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Ironson G, Ahmad SS. Frequency of Private Prayer Predicts Survival Over 6 Years in a Nationwide U.S. Sample of Individuals with a Chronic Illness. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:2910-2923. [PMID: 37515683 PMCID: PMC11319365 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Prayer is central to religious/spiritual life, and there are many claims for its effectiveness. However, few studies have examined whether frequency of prayer predicts survival in people with a chronic illness. This study follows a nationwide United States sample of people with a chronic illness (N = 1931) from 2014 to 2020. Those who prayed on a daily basis or more were significantly more likely to survive over 6 years (Hazard Ratio = 1.48; 95% Confidence Intervals: 1.08-2.03) compared with those who prayed less often, after controlling for biomedical variables (age, medical symptoms), sociodemographics (sex, race, and education), psychosocial variables (depression, social support), and health behaviors (alcohol use, smoking, exercise, and body mass index/weight).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Ironson
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL, 33124-0751, USA.
| | - Salman Shaheen Ahmad
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL, 33124-0751, USA
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2
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Park JW, Wilson-Barthes MG, Dulin AJ, Hogan JW, Mugavero MJ, Napravnik S, Carey MP, Fava JL, Dale SK, Earnshaw VA, Johnson B, Dougherty-Sheff S, Agil D, Howe CJ. Multilevel Resilience and HIV Virologic Suppression Among African American/Black Adults in the Southeastern United States. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:313-325. [PMID: 37043167 PMCID: PMC10092932 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01520-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess overall and by neighborhood risk environments whether multilevel resilience resources were associated with HIV virologic suppression among African American/Black adults in the Southeastern United States. SETTING AND METHODS This clinical cohort sub-study included 436 African American/Black participants enrolled in two parent HIV clinical cohorts. Resilience was assessed using the Multilevel Resilience Resource Measure (MRM) for African American/Black adults living with HIV, where endorsement of a MRM statement indicated agreement that a resilience resource helped a participant continue HIV care despite challenges or was present in a participant's neighborhood. Modified Poisson regression models estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for virologic suppression as a function of categorical MRM scores, controlling for demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics at or prior to sub-study enrollment. We assessed for effect measure modification (EMM) by neighborhood risk environments. RESULTS Compared to participants with lesser endorsement of multilevel resilience resources, aPRs for virologic suppression among those with greater or moderate endorsement were 1.03 (95% confidence interval: 0.96-1.11) and 1.03 (0.96-1.11), respectively. Regarding multilevel resilience resource endorsement, there was no strong evidence for EMM by levels of neighborhood risk environments. CONCLUSIONS Modest positive associations between higher multilevel resilience resource endorsement and virologic suppression were at times most compatible with the data. However, null findings were also compatible. There was no strong evidence for EMM concerning multilevel resilience resource endorsement, which could have been due to random error. Prospective studies assessing EMM by levels of the neighborhood risk environment with larger sample sizes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Won Park
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Box G-S121-2, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, USA
- Program in Epidemiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Marta G Wilson-Barthes
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Box G-S121-2, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Akilah J Dulin
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Joseph W Hogan
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael J Mugavero
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sonia Napravnik
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael P Carey
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Joseph L Fava
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sannisha K Dale
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Valerie A Earnshaw
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Bernadette Johnson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sarah Dougherty-Sheff
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Deana Agil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chanelle J Howe
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Box G-S121-2, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, USA.
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Ransome Y, Taggart T, Huang AS, Vermund SH, Mayer KH, Nunn AS. Increasing Spiritual Beliefs are Associated With Lower HIV Incidence Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men: Results From HPTN 061 Longitudinal Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2023; 94:196-202. [PMID: 37850978 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a limited understanding about the impact of spiritual beliefs and activities on HIV seroconversion among black men who have sex with men (BMSM), which we investigate in this study. SETTING United States. METHODS The HIV Prevention Trials Network Study 061 collected demographic and biomedical assessments among BMSM across 6 United States cities for longitudinal analysis. Spiritual beliefs and spiritual activities are constructed composite scales. Bivariate analyses among 894 who provided data at 12-month follow-up compared men who seroconverted to HIV between baseline and 6 months with those who remained uninfected with HIV at 12 months. Cox proportional hazard regression among 944 men tested spiritual beliefs and activities on the longitudinal risk of HIV seroconversion adjusting for age and any sexually transmitted infection (STI). RESULTS Among this sample, HIV incidence between baseline and 6 months was 1.69%, (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.04 to 2.77). Men who seroconverted to HIV were significantly younger than those who remained uninfected at the 12-month follow-up: (mean age 27, SD = 11 vs 37, SD = 12) and a higher proportion reported any STI (46.67% vs 11.39%, P < 0.01). A one-unit increase in spiritual beliefs was associated with lower hazard rate of seroconverting to HIV at follow-up [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.37, 95% CI: = (0.16 to 0.87)]. Religious service attendance and spiritual activities were unrelated to seroconverting. CONCLUSIONS Spirituality is important in the lives of BMSM. Biomedical and behavioral HIV prevention interventions should consider assessing spiritual beliefs in HIV care among BMSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Ransome
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Heaven, CT
| | - Tamara Taggart
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Heaven, CT
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute, School of Public Health, Washington, DC
| | - Amber Shu Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy University of Florida, Gainsville, FL
| | - Sten H Vermund
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amy S Nunn
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; and
- Rhode Island Public Health Institute, Providence, RI
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Kent BV, Upenieks L, Kanaya AM, Warner ET, Cozier YC, Daviglus ML, Eliassen H, Jang DY, Shields AE. Religion/Spirituality and Prevalent Hypertension among Ethnic Cohorts in the Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:649-661. [PMID: 37265144 PMCID: PMC10354840 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a significant public health issue, particularly for Blacks, Hispanics/Latinos, and South Asians who are at greater risk than whites. Religion and spirituality (R/S) have been shown to be protective, but this has been identified primarily in whites with limited R/S measures examined (i.e., religious service attendance). PURPOSE To assess hypertension prevalence (HP) in four racial/ethnic groups while incorporating an array of R/S variables, including individual prayer, group prayer, nontheistic daily spiritual experiences, yoga, gratitude, positive religious coping, and negative religious coping. METHODS Data were drawn from the Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health, a consortium of ethnically diverse U.S. cohorts. The sample included 994 Black women, 838 Hispanic/Latino men and women, 879 South Asian men and women, and 3681 white women. Using a cross-sectional design, prevalence ratios for R/S and hypertension were reported for each cohort, in addition to pooled analyses. Given differences in R/S among men and women, all models were stratified by gender. RESULTS Different patterns of associations were found between women and men. Among women: 1) religious attendance was associated with lower HP among Black and white women; 2) gratitude was linked to lower HP among Hispanic/Latino, South Asian, and white women; 3) individual prayer was associated with higher HP among Hispanic/Latino and white women; 4) yoga was associated with higher HP among South Asian women, and 5) negative religious coping was linked to higher HP among Black women. Among men: significant results were only found among Hispanic/Latino men. Religious attendance and individual prayer were associated with higher HP, while group prayer and negative religious coping were associated with lower HP. CONCLUSION Religion/spirituality is a multifaceted construct that manifests differently by race/ethnicity and gender. Medical practitioners should avoid a one-size-fits-all approach to this topic when evaluating prevalent hypertension in diverse communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Victor Kent
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Upenieks
- Department of Sociology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erica T Warner
- Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yvette C Cozier
- Boston University Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Daniel Y Jang
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra E Shields
- Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ironson G, Ahmad SS. Praying for People You Know Predicts Survival over 17 Years Among People Living with HIV in the U.S. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:4081-4095. [PMID: 35999335 PMCID: PMC9398051 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most studies predicting the effects of prayer on health have examined intercessory prayer (prayers by others who often don't know you), yet most people pray for their own health and the health of others who they know. Our study, conducted in Miami, USA, differentiated praying for self, known others, and unknown others in people living with HIV, a virus with clearly defined biological markers of progression, enabling control for initial CD4-count and viral load. Only praying for known others predicted greater survival. People with HIV who prayed for known others were twice as likely to survive over 17 years compared to those who did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Ironson
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
| | - Salman Shaheen Ahmad
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
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Delgadillo JD, Campbell LM, Marquine MJ, Heaton A, Rooney AS, Umlauf A, Jeste DV, Moore DJ, Moore RC. Higher religiosity and spirituality are associated with ethnic group membership among middle-aged and older adults living with HIV. HIV Res Clin Pract 2022; 23:91-98. [PMID: 36000621 PMCID: PMC10243211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Background: HIV is a chronic illness that impacts the lives of more than 1 million people in the United States. As persons living with HIV (PWH) are living longer, it is important to understand the influence that religiosity/spirituality has among middle-aged and older PWH. Objective: Compare the degree of religiosity/spirituality among middle-aged and older PWH and HIV-negative individuals, and to identify demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with religiosity/spirituality among PWH. Method: Baseline data on 122 PWH and 92 HIV-negative individuals (ages 36-65 years; 61.1% Non-Hispanic White) from a longitudinal study were analyzed for the current study. Recruitment occurred through HIV treatment clinics and community organizations in San Diego. Participants completed questionnaires on religiosity, spirituality, and psychosocial functioning. Independent samples t-tests, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to test the study objective. Results: No significant differences in religiosity/spirituality were found between PWH and HIV-negative individuals. Demographic and psychosocial variables were unrelated to religiously/spirituality among HIV-negative individuals. Among PWH, multiple linear regression models indicated higher daily spirituality was significantly associated with racial/ethnic minority membership (Hispanic/Latino, African American/Black, or Other), fewer years of estimated duration of HIV, greater social support, and higher grit. Greater engagement in private religious practices was significantly associated with racial/ethnic minority membership and higher social support. Conclusions: For PWH, being a racial/ethnic minority and having higher social support was associated with greater engagement in religious/spiritual practices. Future longitudinal studies should examine whether religion/spirituality impacts well-being across the lifespan among racial/ethnic minority groups of PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D. Delgadillo
- Advancing Diversity in Aging Research (ADAR) Program, San Diego State University, 6505 Alvarado Road, Suite 110, San Diego, CA 92120
| | - Laura M. Campbell
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, San Diego, CA 92120
| | - Maria J. Marquine
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Anne Heaton
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | - Anya Umlauf
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Dilip V. Jeste
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - David J. Moore
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Raeanne C. Moore
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
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7
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Pan SW, Liang Y, Wu S, Wang W, Hu X, Wang J, Huang W. Health Effects of Religion, Spirituality, and Supernatural Beliefs in Mainland China: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:2726-2742. [PMID: 35347576 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Effects of religion, spirituality and supernatural beliefs (RSS) upon health in mainland China remain poorly understood, despite strong RSS beliefs influencing Chinese society. We conducted a Chinese-English bilingual systematic review to summarize the state of RSS-health research in mainland China. Study quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool. We screened 1858 studies, 162 of which were included in the review. From 2000-2004 to 2015-2019, the number of RSS-health studies in China increased from five to 73. However, only 7% of studies were rated as higher quality. Cross-sectional and case-control studies represented the vast majority of study designs (94%) and religious affiliation was the only RSS measure for 58% of studies. Higher, moderate, and lower quality studies indicated that RSS has both beneficial and adverse health implications. RSS-health research in China has accelerated rapidly in the last 20 years, but fundamental gaps in knowledge remain. Longitudinal study designs and nuanced RSS measures are needed to advance understanding of RSS health effects in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Pan
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Yuxin Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Wu
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanqi Wang
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinwen Hu
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Sanches Furlanetto D, Máximo Niel M, Cordeiro Junior Q, Paulino Trevizol A. From Cursed to Blessed: the Impact of Spirituality on the Life Course of 10 Brazilian Spiritist Mediums. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:2514-2526. [PMID: 32661822 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study analyzed the life course of ten Brazilian spiritist mediums who presented anomalous experiences (AEs). A socio-demographic questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were carried out with a non-clinical group, focusing on spiritual background. The inicial AEs were frightening and anguishing, as mediums have related uncertainty and feeling of being controlled; however, after their contact to Spiritism a new positive context was provided, through acceptance and supportiveness, promoting resilience, altruism and self-knowledge, besides an omnipotence status related to mediumship. It was concluded that harmful spiritual experiences may be positively transformed by reframing processes driven by organized religious doctrines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sanches Furlanetto
- Department of Mental Health, Santa Casa of Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, R. Dr. Cesário Mota Júnior, 112, Vila Buarque, São Paulo, SP, 01221-010, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Máximo Niel
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Quirino Cordeiro Junior
- Department of Mental Health, Santa Casa of Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, R. Dr. Cesário Mota Júnior, 112, Vila Buarque, São Paulo, SP, 01221-010, Brazil
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Wilandika A, Yusof S, Sari DNI. Religiosity, Social Stigma, and Public Acceptance to People Living with HIV/AIDS among Citizens in Bandung, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Social stigma in the form of knowledge aspects, attitudes, or prejudices, and discriminatory behavior is a serious issue that affects people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the surrounding environment.
AIM: The study aimed to determine the correlation between religiosity with social stigma and public acceptance of people living with HIV/AIDS.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study applied a convenience sampling technique and involved 400 people. The subject is a citizen of the community domiciled in Bandung aged between 17 and 65 years. Instruments used included measurements of religiosity, social stigma, and public acceptance. All instruments used have been declared reliable. The data analysis used Spearman’s rank test and used frequency distribution or religiosity levels, social stigma, and public acceptance from the society.
RESULTS: This study revealed that the mean overall religiosity score among the study population was 38.4 ± 5.3 (score range: 15–75). Most people’s social stigma against HIV/AIDS was high (58.7%), with a score of 80.1 ± 24.0. In addition, most of the community was less accepting of the presence of people with HIV/AIDS amid their environment (54.7%) with a score of 35.1 ± 10.2. The results showed a positively correlation between religiosity with social stigma (r = 0.325, 95% CI, p < 0.05) and religiosity with public acceptance (r = 0.506, 95% CI, p < 0.05) of people with HV/AIDS.
CONCLUSIONS: Person’s level of religiosity determines a social stigma against people with HIV/AIDS, and then, this will determine acceptance of people with HIV/AIDS in the community. The data from this study can be used as basic information to develop strategies to reduce stigma by creating awareness and increasing community acceptance of people with HIV/AIDS.
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Hosseini SM, Naseri-Salahshour V, Farsi Z, Esmaeili M, Sajadi M, Maddah Z, Fournier A. The effect of spirituality-oriented psychological counseling on the fear of death among patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Integr Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2022.102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Knight D, Dudenkov DV, Cheshire WP. Religion in the US during the time of a Pandemic: A Medical Perspective. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:3177-3192. [PMID: 34338954 PMCID: PMC8327044 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 80% of Americans identify as religious. As physicians caring for patients with COVID-19, we have seen both positive and negative effects of religious activity during the pandemic. Religious worship generally supports close social interaction, which provides many benefits, especially in mental health, but it can also contradict infection control measures. These forces do not necessarily have to be in opposition to each other. Herein, we present three case vignettes of religious patients who were infected with and recovered from COVID-19. We review the potential benefits and risks of religious activity in the current pandemic, as supported by the medical literature. Finally, we offer some thoughts on how to engage with patients so that the benefits of both religious activity and public health measures are optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacre Knight
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Daniel V Dudenkov
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd., Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
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Salari N, Kazeminia M, Abdi A, Abdolmaleki A, Abdoli N, Mohammadi M, Shohaimi S. Effects of counselling and spiritual care program on anxiety in patients with chronic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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13
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Bassett SM, Brody LR, Jack DC, Weber KM, Cohen MH, Clark TM, Dale SK, Moskowitz JT. Feasibility and Acceptability of a Program to Promote Positive Affect, Well-Being and Gender Empowerment in Black Women Living with HIV. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:1737-1750. [PMID: 33389322 PMCID: PMC7778488 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While programs and interventions intended to increase positive affect among people living with HIV (PLWH) and other chronic diseases have been associated with improved health outcomes, including decreased depression, programs have not been tailored specifically for Black women. We tailored a program designed to increase positive affect and to decrease depressive symptoms in PLWH to a group format for Black WLWH. We also added skills to increase gender empowerment. We then tested the acceptability and feasibility of this program with 8 Black WLWH. The program was acceptable and relatively feasible, as assessed by women’s participation and feedback about program clarity and helpfulness, which women rated above 9 on a 10-point scale. A few women suggested that optimal delivery point for some skills taught would be shortly after HIV diagnosis. A proof-of-concept program intended to bolster positive emotions and gender empowerment and decrease depression can be tailored for Black WLWH and is relatively feasible and acceptable. A randomized controlled trial is needed to assess the preliminary efficacy of this program on positive affect, depression, and other health outcomes for WLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Bassett
- Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - L R Brody
- Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D C Jack
- Fairhaven College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - K M Weber
- Cook County Health and Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M H Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Rush University and Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T M Clark
- Cook County Health and Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S K Dale
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - J T Moskowitz
- Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Effectiveness of Spiritual Counseling on the Enhancement of Hope in Iranian Muslim Patients with Myocardial Infarction: A Two-Month Follow-Up. JOURNAL OF RELIGION & HEALTH 2021; 61:3898-3908. [PMID: 34014472 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hope is the most important source of coping in patients who have experienced acute cardiac events, and despair is considered an important cause of discontinued treatment and a threat to patients' mental health. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of spiritual counseling on hope in patients with myocardial infarction over a two-month period. Fifty-six Iranian Muslim patients with myocardial infarction participated; participants were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (n = 28) or the control group (n = 28). The experiment group received three sessions of group spiritual counseling. The patients' hope was measured before intervention and immediately, one month, and two months after the intervention. The results indicated that no significant difference in hope was present between the intervention and control groups at baseline (Z = - 2.56, effect size = 0.75, P = 0.1). Significance between-group differences favoring the intervention group, however, were noted immediately post-intervention (Z = - 2.72, effect size = 0.91, P = 0.007), one month afterward (Z = - 6.22, effect size = 3.14, P < 0.001), and two months afterward (Z = - 6.10, effect size = 2.65, P < 0.001). Hope significantly improved in the intervention group during the study. Utilizing spiritual counseling as an effective non-aggressive form of treatment can improve hope among patients with myocardial infarction.
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Doolittle BR, McGinnis K, Ransome Y, Fiellin D, Justice A. Mortality, Health, and Substance Abuse by Religious Attendance Among HIV Infected Patients from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:653-660. [PMID: 32902769 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Religion and spirituality have been associated with higher survival and improved biological markers among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). Prior results have largely been among small cohort studies. We examined the association using a larger sample and longitudinal data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) years 2002-2012 (n = 3,685). Attending services at least monthly was associated with higher social support (80% vs 75%, p = 0.002), less unhealthy alcohol use (35% vs 39%, p = 0.006), less marijuana use in the past year (23% vs 32%, p < 0.001), less overall drug use within the past year (27% vs 31%, p = 0.01), and lower depression (20% vs 24%, p = 0.004). Attending services monthly was associated with a reduced mortality risk adjusting for age, race, gender, education, MSM, HCV, VL, CD4, and adherence to ARV (adjusted HazardRatio [aHR] = 0.89, 0.80-0.99). However, after controlling for smoking status, this association of mortality and religious attendance became non-significant (aHR = 0.93, 0.84-1.04).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Doolittle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 8030, Yale Station, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Kathleen McGinnis
- VACS Coordination Center, Veterans Administration Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Yusuf Ransome
- Yale University School of Public Health, 60 College Street LEPH, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - David Fiellin
- VACS Coordination Center, Veterans Administration Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Amy Justice
- VACS Coordination Center, Veterans Administration Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
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Schnell T, Fuchs D, Hefti R. Worldview Under Stress: Preliminary Findings on Cardiovascular and Cortisol Stress Responses Predicted by Secularity, Religiosity, Spirituality, and Existential Search. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:2969-2989. [PMID: 32221758 PMCID: PMC7677289 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study reports preliminary findings on the hypothesis that worldview can predict cardiovascular and cortisol responses to social stress. Based on theory and previous findings, we assumed that worldview security would provide a basis for stress resilience. Accordingly, religious and atheist individuals were expected to show higher stress resilience than spiritual and agnostic participants. Likewise, dimensional measures of religiosity and atheism were hypothesized to predict decreased, and existential search-indicating worldview insecurity-was hypothesized to predict increased physiological stress responses. Subjects included 50 university students who completed online questionnaires and took part in a standardized social stress test (Trier Social Stress Test). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), heart rate (HR), and salivary cortisol (SC) were assessed at baseline, immediately after stress testing, and during a forty-minute recovery period. Worldview comparisons revealed lower cardiovascular stress responses among religious than among atheist and spiritual participants and particularly high baseline SC among spiritual participants. Across the entire sample, existential search showed substantial positive correlations with SBP, HR, and SC stress parameters. The findings suggest that worldview security might partly explain the health benefits often associated with religion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Schnell
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - René Hefti
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Research Institute for Spirituality and Health, Langenthal, Switzerland
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Grill KB, Wang J, Cheng YI, Lyon ME. The Role of Religiousness and Spirituality in Health-related Quality of Life of Persons Living with HIV: A Latent Class Analysis. PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY 2020; 12:494-504. [PMID: 33777311 PMCID: PMC7992907 DOI: 10.1037/rel0000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding how religion and spirituality influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is important for developing holistic, patient-centered treatment. This study determined distinct latent classes of religiousness/spirituality for adult persons living with HIV (PLWH) and associations between latent class membership and HRQoL. METHODS Baseline data was collected from 223 patients in the FAmily CEntered (FACE) Advance Care Planning (ACP) clinical trial for PLWH. Patients completed the Brief Multidimensional Measurement of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS-adapted), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Medical Outcome Study-HIV Survey (MOS-HIV) and the Palliative care Outcome Scale (POS). The optimal number of latent classes was determined by comparing K-Class model with (K-1)-Class model iteratively. The relationship between latent class membership, HRQoL and demographic characteristics was assessed. RESULTS Patients were 56.1% male, 86.1% Black/African American, aged 22-77 (Mean=50.83). 75.3% were Christian. LCA identified three classes: traditionally religious (35%), privately religious (47.1%), and spiritual but not religious (17.9%). MOS-HIV mental health (p < 0.001), MOS-HIV quality of life (p = 0.014) and MOS-HIV health transition (p = 0.016) scores were significantly higher among patients who were traditionally religious. These patients were more likely to be 40+ years and Black. Patients in the privately religious group had the lowest levels of mental health and HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS Understanding how religiousness and spirituality influence HRQoL can help the medical community develop holistic, patient-centered and culturally-sensitive interventions that could improve outcomes for PLWH and potentially mitigate the impact of health disparities within the Black and LGBTQ communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Grill
- California Institute of Integral Studies, Department of Somatic Psychology, 1453 Mission Street, San Francisco, CA 94103
| | - Jichuan Wang
- Children's National Hospital, Children's National Research Institute, Center for Translational Research, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20010
- The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Yao I Cheng
- Children's National Hospital, Children's National Research Institute, Center for Translational Research, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20010
| | - Maureen E Lyon
- Children's National Hospital, Children's National Research Institute, Center for Translational Research, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20010
- The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20037
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Koenig HG. Maintaining Health and Well-Being by Putting Faith into Action During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:2205-2214. [PMID: 32409989 PMCID: PMC7224109 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety and fear adversely affect the physiological systems that protect individuals from infection. This article comments on the role that religious faith and practice can play in helping individuals remain free from infection by the coronavirus and in helping to moderate the effects of infection if that should occur. The author provides six recommendations to help individuals maintain spiritual, mental, and physical resilience during these anxious times of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold G Koenig
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3400, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Anxiety and Avoidance in Adults and Childhood Trauma Are Associated with Negative Religious Coping. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145147. [PMID: 32708795 PMCID: PMC7400485 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Religion as a coping strategy is mostly connected with positive health outcomes. Yet, negative religious coping (NRC) has been associated with rather negative outcomes that affect one’s health. The aim of this study was to explore whether insecure adult attachment and childhood trauma are associated with higher NRC. A sample of Czech adults (n = 531, 51.1 ± 17.2 years; 43.5% men) participated in a survey. As measures, the NRC subscale of the Brief RCOPE, the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised questionnaire, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) were used. From the whole sample, 23.7% respondents reported higher NRC. Respondents with higher anxiety in close relationships were more likely to use negative coping strategies, with an odds ratios (OR) of 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.01–1.59). Similarly, avoidance was associated with negative coping OR = 1.41 (1.13–1.75). Moreover, each subscale of the CTQ-SF revealed a significant association with high summary NRC. Respondents who reported physical neglect scored highest on summary NRC with OR = 1.50 (1.23–1.83) after controlling for sociodemographic variables, but also for anxiety and depression. Our findings support the idea that childhood trauma experience and adult attachment style are associated with higher use of NRC strategies.
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Shields AE, Balboni TA. Building towards common psychosocial measures in U.S. cohort studies: principal investigators' views regarding the role of religiosity and spirituality in human health. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:973. [PMID: 32571256 PMCID: PMC7310072 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to understand prospective cohort study Principal Investigators' (PIs') attitudes regarding the importance of religion and spirituality (R/S) on disease etiology in order to identify barriers and opportunities for greater inclusion of these domains in high-quality epidemiological research. METHODS One-hour, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 PIs, who represent 24 different National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded prospective cohort studies in the U.S. Collectively, these PIs collect detailed health data on approximately 1.25 of every 100 adult Americans. Sample size was calculated to achieve thematic saturation. RESULTS The majority of PIs we interviewed viewed R/S as potentially important factors influencing disease etiology, particularly among minority communities that report higher levels of religiosity. Yet nearly all PIs interviewed felt there was not yet a compelling body of evidence elucidating R/S influences on health, and the potential mechanisms through which R/S may be operating to affect health outcomes. PIs identified 5 key areas that would need to be addressed before they would be persuaded to collect more R/S measures in their cohorts: (1) high-quality, prospective studies that include all appropriate covariates for the outcome under study; (2) studies that posit a plausible biological mechanism of effect; (3) well-validated R/S measures, collected in common across multiple cohorts; (4) the need to address bias against R/S research among investigators; and (5) NIH funding for R/S research. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study provide a roadmap for future R/S research investigating the impact of R/S influences on disease etiology within the context of U.S. prospective cohort studies. Identifying significant R/S influences on health could inform novel interventions to improve population health. Given the higher levels of religiosity/spirituality among minority communities, R/S research may also provide new leverage points for reducing health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Shields
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Suite 802, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tracy A Balboni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Bowen DA, Wang J, Holland K, Bartholow B, Sumner SA. Conversational topics of social media messages associated with state-level mental distress rates. J Ment Health 2020; 29:234-241. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2020.1739251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Bowen
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristin Holland
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brad Bartholow
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven A. Sumner
- Office of Strategy and Innovation, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
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22
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Cho H, Jiang Y, Li X, Deming M. The relationship between self-reported viral load suppression and quality of life among people living with HIV in South Carolina. AIDS Care 2019; 32:1198-1205. [PMID: 31814429 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1698706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring the wellbeing of people living with HIV (PLWH) has become a significant public health concern in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. This study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) among PLWH in South Carolina (SC) and to examine the relationship between self-reported viral load (VL) suppression and their perceived QoL. In 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 402 PLWH from a large immunology clinic in SC. The WHOQoL brief version (WHOQoL-HIV-BREF) instrument with six domains (physical health, psychological health, social relations, independence, environmental health, and spirituality) and two specific questions (overall rate of QoL and satisfaction with health) were used. On a five-point scale, the participants rated their overall rating of QoL as good (mean = 4.07). The participants reported their psychological health as the highest (mean = 3.88) followed by environmental health (mean = 3.82), social relations (mean = 3.69), and independence (mean = 3.47). 71% reported an undetected VL. In multivariable analyses, self-awareness of undetected VL was significantly associated with satisfaction with health, psychological health, social relations, environmental health, but negatively associated with spirituality. These findings suggest that self-awareness of undetected VL had a significant impact on their perceived QoL beyond sociodemographic factors among PLWH who were linked to care in SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsan Cho
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michelle Deming
- Department of Sociology: History, Culture and Society, Baker University, Baldwin City, KS, USA
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Theall KP, Wallace M, Felker-Kantor E, Madkour AS, Brashear M, Ferguson T, Welsh D, Molina P. Neighborhood Alcohol Environment: Differential Effects on Hazardous Drinking and Mental Health by Sex in Persons Living with HIV (PLWH). AIDS Behav 2019; 23:3237-3246. [PMID: 31401740 PMCID: PMC7467156 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02632-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite greater mental health co-morbidities and heavier alcohol use among PLWH, few studies have examined the role of the neighborhood alcohol environment on either alcohol consumption or mental health. Utilizing cross-sectional data from a cohort study in a southern U.S. metropolitan area, we examine the association between neighborhood alcohol environments on hazardous drinking and mental health among 358 in-care PLWH (84% African American, 31% female). Multilevel models were utilized to quantify associations between neighborhood alcohol exposure on hazardous drinking and effect modification by sex. Neighborhood alcohol density was associated with hazardous drinking among men but not women. Women living in alcohol dense neighborhoods were nearly two-fold likely to report depression compared to those in less dense neighborhoods, with no association between neighborhood alcohol density and depression among men. Neighborhood alcohol environments may be an important contextual factor to consider in reducing heavy alcohol consumption and improving mental health among PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Theall
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Comprehensive Alcohol and HIV Research Center (CARC), New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal St., Mailstop 8319, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - M Wallace
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Comprehensive Alcohol and HIV Research Center (CARC), New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - E Felker-Kantor
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A S Madkour
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M Brashear
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Comprehensive Alcohol and HIV Research Center (CARC), New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - T Ferguson
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Comprehensive Alcohol and HIV Research Center (CARC), New Orleans, LA, USA
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - D Welsh
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Comprehensive Alcohol and HIV Research Center (CARC), New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - P Molina
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Comprehensive Alcohol and HIV Research Center (CARC), New Orleans, LA, USA
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Felker-Kantor EA, Wallace ME, Madkour AS, Duncan DT, Andrinopoulos K, Theall K. HIV Stigma, Mental Health, and Alcohol Use Disorders among People Living with HIV/AIDS in New Orleans. J Urban Health 2019; 96:878-888. [PMID: 31520231 PMCID: PMC6904691 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-019-00390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that HIV-related stigma is a contributing factor to mental health and substance use problems among people living with HIV (PLWH). Limited research, however, has examined the differential effects that multiple stigma constructs, specifically, anticipated, enacted, and internalized stigma may have on mental health and alcohol use disorders among PLWH. Furthermore, no studies have examined this relationship within the larger context of urban life stressors. The purpose of this study was to examine associations of an overall HIV-related stigma measure and four HIV stigma subscales on depression, anxiety, and hazardous drinking among a sample of 380 PLWH in New Orleans. Log-Poisson models with generalized estimating equations were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). A test of interaction was used to determine presence of effect modification by urban life stressors. Overall, higher levels of HIV-stigma were associated with depressive symptoms (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.25, 2.23), anxiety symptoms (RR 1.91, 95% CI 1.17, 3.12), and hazardous drinking (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.02, 2.05). Internalized HIV-stigma (measured using the negative self-image subscale) was associated with all three outcomes and had the highest magnitude point estimates across the four stigma subscales. Urban life stressors, measured by the Urban Life Stressors Scale (ULSS), modified the association between HIV-related stigma and mental health and alcohol use disorders (P < 0.2), highlighting the importance for examining the larger urban environmental context. Findings from this study may inform interventions to reduce HIV-related stigma operating at the individual and structural level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica A Felker-Kantor
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Maeve E Wallace
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Aubrey Spriggs Madkour
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Dustin T Duncan
- NYU Spatial Epidemiology Lab, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Katherine Andrinopoulos
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Katherine Theall
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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Dangerfield DT, Williams JE, Bass AS, Wynter T, Bluthenthal RN. Exploring Religiosity and Spirituality in the Sexual Decision-Making of Black Gay and Bisexual Men. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2019; 58:1792-1802. [PMID: 31161470 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00845-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many Black gay and bisexual men (BGBM) practice consistent religious worship and spirituality in order to cope with social challenges. This study utilized data from in-depth qualitative interviews conducted to explore personal meanings of religiosity and spirituality and how these constructs affect partner choices and sexual behaviors among BGBM. Interviews were conducted with 26 BGBM in Los Angeles, California, from September to November 2015. In-depth interviews yielded themes related to BGBM's understanding of religiosity and spirituality and how their personal beliefs influenced their partner choices and sexual risks. Implications for church-based and community-based interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek T Dangerfield
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 855 N. Wolfe St Suite 601, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Jeffery E Williams
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alágra S Bass
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy Wynter
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ricky N Bluthenthal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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26
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Skalski LM, Martin B, Meade CS. Sexual Orientation, Religious Coping, and Drug Use in a Sample of HIV-Infected African-American Men Living in the Southern USA. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2019; 58:1368-1381. [PMID: 30911875 PMCID: PMC6666393 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Religiosity and spirituality are associated with reduced drug use in the general population, but it is unclear whether this relationship generalizes to sexual minorities. This study investigated the relationship between religious coping, drug use, and sexual orientation in a sample of HIV-infected African-American men (40 heterosexuals; 64 sexual minorities). Most participants (76%) reported being "moderately" or "very" religious. We found no main effect of religious coping or sexual orientation on frequency of drug use. However, there was an interaction between positive religious coping and sexual orientation. Among heterosexuals, positive religious coping was inversely associated with frequency of drug use. However, this relationship was not significant among sexual minorities. Findings suggest HIV-infected African-American sexual minorities living in the South may need additional coping resources to decrease vulnerability to drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Skalski
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
| | - Bianca Martin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Christina S Meade
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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Desyani NLJ, Waluyo A, Yona S. The relationship between stigma, religiosity, and the quality of life of HIV-positive MSM in Medan, Indonesia. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2019. [PMID: 31300297 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the relationship between stigma, religiosity, and the quality of life of HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Medan. METHODS This is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach. Data in demographics, stigma, religiosity, and quality of life were obtained directly from the participants. Data were taken from April to May 2018. There were 175 subjects who met the criteria which; (i) HIV-positive MSM; (ii) aged≥18 y.o.; and (iii) able to read and write. RESULTS Bivariate analysis found that there is a negative relationship between stigma and quality of life (p-value=0.007), and there is a positive relationship between religiosity and quality of life (p-value=0.000). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that stigma is an indicator of poor quality of life, while higher religiosity is associated with better quality of life. An interdisciplinary approach is needed in health care planning and social services, to improve the quality of life of HIV-positive MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Luh Jayanthi Desyani
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia; Health of Polytechnic Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Agung Waluyo
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Sri Yona
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
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Alio AP, Makhale L, Hornschuh S, Hlongwane K, Otwombe K, Keefer M, Dietrich JJ. “Loving the sinner, hating the sin”: an investigation of religious leaders’ perceived role in the lives of persons living with HIV in Soweto, South Africa. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.29392/joghr.3.e2019021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Welsh DA, Ferguson T, Theall KP, Simon L, Amedee A, Siggins RW, Nelson S, Brashear M, Mercante D, Molina PE. The New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV Study: Launching a Translational Investigation of the Interaction of Alcohol Use with Biological and Socioenvironmental Risk Factors for Multimorbidity in People Living with HIV. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:704-709. [PMID: 30748025 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are highly prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH) and are associated with increased HIV risk behaviors, suboptimal treatment adherence, potential interaction with medication pharmacodynamics, and greater risk for disease progression. Preclinical studies show that chronic binge alcohol administration accelerates disease progression and aggravates pathogenesis in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaque model despite viral suppression by antiretroviral therapy. METHODS To translate preclinical findings in the rhesus macaque model of chronic binge alcohol administration and SIV infection and to address areas of uncertainty surrounding the biological mechanisms and socioenvironmental modifiers that contribute to the relationship between alcohol use and HIV-associated comorbidities, precocious aging, and disease progression, we designed a translational multiproject, longitudinal, cohort study, and the New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV (NOAH) Study. The NOAH Study is led by a multidisciplinary team of scientists, with a research focus on the interaction of AUD and HIV. The overarching hypothesis is that alcohol use will lead to adverse health outcomes in PLWH. In this report, we describe the study design and baseline descriptive characteristics of our cohort. RESULTS Three-hundred and sixty-five participants completed the baseline testing. The cohort is predominantly male (69%) and African American (83.5%). The majority of participants report incomes below 200% of the federal poverty level. CD4 counts <200 cells/μl were found in 12.8% and viral loads <50 copies/ml were found in 73.6%. These HIV status variables did not differ based upon alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS The NOAH Study facilitates bidirectional translational investigation of alcohol's impact on PLWH. Translation of preclinical findings to PLWH permits confirmation of basic biological mechanisms in humans and also allows incorporation of sociobehavioral factors that may affect biology but are challenging to replicate in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Welsh
- LSUHSC-NO Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center , New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Internal Medicine , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Tekeda Ferguson
- LSUHSC-NO Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center , New Orleans, Louisiana.,Louisiana School of Public Health , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Katherine P Theall
- LSUHSC-NO Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center , New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences , Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Liz Simon
- LSUHSC-NO Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center , New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Physiology , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Angela Amedee
- LSUHSC-NO Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center , New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Robert W Siggins
- LSUHSC-NO Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center , New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Physiology , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Steve Nelson
- LSUHSC-NO Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center , New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Internal Medicine , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Meghan Brashear
- LSUHSC-NO Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center , New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Physiology , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Donald Mercante
- LSUHSC-NO Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center , New Orleans, Louisiana.,Louisiana School of Public Health , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Patricia E Molina
- LSUHSC-NO Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center , New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Physiology , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Cross-cultural support for a link between analytic thinking and disbelief in God: Evidence from India and the United Kingdom. JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s1930297500003417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractA substantial body of evidence suggests that favoring reason over intuition (employing an analytic cognitive style) is associated with reduced belief in God. In the current work, we address outstanding issues in this literature with two studies examining the relationship between analytic cognitive style (as measured by performance on the Cognitive Reflection Test) and belief in God. First, prior research focused on Judeo-Christian cultures, and it is uncertain whether the results generalize to other religious systems or beliefs. Study 1 helps to address this question by documenting a negative correlation between CRT performance and belief in God, r = −.18, in a sample of 513 participants from India, a majority Hindu country. Second, among 150 participants from the United Kingdom, Gervais et al. (2018) reported the first and (to date) only evidence for a positive relationship between CRT and belief in God. In Study 2, we assess the robustness of this result by recruiting 547 participants from the United Kingdom. Unlike Gervais et al., using the same items, we find a negative correlation between CRT and belief in God (r = −.19). Our results add further support to the argument that analytic thinking undermines belief in God.
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31
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Sowell RL. Stigma and Discrimination: Threats to Living Positively with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Nurs Clin North Am 2019; 53:111-121. [PMID: 29362055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy and care advances have resulted in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) living longer and enjoying a higher level of physical well-being. Despite such advances, individuals with HIV continue to confront challenges to living positively, including facing the secondary epidemic of stigma and discrimination. Following is a historical overview of the concept of stigma and an exploration of the causes and consequences of multilevel stigma for individuals with HIV. Strategies used by individuals and societies to manage stigma and avoid negative experiences also are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Sowell
- Academy of Inclusive Learning and Social Growth, WellStar College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw State University, 520 Parliament Garden Way, Prillaman Hall, Room 4211, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA.
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Schneiderman N, McIntosh RC, Antoni MH. Psychosocial risk and management of physical diseases. J Behav Med 2019; 42:16-33. [PMID: 30632000 PMCID: PMC6941845 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-018-00007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During the 40 years since the Yale conference on Behavioral Medicine and the founding of the Journal of Behavioral Medicine considerable progress has been made in understanding the role of psychosocial risk and management of physical diseases. We here describe the development of these fundamental concepts from early research on stress through studies of the Type A behavior pattern to more contemporary approaches to the relationship between psychosocial risks and benefits in relation to disease processes. This includes the relationship of psychosocial risk to cancers, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cardiometabolic disorders, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Human Immune Deficiency Syndrome. During the past 40 years the effects of prolonged distress responses in the pathogenesis of some cancers and CVD have been well-established and modifiable behavioral, cognitive and social factors have been shown to produce favorable outcome components in the management of such diseases as breast cancer, coronary heart disease and HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Schneiderman
- Health Division, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Boulevard, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA.
| | - Roger C McIntosh
- Health Division, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Boulevard, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | - Michael H Antoni
- Health Division, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Boulevard, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
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33
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Ransome Y, Mayer KH, Tsuyuki K, Mimiaga MJ, Rodriguez-Diaz CE, Srithanaviboonchai K, Friedman RK, Limbada M, Safren SA. The Role of Religious Service Attendance, Psychosocial and Behavioral Determinants of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Adherence: Results from HPTN 063 Cohort Study. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:459-474. [PMID: 29956116 PMCID: PMC6310676 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Early and sustained antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence can suppress the HIV virus in individuals and reduce onward transmission of HIV in the population. Religiosity has been associated with better HIV clinical outcomes. Data are from a longitudinal, observational study of 749 HIV-infected individuals from Brazil, Zambia, and Thailand (HPTN 063). Ordered logistic regression assessed whether religious service attendance was associated with ART adherence (self-reported and plasma HIV-RNA) and moderated the association between alcohol problems and ART adherence. In each country, > 80% of participants reported high self-reported ART adherence (good/very good/excellent). Religious service attendance exceeded 85% but was statistically unrelated to adherence. In combined-country models, (p = 0.03) as alcohol problems increased, the probability of high self-reported ART adherence, as well as viral-load, became weaker at higher compared to low service attendance frequency. Future studies should evaluate spirituality variables and replicate the moderation analyses between religious attendance and alcohol problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Ransome
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, LEPH 4th Floor, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiyomi Tsuyuki
- Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Mimiaga
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Ruth K Friedman
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clinica Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Steven A Safren
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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Dulin AJ, Dale SK, Earnshaw VA, Fava JL, Mugavero MJ, Napravnik S, Hogan JW, Carey MP, Howe CJ. Resilience and HIV: a review of the definition and study of resilience. AIDS Care 2019; 30:S6-S17. [PMID: 30632778 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2018.1515470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We use a socioecological model of health to define resilience, review the definition and study of resilience among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) in the existing peer-reviewed literature, and discuss the strengths and limitations of how resilience is defined and studied in HIV research. We conducted a review of resilience research for HIV-related behaviors/outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, clinic attendance, CD4 cell count, viral load, viral suppression, and/or immune functioning among PLWH. We performed searches using PubMed, PsycINFO and Google Scholar databases. The initial search generated 14,296 articles across the three databases, but based on our screening of these articles and inclusion criteria, n = 54 articles were included for review. The majority of HIV resilience research defines resilience only at the individual (i.e., psychological) level or studies individual and limited interpersonal resilience (e.g., social support). Furthermore, the preponderance of HIV resilience research uses general measures of resilience; these measures have not been developed with or tailored to the needs of PLWH. Our review suggests that a socioecological model of health approach can more fully represent the construct of resilience. Furthermore, measures specific to PLWH that capture individual, interpersonal, and neighborhood resilience are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akilah J Dulin
- a Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Sannisha K Dale
- b Department of Psychology , University of Miami , Coral Gables , FL , USA
| | - Valerie A Earnshaw
- c Department of Human Development and Family Sciences , University of Delaware , Newark , DE , USA
| | - Joseph L Fava
- d Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine , The Miriam Hospital , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Michael J Mugavero
- e Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Research , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
| | - Sonia Napravnik
- f Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Joseph W Hogan
- g Center for Statistical Sciences, Department of Biostatistics , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Michael P Carey
- h Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , The Miriam Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Chanelle J Howe
- i Centers for Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Department of Epidemiology , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA
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Cozier YC, Yu J, Wise LA, VanderWeele TJ, Balboni TA, Argentieri MA, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Shields AE. Religious and Spiritual Coping and Risk of Incident Hypertension in the Black Women's Health Study. Ann Behav Med 2018; 52:989-998. [PMID: 30418522 PMCID: PMC6230974 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The few studies of the relationship between religion and/or spirituality (R/S) and hypertension are conflicting. We hypothesized that R/S may reduce the risk of hypertension by buffering adverse physiological effects of stress. Methods We prospectively assessed the association of R/S with hypertension within the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), a cohort study initiated in 1995 that follows participants through biennial questionnaires. The 2005 questionnaire included four R/S questions: (i) extent to which one's R/S is involved in coping with stressful situations, (ii) self-identification as a religious/spiritual person, (iii) frequency of attending religious services, and (iv) frequency of prayer. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each R/S variable in relation to incident hypertension using Cox proportional hazards regression models, controlling for demographics, known hypertension risk factors, psychosocial factors, and other R/S variables. Results During 2005-2013, 5,194 incident cases of hypertension were identified. High involvement of R/S in coping with stressful events compared with no involvement was associated with reduced risk of hypertension (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.00). The association was strongest among women reporting greater levels of perceived stress (IRR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.98; p interaction = .01). More frequent prayer was associated with increased risk of hypertension (IRR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.27). No association was observed for the other R/S measures. Conclusion R/S coping was associated with decreased risk of hypertension in African American women, especially among those reporting higher levels of stress. Further research is needed to understand the mechanistic pathways through which R/S coping may affect health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette C Cozier
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Yu
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler J VanderWeele
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracy A Balboni
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston MA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Austin Argentieri
- National Consortium on Psychosocial Stress, Spirituality, and Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Cancer Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra E Shields
- National Consortium on Psychosocial Stress, Spirituality, and Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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36
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Doolittle BR, Justice AC, Fiellin DA. Religion, Spirituality, and HIV Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review of the Literature. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:1792-1801. [PMID: 28004218 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review evaluates the association between religion, spirituality and clinical outcomes in HIV-infected individuals. A systematic literature review was conducted for all English language articles published between 1980 and 2016 in relevant databases. Six hundred fourteen studies were evaluated. 15 met inclusion criteria. Ten (67%) studies reported a positive association between religion or spirituality and a clinical HIV outcome. Two (13%) studies failed to detect such an association; and two (13%) demonstrated a negative association. One study (7%) identified features of religiosity and spirituality that had both negative and positive associations with HIV clinical outcomes. Recognizing the religious or spiritual commitments of patients may serve as an important component of patient care. Further longitudinal studies and interventions might be required to further clarify the potential impact of religion and spirituality on HIV clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Doolittle
- Internal Medicine & Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, PO BOX 8030, Yale Station ~ 1074b LMP, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - A C Justice
- Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, PO BOX 8030, Yale Station ~ 1074b LMP, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - D A Fiellin
- Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, PO BOX 8030, Yale Station ~ 1074b LMP, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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37
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Chang EC, Yu T, Lee J, Kamble SV, Batterbee CNH, Stam KR, Chang OD, Najarian ASM, Wright KM. Understanding the Association Between Spirituality, Religiosity, and Feelings of Happiness and Sadness Among HIV-Positive Indian Adults: Examining Stress-Related Growth as a Mediator. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2018; 57:1052-1061. [PMID: 29302854 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-017-0540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the role of stress-related growth as a mediator of the associations between spirituality, religiosity, and feelings of happiness and sadness in a sample of 178 HIV-positive Indian adults. Results indicated that spirituality, but not religiosity, was associated with feelings of happiness and sadness. Subsequent mediation analyses indicated that stress-related growth fully mediated the relationships involving spirituality and feelings of happiness and sadness. Overall, our findings point to the importance of facilitating greater spiritual development among HIV-positive Indians, as well as promoting strategies that help them develop and apply stress-related growth coping methods in their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Tina Yu
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jerin Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | | | - Kayla R Stam
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Olivia D Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Kaitlin M Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
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Adong J, Lindan C, Fatch R, Emenyonu NI, Muyindike WR, Ngabirano C, Winter MR, Lloyd-Travaglini C, Samet JH, Cheng DM, Hahn JA. The Relationship Between Spirituality/Religiousness and Unhealthy Alcohol Use Among HIV-Infected Adults in Southwestern Uganda. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:1802-1813. [PMID: 28555316 PMCID: PMC5708153 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HIV and alcohol use are two serious and co-existing problems in sub-Saharan Africa. We examined the relationship between spirituality and/or religiousness (SR) and unhealthy alcohol use among treatment-naïve HIV-infected adults attending the HIV clinic in Mbarara, Uganda. Unhealthy alcohol was defined as having either an alcohol use disorders identification test-consumption score of ≥4 for men or ≥3 for women, or having a phosphatidylethanol level of ≥50 ng/ml based on analysis of dried bloodspot specimens. Of the 447 participants, 67.8% were female; the median age was 32 years (interquartile range [IQR] 27-40). About half reported being Protestant (49.2%), 35.1% Catholic, and 9.2% Muslim. The median SR score was high (103 [IQR 89-107]); 43.3% drank at unhealthy levels. Higher SR scores were associated with lower odds of unhealthy drinking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.83 per standard deviation [SD] increase; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66-1.03). The "religious behavior" SR subscale was significantly associated with unhealthy alcohol use (aOR: 0.72 per SD increase; 95% CI 0.58-0.88). Religious institutions, which facilitate expression of religious behavior, may be helpful in promoting and maintaining lower levels of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Adong
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Christina Lindan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Robin Fatch
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Nneka I Emenyonu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Winnie R Muyindike
- Department of Medicine, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey H Samet
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debbie M Cheng
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judith A Hahn
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Dalmida SG, McCoy K, Koenig HG, Miller A, Holstad MM, Thomas T, Clayton-Jones D, Grant M, Fleming T, Wirani MM, Mugoya G. Examination of the Role of Religious and Psychosocial Factors in HIV Medication Adherence Rates. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2017; 56:2144-2161. [PMID: 28285439 PMCID: PMC9897031 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-017-0377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with favorable HIV outcomes, including higher CD4 cell counts, HIV virus suppression and a lower risk of HIV transmission. However, only 25% of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) in the USA are virally suppressed. Sub-optimal adherence (<90-95%) contributes to antiretroviral resistance and worse medical outcomes, including more rapid progression to AIDS and death. Psychosocial factors and religion/spirituality (R/S) have a significant impact on ART adherence, but the findings are mixed. The purpose of this study was to examine religious and psychosocial correlates and predictors of ≥90% ART adherence in PLWH. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 292 outpatient PLWH in the Southeastern USA. Participants completed computerized surveys. The mean ART adherence percentage was 80.9% and only about half reported ≥90% adherence. There were statistically significant differences in ART adherence rates based on age, depressive symptom status and frequency of religious attendance and prayer. Praying at least once a day was significantly associated with ≥90% ART adherence (OR = 2.26, 95% CI [1.06-4.79], p < 0.05). Social support satisfaction was also significantly associated with ART adherence (OR = 1.52, 95% CI [1.11-2.08], p < 0.05) and energy/fatigue/vitality (OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.00-1.05], p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiya George Dalmida
- Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, 650 University Blvd, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Katryna McCoy
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Washington, Bothell, WA, USA
| | - Harold G Koenig
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aretha Miller
- College of Health Sciences, Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Tami Thomas
- Nicole Werthiem College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dora Clayton-Jones
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Terri Fleming
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - George Mugoya
- College of Education, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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40
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Gonçalves JPDB, Lucchetti G, Menezes PR, Vallada H. Complementary religious and spiritual interventions in physical health and quality of life: A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186539. [PMID: 29049421 PMCID: PMC5648186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether religious and spiritual interventions (RSIs) can promote physical health and quality of life in individuals. METHODS The following databases were used to conduct a systematic review: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and Scielo. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated RSIs regarding physical health outcomes and/or quality of life in English, Spanish or Portuguese were included. RSI protocols performed at a distance (i.e. intercessory prayer) or for psychiatric disorders were excluded. This study consisted of two phases: (a) reading titles and abstracts, and (b) assessing the full articles and their methodological quality using the Cochrane Back Review Group scale. RESULTS In total, 7,070 articles were identified in the search, but 6884 were excluded in phase 1 because they were off topic or repeated in databases. Among the 186 articles included in phase 2, 140 were excluded because they did not fit the inclusion criteria and 16 did not have adequate randomization process. Thus, a final selection of 30 articles remained. The participants of the selected studies were classified in three groups: chronic patients (e.g., cancer, obesity, pain), healthy individuals and healthcare professionals. The outcomes assessed included quality of life, physical activity, pain, cardiac outcomes, promotion of health behaviors, clinical practice of healthcare professionals and satisfaction with protocols. The divergence concerning scales and protocols proposed did not allow a meta-analysis. RSIs as a psychotherapy approach were performed in 40% of the studies, and the control group was more likely to use an educational intervention (56.7%). The results revealed small effect sizes favoring RSIs in quality of life and pain outcomes and very small effects sizes in physical activity, promotion of health behaviors and clinical practice of health professionals compared with other complementary strategies. Other outcomes, such as cardiac measures and satisfaction with the protocols, revealed no evidence for RSIs. Regarding the quality of the selected articles according to the Cochrane Back Review Group Scale, the average score was 6.83 (SD = 9.08) on a scale of 11, demonstrating robustness in the studies. CONCLUSION Clinical trials on RSIs demonstrated that they had small benefits compared with other complementary health therapies by reducing pain and weight, improving quality of life and promoting health behaviors. The lack of clinical trials that included biological outcomes and the diversity of approaches indicate a need for more studies to understand the possible mechanisms of action of RSIs and their roles in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giancarlo Lucchetti
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Homero Vallada
- Instituto de Psiquiatria (LIM-23/ProSER), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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41
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Mishra SK, Togneri E, Tripathi B, Trikamji B. Spirituality and Religiosity and Its Role in Health and Diseases. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2017; 56:1282-1301. [PMID: 26345679 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-015-0100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Religiosity is a factor involved in the management of health and diseases/patient longevity. This review article uses comprehensive, evidence-based studies to evaluate the nature of religiosity that can be used in clinical studies, thus avoiding contradictory reports which arise from misinterpretation of religiosity. We conclude that religiosity is multidimensional in nature and ultimately associated with inherent protection against diseases and overall better quality of life. However, a number of untouched aspects of religiosity need to be investigated further before we can introduce religiosity in its fully functional form to the realm of health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shri K Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, VA Greater Los Angeles HCS, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Olive View UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Togneri
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Byomesh Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, VA Greater Los Angeles HCS, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bhavesh Trikamji
- Department of Neurology, VA Greater Los Angeles HCS, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Olive View UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, USA
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42
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Emlet CA, Harris L, Pierpaoli CM, Furlotte C. "The Journey I Have Been Through": The Role of Religion and Spirituality in Aging Well Among HIV-Positive Older Adults. Res Aging 2017; 40:257-280. [PMID: 29400250 DOI: 10.1177/0164027517697115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The National Institutes of Health human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Aging Working Group identified spirituality as a research emphasis. This qualitative study examines the importance of religion and spirituality among 30 HIV-positive older adults. Using modified grounded theory, adults 50+ were recruited in Ontario, Canada, through AIDS service organizations, clinics, and community agencies. Descriptions of religion and spirituality encapsulated the idea of a journey, which had two components: the long-term HIV survivor profile combined with the experience of aging itself. A final category of HIV as a spiritual journey was finalized through consensus and included the properties of (1) being rejected by as well as rejection of formalized religion, (2) differentiating spirituality from religion, (3) having a connection, (4) feeling grateful, and (5) mindfulness and learning new skills. Interventions fostering resilience and strengths in HIV-positive older adults using spirituality should be considered, including the promotion of person-centered spirituality and interventions that include mindfulness and skill building.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lesley Harris
- 2 Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Charles Furlotte
- 4 School of Social Work, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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43
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Shields AE. Epigenetic signals of how social disadvantage “gets under the skin”: a challenge to the public health community. Epigenomics 2017; 9:223-229. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Shields
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations & Health Disparities, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Suite 901, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- National Consortium on Psychosocial Stress, Spirituality & Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Suite 901, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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44
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Smith ST, Blanchard J, Kools S, Butler D. Reconnecting to Spirituality: Christian-Identified Adolescents and Emerging Adult Young Men's Journey from Diagnosis of HIV to Coping. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2017; 56:188-204. [PMID: 27216031 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spirituality is important to holistic health, yet little is known about its impact on young people with HIV. To address this knowledge deficit, a grounded theory study used semi-structured interviews of 20 Christian-identified adolescent and emerging adult gay males and one perinatally infected male. This study revealed that, to cope with HIV health issues, participants used a process of reconnecting with their spirituality. In order to successfully reconnect with their spirituality, study participants reported a need to re-embrace and re-engage in spiritual practices, hold onto hope, believe they are normal, and commit to beliefs and practices despite rejection from the church.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon T Smith
- Hahn School of Nursing, University of San Diego, 10146 Challenger Circle, Spring Valley, San Diego, CA, 91978-2016, USA.
| | - Jennifer Blanchard
- Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susan Kools
- Madge M. Jones Professor, University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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45
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Aholou TM, Cooks E, Murray A, Sutton MY, Gaul Z, Gaskins S, Payne-Foster P. "Wake Up! HIV is at Your Door": African American Faith Leaders in the Rural South and HIV Perceptions: A Qualitative Analysis. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2016; 55:1968-1979. [PMID: 26883229 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In Alabama, 70 % of new HIV cases are among African Americans. Because the Black Church plays an important role for many African Americans in the south, we conducted qualitative interviews with 10 African American pastors recruited for an HIV intervention study in rural Alabama. Two main themes emerged: (1) HIV stigma is prevalent and (2) the role of the Black Church in addressing HIV in the African American community. Our data suggest that pastors in rural Alabama are willing to be engaged in HIV prevention solutions; more formalized training is needed to decrease stigma, strengthen HIV prevention and support persons living with HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffiany M Aholou
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Eric Cooks
- University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Ashley Murray
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Madeline Y Sutton
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Zaneta Gaul
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- ICF International, Atlanta, GA, USA
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46
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AbdAleati NS, Mohd Zaharim N, Mydin YO. Religiousness and Mental Health: Systematic Review Study. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2016; 55:1929-1937. [PMID: 27654836 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-014-9896-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many people use religious beliefs and practices to cope with stressful life events and derive peace of mind and purpose in life. The goal of this paper was to systematically review the recent psychological literature to assess the role of religion in mental health outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using medical and psychological databases on the relationship between religiosity and mental health. Seventy-four articles in the English and Arabic languages published between January 2000 and March 2012 were chosen. Despite the controversial relationship between religion and psychiatry, psychology, and medical care, there has been an increasing interest in the role which spirituality and religion play in mental health. The findings of past research showed that religion could play an important role in many situations, as religious convictions and rules influence the believer's life and health care. Most of the past literature in this area reported that there is a significant connection between religious beliefs and practices and mental health.
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47
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Moorley CR, Cahill S, Corcoran NT. Life after Stroke: Coping mechanisms among African Caribbean Women. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2016; 24:769-778. [PMID: 26094703 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the UK, stroke is the third most common cause of death for women and the incidence in African Caribbean women is higher than that in the general population. Stroke burden has major consequences for the physical, mental and social health of African Caribbean women. In order to adjust to life after stroke, individuals affected employ a range of strategies which may include personal, religious (church) or spiritual support (i.e. prayer), individual motivation or resignation to life with a disability. This study explored these areas through the coping mechanisms that African Caribbean women utilised post stroke in the context of stroke recovery and lifestyle modification efforts needed to promote healthy living post stroke. A qualitative approach using interpretative phenomenological analysis was adopted. Seven women were recruited into the study. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were audio recorded and were transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using a four-stage framework: familiarisation, sense making, developing themes, and data refinement and analysis. Three main themes on coping emerged: the need to follow medical rules to manage stroke, strength and determination, and the use of religion and faith to cope with life after stroke. These findings illustrate both a tension between religious beliefs and the medical approach to stroke and highlight the potential benefits that religion and the church can play in stroke recovery. Implications for practice include acknowledgement and inclusion of religion- and church-based health promotion in post-stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin R Moorley
- Adult Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK.
| | - Sharon Cahill
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Nova T Corcoran
- School of Life Sciences, University of South Wales, Cardiff, UK
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48
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Lyon ME, Kimmel AL, Cheng YI, Wang J. The Role of Religiousness/Spirituality in Health-Related Quality of Life Among Adolescents with HIV: A Latent Profile Analysis. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2016; 55:1688-1699. [PMID: 27071797 PMCID: PMC4958602 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether distinct latent profiles of religiousness/spirituality exist for ALWH, and if so, are latent profile memberships associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Latent profile analysis of religiosity identified four profiles/groups. Compared to the other three groups, higher levels of emotional well-being were found among young perinatally infected adolescents who attended religious services, but who did not pray privately, feel God's presence or identify as religious or spiritual. Social HRQoL was significantly higher among the highest overall religious/spiritual group. Understanding adolescent profiles of religiousness/spirituality on HRQoL could inform faith-based interventions. Trial registration NCT01289444.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen E Lyon
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Center for Translational Science/Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC, 20010-2970, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Public Health, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | - Yao Iris Cheng
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Center for Translational Science/Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC, 20010-2970, USA
| | - Jichuan Wang
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Center for Translational Science/Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC, 20010-2970, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
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49
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Ironson G, Kremer H, Lucette A. Relationship Between Spiritual Coping and Survival in Patients with HIV. J Gen Intern Med 2016; 31:1068-76. [PMID: 27149968 PMCID: PMC4978670 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-016-3668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of spirituality in initially healthy people have shown a survival advantage, yet there are fewer research studies in the medically ill, despite the widespread use of spirituality/religiousness to cope with serious physical illness. In addition, many studies have used limited measures such as religious service attendance. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine if, independent of medication adherence, the use of spirituality/religiousness to cope with HIV predicts survival over 17 years. DESIGN This was a longitudinal study, started in 1997. Study materials were administered semi annually. PARTICIPANTS A diverse sample of 177 HIV patients initially in the mid-stage of disease (150-500 CD4-cells/mm(3); no prior AIDS-defining symptoms) participated in the study. MAIN MEASURES Participants were administered a battery of psychosocial questionnaires and a blood draw. They completed interviews and essays to assess current stressors. Spiritual coping (overall/strategies) was rated by qualitative content analysis of interviews regarding stress and coping with HIV, and essays. KEY RESULTS Controlling for medical variables (baseline CD4/viral load) and demographics, Cox regression analyses showed that overall positive spiritual coping significantly predicted greater survival over 17 years (mortality HR = 0.56, p = 0.039). Findings held even after controlling for health behaviors (medication adherence, substance use) and social support. Particular spiritual coping strategies that predicted longer survival included spiritual practices (HR = 0.26, p < 0.001), spiritual reframing (HR = 0.27, p = 0.006), overcoming spiritual guilt (HR = 0.24, p < 0.001), spiritual gratitude (HR = 0.40, p = 0.002), and spiritual empowerment (HR = 0.52, p = 0.024), indicating that people using these strategies were 2-4 times more likely to survive. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge this is the first study showing a prospective relationship of spiritual coping in people who are medically ill with survival over such a long period of time, and also specifically identifies several strategies of spirituality that may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Ironson
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL, 33124-0751, USA.
| | - Heidemarie Kremer
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL, 33124-0751, USA
| | - Aurelie Lucette
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL, 33124-0751, USA
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50
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Van Wagoner N, Elopre L, Westfall AO, Mugavero MJ, Turan J, Hook EW. Reported Church Attendance at the Time of Entry into HIV Care is Associated with Viral Load Suppression at 12 Months. AIDS Behav 2016; 20:1706-12. [PMID: 26936149 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Southeast has high rates of church attendance and HIV infection rates. We evaluated the relationship between church attendance and HIV viremia in a Southeastern US, HIV-infected cohort. Viremia (viral load ≥200 copies/ml) was analyzed 12 months after initiation of care. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were fit for variables potentially related to viremia. Of 382 patients, 74 % were virally suppressed at 12 months. Protective variables included church attendance (AOR 0.5; 95 % CI 0.2, 0.9), being on antiretroviral therapy (AOR 0.01; 95 % CI 0.004, 0.04), CD4(+) T lymphocyte count 200-350 cells/mm(3) at care entry (AOR 0.3; 95 % 0.1, 0.9), and education (AOR 0.5; 95 % CI 0.2, 0.9). Variables predicting viremia included black race (AOR 3.2; 95 % CI 1.4, 7.4) and selective disclosure of HIV status (AOR 2.7; 95 % CI 1.2, 5.6). Church attendance may provide needed support for patients entering HIV care for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Van Wagoner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, ZRB 206, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Latesha Elopre
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, ZRB 206, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Andrew O Westfall
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, ZRB 206, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Michael J Mugavero
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, ZRB 206, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Janet Turan
- Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Edward W Hook
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, ZRB 206, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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