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Alhobeira HA, Sharma A, Sharma A, Khan M, Lohani M, Khan S, Fahmy EK, Esmaeel SE, Agarwal A. Short-term, nonsurgical periodontal therapy boosts interleukin-12 levels and reduces oral cancer risk. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:1949-1955. [PMID: 38698250 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines, including interleukin-12 (IL-12), are proteins that regulate cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and function. IL-12 is a heterodimeric proinflammatory cytokine. It possesses tumoricidal properties and promotes M1 macrophage polarization and IFN-γ production by T helper (Th1) cells, which in turn stimulates the antitumor cytotoxic cluster of eight positive (CD8+) and natural killer cells, therefore activating an effector immune response against tumor cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Herein, the IL-2 levels of 60 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) were assessed. Plaque index, gingival index, pocket probing depth, bleeding on probing percentage (BOP %), and clinical attachment loss were the clinical indicators reported. RESULTS Patients with GCP in the pretreatment group had substantially lower mean IL-12 levels than those in the post-treatment group. Short-term, nonsurgical treatment (NST) considerably improved periodontal indices and increased IL-12 levels, thereby reducing oral cancer risk. CONCLUSION NST is a cost-effective and accessible cancer prevention procedure for general dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazza A Alhobeira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Department of Dentistry, LLRM Medical College, CCS University Meerut, Meerut, 250002, UP, India.
| | - Ananya Sharma
- Department of Dentistry, LLRM Medical College, CCS University Meerut, Meerut, 250002, UP, India
| | - Mahvish Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohtashim Lohani
- Medical Research Centre, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam K Fahmy
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safya E Esmaeel
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anshoo Agarwal
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Zhu J, Fan X, Ding L, Song T. Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis and primary analysis of dominant bacteria in subgingival biofilm: a case report. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241245302. [PMID: 38663906 PMCID: PMC11047238 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241245302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis (IGF), a rare fibroproliferative disease of unknown etiology, affects gingival tissue and has substantial adverse effects on patients. Therefore, the pathogenesis of IGF requires more extensive and in-depth research. In this case, a patient with confirmed IGF underwent initial nonsurgical periodontal therapy and gingivectomy, and the prognosis was good. The patient had no loss of periodontal attachment but had a history of swelling and bleeding of the gingiva prior to fibrous enlargement, which prompted further investigation. We explored the patient's subgingival microbiome and found a high abundance of periodontal pathogens. Gingival tissue biopsy revealed abundant fibrous tissue containing multiple inflammatory cell infiltrates. These results suggest that gingival inflammation secondary to periodontal pathogens can contribute to IGF onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Zhu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Fan
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lili Ding
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianzhu Song
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
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AlMoharib HS, AlAskar MH, AlShabib AN, Almadhoon HW, AlMohareb TS. The effectiveness of dental water jet in reducing dental plaque and gingival bleeding in orthodontic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:56-64. [PMID: 37694518 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This systematic review and meta-analysis tests the effectiveness of dental water jet (DWJ) with manual toothbrushes (MTB) compared to MTB alone in oral health maintenance in orthodontic patients. METHODS Four databases were systematically searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Cochrane Library until 6 January 2022 using a combination of medical subject heading (MeSH) terms and keywords. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were only included and critically appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool. The mean difference (MD) effect measure was calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel statistical test (95% confidence interval [CI]) to compare both study groups (p-value < 0.05). RESULTS After reviewing 5881 studies from a systematic search, six were selected for inclusion, with four involved in the quantitative analysis. The risk of bias was low in two studies, moderate in two studies and high in the remaining two studies. The meta-analysis showed a significant improvement in plaque index and bleeding scores in DWJ + MTB group compared MTB alone group in orthodontic patients with generalized gingivitis (MD = -0.75, 95% CI [-1.29, -0.22], p = 0.006) and (MD = -0.17, 95% CI [-0.27, -0.08], p = 0.0003), respectively. However, no significant improvement was detected between both groups in the gingival index. CONCLUSIONS The use of DWJ as an adjunctive device in addition to MTB can be an effective strategy for maintaining oral hygiene in orthodontic patients with gingivitis. However, more high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani S AlMoharib
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour H AlAskar
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman N AlShabib
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Thamer S AlMohareb
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Piwat S, Basic A, Pahumunto N, Teanpaisan R, Dahlen G. Periodontal diseases in Thai schoolchildren. Clinical and microbiological observations. Odontology 2024; 112:232-241. [PMID: 37154987 PMCID: PMC10776494 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of periodontitis among Thai schoolchildren is unknown. In a cross-sectional study, the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases, in a group of Thai schoolchildren, along with the presence and numbers of bacterial species commonly associated with periodontitis were investigated. A consent form was sent out to 192 schoolchildren in one school (Chanachanupathom School) in Chana, Southern Thailand (in the age range of 12-18 years) and 119 attended for a clinical and microbiological examination. Clinical recordings included number of teeth present, DMFT, plaque index, bleeding index, clinical attachment loss (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD). Pooled plaque samples were analyzed with culture and qPCR against bacteria associated with periodontitis. The children had low caries experience (DMFT = 3.2 ± 2.3), poor oral hygiene, high bleeding scores, and 67 (56.3%) had at least one interproximal site with CAL ≥ 1 mm. Thirty-seven (31.1%) of the children were diagnosed with periodontitis stage I, and sixteen (13.4%) were classified as periodontitis Stage II. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was sparsely found in all but the healthy clinical groups (gingivitis, periodontitis Stage I and II), while the groups showed a high prevalence of Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, and Campylobacter species as well as of the periodontitis-associated species Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. Thai schoolchildren have poor oral hygiene with abundant amounts of plaque and high presence of bleeding. Early onset periodontitis is common but mostly in its mild form and is not associated with the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supacharin Piwat
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiological Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Amina Basic
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Ododntology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nuntiya Pahumunto
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiological Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Rawee Teanpaisan
- Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiological Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Gunnar Dahlen
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Ododntology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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5
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Arredondo A, Àlvarez G, Isabal S, Teughels W, Laleman I, Contreras MJ, Isbej L, Huapaya E, Mendoza G, Mor C, Nart J, Blanc V, León R. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing study of subgingival microbiota of healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis from four different countries. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1176-1187. [PMID: 37246304 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the differences between the subgingival microbiota of healthy subjects (HS) and periodontitis patients (PP) from four different countries through a metagenomic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subgingival samples were obtained from subjects from four different countries. Microbial composition was analysed through high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The country of origin, diagnosis and clinical and demographic variables of the subjects were used to analyse the microbial profiles. RESULTS In total, 506 subgingival samples were analysed: 196 from HS and 310 from patients with periodontitis. Differences in richness, diversity and microbial composition were observed when comparing samples pertaining to different countries of origin and different subject diagnoses. Clinical variables, such as bleeding on probing, did not significantly affect the bacterial composition of the samples. A highly conserved core of microbiota associated with periodontitis was detected, while the microbiota associated with periodontally HS was much more diverse. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal diagnosis of the subjects was the main variable explaining the composition of the microbiota in the subgingival niche. Nevertheless, the country of origin also had a significant impact on the microbiota and is therefore an important factor to consider when describing subgingival bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Àlvarez
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Isabal
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - W Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Laleman
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M J Contreras
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Isbej
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Huapaya
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - G Mendoza
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Department of Periodontics, University of Pennsylvania, School of dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C Mor
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R León
- Department of Microbiology, DENTAID Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Mohideen K, Chandrasekar K, Ramsridhar S, Rajkumar C, Ghosh S, Dhungel S. Assessment of Oxidative Stress by the Estimation of Lipid Peroxidation Marker Malondialdehyde (MDA) in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:6014706. [PMID: 37288387 PMCID: PMC10243953 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6014706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the oxidative stress-mediated lipid peroxidation end product malondialdehyde (MDA) in periodontitis using the available literature. Materials and Methods An electronic literature search was performed for the published articles from 2000 to 2022 in PubMed (MeSH), Science Direct, Wiley Online library, and cross-reference using specific keywords. Results The literature search identified 1,166 articles. After analyzing the abstracts of the obtained articles, the articles were excluded for the following reasons: duplicate studies (n = 395) and not relevant to the research question (n = 726). The remaining 45 articles were chosen for full-text evaluation. Finally, the present qualitative synthesis selected 34 articles that met the inclusion criteria for evaluation and removed the articles which did not meet the required criteria (n = 11). Out of these, 16 articles had coherent data for quantitative synthesis. The meta-analysis used the standardized mean differences method at a 95% confidence interval by random-effects model. The periodontitis group displayed significantly higher MDA levels (P < 0.001) in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, and serum samples of the studies analyzed than the healthy control. Conclusion The analyzed studies showed significantly higher MDA levels in various biological samples of patients with periodontitis, supporting the role of elevated oxidative stress and consequent lipid peroxidation in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Mohideen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Krithika Chandrasekar
- Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, West K. K. Nagar, Chennai 600078, India
| | - Saranya Ramsridhar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Chandini Rajkumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Snehashish Ghosh
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal
| | - Safal Dhungel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal
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7
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Miranda-Rius J, Brunet-Llobet L, Blanc V, Álvarez G, Moncunill-Mira J, Mashala EI, Kasebele Y, Masenga G, Nadal A, León R. Microbial profile of placentas from Tanzanian mothers with adverse pregnancy outcomes and periodontitis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:772-785. [PMID: 34255399 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate microbial profiles in placentas from a population of East African mothers with and without adverse pregnancy outcomes and with regard to their periodontal status. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-six placentas from pregnant women from Tanzania were classified into three groups according to both pregnancy outcome and the mother's periodontal health. The microbial composition in each group was then compared using 16S rRNA metagenomics. Additionally, placenta specimens were analyzed histologically for chorioamnionitis by a single pathologist blinded to the clinical data. RESULTS The greatest differences were observed in the group of mothers with periodontitis. The microbial load was low in all three groups of mothers. Periodontitis had a notable influence on the structure of the placental microbiota. Three phyla and 44 genera were associated with periodontitis, whereas only the Tenericutes phylum was associated with the adverse pregnancy variable. Streptococcaceae and Mycoplasmataceae families were associated with both periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Finally, although the differences for chorioamnionitis were not significant, this intra-amniotic infection was more frequent in the placentas from mothers with periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that bacteria from the oral cavity may involve the feto-placental unit, and that periodontitis may be a modulating factor of the microbial community present in this niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Miranda-Rius
- Department of Odontostomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Brunet-Llobet
- Department of Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Álvarez
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Moncunill-Mira
- Department of Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias I Mashala
- Scholarship Programme for Young African Researchers, Doctoral Programme in Medicine and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Coimbra Group of Universities, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yona Kasebele
- Department of Pathology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Gileard Masenga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Alfons Nadal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén León
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Liu Z, Gao X, Liang L, Zhou X, Han X, Yang T, Huang K, Lin Y, Deng S, Wang Z, Wang C. Prevalence, General and Periodontal Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in China. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:235-244. [PMID: 36691403 PMCID: PMC9863457 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s395777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is insufficient information about the prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the Chinese adult population. We aimed to assess the prevalence and identify the risk factors of GERD in China. Methods We collected data from a nationally representative sample (50,991 subjects) of Chinese adults from a large nation-wide cross-sectional survey. GERD was diagnosed by a standardized Chinese-language GERD questionnaire with a score of ≥ 8. The demographic characteristics, comorbidities and periodontal factors of all participants were collected. Results Fifty-thousands-one-hundred-eighty-three participants were finally included in this study. The overall prevalence of GERD was 5.6% (95% CI, 5.4-5.8%) among the general Chinese population aged 20 years or older. Women, smokers, and people with older age, BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, urban residence, lower education level or comorbidities were more prevalent with GERD (p < 0.001). Symptoms of severe periodontitis (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.28-1.52, p < 0.001) and lower frequency of tooth brushing (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.76-2.29, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with risk of GERD. Conclusion Symptom-based GERD is highly prevalent in the Chinese population. Overweight and smoking are major preventable risk factors for GERD. Periodontal factors are novel potential risk factors for GERD and should be given more attention in GERD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lirong Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, Nova Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kewu Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingxiang Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Deng
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zuomin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Zuomin Wang, Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 10 85231492, Email
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Chen Wang, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghuayuan Dongjie, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 10 65105565, Email
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9
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Razooqi Z, Höglund Åberg C, Kwamin F, Claesson R, Haubek D, Oscarsson J, Johansson A. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Filifactor alocis as Associated with Periodontal Attachment Loss in a Cohort of Ghanaian Adolescents. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122511. [PMID: 36557764 PMCID: PMC9781193 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to document the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomyctemcomitans and the emerging oral pathogen Filifactor alocis, as well as to identify genotypes of these bacterial species with enhanced virulence. In addition, these data were analyzed in relation to periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and the progression of PPD from the sampled periodontal sites during a two-year period. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 172 periodontal pockets of 68 Ghanaian adolescents. PPD at sampling varied from 3-14 mm and the progression from baseline, i.e., two years earlier up to 8 mm. The levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. alocis were determined with quantitative PCR. The highly leukotoxic JP2-genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans and the ftxA a gene of F. alocis, encoding a putative Repeats-in-Toxin (RTX) protein, were detected with conventional PCR. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was 57%, and 14% of the samples contained the JP2 genotype. F. alocis was detected in 92% of the samples and the ftxA gene in 52%. The levels of these bacterial species were significantly associated with enhanced PPD and progression, with a more pronounced impact in sites positive for the JP2 genotype or the ftxA gene. Taken together, the results indicate that the presence of both A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. alocis with their RTX proteins are linked to increased PPD and progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Razooqi
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Francis Kwamin
- Dental School University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra KB 460, Ghana
| | - Rolf Claesson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Jammerbugt Municipal Dental Service, Skolevej 1, DK-9460 Brovst, Denmark
| | - Jan Oscarsson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-90-8856291
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10
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Ozuna H, Snider I, Belibasakis GN, Oscarsson J, Johansson A, Uriarte SM. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Filifactor alocis: Two exotoxin-producing oral pathogens. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:981343. [PMID: 36046121 PMCID: PMC9420871 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.981343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a dysbiotic disease caused by the interplay between the microbial ecosystem present in the disease with the dysregulated host immune response. The disease-associated microbial community is formed by the presence of established oral pathogens like Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans as well as by newly dominant species like Filifactor alocis. These two oral pathogens prevail and grow within the periodontal pocket which highlights their ability to evade the host immune response. This review focuses on the virulence factors and potential pathogenicity of both oral pathogens in periodontitis, accentuating the recent description of F. alocis virulence factors, including the presence of an exotoxin, and comparing them with the defined factors associated with A. actinomycetemcomitans. In the disease setting, possible synergistic and/or mutualistic interactions among both oral pathogens might contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Ozuna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ian Snider
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | | | - Jan Oscarsson
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Silvia M. Uriarte
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States,*Correspondence: Silvia M. Uriarte
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11
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López-Valverde N, Macedo de Sousa B, López-Valverde A, Suárez A, Rodríguez C, Aragoneses JM. Possible Association of Periodontal Diseases With Helicobacter pylori Gastric Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:822194. [PMID: 35514745 PMCID: PMC9063465 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.822194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Some research has suggested that dental plaque and saliva could be reservoirs of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and be capable of infecting or re-infecting the gastric mucosa after eradication, with certain studies showing a significant association between PD and gastric infection by this bacterium. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases with the terms “Helicobacter pylori AND periodontal diseases”; “Helicobacter pylori AND gingivitis”; “Helicobacter pylori AND chronic periodontitis”; “Helicobacter pylori AND periodontitis”; “Helicobacter pylori AND dental plaque”, to identify articles up to September 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess study quality. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 2020 (Cochane Collaboration) software. A total of 1,315 studies were identified and 12 were included, analyzing 226,086 patients with mean age between 10.5 and 63.4 years. The prevalence of H. pylori in the oral cavity ranged from 5.4 to 83.3%. A random-effects model was used to analyze the presence of H. pylori and subgroups were made according to the method of evaluation (PCR or RUT). Statistical significance was found in the overall analysis (p = 0.01). There is no clear evidence that H. pylori present in oral bacterial plaque causes gastric infection and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansi López-Valverde
- Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Bruno Macedo de Sousa
- Institute for Occlusion and Orofacial Pain Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antonio López-Valverde
- Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Suárez
- Department of Preclinical Dentistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana Suárez
| | - Cinthia Rodríguez
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Federico Henríquez y Carvajal, Santo Domingo, Dominican
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12
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Microbial Adhesion to Dental Polymers for Conventional, Computer-Aided Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing: A Comparative In Vitro Study. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13020042. [PMID: 35466224 PMCID: PMC9036260 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern structural materials are represented by a variety of polymer materials used for dental patients’ rehabilitation. They differ not only in physico-chemical properties, but also in microbiological properties, which is one of the reasons why these materials are chosen. The study focused on the microbial adhesion of clinical isolates of normal (5 types), periodontopathogenic (2 types), and fungal (2 types) microbiotas to various materials based on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) intended for traditional (cold-cured and hot-cured polymers), computer-aided subtractive and additive manufacturing. A comparative analysis was carried out on the studied samples of polymer materials according to the microorganisms’ adhesion index (AI). The lowest level of microorganisms’ AI of the three types of microbiotas was determined in relation to materials for additive manufacturing. The AI of hot-cured polymers, as well as materials for subtractive manufacturing, corresponded to the average level. The highest level of microorganisms’ adhesion was found in cold-cured polymers. Significant differences in AI for materials of the same technological production type (different manufacturers) were also determined. The tendency of significant differences in the indicators of the microorganisms’ adhesion level for the studied polymer materials on the basis of the type of production technology was determined.
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13
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Claesson R, Johansson A, Höglund Åberg C, Esberg A, Haubek D, Oscarsson J. Multilocus Sequence Typing of Non-JP2 Serotype b Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Strains of Ghanaian and Swedish Origin. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:769671. [PMID: 34970507 PMCID: PMC8712761 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.769671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective and Methods The Gram-negative bacterium, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is associated with periodontitis affecting young individuals. The geographic dissemination of the highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype of serotype b of this species was previously studied by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Here, we have used MLST to genetically characterize non-JP2 genotype strains of serotype b, isolated from individuals living in Ghana (n=41), and in Sweden (n=13), respectively. Results The MLST analysis revealed a total of nine sequence types (ST). Both Ghanaian and Swedish isolates were distributed in ST 1-3. ST 5 and 6 were only identified among the Ghanaian strains, whereas ST 4, 7, 8 and 9 were uniquely represented among the Swedish strains. Previously, we characterized these non-JP2 genotype strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b by arbitrarily-primed (AP)-PCR, which distributed them into three groups, AP-PCR type 1, 2, and 3, respectively. AP-PCR type 1 strains are generally highly leukotoxic, and are associated with progression of periodontal attachment loss. As AP-PCR type 1 includes both JP2 genotype strains and a proportion of non-JP2 genotype strains of serotype b, a straightforward diagnostic procedure has been sought. This has revealed a gene, cagE, which appears to be conserved only in this AP-PCR type. According to our results, MLST was not a highly discriminatory method to identify AP-PCR type 1, as strains of this AP-PCR type could be found within three different ST: ST 2, ST 3 and ST 8. Conclusion According to MLST, a geographic dissemination of non-JP2 genotype A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b appears to exist. However, aiming to identify carriers of AP-PCR type 1, non-JP2 genotype serotype b, PCR with cagE-specific primers is likely the most efficient diagnostic procedure known today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Claesson
- Division of Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Division of Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carola Höglund Åberg
- Division of Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Esberg
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Section for Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Oscarsson
- Division of Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Multilocus Sequence Typing of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Competently Depicts the Population Structure of the Species. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0108521. [PMID: 34908433 PMCID: PMC8672891 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01085-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans based on seven housekeeping genes, adk, atpG, frdB, mdh, pgi, recA, and zwf. A total of 188 strains of seven serotypes were separated into 57 sequence types. Whole-genome sequences were available for 140 strains, and in contrast to comparison of 16S rRNA genes, phylogenetic analysis of concatenated MLST gene fragments was in accordance with the population structure revealed by alignment of 785 core genes. MLST could not decisively identify the so-called JP2 clone associated with rapidly progressing periodontitis in adolescents, but noticeable clustering of JP2 genotype strains was revealed. The MLST scheme of A. actinomycetemcomitans can be assessed at www.pubmlst.org. IMPORTANCE Accurate diagnosis of infectious disease comprise identification, typing, and antimicrobial resistance of the infective agent. Bacteria are sometimes grouped within their species according to expression of specific toxins or particular antimicrobial resistance traits, but explicit typing for infection control and survey of pathogenesis necessitates genetic analysis such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Schemes for the most prevalent human pathogens have been available for more than 10 years, and time has come to extend the scrutiny to second-line infectious agents. One such pathogen is Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, which is commonly involved in periodontitis, and more rarely as the cause of infective endocarditis or spontaneous brain abscess. A MLST scheme for A. actinomycetemcomitans is now available at www.pubmlst.org. Whole-genome sequencing of a large number of isolates confirms that MLST competently depicts the population structure of the species.
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15
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Thorbert-Mros S, Ali N, Ali M, Ayas M, Trullenque-Eriksson A, Dahlén G. A comparative study on periodontitis and periodontitis-associated bacteria in Somali and non-Somali children and adolescents living in Trollhättan, Sweden. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 130:e12843. [PMID: 34935215 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The reported prevalence of periodontitis in children and adolescents varies considerably between populations globally. This cross-sectional study compares clinical and microbiological findings on 83 Somali immigrants and 96 non-Somali children aged 10-17 years old living in Trollhättan, Sweden. The clinical examination included registration of bleeding on probing, plaque, and calculus on incisors and first molars. The distance between cemento-enamel junction and bone level was measured on bitewing radiographs. Pooled microbiological samples (1 μL) were taken from the mesial surface of 16, 11, 31, 36, and analyzed by culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction for seven periodontal associated bacterial species. The Somali participants had poorer oral hygiene and more bleeding, plaque, and calculus. Ten of the Somali but none of the non-Somali participants showed periodontal breakdown (radiographical bone loss > 3 mm), corresponding to a prevalence of 12% (95% CI: 5.9, 21.0%). The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was almost exclusively associated with Somali participants. Further, the JP2 clone was found in five Somalis (including two periodontitis cases) confirming the association of this clone with African populations. The Somali group showed significantly higher frequencies and numbers of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola, implying a mature and adult type of subgingival microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Thorbert-Mros
- Specialist Clinic in Periodontology, Public Dental Health, Gothenburg, VGregion, Sweden
| | - Nawal Ali
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Meis Ali
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mert Ayas
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Gunnar Dahlén
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Diakoumopoulou D, Magana M, Karoussis IK, Nikolaou C, Chatzipanagiotou S, Ioannidis A. The ever-changing landscape in modern dentistry therapeutics - Enhancing the emptying quiver of the periodontist. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08342. [PMID: 34816039 PMCID: PMC8591475 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Objectives Periodontitis comprises of a wide range of inflammatory conditions of the gums leading to soft tissue damage and attachment loss. The initiation of periodontitis constitutes a rather complex disease pathogenesis which is based on pathogenic shifts of the oral microbiota combined with the host-microbiome interactions. The severity of the periodontitis is multifactorial depending on genetic, environmental, as well as host immunity factors. Data and sources To make an inclusive analysis on the periodontitis therapeutics, reading of the recent relevant literature was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed database, Google Scholar and the NIH public online database for clinical trials (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov). Conclusions Tackling the inflammation associated periodontal defects can be succeeded with conventional therapy or resective and regenerative treatment. To date, the mechanical removal of the supragingival and subgingival biofilm is considered the “gold standard” of periodontal therapy in combination with the use of antibacterial compounds. The antimicrobial resistance phenomenon tends to turn all the currently applied antibacterials into “endangered species”. Ongoing efforts through the conduct of clinical trials should be focused on understanding the advantages of modern approaches in comparison to traditional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Diakoumopoulou
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Magana
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis K Karoussis
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Nikolaou
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anastasios Ioannidis
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Tripolis, Greece
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17
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Prevalence of JP2 and Non-JP2 Genotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Oral Hygiene Practice of Kenyan Adolescents in Maasai Mara. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040488. [PMID: 33920549 PMCID: PMC8073413 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is implicated in the etiology of periodontitis that affects adolescents. The monitoring and mapping of the geographic dissemination pattern of JP2 and non-JP2 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans are of interest. In Africa, the highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype is known to be prevalent, particularly in north-west Africa. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of JP2 and non-JP2 genotypes and investigate the oral hygiene practices among adolescents living in Maasai Mara, Kenya. A total of 284 adolescents (mean age: 15.0 yrs; SD 1.1) were interviewed regarding their age, gender, medical history, and oral hygiene practice, and the number of teeth present was recorded. One subgingival pooled plaque sample from all the first molars of each participant was analyzed by conventional PCR. The mean number of permanent teeth present was 27.9 (SD: 2.0; range: 22–32; 95% CI: 27.7–28.1). Sixteen (5.6%) and two (0.7%) adolescents were positive for non-JP2 and JP2 genotypes, respectively. For the vast majority of the adolescents, the use of a toothbrush (99.3%) and toothpaste (80.1%), as well as some kind of toothpick (>60.2%), were part of their oral hygiene practice, with dental floss (0.4%) and/or mouth rinses (0.4%) rarely being used. We have, for the first time, identified Kenyan adolescents colonized with the JP2 genotype. The prevalence of the JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans is low, a possible indicator that spreading through human migration from North and West Africa to East Africa is a rare occasion.
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18
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Determination of the Role of Fusobacterium Nucleatum in the Pathogenesis in and Out the Mouth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 41:87-99. [PMID: 32573481 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2020-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most important types of microorganisms in the oral cavity in both healthy and non-healthy individuals is Fusobacterium nucleatum. Although present as a normal resident in the oral cavity, this Gram-negative pathogen is dominant in periodontal disease and it is involved in many invasive infections in the population, acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, as well as many adverse events with a fatal outcome. AIM To determine the role of F. nucleatum in the development of polymicrobial biofilms thus pathogenic changes in and out of the oral media. MATERIAL AND METHOD A systematic review of the literature concerning the determination and role of F. nucleatum through available clinical trials, literature reviews, original research and articles published electronically at Pub Med and Google Scholar. CONCLUSION The presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum is commonly associated with the health status of individuals. These anaerobic bacteria plays a key role in oral pathological conditions and has been detected in many systemic disorders causing complex pathogenethic changes probably due to binding ability to various cells thus several virulence mechanisms. Most common diseases and conditions in the oral cavity associated with F.nucleatum are gingivitis (G), chronic periodontitis (CH), aggressive periodontitis (AgP), endo-periodental infections (E-P), chronic apical periodontitis (PCHA). The bacterium has been identified and detected in many systemic disorders such as coronary heart disease (CVD) pathological pregnancy (P); polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), high-risk pregnancy (HRP), colorectal cancer (CRC); pre-eclampsia (PE); rheumatoid arthritis (RA); osteoarthritis (OA).
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19
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Damgaard C, Danielsen AK, Enevold C, Reinholdt J, Holmstrup P, Nielsen CH, Massarenti L. Circulating antibodies against leukotoxin A as marker of periodontitis grades B and C and oral infection with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1795-1804. [PMID: 33749825 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The facultative bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is strongly associated with periodontitis and is occasionally found in periodontally healthy subjects. We aimed to determine the prevalence of salivary Aa among patients with either periodontitis grade B (periodontitis-B) or grade C (periodontitis-C), periodontally healthy controls (HCs), and to determine if systemic antibodies against Aa or its virulence factor leukotoxin A (LtxA) may serve as biomarkers that reveal the oral presence of the bacterium and discriminate subjects with periodontitis-C, periodontitis-B, or no periodontitis from each other. METHODS Serum and unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients with periodontitis-C (n = 27), patients with periodontitis-B (n = 34), and HCs (n = 28). Serum level of immunoglobulin G antibodies to fragmented whole Aa and to LtxA were quantified using a bead-based assay. Aa was identified in saliva using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and current smoking status. RESULTS Aa was present in saliva from 11% of HCs, in 32% of patients with periodontitis-B (P = 0.04 versus HCs), and in 37% of patients with periodontitis-C (P = 0.02 versus HCs). Serum antibodies to fragments of Aa associated significantly with periodontitis-C (P = 0.03), while serum anti-LtxA antibodies associated with both periodontitis-B and periodontitis-C (P = 0.002 and P = 9×10-4 , respectively). Moreover, a significant association between serum anti-LtxA antibodies and Aa count in saliva was observed (P = 0.001). On the basis of serum anti-LtxA antibody levels, patients with periodontitis could be discriminated from HCs (AUC = 0.74 in ROC curve-analysis, P = 0.0003), and carriers of Aa could be discriminated from non-carriers (AUC = 0.78, P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Aa is highly prevalent in saliva of patients with periodontitis-B or periodontitis-C. Systemic immunoglobulin G antibodies against LtxA distinguish patients with periodontitis, regardless of grade, from HCs, while their quantity reflects the concurrent bacterial burden in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology & Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Anne Katrine Danielsen
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology & Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Christian Enevold
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Jesper Reinholdt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology & Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Claus H Nielsen
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology & Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Laura Massarenti
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
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20
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Jensen AB, Isidor F, Lund M, Væth M, Johansson A, Lauritsen NN, Haubek D. Prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Periodontal Findings among 14 to 15-Year Old Danish Adolescents: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121054. [PMID: 33339288 PMCID: PMC7765784 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is a keystone pathogen associated with periodontitis in adolescents. The knowledge on the prevalence of Aa and periodontitis among adolescents in Northern Europe is sparse. A total of 525 14- to 15-year-old adolescents from the municipality of Aarhus, Denmark, underwent a full-mouth clinical examination. Plaque score (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. Subgingival plaque samples (SPS) and stimulated saliva samples (SSS) were collected and analyzed for the presence of JP2 and non-JP2 genotypes of Aa using real-time PCR. A total of 70 (13.3%) individuals were positive for Aa, with 17 found in SPS, 19 in SSS, and 35 in both. The highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype of Aa was not detected. The individuals positive for Aa in both SPS and SSS had poorer periodontal outcomes (PPD and CAL) than individuals without Aa and individuals carrying Aa in either SPS or SSS only. In conclusion, 13% of 14- to 15-year-old Danish adolescents were positive for Aa, and the presence of Aa in both SPS and SSS was associated with poorer periodontal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Birkeholm Jensen
- Section for Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- The Municipality of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Flemming Isidor
- Section for Prosthetic Dentistry, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marianne Lund
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, 8210 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Michael Væth
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Anders Johansson
- Divison of Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umea University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden;
| | | | - Dorte Haubek
- Section for Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-21-685-848
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21
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Achtman M, Zhou Z. Metagenomics of the modern and historical human oral microbiome with phylogenetic studies on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190573. [PMID: 33012228 PMCID: PMC7702799 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently developed bioinformatic tools to accurately assign metagenomic sequence reads to microbial taxa: SPARSE for probabilistic, taxonomic classification of sequence reads; EToKi for assembling and polishing genomes from short-read sequences; and GrapeTree, a graphic visualizer of genetic distances between large numbers of genomes. Together, these methods support comparative analyses of genomes from ancient skeletons and modern humans. Here, we illustrate these capabilities with 784 samples from historical dental calculus, modern saliva and modern dental plaque. The analyses revealed 1591 microbial species within the oral microbiome. We anticipated that the oral complexes of Socransky et al., which were defined in 1998, would predominate among taxa whose frequencies differed by source. However, although some species discriminated between sources, we could not confirm the existence of the complexes. The results also illustrate further functionality of our pipelines with two species that are associated with dental caries, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. They were rare in historical dental calculus but common in modern plaque, and even more common in saliva. Reconstructed draft genomes of these two species from metagenomic samples in which they were abundant were combined with modern public genomes to provide a detailed overview of their core genomic diversity. This article is part of the theme issue 'Insights into health and disease from ancient biomolecules'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Achtman
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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22
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Kumar PS, Dabdoub SM, Ganesan SM. Probing periodontal microbial dark matter using metataxonomics and metagenomics. Periodontol 2000 2020; 85:12-27. [PMID: 33226714 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our view of the periodontal microbial community has been shaped by a century or more of cultivation-based and microscopic investigations. While these studies firmly established the infection-mediated etiology of periodontal diseases, it was apparent from the very early days that periodontal microbiology suffered from what Staley and Konopka described as the "great plate count anomaly", in that these culturable bacteria were only a minor part of what was visible under the microscope. For nearly a century, much effort has been devoted to finding the right tools to investigate this uncultivated majority, also known as "microbial dark matter". The discovery that DNA was an effective tool to "see" microbial dark matter was a significant breakthrough in environmental microbiology, and oral microbiologists were among the earliest to capitalize on these advances. By identifying the order in which nucleotides are arranged in a stretch of DNA (DNA sequencing) and creating a repository of these sequences, sequence databases were created. Computational tools that used probability-driven analysis of these sequences enabled the discovery of new and unsuspected species and ascribed novel functions to these species. This review will trace the development of DNA sequencing as a quantitative, open-ended, comprehensive approach to characterize microbial communities in their native environments, and explore how this technology has shifted traditional dogmas on how the oral microbiome promotes health and its role in disease causation and perpetuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima S Kumar
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Shareef M Dabdoub
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sukirth M Ganesan
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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23
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Dahlen G, Fejerskov O, Manji F. Current concepts and an alternative perspective on periodontal disease. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:235. [PMID: 32847557 PMCID: PMC7448340 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data from countries worldwide show a consistent pattern implying that a fraction of around 10% of those over 40-50 years in all populations will exhibit severe periodontitis with the potential risk of losing teeth during their life-time. The subgingival microbiota shows striking similarities between populations irrespective of disease severity and can only marginally explain the clinical pattern. It is also difficult to explain this pattern by genetic and acquired risk factors such as systemic disease (e.g. diabetes) or habits (e.g. smoking) even if they may have a confounding effect on the disease. MAIN TEXT Inflammation of the gingiva appears to be a normal and physiological response to the presence of commensal bacteria along the gingival crevice and in the dental biofilm. Over many years of exposure to the dental biofilm, the chronic inflammation in the gingiva gradually results in a loss of attachment and bone loss. Numerous laboratory and clinical studies have provided insight into the potential role of determinants that are associated with periodontitis. However, it has been difficult to relate the findings to the pattern of the distribution of the disease observed in epidemiological studies. We propose a simple and parsimonious model that considers all the multitude of potential determinants as creating effectively random noise within the dental biofilm to which the tissues react by accumulating the effects of this noise. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that such a model can explain many of the epidemiological features of periodontal breakdown over time, and we discuss its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Dahlen
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ole Fejerskov
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Firoze Manji
- Institute of African Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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24
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Kononoff A, Elfving P, Pussinen P, Hörkkö S, Kautiainen H, Arstila L, Laasonen L, Savolainen E, Niinisalo H, Rutanen J, Marjoniemi O, Hämäläinen M, Vuolteenaho K, Moilanen E, Kaipiainen-Seppänen O. Association of rheumatoid arthritis disease activity and antibodies to periodontal bacteria with serum lipoprotein profile in drug naive patients. Ann Med 2020; 52:32-42. [PMID: 32011179 PMCID: PMC7877970 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1724321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: We investigated lipid concentrations, particle sizes and antibodies binding to periodontal bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis and to malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) modified low-density lipoprotein in immunoglobulin (Ig) class A, G and M among patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a population-based cohort.Methods: Concentrations and sizes of lipoprotein particles analysed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and antibody levels to MAA modified low-density lipoprotein were studied at baseline and after one-year of follow-up. Serum Ig A and G class antibodies to periodontal bacteria were determined at baseline.Results: Sixty-three patients were divided into tertiles according to disease activity by disease activity score with 28 joint count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (<3.9, 3.9-4.7, >4.7). Small low-density lipoprotein concentration was lowest in the tertile with the highest disease activity. In high-density lipoprotein, the concentrations of total, medium and small particles decreased with disease activity. The particle size in low-density lipoprotein associated with disease activity and the presence of antibodies to P. gingivalis. Ig G and M antibodies to MAA modified low-density lipoprotein correlated with disease activity. Inflammation associated changes faded by one year.Conclusions: Drug naive RA patients had proatherogenic changes in lipid profiles, but they were reversible, when inflammation diminished.Key messagesPatients with drug naive rheumatoid arthritis showed proatherogenic lipid profiles.Reversible changes in lipid profiles can be achieved as response to inflammation suppression.Active therapy aimed at remission is essential in all patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aulikki Kononoff
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pia Elfving
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sohvi Hörkkö
- Institute of Diagnostics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Unit of Family Practice, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Leena Arstila
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Iisalmi Hospital
| | - Leena Laasonen
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Savolainen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Helena Niinisalo
- Department of Medicine, Varkaus Hospital.,Outpatient Clinic, Suonenjoki Health Center
| | - Jarno Rutanen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olga Marjoniemi
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- School of Medicine, The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katriina Vuolteenaho
- School of Medicine, The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- School of Medicine, The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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25
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Gingimaps: Protein Localization in the Oral Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2020; 84:84/1/e00032-19. [PMID: 31896547 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00032-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is an oral pathogen involved in the widespread disease periodontitis. In recent years, however, this bacterium has been implicated in the etiology of another common disorder, the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis were known to correlate for decades, but only recently a possible molecular connection underlying this association has been unveiled. P. gingivalis possesses an enzyme that citrullinates certain host proteins and, potentially, elicits autoimmune antibodies against such citrullinated proteins. These autoantibodies are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis and have been purported both as a symptom and a potential cause of the disease. The citrullinating enzyme and other major virulence factors of P. gingivalis, including some that were implicated in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis, are targeted to the host tissue as secreted or outer-membrane-bound proteins. These targeting events play pivotal roles in the interactions between the pathogen and its human host. Accordingly, the overall protein sorting and secretion events in P. gingivalis are of prime relevance for understanding its full disease-causing potential and for developing preventive and therapeutic approaches. The aim of this review is therefore to offer a comprehensive overview of the subcellular and extracellular localization of all proteins in three reference strains and four clinical isolates of P. gingivalis, as well as the mechanisms employed to reach these destinations.
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26
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Whole Genome Sequencing of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Cultured from Blood Stream Infections Reveals Three Major Phylogenetic Groups Including a Novel Lineage Expressing Serotype a Membrane O Polysaccharide. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040256. [PMID: 31766652 PMCID: PMC6963875 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-nine strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cultured from blood stream infections in Denmark were characterised. Serotyping was unremarkable, with almost equal proportions of the three major types plus a single serotype e strain. Whole genome sequencing positioned the serotype e strain outside the species boundary; moreover, one of the serotype a strains was unrelated to other strains of the major serotypes and to deposited sequences in the public databases. We identified five additional strains of this type in our collections. The particularity of the group was corroborated by phylogenetic analysis of concatenated core genes present in all strains of the species, and by uneven distribution of accessory genes only present in a subset of strains. Currently, the most accurate depiction of A. actinomycetemcomitans is a division into three lineages that differ in genomic content and competence for transformation. The clinical relevance of the different lineages is not known, and even strains excluded from the species sensu stricto can cause serious human infections. Serotyping is insufficient for characterisation, and serotypes a and e are not confined to specific lineages.
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27
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Rojas L, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Díaz-Zúñiga J, Alvarez C, Monasterio G, Rojas C, Cafferata EA, Hernández M, Cortéz C, Carvajal P, Vernal R. Inhibitory effect of serotype a of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans on the increased destructive potential of serotype b. Oral Dis 2019; 26:409-418. [PMID: 31738464 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The serotype b of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) induces higher cytokine production in dendritic cells (DCs) compared with the other serotypes. However, this increased immunostimulatory potential was modified when DCs were co-infected with the other A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. This study aimed to analyze whether the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), C-reactive protein (CRP), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9, as well as the activity of osteoclasts, also varies when DCs are co-infected with the A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human DCs were stimulated with the A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes using the following stimulatory conditions: serotype a/b/c/a+b/a+c/b+c/a+b+c. The IFN-γ, CRP, and MMP-2 levels were quantified by ELISA. The active form of MMP-9 was quantified using fluorescent functional assays. The MMP-2 gelatinolytic activity was identified by zymogram. The osteoclast activity was determined by quantifying the TRAP expression and resorption-pit formation using cytochemistry and osteoassays. RESULTS Higher levels of IFN-γ, CRP, MMP-2, MMP-9, and osteoclast activity were detected when DCs were stimulated with the serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans compared with the others. This increased immunostimulatory potential attributed to serotype b diminished when DCs were co-infected with the serotype a. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into the virulence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and reveals important differences in the immunostimulatory and pro-destructive potential among its serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Alvarez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo Monasterio
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio A Cafferata
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Cortéz
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Carvajal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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28
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Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Claesson R, Jensen AB, Åberg CH, Haubek D. Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans: Clinical Significance of a Pathobiont Subjected to Ample Changes in Classification and Nomenclature. Pathogens 2019; 8:E243. [PMID: 31752205 PMCID: PMC6963667 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative bacterium that is part of the oral microbiota. The aggregative nature of this pathogen or pathobiont is crucial to its involvement in human disease. It has been cultured from non-oral infections for more than a century, while its portrayal as an aetiological agent in periodontitis has emerged more recently. A. actinomycetemcomitans is one species among a plethora of microorganisms that constitute the oral microbiota. Although A. actinomycetemcomitans encodes several putative toxins, the complex interplay with other partners of the oral microbiota and the suppression of host response may be central for inflammation and infection in the oral cavity. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on the clinical significance, classification, and characterisation of A. actinomycetemcomitans, which has exclusive or predominant host specificity for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rolf Claesson
- Department of Odontology, Division of Oral Microbiology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Anne Birkeholm Jensen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Carola Höglund Åberg
- Department of Odontology, Division of Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
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29
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Mazzoleni S, De Stefani A, Bordin C, Balasso P, Bruno G, Gracco A. Dental water jet efficacy in the plaque control of orthodontic patients wearing fixed appliance: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e957-e963. [PMID: 31700567 PMCID: PMC6825727 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different studies assess the role of fixed orthodontic appliances in supragingival plaque accumulation. In patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances a good management of oral hygiene is required in order to prevent complication like as decay, enamel demineralization, gingivitis, gingival hyperplasia and periodontitis. The aim of this Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) is to evaluate the efficacy of the use of a DWJ in patients under orthodontic treatment with fixed multibracket appliance. Material and Methods The study design was single-blinded RCT with a split mouth protocol. Each patient followed a personal cleaning protocol using a DWJ in addition to traditional brushing only on one side while just brushing on the control side. The side on which was decided to use the DWJ was chosen randomly and the dental hygienist who took the measurements was blind. Plaque and gingival indexes were evaluated at baseline and at one, three and six-months follow-up. Results It did not emerge any difference in the plaque and gingival indexes trend between the two groups. Patients initially reported an worsening of the indexes at one month evaluation, then they set at baseline levels at three and six months. Conclusions The dental water jet does not improve significantly the efficacy of home oral hygiene in orthodontic patients wearing a multi-bracket fixed appliance. Patients did not show the traditional worsening during the whole orthodontic therapy. Key words:Dental water jet, fixed orthodontics, plaque index, gingival index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Mazzoleni
- Associate Professor, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua. Via Giustiniani 2 - 35100 - Padua (Italy)
| | - Alberto De Stefani
- DDS, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua. Via Giustiniani 2 - 35100 - Padua (Italy)
| | - Carola Bordin
- Dental Hygienist, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua. Via Giustiniani 2 - 35100 - Padua (Italy)
| | - Paolo Balasso
- Department of Engineering and Management, University of Padua. Via Giustiniani 2 - 35100 - Padua (Italy)
| | - Giovanni Bruno
- DDS, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua. Via Giustiniani 2 - 35100 - Padua (Italy)
| | - Antonio Gracco
- Associate Professor, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua. Via Giustiniani 2 - 35100 - Padua (Italy)
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30
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Martellacci L, Quaranta G, Patini R, Isola G, Gallenzi P, Masucci L. A Literature Review of Metagenomics and Culturomics of the Peri-implant Microbiome: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12183010. [PMID: 31533226 PMCID: PMC6766346 DOI: 10.3390/ma12183010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: In recent years, many different culture-independent molecular techniques have been developed with the aim of investigating the not yet cultivated part of the resident flora of the oral cavity and of analyzing the peri-implant and periodontal flora both in healthy and diseased sites. The most used technologies are Roche 454 pyrosequencing, Illumina HiSeq/MiSeq, ABI SOLiD and Ion Torrent. Due to these methods, two different approaches are available: Metagenomics and the 16S gene analysis. A complementary strategy was also recently developed: Culturomics. Culturomics consists of different culture conditions that allow a very rapid bacterial identification. The focused question of this review was developed in PICO format in order to investigate the role of metagenomics, 16S gene analysis and culturomics (interventions) in the differential study (comparison) of the peri-implant and periodontal microbiome (outcome) in humans (participants). The secondary aim was the characterization of currents limits and future applications of the three techniques. Methods: The authors performed a literature search on three databases (Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed) from 01/01/2003 to 31/06/2019. Date of last search was: 25/08/19. Any type of article dealing with the analysis of periodontal and peri-implant flora with metagenomic, culturomic or 16S gene analysis was included. No language restrictions were applied. Risk of bias for RCT was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration's tool whereas case-control and cohort studies were evaluated through the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: The initial search resulted in 330 titles in total. After careful evaluation of all results no studies were found to satisfy the primary outcome of the present review. Hence a narrative review dealing with the secondary aim was performed. Conclusions: Metagenomic and 16S gene analysis approaches contributed in clarifying some crucial aspects of the oral microbiome. Based on the reported evidence some bacteria could be found around teeth and implants even in the absence of signs of inflammation and other species are more frequently found in supragingival peri-implant biofilm. Teeth and implants (even if adjacent) seem not to share the same microbiome and healthy teeth have a more diversified one. The same analyses also highlighted that the oral biofilm of smokers is composed by more periodontopathogen bacteria compared to non-smokers and that geographical location and ethnicity seem to play a role in bacterial composition. Culturomics, which has not yet been applied to the study of oral microbiota, consists of the use of different culture conditions and of the identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) with the aim of increasing the bacterial repertoire and avoiding the limits of molecular methods. In order to better evaluate perspectives and limits of the all presented approaches further studies comparing the different molecular techniques are encouraged. This review received no funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Martellacci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Quaranta
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Romeo Patini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Gallenzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Masucci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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Gaál Kovalčíková A, Pančíková A, Konečná B, Klamárová T, Novák B, Kovaľová E, Podracká Ľ, Celec P, Tóthová Ľ. Urea and creatinine levels in saliva of patients with and without periodontitis. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:417-424. [PMID: 31247131 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that saliva contains measurable concentrations of urea and creatinine, it is not widely used in clinical nephrology. One of the reasons is the high inter- and intra-individual variability in the salivary markers of kidney function. We hypothesized that gingival bleeding in patients with periodontitis could contribute to this variability by increasing the concentration of salivary urea or creatinine. Samples were collected from 25 patients with periodontitis and 29 healthy controls. In addition, saliva samples from five healthy volunteers were artificially contaminated with blood. The concentration of urea, but not that of creatinine, was more than twice as high in patients with periodontitis than in controls. Artificial contamination of saliva with blood did not affect the salivary concentration of creatinine. Salivary urea increased only with very high levels of contamination (≥2.5% blood in saliva), but that did not occur in patients. In conclusion, periodontitis increases the concentration of salivary urea, but this is not likely to be a result of contamination with blood. Future studies should investigate the composition of the oral microbiome, specifically regarding how it affects the concentration of salivary urea. Salivary creatinine seems to be a more robust non-invasive marker of renal functions than salivary urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gaál Kovalčíková
- Department of Paediatrics, National Institute of Children's Diseases and Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Barbora Konečná
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Klamárová
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Faculty of Health Care, Prešov University, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Bohuslav Novák
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Kovaľová
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Faculty of Health Care, Prešov University, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Podracká
- Department of Paediatrics, National Institute of Children's Diseases and Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomíra Tóthová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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32
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Sajedinejad N, Paknejad M, Houshmand B, Sharafi H, Jelodar R, Shahbani Zahiri H, Noghabi KA. Lactobacillus salivarius NK02: a Potent Probiotic for Clinical Application in Mouthwash. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019. [PMID: 28631250 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A specific strain of naturally occurring oral lactobacilli was isolated and identified based on morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The phylogenetic affiliation of the isolate confirmed that the NK02 strain had close association with the Lactobacillus salivarius. An effective mouthwash was developed for treatment of periodontitis and suppression of the indicator bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans which is an obvious pathogen of periodontal disease. The mouthwash containing L. salivarius NK02 was tested at a dose level of 108 (colony forming units (CFU) ml-1), monitoring over a period of 4 weeks. The study was a randomized double-blind placebo control trial, and the patients were treated in two groups of control and test by using scaling and root planing (SRP) + placebo and scaling and root planing (SRP) + probiotic, respectively. It appeared that the probiotic mouthwash was able to inhibit the bacterial growth on both saliva and sub-gingival crevice and exhibited antibacterial activity against A. actinomycetemcomitans. The results also showed that SRP+ probiotic treatment led to a significant decrease of gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) compared with that of SRP + placebo for the probiotic group. The rate of decrease in pocket depth was displayed in the group with SRP + probiotic treatment equal to 1/2 mm, and probing pocket depth (PPD) value was decreased in the probiotic bacteria treatment group that can explain the decrease in inflammation in gingiva. Our findings suggest that probiotic mouthwash is healthy for daily use as an alternative for maintaining dental and periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Sajedinejad
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Environmental & Industrial Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Paknejad
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Houshmand
- Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Sharafi
- Division of Environmental & Industrial Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jelodar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahbani Zahiri
- Division of Environmental & Industrial Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Akbari Noghabi
- Division of Environmental & Industrial Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran.
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du Teil Espina M, Gabarrini G, Harmsen HJM, Westra J, van Winkelhoff AJ, van Dijl JM. Talk to your gut: the oral-gut microbiome axis and its immunomodulatory role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:1-18. [PMID: 30219863 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities inhabiting the human body, collectively called the microbiome, are critical modulators of immunity. This notion is underpinned by associations between changes in the microbiome and particular autoimmune disorders. Specifically, in rheumatoid arthritis, one of the most frequently occurring autoimmune disorders worldwide, changes in the oral and gut microbiomes have been implicated in the loss of tolerance against self-antigens and in increased inflammatory events promoting the damage of joints. In the present review, we highlight recently gained insights in the roles of microbes in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, we address important immunomodulatory processes, including biofilm formation and neutrophil function, which have been implicated in host-microbe interactions relevant for rheumatoid arthritis. Lastly, we present recent advances in the development and evaluation of emerging microbiome-based therapeutic approaches. Altogether, we conclude that the key to uncovering the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis will lie in the immunomodulatory functions of the oral and gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marines du Teil Espina
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Gabarrini
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arie Jan van Winkelhoff
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
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Chigasaki O, Takeuchi Y, Aoki A, Sasaki Y, Mizutani K, Aoyama N, Ikeda Y, Gokyu M, Umeda M, Ishikawa I, Izumi Y. A cross-sectional study on the periodontal status and prevalence of red complex periodontal pathogens in a Japanese population. J Oral Sci 2018; 60:293-303. [PMID: 29925714 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This large-scale study cross-sectionally examined the periodontal status and prevalence of "red complex" bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia) in Japanese adults. A total of 977 participants were enrolled in the study. Probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and bone crest level (BCL) were recorded, and the presence of red complex bacteria in the saliva was examined using polymerase chain reaction. The mean BCL value and the percentage of sites with a PD ≥4 mm or the presence of BOP were significantly higher in older participants. The detection rates of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia were 46.3%, 76.4%, and 61.1%, respectively. The P. gingivalis detection rate significantly increased with age, while those of T. denticola and T. forsythia were comparably high for all age groups. A close correlation between P. gingivalis and the percentage of sites with PD ≥4 mm was indicated by nonlinear canonical correlation analysis. Current smokers exhibited a more advanced disease condition and a significantly higher P. gingivalis detection rate than non-smokers. In conclusion, periodontal condition worsens with age, and P. gingivalis appears to be the red complex bacterium most closely associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otofumi Chigasaki
- Tsukuba Healthcare Dental Clinic.,Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yasuo Takeuchi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yoshiyuki Sasaki
- Research and Industry-University Alliance Organization, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Norio Aoyama
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Yuichi Ikeda
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Misa Gokyu
- Tsukuba Healthcare Dental Clinic.,Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Makoto Umeda
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University
| | - Isao Ishikawa
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Liu LS, Gkranias N, Farias B, Spratt D, Donos N. Differences in the subgingival microbial population of chronic periodontitis in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus-a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2743-2762. [PMID: 30306333 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the available evidence in the literature in regard to the subgingival microbial population of chronic periodontitis in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM+PD) compared to non-diabetic subjects (NDM+PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted at Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE database from 1980 to 2016, supplemented by hand searching as needed. Studies presenting with at least one of the primary outcomes (presence of any subgingival microorganisms, proportion and/or the amount of any subgingival plaque bacteria in T2DM+PD versus NDM+PD) were included. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate. RESULTS From 611 citations, 19 full-text papers were screened and 11 articles were included for critical appraisal by both reviewers. Some evidence of a difference in the microbial profile between chronic PD subjects with and without T2DM was identified. The strength of evidence is strongest in Tannerella forthysia (T .forsythia) which was reported to be less frequent in the diabetic (T2DM+PD) group in five of the studies, followed by a weaker strength of evidence for other periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), which were also found less frequent in the diabetic (T2DM+PD) group . CONCLUSION Only few studies have compared T2DM+PD with NDM+PD. It is therefore strongly recommended that further studies which include four distinct groups of participants (NDM+PD, T2DM+PD, NDM+NPD, T2DM+NPD) instead of using intra-subject comparisons between healthy and diseased sites of the same subjects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Differences in bacterial populations of T2DM+PD in comparison to NDM+PD subjects may indicate the need of different protocols for the treatment of the diabetic patients with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sun Liu
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Gkranias
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Turner Street, London, UK
| | - Bruna Farias
- Postgraduate Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Dave Spratt
- Microbiology Department, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Turner Street, London, UK.
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Serotype a of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans down-regulates the increased serotype b-induced cytokine and chemokine production in dendritic cells. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 93:155-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yang CY, Yeh YM, Yu HY, Chin CY, Hsu CW, Liu H, Huang PJ, Hu SN, Liao CT, Chang KP, Chang YL. Oral Microbiota Community Dynamics Associated With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Staging. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:862. [PMID: 29774014 PMCID: PMC5943489 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly aggressive cancer and the fourth leading malignancy among males in Taiwan. Some pathogenic bacteria are associated with periodontitis and oral cancer. However, the comprehensive profile of the oral microbiome during the cancer's progression from the early stage to the late stage is still unclear. We profiled the oral microbiota and identified bacteria biomarkers associated with OSCC. The microbiota of an oral rinse from 51 healthy individuals and 197 OSCC patients at different stages were investigated using 16S rRNA V3V4 amplicon sequencing, followed by bioinformatics and statistical analyses. The oral microbiota communities from stage 4 patients showed significantly higher complexity than those from healthy controls. The populations also dynamically changed with the cancer's progression from stage 1 to stage 4. The predominant phyla in the oral samples showed variation in the relative abundance of Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. The abundance of Fusobacteria increased significantly with the progression of oral cancer from the healthy controls (2.98%) to OSCC stage 1 (4.35%) through stage 4 (7.92%). At the genus level, the abundance of Fusobacterium increased, while the number of Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Porphyromonas, and Actinomyces decreased with cancer progression. Fusobacterium periodonticum, Parvimonas micra, Streptococcus constellatus, Haemophilus influenza, and Filifactor alocis were associated with OSCC, and they progressively increased in abundance from stage 1 to stage 4. The abundances of Streptococcus mitis, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Porphyromonas pasteri were inversely associated with OSCC progression. We selected a bacterial marker panel of three bacteria (upregulated F. periodonticum, down-regulated S. mitis, and P. pasteri), which had an AUC of 0.956 (95% CI = 0.925-0.986) in discriminating OSCC stage 4 from the healthy controls. Furthermore, the functional prediction of oral bacterial communities showed that genes involved in carbohydrate-related metabolism, such as methane metabolism, and energy-metabolism-related parameters, such as oxidative phosphorylation and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, were enriched in late-stage OSCC, while those responsible for amino acid metabolism, such as folate biosynthesis and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, were significantly associated with the healthy controls. In conclusion, our results provided evidence of oral bacteria community changes during oral cancer progression and suggested the possibility of using bacteria as OSCC diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ming Yeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Ying Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chia-Yin Chin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Hsu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Song-Nian Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Ta Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Chang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Pietiäinen M, Kopra KAE, Vuorenkoski J, Salminen A, Paju S, Mäntylä P, Buhlin K, Liljestrand JM, Nieminen MS, Sinisalo J, Hyvärinen K, Pussinen PJ. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansserotypes associate with periodontal and coronary artery disease status. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:413-421. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milla Pietiäinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - K. A. Elisa Kopra
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Juha Vuorenkoski
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Aino Salminen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Dental Medicine Huddinge; Division of Periodontology; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Susanna Paju
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Päivi Mäntylä
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Institute of Dentistry; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Kåre Buhlin
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Department of Dental Medicine Huddinge; Division of Periodontology; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - John M. Liljestrand
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Markku S. Nieminen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Kati Hyvärinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Pirkko J. Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
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Abstract
For millions of years, our resident microbes have coevolved and coexisted with us in a mostly harmonious symbiotic relationship. We are not distinct entities from our microbiome, but together we form a 'superorganism' or holobiont, with the microbiome playing a significant role in our physiology and health. The mouth houses the second most diverse microbial community in the body, harbouring over 700 species of bacteria that colonise the hard surfaces of teeth and the soft tissues of the oral mucosa. Through recent advances in technology, we have started to unravel the complexities of the oral microbiome and gained new insights into its role during both health and disease. Perturbations of the oral microbiome through modern-day lifestyles can have detrimental consequences for our general and oral health. In dysbiosis, the finely-tuned equilibrium of the oral ecosystem is disrupted, allowing disease-promoting bacteria to manifest and cause conditions such as caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. For practitioners and patients alike, promoting a balanced microbiome is therefore important to effectively maintain or restore oral health. This article aims to give an update on our current knowledge of the oral microbiome in health and disease and to discuss implications for modern-day oral healthcare.
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Setty S, Wadikar T, Suprith SS, Bhat K, Thakur S. Profiling of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotypes B and C and the genotypes in periodontal health and disease. Indian J Med Microbiol 2018; 35:543-550. [PMID: 29405147 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_17_115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A. actinomycetemcomitans is prevalent in periodontitis but is found in some periodontally healthy individuals as well. Certain serotypes of the organism have shown to determine severity of the disease. The distribution of serotype and genotype is affected by geographic and ethnic variation. Therefore, the present study was aimed to detect serotypes b & c of A. actinomycetemcomitans and the genotypes and find its correlation with periodontal status. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 75 subjects (25 aggressive periodontitis, 25 chronic periodontitis and 25 periodontally healthy) in age range of 14-55 yrs were included. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and checked for the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Following isolation of the organism, detection of the serotype b or c was done by multiplex PCR. Genotyping of A. actinomycetemcomitans was done by arbitrarily primed PCR(polymerase chain reaction). RESULTS Out of 75 plaque samples, 35(46.66%) tested positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Serotype c was detected in 19/35 (54.28%), whereas serotype b alone was not detected in any of the samples. Two samples were positive for both the serotypes (b and c) (5.71%) and 14 (40%) were untypeable. 14 different arbitrarily primed PCR genotypes were obtained among 35 A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates. CONCLUSION Serotype c was predominant in periodontally diseased as well as periodontally healthy individuals. An association could be present between genotype - serotype and genotype - periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Setty
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
| | - Tanvee Wadikar
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
| | - S S Suprith
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
| | - Kishore Bhat
- Department of Microbiology, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinath Thakur
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
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Suprith SS, Setty S, Bhat K, Thakur S. Serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in relation to periodontal status and assessment of leukotoxin in periodontal disease: A clinico-microbiological study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2018; 22:201-208. [PMID: 29962698 PMCID: PMC6009160 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_36_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) serotypes may add some important information of the pathogenetic background of periodontal infections. A.a leukotoxin is an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and its rate of progression. When compared to minimally leukotoxic strains, variants of A.a highly leukotoxic strains produce 10–20 times more leukotoxin. Aims: The aim of the present study was to detect serotypes a, b, c, d, and e of A.a its leukotoxin and find its correlation with periodontal status. Settings and Design: Microbiological analysis and cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 subjects (40 chronic periodontitis and 40 aggressive periodontitis) in the age range of 14–55 years were selected. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and checked for the presence of A.a. Following isolation of the organism, detection of the serotypes and leukotoxin assessment was done. Statistical Analysis Used: The proportions of A.a were calculated using descriptive statistics in terms of percentage. Chi-square test was used to find association between serotype, leukotoxin, and periodontal disease in individual group. Results: Out of 80 plaque samples, 45% tested positive for A.a. serotype b was detected in 33.33%, whereas serotype e in 8.33% samples and serotype c in 2.77% samples. Serotypes a and d were not detected in any of the samples. A combination of serotypes was seen in 47.22% of the sites. Of these 76.47% showed a combination of 2 serotypes, while 23.52%showed a combination of 3 serotypes. 8.33% showed untypable serotype. All samples had low-toxic variants of A.a. Conclusions: Serotype b and serotype e were predominant in chronic periodontitis, and serotype b was predominant in aggressive periodontitis. An association could be present between serotype and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swati Setty
- Department of Periodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore Bhat
- Department of Microbiology, Maratha Mandals Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinath Thakur
- Department of Periodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Akrivopoulou C, Green IM, Donos N, Nair SP, Ready D. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype prevalence and antibiotic resistance in a UK population with periodontitis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 10:54-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Claesson R, Höglund-Åberg C, Haubek D, Johansson A. Age-related prevalence and characteristics of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis patients living in Sweden. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1334504. [PMID: 28748039 PMCID: PMC5508378 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1334504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients with periodontitis has been extensively studied for decades. Objective: To study the prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in younger and older periodontitis patients and to genetically characterize isolates of this bacterium. Design: Data from microbiological analyses of 3459 subgingival plaque samples collected from 1445 patients, 337 ‘younger’ patients (≤35 yrs) and 1108 ‘older’ patients (>35 yrs) during 15 years (2000–2014), has been summerized. Isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans were serotyped, leukotoxin promoter typed (JP2 and non JP2) and arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) genotyped. The origin of the JP2 genotype detected in the study population was determined. Results: The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was higher among younger than older patients and samples from the younger patients contained higher proportions of the bacterium. Serotype b was more prevalent among younger patients and the majorty of these isolates was from the same AP-PCR genotype. The JP2 genotype was detected in 1.2% of the patients, and the majority of these carriers were of non-African origin. Conslusions: For presence and charcteristics of A. actinomycetemcomitans in clinical samples the age of the carriers were a discriminating factor. Additional, apparently non-African carriers of the JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Claesson
- Division of Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carola Höglund-Åberg
- Division of Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Section for Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Health, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Johansson
- Division of Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Emery DC, Shoemark DK, Batstone TE, Waterfall CM, Coghill JA, Cerajewska TL, Davies M, West NX, Allen SJ. 16S rRNA Next Generation Sequencing Analysis Shows Bacteria in Alzheimer's Post-Mortem Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:195. [PMID: 28676754 PMCID: PMC5476743 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurological deterioration associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), involving accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides and neurofibrillary tangles, is associated with evident neuroinflammation. This is now seen to be a significant contributor to pathology. Recently the tenet of the privileged status of the brain, regarding microbial compromise, has been questioned, particularly in terms of neurodegenerative diseases. It is now being considered that microbiological incursion into the central nervous system could be either an initiator or significant contributor to these. This is a novel study using 16S ribosomal gene-specific Next generation sequencing (NGS) of extracted brain tissue. A comparison was made of the bacterial species content of both frozen and formaldehyde fixed sections of a small cohort of Alzheimer-affected cases with those of cognitively unimpaired (normal). Our findings suggest an increase in bacterial populations in Alzheimer brain tissue compared with normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Emery
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tom E. Batstone
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christy M. Waterfall
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A. Coghill
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Davies
- School of Oral and Dental SciencesBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola X. West
- School of Oral and Dental SciencesBristol, United Kingdom
| | - Shelley J. Allen
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of BristolBristol, United Kingdom
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Moon JH, Lee JH. Probing the diversity of healthy oral microbiome with bioinformatics approaches. BMB Rep 2017; 49:662-670. [PMID: 27697111 PMCID: PMC5346311 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.12.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human oral cavity contains a highly personalized microbiome essential to maintaining health, but capable of causing oral and systemic diseases. Thus, an in-depth definition of “healthy oral microbiome” is critical to understanding variations in disease states from preclinical conditions, and disease onset through progressive states of disease. With rapid advances in DNA sequencing and analytical technologies, population-based studies have documented the range and diversity of both taxonomic compositions and functional potentials observed in the oral microbiome in healthy individuals. Besides factors specific to the host, such as age and race/ethnicity, environmental factors also appear to contribute to the variability of the healthy oral microbiome. Here, we review bioinformatic techniques for metagenomic datasets, including their strengths and limitations. In addition, we summarize the interpersonal and intrapersonal diversity of the oral microbiome, taking into consideration the recent large-scale and longitudinal studies, including the Human Microbiome Project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoi Moon
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Asad M, Abdul Aziz AW, Raman RPC, Harun HAW, Ali TBT, Chinna K, Vaithilingam RD. Comparison of nonsurgical periodontal therapy with oral hygiene instruction alone for chronic periodontitis. J Oral Sci 2017; 59:111-120. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maaz Asad
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya
| | | | | | | | - Tara Bai T. Ali
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya
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47
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Gao W, Chan Y, You M, Lacap-Bugler DC, Leung WK, Watt RM. In-depth snapshot of the equine subgingival microbiome. Microb Pathog 2016; 94:76-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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48
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Complete Genome Sequence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotype g Strain NUM4039 (JCM 30399). GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/2/e00158-16. [PMID: 26988057 PMCID: PMC4796136 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00158-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is considered to be a major etiological agent of aggressive periodontitis and includes serotype a to g strains. We herein report the first complete genome sequence of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype g strain NUM4039. The genome is 2,382,853 bp in length with a G+C content of 44.34%.
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49
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Dahlén G, Luan WM, Dahlgren U, Papapanou PP, Baelum V, Fejerskov O. Subgingival bacterial clusters and serum antibody response as markers of extent and severity of periodontitis in adult Chinese. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 124:179-87. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Dahlén
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Odontology; Sahlgrenska Academy; Gothenburg University; Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | - Ulf Dahlgren
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Odontology; Sahlgrenska Academy; Gothenburg University; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Panos P. Papapanou
- Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences; Division of Periodontics; College of Dental Medicine; Columbia University; New York NY USA
| | - Vibeke Baelum
- Department of Dentistry, Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Ole Fejerskov
- Department of Biomedicine, Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
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50
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Kim SG, Hong JY, Shin SI, Moon JH, Lee JY, Herr Y. Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in the peri-implant sulcus of Koreans assessed using a new primer. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2016; 46:35-45. [PMID: 26937292 PMCID: PMC4771836 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2016.46.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA is a virulence factor associated with periodontal diseases, but its role in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the condition of peri-implant tissue and the distribution of P. gingivalis fimA genotypes in Koreans using a new primer. METHODS A total of 248 plaque samples were taken from the peri-implant sulci of 184 subjects. The control group consisted of sound implants with a peri-implant probing depth (PD) of 5 mm or less with no bleeding on probing (BOP). Test group I consisted of implants with a peri-implant PD of 5 mm or less and BOP, and test group II consisted of implants with a peri-implant PD of more than 5 mm and BOP. DNA was extracted from each sample and analyzed a using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with P. gingivalis-specific primers, followed by an additional PCR assay to differentiate the fimA genotypes in P. gingivalis-positive subjects. RESULTS The Prevalence of P. gingivalis in each group did not significantly differ (P>0.05). The most predominant fimA genotype in all groups was type II. The prevalence of type Ib fimA was significantly greater in test group II than in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The fimA type Ib genotype of P. gingivalis was found to play a critical role in the destruction of peri-implant tissue, suggesting that it may be a distinct risk factor for peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Geun Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Hong
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Il Shin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoi Moon
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Lee
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeek Herr
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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