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Chang LC, Yeh EL, Chuang YC, Wu CH, Kuo CW, Lii CK, Yang YC, Chen HW, Li CC. Luteolin Inhibits Indoxyl Sulfate-Induced ICAM-1 and MCP-1 Expression by Inducing HO-1 Expression in EA.hy926 Human Endothelial Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39105397 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
In patients with chronic kidney disease, the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) accelerates kidney damage and the progression of cardiovascular disease. IS may contribute to vascular diseases by inducing inflammation in endothelial cells. Luteolin has documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of luteolin on IS-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) expression in EA.hy926 cells and the possible mechanisms involved. IS significantly induced ROS production (by 6.03-fold, p < 0.05), ICAM-1 (by 2.19-fold, p < 0.05) and MCP-1 protein expression (by 2.18-fold, p < 0.05), and HL-60 cell adhesion (by 31%, p < 0.05), whereas, luteolin significantly decreased IS-induced ROS production, ICAM-1 and MCP-1 protein expression, and HL-60 cell adhesion. Moreover, luteolin attenuated IS-induced nuclear accumulation of p65 and c-jun. Luteolin dose-dependently increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and the maximum fold induction of HO-1 by luteolin was 3.68-fold (p < 0.05), whereas, HO-1 knockdown abolished the suppression of ICAM-1 and MCP-1 expression by luteolin. Luteolin may protect against IS-induced vessel damage by inducing HO-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells, which suppresses nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) mediated ICAM-1 and MCP-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chien Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - En-Ling Yeh
- Department of Nutrition, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Chuang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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2
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Niveta JPS, John CM, Arockiasamy S. Monoamine oxidase mediated oxidative stress: a potential molecular and biochemical crux in the pathogenesis of obesity. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:29. [PMID: 38142252 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a global health concern with an increasing prevalence as years pass by but the researchers have not come to a consensus on the exact pathophysiological mechanism underlying this disease. In the past three decades, Monoamine Oxidases (MAO), has come into limelight for a possible involvement in orchestrating the genesis of obesity but the exact mechanism is not well elucidated. MAO is essentially an enzyme involved in the catabolism of neurotransmitters and other biogenic amines to form a corresponding aldehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ammonia. This review aims to highlight the repercussions of MAO's catabolic activity on the redox balance, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism of adipocytes which ultimately leads to obesity. The H2O2 produced by these enzymes seems to be the culprit causing oxidative stress in pre-adipocytes and goes on to mimic insulin's activity independent of its presence via the Protein Kinase B Pathway facilitating glucose influx. The H2O2 activates Sterol regulatory-element binding protein-1c and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma crucial for encoding enzymes like fatty acid synthase, acetyl CoA carboxylase 1, Adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase etc., which helps promoting lipogenesis at the same time inhibits lipolysis. More reactive oxygen species production occurs via NADPH Oxidases enzymes and is also able activate Nuclear Factor kappa B leading to inflammation in the adipocyte microenvironment. This chronic inflammation is the seed for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Shirley Niveta
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Cordelia Mano John
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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3
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Downton P, Bagnall JS, England H, Spiller DG, Humphreys NE, Jackson DA, Paszek P, White MRH, Adamson AD. Overexpression of IκB⍺ modulates NF-κB activation of inflammatory target gene expression. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1187187. [PMID: 37228587 PMCID: PMC10203502 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1187187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to inflammatory stimuli such as cytokines by activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway, resulting in oscillatory translocation of the transcription factor p65 between nucleus and cytoplasm in some cell types. We investigate the relationship between p65 and inhibitor-κB⍺ (IκBα) protein levels and dynamic properties of the system, and how this interaction impacts on the expression of key inflammatory genes. Using bacterial artificial chromosomes, we developed new cell models of IκB⍺-eGFP protein overexpression in a pseudo-native genomic context. We find that cells with high levels of the negative regulator IκBα remain responsive to inflammatory stimuli and maintain dynamics for both p65 and IκBα. In contrast, canonical target gene expression is dramatically reduced by overexpression of IκBα, but can be partially rescued by overexpression of p65. Treatment with leptomycin B to promote nuclear accumulation of IκB⍺ also suppresses canonical target gene expression, suggesting a mechanism in which nuclear IκB⍺ accumulation prevents productive p65 interaction with promoter binding sites. This causes reduced target promoter binding and gene transcription, which we validate by chromatin immunoprecipitation and in primary cells. Overall, we show how inflammatory gene transcription is modulated by the expression levels of both IκB⍺ and p65. This results in an anti-inflammatory effect on transcription, demonstrating a broad mechanism to modulate the strength of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly Downton
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James S. Bagnall
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel England
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Spiller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Neil E. Humphreys
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dean A. Jackson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pawel Paszek
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. H. White
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Antony D. Adamson
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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4
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Burgos C, Alvarenga N, Sotelo PH, Langjahr P. Anti-inflammatory activity of Baccharis notosergila against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and identification of active fractions and their chemical constituents. Eur J Integr Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2022.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Lu Y, Li B, Xu A, Liang X, Xu T, Jin H, Xie Y, Wang R, Liu X, Gao X, Han Y, Zeng J. NF-κB and AP-1 are required for the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of MCP-1, CXCL1, and Cx43 in cultured rat dorsal spinal cord astrocytes. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:859558. [PMID: 35966011 PMCID: PMC9368326 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.859558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR4 and Cx43 signaling in dorsal spinal cord has been shown to be involved in the development of neuropathic pain. However, it is not clear whether TLR4 signaling is associated with the expression of MCP-1, CXCL1, and Cx43 in LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-treated rat dorsal spinal cord astrocytes under in vitro condition. In the present study, we found that TLR4 antagonist TAK-242 significantly inhibited LPS-induced MCP-1, CXCL1, and Cx43 expression, suggesting the role of TLR4 in response to LPS in cultured dorsal spinal cord astrocytes. Application of TAK-242 significantly blocked LPS-induced NF-κB and AP-1 activity and the expression of MCP-1, CXCL1 and Cx43. Furthermore, NF-κB inhibitor PDTC and AP-1 inhibitor SR11302 significantly blocked LPS-induced MCP-1, CXCL1, and Cx43 expression. DNA-binding activity of NF-κB, its effect on MCP-1 expression was suppressed by PDTC and SR11302. On the other hand, DNA-binding activity of AP-1, its effect on CXCL1 or Cx43 expression was also suppressed by PDTC and SR11302. In addition, PDTC was found to inhibit the nuclear translocation of AP-1 and the expression of c-Jun induced by LPS, which suggested that NF-κBp65 is essential for the AP-1 activity. Similarly, SR11302 significantly blocked LPS-induced the nuclear translocation of NF-κBp65 and the expression of NF-κBp65 induced by LPS. Pretreatment with CBX, Gap26, or Gap19 (Cx43 blockers) significantly inhibited abnormal astrocytic hemichannel opening and chemokines (MCP-1 and CXCL1) release in LPS-stimulated astrocytes. In summary, cell culture experiments revealed that LPS stimulation could evoke TLR4 signaling with the subsequent activation of NF-κB and AP-1, resulting in the expression of MCP-1, CXCL1, and Cx43. TLR4 activation increased Cx43 hemichannel, but not gap-junction activities and induced the release of the MCP-1 and CXCL1 from astrocytes via Cx43 hemichannel. These findings may help us to understand the role of astrocytic signaling in inflammatory response within dorsal spinal cord tissue.
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6
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Song M, Xu T, Chen X, Li T, Wu T. Brahma-Related Gene 1 Deficiency in Endothelial Cells Ameliorates Vascular Inflammatory Responses in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:578790. [PMID: 33330454 PMCID: PMC7734107 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in promoting the progression of disease genesis such as atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The physiological unbalance of endothelial cells is a major pathological basis. In this present study, we investigated Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1), a chromatin remodeling protein, was in mouse models of diabetic atherosclerosis and AAA, focusing on its role in endothelial dysfunction. We report that compared with their wild-type (WT, ApoE–/–; BRG1fl/fl) littermates, endothelium conditional BRG1 knockout mice (CKO, ApoE–/–; BRG1fl/fl; CDH5-cre) exhibited an alleviated phenotype of diabetic atherosclerosis. Immunohistochemically staining and real-time PCR analysis demonstrated fewer macrophages recruitment with a reduction of vascular inflammatory in CKO mice compared with WT mice. Further research in the Ang-II induced AAA model revealed that BRG1 deficiency had the protective effects on endothelium conditional BRG1 deletion, evidenced by the downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators [interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, not tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] in the vessels of CKO mice compared with WT mice. In Ea.hy926 cell lines, anti-BRG1 small interfering RNA and PFI-3 treatment obviously alleviated tumor necrosis factor-α-induced IL-6 and CCL2 expression, and further research demonstrated that the BRG1 inhibition in endothelial cells not only decreased c-Fos expression but also blocked the c-Fos translocation into nuclei. In conclusion, our results suggest that endothelial BRG1 deficiency may protect the mice from diabetic atherosclerosis and AAA via inhibiting inflammatory response in vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Huidi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingzi Song
- Laboratory Center for Experimental Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongchang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianfa Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Teng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Bhattarai N, Korhonen E, Toppila M, Koskela A, Kaarniranta K, Mysore Y, Kauppinen A. Resvega Alleviates Hydroquinone-Induced Oxidative Stress in ARPE-19 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062066. [PMID: 32192228 PMCID: PMC7139575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells maintain homeostasis at the retina and they are under continuous oxidative stress. Cigarette smoke is a prominent environmental risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which further increases the oxidant load in retinal tissues. In this study, we measured oxidative stress and inflammatory markers upon cigarette smoke-derived hydroquinone exposure on human ARPE-19 cells. In addition, we studied the effects of commercial Resvega product on hydroquinone-induced oxidative stress. Previously, it was observed that Resvega induces autophagy during impaired protein clearance in ARPE-19 cells, for which it has the potential to alleviate pro-inflammatory pathways. Cell viability was determined while using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, and the cytokine levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured using the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (H2DCFDA) probe. Hydroquinone compromised the cell viability and increased ROS production in ARPE-19 cells. Resvega significantly improved cell viability upon hydroquinone exposure and reduced the release of interleukin (IL)-8 and monocytic chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 from RPE cells. Resvega, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (APDC) alleviated hydroquinone-induced ROS production in RPE cells. Collectively, our results indicate that hydroquinone induces cytotoxicity and increases oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase activity in RPE cells, and resveratrol-containing Resvega products prevent those adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Bhattarai
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (E.K.); (M.T.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (A.K); Tel.: +358-44-9830424 (N.B.); +358-40-3553216 (A.K.)
| | - Eveliina Korhonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (E.K.); (M.T.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Toppila
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (E.K.); (M.T.); (Y.M.)
| | - Ali Koskela
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (A.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (A.K.); (K.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yashavanthi Mysore
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (E.K.); (M.T.); (Y.M.)
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (E.K.); (M.T.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (A.K); Tel.: +358-44-9830424 (N.B.); +358-40-3553216 (A.K.)
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8
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Palacios-Ramírez R, Hernanz R, Martín A, Pérez-Girón JV, Barrús MT, González-Carnicero Z, Aguado A, Jaisser F, Briones AM, Salaices M, Alonso MJ. Pioglitazone Modulates the Vascular Contractility in Hypertension by Interference with ET-1 Pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16461. [PMID: 31712626 PMCID: PMC6848177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an important modulator of the vascular tone and a proinflammatory molecule that contributes to the vascular damage observed in hypertension. Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors-γ (PPARγ) agonists show cardioprotective properties by decreasing inflammatory molecules such as COX-2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS), among others. We investigated the possible modulatory effect of PPARγ activation on the vascular effects of ET-1 in hypertension. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), but not in normotensive rats, ET-1 enhanced phenylephrine-induced contraction through ETA by a mechanism dependent on activation of TP receptors by COX-2-derived prostacyclin and reduction in NO bioavailability due to enhanced ROS production. In SHR, the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (2.5 mg/Kg·day, 28 days) reduced the increased ETA levels and increased those of ETB. After pioglitazone treatment of SHR, ET-1 through ETB decreased ROS levels that resulted in increased NO bioavailability and diminished phenylephrine contraction. In vascular smooth muscle cells from SHR, ET-1 increased ROS production through AP-1 and NFκB activation, leading to enhanced COX-2 expression. These effects were blocked by pioglitazone. In summary, in hypertension, pioglitazone shifts the vascular ETA/ETB ratio, reduces ROS/COX-2 activation and increases NO availability; these changes explain the effect of ET-1 decreasing phenylephrine-induced contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Palacios-Ramírez
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Inserm U1138, Cordeliers Institute, Paris VI-University, Paris, France
| | - Raquel Hernanz
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Martín
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - José V Pérez-Girón
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - María T Barrús
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zoe González-Carnicero
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Andrea Aguado
- Depto. de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Inserm U1138, Cordeliers Institute, Paris VI-University, Paris, France
| | - Ana M Briones
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,Depto. de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,Depto. de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Alonso
- Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain. .,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Harman JL, Dobnikar L, Chappell J, Stokell BG, Dalby A, Foote K, Finigan A, Freire-Pritchett P, Taylor AL, Worssam MD, Madsen RR, Loche E, Uryga A, Bennett MR, Jørgensen HF. Epigenetic Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Histone H3 Lysine 9 Dimethylation Attenuates Target Gene-Induction by Inflammatory Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2289-2302. [PMID: 31434493 PMCID: PMC6818986 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular inflammation underlies cardiovascular disease. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) upregulate selective genes, including MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) and proinflammatory cytokines upon local inflammation, which directly contribute to vascular disease and adverse clinical outcome. Identification of factors controlling VSMC responses to inflammation is therefore of considerable therapeutic importance. Here, we determine the role of Histone H3 lysine 9 di-methylation (H3K9me2), a repressive epigenetic mark that is reduced in atherosclerotic lesions, in regulating the VSMC inflammatory response. Approach and Results: We used VSMC-lineage tracing to reveal reduced H3K9me2 levels in VSMCs of arteries after injury and in atherosclerotic lesions compared with control vessels. Intriguingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed H3K9me2 enrichment at a subset of inflammation-responsive gene promoters, including MMP3, MMP9, MMP12, and IL6, in mouse and human VSMCs. Inhibition of G9A/GLP (G9A-like protein), the primary enzymes responsible for H3K9me2, significantly potentiated inflammation-induced gene induction in vitro and in vivo without altering NFκB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell) and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling. Rather, reduced G9A/GLP activity enhanced inflammation-induced binding of transcription factors NFκB-p65 and cJUN to H3K9me2 target gene promoters MMP3 and IL6. Taken together, these results suggest that promoter-associated H3K9me2 directly attenuates the induction of target genes in response to inflammation in human VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS This study implicates H3K9me2 in regulating the proinflammatory VSMC phenotype. Our findings suggest that reduced H3K9me2 in disease enhance binding of NFκB and AP-1 (activator protein-1) transcription factors at specific inflammation-responsive genes to augment proinflammatory stimuli in VSMC. Therefore, H3K9me2-regulation could be targeted clinically to limit expression of MMPs and IL6, which are induced in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Harman
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Lina Dobnikar
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (L.D., P.F.-P.)
| | - Joel Chappell
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Benjamin G. Stokell
- Statistical Laboratory, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.G.S.)
| | - Amanda Dalby
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Kirsty Foote
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Alison Finigan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | | | - Annabel L. Taylor
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Matthew D. Worssam
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Ralitsa R. Madsen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Elena Loche
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Anna Uryga
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Martin R. Bennett
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Helle F. Jørgensen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
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10
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Rahtes A, Pradhan K, Sarma M, Xie D, Lu C, Li L. Phenylbutyrate facilitates homeostasis of non-resolving inflammatory macrophages. Innate Immun 2019; 26:62-72. [PMID: 31604378 PMCID: PMC6974874 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919879503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-resolving inflammatory monocytes/macrophages are critically involved in the
pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, mechanisms of macrophage
polarization are not well understood, thus hindering the development of
effective strategies to promote inflammation resolution. In this study, we
report that macrophages polarized by subclinical super-low dose LPS
preferentially expressed pro-inflammatory mediators such as
ccl2 (which encodes the protein monocyte chemo attractant
protein-1) with reduced expression of anti-inflammatory/homeostatic mediators
such as slc40a1 (which encodes the protein ferroportin-1). We
observed significantly elevated levels of the autophagy-associated and
pro-inflammatory protein p62 in polarized macrophages, closely correlated with
the inflammatory activation of ccl2 gene expression. In
contrast, we noted a significant increase of ubiquitinated/inactive
nuclear-erythroid-related factor 2 (NRF2), consistent with reduced
slc40a1 gene expression in polarized macrophages. Addition
of the homeostatic restorative agent phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) effectively reduced
cellular levels of p62 as well as ccl2 gene induction by
super-low dose LPS. On the other hand, application of 4-PBA also blocked the
accumulation of ubiquitinated NRF2 and restored anti-inflammatory
slc40a1 gene expression in macrophages. Together, our study
provides novel insights with regard to macrophage polarization and reveals 4-PBA
as a promising molecule in restoring macrophage homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kisha Pradhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Mimosa Sarma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - David Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, USA
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11
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Induction of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Colorectal Cancer by Human TNF-β (Lymphotoxin) and its Reversal by Resveratrol. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030704. [PMID: 30917533 PMCID: PMC6471988 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β), as an inflammatory mediator that has been shown to promote tumorigenesis, induces NF-κB. Natural multi-targeted agent resveratrol in turn shows anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) allows cancer cells to turn into a motile state with invasive capacities and is associated with metastasis and development of cancer stem cells (CSC). However, TNF-β-induced EMT and the anti-invasion mechanism of resveratrol on CRC are not yet completely understood. Methods: We investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of resveratrol on TNF-β/TNF-βR-induced EMT and migration of CRC cells (HCT116, RKO, SW480) in monolayer or 3D alginate cultures. Results: TNF-β, similar to TNF-α, induced significant cell proliferation, morphological change, from an epithelial to a spindle-like mesenchymal shape with the formation of filopodia and lamellipodia associated with the expression of EMT parameters (elevated vimentin and slug, reduced E-cadherin), increased migration/invasion, and formation of CSC in all CRC cells. Interestingly, these effects were dramatically decreased in the presence of resveratrol or anti-TNF-βR with TNF-β co-treatment, inducing biochemical changes to the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), with a planar cell surface and suppressed formation of CSC cells. This was associated with a significant increase in apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that resveratrol suppressed TNF-β-induced NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene biomarkers associated with growth, proliferation, and invasion. Finally, TNF-βR interacts directly with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and NF-κB. Conclusion: These results suggest that resveratrol down-regulates TNF-β/TNF-βR-induced EMT, at least in part via specific suppression of NF-κΒ and FAK in CRC cells.
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12
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Chen IC, Lin YT, Huang JS, Wu BN, Hsu JH, Tan MS, Dai ZK. Decreased Ambient Oxygen Tension Alters the Expression of Endothelin-1, iNOS and cGMP in Rat Alveolar Macrophages. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:443-449. [PMID: 30911278 PMCID: PMC6428981 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.28353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia plays an important role in the vascular tone of pulmonary circulation via the vasculature and parenchymal tissue. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictive peptide, plays a role in inflammation in mononuclear cells. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which generates nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP), is coexpressed with ET-1 in many cell types. The aim of this study was to assess whether hypoxia induces the production of ET-1 and associated expression of NOS, NO/cGMP and chemokines in rat alveolar macrophages (AMs). Methods: NR8383 cells were cultured under hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions for 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours. Levels of ET-1, inducible NOS (iNOS), phosphorylated iNOS (p-iNOS), nitrite/nitrate (NOx), cGMP and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured. Results: ET-1, p-iNOS, NOx, and cGMP increased significantly in AMs after 4 hours of hypoxia (p < 0.05). ET-1 and MCP-1 mRNA increased after 8 hours (p < 0.05). The protein expression of ET-1, MCP-1, and p-iNOS increased in a time-dependent manner, while iNOS expression decreased with time. Conclusions: The changes in ET-1, p-iNOS, and the NO/cGMP pathway in AMs may help elucidate the mechanisms in the hypoxic lung. Understanding changes in the endothelin axis in hypoxic AMs is a crucial first step to unravel its role in pulmonary circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsai Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jhy-Shrian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mian-Shin Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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13
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Shi G, Zheng X, Wu X, Wang S, Wang Y, Xing F. All-trans retinoic acid reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in paclitaxel-resistant cells by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B and upregulating gap junctions. Cancer Sci 2018; 110:379-388. [PMID: 30375704 PMCID: PMC6317959 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapy drug, but development of resistance leads to treatment failure. Tumor cells that are treated with a sublethal dose of paclitaxel for a long period of time show the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, which leads to metastasis and resistance. All‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is always used in combination with paclitaxel and can reverse EMT in many types of cancer cells. The ability of ATRA to reverse EMT in chemoresistant cells is still unknown. In the present study, the ability of ATRA to reverse EMT in paclitaxel‐resistant cells was investigated. Three colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT116, LoVo and CT26, were treated with sublethal doses of paclitaxel to create resistant cell lines. Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and “parachute” dye‐coupling assays showed that ATRA reverses EMT, inhibits nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κΒ), and upregulates gap junctions in paclitaxel‐resistant cells. Scratch wound‐healing and Transwell assays showed that ATRA decreases the migration and invasion abilities of paclitaxel‐resistant cells. In addition, the CT26 cell line was used in the Balb/c pulmonary metastasis model to show that ATRA reduces metastasis of paclitaxel‐resistant cells in vivo. Given these data, ATRA may reverse EMT by inhibiting NF‐κΒ and upregulating gap junctions in paclitaxel‐resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Shi
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Xiaojing Wu
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijia Wang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, NanKai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Xing
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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14
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DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty MF, O’Keefe JH. Antioxidant bilirubin works in multiple ways to reduce risk for obesity and its health complications. Open Heart 2018; 5:e000914. [PMID: 30364545 PMCID: PMC6196942 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - James H O’Keefe
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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15
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Chiba Y, Suto W, Sakai H. Augmented Pla2g4c/Ptgs2/Hpgds axis in bronchial smooth muscle tissues of experimental asthma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202623. [PMID: 30161143 PMCID: PMC6116991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Augmented smooth muscle contractility of the airways is one of the causes of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatics. However, the mechanism of the altered properties of airway smooth muscle cells is not well understood. Objectives To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) hyper-contractility in a murine asthma model. Methods The ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized mice were repeatedly challenged with aerosolized OA to induce asthmatic reaction. Transcriptomic profiles were generated by microarray analysis of BSM tissues from the OA-challenged and control animals, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) Pathway Analysis was applied. Measurements and main results Tension study showed a BSM hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine (ACh) in the OA-challenged mice. A total of 770 genes were differentially expressed between the OA-challenged and control animals. Pathway analysis showed a significant change in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism pathway in BSM tissues of the OA-challenged mice. Validation of DEGs by quantitative RT-PCR showed a significant increase in PLA2 group 4c (Pla2g4c)/COX-2 (Ptgs2)/PGD2 synthase 2 (Hpgds) axis. PGD2 level in bronchoalveolar fluids of the OA-challenged mice was significantly increased. A 24-h incubation of BSM tissues with PGD2 caused a hyperresponsiveness to ACh in naive control mice. Conclusions AA metabolism is shifted towards PGD2 production in BSM tissues of asthma. Increased PGD2 level in the airways might be a cause of the BSM hyperresponsiveness in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Wataru Suto
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Analytical Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Li N, Huo Y, Xie H, Cheng Y. Angiotensin II induces the secretion of ICAM-1 and MCP-1 in human airway smooth muscle cells in vitro. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2018.3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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17
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Shi G, Zheng X, Zhang S, Wu X, Yu F, Wang Y, Xing F. Kanglaite inhibits EMT caused by TNF-α via NF-κΒ inhibition in colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 9:6771-6779. [PMID: 29467927 PMCID: PMC5805513 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is a critical pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and was once considered an anti-tumor agent. However, a low dose of tumor necrosis factor-alpha can cause epithelial mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis and metastasis. NF-κΒ contributes to epithelial mesenchymal transition induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Kanglaite, an extract from the Coix lacryma-jobi (adlay) seed, is an NF-κΒ inhibitor. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Kanglaite could inhibit epithelial mesenchymal transition caused by tumor necrosis factor-alpha using four colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT106, HCT116, LoVo and CT26. Our results showed that tumor necrosis factor-alpha -mediated activation of NF-κΒ, caused changes in epithelial mesenchymal transition -related protein expression, and increased migration and invasion in all four cell lines. However, these effects were inhibited by Kanglaite when used in combination with tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In a subcutaneous tumor model of CT26, tumor necrosis factor-alpha enhanced the tumorigenic ability of the cells, and again this was inhibited by Kanglaite. However, treatment with Kanglaite alone caused almost no inhibition of epithelial mesenchymal transition -mediated tumor growth, when cells were pretreated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha prior to injection. These results suggest that Kanglaite inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha -mediated epithelial mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cell lines via inhibition of NF-κΒ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Shi
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yijia Wang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Fei Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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18
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Methyl (E)-(3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acryloyl)tryptophanate can suppress MCP-1 expression by inhibiting p38 MAP kinase and NF-κB in LPS-stimulated differentiated THP-1 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 810:149-155. [PMID: 28690191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methyl (E)-(3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acryloyl)tryptophanate (MHAT) is an O-methyl ester of javamide-II showing strong anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, in this study, MHAT was chemically synthesized, and its effects on p38 MAP kinase, NF-κB, and monocyte chemotactic factor-1 (MCP-1) expression were investigated in LPS-stimulated differentiated THP-1 cells. MHAT inhibited p38 MAP kinase with an IC50 of 12μM, and the inhibition was supported by an in silico model showing that its binding to p38 MAP kinase was stronger than that of SB203580. At the concentration of 20μM, the p38 inhibition reduced ATF-2 phosphorylation by 55% (P < 0.05). Additionally, MHAT inhibited NF-κB (p65) phosphorylation by 30% (P < 0.05) at the same concentration, suggesting that MHAT was able to reduce NF-κB transcriptional activity. This supposition was confirmed by the NF-κB reporter assay, demonstrating that MHAT (20μM) could suppress NF-κB transcriptional activity by 29% (P < 0.05) in the NF-κB reporter (Luc)-HEK293 cell line. As expected, the treatment with MHAT (5-40μM) significantly inhibited MCP-1 mRNA expression by 9-73% (P < 0.05) and the production of MCP-1 protein by 10-70% (P < 0.05) in the THP-1 cells. Furthermore, MHAT was found to inhibit RANTES expression as well in the same THP-1 cells, supporting its purported inhibition of p38 MAP kinase and NF-κB. All these data suggest that MHAT is a potent compound that can inhibit MCP-1 production by suppressing p38 kinase/ATF-2 phosphorylation and NF-κB in the differentiated THP-1 cells.
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19
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Kim HW, Kim YO, Yoon SA, Han JS, Chun HB, Kim YS. Angiotensin III increases monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Korean J Intern Med 2016; 31:116-24. [PMID: 26767865 PMCID: PMC4712415 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.31.1.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We investigated whether angiotensin III (Ang III) is involved in monocyte recruitment through regulation of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells). METHODS We measured MCP-1 levels in HK-2 cells that had been treated with various concentrations of Ang III and Ang II type-1 (AT1) receptor antagonists at various time points. The phosphorylation states of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases were measured in Ang III-treated cells to explore the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. MCP-1 levels in HK-2 cell-conditioned media were measured after pre-treatment with the transcription factor inhibitors curcumin or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. RESULTS Ang III increased MCP-1 protein production in dose- and time-dependent manners in HK-2 cells, which was inhibited by the AT1 receptor blocker losartan. p38 MAPK activity increased significantly in HK-2 cells exposed to Ang III for 30 minutes, and was sustained at higher levels after 60 minutes (p < 0.05). Total phosphorylated JNK protein levels tended to increase 20 minutes after stimulation with Ang III. Pre-treatment with a p38 inhibitor, a JNK inhibitor, or curcumin significantly inhibited Ang III-induced MCP-1 production. CONCLUSIONS Ang III increases MCP-1 synthesis via stimulation of intracellular p38 and JNK MAPK signaling activity and subsequent activated protein-1 transcriptional activity in HK-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Wook Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Ok Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Sun Ae Yoon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Han
- Renal Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Bae Chun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Young Soo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
- Correspondence to Young Soo Kim, M.D. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 11765, Korea Tel: +82-31-820-3583 Fax: +82-31-847-2719 E-mail:
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20
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Endothelin Receptors Expressed by Immune Cells Are Involved in Modulation of Inflammation and in Fibrosis: Relevance to the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:147616. [PMID: 26090478 PMCID: PMC4451773 DOI: 10.1155/2015/147616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays a pivotal role in vasoconstriction, fibrosis, and inflammation, the key features of systemic sclerosis (SSc). ET-1 receptors (ETA and ETB) are expressed on endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, but their presence on immune cells has not been deeply investigated so far. Endothelin receptors antagonists such as bosentan have beneficial effects on vasoconstriction and fibrosis, but less is known about their potential anti-inflammatory effects. We studied the expression of ET-1 receptors on immune cells (T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils) and the link between ET-1 and inflammation in patients with SSc. We show here that ET-1 exerts a proinflammatory effect in CD4+ T cells, since it induces an increased IFN-γ production; preincubation with antagonists of both receptors reduces IFN-γ production. Moreover, following ET-1 stimulation, neutrophils produce proinflammatory mediators, thus amplifying the effects of activated CD4+ T cells. Our data indicate that ET-1 system is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation and fibrosis typical of SSc, through the activation of T lymphocytes and neutrophils and the consequent release of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines. These findings suggest that dual ET-1 receptors antagonist therapy, besides its effect on vasculopathy, has a profound impact on the immune system favouring antiinflammatory and antifibrogenic effects.
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21
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Lindholm PF, Sivapurapu N, Jovanovic B, Kajdacsy-Balla A. Monocyte-Induced Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion is Mediated by Chemokine ligand 2 and Nuclear Factor-κB Activity. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26317041 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000308.monocyte-induced] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
STUDY BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment contains inflammatory cells which can influence cancer growth and progression; however the mediators of these effects vary with different cancer types. The mechanisms by which prostate cancer cells communicate with monocytes to promote cancer progression are incompletely understood. This study tested prostate cancer cell and monocyte interactions that lead to increased prostate cancer cell invasion. METHODS We analyzed the prostate cancer cell invasion and NF-κB activity and cytokine expression during interaction with monocyte-lineage cells in co-cultures. The roles of monocyte chemotactic factor (MCP-1/CCL2) and NF-κB activity for co-culture induced prostate cancer invasion were tested. Clinical prostate cancer NF-κB expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In co-cultures of prostate cancer cell lines with monocyte-lineage cells, (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) levels were significantly increased when compared with monocytes or cancer cells cultured alone. Prostate cancer cell invasion was induced by recombinant CCL2 in a dose dependent manner, similar to co-cultures with monocytes. The monocyte-induced prostate cancer cell invasion was inhibited by CCL2 neutralizing antibodies and by the CCR2 inhibitor, RS102895. Prostate cancer cell invasion and CCL2 expression induced in the co-cultures was inhibited by Lactacystin and Bay11-7082 NF-κB inhibitors. Prostate cancer cell NF-κB DNA binding activity depended on CCL2 dose and was inhibited by CCL2 neutralizing antibodies. Clinical prostate cancer NF-κB expression correlated with tumor grade. CONCLUSIONS Co-cultures with monocyte-lineage cell lines stimulated increased prostate cancer cell invasion through increased CCL2 expression and increased prostate cancer cell NF-κB activity. CCL2 and NF-κB may be useful therapeutic targets to interfere with inflammation-induced prostate cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Lindholm
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Borko Jovanovic
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Bioinformatics Core, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - André Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, USA
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22
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Transcriptional regulation of chemokine expression in ovarian cancer. Biomolecules 2015; 5:223-43. [PMID: 25790431 PMCID: PMC4384120 DOI: 10.3390/biom5010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic chemokines contributes to ovarian cancer progression through the induction of tumor cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The substantial potential of these chemokines to facilitate the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer underscores the need for their stringent transcriptional regulation. In this Review, we highlight the key mechanisms that regulate the transcription of pro-inflammatory chemokines in ovarian cancer cells, and that have important roles in controlling ovarian cancer progression. We further discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the increased chemokine expression in drug resistance, along with our perspective for future studies.
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Lindholm PF, Sivapurapu N, Jovanovic B, Kajdacsy-Balla A. Monocyte-Induced Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion is Mediated by Chemokine ligand 2 and Nuclear Factor-κB Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6. [PMID: 26317041 PMCID: PMC4548876 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Study Background The tumor microenvironment contains inflammatory cells which can influence cancer growth and progression; however the mediators of these effects vary with different cancer types. The mechanisms by which prostate cancer cells communicate with monocytes to promote cancer progression are incompletely understood. This study tested prostate cancer cell and monocyte interactions that lead to increased prostate cancer cell invasion. Methods We analyzed the prostate cancer cell invasion and NF-κB activity and cytokine expression during interaction with monocyte-lineage cells in co-cultures. The roles of monocyte chemotactic factor (MCP-1/CCL2) and NF-κB activity for co-culture induced prostate cancer invasion were tested. Clinical prostate cancer NF-κB expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results In co-cultures of prostate cancer cell lines with monocyte-lineage cells, (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) levels were significantly increased when compared with monocytes or cancer cells cultured alone. Prostate cancer cell invasion was induced by recombinant CCL2 in a dose dependent manner, similar to co-cultures with monocytes. The monocyte-induced prostate cancer cell invasion was inhibited by CCL2 neutralizing antibodies and by the CCR2 inhibitor, RS102895. Prostate cancer cell invasion and CCL2 expression induced in the co-cultures was inhibited by Lactacystin and Bay11-7082 NF-κB inhibitors. Prostate cancer cell NF-κB DNA binding activity depended on CCL2 dose and was inhibited by CCL2 neutralizing antibodies. Clinical prostate cancer NF-κB expression correlated with tumor grade. Conclusions Co-cultures with monocyte-lineage cell lines stimulated increased prostate cancer cell invasion through increased CCL2 expression and increased prostate cancer cell NF-κB activity. CCL2 and NF-κB may be useful therapeutic targets to interfere with inflammation-induced prostate cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Lindholm
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Borko Jovanovic
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Bioinformatics Core, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - André Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, USA
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Singh SR, Sutcliffe A, Kaur D, Gupta S, Desai D, Saunders R, Brightling CE. CCL2 release by airway smooth muscle is increased in asthma and promotes fibrocyte migration. Allergy 2014; 69:1189-97. [PMID: 24931417 PMCID: PMC4215601 DOI: 10.1111/all.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by variable airflow obstruction, airway inflammation, airway hyper-responsiveness and airway remodelling. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperplasia is a feature of airway remodelling and contributes to bronchial wall thickening. We sought to investigate the expression levels of chemokines in primary cultures of ASM cells from asthmatics vs healthy controls and to assess whether differentially expressed chemokines (i) promote fibrocyte (FC) migration towards ASM and (ii) are increased in blood from subjects with asthma and in sputum samples from those asthmatics with bronchial wall thickening. METHODS Chemokine concentrations released by primary ASM were measured by MesoScale Discovery platform. The chemokine most highly expressed by ASM from asthmatics compared with healthy controls was confirmed by ELISA, and expression of its cognate chemokine receptor by FCs was examined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The role of this chemokine in FC migration towards ASM was investigated by chemotaxis assays. RESULTS Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) levels were increased in primary ASM supernatants from asthmatics compared with healthy controls. CCR2 was expressed on FCs. Fibrocytes migrated towards recombinant CCL2 and ASM supernatants. These effects were inhibited by CCL2 neutralization. CCL2 levels were increased in blood from asthmatics compared with healthy controls, and sputum CCL2 was increased in asthmatics with bronchial wall thickening. CONCLUSIONS Airway smooth muscle-derived CCL2 mediates FC migration and potentially contributes to the development of ASM hyperplasia in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Singh
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
| | - A Sutcliffe
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
| | - D Kaur
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
| | - S Gupta
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
| | - D Desai
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
| | - R Saunders
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
| | - C E Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
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Yang Y, Cheng X, Tian W, Zhou B, Wu X, Xu H, Fang F, Fang M, Xu Y. MRTF-A steers an epigenetic complex to activate endothelin-induced pro-inflammatory transcription in vascular smooth muscle cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:10460-72. [PMID: 25159611 PMCID: PMC4176337 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin (ET-1) was initially identified as a potent vasoconstrictor contributing to the maintenance of vascular rhythm. Later studies have implicated ET-1, when aberrantly up-regulated within the vasculature, in a range of human pathologies associated with disruption of vascular homeostasis. ET-1 has been shown to invoke strong pro-inflammatory response in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs); the underlying mechanism, however, remains elusive. Here, we report that the transcriptional modulator MRTF-A mediates the activation of pro-inflammatory mediators by ET-1 in VSMCs. ET-1 increased nuclear enrichment and activity of MRTF-A in cultured VSMCs. MRTF-A silencing attenuated ET-1 induced synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory mediators including IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-1 likely as a result of diminished NF-κB activity. In addition, MRTF-A was indispensible for the accumulation of active histone modifications on the gene promoters. Of intrigue, MRTF-A interacted with and recruited ASH2, a component of the mammalian histone methyltransferase complex, to transactivate pro-inflammatory genes in response to ET-1 treatment. The chromatin remodeling proteins BRG1 and BRM were also required for ET-1-dependent induction of pro-inflammatory mediators by communicating with ASH2, a process dependent on MRTF-A. In conclusion, our data have identified a novel epigenetic complex responsible for vascular inflammation inflicted by ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China Department of Nursing, Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wenfang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Bisheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Fei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Mingming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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He S, Minton AZ, Ma HY, Stankowska DL, Sun X, Krishnamoorthy RR. Involvement of AP-1 and C/EBPβ in upregulation of endothelin B (ETB) receptor expression in a rodent model of glaucoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79183. [PMID: 24265756 PMCID: PMC3827153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that the endothelin B receptor (ETB) expression was upregulated and played a key role in neurodegeneration in rodent models of glaucoma. However, the mechanisms underlying upregulation of ETB receptor expression remain largely unknown. Using promoter-reporter assays, the 1258 bp upstream the human ETB promoter region was found to be essential for constitutive expression of ETB receptor gene in human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells (HNPE). The −300 to −1 bp and −1258 to −600 bp upstream promoter regions of the ETB receptor appeared to be the key binding regions for transcription factors. In addition, the crucial AP-1 binding site located at −615 to −624 bp upstream promoter was confirmed by luciferase assays and CHIP assays which were performed following overexpression of c-Jun in HNPE cells. Overexpression of either c-Jun or C/EBPβ enhanced the ETB receptor promoter activity, which was reflected in increased mRNA and protein levels of ETB receptor. Furthermore, knock-down of either c-Jun or C/EBPβ in HNPE cells was significantly correlated to decreased mRNA levels of both ETB and ETA receptor. These observations suggest that c-Jun and C/EBPβ are important for regulated expression of the ETB receptor in HNPE cells. In separate experiments, intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated in one eye of Brown Norway rats while the corresponding contralateral eye served as control. Two weeks of IOP elevation produced increased expression of c-Jun and C/EBPβ in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer from IOP-elevated eyes. The mRNA levels of c-Jun, ETA and ETB receptor were upregulated by 2.2-, 3.1- and 4.4-fold in RGC layers obtained by laser capture microdissection from retinas of eyes with elevated IOP, compared to those from contralateral eyes. Taken together, these data suggest that transcription factor AP-1 plays a key role in elevation of ETB receptor in a rodent model of ocular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing He
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alena Z. Minton
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hai-Ying Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dorota L. Stankowska
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiangle Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Raghu R. Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States of America
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TNFα and IL-17 cooperatively stimulate glucose metabolism and growth factor production in human colorectal cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:78. [PMID: 23866118 PMCID: PMC3725176 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a well-known etiological factor for colorectal cancer, but mechanisms underlying the linkage between inflammation and cancer are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that two pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL-17, might play a role in promoting colorectal carcinogenesis. Aerobic glycolysis is a metabolic adaptation that promotes the survival/proliferation of cancer cells. Paracrine signaling between tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts also plays a role in carcinogenesis. Methods The effect of TNFα and IL-17 on aerobic glycolysis and growth factor production in cultured human colorectal cancer cells was investigated. Glucose utilization and lactate production were quantified by measuring the disappearance of glucose and appearance of lactate in the culture medium. Glucose transporter and glycolytic enzyme expression levels were measured by immunoblotting. Results TNFα and IL-17 cooperatively stimulated glycolysis in HT-29, T84, Caco-2 and HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Treatment of HT-29 cells with TNFα plus IL-17 also increased the expression of HIF-1α and c-myc, two factors know to induce the transcription of genes encoding components of the glycolytic pathway. To further investigate mechanisms for cytokine-stimulated glycolysis, the effects of TNFα and IL-17 on expression of six members and one regulator of the glycolytic pathway were investigated. TNFα and IL-17 cooperatively increased the expression of the glucose transporter SLC2A1 and hexokinase-2 but did not regulate expression of glucose transporter SLC2A3, enolase-1, pyruvate kinase M2, lactate dehydrogenase A, or 6-phoshofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 (PFKFB3). Experiments with inhibitors indicated that HIF-1α played a role in induction of SLC2A1 and that the transcription factor NF-κB played a role in induction of hexokinase-2 by TNFα and IL-17. TNFα and IL-17 also synergistically stimulated production by HT-29 cells of a growth factor that simulated proliferation/survival of NIL8 fibroblastic cells. The activity of this factor was not specifically inhibited by the EGFR inhibitor AG1478, indicating that it is not an EGFR ligand. Conclusions Chronic inflammation is known to promote colorectal tumorigenesis. The pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-17 may contribute to this effect by stimulating glycolysis and growth factor production in colorectal cancer cells.
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Deng X, Xu M, Yuan C, Yin L, Chen X, Zhou X, Li G, Fu Y, Feghali-Bostwick CA, Pang L. Transcriptional regulation of increased CCL2 expression in pulmonary fibrosis involves nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1366-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Ilarraza R, Wu Y, Skappak CD, Ajamian F, Proud D, Adamko DJ. Rhinovirus has the unique ability to directly activate human T cells in vitro. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:395-404. [PMID: 23374267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus infection is a leading cause of exacerbation of airway diseases. We hypothesize that airway viruses activate inflammatory cells, inducing airway dysfunction. We have previously shown that airway viruses can induce eosinophil degranulation when cocultured with T cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs). These findings suggested that antigen presentation was important for T-cell activation. OBJECTIVE Given the clinical importance of rhinovirus, we sought to determine whether it had any unique abilities to activate inflammatory cells compared with another common virus, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). METHODS We cocultured combinations of human leukocytes (T cells, moDCs, and eosinophils) with each virus. Using assays of BrdU incorporation, flow cytometry, and ELISA, we measured T-cell activation, rhinovirus expression, T-cell death, and eosinophil cysteinyl leukotriene release. RESULTS In contrast to RSV, rhinovirus induced T-cell activation without the involvement of moDCs. Without moDCs, rhinovirus induced T-cell proliferation of both CD4 and CD8(+) cells, cytokine production, and ultimately, eosinophil stimulation. Although chloroquine inhibited RSV-induced activation of T cells through moDCs, rhinovirus was not inhibited; UV inactivation did block the rhinovirus effect. We also found that T cells could be infected by rhinovirus in vitro and within human nasal explant tissue. Although Toll-like receptors did not appear to be involved in T-cell activation, antagonists of Jun N-terminal kinase and nuclear factor κB did inhibit T-cell responses to rhinovirus. CONCLUSION Rhinovirus has the unique ability to bypass antigen presentation and directly infect and activate human T cells. This could explain the strong association of rhinovirus with exacerbation of airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramses Ilarraza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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30
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Dai M, Freeman B, Bruno FP, Shikani HJ, Tanowitz HB, Weiss LM, Reznik SE, Stephani RA, Desruisseaux MS. The novel ETA receptor antagonist HJP-272 prevents cerebral microvascular hemorrhage in cerebral malaria and synergistically improves survival in combination with an artemisinin derivative. Life Sci 2012; 91:687-92. [PMID: 22820174 PMCID: PMC3523882 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between vasculopathy and survival during experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), and to determine whether targeting the endothelin-1 (ET-1) pathway alone or in combination with the anti-malaria drug artemether (a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin) will improve microvascular hemorrhage and survival. MAIN METHODS C57BL/6 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) were randomly assigned to four groups: no treatment, artemether treated, ET(A) receptor antagonist (HJP-272) treated, or HJP-272 and artemether treated. The uninfected control mice were treated with HJP-272 and artemether. We analyzed survival, cerebral hemorrhage, weight change, blood glucose levels and parasitemia. KEY FINDINGS Our studies demonstrated decreased brain hemorrhage in PbA-infected (ECM) mice treated when HJP-272, a 1,3,6-trisubstituted-2-carboxy-quinol-4-one novel ET(A) receptor antagonist synthesized by our group, is used in conjunction with artemether, an anti-malarial agent. In addition, despite adversely affecting parasitemia and weight in non-artemether treated infected mice, HJP-272, seemed to confer some survival benefit when used as adjunctive therapy, though this did not reach significance. SIGNIFICANCE Previous studies demonstrate that the endothelin pathway is associated with vasculopathy, neuronal injury and inflammation in ECM. As demonstrated here, components of the ET-1 pathway may be important targets for adjunctive therapy in ECM, and may help in preventing hemorrhage and in improving survival when used as adjunctive therapy during malaria infection. The data presented suggest that our novel agent, HJP-272, may ameliorate alterations in the vasculature which can potentially lead to inflammation, neurological dysfunction, and subsequent death in mice with ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxian Dai
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Brandi Freeman
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Fernando P. Bruno
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Henry J. Shikani
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Herbert B. Tanowitz
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Sandra E. Reznik
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | - Ralph A. Stephani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, United States of America
| | - Mahalia S. Desruisseaux
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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Said N, Theodorescu D. Permissive role of endothelin receptors in tumor metastasis. Life Sci 2012; 91:522-7. [PMID: 22846215 PMCID: PMC11207194 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis remains the major driver of mortality in patients with cancer. The multistep metastatic process requires the concerted actions of several genes and involves tumor cell invasion, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), shedding from primary tumor, intravasation, arrest, extravasation and colonization at a preferential site. Understanding this complex process would provide the basis for the development of molecularly targeted therapeutics aimed at the tumor cell or its interaction with the host microenvironment. The neuropeptide hormones endothelins (specially, ET-1) have been correlated with invasiveness and metastasis of several cancers and high ET-1 levels are associated with decreased disease-specific survival. The mechanism(s) by which ET-1 promotes metastasis are being gradually unraveled. Through preferential binding to cognate receptors (ET(A)R or ET(B)R), ET-1 triggers autocrine and paracrine signaling cascades in tumor, immune and stromal cells, at both primary and distant sites, supporting cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we will summarize the role of the ET axis in metastasis of different cancers and potential targeting of ET receptors in the therapeutic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen Said
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Colorado, USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
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Suzuki E, Karam E, Williams S, Watson DK, Gilkeson G, Zhang XK. Fli-1 transcription factor affects glomerulonephritis development by regulating expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in endothelial cells in the kidney. Clin Immunol 2012; 145:201-8. [PMID: 23108091 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Expression of transcription factor Fli-1 is implicated in the development of glomerulonephritis. Fli-1 heterozygous knockout (Fli1(+/-)) NZM2410 mice, a murine model of lupus, had significantly improved survival and reduced glomerulonephritis. In this study, we found that infiltrated inflammatory cells were significantly decreased in the kidneys from Fli-1(+/-) NZM2410 mice. The expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was significantly decreased in kidneys from Fli-1(+/-) NZM2410 mice. The primary endothelial cells isolated from the kidneys of Fli-1(+/-) NZM2410 mice produced significantly less MCP-1. In endothelial cells transfected with specific Fli-1 siRNA the production of MCP-1 was significantly reduced compared to cells transfected with negative control siRNA. By Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, we further demonstrated that Fli-1 directly binds to the promoter of the MCP-1 gene. Our data indicate that Fli-1 impacts glomerulonephritis development by regulating expression of inflammatory chemokine MCP-1 and inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidneys in the NZM2410 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Choi J, Kim SH, Kim S. Suppressive effects of PG201, an antiarthritic botanical formulation, on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators in Raw264.7 cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:499-508. [PMID: 22442340 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PG201, an ethanol extract from a mixture of 12 herbs, has strong antiarthritic activity. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effects, PG201-mediated suppression of inflammatory mediators was studied in Raw264.7, a mouse macrophage cell line. PG201 decreased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and CC chemokine ligand-2, but not tumor necrosis factor-α, at the protein and mRNA levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. Results from a gel retardation assay indicated that PG201 substantially reduced the DNA-binding activity of the activator protein-1 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element-binding protein transcription factors, but not nuclear factor-κB. Western blot and Northern blot analyses showed that PG201 reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) protein expression, but did not affect mRNA expression, ultimately resulting in decreased nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2). The protein expression of cPLA(2) was decreased by PG201 in the presence of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of translation, suggesting that PG201 may facilitate the degradation of cPLA(2). Taken together, these results suggest that PG201 selectively affects the expression of proteins that play key roles in the inflammatory response at transcriptional and post-translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Patel JK, Clifford RL, Deacon K, Knox AJ. Ciclesonide inhibits TNFα- and IL-1β-induced monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) secretion from human airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L785-92. [PMID: 22246000 PMCID: PMC3331580 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00257.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) is a member of the CC family of cytokines. It has monocyte and lymphocyte chemotactic activity and stimulates histamine release from basophils. MCP-1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including asthma. The airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer is thickened in asthma, and the growth factors and cytokines secreted by ASM cells play a role in the inflammatory response of the bronchial wall. Glucocorticoids and β2-agonists are first-line drug treatments for asthma. Little is known about the effect of asthma treatments on MCP-1 production from human ASM cells. Here, we determined the effect of ciclesonide (a glucocorticoid) and formoterol (a β2-agonist) on MCP-1 production from human ASM cells. TNFα and IL-1β induced MCP-1 secretion from human ASM cells. Formoterol had no effect on MCP-1 expression, while ciclesonide significantly inhibited IL-1β- and TNFα-induced MCP-1. Furthermore, ciclesonide inhibited IL-1β- and TNFα-induced MCP-1 mRNA and IL-1β- and TNFα-induced MCP-1 promoter and enhancer luciferase reporters. Western blots showed that ciclesonide had no effect on IκB degradation. Finally, ciclesonide inhibited an NF-κB luciferase reporter. Our data show that ciclesonide inhibits IL-1β- and TNFα-induced MCP-1 production from human ASM cells via a transcriptional mechanism involving inhibition of NF-κB binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie K Patel
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Airway smooth muscle has classically been of interest for its contractile response linked to bronchoconstriction. However, terminally differentiated smooth muscle cells are phenotypically plastic and have multifunctional capacity for proliferation, cellular hypertrophy, migration, and the synthesis of extracellular matrix and inflammatory mediators. These latter properties of airway smooth muscle are important in airway remodeling which is a structural alteration that compounds the impact of contractile responses on limiting airway conductance. In this overview, we describe the important signaling components and the functional evidence supporting a view of smooth muscle cells at the core of fibroproliferative remodeling of hollow organs. Signal transduction components and events are summarized that control the basic cellular processes of proliferation, cell survival, apoptosis, and cellular migration. We delineate known intracellular control mechanisms and suggest future areas of interest to pursue to more fully understand factors that regulate normal myocyte function and airway remodeling in obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Gerthoffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
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Carignan D, Désy O, de Campos-Lima PO. The dysregulation of the monocyte/macrophage effector function induced by isopropanol is mediated by the defective activation of distinct members of the AP-1 family of transcription factors. Toxicol Sci 2011; 125:144-56. [PMID: 22020770 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Isopropanol is the second most common cause of short-chain alcohol acute intoxication. Nonethanolic short-chain alcohols mediate their immunomodulatory effect by interfering with nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activation with or without additional activator protein-1 (AP-1) involvement. In the present study, we examined the immunomodulation induced by isopropanol in conditions that are not reliant on NFAT: the inflammatory cytokine response of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes. Our hypothesis was that isopropanol acute exposure would have an attenuated effect or no consequence in this setting. To our surprise, the impairment of AP-1 activation was sufficient to mediate a severe and dose-dependent phenotype in human monocytes in vitro at alcohol concentrations as low as 0.16% (or 26 mM). There were three outcomes: interleukin (IL)-1β/IL-8 were unaltered; IL-6 was upregulated; and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)/CCL2 were downregulated. The effector function of human monocyte-derived macrophages was also compromised. Our results showed that Toll-like receptor 4 early signaling was preserved, as isopropanol did not change the kinase activity of the IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 in LPS-stimulated cells. The nuclear factor-κB signaling cascade and the p38/c-Jun N-terminal kinase modules of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway were alcohol insensitive. Conversely, the activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and, ultimately, of c-Fos and JunB were impaired. The alcohol-induced cytokine dysregulation was confirmed in a mouse model of isopropanol intoxication in which the production of TNF-α in response to LPS challenge was virtually abolished. The magnitude of this alcohol effect was sufficiently high to rescue animals from LPS-induced toxic shock. Our data contribute to the dismal body of information on the immunotoxicology of isopropanol, one of the most ubiquitous chemicals to which the general population is significantly exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Carignan
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec G1R 2J6, Canada
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Cocaine hijacks σ1 receptor to initiate induction of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule: implication for increased monocyte adhesion and migration in the CNS. J Neurosci 2011; 31:5942-55. [PMID: 21508219 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5618-10.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated increase in monocyte adhesion and trafficking is exacerbated by cocaine abuse. The underlying mechanisms involve cocaine-mediated upregulation of adhesion molecules with subsequent disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recently, a novel activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) has been implicated in leukocyte transmigration across the endothelium. We now show that upregulation of ALCAM in the brain endothelium seen in HIV(+)/cocaine drug abusers paralleled increased CD68 immunostaining compared with HIV(+)/no cocaine or uninfected controls, suggesting the important role of ALCAM in promoting leukocyte infiltration across the BBB. Furthermore, ALCAM expression was increased in cocaine-treated mice with concomitant increase in monocyte adhesion and transmigration in vivo, which was ameliorated by pretreating with the neutralizing antibody to ALCAM, lending additional support to the role of ALCAM. This new concept was further confirmed by in vitro experiments. Cocaine-mediated induction of ALCAM in human brain microvascular endothelial cells through the translocation of σ receptor to the plasma membrane, followed by phosphorylation of PDGF-β (platelet-derived growth factor-β) receptor. Downstream activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, Akt, and NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) pathways resulted in induced expression of ALCAM. Functional implication of upregulated ALCAM was confirmed using cell adhesion and transmigration assays. Neutralizing antibody to ALCAM ameliorated this effect. Together, these findings implicate cocaine-mediated induction of ALCAM as a mediator of increased monocyte adhesion/transmigration into the CNS.
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Said N, Smith S, Sanchez-Carbayo M, Theodorescu D. Tumor endothelin-1 enhances metastatic colonization of the lung in mouse xenograft models of bladder cancer. J Clin Invest 2010; 121:132-47. [PMID: 21183790 DOI: 10.1172/jci42912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with advanced bladder cancer develop lethal metastases to the lung. The vasoconstricting protein endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in this process, although the mechanism(s) by which it promotes metastasis remains unclear. Here, we have evaluated whether tumor ET-1 expression can serve as a biomarker for lung metastasis and whether it is required for metastatic disease. Evaluation of ET-1 mRNA and protein expression in four patient cohorts revealed that levels of ET-1 are higher in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancers, which are associated with higher incidence of metastasis, and that high ET-1 levels are associated with decreased disease-specific survival. Consistent with its proinflammatory activity, we found that tumor-derived ET-1 acts through endothelin-1 receptor A (ETAR) to enhance migration and invasion of both tumor cells and macrophages and induces expression of inflammatory cytokines and proteases. Using human and mouse cancer cells depleted of ET-1 and pharmacologic blockade of ET receptors in lung metastasis models, we found that tumor ET-1 expression and ETAR activity are necessary for metastatic lung colonization and that this process is preceded by and dependent on macrophage infiltration of the lung. In contrast, tumor ET-1 expression and ETAR activity appeared less important in established primary or metastatic tumor growth. These findings strongly suggest that ETAR inhibitors might be more effective as adjuvant therapeutic agents than as initial treatment for advanced primary or metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen Said
- Department of Molecular Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Simonson MS, Ismail-Beigi F. Endothelin-1 increases collagen accumulation in renal mesangial cells by stimulating a chemokine and cytokine autocrine signaling loop. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:11003-8. [PMID: 21169360 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.190793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of collagen accumulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and renal and cardiac fibrosis in diabetes. However, the mechanism by which ET-1 promotes collagen accumulation remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the gene expression profile of ET-1-stimulated mesangial cells to identify determinants of collagen accumulation. In human mesangial cells (a microvascular pericyte that secretes excess collagen in diabetic glomerulosclerosis), ET-1 increased mRNA and protein for MCP-1 (macrophage chemoattractant protein-1) and IL-6. ET-1-induced MCP-1 and IL-6 mRNAs and proteins were blocked by an ET(A) (but not ET(B)) receptor antagonist. ET-1/ET(A) receptor signaling evoked a 7.4-fold increase in collagen accumulation. Exogenous addition of either recombinant MCP-1 or IL-6 increased collagen accumulation by 3.5-fold. Co-stimulation with both MCP-1 and IL-6 did not elevate collagen accumulation further. Neither an MCP-1-neutralizing antibody nor an MCP-1 receptor antagonist inhibited ET-1-induced collagen accumulation. Similarly, neutralizing antibodies against IL-6 or the gp130 subunit of the IL-6 receptor did not attenuate ET-1-induced collagen accumulation. However, co-incubation with MCP-1- and IL-6-neutralizing antibodies inhibited ET-1-induced collagen accumulation by 52%, suggesting a robust autocrine loop wherein MCP-1 and IL-6 are redundant. Taken together, these results demonstrate that an autocrine signaling loop involving MCP-1 and IL-6 contributes to ET-1-induced collagen accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Simonson
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Tantiwong P, Shanmugasundaram K, Monroy A, Ghosh S, Li M, DeFronzo RA, Cersosimo E, Sriwijitkamol A, Mohan S, Musi N. NF-κB activity in muscle from obese and type 2 diabetic subjects under basal and exercise-stimulated conditions. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 299:E794-801. [PMID: 20739506 PMCID: PMC2980364 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00776.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB is a transcription factor that controls the gene expression of several proinflammatory proteins. Cell culture and animal studies have implicated increased NF-κB activity in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and muscle atrophy. However, it is unclear whether insulin-resistant human subjects have abnormal NF-κB activity in muscle. The effect that exercise has on NF-κB activity/signaling also is not clear. We measured NF-κB DNA-binding activity and the mRNA level of putative NF-κB-regulated myokines interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in muscle samples from T2DM, obese, and lean subjects immediately before, during (40 min), and after (210 min) a bout of moderate-intensity cycle exercise. At baseline, NF-κB activity was elevated 2.1- and 2.7-fold in obese nondiabetic and T2DM subjects, respectively. NF-κB activity was increased significantly at 210 min following exercise in lean (1.9-fold) and obese (2.6-fold) subjects, but NF-κB activity did not change in T2DM. Exercise increased MCP-1 mRNA levels significantly in the three groups, whereas IL-6 gene expression increased significantly only in lean and obese subjects. MCP-1 and IL-6 gene expression peaked at the 40-min exercise time point. We conclude that insulin-resistant subjects have increased basal NF-κB activity in muscle. Acute exercise stimulates NF-κB in muscle from nondiabetic subjects. In T2DM subjects, exercise had no effect on NF-κB activity, which could be explained by the already elevated NF-κB activity at baseline. Exercise-induced MCP-1 and IL-6 gene expression precedes increases in NF-κB activity, suggesting that other factors promote gene expression of these cytokines during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puntip Tantiwong
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA
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Tanfin Z, Leiber D, Robin P, Oyeniran C, Breuiller-Fouché M. Endothelin-1: physiological and pathological roles in myometrium. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 43:299-302. [PMID: 20974279 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a member of endothelin peptide family is released by many different tissues including uterine smooth muscle. ET-1 acts through ETA and ETB receptors and is implicated in a wide range of biological and pathological functions that explain the great attention of the pharmacological industry for ET-1 receptors as potential therapeutic targets in vascular pathologies and cancers. It is now well established that ET-1 is also able to regulate myometrial functions. In the present review, we focused on ET axis and related signaling pathways involved in the regulation of myometrial contraction, as well as cell proliferation and survival. Such ET-1-mediated cellular functions play a critical role in normal pregnancy, preterm birth and uterine leiomyoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tanfin
- Université Paris Sud-11, CNRS, UMR-8619, Institut de Biochimie et Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Signalisation et Régulations Cellulaires, 91400 Orsay, France.
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Molecular mechanisms involving sigma receptor-mediated induction of MCP-1: implication for increased monocyte transmigration. Blood 2010; 115:4951-62. [PMID: 20354174 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-01-266221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine abuse hastens the neurodegeneration often associated with advanced HIV-1 infection. The mechanisms, in part, revolve around the neuroinflammatory processes mediated by the chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2). Understanding factors that modulate MCP-1 and, in turn, facilitate monocyte extravasation in the brain is thus of paramount importance. We now demonstrate that cocaine induces MCP-1 in rodent microglia through translocation of the sigma receptor to the lipid raft microdomains of the plasma membrane. Sequential activation of Src, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and phosphatidylinositol-3' kinase (PI3K)/Akt and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathways resulted in increased MCP-1 expression. Furthermore, conditioned media from cocaine-exposed microglia increased monocyte transmigration, and thus was blocked by antagonists for CCR2 or sigma receptor. These findings were corroborated by demonstrating increased monocyte transmigration in mice exposed to cocaine, which was attenuated by pretreatment of mice with the sigma receptor antagonist. Interestingly, cocaine-mediated transmigratory effects were not observed in CCR2 knockout mice. We conclude that cocaine-mediated induction of MCP-1 accelerates monocyte extravasation across the endothelium. Understanding the regulation of MCP-1 expression and functional changes by cocaine/sigma receptor system may provide insights into the development of potential therapeutic targets for HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders.
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