1
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Asowata EO, Romoli S, Sargeant R, Tan JY, Hoffmann S, Huang MM, Mahbubani KT, Krause FN, Jachimowicz D, Agren R, Koulman A, Jenkins B, Musial B, Griffin JL, Soderberg M, Ling S, Hansen PBL, Saeb-Parsy K, Woollard KJ. Multi-omics and imaging mass cytometry characterization of human kidneys to identify pathways and phenotypes associated with impaired kidney function. Kidney Int 2024; 106:85-97. [PMID: 38431215 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in our understanding of the role of lipids, metabolites, and related enzymes in mediating kidney injury, there is limited integrated multi-omics data identifying potential metabolic pathways driving impaired kidney function. The limited availability of kidney biopsies from living donors with acute kidney injury has remained a major constraint. Here, we validated the use of deceased transplant donor kidneys as a good model to study acute kidney injury in humans and characterized these kidneys using imaging and multi-omics approaches. We noted consistent changes in kidney injury and inflammatory markers in donors with reduced kidney function. Neighborhood and correlation analyses of imaging mass cytometry data showed that subsets of kidney cells (proximal tubular cells and fibroblasts) are associated with the expression profile of kidney immune cells, potentially linking these cells to kidney inflammation. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of human kidneys showed that kidney arachidonic acid metabolism and seven other metabolic pathways were upregulated following diminished kidney function. To validate the arachidonic acid pathway in impaired kidney function we demonstrated increased levels of cytosolic phospholipase A2 protein and related lipid mediators (prostaglandin E2) in the injured kidneys. Further, inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 reduced injury and inflammation in human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells in vitro. Thus, our study identified cell types and metabolic pathways that may be critical for controlling inflammation associated with impaired kidney function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans O Asowata
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Romoli
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Sargeant
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Y Tan
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Hoffmann
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret M Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Krishnaa T Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fynn N Krause
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Jachimowicz
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Agren
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Albert Koulman
- NIHR BRC Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Jenkins
- NIHR BRC Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Musial
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus Soderberg
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Ling
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pernille B L Hansen
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Kevin J Woollard
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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2
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Otunla AA, Shanmugarajah K, Davies AH, Shalhoub J. Lipotoxicity and immunometabolism in ischemic acute kidney injury: current perspectives and future directions. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1355674. [PMID: 38464721 PMCID: PMC10924325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1355674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism is implicated in the pathophysiology of a range of kidney diseases. The specific mechanisms through which lipotoxicity contributes to acute kidney injury (AKI) remain poorly understood. Herein we review the cardinal features of lipotoxic injury in ischemic kidney injury; lipid accumulation and mitochondrial lipotoxicity. We then explore a new mechanism of lipotoxicity, what we define as "immunometabolic" lipotoxicity, and discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting this lipotoxicity using lipid lowering medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolarin A. Otunla
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alun H. Davies
- UK and Imperial Vascular Unit, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Shalhoub
- UK and Imperial Vascular Unit, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Dalga D, Verissimo T, de Seigneux S. Gluconeogenesis in the kidney: in health and in chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:1249-1257. [PMID: 37529654 PMCID: PMC10387387 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue with increasing prevalence. Despite large improvements in current therapies, slowing CKD progression remains a challenge. A better understanding of renal pathophysiology is needed to offer new therapeutic targets. The role of metabolism alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction in tubular cells is increasingly recognized in CKD progression. In proximal tubular cells, CKD progression is associated with a switch from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis. Glucose synthesis through gluconeogenesis is one of the principal physiological functions of the kidney. Loss of tubular gluconeogenesis in a stage-dependent manner is a key feature of CKD and contributes to systemic and possibly local metabolic complications. The local consequences observed may be related to an accumulation of precursors, such as glycogen, but also to the various physiological functions of the gluconeogenesis enzymes. The basic features of metabolism in proximal tubular cells and their modifications during CKD will be reviewed. The metabolic modifications and their influence on kidney disease will be described, as well as the local and systemic consequences. Finally, therapeutic interventions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delal Dalga
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Verissimo
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Yang D, Fan Y, Xiong M, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Liu X, Yuan Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Petersen RB, Su H, Yue J, Zhang C, Chen H, Huang K, Zheng L. Loss of renal tubular G9a benefits acute kidney injury by lowering focal lipid accumulation via CES1. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56128. [PMID: 37042626 PMCID: PMC10240209 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgery-induced renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury and nephrotoxic drugs like cisplatin can cause acute kidney injury (AKI), for which there is no effective therapy. Lipid accumulation is evident following AKI in renal tubules although the mechanisms and pathological effects are unclear. Here, we report that Ehmt2-encoded histone methyltransferase G9a is upregulated in patients and mouse kidneys after AKI. Renal tubular specific knockout of G9a (Ehmt2Ksp ) or pharmacological inhibition of G9a alleviates lipid accumulation associated with AKI. Mechanistically, G9a suppresses transcription of the lipolytic enzyme Ces1; moreover, G9a and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) competitively bind to the same promoter regions of Ces1. Ces1 is consistently observed to be downregulated in the kidney of AKI patients. Pharmacological inhibition of Ces1 increases lipid accumulation, exacerbates renal I/R-injury and eliminates the beneficial effects on AKI observed in Ehmt2Ksp mice. Furthermore, lipid-lowering atorvastatin and an FXR agonist alleviate AKI by activating Ces1 and reducing renal lipid accumulation. Together, our results reveal a G9a/FXR-Ces1 axis that affects the AKI outcome via regulating renal lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yu Fan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Mingrui Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yuchen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yihao Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xikai Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yangmian Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Robert B Petersen
- Foundational SciencesCentral Michigan University College of MedicineMt. PleasantMIUSA
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Junqiu Yue
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Kun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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5
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Tanriover C, Copur S, Ucku D, Cakir AB, Hasbal NB, Soler MJ, Kanbay M. The Mitochondrion: A Promising Target for Kidney Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020570. [PMID: 36839892 PMCID: PMC9960839 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is important in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases and the mitochondria potentially serve as therapeutic targets necessitating further investigation. Alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis, imbalance between fusion and fission processes leading to mitochondrial fragmentation, oxidative stress, release of cytochrome c and mitochondrial DNA resulting in apoptosis, mitophagy, and defects in energy metabolism are the key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney diseases. Currently, various strategies target the mitochondria to improve kidney function and kidney treatment. The agents used in these strategies can be classified as biogenesis activators, fission inhibitors, antioxidants, mPTP inhibitors, and agents which enhance mitophagy and cardiolipin-protective drugs. Several glucose-lowering drugs, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA) and sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are also known to have influences on these mechanisms. In this review, we delineate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney disease, the current mitochondria-targeting treatment options affecting the kidneys and the future role of mitochondria in kidney pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Tanriover
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Ucku
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet B. Cakir
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuri B. Hasbal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maria Jose Soler
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +90-212-2508250
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6
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Rinaldi A, Lazareth H, Poindessous V, Nemazanyy I, Sampaio JL, Malpetti D, Bignon Y, Naesens M, Rabant M, Anglicheau D, Cippà PE, Pallet N. Impaired fatty acid metabolism perpetuates lipotoxicity along the transition to chronic kidney injury. JCI Insight 2022; 7:161783. [PMID: 35998043 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism failure in proximal tubule cells (PTC) is a hallmark of chronic kidney injury. We combined transcriptomic, metabolomic and lipidomic approaches in experimental models and patient cohorts to investigate the molecular bases of the progression to chronic kidney allograft injury initiated by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The urinary metabolome of kidney transplant recipients with chronic allograft injury and who experienced severe IRI was significantly enriched with long chain fatty acids (FA). We identified a renal FA-related gene signature with low levels of Cpt2 and Acsm5 and high levels of Acsl4 and Acsm5 associated with IRI, transition to chronic injury, and established CKD in mouse models and kidney transplant recipients. The findings were consistent with the presence of Cpt2-, Acsl4+, Acsl5+, Acsm5- PTC failing to recover from IRI as identified by snRNAseq. In vitro experiments indicated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to CPT2 repression, which, in turn, promotes lipids accumulation, drives profibrogenic epithelial phenotypic changes, and activates the unfolded protein response. ER stress through CPT2 inhibition and lipid accumulation, engages an auto-amplification loop leading to lipotoxicity and self-sustained cellular stress. Thus, IRI imprints a persistent FA metabolism disturbance in the proximal tubule sustaining the progression to chronic kidney allograft injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rinaldi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Lazareth
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France
| | | | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- PMM: The Metabolism-Metabolome Platform, Necker Federative Research Structu, INSERM US24/CNRS, UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Julio L Sampaio
- CurieCoreTech Metabolomics and Lipidomics Technology Platform, Paris, France
| | - Daniele Malpetti
- Instituto Dalle Molle di Studi sull'Intelligenza Artificiale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Yohan Bignon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marion Rabant
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pietro E Cippà
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Pallet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Paris, France
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7
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Owen A, Patel JM, Parekh D, Bangash MN. Mechanisms of Post-critical Illness Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:854421. [PMID: 35911546 PMCID: PMC9334745 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.854421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged critical care stays commonly follow trauma, severe burn injury, sepsis, ARDS, and complications of major surgery. Although patients leave critical care following homeostatic recovery, significant additional diseases affect these patients during and beyond the convalescent phase. New cardiovascular and renal disease is commonly seen and roughly one third of all deaths in the year following discharge from critical care may come from this cluster of diseases. During prolonged critical care stays, the immunometabolic, inflammatory and neurohumoral response to severe illness in conjunction with resuscitative treatments primes the immune system and parenchymal tissues to develop a long-lived pro-inflammatory and immunosenescent state. This state is perpetuated by persistent Toll-like receptor signaling, free radical mediated isolevuglandin protein adduct formation and presentation by antigen presenting cells, abnormal circulating HDL and LDL isoforms, redox and metabolite mediated epigenetic reprogramming of the innate immune arm (trained immunity), and the development of immunosenescence through T-cell exhaustion/anergy through epigenetic modification of the T-cell genome. Under this state, tissue remodeling in the vascular, cardiac, and renal parenchymal beds occurs through the activation of pro-fibrotic cellular signaling pathways, causing vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis, adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, and proteinuria and accelerated chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Owen
- Department of Critical Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jaimin M. Patel
- Department of Critical Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dhruv Parekh
- Department of Critical Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mansoor N. Bangash
- Department of Critical Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Mansoor N. Bangash
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8
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Immunometabolic rewiring of tubular epithelial cells in kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:588-603. [PMID: 35798902 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Kidney tubular epithelial cells (TECs) have a crucial role in the damage and repair response to acute and chronic injury. To adequately respond to constant changes in the environment, TECs have considerable bioenergetic needs, which are supported by metabolic pathways. Although little is known about TEC metabolism, a number of ground-breaking studies have shown that defective glucose metabolism or fatty acid oxidation in the kidney has a key role in the response to kidney injury. Imbalanced use of these metabolic pathways can predispose TECs to apoptosis and dedifferentiation, and contribute to lipotoxicity and kidney injury. The accumulation of lipids and aberrant metabolic adaptations of TECs during kidney disease can also be driven by receptors of the innate immune system. Similar to their actions in innate immune cells, pattern recognition receptors regulate the metabolic rewiring of TECs, causing cellular dysfunction and lipid accumulation. TECs should therefore be considered a specialized cell type - like cells of the innate immune system - that is subject to regulation by immunometabolism. Targeting energy metabolism in TECs could represent a strategy for metabolically reprogramming the kidney and promoting kidney repair.
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9
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Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism is a characteristic feature and potential driving factor of acute kidney injury (AKI). Of the lipids that accumulate in injured renal tissues, ceramides are potent regulators of metabolism and cell fate. Up-regulation of ceramide synthesis is a common feature shared across several AKI etiologies in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ceramide accumulation is an early event in the natural history of AKI that precedes cell death and organ dysfunction. Emerging evidence suggests that inhibition of ceramide accumulation may improve renal outcomes in several models of AKI. This review examines the landscape of ceramide metabolism and regulation in the healthy and injured kidney. Furthermore, we discuss the body of literature regarding ceramides as therapeutic targets for AKI and consider potential mechanisms by which ceramides drive kidney pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah J Nicholson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
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10
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Pressly JD, Gurumani MZ, Varona Santos JT, Fornoni A, Merscher S, Al-Ali H. Adaptive and maladaptive roles of lipid droplets in health and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C468-C481. [PMID: 35108119 PMCID: PMC8917915 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00239.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of lipid droplet biology have revealed essential roles for these organelles in mediating proper cellular homeostasis and stress response. Lipid droplets were initially thought to play a passive role in energy storage. However, recent studies demonstrate that they have substantially broader functions, including protection from reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and lipotoxicity. Dysregulation of lipid droplet homeostasis is associated with various pathologies spanning neurological, metabolic, cardiovascular, oncological, and renal diseases. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of lipid droplet biology in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Pressly
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Margaret Z. Gurumani
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Javier T. Varona Santos
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sandra Merscher
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,3Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,4The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,5Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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11
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Lipidomic approaches to dissect dysregulated lipid metabolism in kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:38-55. [PMID: 34616096 PMCID: PMC9146017 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidaemia is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The severity of dyslipidaemia not only correlates with CKD stage but is also associated with CKD-associated cardiovascular disease and mortality. Understanding how lipids are dysregulated in CKD is, however, challenging owing to the incredible diversity of lipid structures. CKD-associated dyslipidaemia occurs as a consequence of complex interactions between genetic, environmental and kidney-specific factors, which to understand, requires an appreciation of perturbations in the underlying network of genes, proteins and lipids. Modern lipidomic technologies attempt to systematically identify and quantify lipid species from biological systems. The rapid development of a variety of analytical platforms based on mass spectrometry has enabled the identification of complex lipids at great precision and depth. Insights from lipidomics studies to date suggest that the overall architecture of free fatty acid partitioning between fatty acid oxidation and complex lipid fatty acid composition is an important driver of CKD progression. Available evidence suggests that CKD progression is associated with metabolic inflexibility, reflecting a diminished capacity to utilize free fatty acids through β-oxidation, and resulting in the diversion of accumulating fatty acids to complex lipids such as triglycerides. This effect is reversed with interventions that improve kidney health, suggesting that targeting of lipid abnormalities could be beneficial in preventing CKD progression.
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12
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Kawaguchi S, Okada M. Cardiac Metabolism in Sepsis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120846. [PMID: 34940604 PMCID: PMC8707959 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction is believed to be different from that of myocardial ischemia. In sepsis, chemical mediators, such as endotoxins, cytokines, and nitric oxide, cause metabolic abnormalities, mitochondrial dysfunction, and downregulation of β-adrenergic receptors. These factors inhibit the production of ATP, essential for myocardial energy metabolism, resulting in cardiac dysfunction. This review focuses on the metabolic changes in sepsis, particularly in the heart. In addition to managing inflammation, interventions focusing on metabolism may be a new therapeutic strategy for cardiac dysfunction due to sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawaguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Motoi Okada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-166-68-2852
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13
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Ma H, Guo X, Cui S, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Shen X, Xie C, Li J. Dephosphorylation of AMP-activated kinase exacerbates ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury via mitochondrial dysfunction. Kidney Int 2021; 101:315-330. [PMID: 34774556 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Kidney tubular epithelial cells are high energy-consuming epithelial cells that depend mainly on fatty acid oxidation for an energy supply. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of energy production in most cells, but the function of AMPK in tubular epithelial cells in acute kidney disease is unclear. Here, we found a rapid decrease in Thr172-AMPKα phosphorylation after ischemia/reperfusion in both in vivo and in vitro models. Mice with kidney tubular epithelial cell-specific AMPKα deletion exhibited exacerbated kidney impairment and apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells after ischemia/reperfusion. AMPKα deficiency was accompanied by the accumulation of lipid droplets in the kidney tubules and the elevation of ceramides and free fatty acid levels following ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mechanistically, ischemia/reperfusion triggered ceramide production and activated protein phosphatase PP2A, which dephosphorylated Thr172-AMPKα. Decreased AMPK activity repressed serine/threonine kinase ULK1-mediated autophagy and impeded clearance of the dysfunctional mitochondria. Targeting the PP2A-AMPK axis by the allosteric AMPK activator C24 restored fatty acid oxidation and reduced tubular cell apoptosis during ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury, by antagonizing PP2A dephosphorylation and promoting the mitophagy process. Thus, our study reveals that AMPKα plays an important role in protecting against tubular epithelial cell injury in ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. Hence, activation of AMPK could be a potential therapeutic strategy for acute kidney injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongmei Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China.
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14
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Pereira-Dutra FS, Bozza PT. Lipid droplets diversity and functions in inflammation and immune response. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:809-825. [PMID: 34668810 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1995356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic and evolutionary conserved lipid-enriched organelles composed of a core of neutral lipids surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids associated with a diverse array of proteins that are cell- and stimulus-regulated. Far beyond being simply a deposit of neutral lipids, accumulating evidence demonstrate that LDs act as spatial and temporal local for lipid and protein compartmentalization and signaling organization. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the progress in our understanding of LD protein diversity and LD functions in the context of cell signaling and immune responses, highlighting the relationship between LD composition with the multiple roles of this organelle in immunometabolism, inflammation and host-response to infection. EXPERT OPINION LDs are essential platforms for various cellular processes, including metabolic regulation, cell signaling, and immune responses. The functions of LD in infection and inflammatory disease are associated with the dynamic and complexity of their proteome. Our contemporary view place LDs as critical regulators of different inflammatory and infectious diseases and key markers of leukocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe S Pereira-Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Li W, Duan A, Xing Y, Xu L, Yang J. Transcription-Based Multidimensional Regulation of Fatty Acid Metabolism by HIF1α in Renal Tubules. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:690079. [PMID: 34277635 PMCID: PMC8283824 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.690079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a basic role in renal physiology, especially in tubules. Hypoxia and hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) activation are common in renal diseases; however, the relationship between HIF and tubular lipid metabolism is poorly understood. Using prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor roxadustat (FG-4592), we verified and further explored the relationship between sustained HIF1α activation and lipid accumulation in cultured tubular cells. A transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis revealed that HIF1α directly regulates the expression of a number of genes possibly affecting lipid metabolism, including those associated with mitochondrial function. HIF1α activation suppressed fatty acid (FA) mobilization from lipid droplets (LDs) and extracellular FA uptake. Moreover, HIF1α decreased FA oxidation and ATP production. A lipidomics analysis showed that FG-4592 caused strong triglyceride (TG) accumulation and increased some types of phospholipids with polyunsaturated fatty acyl (PUFA) chains, as well as several proinflammatory lipids. Nevertheless, the overall FA level was maintained. Thus, our study indicated that HIF1α reduced the FA supply and utilization and reconstructed the composition of lipids in tubules, which is likely a part of hypoxic adaptation but could also be involved in pathological processes in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiping Duan
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuexian Xing
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingping Yang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Metabolic Alterations in Sepsis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112412. [PMID: 34072402 PMCID: PMC8197843 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as “life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection”. Contrary to the older definitions, the current one not only focuses on inflammation, but points to systemic disturbances in homeostasis, including metabolism. Sepsis leads to sepsis-induced dysfunction and mitochondrial damage, which is suggested as a major cause of cell metabolism disorders in these patients. The changes affect the metabolism of all macronutrients. The metabolism of all macronutrients is altered. A characteristic change in carbohydrate metabolism is the intensification of glycolysis, which in combination with the failure of entering pyruvate to the tricarboxylic acid cycle increases the formation of lactate. Sepsis also affects lipid metabolism—lipolysis in adipose tissue is upregulated, which leads to an increase in the level of fatty acids and triglycerides in the blood. At the same time, their use is disturbed, which may result in the accumulation of lipids and their toxic metabolites. Changes in the metabolism of ketone bodies and amino acids have also been described. Metabolic disorders in sepsis are an important area of research, both for their potential role as a target for future therapies (metabolic resuscitation) and for optimizing the current treatment, such as clinical nutrition.
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17
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McEvoy CM, Clotet-Freixas S, Tokar T, Pastrello C, Reid S, Batruch I, RaoPeters AAE, Kaths JM, Urbanellis P, Farkona S, Van JAD, Urquhart BL, John R, Jurisica I, Robinson LA, Selzner M, Konvalinka A. Normothermic Ex-vivo Kidney Perfusion in a Porcine Auto-Transplantation Model Preserves the Expression of Key Mitochondrial Proteins: An Unbiased Proteomics Analysis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100101. [PMID: 34033948 PMCID: PMC8253910 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Normothermic ex-vivo kidney perfusion (NEVKP) results in significantly improved graft function in porcine auto-transplant models of donation after circulatory death injury compared with static cold storage (SCS); however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects remain unclear. We performed an unbiased proteomics analysis of 28 kidney biopsies obtained at three time points from pig kidneys subjected to 30 min of warm ischemia, followed by 8 h of NEVKP or SCS, and auto-transplantation. 70/6593 proteins quantified were differentially expressed between NEVKP and SCS groups (false discovery rate < 0.05). Proteins increased in NEVKP mediated key metabolic processes including fatty acid ß-oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Comparison of our findings with external datasets of ischemia-reperfusion and other models of kidney injury confirmed that 47 of our proteins represent a common signature of kidney injury reversed or attenuated by NEVKP. We validated key metabolic proteins (electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta and carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial) by immunoblotting. Transcription factor databases identified members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) family of transcription factors as the upstream regulators of our dataset, and we confirmed increased expression of PPARA, PPARD, and RXRA in NEVKP with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The proteome-level changes observed in NEVKP mediate critical metabolic pathways. These effects may be coordinated by PPAR-family transcription factors and may represent novel therapeutic targets in ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitriona M McEvoy
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sergi Clotet-Freixas
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomas Tokar
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chiara Pastrello
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelby Reid
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ihor Batruch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrien A E RaoPeters
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Moritz Kaths
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Essen-Duisburg, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Urbanellis
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sofia Farkona
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie A D Van
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley L Urquhart
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rohan John
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lisa A Robinson
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Markus Selzner
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Konvalinka
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Abstract
The kidney is a highly metabolic organ that requires substantial adenosine triphosphate for the active transport required to maintain water and solute reabsorption. Aberrations in energy availability and energy utilization can lead to cellular dysfunction and death. Mitochondria are essential for efficient energy production. The pathogenesis of acute kidney injury is complex and varies with different types of injury. However, multiple distinct acute kidney injury syndromes share a common dysregulation of energy metabolism. Pathways of energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are emerging as critical drivers of acute kidney injury and represent new potential targets for treatment. This review shows the basic metabolic pathways that all cells depend on for life; describes how the kidney optimizes those pathways to meet its anatomic, physiologic, and metabolic needs; summarizes the importance of metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction in acute kidney injury; and analyzes the mitochondrial processes that become dysregulated in acute kidney injury including mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and changes in mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Clark
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samir M Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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19
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Todorović Z, Đurašević S, Stojković M, Grigorov I, Pavlović S, Jasnić N, Tosti T, Macut JB, Thiemermann C, Đorđević J. Lipidomics Provides New Insight into Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets of the Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062798. [PMID: 33801983 PMCID: PMC7999969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids play an essential role in both tissue protection and damage. Tissue ischemia creates anaerobic conditions in which enzyme inactivation occurs, and reperfusion can initiate oxidative stress that leads to harmful changes in membrane lipids, the formation of aldehydes, and chain damage until cell death. The critical event in such a series of harmful events in the cell is the unwanted accumulation of fatty acids that leads to lipotoxicity. Lipid analysis provides additional insight into the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) disorders and reveals new targets for drug action. The profile of changes in the composition of fatty acids in the cell, as well as the time course of these changes, indicate both the mechanism of damage and new therapeutic possibilities. A therapeutic approach to reperfusion lipotoxicity involves attenuation of fatty acids overload, i.e., their transport to adipose tissue and/or inhibition of the adverse effects of fatty acids on cell damage and death. The latter option involves using PPAR agonists and drugs that modulate the transport of fatty acids via carnitine into the interior of the mitochondria or the redirection of long-chain fatty acids to peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Todorović
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (J.B.M.)
- University Medical Centre “Bežanijska kosa”, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-63-8827076
| | - Siniša Đurašević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Đ.); (N.J.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Maja Stojković
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (J.B.M.)
| | - Ilijana Grigorov
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Slađan Pavlović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Nebojša Jasnić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Đ.); (N.J.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Tomislav Tosti
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelica Bjekić Macut
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (J.B.M.)
- University Medical Centre “Bežanijska kosa”, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - Jelena Đorđević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Đ.); (N.J.); (J.Đ.)
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20
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Kim JJ, Wilbon SS, Fornoni A. Podocyte Lipotoxicity in CKD. KIDNEY360 2021; 2:755-762. [PMID: 35373048 PMCID: PMC8791311 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0006152020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CKD represents the ninth most common cause of death in the United States but, despite this large health burden, treatment options for affected patients remain limited. To remedy this, several relevant pathways have been identified that may lead to novel therapeutic options. Among them, altered renal lipid metabolism, first described in 1982, has been recognized as a common pathway in clinical and experimental CKD of both metabolic and nonmetabolic origin. This observation has led many researchers to investigate the cause of this renal parenchyma lipid accumulation and its downstream effect on renal structure and function. Among key cellular components of the kidney parenchyma, podocytes are terminally differentiated cells that cannot be easily replaced when lost. Clinical and experimental evidence supports a role of reduced podocyte number in the progression of CKD. Given the importance of the podocytes in the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier and the accumulation of TG and cholesterol-rich lipid droplets in the podocyte and glomerulus in kidney diseases that cause CKD, understanding the upstream cause and downstream consequences of lipid accumulation in podocytes may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we hope to consolidate our understanding of the causes and consequences of dysregulated renal lipid metabolism in CKD development and progression, with a major focus on podocytes.
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21
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Scantlebery AM, Tammaro A, Mills JD, Rampanelli E, Kors L, Teske GJ, Butter LM, Liebisch G, Schmitz G, Florquin S, Leemans JC, Roelofs JJ. The dysregulation of metabolic pathways and induction of the pentose phosphate pathway in renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury. J Pathol 2021; 253:404-414. [PMID: 33338266 PMCID: PMC7986929 DOI: 10.1002/path.5605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation is associated with various forms of acute renal injury; however, the causative factors and pathways underpinning this lipid accumulation have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we performed lipidomic profiling of renal tissue following ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). We identified a significant accumulation of cholesterol and specific phospholipids and sphingolipids in kidneys 24 h after IRI. In light of these findings, we hypothesised that pathways involved in lipid metabolism may also be altered. Through the analysis of published microarray data, generated from sham and ischaemic kidneys, we identified nephron‐specific metabolic pathways affected by IRI and validated these findings in ischaemic renal tissue. In silico analysis revealed the downregulation of several energy and lipid metabolism pathways, including mitochondrial fatty acid beta‐oxidation (FAO), peroxisomal lipid metabolism, fatty acid (FA) metabolism, and glycolysis. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which is fuelled by glycolysis, was the only metabolic pathway that was upregulated 24 h following IRI. In this study, we describe the effect of renal IRI on metabolic pathways and how this contributes to lipid accumulation. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Ml Scantlebery
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Tammaro
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James D Mills
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Rampanelli
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Kors
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwendoline J Teske
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loes M Butter
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaklien C Leemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Jth Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Location AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Shao F, Zhang B, Wang Z, Li X. Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan Can Inhibit the Fibrosis of Diabetic Kidneys by Regulating the Kidney Lipid Metabolism. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:7618166. [PMID: 34869779 PMCID: PMC8635909 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7618166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a diabetic kidney disease model was established by placing the test rats on a high-sugar/high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin induction. Histopathological examination (H&E, Masson, and PASM stain) showed pathological changes in the diabetic rat kidneys, in addition to fibrotic symptoms and collagen deposition. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses indicated that the diabetic condition significantly increased the expressions of fibrotic markers including collagen, α-SMA, and fibronectin. The levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein were also increased in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) rat blood, while the level of high-density lipoprotein was decreased. The results of Oil red O staining experiments indicated that the kidneys of diabetic rats exhibited appreciable fat deposition, with high contents of triglyceride and cholesterol. To inhibit fibrosis and reduce fat deposition, low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) may be used. Based on PCR and western blot analyses, LMWF can regulate the expression levels of important lipid metabolism regulators, thereby impeding the development of kidney fibrosis. Through the vitro model, it also be indicated that LMWF could inhibit fibrosis process through regulating lipid metabolism which induced by palmitic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yanlei Sun
- Linyi Tumor Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Fengli Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
- Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xinpeng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
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23
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Clark AJ, Parikh SM. Targeting energy pathways in kidney disease: the roles of sirtuins, AMPK, and PGC1α. Kidney Int 2020; 99:828-840. [PMID: 33307105 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The kidney has extraordinary metabolic demands to sustain the active transport of solutes that is critical to renal filtration and clearance. Mitochondrial health is vital to meet those demands and maintain renal fitness. Decades of studies have linked poor mitochondrial health to kidney disease. Key regulators of mitochondrial health-adenosine monophosphate kinase, sirtuins, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α-have all been shown to play significant roles in renal resilience against disease. This review will summarize the latest research into the activities of those regulators and evaluate the roles and therapeutic potential of targeting those regulators in acute kidney injury, glomerular kidney disease, and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Clark
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samir M Parikh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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24
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Sun J, Xu X, Huang X, Ji S, Bian C, Ji H. Nuclear factor-κB subunit p65 is involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced lipid accumulation via regulating DGAT1b in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:71-77. [PMID: 32585360 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can promote the accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) in CIK (Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney) cells, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, two genes involved TG synthesis, DGAT1a and DGAT1b, were isolated and characterized from grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, which encode peptides of 498 and 501 amino acids, respectively. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses indicated that DGAT1a and DGAT1b could have originated from the teleost-specific genome duplication event. Analysis of the exon-intron structures clarified that genomic structures of all DGAT1 proteins are conserved in vertebrates. DGAT1a mRNA was highly expressed in gut, adipose tissue and heart, while DGAT1b mRNA was highly expressed in liver and kidney. After LPS treatment, only expression of DGAT1b was up-regulated and knockdown of DGAT1b reduced the content of TG, suggesting that DGAT1b is involved in LPS-induced lipid accumulation. To explore the mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation of DGAT1b in response to LPS, we cloned DGAT1b promoter sequence. Its promoter sequence consists of IRF7, RelA (p65) and RelB binding elements. Dual luciferase assay and q-PCR suggested that the promoter of DGAT1b can be activated by the overexpression of p65, but cannot be triggered by IRF7 and RelB. Mutational analysis shows that the potential p65 binding sites may locate in the region -111/-100 bp of the DGAT1b promoter. These results indicated that DGAT1b is the target gene of NF-κB p65. Finally, inhibiting p65 effectively decreased LPS-induced lipid accumulation. Taken together, we demonstrate that NF-κB p65 takes part in the lipid accumulation by regulating DGAT1b-induced TG synthesis in LPS signalling in CIK cells. The finding that NF-κB p65 links LPS signalling and TG synthesis adds to our growing appreciation of the interplay between immunity and lipid metabolism in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaocheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shanghong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chenchen Bian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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25
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Schley G, Grampp S, Goppelt-Struebe M. Inhibition of oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases increases lipid accumulation in human primary tubular epithelial cells without inducing ER stress. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:125-140. [PMID: 32189058 PMCID: PMC7306052 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) pathway in renal lipid metabolism is largely unknown. As HIF stabilizing prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors are currently investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of renal anemia, we studied the effects of genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of PHDs on renal lipid metabolism in transgenic mice and human primary tubular epithelial cells (hPTEC). Tubular cell-specific deletion of HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 (Phd2) increased the size of Oil Red-stained lipid droplets in mice. In hPTEC, the PHD inhibitors (PHDi) DMOG and ICA augmented lipid accumulation, which was visualized by Oil Red staining and assessed by microscopy and an infrared imaging system. PHDi-induced lipid accumulation required the exogenous availability of fatty acids and was observed in both proximal and distal hPTEC. PHDi treatment was not associated with structural features of cytotoxicity in contrast to treatment with the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CsA). PHDi and CsA differentially upregulated the expression of the lipid droplet-associated genes PLIN2, PLIN4 and HILPDA. Both PHDi and CsA activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) indicating the initiation of a metabolic stress response. However, only CsA triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as determined by the increased mRNA expression of multiple ER stress markers but CsA-induced ER stress was not linked to lipid accumulation. Our data raise the possibility that PHD inhibition may protect tubular cells from toxic free fatty acids by trapping them as triacylglycerides in lipid droplets. This mechanism might contribute to the renoprotective effects of PHDi in experimental kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestrasse 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Steffen Grampp
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestrasse 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Margarete Goppelt-Struebe
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestrasse 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Jang HS, Noh MR, Kim J, Padanilam BJ. Defective Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipotoxicity in Kidney Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:65. [PMID: 32226789 PMCID: PMC7080698 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a highly metabolic organ and uses high levels of ATP to maintain electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis and reabsorb nutrients. Energy depletion is a critical factor in development and progression of various kidney diseases including acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diabetic and glomerular nephropathy. Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) serves as the preferred source of ATP in the kidney and its dysfunction results in ATP depletion and lipotoxicity to elicit tubular injury and inflammation and subsequent fibrosis progression. This review explores the current state of knowledge on the role of mitochondrial FAO dysfunction in the pathophysiology of kidney diseases including AKI and CKD and prospective views on developing therapeutic interventions based on mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seong Jang
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Mi Ra Noh
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jinu Kim
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Department of Anatomy, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Babu J Padanilam
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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27
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GCN5L1 controls renal lipotoxicity through regulating acetylation of fatty acid oxidation enzymes. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 75:597-606. [PMID: 31760589 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a common risk factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Current notion suggests that insufficient intracellular fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and subsequently enhanced fatty acid esterification within renal resident cells, a process termed as renal lipotoxicity, is the key pathogenic event responsible for dyslipidemia-induced kidney injury. However, the detailed mechanism is not fully elucidated. Recently, accumulating data indicated that acetylation modification is an important regulating manner for both mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, while whether acetylation modification is involved in renal lipotoxicity is of little known. In the present study, the expression level of global lysine acetylation was detected by immunohistochemistry in high-fat diet mice and western blot in palmitic acid (PA) stimulated HK-2 cells. The acetylation levels of long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (LCAD) and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (β-HAD) were measured by immunoprecipitation. And a multifunction microplate reader was applied to detect FAO rate, triglyceride and acyl-CoA contents, and the enzyme activities, with cellular lipid accumulation identified by Oil Red O staining. We evidenced the acetylation levels of LCAD and β-HAD that were enhanced, which led to decreased enzymatic activities and impaired FAO rate. Furthermore, renal protein hyperacetylation induced by lipid overload was associated with increased expression of GCN5L1. And the silence of GCN5L1 in tubular epithelial cells resulted in deacetylation and activation of LCAD and β-HAD. Finally, excess lipids induced lipotoxicity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were ameliorated by GCN5L1 suppression, suggesting GCN5L1-mediated mitochondrial LCAD and β-HAD acetylation might be a key pathogenic event underlying excess lipids induced FAO impairment.
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Abstract
The mammalian kidney relies on abundant mitochondria in the renal tubule to generate sufficient ATP to provide the energy required for constant reclamation of solutes from crude blood filtrate. The highly metabolically active cells of the renal tubule also pair their energetic needs to the regulation of diverse cellular processes, including energy generation, antioxidant responses, autophagy and mitochondrial quality control. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is essential not only for the harvesting of energy from substrates but also for an array of regulatory reactions that determine cellular health. In acute kidney injury (AKI), substantial decreases in the levels of NAD+ impair energy generation and, ultimately, the core kidney function of selective solute transport. Conversely, augmentation of NAD+ may protect the kidney tubule against diverse acute stressors. For example, NAD+ augmentation can ameliorate experimental AKI triggered by ischaemia–reperfusion, toxic injury and systemic inflammation. NAD+-dependent maintenance of renal tubular metabolic health may also attenuate long-term profibrotic responses that could lead to chronic kidney disease. Further understanding of the genetic, environmental and nutritional factors that influence NAD+ biosynthesis and renal resilience may lead to novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease. Here, the authors discuss evidence for a role of NAD+ imbalance in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). They suggest that disruption of NAD+ metabolism may contribute to mechanistic links among AKI, CKD and ageing. NAD+ has critical roles in the generation of ATP from fuel substrates and as a substrate for important enzymes that regulate cellular health and stress responses. The renal tubule is highly metabolically active and requires a constant supply of ATP to provide the energy required to pump solutes across unfavourable gradients. Experimental acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by various insults rapidly leads to a decrease in NAD+ levels that probably results from a combination of reduced NAD+ biosynthesis and increased NAD+ consumption. Renal NAD+ levels can be augmented using vitamin B3 analogues and related nutritional precursors. NAD+ augmentation can prevent and/or treat various aetiologies of experimental AKI and might also attenuate long-term profibrotic responses following AKI, suggesting a potential role in the treatment of chronic kidney disease.
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29
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Zhao L, Hu C, Zhang P, Jiang H, Chen J. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in acute kidney injury. J Transl Med 2019; 17:142. [PMID: 31046805 PMCID: PMC6498508 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria take part in a network of cellular processes that regulate cell homeostasis. Defects in mitochondrial function are key pathophysiological changes during acute kidney injury (AKI). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising regenerative effects in experimental AKI models, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Some studies have demonstrated that MSCs are able to target mitochondrial dysfunction during AKI. In this review, we summarize these articles, providing an integral and updated view of MSC therapy targeting mitochondrial dysfunction during AKI, which is aimed at promoting the therapeutic effect of MSCs in AKI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Iwaki T, Bennion BG, Stenson EK, Lynn JC, Otinga C, Djukovic D, Raftery D, Fei L, Wong HR, Liles WC, Standage SW. PPARα contributes to protection against metabolic and inflammatory derangements associated with acute kidney injury in experimental sepsis. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14078. [PMID: 31102342 PMCID: PMC6525329 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant problem in critically ill children and adults resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Fundamental mechanisms contributing to sepsis-associated AKI are poorly understood. Previous research has demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) expression is associated with reduced organ system failure in sepsis. Using an experimental model of polymicrobial sepsis, we demonstrate that mice deficient in PPARα have worse kidney function, which is likely related to reduced fatty acid oxidation and increased inflammation. Ultrastructural evaluation with electron microscopy reveals that the proximal convoluted tubule is specifically injured in septic PPARα deficient mice. In this experimental group, serum metabolomic analysis reveals unanticipated metabolic derangements in tryptophan-kynurenine-NAD+ and pantothenate pathways. We also show that a subgroup of children with sepsis whose genome-wide expression profiles are characterized by repression of the PPARα signaling pathway has increased incidence of severe AKI. These findings point toward interesting associations between sepsis-associated AKI and PPARα-driven fatty acid metabolism that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Iwaki
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
- Department of PediatricsUniversity HospitalFaculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKagawaJapan
| | - Brock G. Bennion
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri
| | - Erin K. Stenson
- Department of PediatricsSection of Critical CareUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CenterChildren's Hospital ColoradoAuroraColorado
- Division of Critical Care MedicineCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Jared C. Lynn
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
| | - Cynthia Otinga
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
| | - Danijel Djukovic
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColorado
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
| | - Lin Fei
- Division of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhio
| | - Hector R. Wong
- Division of Critical Care MedicineCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhio
| | - W. Conrad Liles
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
| | - Stephen W. Standage
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashington
- Division of Critical Care MedicineCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhio
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31
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Fock E, Lavrova E, Bachteeva V, Nikolaeva S, Parnova R. Suppression of fatty acid β-oxidation and energy deficiency as a cause of inhibitory effect of E. coli lipopolysaccharide on osmotic water transport in the frog urinary bladder. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 218:81-87. [PMID: 30660802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previously we showed that arginine-vasotocin (AVT)-stimulated osmotic water permeability (OWP) of the frog urinary bladder was decreased if the mucosal side of the bladder has been naturally colonized by Gram-negative bacteria, or if bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was introduced into the lumen of the isolated bladder (J. Exp. Zool., 2013, 319, 487-494). Taking into account that in different tissues and cell types, challenge with LPS causes significant metabolic shift and energy deficiency, we hypothesized that an LPS-induced decrease of AVT-stimulated OWP could depend on the reduction of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), which is important for generation of ATP in epithelia. Using an isolated frog Rana temporaria urinary bladder we showed that the AVT-induced increase of OWP did not depend on the external glucose, but was inhibited by oligomycin, an ATP-synthase inhibitor, and by etomoxir, an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1. In primary cultured epithelial cells isolated from the bladder mucosa, LPS E. coli (25 μg/ml, 21 h), as well as etomoxir (100 μM), decreased FAO accompanied by triacylglycerol accumulation. Both drugs impaired mitochondrial functions demonstrated by decreased ATP production and a reduced maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and OCR directed at ATP synthesis. Additionally, we found that LPS decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, a key player in the regulation of FAO. These data indicate that the impairment of AVT-induced water transport in osmoregulatory epithelium caused by LPS depends at least partly on defects in FAO and FAO-dependent energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Fock
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Lavrova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vera Bachteeva
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Nikolaeva
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rimma Parnova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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32
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Erpicum P, Rowart P, Defraigne JO, Krzesinski JM, Jouret F. What we need to know about lipid-associated injury in case of renal ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1714-F1719. [PMID: 30332314 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00322.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal segmental metabolism is reflected by the complex distribution of the main energy pathways along the nephron, with fatty acid oxidation preferentially used in the cortex area. Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is due to the restriction of renal blood flow, rapidly leading to a metabolic switch toward anaerobic conditions. Subsequent unbalance between energy demand and oxygen/nutrient delivery compromises kidney cell functions, resulting in a complex inflammatory cascade including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Renal IRI especially involves lipid accumulation. Lipid peroxidation is one of the major events of ROS-associated tissue injury. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge of renal cell lipid metabolism in normal and ischemic conditions. Next, we focus on renal lipid-associated injury, with emphasis on its mechanisms and consequences during the course of IRI. Finally, we discuss preclinical observations aiming at preventing and/or attenuating lipid-associated IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Erpicum
- Division of Nephrology, University of Liège Academic Hospital , Liège , Belgium.,Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Pascal Rowart
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Jean-Olivier Defraigne
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège , Liège , Belgium.,Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, University of Liège Academic Hospital , Liège , Belgium
| | | | - François Jouret
- Division of Nephrology, University of Liège Academic Hospital , Liège , Belgium.,Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
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33
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Mitochondrial-Targeted Antioxidant MitoQ Prevents E. coli Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Accumulation of Triacylglycerol and Lipid Droplets Biogenesis in Epithelial Cells. J Lipids 2018; 2018:5745790. [PMID: 30245885 PMCID: PMC6139225 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5745790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on eukaryotic cell could be accompanied by a significant metabolic shift that includes accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets (LD), ubiquitous organelles associated with fatty acid storage, energy regulation and demonstrated tight spatial and functional connections with mitochondria. The impairment of mitochondrial activity under pathological stimuli has been shown to provoke TAG storage and LD biogenesis. However the potential mechanisms that link mitochondrial disturbances and TAG accumulation are not completely understood. We hypothesize that mitochondrial ROS (mROS) may play a role of a trigger leading to subsequent accumulation of intracellular TAG and LD in response to a bacterial stimulus. Using isolated epithelial cells from the frog urinary bladder, we showed that LPS decreased fatty acids oxidation, enhanced TAG deposition, and promoted LD formation. LPS treatment did not affect the mitochondrial membrane potential but increased cellular ROS production and led to impairment of mitochondrial function as revealed by decreased ATP production and a reduced maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and OCR directed at ATP turnover. The mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant MitoQ at a dose of 25 nM did not prevent LPS-induced alterations in cellular respiration, but, in contrast to nonmitochondrial antioxidant α-tocopherol, reduced the effect of LPS on the generation of ROS, restored the LPS-induced decline of fatty acids oxidation, and prevented accumulation of TAG and LD biogenesis. The data obtained indicate the key signaling role of mROS in the lipid metabolic shift that occurs under the impact of a bacterial pathogen in epithelial cells.
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34
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Van Wyngene L, Vandewalle J, Libert C. Reprogramming of basic metabolic pathways in microbial sepsis: therapeutic targets at last? EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e8712. [PMID: 29976786 PMCID: PMC6079534 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a highly lethal and urgent unmet medical need. It is the result of a complex interplay of several pathways, including inflammation, immune activation, hypoxia, and metabolic reprogramming. Specifically, the regulation and the impact of the latter have become better understood in which the highly catabolic status during sepsis and its similarity with starvation responses appear to be essential in the poor prognosis in sepsis. It seems logical that new interventions based on the recognition of new therapeutic targets in the key metabolic pathways should be developed and may have a good chance to penetrate to the bedside. In this review, we concentrate on the pathological changes in metabolism, observed during sepsis, and the presumed underlying mechanisms, with a focus on the level of the organism and the interplay between different organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Van Wyngene
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Vandewalle
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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35
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El Kamouni S, El Kebbaj R, Andreoletti P, El Ktaibi A, Rharrassi I, Essamadi A, El Kebbaj MS, Mandard S, Latruffe N, Vamecq J, Nasser B, Cherkaoui-Malki M. Protective Effect of Argan and Olive Oils against LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice Livers. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102181. [PMID: 29048364 PMCID: PMC5666862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis causes severe dysregulation of organ functions, via the development of oxidative stress and inflammation. These pathophysiological mechanisms are mimicked in mice injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, protective properties of argan oil against LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation are explored in the murine model. Mice received standard chow, supplemented with argan oil (AO) or olive oil (OO) for 25 days, before septic shock was provoked with a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS, 16 hours prior to animal sacrifice. In addition to a rise in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, injected LPS also caused hepatotoxicity, accompanied by hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and hyperuremia. These LPS-associated toxic effects were blunted by AO pretreatment, as corroborated by normal plasma parameters and cell stress markers (glutathione: GSH) and antioxidant enzymology (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase, GPx). Hematoxylin–eosin staining revealed that AO can protect against acute liver injury, maintaining a normal status, which is pointed out by absent or reduced LPS-induced hepatic damage markers (i.e., alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)). Our work also indicated that AO displayed anti-inflammatory activity, due to down-regulations of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and in up-regulations of the expression of anti-inflammatory genes encoding Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). OO provided animals with similar, though less extensive, protective changes. Collectively our work adds compelling evidence to the protective mechanisms of AO against LPS-induced liver injury and hence therapeutic potentialities, in regard to the management of human sepsis. Activations of IL-4/Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (IL-4/PPARs) signaling and, under LPS, an anti-inflammatory IL-10/Liver X Receptor (IL-10/LXR) route, obviously indicated the high potency and plasticity of the anti-inflammatory properties of argan oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane El Kamouni
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP577, Settat 26000, Morocco.
| | - Riad El Kebbaj
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP577, Settat 26000, Morocco.
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de la Santé, Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la santé Université Hassan I, Settat 26000, Morocco.
| | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR SVTE, Dijon 21000, France.
| | - Abderrahim El Ktaibi
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Hôpital Militaire Avicenne, Marrakech 40000, Morocco.
| | - Issam Rharrassi
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Hôpital Militaire Avicenne, Marrakech 40000, Morocco.
| | - Abdelkhalid Essamadi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP577, Settat 26000, Morocco.
| | - M'hammed Saïd El Kebbaj
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences-Aïn Chock, Université Hassan II-Aïn chock, Casablanca 20000, Morocco.
| | - Stéphane Mandard
- Lipness Team, INSERM, Research Center UMR866 and LabEx LipSTIC, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté de Médecine, Dijon 21000, France.
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR SVTE, Dijon 21000, France.
| | - Joseph Vamecq
- INSERM and HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, Lille 59037 and RADEME EA 7364, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille 2, Lille 59045, France.
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP577, Settat 26000, Morocco.
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL EA7270, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR SVTE, Dijon 21000, France.
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36
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Erpicum P, Rowart P, Poma L, Krzesinski JM, Detry O, Jouret F. Administration of mesenchymal stromal cells before renal ischemia/reperfusion attenuates kidney injury and may modulate renal lipid metabolism in rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8687. [PMID: 28819187 PMCID: PMC5561049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been demonstrated to attenuate renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in rodent models. The mechanisms of such nephro-protection remain largely unknown. Furthermore, the optimal timing of MSC administration has been poorly investigated. Here, we compare the impact of MSC injection 7 days before (MSCD - 7) versus 1 day after (MSCD + 1) renal I/R in rats. Control groups received equivalent volumes of saline at similar time-points (SD - 7 and SD + 1). Right nephrectomy was performed, and left renal ischemia lasted 45 min. After 48-hour reperfusion, we observed significantly improved renal function parameters, reduced apoptotic index and neutrophil/macrophage infiltration in kidney parenchyma, and lower expression of tubular damage markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines in MSCD - 7 in comparison to MSCD + 1 and saline control groups. Next, comparative high-throughput RNA sequencing of MSCD - 7 vs. SD - 7 non-ischemic right kidneys highlighted significant down-regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis and up-regulation of PPAR-α pathway. Such a preferential regulation towards lipid catabolism was associated with decreased levels of lipid peroxidation products, i.e. malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, in MSCD - 7 versus SD - 7 ischemic kidneys. Our findings suggest that MSC pretreatment may exert protective effects against renal I/R by modulating lipid metabolism in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Erpicum
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Nephrology, University of Liège Hospital (ULg CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal Rowart
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Poma
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Krzesinski
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Nephrology, University of Liège Hospital (ULg CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Detry
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation, University of Liège Hospital (ULg CHU), Liège, Belgium.,Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), CREDEC Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - François Jouret
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. .,Division of Nephrology, University of Liège Hospital (ULg CHU), Liège, Belgium.
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37
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Minami S, Yamamoto T, Takabatake Y, Takahashi A, Namba T, Matsuda J, Kimura T, Kaimori JY, Matsui I, Hamano T, Takeda H, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Matsusaka T, Niimura F, Isaka Y. Lipophagy maintains energy homeostasis in the kidney proximal tubule during prolonged starvation. Autophagy 2017; 13:1629-1647. [PMID: 28813167 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1341464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a self-degradation process that combats starvation. Lipids are the main energy source in kidney proximal tubular cells (PTCs). During starvation, PTCs increase fatty acid (FA) uptake, form intracellular lipid droplets (LDs), and hydrolyze them for use. The involvement of autophagy in lipid metabolism in the kidney remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the autophagy-mediated regulation of renal lipid metabolism during prolonged starvation using PTC-specific Atg5-deficient (atg5-TSKO) mice and an in vitro serum starvation model. Twenty-four h of starvation comparably induced LD formation in the PTCs of control and atg5-TSKO mice; however, additional 24 h of starvation reduced the number of LDs in control mice, whereas increases were observed in atg5-TSKO mice. Autophagic degradation of LDs (lipophagy) in PTCs was demonstrated by electron microscopic observation and biochemical analysis. In vitro pulse-chase assays demonstrated that lipophagy mobilizes FAs from LDs to mitochondria during starvation, whereas impaired LD degradation in autophagy-deficient PTCs led to decreased ATP production and subsequent cell death. In contrast to the in vitro assay, despite impaired LD degradation, kidney ATP content was preserved in 48-h starved atg5-TSKO mice, probably due to increased utilization of ketone bodies. This compensatory mechanism was accompanied by a higher plasma FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) level and its expression in the PTCs; however, this was not essential for the production of ketone bodies in the liver during prolonged starvation. In conclusion, lipophagy combats prolonged starvation in PTCs to avoid cellular energy depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Minami
- a Department of Nephrology , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- a Department of Nephrology , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Takabatake
- a Department of Nephrology , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- a Department of Nephrology , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Tomoko Namba
- a Department of Nephrology , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Jun Matsuda
- a Department of Nephrology , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Tomonori Kimura
- a Department of Nephrology , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Jun-Ya Kaimori
- b Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Isao Matsui
- a Department of Nephrology , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Takayuki Hamano
- c Department of Comprehensive Kidney Disease Research (CKDR) , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takeda
- d Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation , Kyushu University , Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- d Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation , Kyushu University , Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- d Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation , Kyushu University , Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- d Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation , Kyushu University , Higashi-ku , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- e Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Molecular Life Sciences , Tokai University School of Medicine , Isehara , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Fumio Niimura
- f Department of Pediatrics , Tokai University School of Medicine , Isehara , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- a Department of Nephrology , Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Suita , Osaka , Japan
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38
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Abstract
The kidney requires a large number of mitochondria to remove waste from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. Mitochondria provide the energy to drive these important functions and can adapt to different metabolic conditions through a number of signalling pathways (for example, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways) that activate the transcriptional co-activator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1α (PGC1α), and by balancing mitochondrial dynamics and energetics to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to a decrease in ATP production, alterations in cellular functions and structure, and the loss of renal function. Persistent mitochondrial dysfunction has a role in the early stages and progression of renal diseases, such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and diabetic nephropathy, as it disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis and thus normal kidney function. Improving mitochondrial homeostasis and function has the potential to restore renal function, and administering compounds that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis can restore mitochondrial and renal function in mouse models of AKI and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, inhibiting the fission protein dynamin 1-like protein (DRP1) might ameliorate ischaemic renal injury by blocking mitochondrial fission.
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39
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Mehr AP, Parikh SM. PPARγ-Coactivator-1α, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and Renal Stress Resistance. Nephron Clin Pract 2017; 137:253-255. [PMID: 28591759 PMCID: PMC5722711 DOI: 10.1159/000471895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With one of the highest mitochondrial densities in the body, the kidneys consume approximately 10% of total oxygen while constituting 0.5% of body mass. Renal respiration is linear to solute extraction, linking oxidative metabolism directly to tubular function. This fundamental role of mitochondria in renal health may become an "Achilles heel" under duress. Acute kidney injury (AKI) related to each major class of stressor - inflammation, ischemia, and toxins - exhibits early and prominent mitochondrial injury. The mitochondrial biogenesis regulator, PPARγ-coactivator-1α (PGC1α), may confer tubular protection against these stressors. Recent work proposes that renal PGC1α directly increases levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an essential co-factor for energy metabolism that has lately been proposed as an anti-aging factor. This mini-review summarizes recent studies on AKI, PGC1α, and NAD+ that identify a direct mechanism between the regulation of metabolic health and the ability to resist renal stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Poyan Mehr
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samir M. Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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40
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Yang P, Xiao Y, Luo X, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Wang Y, Wu T, Wei L, Chen Y. Inflammatory stress promotes the development of obesity-related chronic kidney disease via CD36 in mice. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1417-1427. [PMID: 28536108 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m076216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic fat located in the kidney has emerged as a novel cause of obesity-related chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether inflammatory stress promotes ectopic lipid deposition in the kidney and causes renal injury in obese mice and whether the pathological process is mediated by the fatty acid translocase, CD36. High-fat diet (HFD) feeding alone resulted in obesity, hyperlipidemia, and slight renal lipid accumulation in mice, which nevertheless had normal kidney function. HFD-fed mice with chronic inflammation had severe renal steatosis and obvious glomerular and tubular damage, which was accompanied by increased CD36 expression. Interestingly, CD36 deficiency in HFD-fed mice eliminated renal lipid accumulation and pathological changes induced by chronic inflammation. In both human mesangial cells (HMCs) and human kidney 2 (HK2) cells, inflammatory stress increased the efficiency of CD36 protein incorporation into membrane lipid rafts, promoting FFA uptake and intracellular lipid accumulation. Silencing of CD36 in vitro markedly attenuated FFA uptake, lipid accumulation, and cellular stress induced by inflammatory stress. We conclude that inflammatory stress aggravates renal injury by activation of the CD36 pathway, suggesting that this mechanism may operate in obese individuals with chronic inflammation, making them prone to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yayun Xiao
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunfei Zhao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Wei
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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41
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Emma F, Montini G, Parikh SM, Salviati L. Mitochondrial dysfunction in inherited renal disease and acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:267-80. [PMID: 26804019 PMCID: PMC5469549 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2015.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are increasingly recognized as key players in genetic and acquired renal diseases. Most mitochondrial cytopathies that cause renal symptoms are characterized by tubular defects, but glomerular, tubulointerstitial and cystic diseases have also been described. For example, defects in coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis and the mitochondrial DNA 3243 A>G mutation are important causes of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children and in adults, respectively. Although they sometimes present with isolated renal findings, mitochondrial diseases are frequently associated with symptoms related to central nervous system and neuromuscular involvement. They can result from mutations in nuclear genes that are inherited according to classic Mendelian rules or from mutations in mitochondrial DNA, which are transmitted according to more complex rules of mitochondrial genetics. Diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders involves clinical characterization of patients in combination with biochemical and genetic analyses. In particular, prompt diagnosis of CoQ10 biosynthesis defects is imperative because of their potentially reversible nature. In acute kidney injury (AKI), mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the physiopathology of tissue injury, whereas mitochondrial biogenesis has an important role in the recovery of renal function. Potential therapies that target mitochondrial dysfunction or promote mitochondrial regeneration are being developed to limit renal damage during AKI and promote repair of injured tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Emma
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via della Commenda 9, Milano, Italy
| | - Samir M Parikh
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy
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42
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) continues to be a significant contributor to morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure. In the United States alone, it is estimated that more than $10 billion is spent on AKI every year. Currently, there are no available therapies to treat established AKI. The mitochondrion is positioned to be a critical player in AKI with its dual role as the primary source of energy for each cell and as a key regulator of cell death. This review aims to cover the current state of research on the role of mitochondria in AKI, while also proposing potential therapeutic targets and future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Ralto
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samir M Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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43
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Gatticchi L, Bellezza I, Del Sordo R, Peirce MJ, Sidoni A, Roberti R, Minelli A. The Tm7sf2 Gene Deficiency Protects Mice against Endotoxin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141885. [PMID: 26540160 PMCID: PMC4635018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential for diverse cellular functions and cellular and whole-body cholesterol homeostasis is highly controlled. Cholesterol can also influence cellular susceptibility to injury. The connection between cholesterol metabolism and inflammation is exemplified by the Tm7sf2 gene, the absence of which reveals an essential role in cholesterol biosynthesis under stress conditions but also results in an inflammatory phenotype, i.e. NF-κB activation and TNFα up-regulation. Here, by using Tm7sf2+/+and Tm7sf2−/− mice, we investigated whether the Tm7sf2 gene, through its role in cholesterol biosynthesis under stress conditions, is involved in the renal failure induced by the administration of LPS. We found that the loss of Tm7sf2 gene results in significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen levels accompanied by decreased renal inflammatory response and neutral lipid accumulation. The increased expression of fatty acids catabolic enzymes reduces the need of the renal autophagy, a known crucial nutrient-sensing pathway in lipid metabolism. Moreover, we observed that the Tm7sf2 insufficiency is responsible for the inhibition of the NF-κB signalling thus dampening the inflammatory response and leading to a reduced renal damage. These results suggest a pivotal role for Tm7sf2 in renal inflammatory and lipotoxic response under endotoxemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Gatticchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, 06124 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, 06124 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rachele Del Sordo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, 06124 Perugia, Italy
| | - Matthew J. Peirce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, 06124 Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, 06124 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rita Roberti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, 06124 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alba Minelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, 06124 Perugia, Italy
- * E-mail:
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44
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El Kebbaj R, Andreoletti P, El Hajj HI, El Kharrassi Y, Vamecq J, Mandard S, Saih FE, Latruffe N, El Kebbaj MS, Lizard G, Nasser B, Cherkaoui-Malki M. Argan oil prevents down-regulation induced by endotoxin on liver fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis and on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α, (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and estrogen related receptor α (ERRα). BIOCHIMIE OPEN 2015; 1:51-59. [PMID: 29632829 PMCID: PMC5889474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopen.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In patients with sepsis, liver metabolism and its capacity to provide other organs with energetic substrates are impaired. This and many other pathophysiological changes seen in human patients are reproduced in mice injected with purified endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). In the present study, down-regulation of genes involved in hepatic fatty acid oxidation (FAOx) and gluconeogenesis in mice exposed to LPS was challenged by nutritional intervention with Argan oil. Mice given a standard chow supplemented or not with either 6% (w/w) Argan oil (AO) or 6% (w/w) olive oil (OO) prior to exposure to LPS were explored for liver gene expressions assessed by mRNA transcript levels and/or enzyme activities. AO (or OO) food supplementation reveals that, in LPS-treated mice, hepatic expression of genes involved in FAOx and gluconeogenesis was preserved. This preventive protection might be related to the recovery of the gene expressions of nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and estrogen related receptor α (ERRα) and their coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α, (PGC-1α). These preventive mechanisms conveyed by AO against LPS-induced metabolic dysregulation might add new therapeutic potentialities in the management of human sepsis. Argan oil prevents LPS-treated mice from liver dysregulation of FAOx and gluconeogenesis. Argan oil improves hepatic expression of PPARα and ERRα, and their coactivators PGC-1α and Lipin-1. New preventive mechanisms conveyed by Argan oil against LPS-induced metabolic dysregulation.
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Key Words
- ACADL, acyl CoA dehydrogenase long-chain
- ACADM, acyl CoA dehydrogenase medium-chain
- ACADS, acyl CoA dehydrogenase short-chain
- ACOX1, acyl-CoA oxidase 1
- AO, Argan oil
- Argan oil
- Beta-oxidation
- Coactivator
- ERRα, estrogen related receptor α
- G6PH, glucose-6-phosphatase
- Gluconeogenesis
- Glut2, glucose transporter 2
- Glut4, glucose transporter 4
- HNF-4α, hepatic nuclear factor-4α
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- Nuclear receptor
- OO, olive oil
- PEPCK, phospoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α
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Affiliation(s)
- Riad El Kebbaj
- Univ. Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Laboratoire BioPeroxIL (Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique), EA 7270, 21000 Dijon, France.,Laboratoir de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP 577, 26 000 Settat, Morocco.,Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de la Santé, Institut supérieur des sciences de la santé Université Hassan I, Route de Casablanca. 14 BP 539, 26 000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Univ. Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Laboratoire BioPeroxIL (Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique), EA 7270, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Hammam I El Hajj
- Univ. Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Laboratoire BioPeroxIL (Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique), EA 7270, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Youssef El Kharrassi
- Univ. Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Laboratoire BioPeroxIL (Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique), EA 7270, 21000 Dijon, France.,Laboratoir de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP 577, 26 000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Joseph Vamecq
- INSERM and HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille and RADEME EA 7364, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille 2, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Mandard
- Lipness Team, INSERM, Research Center UMR866 and LabEx LipSTIC, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Fatima-Ezzahra Saih
- Univ. Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Laboratoire BioPeroxIL (Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique), EA 7270, 21000 Dijon, France.,Laboratoir de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP 577, 26 000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Univ. Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Laboratoire BioPeroxIL (Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique), EA 7270, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - M'Hammed Saïd El Kebbaj
- Laboratoire de recherche sur les lipoprotéines et l'Athérosclérose, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik, Avenue Cdt Driss El Harti, BP 7955, Université Hassan II-Mohammedia-Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Univ. Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Laboratoire BioPeroxIL (Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique), EA 7270, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratoir de Biochimie et Neurosciences, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, BP 577, 26 000 Settat, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- Univ. Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Laboratoire BioPeroxIL (Biochimie du Peroxysome, Inflammation et Métabolisme Lipidique), EA 7270, 21000 Dijon, France
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45
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Simon N, Hertig A. Alteration of Fatty Acid Oxidation in Tubular Epithelial Cells: From Acute Kidney Injury to Renal Fibrogenesis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:52. [PMID: 26301223 PMCID: PMC4525064 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal proximal tubular cells are the most energy-demanding cells in the body. The ATP that they use is mostly produced in their mitochondrial and peroxisomal compartments, by the oxidation of fatty acids. When those cells are placed under a biological stress, such as a transient hypoxia, fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is shut down for a period of time that outlasts injury, and carbohydrate oxidation does not take over. Facing those metabolic constraints, surviving tubular epithelial cells exhibit a phenotypic switch that includes cytoskeletal rearrangement and production of extracellular matrix proteins, most probably contributing to acute kidney injury-induced renal fibrogenesis, thence to the development of chronic kidney disease. Here, we review experimental evidence that dysregulation of FAO profoundly affects the fate of tubular epithelial cells, by promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, inflammation, and eventually interstitial fibrosis. Restoring physiological production of energy is undoubtedly a possible therapeutic approach to unlock the mesenchymal reprograming of tubular epithelial cells in the kidney. In this respect, the benefit of the use of fibrates is uncertain, but new drugs that could specifically target this metabolic pathway, and, hopefully, attenuate renal fibrosis merit future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Simon
- IMSERM UMR_S1155, Rare and Common Kidney Diseases, Remodeling and Tissue Repair, Hôpital Tenon , Paris , France
| | - Alexandre Hertig
- IMSERM UMR_S1155, Rare and Common Kidney Diseases, Remodeling and Tissue Repair, Hôpital Tenon , Paris , France ; UMR S 1155, UPMC Sorbonne Université Paris 06 , Paris , France
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Therapeutic targeting of the mitochondrial dysfunction in septic acute kidney injury. Curr Opin Crit Care 2014; 19:554-9. [PMID: 24150113 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication of severe sepsis. No targeted therapies exist for sepsis-associated AKI, suggesting a pressing need for elucidation of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging studies of human and experimental septic AKI kidneys have affirmed the longstanding observation that cell death in the tubule is uncommon despite often severe impairment of filtration. Rather than cell death, there appears to be widespread sublethal injury to tubular epithelial mitochondria. These organelles efficiently harness energy through controlled oxidation of metabolic fuels, they house pro-apoptotic proteins, and they produce reactive oxygen species. Derangement in one or more of these functions may contribute to the large reduction in renal function in septic AKI despite only scant cell death. In experimental septic AKI, molecular markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and function - whose renal expression dips during injury - rebound to normal levels as kidney function improves. Results from knockout mice suggest that restoration of mitochondrial function within the nephron may be critical to functional recovery. SUMMARY Recent findings from human and experimental septic AKI studies strongly implicate the mitochondrion as an important target for sublethal kidney injury. Stimulating the natural pathways through which mitochondrial function is normally recovered following sepsis represents a promising strategy for the development of novel therapies.
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Xu Y, Huang J, Xin W, Chen L, Zhao X, Lv Z, Liu Y, Wan Q. Lipid accumulation is ahead of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and therapeutic intervention by acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 silence in diabetic nephropathy. Metabolism 2014; 63:716-26. [PMID: 24650564 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study investigated the relationship between epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lipotoxicity in diabetic nephropathy as well as the protective effect of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) silence. METHODS High glucose (30mmol/L) cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) were used. Triglyceride content, fatty acid β-oxidation rate, malonyl CoA content, and marker proteins of EMT, including E-cadherin (E-cad), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming grow factor-β (TGF-β), were assessed. Silence of ACC2 was achieved by ACC2-shRNA lentivirus transfection. RESULTS In cultured human proximal tubular cells, high glucose induced fatty acid deposit before phenotypical and morphological changes of EMT. At 48h, more triglyceride content, more malonyl CoA content and lower fatty acid β-oxidation rate were detected. However, increased expression of TGF-β, accompanied by loss of E-cad and acquisition of α-SMA, was observed at 98h but not at 48h. The silence of ACC2 in HK-2 cells led to restored cell morphology with less lipid deposition and less malonyl-CoA content, which resulted from faster β-oxidation rate. CONCLUSION The progress of lipotoxicity participates in the development of diabetic nephropathy in early stage before EMT. The manipulation of lipid metabolism might act as a promising therapeutic intervention for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Center Lab of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liyong Chen
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Lu ZY, Liu SW, Xie YS, Cui SY, Liu XS, Geng WJ, Hu X, Ji JY, Chen XM. Inhibition of the tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in vivo and in vitro by the Uremic Clearance Granule (尿毒清颗粒). Chin J Integr Med 2013; 19:918-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Brøchner AC, Dagnaes-Hansen F, Højberg-Holm J, Toft P. The inflammatory response in blood and in remote organs following acute kidney injury. APMIS 2013; 122:399-404. [PMID: 24033773 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) mortality remains high, despite the fact that the patients are treated with continuous renal replacement therapy. The interaction between the kidney and the immune system might explain the high mortality observed in AKI. In order to elucidate the interaction between the kidney and immune system we developed a two-hit model of AKI and endotoxemia. Our hypothesis was that ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the kidney simultaneously with endotoxemia would generate a more extensive inflammatory response compared to I/R of the hind legs. Our expectation was that elevated levels of cytokines would be found in both blood and in organs distant to the kidneys. Forty mice were divided into five groups. The mice were subjected to the following operations: A: Sham only, no lipopolysaccharide (LPS); B: I/R of both kidneys + LPS; C: LPS only; D: Nephrectomy + LPS; E: I/R of both hind legs + LPS. In groups B and E, I/R times were identical. All mice were kept alive for 24 h and then sacrificed. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured in the blood. The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lungs, kidneys, and liver was evaluated as an indirect measurement of accumulation of granulocytes. In this study, significantly higher amount of IL-6 and IL-10 in the plasma was observed following renal I/R compared to hind leg I/R. The elevated levels of cytokine in plasma were observed following nephrectomy and endotoxemia. The neutrophil infiltration of distant organs measured by the levels of MPO in the lung and liver also showed a significantly higher level in renal I/R compared to hind leg I/R. Renal I/R is associated with a more pronounced inflammatory response in blood and distant organs. The high cytokine levels measured following nephrectomy might be explained by compromised elimination of cytokines by the kidney in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Craveiro Brøchner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Harrill AH, Desmet KD, Wolf KK, Bridges AS, Eaddy JS, Kurtz CL, Hall JE, Paine MF, Tidwell RR, Watkins PB. A mouse diversity panel approach reveals the potential for clinical kidney injury due to DB289 not predicted by classical rodent models. Toxicol Sci 2012; 130:416-26. [PMID: 22940726 PMCID: PMC3498743 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
DB289 is the first oral drug shown in clinical trials to have efficacy in treating African trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness). Mild liver toxicity was noted but was not treatment limiting. However, development of DB289 was terminated when several treated subjects developed severe kidney injury, a liability not predicted from preclinical testing. We tested the hypothesis that the kidney safety liability of DB289 would be detected in a mouse diversity panel (MDP) comprised of 34 genetically diverse inbred mouse strains. MDP mice received 10 days of oral treatment with DB289 or vehicle and classical renal biomarkers blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (sCr), as well as urine biomarkers of kidney injury were measured. While BUN and sCr remained within reference ranges, marked elevations were observed for kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in the urine of sensitive mouse strains. KIM-1 elevations were not always coincident with elevations in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), suggesting that renal injury was not linked to hepatic injury. Genome-wide association analyses of KIM-1 elevations indicated that genes participating in cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis and transport, oxidative stress, and cytokine release may play a role in DB289 renal injury. Taken together, the data resulting from this study highlight the utility of using an MDP to predict clinically relevant toxicities, to identify relevant toxicity biomarkers that may translate into the clinic, and to identify potential mechanisms underlying toxicities. In addition, the sensitive mouse strains identified in this study may be useful in screening next-in-class compounds for renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison H Harrill
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Hamner-University of North Carolina Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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