explored. In this study, stoichiometric characteristics were determined by measuring leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents, and morphological adaptations were determined by examining leaf anatomical traits with microscopy. RESULTS Different QSH life forms and species had different nutrient allocation strategies. Leaves of QSH plants had higher C and P and lower N contents and higher N and lower P utilization efficiencies. According to an N: P ratio threshold, the growth of QSH species was limited by N, except that of Q. aquifolioides and Q. longispica, which was limited by both N and P. Although stoichiometric homeostasis of C, N, and P and C: N, C: P, and N: P ratios differed slightly across life forms and species, the overall degree of homeostasis was strong, with strictly homeostatic, homeostatic, and weakly homeostatic regulation. In addition, QSH leaves had compound epidermis, thick cuticle, developed palisade tissue and spongy tissue. However, leaves were relatively thin overall, possibly due to leaf leathering and lignification, which is strategy to resist stress from UV radiation, drought, and frost. Furthermore, contents of C, N, and P and stoichiometric ratios were significantly correlated with leaf anatomical traits. CONCLUSIONS QSH adapt to the plateau environment by adjusting the content and utilization efficiencies of C, N, and P elements. Strong stoichiometric homeostasis of QSH was likely a strategy to mitigate nutrient limitation. The unique leaf structure of the compound epidermis, thick cuticle, well-developed palisade tissue and spongy tissue is another adaptive mechanism for QSH to survive in the plateau environment. The anatomical adaptations and nutrient utilization strategies of QSH may have coevolved during long-term succession over millions of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Bairuixue Ge
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Dingxu Kang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Universities of Yunnan Province, College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China.
| | - Huancheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China.
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11
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Kiani M, Ylivainio K. Methods for testing short- and long-term phosphorus fertilizing efficiency of products with varying solubility. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:170965. [PMID: 38378063 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) recovery from nutrient-rich side streams (NRSS) and derived products is crucial to ensure sustainable food production in the future and to enhance the circular economy, but the agronomic efficiency of these products needs to be validated to reach these targets. In this study, we used a Hedley fractionation scheme and the diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) method to determine P availability in 83 NRSS and derived products originating from Finland, Sweden, and Germany. Furthermore, two independent short- and long-term growth experiments with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), respectively, were conducted to evaluate P availability in 15 selected NRSS. In addition to the DGT soil test, different fertilizer extractants, 2 % formic acid (FA), 2 % citric acid, and neutral ammonium citrate, were tested for predicting P availability in growth experiments. Livestock manures and slurries were found to contain a notable portion of labile P and were comparable to superphosphate (SP). Despite the low shares of labile P in struvite (7.2 %) and AshDec® (1.3 %), they exhibited P availability comparable to SP fertilizer, as indicated by DGT (99 % and 238 % of SP equivalence, respectively). This suggests that factors other than solubility influenced P availability in these side streams. The DGT method as a promising soil test predicted both short- and long-term P availability better than the selected conventional chemical extraction methods did. The 2 % FA extract exhibited the poorest performance, overestimating P availability in some nutrient sources while underestimating others in long-term. These findings enhance our understanding of P availability in potential raw materials for fertilizers, facilitating more effective P management strategies in the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kiani
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Finland; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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12
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Appoo J, Bunbury N, Jaquemet S, Graham NA. Seabird nutrient subsidies enrich mangrove ecosystems and are exported to nearby coastal habitats. iScience 2024; 27:109404. [PMID: 38510135 PMCID: PMC10952037 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Eutrophication by human-derived nutrient enrichment is a major threat to mangroves, impacting productivity, ecological functions, resilience, and ecosystem services. Natural mangrove nutrient enrichment processes, however, remain largely uninvestigated. Mobile consumers such as seabirds are important vectors of cross-ecosystem nutrient subsidies to islands but how they influence mangrove ecosystems is poorly known. We assessed the contribution, uptake, cycling, and transfer of nutrients from seabird colonies in remote mangrove systems free of human stressors. We found that nutrients from seabird guano enrich mangrove plants, reduce nutrient limitations, enhance mangrove invertebrate food webs, and are exported to nearby coastal habitats through tidal flow. We show that seabird nutrient subsidies in mangroves can be substantial, improving the nutrient status and health of mangroves and adjacent coastal habitats. Conserving mobile consumers, such as seabirds, is therefore vital to preserve and enhance their role in mangrove productivity, resilience, and provision of diverse functions and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Appoo
- UMR ENTROPIE, Université de La Réunion, 97744 Saint Denis Cedex 9, La Réunion, France
- Seychelles Islands Foundation, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Nancy Bunbury
- Seychelles Islands Foundation, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Sébastien Jaquemet
- UMR ENTROPIE, Université de La Réunion, 97744 Saint Denis Cedex 9, La Réunion, France
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13
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Śniegowska J, Biesiada A, Gasiński A. Influence of the Nitrogen Fertilization on the Yield, Biometric Characteristics and Chemical Composition of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Grown in Poland. Molecules 2024; 29:1865. [PMID: 38675686 PMCID: PMC11054086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a plant native to South America that has gathered much interest in recent decades thanks to diterpene glycosides, called steviosides, which it produces. These compounds are characterised by their sweetness, which is 250-300 times higher than saccharose, and they contain almost no caloric value. Stevia is currently also grown outside the South American continent, in various countries characterised by warm weather. This research aimed to determine whether it is viable to grow Stevia rebaudiana plants in Poland, a country characterised by a cooler climate than the native regions for stevia plants. Additionally, the impact of adding various dosages and forms of nitrogen fertiliser was analysed. It was determined that Stevia rebaudiana grown in Poland is characterised by a rather low concentration of steviosides, although proper nitrogen fertilisation can improve various characteristics of the grown plants. The addition of 100 kg or 150 kg of nitrogen per hectare of the field in the form of urea or ammonium nitrate increased the yield of the stevia plants. The stevioside content can be increased by applying fertilisation using 100 kg or 150 kg of nitrogen per hectare in the form of ammonium sulfate. The total yield of the stevia plants grown in Poland was lower than the yield typically recorded in warmer countries, and the low concentration of steviosides in the plant suggests that more research about growing Stevia rebaudiana in Poland would be needed to develop profitable methods of stevia cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Śniegowska
- Department of Horticulture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anita Biesiada
- Department of Horticulture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Alan Gasiński
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
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Liu C, Liu J, Wang J, Ding X. Effects of Short-Term Nitrogen Additions on Biomass and Soil Phytochemical Cycling in Alpine Grasslands of Tianshan, China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1103. [PMID: 38674511 PMCID: PMC11054463 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The nitrogen deposition process, as an important phenomenon of global climate change and an important link in the nitrogen cycle, has had serious and far-reaching impacts on grassland ecosystems. This study aimed to investigate the survival adaptation strategies of plants of different functional groups under nitrogen deposition, and the study identified the following outcomes of differences in biomass changes by conducting in situ simulated nitrogen deposition experiments while integrating plant nutrient contents and soil physicochemical properties: (1) nitrogen addition enhanced the aboveground biomass of grassland communities, in which Poaceae were significantly affected by nitrogen addition. Additionally, nitrogen addition significantly influenced plant total nitrogen and total phosphorus; (2) nitrogen addition improved the plant growth environment, alleviated plant nitrogen limitation, and promoted plant phosphorus uptake; and (3) there was variability in the biomass responses of different functional groups to nitrogen addition. The level of nitrogen addition was the primary factor affecting differences in biomass changes, while nitrogen addition frequency was an important factor affecting changes in plant community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (C.L.); (J.W.); (X.D.)
- Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring and Restoration of Desert-Oasis, Ministry of Natural Resources Desert, Urumqi 830002, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education (Xinjiang University), Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (C.L.); (J.W.); (X.D.)
- Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring and Restoration of Desert-Oasis, Ministry of Natural Resources Desert, Urumqi 830002, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education (Xinjiang University), Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (C.L.); (J.W.); (X.D.)
- Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring and Restoration of Desert-Oasis, Ministry of Natural Resources Desert, Urumqi 830002, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education (Xinjiang University), Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; (C.L.); (J.W.); (X.D.)
- Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring and Restoration of Desert-Oasis, Ministry of Natural Resources Desert, Urumqi 830002, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education (Xinjiang University), Urumqi 830017, China
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15
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Wang L, Arif M, Zheng J, Li C. Patterns and drivers of plant carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry in a novel riparian ecosystem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1354222. [PMID: 38654903 PMCID: PMC11036011 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1354222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry serve as valuable indices for plant nutrient utilization and biogeochemical cycling within ecosystems. However, the allocation of these nutrients among different plant organs and the underlying drivers in dynamic riparian ecosystems remain inadequately understood. In this study, we gathered plant samples from diverse life forms (annuals and perennials) and organs (leaves, stems, and roots) in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) in China-a novel ecosystem subject to winter flooding. We used random forest analysis and structural equation modeling to find out how flooding, life forms, plant communities, and soil variables affect organs C, N, and P levels. Results showed that the mean concentrations of plant C, N, and P in the riparian zone of the TGRR were 386.65, 19.31, and 5.27 mg/g for leaves respectively, 404.02, 11.23, and 4.81 mg/g for stems respectively, and 388.22, 9.32, and 3.27 mg/g for roots respectively. The C:N, C:P and N:P ratios were 16.15, 191.7 and 5.56 for leaves respectively; 26.98, 273.72 and 4.6 for stems respectively; and 16.63, 223.06 and 4.77 for roots respectively. Riparian plants exhibited nitrogen limitation, with weak carbon sequestration, low nutrient utilization efficiency, and a high capacity for nutrient uptake. Plant C:N:P stoichiometry was significantly different across life forms and organs, with higher N and P concentrations in leaves than stems and roots, and higher in annuals than perennials. While flooding stress triggered distinct responses in the C, N, and P concentrations among annual and perennial plants, they maintained similar stoichiometric ratios along flooding gradients. Furthermore, our investigation identified soil properties and life forms as more influential factors than plant communities in shaping variations in C:N:P stoichiometry in organs. Flooding indirectly impacts plant C:N:P stoichiometry primarily through alterations in plant community composition and soil factors. This study underscores the potential for hydrologic changes to influence plant community composition and soil nutrient dynamics, and further alter plant ecological strategies and biogeochemical cycling in riparian ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Xia N, Du E, Wu X, Tang Y, Guo H, Wang Y. Distinct latitudinal patterns and drivers of topsoil nitrogen and phosphorus across urban forests in eastern China. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2951. [PMID: 38357775 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the two most important macronutrients supporting forest growth. Unprecedented urbanization has created growing areas of urban forests that provide key ecosystem services for city dwellers. However, the large-scale patterns of soil N and P content remain poorly understood in urban forests. Based on a systematic soil survey in urban forests from nine large cities across eastern China, we examined the spatial patterns and key drivers of topsoil (0-20 cm) total N content, total P content, and N:P ratio. Topsoil total N content was found to change significantly with latitude in the form of an inverted parabolic curve, while total P content showed an opposite latitudinal pattern. Variance partition analysis indicated that regional-scale patterns of topsoil total N and P contents were dominated by climatic drivers and partially regulated by time and pedogenic drivers. Conditional regression analyses showed a significant increase in topsoil total N content with lower mean annual temperature (MAT) and higher mean annual precipitation (MAP), while topsoil total P content decreased significantly with higher MAP. Topsoil total N content also increased significantly with the age of urban park and varied with pre-urban soil type, while no such effects were found for topsoil total P content. Moreover, topsoil N:P ratio showed a latitudinal pattern similar to that of topsoil total N content and also increased significantly with lower MAT and higher MAP. Our findings demonstrate distinct latitudinal trends of topsoil N and P contents and highlight a dominant role of climatic drivers in shaping the large-scale patterns of topsoil nutrients in urban forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Enzai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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17
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Qian S, Zhang Q, Li S, Shi R, He X, Zi S, Liu T. Arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant growth promoting endophytes facilitates accumulation of saponin under moderate drought stress. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2024; 16:214-226. [PMID: 38706830 PMCID: PMC11064634 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, one of the important medicinal plant resources in Yunnan, China, usually takes 6-8 years to be harvested. Therefore, it is urgent to find a method that can not only shorten its growth years, but also improve its quality. In this study, we examined the effects of a combination treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting endophytes (PGPE) and drought stress on the accumulation of saponins in it. Methods P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was infected with a mixture of AMF and PGPE under drought stress. The content of saponins, as well as morphological, physiological, and biochemical indicators, were all measured. The UGTs gene related to saponin synthesis was obtained from transcriptome data by homologous comparison, which were used for RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis. Results Regardless of water, AMF treatment could infect the roots of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, however double inoculation with AMF and PGPE (AMF + PGPE) would reduce the infection rate of AMF. Plant height, aboveground and underground fresh weight did not differ significantly between the single inoculation AMF and the double inoculation treatment under different water conditions, but the inoculation treatment significantly increased the plant height of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis compared to the non-inoculation treatment. Single inoculation with AMF considerably increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis leaves under various water conditions, but double inoculation with AMF + PGPE greatly increased the intercellular CO2 concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm). Under diverse water treatments, single inoculation AMF had the highest proline content, whereas double inoculation AMF + PGPE may greatly improve the amount of abscisic acid (ABA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) compared to normal water under moderate drought. Double inoculation AMF + PGPE treatment improved the proportion of N, P, and K in the rhizome of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis under various water conditions. Under moderate drought stress, AMF + PGPE significantly enhanced the contents of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis saponins I, II, VII, and total saponins as compared to normal water circumstances. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS), Geranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GPPS), Cycloartenol synthase (CAS), and Squalene epoxidase (SE1) were the genes that were significantly up-regulated at the same time. The amount of saponins was favorably linked with the expression of CAS, GPPS, and SE1. Saponin VI content and glycosyl transferase (UGT) 010922 gene expression were found to be substantially associated, as was saponin II content and UGT010935 gene expression. Conclusion Under moderate drought, AMF + PGPE was more conducive to the increase of hormone content, nutrient absorption, and total saponin content in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, and AMF + PGPE could up regulate the expression of key genes and UGTs genes in one or more steroidal saponin synthesis pathways to varying degrees, thereby stimulating the synthesis and accumulation of steroidal saponins in the rhizome of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The combination of AMF and PGPE inoculation, as well as adequate soil drought, reduced the buildup of saponins in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and increased its quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubiao Qian
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization & Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization & Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Sha Li
- Institute of Sericulture and Honeybee, Honghe 661101, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shuhui Zi
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization & Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization & Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Yang L, Shi H, Zhang L, Li Y, Tian Q, Yu Q, Zhang WH. Seeds exhibit the most stable elemental composition with nitrogen addition in an Inner Mongolian grassland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170920. [PMID: 38354797 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Variation in biomass elemental composition of grassland plants may have important implications for ecosystem functioning in response to global change. However, relevant studies have mostly focused on variation of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in plant leaves, while few studies have evaluated other elements and plant organs of grassland species. Here, we examined the effects of N addition on multi-element concentrations, and analyzed their patterns across different organs (leaf, stem, root and seed) of five plant species in a steppe community of the Inner Mongolian grassland. Our results showed that seeds exhibited the most stable elemental composition with N addition, and that manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) concentrations were substantially more variable than macro-elements in response to N addition. In particular, we identified a set of significant negative relationships between elemental concentrations and their corresponding CVs (coefficients of variation) for all plant organs as a whole and for each individual organ. We further found that changes in soil pH and the availability of soil nutrients contributed mostly to variation in the biomass elemental composition of major plants in this community. These findings are important for accurately assessing the effects of N deposition on the biochemical cycling of nutrient elements in grassland ecosystems, and provide critical clues for developing effective approaches to adaptively managing grassland resources as well as mitigating the impact of global change on the dryland ecosystems in the Mongolia Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqiu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Wang S, Du Y, Liu S, Pan J, Wu F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li H, Dong Y, Wang Z, Liu Z, Wang G, Xu Z. Response of C:N:P stoichiometry to long-term drainage of peatlands: Evidence from plant, soil, and enzyme. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170688. [PMID: 38320702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Drought induced by climate warming and human activities regulates carbon (C) cycling of peatlands by changing plant community composition and soil properties. Estimating the responses of peatlands C cycling to environmental changes requires further study of C: nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P) stoichiometric ratios of soil, plants, and enzyme activities. However, systematic studies on the stoichiometry of above-ground and below-ground ecosystems of peatlands post drainage remain scarce. This study compared stoichimetric ratios of plant and soil and stoichimetric ratios of enzyme activities with different functions in two different parts of a minerotrophic peatland, a natural undisturbed part and a part that had been drained for almost 50 years, in Northern China. For the shrub plants, the average C:N:P ratios of leaf in natural and drained peatland were 448:17:1 and 393:15:1, respectively. This indicated that the growth rate of shrub plants is higher in the drained peatland than in the natural peatland, which makes P element more concentrated in the photosynthetic site. However, from the perspective of the dominant plant, the mean C:N:P ratio of Carex leaf was 650:25:1 in the natural peatland, but was 1028:50:1 for Dasiphora fruticosa in drained peatland. This indicated that the intensification of P-limitation of plant growth after drainage. Soil C:N:P ratios of above water table depth (AWT) were 238:15:1 and 277:12:1, but were 383:17:1 and 404:19:1 for below water table depth (BWT) in the natural and the drained peatland, respectively. Soil C:P ratios were greater than the threshold elemental ratio of C:P (174:1), but the soil C:N ratios were less than the threshold elemental ratio of C:N (23:1), which suggested that P was the most limiting nutrient of soil. The soil microbial activities were co-limited by C&P in Baijianghe peatlands. However, the microbial metabolic P limitation was intensified, but the C limitation was weakened for the above water table depth soil after long-term drainage. There are connection between plant-microbe P limitation in peatlands. The P limitation of microbial metabolism was significant positively correlated with soil C:N but negatively with soil moisture. The increase in the lignocelluloses index suggested considerable decomposition of soil organic matter after peatland drainage. These results of stoichiometric ratios from above- to below ground could provide scientific base for the C cycling of peatland undergone climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yaoyao Du
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Junxiao Pan
- Earth Critical Zone and Flux Research Station of Xing'an Mountains (Xing'an CZO), Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yingzhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Hongkai Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanmin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zucheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ziping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chiese Academy of Sciences, Changhchun 130102, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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20
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He D, Liu XY, Zheng LT. Sex-specific scaling of leaf phosphorus vs. nitrogen under unequal reproductive requirements in Eurya japonica, a dioecious plant. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16311. [PMID: 38571288 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE Previous work searching for sexual dimorphism has largely relied on the comparison of trait mean vectors between sexes in dioecious plants. Whether trait scaling (i.e., the ratio of proportional changes in covarying traits) differs between sexes, along with its functional significance, remains unclear. METHODS We measured 10 vegetative traits pertaining to carbon, water, and nutrient economics across 337 individuals (157 males and 180 females) of the diocious species Eurya japonica during the fruiting season in eastern China. Piecewise structural equation modeling was employed to reveal the scaling relationships of multiple interacting traits, and multivariate analysis of (co)variance was conducted to test for intersexual differences. RESULTS There was no sexual dimorphism in terms of trait mean vectors across the 10 vegetative traits in E. japonica. Moreover, most relationships for covarying trait pairs (17 out of 19) exhibited common scaling slopes between sexes. However, the scaling slopes for leaf phosphorus (P) vs. nitrogen (N) differed between sexes, with 5.6- and 3.0-fold increases of P coinciding with a 10-fold increase of N in male and female plants, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The lower ratio of proportional changes in P vs. N for females likely reflects stronger P limitation for their vegetative growth, as they require greater P investments in fruiting. Therefore, P vs. N scaling can be a key avenue allowing for sex-specific strategic optimization under unequal reproductive requirements. This study uncovers a hidden aspect of secondary sex character in dioecious plants, and highlights the use of trait scaling to understand sex-defined economic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong He
- College of Ecology and the Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumchi, PR China
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yu Liu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry Group, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Li-Ting Zheng
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
- Institute for Global Change Biology, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, Michigan, USA
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21
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Chen Y, Wang Q, Zhu J, Yang M, Hao T, Zhang Q, Xi Y, Yu G. Multi-elemental stoichiometric ratios of atmospheric wet deposition in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:117987. [PMID: 38141918 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Intense human activities have significantly altered the concentrations of atmospheric components that enter ecosystems through wet and dry deposition, thereby affecting elemental cycles. However, atmospheric wet deposition multi-elemental stoichiometric ratios are poorly understood, hindering systematic exploration of atmospheric deposition effects on ecosystems. Monthly precipitation concentrations of six elements-nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)-were measured from 2013 to 2021 by the China Wet Deposition Observation Network (ChinaWD). The multi-elemental stoichiometric ratio of atmospheric wet deposition in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems was N: K: Ca: Mg: S: P = 31: 11: 67: 5.5: 28: 1, and there were differences between vegetation zones. Wet deposition N: S and N: Ca ratios exhibited initially increasing then decreasing inter-annual trends, whereas N: P ratios did not exhibit significant trends, with strong interannual variability. Wet deposition of multi-elements was significantly spatially negatively correlated with soil nutrient elements content (except for N), which indicates that wet deposition could facilitate soil nutrient replenishment, especially for nutrient-poor areas. Wet N deposition and N: P ratios were spatially negatively correlated with ecosystem and soil P densities. Meanwhile, wet deposition N: P ratios were all higher than those of ecosystem components (vegetation, soil, litter, and microorganisms) in different vegetation zones. High input of N deposition may reinforce P limitations in part of the ecosystem. The findings of this study establish a foundation for designing multi-elemental control experiments and exploring the ecological effects of atmospheric deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qiufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tianxiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qiongyu Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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22
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Clayton J, Lemanski K, Solbach MD, Temperton VM, Bonkowski M. Two-way NxP fertilisation experiment on barley ( Hordeum vulgare) reveals shift from additive to synergistic N-P interactions at critical phosphorus fertilisation level. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1346729. [PMID: 38504892 PMCID: PMC10948440 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1346729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
In a pot experiment, we investigated synergistic interaction of N and P fertilisation on barley biomass (Hordeum vulgare) on both shoot and root level with the aim to determine whether N-P interaction would be the same for all levels of N and P fertilisation. We further aimed to determine whether there was a critical level of N and/or P fertilisation rate, above which, a decrease in resource allocation to roots (as nutrient availability increased) could be demonstrated. Barley plants were grown from seed on a nutrient poor substrate and subjected to a two-way NxP fertilisation gradient using a modified Hoagland fertilisation solution. We observed N-P interactions in shoot and root biomass, and N and P use-efficiencies. A synergistic response in biomass was observed only above a critical level of P fertilisation when P was not limiting growth. Furthermore, we found that the same incremental increase in N:P ratio of applied fertiliser elicited different responses in shoot and root biomass depending on P treatment and concluded that barley plants were less able to cope with increasing stoichiometric imbalance when P was deficient. We provide, for the first time, stoichiometric evidence that critical levels for synergistic interactions between N-P may exist in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Clayton
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathleen Lemanski
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Dominik Solbach
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vicky M. Temperton
- Institute of Ecology, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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23
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Scheifes DJP, Te Beest M, Olde Venterink H, Jansen A, Kinsbergen DTP, Wassen MJ. The plant root economics space in relation to nutrient limitation in Eurasian herbaceous plant communities. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14402. [PMID: 38511333 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Plant species occupy distinct niches along a nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N:P) gradient, yet there is no general framework for belowground nutrient acquisition traits in relation to N or P limitation. We retrieved several belowground traits from databases, placed them in the "root economics space" framework, and linked these to a dataset of 991 plots in Eurasian herbaceous plant communities, containing plant species composition, aboveground community biomass and tissue N and P concentrations. Our results support that under increasing N:P ratio, belowground nutrient acquisition strategies shift from "fast" to "slow" and from "do-it-yourself" to "outsourcing", with alternative "do-it-yourself" to "outsourcing" strategies at both ends of the spectrum. Species' mycorrhizal capacity patterns conflicted with root economics space predictions based on root diameter, suggesting evolutionary development of alternative strategies under P limitation. Further insight into belowground strategies along nutrient stoichiometry is crucial for understanding the high abundance of threatened plant species under P limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil J P Scheifes
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Te Beest
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | | | - André Jansen
- Jansen-de Hullu Landschapsecologie en Circulair, Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan T P Kinsbergen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Wassen
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Shi Z, Meng Q, Luo Y, Zhang M, Han W. Broadleaf trees switch from phosphorus to nitrogen limitation at lower latitudes than conifers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169924. [PMID: 38199381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are common limiting elements for terrestrial ecosystem productivity. Understanding N-P nutrient limitations patterns is crucial for comprehending variations in productivity within terrestrial ecosystems. However, the global nutrient limitation patterns of woody plants, that dominate forests, especially across different functional types, remain unclear. Here, we compiled a global dataset of leaf N and P concentrations and resorption efficiency (NRE and PRE) to explore latitudinal nutrient limitation patterns in natural woody plants and their environmental drivers. Based on published fertilization experiments, we compiled another global woody plant nutrient database to validate such identified patterns. The results showed that with increasing latitude, the relative P vs N resorption efficiency (PRE minus NRE) and the N and P ratio decreased in woody plant leaves, suggesting that the nutrient status of woody plants shifts from P to N limitation as latitude increases, with a switching point of N-P balance occurring at mid-latitudes (42.9°-43.6°). Different functional types exhibited similar trends, but with different switching latitudes of N vs P limitation. Due to the lower N uptake capacity of broadleaves than conifers, broadleaves reached N-P balance at lower latitudes (39.6°-43.3°) than conifers (57.1°-59.1°) in both hemispheres. Data from fertilization experiments successfully identified 81 % of the N limitation cases and 91 % of the P limitation cases identified using the first database. N and P limitation cases for conifers and broadleaves were also well identified separately. The latitudinal nutrient limitations in global woody plants are primarily shaped by climate and soil. Our study demonstrates the switching latitudes of N vs P limitation which varies between broadleaves and conifers. These findings enhance our understanding of plant nutrient dynamics in global climate change and aid in refining forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingquan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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25
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Xiao H, Li P, Monaco TA, Liu Y, Rong Y. Nitrogen and phosphorus additions alter foliar nutrient concentrations of dominant grass species and regulate primary productivity in an Inner Mongolian meadow steppe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168791. [PMID: 38000742 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nitrogen (N) inputs shift grassland productivity from nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) limitation. However, how plant nutrient concentrations and stoichiometric dynamics at community and species level responding to variable soil N and P availability, and their roles in regulating net primary productivity in meadow steppe remain unclear. To address this issue, we carried out an experiment with fifteen treatments consisting of factorial combinations of N (0, 1.55, 4.65,13.95, 27.9 g N m-2 yr-1) and P (0, 5.24,10.48 g P m-2 yr-1) for three years in a meadow steppe in Inner Mongolia. We examined concentrations and stoichiometry of C (carbon), N, P in plants and soils, and their associations with plant primary productivity. Results revealed mean community N:P ratios for shoots (12.89 ± 0.98) did not exceed 14 within the control treatment, indicating that plant growth was primarily N-limited in this ecosystem. Shoot N:P ratios were significantly increased by N addition (>16 when N application rate above 4.65 g N m-2 yr-1), shifting the community from N- to P-limited whereas significantly reduced by P addition (N:P ratios <14), further aggravating N limitation. N addition increased leaf-N concentrations whereas decreased leaf C:N ratios of all four species, but only the values for two graminoid species were significantly influenced by P addition. Leaf-P concentrations significantly increased for graminoids but significantly decreased for forbs with the application of N. VPA analysis revealed that aboveground components, especially in grass leaves, explained more variation in aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) than root and soil components. For grasses, leaf-N concentrations showed high association with ANPP, while leaf-P concentrations were associated with BNPP. These results highlight that N and P depositions could affect the leaf-nutrient concentrations of dominant grasses, and thereby potentially alter net primary productivity in meadow steppe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Grassland Ecosystem Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Pengzhen Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Thomas A Monaco
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Forage and Range Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-6300, USA
| | - Yuling Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuping Rong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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26
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Zeng Q, Zhang Q, Fan Y, Gao Y, Yuan X, Zhou J, Dai H, Chen Y. Phosphorus availability regulates nitrogen fixation rate through a key diazotrophic assembly: Evidence from a subtropical Moso bamboo forest subjected to nitrogen application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169740. [PMID: 38160820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Biological N fixation (BNF) is an important N input process for terrestrial ecosystems. Long-term N application increases the availability of N, but may also lead to phosphorus (P) deficiency or an imbalance between N and P. Here, we performed a 5-year N application experiment in a subtropical Phyllostachys heterocycla forest in site and a P application experiment in vitro to investigate the effect of N application on the BNF rate and its regulatory factor. The BNF rate, nifH gene, free-living diazotrophic community composition and plant properties were measured. We found that N application suppressed the BNF rate and nifH gene abundance, whereas the BNF rate in soils with added P was significantly higher overall than that in soils without added P. Moreover, we identified a key diazotrophic assembly (Mod#2), primarily comprising Bradyrhizobium, Geobacter, Desulfovibrio, Anaeromyxobacter, and Pseudodesulfovibrio, which explained 77 % of the BNF rate variation. There was a significant positive correlation between the Mod#2 abundance and soil available P, and the random forest results showed that soil available P is the most important factor affecting the Mod#2 abundance. Our findings highlight the importance of soil P availability in regulating the activities of key diazotrophs, and thus increasing P supply may help to promote N accumulation and primary productivity through facilitating the BNF process in forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Zeng
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Qiufang Zhang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Yuexin Fan
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yanli Gao
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xiaochun Yuan
- College of Tourism, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Jiacong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hui Dai
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yuehmin Chen
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
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Bijarnia A, Tetarwal JP, Gupta AK, Bijarnia AL, Yadav RK, Ram B, Kumawat R, Choudhary M, Kumar R, Singh D. Alleviating summer heat stress in cowpea-baby corn intercropping with stress-reducing chemicals and fertility variations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3020. [PMID: 38321045 PMCID: PMC10847103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, the average surface temperature and recurrent heatwaves have been steadily rising, especially during the summer season, which is affecting the yield potential of most food crops. Hence, diversification in cropping systems with suitable fertilizer management is an urgent need to ensure high yield potential during the summer season. Since intercropping has emerged as an important strategy to increase food production, the present study comprises five intercropping systems in the main plot (sole cowpea, sole baby corn, cowpea + baby corn in 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 row ratio), three levels of fertilizer viz. 100 (N20 P40), 125 (N25 P50), and 150% (N30 P60) recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) in the subplot, along with two stress-mitigating chemicals (0.5% CaCl2 and 1% KNO3) in the sub-sub plots. A split-split plot system with four replications was established to carry out the field experiment. The effect of intercropping, fertilizer levels, and stress-mitigating chemicals on crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), plant temperature, relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll content of cowpea and baby corn, as well as cowpea equivalent yield (CEY), was investigated during the summer seasons of 2019 and 2020. The experiment was conducted at Agriculture University, Kota (Rajasthan), India. Results showed that CGR, RGR, RWC and chlorophyll content of both crops and CEY were maximum under intercropping of cowpea and baby corn in a 2:1 row ratio compared to other intercropping systems. However, the plant temperature of both crops was significantly lower under this system. CEY, CGR, RGR, and chlorophyll content were considerably greater in the subplots with a fertilizer application of 150% RDF compared to lower levels of fertilizer (100 and 125% RDF). Our findings further show that foliar application of CaCl2 0.5% at the flowering and pod-developing stages of cowpea dramatically boosted CEY, CGR, RGR, RWC, and chlorophyll content of both crops and lowered the plant temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Bijarnia
- Department of Agronomy, Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan, India.
| | - J P Tetarwal
- Department of Agronomy, Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anil Kumar Gupta
- Department of Plant-Physiology, Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arjun Lal Bijarnia
- Department of Agrostology, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Baldev Ram
- Department of Agronomy, Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Roshan Kumawat
- Department of Agronomy, Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Monika Choudhary
- Department of Agronomy, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Plant-Physiology, Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Singh
- Division of Sample Surveys, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Hrdlička P, Kula E. Element contents and their seasonal dynamics in leaves of alder Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:224. [PMID: 38300340 PMCID: PMC10834585 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Alnus glutinosa is an actinorhizal plant that fixes N via actinomycetes. Compared to other trees, A. glutinosa is more resistant to environmental stress and able to uptake soil nutrients more easily. Alnus glutinosa grows well not only in natural stands but also in degraded environment or soil in need of restoration. Changes in the contents of selected macro-, micro-, and non-nutrient elements in the leaves of A. glutinosa during the vegetation season were monitored in the Ore Mountains (Czech Republic), an area affected by extreme air pollution in the past. Decreased foliar content of N, P, K, and Cu, and increased content of Ca, Mn, Zn, and Al were observed; the content of other elements (S, Mg, Pb, and Cd) varied during the growing season or remained constant. From the viewpoint of nutrition, the content of N, S, Ca, and Mg macroelements was adequate; concentrations of P and K were low. Excessive amounts of Mn and Zn were measured, and the level of Cu was good. Non-nutrient elements Pb and Cd were present at the background level, and the level of Al was high. N/P, N/Ca, N/Mg, and Ca/Mg ratios were balanced, S/N value showed the lack of S, and N/K ratio indicated low content of K, which caused also suboptimal K/Ca and K/Mg values. The P/Al ratio varied from balanced to lower values. The content of individual elements and monitored changes were influenced by the amount of elements in the soil, moisture conditions, foliage phenology, and altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Hrdlička
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1665/1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Emanuel Kula
- Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 810/3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Li T, Yang H, Zhang N, Dong L, Wu A, Wu Q, Zhao M, Liu H, Li Y, Wang Y. Synergistic effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar are highly beneficial to Ligustrum lucidum seedlings in Cd-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:11214-11227. [PMID: 38217817 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a widespread environmental issue. There is a lack of knowledge about the impacts of applying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and biochar, either alone or in their combination, on alleviating Cd phytotoxicity in Ligustrum lucidum. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where L. lucidum seedlings were randomly subjected to four regimes of AMF treatments (inoculation with sterilized AMF, with Rhizophagus irregularis, Diversispora versiformis, alone or a mixture of these two fungi), and two regimes of biochar treatments (with or without rice-husk biochar), as well as three regimes of Cd treatments (0, 15, and 150 mg kg-1), to examine the responses of growth, photosynthetic capabilities, soil enzymatic activities, nutritional concentrations, and Cd absorption of L. lucidum plants to the interactive effects of AMF, biochar, and Cd. The results demonstrated that under Cd contaminations, AMF alone significantly increased plant total dry weight, soil pH, and plant nitrogen (N) concentration by 84%, 3.2%, and 13.2%, respectively, and inhibited soil Cd transferring to plant shoot by 42.2%; biochar alone significantly enhanced net photosynthetic rate, soil pH, and soil catalase of non-mycorrhizal plants by 16.4%, 9%, and 11.9%, respectively, and reduced the soil Cd transferring to plant shoot by 44.7%; the additive effect between AMF and biochar greatly enhanced plant total dry weight by 101.9%, and reduced the soil Cd transferring to plant shoot by 51.6%. Furthermore, dual inoculation with D. versiformis and R. irregularis conferred more benefits on plants than the single fungal species did. Accordingly, amending Cd-contaminated soil with the combination of mixed-fungi inoculation and biochar application performed the best than either AMF or biochar alone. These responses may have been attributed to higher mycorrhizal colonization, soil pH, biomass accumulation, and biomass allocation to the roots, as well as photosynthetic capabilities. In conclusion, the combined use of mixed-fungi involving D. versiformis and R. irregularis and biochar addition had significant synergistic effects on enhancing plant performance and reducing Cd uptake of L. lucidum plants in Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Naili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources and the Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lijia Dong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Aiping Wu
- Ecology Department, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qiqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Mingshui Zhao
- Zhejiang Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration, Hangzhou, 311311, China
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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30
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Abraham JO, Rowan J, O'Brien K, Sokolowski KG, Faith JT. Environmental context shapes the relationship between grass consumption and body size in African herbivore communities. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11050. [PMID: 38362169 PMCID: PMC10867881 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Though herbivore grass dependence has been shown to increase with body size across herbivore species, it is unclear whether this relationship holds at the community level. Here we evaluate whether grass consumption scales positively with body size within African large mammalian herbivore communities and how this relationship varies with environmental context. We used stable carbon isotope and community occurrence data to investigate how grass dependence scales with body size within 23 savanna herbivore communities throughout eastern and central Africa. We found that dietary grass fraction increased with body size for the majority of herbivore communities considered, especially when complete community data were available. However, the slope of this relationship varied, and rainfall seasonality and elephant presence were key drivers of the variation-grass dependence increased less strongly with body size where rainfall was more seasonal and where elephants were present. We found also that the dependence of the herbivore community as a whole on grass peaked at intermediate woody cover. Intraspecific diet variation contributed to these community-level patterns: common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) and giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) ate less grass where rainfall was more seasonal, whereas Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) grass consumption were parabolically related to woody cover. Our results indicate that general rules appear to govern herbivore community assembly, though some aspects of herbivore foraging behavior depend upon local environmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel O. Abraham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - John Rowan
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity at AlbanyAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Kaedan O'Brien
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Natural History Museum of UtahUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Kathryn G. Sokolowski
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Natural History Museum of UtahUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - J. Tyler Faith
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Natural History Museum of UtahUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Origins CentreUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
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Li Y, Wang J, Wang L. Seasonal variations in C/N/P/K stoichiometric characteristics in different plant organs in the various forest types of Sygera Mountain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1293934. [PMID: 38362445 PMCID: PMC10867192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1293934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
We explored the resource acquisition and growth strategies of plants adapting to different environments, focusing on the typical forest types of Sygera Mountain: Pinus armandii, Picea likiangensis var. Linzhiensis, Abies georgei var. Smithii, and Juniperus saltuaria. Then, we analyzed the nutrient content and stoichiometric ratios of C, N, P, and K in different plant organs (leaves, branches, trunks, and roots) to examine the stoichiometric characteristics and nutrient balance mechanisms in these forests. Results show that within the same forest type, different plant organs exhibit high C and low N, P, and K levels. N content in all organs followed the order leaves > branches > roots > trunks. During the growth phase, the concentrations of P and K in PLL and AGS follow the order branches > leaves > roots > trunks. In the dormant phase, the distribution in different organs had the order leaves > branches > roots > trunks. C content remained relatively stable over time. In the same organ across different forest types, increase in nitrogen content in plant leaves is an active adaptation of JS plants, indicating that JS has a conservative growth strategy and can adapt to environmental stress. Owing to the influence of seasons, the evolution process of N and P content fluctuates, allocating nutrients to supporting and transporting organs for resource optimization and allocation. The N and P content were lower in the growth phase than in the dormant phase. Seasonal variations in the C/N, C/P, and C/K ratios in different forests were inversely correlated with changes in N, P, and K content in plant organs, supporting the "growth rate hypothesis." Stoichiometric analysis suggests that different limiting elements exist in organs across various forest types. Principal component analysis indicates that the seasonal patterns of stoichiometric ratios in the organs of different forest types show species-specific characteristics, reflecting the evolutionary nutrient utilization strategies of plant genera. In summary, plant growth in different Sygera Mountain forest types is limited by N and P, with a high tendency toward nitrogen limitation. The nutrient utilization and distribution differences among various organs during different growth stages are primarily influenced by the limited availability of environmental nutrients and inherent physiological characteristics of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Li
- Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agricultural & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Luqi Wang
- Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui, China
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Weber SE, Bascompte J, Kahmen A, Niklaus PA. Plant choice between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species results in increased plant P acquisition. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292811. [PMID: 38295035 PMCID: PMC10830030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant root symbionts that provide phosphorus (P) to plants in exchange for photosynthetically fixed carbon (C). Previous research has shown that plants-given a choice among AMF species-may preferentially allocate C to AMF species that provide more P. However, these investigations rested on a limited set of plant and AMF species, and it therefore remains unclear how general this phenomenon is. Here, we combined 4 plant and 6 AMF species in 24 distinct plant-AMF species compositions in split-root microcosms, manipulating the species identity of AMF in either side of the root system. Using 14C and 32P/33P radioisotope tracers, we tracked the transfer of C and P between plants and AMF, respectively. We found that when plants had a choice of AMF species, AMF species which transferred more P acquired more C. Evidence for preferential C allocation to more beneficial AMF species within individual plant roots was equivocal. However, AMF species which transferred more P to plants did so at lower C-to-P ratios, highlighting the importance both of absolute and relative costs of P acquisition from AMF. When plants had a choice of AMF species, their shoots contained a larger total amount of P at higher concentrations. Our results thus highlight the benefits of plant C choice among AMF for plant P acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Eliot Weber
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Bascompte
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Departement Umweltwissenschaften, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal A. Niklaus
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Ren Z, Han X, Feng H, Wang L, Ma G, Li J, Lv J, Tian W, He X, Zhao Y, Wang C. Long-term conservation tillage improves soil stoichiometry balance and crop productivity based on a 17-year experiment in a semi-arid area of northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168283. [PMID: 37924889 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Although conservation tillage has been widely implemented to address the challenge to improve crop yield and soil quality with fewer environmental costs, its long-term effects on crop yields and soil stoichiometry balance remain uncertain. Here, four different long-term (17-year) tillage practices (conventional tillage (CT), deep scarification (DS), no tillage (NT), and ridge tillage (RT)) were conducted in northern China to evaluate their effects on crop yield, soil nutrients, C sequestration, and soil stoichiometry. The conservation tillage (DS, NT, and RT) increased the recent 5-year average yields by 12.2 %-20.1 % compared with CT, respectively. RT showed the highest C sequestration potential of 10.0 t/ha, followed by DS and NT (6.0 t/ha and 4.4 t/ha, respectively). The DS, NT, and RT enhanced soil available N and K with the best effect for NT, but DS reduced soil total and available P. The conservation tillage significantly increased the C:N, C:P, C:K, and N:P ratios, indicating it sustained soil balanced stoichiometry. Correlation analysis indicated crop yield was closely related to soil C:N, C:P, C:K, and N:P. The structural equation model revealed that the C, N, and P affected C:N and C:P ratios, thus improving crop yield under long-term conservation tillage. In summary, long-term conservation tillage improves soil stoichiometry balance and thus crop yields with great C sequestration potential to achieve sustainable agricultural management in rain-fed farmland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaojie Han
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haoxiang Feng
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Geng Ma
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Junhong Li
- Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Junjie Lv
- Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Wenzhong Tian
- Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xinhua He
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yanan Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Chenyang Wang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Wen D, Yang L, Ni K, Xu X, Yu L, Elrys AS, Meng L, Zhou J, Zhu T, Müller C. Topography-driven differences in soil N transformation constrain N availability in karst ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168363. [PMID: 37939962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Fragile karst ecosystems are characterized by complex topographic landscapes associated with high variations in vegetation restoration. Identifying the characteristics and driving factors of nitrogen (N) availability across the topographic gradient is essential to guide vegetation restoration in karst regions. In this study, we collected soil samples and plant leaves along the topographic gradient (ridge, upper slope, middle slope, and foot slope) of convex slopes in the karst fault basin of southwest China, and determined the indicators reflecting soil N availability, N transformation rates, and their controlling factors. Our results showed that foliar N content and δ15N value, soil inorganic N content and δ15N value, and foliar N:P ratio were substantially lower on the steep hillslopes than on the flat top ridge. Steep slope soils also had a lower enzyme C:N ratio but a higher enzyme N:P ratio than the flat ridge soils. Furthermore, the vector angles calculated by soil extracellular enzyme analysis were below 45o in all studied soils and decreased significantly with increasing slope, indicating that microbial growth was generally limited by N. These results jointly suggest the declines in soil N availability across the topographic gradient, which are further explained by the changes in soil inherent N transformation processes. As the slope became steeper, soil mineralization and autotrophic nitrification (ONH4) rates decreased significantly, while ratio of microbial NH4+ immobilization to ONH4 and NH4+ adsorption rate increased significantly, indicating the decrease in soil inorganic N supply capacity. We further found that deteriorated soil structure, decreased soil organic matter and calcium content, altered microbial abundance, and increased ratios of fungi to bacteria and gram-positive bacteria to gram-negative bacteria were the primary drivers of reduced N transformation rates and N availability across the topographic gradient. Overall, this study highlights the critical role of the topography in controlling soil N availability by regulating N transformation processes in karst regions. The topography should be considered an important factor affecting the functions and services of karst ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Wen
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MLR & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MLR & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Kang Ni
- Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xingliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Longfei Yu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ahmed S Elrys
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Lei Meng
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Jinxing Zhou
- Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tongbin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MLR & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China; Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany.
| | - Christoph Müller
- Liebig Centre for Agroecology and Climate Impact Research, Justus Liebig University, Germany; Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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35
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Gong H, Niu Y, Niklas KJ, Huang H, Deng J, Wang Z. Nitrogen and phosphorus allocation in bark across diverse tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168327. [PMID: 37926252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) allocation patterns among various plant organs and tissues is crucial for gaining insights into plant growth and life-history strategies, as well as ecosystem nutrient cycles. However, there is limited information available regarding allocation strategies for N and P in bark (i.e., all tissues external to the vascular cambium), which is an indispensable and specialized secondary tissue system. This study presents analyses of a newly compiled and comprehensive data set comprising 1246 pairwise N-P observations across 335 tree species spanning 557 independent sampling sites worldwide. The aim is to explore the interspecific N and P stoichiometry of bark. The global geometric means for bark N and P concentrations, as well as N:P ratios, were 3.88 mg/g, 0.2 mg/g, and 19.38, respectively. However, these values varied significantly among different functional plant-groups and biomes. Across all 335 species, the N vs. P scaling exponent was 0.69 for bark, which is similar to the 2/3-power scaling relationship observed in leaves and twigs. However, the bark N vs. P scaling exponent differed among functional plant-groups, biomes, and local sites, indicating the absence of a "canonical" scaling exponent. The interactions of soil total N and P collectively accounted for the most significant variation in the bark scaling exponent among local sites. The results indicate that there is no "canonical" bark N vs. P scaling exponent, and that soil nutrient content is the most important factor influencing N and P allocation strategies in bark. These findings may hold significant implications for predicting plant nutrient allocation strategies in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Gong
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Niu
- Lanzhou Agro-Technical Research and Popularization Center, Lanzhou 730010, China
| | - Karl J Niklas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Heng Huang
- Division for Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLHIGA), College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Cobacho SP, Janssen SAR, Brekelmans MACP, van de Leemput IA, Holmgren M, Christianen MJA. High temperature and eutrophication alter biomass allocation of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans L.) seedlings. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106291. [PMID: 38086136 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Mangrove restoration is underway along tropical coastlines to combat their rapid worldwide decline. However, restoration success is limited due to local drivers such as eutrophication, and global drivers such as climate change, yet their interactions remain unclear. We conducted a mesocosm experiment to assess the impact of increased nutrients and temperature on the photosynthetic efficiency and development of black mangrove seedlings. Seedlings exposed to high temperature and eutrophication showed reduced root growth and disproportionally long stems, with lower net assimilation rates. This architectonical imbalance between root and stem growth may increase susceptibility to physical disturbances and dislodgement. Notably, none of the experimental seedlings displayed signs of photophysiological stress, and those exposed to increased nutrients and temperature exhibited robust photosynthetic performance. The disbalance in biomass allocation highlights the importance of considering local nutrient status and hydrodynamic conditions in restoration projects, ensuring the effective anchorage of mangrove seedlings and restoration success under a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara P Cobacho
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Sjoerd A R Janssen
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mabel A C P Brekelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid A van de Leemput
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Holmgren
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn J A Christianen
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Zhang J, Liang M, Tong S, Qiao X, Li B, Yang Q, Chen T, Hu P, Yu S. Response of leaf functional traits to soil nutrients in the wet and dry seasons in a subtropical forest on an island. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1236607. [PMID: 38143586 PMCID: PMC10748499 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1236607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Island ecosystems often have a disproportionate number of endemic species and unique and fragile functional characteristics. However, few examples of this type of ecosystem have been reported. Methods We conducted a comprehensive field study on Neilingding Island, southern China. The leaf samples of 79 subtropical forest tree species were obtained and their functional traits were studied in the dry and wet seasons to explain the relationships between plant functional traits and soil nutrients. Results We found a greater availability of soil moisture content (SMC) and nutrients in the wet season than in the dry season. The values of wet season soil available phosphorus (5.97 mg·kg-1), SMC (17.67%), and soil available potassium (SAK, 266.96 mg·kg-1) were significantly higher than those of the dry season. The leaf dry matter content, specific leaf weight, leaf density, leaf total carbon, leaf total nitrogen, leaf total calcium, and the N/P and C/P ratios of leaves were all significantly higher in the dry season than in the wet season, being 18.06%, 12.90%, 12.00%, 0.17%, 3.41%, 9.02%, 26.80%, and 24.14% higher, respectively. In contrast, the leaf area (51.01 cm2), specific leaf area (152.76 cm2·g-1), leaf water content (0.59%), leaf total nitrogen (1.31%), leaf total phosphorus (0.14%), and leaf total magnesium (0.33%) were much lower in the dry season than in the wet one. There were significant pairwise correlations between leaf functional traits, but the number and strength of correlations were significantly different in the dry and wet seasons. The SAK, soil total phosphorus (STP), and pH impacted plant leaf functional traits in the dry season, whereas in the wet season, they were affected by SAK, STP, pH, and NO3- (nitrate). Discussion Both soil nutrients and water availability varied seasonally and could cause variation in a number of leaf traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- School of Ecology/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minxia Liang
- School of Ecology/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sen Tong
- School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueting Qiao
- School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Buhang Li
- School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Guangdong Neilingding-Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Neilingding-Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Guangdong Neilingding-Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shixiao Yu
- School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Sun Y, Zhang F, Wei J, Song K, Sun L, Yang Y, Qin Q, Yang S, Li Z, Xu G, Sun S, Xue Y. Phosphate Transporter OsPT4, Ubiquitinated by E3 Ligase OsAIRP2, Plays a Crucial Role in Phosphorus and Nitrogen Translocation and Consumption in Germinating Seed. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 38052756 PMCID: PMC10697913 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) are essential macronutrients necessary for plant growth and development. OsPT4 is a high-affinity phosphate (Pi) transporter that has a positive impact on nutrient uptake and seed development. In this study, the expression patterns of different Pi transporter genes in germinating seeds were determined, and the relative expression of OsPT4 was induced in Pi-deficient seeds and gradually increased with the passage of germination time. The analysis of P, N, Pi, and amino acid concentrations in germinating seeds of OsPT4 mutants showed that the OsPT4 mutation caused P and N retention and a continuous reduction in multiple amino acid concentrations in germinating seeds. Transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR results also indicated that the OsPT4 mutation inhibits the expression of genes related to P and N transportation and amino acid synthesis in germinating seeds. In addition, the paraffin section and TUNEL assay of OsPT4 mutant germinating seeds suggests that OsPT4 mutation causes programmed cell death (PCD) delayed in the aleurone layer and inhibition of leaf outgrowth. Moreover, we also found that OsPT4 was ubiquitinated by OsAIRP2, which is a C3HC4-type RING E3 Ub ligase. Our studies illustrate that OsPT4 plays a crucial role in P and N collaborative translocation and consumption in germinating seeds. It also provides a theoretical basis for the molecules and physiological mechanisms of P and N cross-talk under suppressed Pi uptake conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Sun
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Ke Song
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Shiyan Yang
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Zhouwen Li
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shubin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yong Xue
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China.
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Yan T, Wang L, Wang P, Zhong T. Stability in the leaf functional traits of understory herbaceous species after 12-yr of nitrogen addition in temperate larch plantations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1282884. [PMID: 38116147 PMCID: PMC10728480 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1282884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Leaf functional traits play critical roles in plant functioning. Although the functional traits of overstory trees have been extensively studied, minimal research has been conducted regarding understory species, despite the understory layer is an important component of temperate forests. Such insufficiency limit the broader understanding of processes and functions in forest ecosystems, particularly when under the increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Here, we investigated the responses of 18 leaf functional traits in six understory herbaceous species within young and mature stands (three species per stand) in larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii) plantations that subjected to 12 years of anthropogenic N addition. We found that N addition did not significantly impact the photosynthetic traits of understory herbaceous species in either stand; it only led to increased chlorophyll content in Geum aleppicum Jacq. Similarly, with the exception of decreases in the predawn leaf water potential of Sanguisorba officinalis L., N addition did not significantly affect leaf hydraulic traits. With the exception of changes to adaxial epidermis thickness in Potentilla chinensis Ser. (decreased) and G. aleppicum (increased), N addition had negligible effects on leaf anatomical traits and specific leaf area, however, interspecific variations in the plasticity of leaf anatomical traits were observed. Stable responses to N addition were also observed for nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and their components (soluble sugars and starch), with the exception of Polygonum divaricatum L., which exhibited increases in NSC. Overall, our results suggest that the functional traits of understory herbaceous species exhibit stability under conditions of long-term N enrichment in temperate plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, China
| | - Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Tang B, Man J, Lehmann A, Rillig MC. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi benefit plants in response to major global change factors. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:2087-2097. [PMID: 37794719 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Land plants play a key role in global carbon cycling, but the potential role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the responses of a wide range of plant species to global change factors (GCFs) remains limited. Based on 1100 paired observations from 181 plant species, we conducted a meta-analysis to test the role of AMF in plant responses to four GCFs: drought, warming, nitrogen (N) addition and elevated CO2 . We show that AMF significantly ameliorate the negative effects of drought on plant performance. The GCFs N addition and elevated CO2 significantly enhance the performance of AM plants but not of non-inoculated plants. AM plants show better performance than their non-inoculated counterparts under warming, although neither of them showed a significant response to this GCF. These results suggest that AMF benefit plants in response to GCFs. Our study highlights the importance of AMF in enhancing plant performance under ongoing global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jing Man
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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Bender SF, Schulz S, Martínez-Cuesta R, Laughlin RJ, Kublik S, Pfeiffer-Zakharova K, Vestergaard G, Hartman K, Parladé E, Römbke J, Watson CJ, Schloter M, van der Heijden MGA. Simplification of soil biota communities impairs nutrient recycling and enhances above- and belowground nitrogen losses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:2020-2034. [PMID: 37700504 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is a major source of nutrient pollution, posing a threat to the earth system functioning. Factors determining the nutrient use efficiency of plant-soil systems need to be identified to develop strategies to reduce nutrient losses while ensuring crop productivity. The potential of soil biota to tighten nutrient cycles by improving plant nutrition and reducing soil nutrient losses is still poorly understood. We manipulated soil biota communities in outdoor lysimeters, planted maize, continuously collected leachates, and measured N2 O- and N2 -gas emissions after a fertilization pulse to test whether differences in soil biota communities affected nutrient recycling and N losses. Lysimeters with strongly simplified soil biota communities showed reduced crop N (-20%) and P (-58%) uptake, strongly increased N leaching losses (+65%), and gaseous emissions (+97%) of N2 O and N2 . Soil metagenomic analyses revealed differences in the abundance of genes responsible for nutrient uptake, nitrate reduction, and denitrification that helped explain the observed nutrient losses. Soil biota are major drivers of nutrient cycling and reductions in the diversity or abundance of certain groups (e.g. through land-use intensification) can disrupt nutrient cycling, reduce agricultural productivity and nutrient use efficiency, and exacerbate environmental pollution and global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Franz Bender
- Plant Soil Interactions, Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Schulz
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis (COMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rubén Martínez-Cuesta
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis (COMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Chair for Environmental Microbiology, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Ronald J Laughlin
- Agri-Environment Branch, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK
| | - Susanne Kublik
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis (COMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Pfeiffer-Zakharova
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis (COMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gisle Vestergaard
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis (COMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kyle Hartman
- Plant Soil Interactions, Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eloi Parladé
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jörg Römbke
- ECT Ökotoxikologie GmbH, Böttgerstr. 2-14, D-65439, Flörsheim, Germany
| | - Catherine J Watson
- Agri-Environment Branch, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis (COMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Chair for Environmental Microbiology, Emil-Ramann-Straße 2, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Marcel G A van der Heijden
- Plant Soil Interactions, Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
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Ba Y, Li X, Ma Y, Chai Y, Li C, Ma X, Yang Y. A Study on the C, N, and P Contents and Stoichiometric Characteristics of Forage Leaves Based on Fertilizer-Reconstructed Soil in an Alpine Mining Area. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3838. [PMID: 38005735 PMCID: PMC10674538 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the C, N, and P contents and stoichiometric characteristics of forage leaves of five species (Elymus breviaristatus cv. Tongde, Poa crymophila cv. Qinghai, Puccinellia tenuiflora cv. Qinghai, Festuca sinensis cv. Qinghai, and Poa pratensis cv. Qinghai) in "fertilizer-reconstructed soil" through integrative soil amendment with parched sheep manure and granular organic fertilizer in an alpine mining area. A model is fitted in order to screen out the best forage species suitable for vegetation restoration in the alpine mining area and the most favorable fertilizer dosage to improve the nutrient content of forage leaves. The results showed that (1) increasing the dosages of granular organic fertilizer and sheep manure had little effect on the C content of the five types of forage grasses, but they could significantly increase the N and P contents and N/P of the manually restored grassland in the alpine mining area (p < 0.05). (2) The productivity and stability of the five species were ranked as follows: Elymus breviaristatus cv. Tongde > Puccinellia tenuiflora cv. Qinghai > Festuca sinensis cv. Qinghai > Poa pratensis cv. Qinghai > Poa crymophila cv. Qinghai. (3) According to the fitted least squares model and the willingness to maximize the C, N, and P contents of the leaves, the ranking of the five forage grasses was described by the Prediction Profiler as follows: Elymus breviaristatus cv. Tongde > Puccinellia tenuiflora cv. Qinghai > Festuca sinensis cv. Qinghai > Poa crymophila cv. Qinghai > Poa pratensis cv. Qinghai. (4) The predictive model suggested that the optimal contents of C, N, and P in Elymus breviaristatus cv. Tongde, Festuca sinensis cv. Qinghai, and Poa pratensis cv. Qinghai leaves could be achieved with the application of 3.6 kg/m2 of granular organic fertilizer and 45.0 kg/m2 of sheep manure. For Poa crymophila cv. Qinghai leaves, the ideal content was attained by applying 0 kg/m2 of granular organic fertilizer and 45.0 kg/m2 of sheep manure. Lastly, the optimal C, N, and P contents in Puccinellia tenuiflora cv. Qinghai leaves could be obtained through the application of 3.6 kg/m2 of granular organic fertilizer combined with 0 kg/m2 of sheep manure. In conclusion, the study's results highlight the significant practical value of the fertilizer-reconstructed soil for vegetation restoration in alpine mining regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Ba
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.C.); (C.L.); (X.M.); (Y.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xilai Li
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.C.); (C.L.); (X.M.); (Y.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yunqiao Ma
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.C.); (C.L.); (X.M.); (Y.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yu Chai
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.C.); (C.L.); (X.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Chengyi Li
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.C.); (C.L.); (X.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xinyue Ma
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.C.); (C.L.); (X.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yongxiang Yang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.B.); (Y.M.); (Y.C.); (C.L.); (X.M.); (Y.Y.)
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Song Z, Liu H, Hou J, Liu Y, Li Y, Shi L, Cao J. Shifting of nutrient limitation dominates the recovery of aboveground net primary productivity of mixed forests in northeastern China after selective logging. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165378. [PMID: 37422232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The primary productivity of temperate forests is commonly limited by nitrogen (N) supply, which may be aggravated by the removal of trees. After selective logging, whether and the mechanism by which the N limitation can be alleviated by the rapidly increasing nutrient turnover during the recovery processes, which is important for improving carbon sequestration in temperate forests, remain unclear. We investigated the effect of nutrient limitation (leaf N:Pcom: the leaf N:P ratio at the community level) on plant community productivity by selecting 28 forest plots including seven forest recovery periods (at the sites logged 6, 14, 25, 36, 45, 55, and 100 years ago) following low-intensity selective logging (13-14 m3/ha) and one unlogged treatment by measuring the soil N concentration, soil phosphorus (P) concentration, leaf N concentration, leaf P concentration, and the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of 234 plant species. The plant growth in temperate forests was limited by N, but the P limitation was observed at the sites logged 36 years ago, which showed a transition pattern of plant growth from N limitation to P limitation during the forest recovery process. Meanwhile, a robust linear trend in the community ANPP was observed with the increase in the community leaf N:P ratio, which suggests the enhancement in community ANPP with the release of N limitation after selective logging. Nutrient limitation (leaf N:Pcom) had a significant direct effect (56.0 %) on the community ANPP and showed a higher independent contribution (25.6 %) to the variation in the community ANPP than the soil nutrient supply and even the changes in species richness. Our results suggested that selective logging alleviated the N limitation, but a shift toward P limitation should also be highly regarded in learning the changes in carbon sequestration during the recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopeng Song
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jihua Hou
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Han J, Zhang Y, Xi H, Zeng J, Peng Z, Ali G, Liu Y. Maize, wheat, and soybean root traits depend upon soil phosphorus fertility and mycorrhizal status. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:359-368. [PMID: 37821597 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Strong effects of plant identity, soil nutrient availability or mycorrhizal fungi on root traits have been well documented, but their interactive influences on root traits are still poorly understood. Here, three crop species (maize, wheat and soybean) were grown under four phosphorus (P) addition levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 mg P kg-1 dry soil), and plants were inoculated with or without five combined arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) species. Plant biomass, nutrient contents, root traits (including total root length, average root diameter, specific root length and root tissue density) and plants' mycorrhizal responses were measured. Crop species, P level, AMF, and their interactions strongly affected plant biomass and root traits. P fertilization promoted plant growth but reduced mycorrhizal benefits on plant biomass and nutrient uptake. Root traits of maize were sensitive to P addition only under the non-mycorrhizal condition, whilst most root traits of soybean and wheat plants were responsive to mycorrhizal inoculation but not P addition. Mycorrhizal colonization reduced the root plasticity in response to P fertility for maize but not for wheat or soybean. This study highlights the importance of soil nutrient fertility and mycorrhizal symbiosis in influencing root traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hao Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Gohar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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45
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Kupka D, Pan K, Pietrzykowski M, Kraj W, Gruba P. Effect of warming on ground vegetation in Carpathian Norway spruce stands, exemplified by European blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) nutrient stoichiometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:166396. [PMID: 37597568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite its small share of total forest biomass, ground vegetation plays an important role in biogeochemical cycles, being able to modify carbon (C) and nutrients fluxes. Global climate warming may affect plant nutrient uptake and the carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry, the release of nutrients from the soil and soil organic matter, as well as significantly influence the tree stand nutrient supply. In this context, the response of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst) stands' ground vegetation to warming is uncertain. An open-top chamber soil-warming simulation, lasting two growing seasons, was conducted in a spruce forest. At the end of each of the two growing seasons, before leaf senescence, European blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) aboveground biomass (leaves and stems) and mineral topsoil samples were collected from the plots. The C, N, P, micronutrient, and macronutrient concentrations were estimated in the samples. Warming caused significant decreases in C, N, and P in the soil. Warming also decreased the C:P and N:P stoichiometric ratios in the soil and increased the C:P ratio in plant stems. Significant increase in foliar C and decrease in foliar P in warmed plots were observed. The most evident effect was reduction of N and P in the soil, which directly affected the plant C:P and soil N:P stoichiometry. Our results show that warming has caused a significant decrease in the content of some nutrients in the aboveground plant tissues of blueberries. Given that N is a limiting factor of ecosystems productivity, its reduction in the soil caused by warming may be a serious threat to proper nutrient uptake and cause disruption of biogeochemical cycles. The decrease in nutrient content in aboveground tissues due to warming can result in disruptions to physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Kupka
- Department of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kaiwen Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Marcin Pietrzykowski
- Department of Ecological Engineering and Forest Hydrology, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kraj
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Gruba
- Department of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
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Błońska E, Lasota J, Kempf M, Ostonen I. The nutritional status and root development of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) seedlings growing on decaying deadwood in temperate forest ecosystem. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17813. [PMID: 37857689 PMCID: PMC10587165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to compare two substrates, soil and deadwood, for the regeneration of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) seedlings. Three-year-old fir seedlings growing both on deadwood and in the soil were collected. The examination involved determining the physical, chemical, and biochemical properties of soil and deadwood, as well as assessing the morphology of the roots and the nutrition of seedlings growing on the soil and deadwood. The examined substrates differed in physical, chemical and biochemical properties. It was shown that strongly decomposed fir logs are a good substrate for the growth of fir seedlings, mainly due to the high content of exchangeable cations (especially calcium, magnesium and potassium) and high phosphorus and nitrogen content. The type of substrate had a significant impact on the root morphology of fir seedlings. In our study, the most responsive root traits to differences in growing substrates were specific root area (SRA) and specific root length (SRL). Our analyses did not confirm significant differences in the stoichiometry of C, N and P in the roots and needles of seedlings grown on different substrates. The stoichiometry of roots and needles suggests no limitations in the uptake of nutrients by seedlings growing on deadwood. This study validated that heavily decomposed wood can provide favourable microhabitats for the growth of the young generation of fir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Błońska
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Lasota
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Kempf
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ivika Ostonen
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003, Tartu, Estonia
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Feng L, Cao B, Wang X. Response of soil extracellular enzyme activity and stoichiometry to short-term warming and phosphorus addition in desert steppe. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16227. [PMID: 37872947 PMCID: PMC10590576 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphorus (P) is regarded as one of the major limiting factors in grassland ecosystems. Soil available phosphorus deficiency could affect soil extracellular enzyme activity, which is essential for microbial metabolism. Yet it is still unclear how soil available phosphorus affects soil extracellular enzyme activity and microbial nutrient limitation of desert steppe in the context of climate warming. Methods This study carried out a short-term open-top chambers (OTCs) experiment in a desert steppe to examine the effects of warming, P addition, and their interaction on soil properties, the activities of soil extracellular enzymes, and stoichiometries. Results The findings demonstrated that soil acquisition enzyme stoichiometry of C: N: P was 1.2:1:1.5 in this experiment region, which deviated from the global mean scale (1:1:1). Warming increased soil AN (ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) contents and decreased microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN). Phosphorus addition raised soil available phosphorus and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) contents. Soil extracellular enzyme activities and stoichiometries in desert steppe are largely impacted by soil AN, MBC: MBP, and MBN: MBP. These results revealed that the changes of soil available nutrients and stoichiometries induced by short-term warming and P addition could influence soil microbial activities and alleviate soil microbial carbon and phosphorus limitation. Our findings highlight that soil available phosphorus played a critical role in regulating soil extracellular enzyme activity and microbial nutrient limitation of desert steppe. Further research on soil microbial communities should explore the microbiological mechanisms underlying these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Feng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Northwest Degraded Ecosystem Recovery and Reconstruction, Yinchuan, China
| | - Bing Cao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Northwest Degraded Ecosystem Recovery and Reconstruction, Yinchuan, China
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Chen Z, Li H, Zhang WH, Wang B. The roles of stomatal morphologies in transpiration and nutrient transportation between grasses and forbs in a temperate steppe. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:229-239. [PMID: 37470240 PMCID: PMC10583208 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Grasses and forbs are dominant functional groups in temperate grasslands and display substantial differences in many biological traits, especially in root and stomatal morphologies, which are closely related to the use of water and nutrients. However, few studies have investigated the differences in nutrient accumulation and stomatal morphology-mediated transportation of water and nutrients from roots to shoots comparatively between the two functional groups. METHODS Here, we explored the patterns of accumulation of multiple nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) in leaves and roots, transpiration-related processes and interactions between nutrients and transpiration at functional group levels by experiments in a temperate steppe and collection of data from the literature. KEY RESULTS The concentrations of all the examined nutrients were obviously higher in both leaves and roots of forbs than those in grasses, especially for leaf Ca and Mg concentrations. Grasses with dumbbell-shaped stomata displayed significantly lower transpiration and stomatal conductance than forbs with kidney-shaped stomata. In contrast, grasses showed much higher water-use efficiency (WUE) than forbs. The contrasting patterns of nutrient accumulation, transpiration and WUE between grasses and forbs were less sensitive to varied environments. Leaf N, P and S concentrations were not affected by transpiration. In contrast, leaf Mg concentrations were positively correlated with transpiration in forb species. Furthermore, linear regression and principal component analysis showed that leaf Ca and Mg concentrations were positively correlated with transpiration between the two functional groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed contrasting differences in acquisition of multiple nutrients and transpiration between grasses and forbs, and that stomatal morphologies are an important driver for the distinct WUE and translocation of Ca and Mg from roots to leaves between the two functional groups in temperate steppes. These findings will contribute to our understanding of the important roles of functional traits in driving water and nutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wen-hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baolan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Pérez-Martín MÁ, Benedito-Castillo S. Fertigation to recover nitrate-polluted aquifer and improve a long time eutrophicated lake, Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 894:165020. [PMID: 37348734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Use of nitrogen and phosphorus in agriculture increases agricultural production but also generates important environmental problems around the world, such as high nitrate levels in aquifers and an increase in eutrophication of waters. A set of tools and models are used, ENVIRO-GRO and PATRICAL models, to analyse the effect of large irrigation system modernization, 13,700 ha, from traditional flood irrigation to modernized drip irrigation, in the aquifer nitrate levels and in the phosphorus inputs to a 50-years eutrophicated RAMSAR lake, Albufera lake. Based on data collected from end users, modernized irrigation system reduces the amount of nitrogen applied from 25 % to 45 % and phosphorus applied around 90-95 %, so phosphorus content on soil, phosphorus legacy, is reducing by time. Obtained results indicate that nitrogen leaching as nitrate is reduced by 70 % to 83 % and surface runoff during irrigation events disappear, hence phosphorus contributions to surface waters are eliminated. Nitrate polluted aquifer will be recovered in 5-6 years after complete implement of measures and phosphorus inputs to the lake are reduced around 20 % contributing to improve the status of the eutrophicated Albufera lake. Results show great agreement with the European Strategy to reduce the use of fertilizers and how the fertilizers technical management in fertigation can contribute to greater efficiency in it use and improvement of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Pérez-Martín
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain.
| | - Sara Benedito-Castillo
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain.
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50
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Costa MG, de Mello Prado R, Dos Santos Sarah MM, de Souza AES, de Souza Júnior JP. Silicon mitigates K deficiency in maize by modifying C, N, and P stoichiometry and nutritional efficiency. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16929. [PMID: 37805565 PMCID: PMC10560233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K) deficiency in maize plants damages the nutritional functions of K. However, few studies have investigated the influence of K on C:N:P stoichiometry, the nutritional efficiency of these nutrients, and whether the mitigating effect of Si in plants under stress could act on these nutritional mechanisms involved with C, N, and P to mitigate K deficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of K deficiency in the absence and presence of Si on N and P uptake, C:N:P stoichiometric homeostasis, nutritional efficiency, photosynthetic rate, and dry matter production of maize plants. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions using a 2 × 2 factorial scheme comprising two K concentrations: potassium deficiency (7.82 mg L-1) and potassium sufficiency (234.59 mg L-1). These concentrations were combined with the absence (0.0 mg L-1) and presence of Si (56.17 mg L-1), arranged in randomized blocks with five replicates. Potassium deficiency decreased stoichiometric ratios (C:N and C:P) and the plant's C, N, and P accumulation. Furthermore, it decreased the use efficiency of these nutrients, net photosynthesis, and biomass of maize plants. The results showed that Si supply stood out in K-deficient maize plants by increasing the C, N, and P accumulation. Moreover, it decreased stoichiometric ratios (C:N, C:P, N:P, C:Si, N:Si, and P:Si) and increased the efficiencies of uptake, translocation, and use of nutrients, net photosynthesis, and dry matter production of maize plants. Therefore, the low nutritional efficiency of C, N, and P caused by K deficiency in maize plants can be alleviated with the supply of 56.17 mg L-1 of Si in the nutrient solution. It changes C:N:P stoichiometry and favors the use efficiency of these nutrients, which enhances the photosynthesis and sustainability of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Garcia Costa
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marcilene Machado Dos Santos Sarah
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Antônia Erica Santos de Souza
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Jonas Pereira de Souza Júnior
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane S/N, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Brazil
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