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da Silva Fonseca L, Mello ALR, Chisini LA, Collares K. Hard drugs use and tooth wear: a scoping review. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:348. [PMID: 38822934 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to map evidence on the relationship between hard drug use and dental wear. The scoping review is guided by the question: What is the relationship between hard drug consumption and dental wear? MATERIALS AND METHODS Adhering to PRISMA-ScR guidelines, searches were conducted across PubMed, Embase, and four databases in March 2024. Inclusion criteria included studies investigating the association between hard drug use and dental wear, regardless of publication date or language. Data were presented through narrative exposition, tables, and a conceptual framework. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies (four case-control, three cross-sectional, five case reports, and sixteen literature reviews) were included. Among case-control studies, 75% observed an association between drug use and dental erosion; however, no cross-sectional studies demonstrated this association. Despite questionable quality, reviews established connections between drug use and dental erosion. Studies aimed to elucidate potential causes for dental erosion. CONCLUSIONS Analysis suggests a potential link between hard drug use and dental wear, though indirect. Factors like bruxism and reduced salivary pH may contribute to dental wear among drug users. Further investigation through primary studies exploring this relationship is necessary. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dentists should focus not only on clinical characteristics of dental wear but also on mediating factors such as bruxism and decreased salivary pH associated with drug use. This holistic approach allows for a deeper understanding of dental wear mechanisms, enabling targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura da Silva Fonseca
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Alexandre Chisini
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Kauê Collares
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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2
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Alqarni H, Aldghim A, Alkahtani R, Alshahrani N, Altoman MS, Alfaifi MA, Helmi M, Alzaid AA. Crystal methamphetamine and its effects on mental and oral health: A narrative review. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:665-673. [PMID: 38766295 PMCID: PMC11096620 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this comprehensive literature review is to present the available evidence on the effects of methamphetamine on mental and oral health, as well as provide an overview of the most widely used medical and dental care strategies in the management of meth mouth. For this purpose, PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases were searched for relevant articles, yielding 115 search results, which were further scrutinized for their relevance, leaving 55 for a detailed review. The analysis of the gathered data indicates that a comprehensive patient-centered approach that takes into consideration the physical, mental, and social aspects is crucial for mitigating the detrimental effects of increasing methamphetamine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Alqarni
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adhwaa Aldghim
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rose Alkahtani
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Alshahrani
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S. Altoman
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alfaifi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Helmi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alzaid
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Balali-Mood M, Sinclair RD, Darchini-Maragheh E, Etemad L. Mucocutaneous alterations and complications in amphetamine abusers: a narrative review. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2023; 42:219-231. [PMID: 37450708 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2235425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Amphetamines are the second most commonly used illicit drug worldwide. Amphetamine use can result in significant cutaneous morbidity. This review highlights the dermatological manifestations of amphetamine abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Balali-Mood
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Rodney D Sinclair
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sinclair Dermatology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emadodin Darchini-Maragheh
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sinclair Dermatology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leila Etemad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Drug Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Hersi M, Corace K, Hamel C, Esmaeilisaraji L, Rice D, Dryburgh N, Skidmore B, Garber G, Porath A, Willows M, MacPherson P, Sproule B, Flores-Aranda J, Dickey C, Hutton B. Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions for problematic methamphetamine use: Findings from a scoping review of the literature. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292745. [PMID: 37819931 PMCID: PMC10566716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Methamphetamine use and related harms have risen at alarming rates. While several psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions have been described in the literature, there is uncertainty regarding the best approach for the management of methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) and problematic methamphetamine use (PMU). We conducted a scoping review of recent systematic reviews (SR), clinical practice guidelines (CPG), and primary controlled studies of psychosocial and pharmacologic treatments for MUD/PMU. METHODS Guided by an a priori protocol, electronic database search updates (e.g., MEDLINE, Embase) were performed in February 2022. Screening was performed following a two-stage process, leveraging artificial intelligence to increase efficiency of title and abstract screening. Studies involving individuals who use methamphetamine, including key subgroups (e.g. those with mental health comorbidities; adolescents/youths; gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men) were sought. We examined evidence related to methamphetamine use, relapse, use of other substances, risk behaviors, mental health, harms, and retention. Figures, tables and descriptive synthesis were used to present findings from the identified literature. RESULTS We identified 2 SRs, one CPG, and 54 primary studies reported in 69 publications that met our eligibility criteria. Amongst SRs, one concluded that psychostimulants had no effect on methamphetamine abstinence or treatment retention while the other reported no effect of topiramate on cravings. The CPG strongly recommended psychosocial interventions as well as self-help and family support groups for post-acute management of methamphetamine-related disorders. Amongst primary studies, many interventions were assessed by only single studies; contingency management was the therapy most commonly associated with evidence of potential effectiveness, while bupropion and modafinil were analogously the most common pharmacologic interventions. Nearly all interventions showed signs of potential benefit on at least one methamphetamine-related outcome measure. DISCUSSION This scoping review provides an overview of available interventions for the treatment of MUD/PMU. As most interventions were reported by a single study, the effectiveness of available interventions remains uncertain. Primary studies with longer durations of treatment and follow-up, larger sample sizes, and of special populations are required for conclusive recommendations of best approaches for the treatment of MUD/PMU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hersi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kim Corace
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Substance Use and Concurrent Disorders Program, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Danielle Rice
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicole Dryburgh
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Gary Garber
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Porath
- Knowledge Institute on Child and Youth Mental Health and Addictions, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Melanie Willows
- Substance Use and Concurrent Disorders Program, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paul MacPherson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Beth Sproule
- Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Chandlee Dickey
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Hutton
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Quaranta A, D'Isidoro O, Piattelli A, Hui WL, Perrotti V. Illegal drugs and periodontal conditions. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:62-87. [PMID: 36183328 PMCID: PMC9828249 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the practice of dentistry and periodontology has become complicated by several risk factors, including the treatment of an increasing number of patients with substance use disorder. This review presents an update in the current literature of the impact of illegal drug use on periodontal conditions and their possible effect as risk factors or indicators. The main illegal drugs that may have an impact on periodontal health and conditions are described, including their effect, medical manifestations, risks, and the overall effect on oral health and on the periodontium. Where available, data from epidemiologic studies are analyzed and summarized. The clinical management of periodontal patients using illegal drugs is reported in a comprehensive approach inclusive of the detection of illicit drug users, screening, interviewing and counseling, the referral to treatment, and the dental and periodontal management. With regard to the impact of illegal substance use on periodontal conditions, there is moderate evidence that regular long-term use of cannabis is a risk factor for periodontal disease, manifesting as a loss of periodontal attachment, deep pockets, recessions, and gingival enlargements. Limited evidence also shows that the use of cocaine can cause a series of gingival conditions that mostly presents as chemical induced-traumatic lesions (application of cocaine on the gingiva) or necrotizing ulcerative lesions. There is a scarcity of data regarding the impact of other drug use on periodontal health. There is evidence to suggest that regular long-term use of cannabis is a risk factor for periodontal disease and that the use of cocaine can cause a series of periodontal conditions. The dental treatment of subjects that use illegal substances is becoming more common in the daily clinical practice of periodontists and other dental clinicians. When the clinicians encounter such patients, it is essential to manage their addiction properly taking into consideration the impact of it on comprehensive dental treatment. Further studies and clinical observations are required to obtain sound and definitive information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Quaranta
- School of DentistryUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Smile Specialists SuiteNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Adriano Piattelli
- Dental SchoolSaint Camillus International University for Health Sciences (Unicamillus)RomeItaly,Casa di Cura Villa SerenaCittà Sant'Angelo, PescaraItaly
| | - Wang Lai Hui
- Smile Specialists SuiteNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB)University of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
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Ghaderi A, Kashani A, Shamollaghamsari S, Mohammadi A, Banafshe H. A cross-sectional study on the association between oral health and vitamin D levels in methadone maintenance treatment program of Iranian population. INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_162_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
Early identification of cutaneous manifestations of alcohol and illicit drug use can aid in the diagnosis and management of these uses, as well as their sequelae. In addition, the effects of alcohol and illicit drug use on the skin can result in significant morbidity. Alcohol misuse can present with jaundice, pruritus, pigmentary alterations, urticaria, hair and nail changes, and oral changes. It is also a risk factor for skin cancer and infections. Vascular disturbances associated with alcohol misuse include telangiectasias, palmar erythema, caput medusae, and flushing. Diseases related to alcohol misuse include nutritional deficiencies, porphyria cutanea tarda, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, nummular dermatitis, and rosacea. Other conditions seen in alcohol misuse include Dupuytren contracture, Peyronie disease, and pancreatitis. Dermatologists should also be aware of hepatotoxic medications that are commonly prescribed for skin diseases so as to avoid initiating hepatoxicity in patients who use alcohol. Illicit drug use can manifest with cutaneous fibrosis, scarring, granulomas, ulceration, pruritus, infections, cocaine-levamisole-induced vasculitis, tooth decay, and oral disease. By recognizing the cutaneous stigmata of alcohol and illicit drug use, dermatologists can aid in the identification and treatment of patients suffering from these addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh P Jain
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kimberly Shao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Campbell Stewart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
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8
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Rossow I. Illicit drug use and oral health. Addiction 2021; 116:3235-3242. [PMID: 33247857 DOI: 10.1111/add.15360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
People with drug use disorders (PWDUD) have elevated prevalence of oral diseases, in particular dental caries (tooth decay), periodontal (gum) disease and xerostomia (dry mouth). When left untreated, these oral health conditions may progress and lead to tooth ache, abscesses and tooth loss, and in turn, to poor chewing functioning and digestion, dental aesthetic problems and reduced wellbeing. Illicit drug use may, per se, cause xerostomia, which in turn increases vulnerability for dental caries. However, the other main drivers of oral diseases and their progression-poor oral hygiene, frequent sugar intake and infrequent dental visits-can mainly be ascribed to the irregular lifestyle, poor economy and mental health problems that often accompany illicit drug use. Establishment of good oral health habits is essential in the dental care for PWDUD. Dental treatment is often comprehensive and challenging; because the patients may have extensive treatment needs but also difficulties adhering to preventive measures and dental appointments. An integrated care approach for PWDUD would likely benefit both their oral and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Rossow
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Yang Y, Yu X, Yang X, Zeng K, Liu G, Hao W, Zhang S, Wang G. Oral Microbiota Profile of Individuals Who Abuse Methamphetamine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:706961. [PMID: 34568092 PMCID: PMC8461105 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.706961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor oral health condition of individuals who abuse methamphetamine (MA) is well known. The roles of the oral and fecal microbiomes in addiction and nervous system diseases have been the focus of many studies. However, changes in the microbiota composition of MA users have not been reported. This was addressed in the present study in 20 MA users and 14 sex-matched healthy subjects. Saliva samples were collected and high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed to evaluate oral microbiome profiles. The results showed that species richness was significantly lower in the MA group than in the control group. Bacterial taxa that are known to be related to oral diseases such as Negativicutes, Veillonellaceae, Veillonella, and Selenomonadales had higher relative abundance in the MA group than in the control group, and the relative abundance of Prevotella melaninogenica-a putative etiologic agent of periodontal disease-was also higher. Avoiding MA use and improving oral hygiene practices over a short term (i.e., during hospitalization for 2 weeks) did not alter the oral microbiota composition of MA users. Although the causal relationship between changes in oral microbiome profile and MA abuse remains to be determined, our results suggest that oral disease prevention and treatment strategies are important for MA users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongde Yang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, The Ninth Clinical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, The Ninth Clinical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kuan Zeng
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, The Ninth Clinical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Wei Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, The Ninth Clinical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, The Ninth Clinical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Huynh C, Aldossri MA, Quiñonez CR, Manson H, Singhal S. Ontario dentists' ease to discuss sensitive health issues with their patients: A cross-sectional study. J Public Health Dent 2021; 81:290-298. [PMID: 34386979 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With consistent calls for a more integrated approach to improve the healthcare system's effectiveness, the scope of practice for dentists has expanded; dentists are now seen to positively intervene to address several sensitive health issues among their patients. However, it is not clear how comfortable dentists feel in doing so. This study endeavored to assess self-perceived ease of dentists to discuss various sensitive health issues and if their socio-demographics influence their ease. METHODS A self-administered online survey was sent to Ontario dentists (n = 9975) to assess their self-perceived ease in discussing five sensitive health issues with their patients: eating disorders, substance abuse, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), sexual behaviors, and physical abuse. Ordinal logistic regressions were performed along with descriptive analyses. RESULTS The response rate was 9.3%. Over 50% of participants indicated difficulty discussing STIs, sexual behaviors and physical abuse. Younger dentists, female practitioners, dentists practicing in private settings, and those practicing in rural areas perceived more difficulty to discuss all five health issues. Place of training was also a significant predictor: internationally trained dentists perceived it easier to discuss eating disorders, substance abuse, and physical abuse while Canadian trained were more at ease to discuss STIs and sexual behaviors. CONCLUSION This exploratory study identified that a large proportion of dentists are not comfortable discussing sensitive health issue with their patients. There are numerous opportunities for intervention in Canadian dental curriculums, continuing education programs, and communication practices to support dentists' discussions with patients about these important health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Huynh
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Musfer A Aldossri
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos R Quiñonez
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Manson
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, Health Promotion Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention Department, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonica Singhal
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, Health Promotion Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention Department, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Yoosefi Lebni J, Ziapour A, Qorbani M, Khosravi B, Mirzaei A, Safari O, Mansourian M, Özdenk GD. Explaining the causes of crystal addiction in Tehran: a qualitative approach. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-019-01093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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12
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Yang J, Li L, Hong S, Zhang D, Zhou Y. Methamphetamine leads to the alterations of microRNA profiles in the nucleus accumbens of rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:797-805. [PMID: 32893733 PMCID: PMC8641683 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1803366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT MicroRNA (miRNA) is an important regulator of gene expression. Methamphetamine (METH) induces a variety of alterations in different systems by affecting gene expression, but the effects of METH on miRNA profiles need to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES This study develops a rat model of METH addiction, and analyzes the expression profile alterations of miRNA in nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the METH-addicted rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 10 mg/kg METH or vehicle twice a day for 4 weeks. The addictive behaviour of rats was estimated by CPP test. The pathological changes of brain tissues were then observed by HE and Glee silver staining. The miRNA profile analysis of the NAc of the rats was performed using an Illumina HiSeq™ 2500 sequencing system. RESULTS CPP test indicated that METH significantly prolonged the residence time of the rats in the drug box (from 307 ± 97 to 592 ± 96 s). The pathological staining showed the distorted axons, and fewer polarized neurons in the METH-treated rats. We further identified 40 differential miRNAs (17 up- and 23 down-regulated) and three novel miRNAs (novel 237, 296 and 501) that responded to METH. The bioinformatic analysis for the potential targets of the differential miRNA suggests that the downstream were concentrated in the Wnt signalling pathway, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, spliceosome, lysosome, and axon guidance. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS A number of miRNAs responding to METH were identified in the NAc of rats. These METH-regulated miRNAs provide a new perspective for revealing the molecular mechanisms of METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lihua Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shijun Hong
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dongxian Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yiqing Zhou
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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13
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Hamel C, Corace K, Hersi M, Rice D, Willows M, Macpherson P, Sproule B, Flores-Aranda J, Garber G, Esmaeilisaraji L, Skidmore B, Porath A, Ortiz Nunez R, Hutton B. Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions for methamphetamine addiction: protocol for a scoping review of the literature. Syst Rev 2020; 9:245. [PMID: 33099314 PMCID: PMC7585172 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine use and harms are rising rapidly. Management of patients with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) and problematic methamphetamine use (PMU) is challenging, with no clearly established best approach; both psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions have been described. Furthermore, given the diversity of individuals that use methamphetamines, there is a need to assess evidence for treatments for subgroups including youths; gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men; individuals with mental health comorbidities; and individuals in correction services. Establishing awareness of the messages regarding treatment from recent clinical practice guidelines (CPG) in the field is also of value. The first study objective will be to establish a greater understanding of the methods, populations, and findings of controlled studies for psychosocial and pharmacologic treatments for MUD and PMU. Investigation of this information can help establish the potential for advanced syntheses of the evidence (such as network meta-analysis) to compare therapies for this condition and to identify gaps related to key populations where more primary research is needed. Summarizing the recommendations regarding treatment of MUD/PMU from recent CPGs and systematic reviews will be an important secondary objective. METHODS A scoping review will be performed. Using the OVID platform, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and relevant Cochrane databases from EBM Reviews will be searched (from databases' inception onwards). Eligibility criteria will include individuals described as having MUD or PMU, with designs of interest including randomized trials, non-randomized trials, and controlled cohort studies with three or more months of follow-up; systematic reviews and CPGs will also be sought. Two reviewers (with support from automation tools) will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and chart data. Different approaches to handling and summarizing the data will be implemented for each type of study design. Tables and graphics will be used to map evidence sources and identify evidence gaps. DISCUSSION This research will enhance awareness of evidence addressing the effects of psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions for MUD/PMU overall and in sub-populations, both in terms of recent CPGs/reviews and primary studies; inspection of the latter will also help establish the feasibility of future syntheses to compare treatments, such as network meta-analysis. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/9wy8p ).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hamel
- Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201b, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 L6, Canada
| | - K Corace
- Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201b, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 L6, Canada.,Substance Use and Concurrent Disorders Program, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Hersi
- Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201b, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 L6, Canada
| | - D Rice
- Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201b, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 L6, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Willows
- Substance Use and Concurrent Disorders Program, The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - P Macpherson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - B Sproule
- Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - G Garber
- Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201b, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 L6, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Esmaeilisaraji
- Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201b, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 L6, Canada
| | - B Skidmore
- Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201b, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 L6, Canada
| | - A Porath
- Canadian Center on Substance Use and Addiction, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - B Hutton
- Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Box 201b, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8 L6, Canada. .,Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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14
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Olchowy A, Wieckiewicz M, Winocur E, Dominiak M, Dekkers I, Łasecki M, Olchowy C. Great potential of ultrasound elastography for the assessment of the masseter muscle in patients with temporomandibular disorders. A systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2020; 49:20200024. [PMID: 32150452 PMCID: PMC7719860 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the available evidence on the use of elastography in the assessment of the masseter muscle in healthy individuals and patients with masseter muscle disorders. Methods: Systematic literature review has been performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Results: 16 of 142 studies identified were analyzed. Elastography was used in seven studies. Heterogeneity was observed in terms of study protocols, devices, patients, units of measure, and results. Elasticity values showed a correlation between the left and right masseter muscle side in healthy people, but not in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Elasticity values increased in TMD and were correlated with the severity of TMD symptoms. Phantom studies proved the high reliability of elastography. Conclusion: Elastography is a promising tool for the assessment of the masseter muscle elasticity, but the evidence is insufficient. Studies on larger groups are needed to determine the accuracy of elastography to characterize masticatory muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olchowy
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mieszko Wieckiewicz
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Efraim Winocur
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marzena Dominiak
- Department of Oral Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Dekkers
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mateusz Łasecki
- Department of Radiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cyprian Olchowy
- Department of Oral Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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15
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Yazdanian M, Armoon B, Noroozi A, Mohammadi R, Bayat AH, Ahounbar E, Higgs P, Nasab HS, Bayani A, Hemmat M. Dental caries and periodontal disease among people who use drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:44. [PMID: 32041585 PMCID: PMC7011515 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-1010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to perform a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis in order to investigate relationship between drug use and oral health. METHODS We searched for studies in English published before July 1, 2019 on PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science. We assessed the relationship between drug use (methamphetamines, heroin; opiates; crack, cocaine and cannabis as dependent variables) and reported tooth loss, periodontal disease, or decayed, missing, and filled teeth index as an independent variable. The data were analyzed using Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS We initially identified 1836 potential articles (with 1100 duplicates) and screened the remaining 736 titles and abstracts, comprising 54 studies. In the next step, we evaluated the full-texts; 44 studies were excluded, accordingly. In total, we included 10 publications in the meta-analysis. Drug type was associated with periodontal disease (OR 1.44; 95% CI 0.8-2.6) and pooled estimates showed that type of drug used increased the odds of the number of decayed, missed and filled teeth (DMFT) (OR 4.11; 95% CI 2.07-8.15) respectively. CONCLUSIONS The analytical challenges of segregating the impact of individual drug types on oral health diseases mean that investigations on the direct relationship between oral health status and drug use are limited. Developing programs to improve potential confounding with various substances and addressing the dental health needs of people who use drugs is vital if we are to improve their overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Bahram Armoon
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Noroozi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasool Mohammadi
- Department of Public Health,, Loresatn University of Medical Sciences, Khoram Abad, Iran
| | - Amir-Hosein Bayat
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Elahe Ahounbar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Peter Higgs
- Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hormoz Sanaei Nasab
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Bayani
- Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Hemmat
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
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16
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Meira IA, Fernandes NLS, Lavôr JRD, Sampaio FC, Oliveira AFBD. Investigation of the Erosive Potential of Different Types of Alcoholic Beverages. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2020.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Goel D, Patthi B, Singla A, Malhi R, Chaudhary PK, Khan A. Assessment of knowledge and attitude regarding management of patients with substance usage in dental clinics in Modinagar- A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:3683-3688. [PMID: 31803673 PMCID: PMC6881923 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_733_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The consequences of oral issues among drug users necessitate the implementation of a comprehensive dental care program. Integrated oral health-care services should be programmed for the management of drug addiction as a multi-organ disease needs a multi-disciplinary approach. Aim The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding the management of patients with substance usage at a dental clinic. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 208 dentists working as clinicians. A self-structured 27-item questionnaire consisting of questions related to the management of patients with substance usage at a dental clinic was distributed to them. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and descriptive and analytical tests, including mean, standard deviation, and Chi-square test were used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Majority of the dentist irrespective of qualification were unaware of the modalities regarding the management of the patients with substance usage at the dental clinic. Most dental clinicians were having a positive attitude regarding such patients and agreed that abuser should be identified and managed in dental settings. Conclusion Educating dental graduates and postgraduates about the oral implications of substance usage and making it a part of the dental curriculum may help us deal with the global issues of substance usage. The dental setting is recognized increasingly as an untapped venue for the delivery of medical screenings, given the long-term nature and frequent contacts associated with the patient-dentist relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyangi Goel
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, D.J. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Basavaraj Patthi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, D.J. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Singla
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, D.J. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravneet Malhi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, D.J. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, D.J. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ambar Khan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, D.J. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Teoh L, Moses G, McCullough MJ. Oral manifestations of illicit drug use. Aust Dent J 2019; 64:213-222. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Teoh
- Melbourne Dental School The University of Melbourne Carlton Victoria Australia
| | - G Moses
- School of Pharmacy University of Queensland Woolloongabba Queensland Australia
| | - MJ McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School The University of Melbourne Carlton Victoria Australia
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19
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Vainionpää R, Kinnunen T, Pesonen P, Laitala ML, Anttonen V, Sipilä K. Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) among Finnish prisoners: cross-sectional clinical study. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:264-268. [PMID: 30430904 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1535660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms and clinically diagnosed TMD among Finnish prisoners. MATERIAL AND METHODS Altogether 100 prisoners from the Pelso Prison, Vaala, Finland, underwent dental and TMD clinical examinations performed by a calibrated and well-trained dentist. Symptom Questionnaire and clinical examination according to a Finnish pre-final version of the DC/TMD (Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders) Axis I protocol were used to evaluate the prevalence of TMD sub-diagnoses. RESULTS The most common TMD symptoms were facial pain (54.0%), temporomandibular joint noises (43.0%) and headache (37.0%). The prevalence of joint-related TMD diagnoses was four and a half times higher than diagnoses attributed with pain (76.0% vs. 17.0%). The most common TMD diagnoses were degenerative joint disease (33.0%) and disc displacement with reduction (33.0%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of self-reported TMD symptoms and clinical assessed TMD, especially join-related TMD diagnoses, is high among Finnish prisoners. Examination and treatment of TMD should become a common practice also in prison dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raija Vainionpää
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Cariology Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tommi Kinnunen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paula Pesonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Laitala
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Cariology Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vuokko Anttonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Cariology Endodontology and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kirsi Sipilä
- Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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20
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Priyadarshini SR, Sahoo PK, Jena D, Panigrahi R, Patnaik S, Mohapatra A. Knowledge, attitude and practice of dental professionals towards substance use. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9:65-71. [PMID: 30923696 PMCID: PMC6402249 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_246_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The dentist must be aware of this drug use in their individual patients to: (1) avoid possible contraindications during dental treatment, (2) be aware of the many oral and craniofacial manifestations of such drug use, (3) be able to provide necessary dental treatment to combat the dental/oral ravages of drug use, and (4) be able to refer such patients, if so desired by the patient. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is (1) To determine the knowledge of abusive drugs among dentists and (2) To determine the attitude and role of dentists in identifying patients with abusive drugs. Subjects and Methods: A modified 27-item questionnaire was formulated and distributed among the study. The participants were to return the filled questionnaire to the investigators within a week. A total of 203 validated entries were collected. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2007 and analyzed in SPSS V20. Associations between categorical variables were determined using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Irrespective of the educational qualification drugs are perceived harmful with definite oral manifestations, and dentists should be concerned with identifying individuals with drugs. It is believed that trying drugs once could lead to possible addiction and that dental practitioners should have their skills developed to handle cases and referred to deaddiction centers with modification of treatment plans. Conclusions: Educating dental graduates and postgraduates about the oral implications of drugs intake and making it a part of the dental curriculum may help us dealing with the global issues of drugs. Even making dental students a part in counseling and part of the behavioral therapies advocated in treating drug addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita R Priyadarshini
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debkant Jena
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rajat Panigrahi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swati Patnaik
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Abhilash Mohapatra
- Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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21
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Shekarchizadeh H, Khami MR, Mohebbi SZ, Ekhtiari H, Virtanen JI. Oral health status and its determinants among opiate dependents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:5. [PMID: 30616605 PMCID: PMC6323735 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In addition to numerous general health problems, drug dependents manifest various oral health disorders. Our aim was to investigate the oral health status and its determinants among in-treatment opiate dependents. Methods As part of a comprehensive cross-sectional survey on opiate dependents admitted to methadone maintenance centers in Tehran, Iran, we conducted a clinical study in two centers from different socioeconomic areas. A trained dentist conducted face to face interviews and clinical oral examinations based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) on volunteer patients. Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, and Chi2 tests, in addition to linear and logistic regression models served for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Results A total of 217 patients (98% men), with a mean age of 43.6 years (SD 12.3) participated in the study. Opium was the main drug of abuse reported by 70% of the participants followed by crystalline heroin (22%). Of the participants, 24.4% were totally edentulous. The mean DMFT score of participants was 20.3 (SD 7.8). Missing teeth comprised the main part of the index followed by decayed and filled teeth. Older patients (p < 0.001) and the patients with a lower socioeconomic status (p = 0.01) had higher DMFT scores. None of the dentate patients had a healthy periodontium. Maximum CPI mostly consisted of shallow pockets (66%) followed by calculus in 15%, deep pockets in 11%, and bleeding in 8% of the participants. Older participants (p = 0.02) and those who started drug abuse at a younger age (p = 0.01) were more likely to develop periodontal pockets. Conclusions Opiate dependents had a poor oral health status in terms of the dentition status and periodontal health. Missing teeth comprised the main part of their dental caries history and none had a healthy periodontium. Oral health care should be integrated into the package of general health services available in treatment centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Shekarchizadeh
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, University Blvd, Arqavanieh, Jey Street, P.O.Box: 81595-158, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad R Khami
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Postal code 1417614411, Iran.,Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Postal code 1439955934, Iran
| | - Simin Z Mohebbi
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Postal code 1417614411, Iran.,Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Postal code 1439955934, Iran
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Neurocognitive Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Postal code 1336616357, Iran
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, FI-90029, Oulu, Finland
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22
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Wiss DA, Schellenberger M, Prelip ML. Registered Dietitian Nutritionists in Substance Use Disorder Treatment Centers. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:2217-2221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Wagner DJ, Shireman LM, Ahn S, Shen DD, Wang J. Disposition of Methamphetamine and Major Metabolites in Mice: Role of Organic Cation Transporter 3 in Tissue-Selective Accumulation of Para-Hydroxymethamphetamine. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1277-1284. [PMID: 29915156 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.082131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine is one of the most widely abused illicit drugs. Although human intoxication and multiple tissue toxicities frequently occur in abusers, little is known about the distribution of methamphetamine or its primary metabolites, amphetamine and para-hydroxymethamphetamine (p-OHMA), to their sites of toxicity. This study determined the pharmacokinetics, tissue exposure, and partition ratios of methamphetamine and major metabolites in various mouse tissues and investigated the impact of organic cation transporter 3 (Oct3) following i.v. injection of methamphetamine to male Oct3+/+ and Oct3-/- mice. Methamphetamine, amphetamine, and p-OHMA were readily detectable in plasma with Oct3+/+ and Oct3-/- mice displaying similar plasma pharmacokinetic profiles for all three analytes. In addition to kidney and liver, salivary glands highly accumulated methamphetamine, amphetamine, and p-OHMA with total exposure 3.3- to 9.4-fold higher than plasma area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). Consistent with being an Oct3 substrate, p-OHMA AUC in salivary glands is reduced by 50% in Oct3-/- mice. p-OHMA AUC in skeletal muscle is also significantly reduced in Oct3-/- mice. Our data identified salivary glands as a novel site of high accumulation of methamphetamine and metabolites, which may underlie methamphetamine toxicity in this tissue. Furthermore, our study identified Oct3 as an important determinant of tissue uptake and exposure to p-OHMA in salivary glands and skeletal muscle. Our findings suggest that local tissue accumulation of methamphetamine and/or its metabolites may play a role in several of the reported peripheral toxicities of methamphetamine, and Oct3 can significantly impact tissue exposure to its substrates without affecting systemic elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Wagner
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.J.W., L.M.S., D.D.S., J.W.) and Pharmacy (S.A.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Laura M Shireman
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.J.W., L.M.S., D.D.S., J.W.) and Pharmacy (S.A.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sojung Ahn
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.J.W., L.M.S., D.D.S., J.W.) and Pharmacy (S.A.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Danny D Shen
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.J.W., L.M.S., D.D.S., J.W.) and Pharmacy (S.A.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joanne Wang
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (D.J.W., L.M.S., D.D.S., J.W.) and Pharmacy (S.A.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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24
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Lee AMH, Ng CG, Koh OH, Gill JS, Aziz SA. Metabolic Syndrome in First Episode Schizophrenia, Based on the National Mental Health Registry of Schizophrenia (NMHR) in a General Hospital in Malaysia: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E933. [PMID: 29735938 PMCID: PMC5981972 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been linked with various medical comorbidities, particularly metabolic syndrome. The number of studies on this aspect is lacking in Malaysia. (1) Objective: To investigate metabolic syndrome rates and its associated factors. (2) Method: This is the first 10-year retrospective-outcome study of patients with first episode schizophrenia in Malaysia. Out of 394 patients diagnosed with first episode schizophrenia and registered with the National Mental Health Registry of Schizophrenia (NMHR) in the General Hospital Kuala Lumpur (GHKL) in 2004⁻2005, 174 patients consented to participate in the study. They were interviewed using a Schizophrenia outcome questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was made using the National Cholesterol Education Program—Third Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III). (3) Results: All patients’ weight, body mass index, fasting blood sugar, and blood pressure are significantly increased. Sixty-three subjects (36.2%) developed metabolic syndrome while 36 (23.2%) were hypertensive, and 41 (28.1%) were diabetic. Use of fluphenthixol depot (CI = 1.05⁻5.09, OR: 0.84, p = 0.039), reduced physical activity (CI = 0.13⁻1.00, OR: −1.04, p = 0.049), and substance use disorder (CI = 1.40, 13.89, OR: 1.48, p = 0.012) were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome based on univariate analysis. In further multivariate analysis, comorbid substance abuse was the only significant factor associated with metabolic syndrome after adjusting for physical activity and intramuscular depot. (4) Conclusion: Patients with schizophrenia are at high risk of metabolic syndrome. It is important to address substance use problems as an important risk factor of this comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Muh Haur Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, 50586 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Chong Guan Ng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ong Hui Koh
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jesjeet Singh Gill
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Salina Abdul Aziz
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, 50586 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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25
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Ye T, Sun D, Dong G, Xu G, Wang L, Du J, Ren P, Yu S. The effect of methamphetamine abuse on dental caries and periodontal diseases in an Eastern China city. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:8. [PMID: 29321070 PMCID: PMC5763656 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental diseases are among the most frequently reported health problems in drug abusers. However, few studies have been conducted on oral health of methamphetamine (meth) abusers in China. The aim of the present study was to investigate the caries and periodontal health profile of former meth abusers in Eastern China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 162 former meth abusers in the male Zhoushan Compulsory Detoxification Center. A standardized questionnaire, which collected information about age, drug-use duration / pattern, oral hygiene habit and systemic diseases, was administered. Then, a dental examination was performed to investigate the severity of dental caries and periodontal diseases. In evaluating dental caries, the prevalence of dental caries, the scores of decayed teeth (DT), missing teeth (MT), filled teeth (FT), and decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) were recorded. In evaluating periodontal diseases, community periodontal index (CPI), and the prevalence of gingival bleeding, dental calculus, periodontal pocket and loose teeth, were recorded. Additionally, the non-parametric test was adopted to analyze the potential risk factors via SPSS. Results All the participants abused meth by inhalation. The mean scores of DT, MT, FT and DMFT in the former meth users were 2.72 ± 2.78, 3.07 ± 3.94, 0.33 ± 1.03 and 6.13 ± 5.20 respectively. The prevalence of gingival bleeding, dental calculus, periodontal pocket and loose teeth was 97.53%, 95.68%, 51.23% and 9.26% respectively. The DT, DMFT and CPI scores in those who had abused meth for longer than 4 years were significantly higher than those who abused for less than 4 years (P = 0.039, 0.045, P < 0.001, respectively). The DT score in those who brushed their teeth more than twice a day were significantly lower than those who brushed less (P = 0.018). Conclusions The status of caries and periodontal diseases among former male meth users in Eastern China was poor. Prolonged drug abuse and lower frequency of tooth brushing may be the risk factors of their poor status of caries and periodontal diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12903-017-0463-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA 413 Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ligang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA 413 Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Du
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA 413 Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Ren
- Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shibin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Sordi MB, Massochin RC, Camargo ARD, Lemos T, Munhoz EDA. Oral health assessment for users of marijuana and cocaine/crack substances. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e102. [PMID: 29267663 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the oral health status of users of illicit drugs such as marijuana and cocaine/crack and compare it with individuals not using these chemical substances. Questionnaires were applied to 35 illicit drugs users to gather information on demographic status, general health, and use of drugs. Then, a clinical assessment of the oral health condition was performed to collect data on decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index, salivary flow rate (SFR), and mucosal lesions. The control group was composed of 35 non-illicit drug users. In the experimental group, 91.43% were males, 80% were smokers, and 42.85% were alcoholics. Cocaine was the most common drug used (77.15%), followed by marijuana (68.6%), and crack (51.4%). The average DMFT index was 9.8 and the SFR was reduced in 60% of subjects. Mucosal alterations were detected, but no potentially malignant disorders or oral cancer were diagnosed. Compared to control group, significantly higher values for gender (40%, p = 0.0001), smoking (22.86%) and heavy drinking (5.7%) habits (p = 0.0001), SFR (31.4%; p = 0.0308), and oral lesions (p = 0.0488) were found for the experimental group, although significantly higher values were found in the control group for DMFT index (p = 0.0148). It can be concluded that the use of illicit drugs contributed to an increased prevalence of oral mucosa lesions. In addition, a decline on SFR and a reduced DMFT index was observed for illicit drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tadeu Lemos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina – UFSC, Brazil
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Sim MS, Soga T, Pandy V, Wu YS, Parhar IS, Mohamed Z. MicroRNA expression signature of methamphetamine use and addiction in the rat nucleus accumbens. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1767-1783. [PMID: 28681200 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psycho-stimulant that induces behavioral changes due to high level of METH-induced dopamine in the brain. Nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an important role in these changes, especially in drug addiction. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms of METH-induced addiction. The objective of this study was to establish a behavioral model of METH use and addiction using escalating doses of METH over 15 days and to determine the global miRNA expression profiling in NAc of METH-addicted rats. In the behavioral study, the experimental rats were divided into 3 groups of 9 each: a control group, a single dose METH (5 mg/kg) treatment group and a continuous 15 alternate days METH (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mg/kg) treatment group. Following that, six rats in each group were randomly selected for global miRNA profiling. Addiction behavior in rats was established using Conditioned Place Preference task. The analysis of the miRNA profiling in the NAc was performed using Affymetric microarray GeneChip® System. The findings indicated that a continuous 15 alternate days METH treatment rats showed a preference for the drug-paired compartment of the CPP. However, a one-time acute treatment with 5 mg/kg METH did not show any significant difference in preference when compared with controls. Differential profiling of miRNAs indicated that 166 miRNAs were up-regulated and 4 down-regulated in the chronic METH-treatment group when compared to controls. In comparing the chronic treatment group with the acute treatment group, 52 miRNAs were shown to be up-regulated and 7 were down-regulated. MiRNAs including miR-496-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-200b-3p and miR-181a-5p, were found to be significantly associated with METH addiction. Canonical pathway analysis revealed that a high number of METH addiction-related miRNAs play important roles in the MAPK, CREB, G-Protein Couple Receptor and GnRH Signaling pathways. Our results suggest that dynamic changes occur in the expression of miRNAs following METH exposure and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maw Shin Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Tomoko Soga
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vijayapandi Pandy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Pabst A, Castillo-Duque JC, Mayer A, Klinghuber M, Werkmeister R. Meth Mouth-A Growing Epidemic in Dentistry? Dent J (Basel) 2017; 5:dj5040029. [PMID: 29563435 PMCID: PMC5806971 DOI: 10.3390/dj5040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, the synthetic style and fashion drug “crystal meth” (“crystal”, “meth”), chemically representing the crystalline form of the methamphetamine hydrochloride, has become more and more popular in the United States, in Eastern Europe, and just recently in Central and Western Europe. “Meth” is cheap, easy to synthesize and to market, and has an extremely high potential for abuse and dependence. As a strong sympathomimetic, “meth” has the potency to switch off hunger, fatigue and, pain while simultaneously increasing physical and mental performance. The most relevant side effects are heart and circulatory complaints, severe psychotic attacks, personality changes, and progressive neurodegeneration. Another effect is “meth mouth”, defined as serious tooth and oral health damage after long-standing “meth” abuse; this condition may become increasingly relevant in dentistry and oral- and maxillofacial surgery. There might be an association between general methamphetamine abuse and the development of osteonecrosis, similar to the medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ). Several case reports concerning “meth” patients after tooth extractions or oral surgery have presented clinical pictures similar to MRONJ. This overview summarizes the most relevant aspect concerning “crystal meth” abuse and “meth mouth”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pabst
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal Armed Forces Hospital, Rübenacherstrasse 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Juan Carlos Castillo-Duque
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal Armed Forces Hospital, Rübenacherstrasse 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Axel Mayer
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal Armed Forces Hospital, Rübenacherstrasse 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Marcus Klinghuber
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal Armed Forces Hospital, Rübenacherstrasse 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Richard Werkmeister
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal Armed Forces Hospital, Rübenacherstrasse 170, 56072 Koblenz, Germany.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic methamphetamine (MA) users experience many dental problems, a condition characterized as "meth mouth." These devastating effects on dentition is the main reason why many seek professional help. Here, we discuss the effects of MA on oral health and advocate for improved collaboration between dentists and mental health providers. We also introduce a dental evaluation tool with the goal of improving the quality of care for this often-marginalized patient population. METHODS A Medline literature search (1985-2016) was conducted with keywords "meth mouth," "methamphetamine AND oral health"; "methamphetamine AND dental"; "methamphetamine AND dentist." Results were supplemented by references gleaned from recent reviews, credible online sources, and citations of search returns. RESULTS MA predisposes users to tooth decay. They are also more likely to have missing dentition with a linear relationship correlating the number of years of use. A constellation of dental symptoms resulting from chronic MA use has been described in literature: gingival inflammation, excessive tooth wear, decreased salivary output, and severe dental caries. With continued use, mucosal lesions may appear on the lips and the gingival tissue may recede. MA can trigger bruxism, resulting in severe wear patterns and even cracked teeth. CONCLUSIONS Users of MA have many unmet medical and mental health needs. An interdisciplinary approach between dentists and mental health providers can improve outcomes. The dental evaluation tool described here can improve the bidirectional collaboration between mental health and dentistry. Dental professionals are in a unique position to identify users and can facilitate referral to substance abuse treatment. Likewise, mental health providers can identify, assess severity, and prompt users for medical and dental attention.
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Al Hazzani SA. Use of Evidence-Based Decision-Making in Comprehensive Dental Treatment of a Patient with Meth Mouth-A Case Report. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2017; 17:92-98. [PMID: 28501070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This case report illustrates the use of evidence-based practice in formulating a comprehensive dental treatment plan for a patient who presented himself with signs of oral health debilitation accompanying methamphetamine (MA) abuse called "meth mouth" with the goal of providing dental care practitioners in Saudi Arabia with an insight into the global problem of MA abuse and its impact on oral health. BACKGROUND This report documents the case of a 22-year-old male patient who reported to the clinic with rampant caries caused due to MA abuse exacerbated by poor oral hygiene and smoking habit. METHOD The treatment plan of this present case was formulated on the lines of the evidence-based dentistry approach. A clinical question was composed based on the Problem, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome format to identify past studies and case reports on meth mouth. A standard search was conducted on PubMed Central. Standard guidelines on the treatment of meth mouth were extracted from the Web site of the American Dental Association. RESULTS A total of 2 systematic reviews, 7 review articles, 4 epidemiologic studies, 5 case reports, and 1 American Dental Association guideline were found. CONCLUSION Accelerated dental decay leading to rampant caries in young and middle-aged adults is a characteristic oral finding in MA abusers. The most important factor that affects the prognosis of dental care is complete cessation of MA use by the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad A Al Hazzani
- Dental Department, King Khalid Hospital and Prince Sultan Center, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
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31
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Baghaie H, Kisely S, Forbes M, Sawyer E, Siskind DJ. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between poor oral health and substance abuse. Addiction 2017; 112:765-779. [PMID: 28299855 DOI: 10.1111/add.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Substance use disorders are associated commonly with comorbid physical illness. There are fewer data on dental disease in these conditions, in spite of high rates of dry mouth (xerostomia), as well as the associated indirect or life-style effects such as poverty and lack of access to care. We compared the oral health of people with substance use disorders (SUDs) with non-using controls. METHOD This was a systematic search for studies from the last 35 years of the oral health of people reporting SUDs. We used MEDLINE, PsycInfo, OVID, Google Scholar, EMBASE and article bibliographies. Results were compared with the general population. Oral health was assessed in terms of dental caries and periodontal disease using the following standardized measures: the mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) or surfaces (DMFS) and probing pocket depth. Non-carious tooth loss was assessed clinically. RESULTS We identified 28 studies that had sufficient data for a meta-analysis, comprising 4086 SU patients and 28 031 controls. People with SUD had significantly higher mean scores for DMFT [mean difference = 5.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.61-7.69 and DMFS (mean difference = 17.83, 95% CI = 6.85-28.8]. They had more decayed teeth but fewer restorations, indicating reduced access to dental care. Patients with SUD also exhibited greater tooth loss, non-carious tooth loss and destructive periodontal disease compared to controls. CONCLUSION Patients with substance use disorders have greater and more severe dental caries and periodontal disease than the general population, but are less likely to have received dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Baghaie
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Steve Kisely
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Malcolm Forbes
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily Sawyer
- James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Dan J Siskind
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Clague J, Belin TR, Shetty V. Mechanisms underlying methamphetamine-related dental disease. J Am Dent Assoc 2017; 148:377-386. [PMID: 28457476 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors clarified the causal mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of dental disease encountered in people who habitually use methamphetamine (meth). METHODS Using a stratified sampling approach, the authors conducted comprehensive oral examinations and psychosocial assessments for 571 study participants who used meth. Three calibrated dentists, who used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) protocols, characterized the study participants' dental disease. The authors also collected data related to study participants' history of meth use and other attributes linked to dental disease. RESULTS Study participants who used meth manifested higher rates of xerostomia and caries experience compared with NHANES control participants. Participants who used meth had a higher level of daily consumption of sugary beverages compared with NHANES control participants. Smoking meth did not increase caries experience over other modes of intake. Dental hygiene was a significant determinant of dental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Mode of intake and frequency of meth use have a minimal impact on dental health outcomes. Behaviors, such as sugary beverage consumption and poor oral hygiene, better explain dental health outcomes. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Having a better understanding of the causal mechanisms of "meth mouth" sets the stage for clinicians to provide more personalized interventions and management of dental disease in people who use meth.
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Wang Q, Wei LW, Xiao HQ, Xue Y, Du SH, Liu YG, Xie XL. Methamphetamine induces hepatotoxicity via inhibiting cell division, arresting cell cycle and activating apoptosis: In vivo and in vitro studies. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:61-72. [PMID: 28341135 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) resulted in acute hepatic injury. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. In the present study, rats were treated with METH (15 mg/kg B.W.) for 8 injections (i.p.), and the levels of alanine transaminase, asparatate transaminase and ammonia in serum were significantly elevated over those in the control group, suggesting hepatic injury, which was evidenced by histopathological observation. Analysis of the liver tissues with microarray revealed differential expressions of a total of 332 genes in METH-treated rats. According to the GO and KEGG annotations, a large number of down-regulated cell cycle genes were screened out, suggesting that METH induced cell cycle arrest and deficient of cell cycle checkpoint. Related genes and proteins were confirmed by RT-qPCR and western blotting in rat livers, respectively. Moreover, treatment of Brl-3A cells with METH caused significant cytotoxic response and marked cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, overexpressions of Cidea, cleaved caspase 3 and PARP 1 in METH-treated rats indicated activation of apoptosis, while its inhibition alleviated cell death in Brl-3A cells, suggesting that activation of apoptosis took an important role in METH-induced hepatotoxicity. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that METH induced hepatotoxicity via inducing cell cycle arrest and activating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Wen Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Qin Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, 510630 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Xue
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Hao Du
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Gang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China.
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Nishi M, Harding M, Kelleher V, Whelton H, Allen F. Knowledge of caries risk factors/indicators among Japanese and Irish adult patients with different socio-economic profiles: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:55. [PMID: 28209191 PMCID: PMC5314636 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A previous study has shown deficient knowledge of caries risk factors/indicators in a Japanese adult population regarded to have a high interest in preventive dentistry. No prior research has investigated caries risk knowledge in an Irish adult population. We hypothesise there may be unexpected differences or similarities in knowledge across countries with similar levels of economic development when comparing groups with different socio-economic and cultural profiles. Understanding what influences knowledge is important for the development of effective and efficient caries prevention strategies. The current paper aims to describe the knowledge of caries risk factors/indicators in two groups with different socio-economic profiles from two culturally distinct countries. Methods Cross-sectional surveys of adult dental patients were carried out in Japan and in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) using similar self-administered paper questionnaires. Patients were asked to identify caries risk factors/indicators from eight (Japan) or ten (RoI) listed items. The Japanese study involved 482 patients (aged ≥20 years) from 52 dental members of a nationwide web-based initiative Promoting Scientific Assessment in Prevention of Tooth Decay and Gum Disease (PSAP). The Irish study involved 159 patients (aged 20–69 years) accessing state-provided (‘medical card’) dental services from eight dental practices in County Cork. The two samples were compared. Results A higher proportion of Irish respondents identified ‘Not visiting the dentist for check-up and cleaning’ (OR 2.655; 99% CI 1.550, 4.547) and ‘Not using fluoride’ (OR 1.714; 99% CI 1.049, 2.802) than did Japanese respondents. A lower proportion of Irish respondents identified ‘A reduced amount of saliva’ (OR 0.262; 99% CI 0.159, 0.433) than Japanese respondents. Similarly shown in both studies were a persistent belief that ‘Not brushing teeth properly’ is a caries risk factor and a lack of knowledge on saliva buffering capacity as a caries risk factor. Conclusions Deficiencies in knowledge which should be addressed: among the Japanese group, of dental check-up/cleaning visits and of fluoride use for caries prevention; among the Irish group, of saliva quantity as a caries risk factor. In addition, in both groups, we need to inform patients of the defensive role of saliva. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-017-0345-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Nishi
- Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Máiréad Harding
- Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Virginia Kelleher
- Oral Health Services Research Centre, University College Cork, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Helen Whelton
- The School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Finbarr Allen
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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Sheridan J, Adams P, Bullen C, Newcombe D. An evaluation of a harm reduction Summer School for undergraduate health professional students. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2016.1262824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janie Sheridan
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Addiction Research,
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences,
| | - Peter Adams
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Addiction Research,
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, and
| | - Chris Bullen
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Addiction Research,
- National Institute for Health Innovation, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Newcombe
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Addiction Research,
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, and
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Smit DA, Naidoo S. Oral health effects, brushing habits and management of methamphetamine users for the general dental practitioner. Br Dent J 2016; 218:531-6. [PMID: 25952435 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine is a synthetic drug commonly abused in South Africa and is highly addictive. Users have a higher prevalence of dental caries compared to non-users and the classical caries pattern found in methamphetamine users is termed 'meth mouth'. The increased consumption of soft drinks and the absence of saliva are the main risk factors for 'meth mouth'. AIM To determine the oral health status of individuals using methamphetamine. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 308 self-reported methamphetamine users at 22 specialised substance addiction treatment centres in the Western Cape, South Africa. RESULTS There was a significant difference in tooth brushing frequency when using methamphetamine (p = 0.0000022; χ(2) = 23.84; OR = 3.25). The mean decayed, missing and filled teeth score was ten and there was an association between the mean number of decayed teeth and the duration of drug addiction (p = 0.0071; χ(2) = 12.07). Users who were using methamphetamine for less than four years had fewer missing teeth compared to those who were using methamphetamine for more than four years. CONCLUSIONS When methamphetamine abuse is detected, the dentist can play a key role in early management of drug addiction by referring the patient to specialised substance addiction treatment centres. In addition, by restoring the dental appearance, users may regain their self-esteem and improve their oral health quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Smit
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - S Naidoo
- Senior Professor and Principal Specialist, Department of Community Oral Health, University of the Western Cape, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
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Bertazzo-Silveira E, Kruger CM, Porto De Toledo I, Porporatti AL, Dick B, Flores-Mir C, De Luca Canto G. Association between sleep bruxism and alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, and drug abuse. J Am Dent Assoc 2016; 147:859-866.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zanatta RF, Esper MÂLR, Valera MC, Melo RM, Bresciani E. Harmful Effect of Beer on Bovine Enamel Microhardness - In Vitro Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163440. [PMID: 27760132 PMCID: PMC5070818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of beers on the bovine enamel microhardness. Fifty rectangular (1 x 3 x 1 mm–height x width x thickness) enamel specimens were obtained from permanent bovine incisors, and divided into five groups (n = 10) according to the treatment employed: Saliva, Coke, Brahma, Heineken, and Budweiser. Microhardness (Knoop) were obtained before; after 5, 30 and 60 min of immersion in each solution. The data were analyzed using repeated two-way ANOVA and Tukey´s test (p<0.05). Coke decreased the microhardness in all immersion times, and Heineken, showed low values after 60 minutes. Beers tested have low potential to cause enamel erosion when compared to Coke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University—UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Ângela Lacerda Rangel Esper
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University—UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Carneiro Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University—UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Marques Melo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University—UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bresciani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University—UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Baracz SJ, Cornish JL. The neurocircuitry involved in oxytocin modulation of methamphetamine addiction. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 43:1-18. [PMID: 27546878 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of oxytocin in attenuating the abuse of licit and illicit drugs, including the psychostimulant methamphetamine, has been examined with increased ferocity in recent years. This is largely driven by the potential application of oxytocin as a pharmacotherapy. However, the neural mechanisms by which oxytocin modulates methamphetamine abuse are not well understood. Recent research identified an important role for the accumbens core and subthalamic nucleus in this process, which likely involves an interaction with dopamine, glutamate, GABA, and vasopressin. In addition to providing an overview of methamphetamine, the endogenous oxytocin system, and the effects of exogenous oxytocin on drug abuse, we propose a neural circuit through which exogenous oxytocin modulates methamphetamine abuse, focusing on its interaction with neurochemicals within the accumbens core and subthalamic nucleus. A growing understanding of exogenous oxytocin effects at a neurochemical and neurobiological level will assist in its evaluation as a pharmacotherapy for drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Baracz
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Jennifer L Cornish
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Sympathomimetic effects of chronic methamphetamine abuse on oral health: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:59. [PMID: 27388625 PMCID: PMC4937577 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methamphetamine, a highly addictive sympathomimetic stimulant, is currently widely abused worldwide and has been associated with devastating effects on oral health, resulting in the term “meth mouth”. However, “meth mouth” pathology is primarily based on case reports with a lack of systematic clinical evaluation. Therefore, we have conducted a systematic study to investigate (1) the pharmacological impact of methamphetamine on oral health with regard to saliva function, including the parameters saliva flow rate and total saliva production (ml/5 min) and the buffering capacity of saliva; (2) the contribution of the symptoms of bruxism and muscle trismus to potential oral health damage. Methods We assessed the data of 100 chronic methamphetamine abusers and 100 matched-pair comparison participants. Primarily, we conducted an anamnesis with all methamphetamine abusers with regard to saliva dysfunctions, jaw clenching and pain in the temporomandibular joint. Subsequently, in the first part of the clinical enquiry, we tested the saliva flow rate and the total saliva production (ml/5 min) by using the sialometry method and the buffer capacity of saliva by determining the pH-value. In the second part of the clinical enquiry, we evaluated bruxism symptoms with respect to generalized tooth attrition, dentine exposure and visible enamel cracks and examined a potential muscle trismus by measuring the maximal opening of the mouth. Results The majority of methamphetamine abusers reported a dry mouth (72 %) and jaw clenching (68 %). Almost half of all methamphetamine abusers experienced pain in the temporomandibular joint (47 %). With regard to the clinical findings, methamphetamine abusers showed significantly lower total saliva production (ml/5 min) (p < 0.001), lower pH-values of their saliva (p < 0.001) and more bruxism symptoms (p < 0.001). However, we found no relevant trismus symptoms on comparing the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions The sympathomimetic effects of chronic methamphetamine abuse may lead to dry mouth and extensive bruxism and therefore can increase the risk for caries decay, periodontal lesions and tooth wear. Furthermore, a significant decline of saliva buffer capacity in methamphetamine abusers may trigger the risk for dental erosions. Methamphetamine abusers and practitioners should be aware of these symptoms.
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Xue L, Geng Y, Li M, Jin YF, Ren HX, Li X, Wu F, Wang B, Cheng WY, Chen T, Chen YJ. The effects of D3R on TLR4 signaling involved in the regulation of METH-mediated mast cells activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:187-198. [PMID: 27156126 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating studies have revealed that the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) plays an important role in methamphetamine (METH) addiction. However, the action of D3R on METH-mediated immune response and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Mast cells (MCs) are currently identified as effector cells in many processes of immune responses, and MC activation is induced by various stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, CD117 and FcεRI are known as MC markers due to their specific expression in MCs. To investigate the effects of D3R on METH-mediated alteration of LPS-induced MCs activation and the underlying mechanism, in this study, we examined the expression of CD117 and FcεRI in the intestines of wild-type (D3R(+/+)) and D3R-deficient (D3R(-/-)) mice. We also measured the production of MC-derived cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, IL-13 and CCL-5, in the bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) of WT and D3R(-/-) mice. Furthermore, we explored the effects of D3R on METH-mediated TLR4 and downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling induced by LPS in mouse BMMCs. We found that METH suppressed MC activation induced by LPS in the intestines of D3R(+/)mice. In contrast, LPS-induced MC activation was less affected by METH in D3R(-/-) mice. Furthermore, METH altered LPS-induced cytokine production in BMMCs of D3R(+/+) mice but not D3R(-/-) mice. D3R was also involved in METH-mediated modulation of LPS-induced expression of TLR4 and downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling molecules in mouse BMMCs. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the effect of D3R on TLR4 signaling may be implicated in the regulation of METH-mediated MCs activation induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xue
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 71004, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 71004, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yao-Feng Jin
- Pathology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Hui-Xun Ren
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xia Li
- VIP Internal Medicine Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Graduate Teaching and Experiment Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wei-Ying Cheng
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Forensic Medicine College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yan-Jiong Chen
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Abstract
Mental illness is a major health issue in the world today, yet often remains misunderstood, unrecognized, and undertreated. Patients suffering from severe psychiatric disorders generally display poor oral health, often as a consequence of both lifestyle and avoidant-type behaviors that become exacerbated by their illness. Individuals with severe mental illness display a greater incidence of oral disease compared with a similar demographic not dealing with these particular disorders. Efforts to enhance the oral health of these vulnerable patients will play a significant role in the overall rebuilding of their self-esteem and contribute positively to their journey toward stability and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Clark
- Dental Services, Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, 700 Gordon Street, Whitby, Ontario L1N 5S9, Canada.
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43
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Son JS, Jeong YC, Kwon YB. Regulatory effect of bee venom on methamphetamine-induced cellular activities in prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:48-52. [PMID: 25744457 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that subcutaneous injection of bee venom (BV) into the Zusanli (ST36) acupuncture point, namely BV acupuncture, dose-dependently prevents conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by repeated injection of methamphetamine (METH) in mice. To expand on our observations, the present study was designed to determine the suppressive mechanisms of BV acupuncture in the development of METH-induced CPP by evaluating the changes in expression of ΔFosB, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK), and phosphorylated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (pCaMKII) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in mice. Pre-emptive treatment with BV at 30 min before repeated METH injection completely suppressed acquisition of CPP at the day 7 test session. METH-induced upregulation of ΔFosB and pERK in PFC and NAc was significantly reduced by BV pretreatment. Expression of pCaMKII was significantly elevated by METH in NAc and reduced in PFC. BV pretreatment reversed the changes of pCaMKII expression in PFC and NAc. These findings suggest that BV acupuncture may exert a suppressive effect on METH-induced addiction via regulation of signaling cascades of ΔFosB, ERK, and CaMKII in PFC and NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Seon Son
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School
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44
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Rommel N, Rohleder NH, Wagenpfeil S, Haertel-Petri R, Kesting MR. Evaluation of methamphetamine-associated socioeconomic status and addictive behaviors, and their impact on oral health. Addict Behav 2015; 50:182-7. [PMID: 26151583 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic methamphetamine abuse can lead to multiple health hazards. In particular, the substance is associated with devastating effects on oral health including symptoms such as rampant caries, gingiva inflammation, and xerostomia, whereby the term "Meth Mouth" occurs in the current literature. However, "Meth Mouth" pathology is primarily described on the basis of individual cases or has been evaluated without consideration of the mass of potential influencing factors. Therefore, we have conducted a systematic study to investigate the effects of accompanying factors and circumstances on oral health in cases of chronic methamphetamine abuse. METHODS In cooperation with two centers for addiction medicine, we assessed the data of 100 chronic methamphetamine users and 100 matched-pair controls between March 2012 and November 2013. We investigated their socioeconomic status, details of methamphetamine consumption behavior, collateral consumption of sugar beverages, nicotine alcohol, and other addictive substances including cannabis, opioids, other stimulants, and hallucinogens, and dental care. RESULTS We found considerably greater unstable social circumstances, a high collateral consumption of substances with pathogenic potential for the stomatognathic system, and significantly poorer dental care in the methamphetamine-user group. CONCLUSIONS Various factors have to be considered with regard to methamphetamine use and its influence on oral health. These factors can trigger potential damage by the drug methamphetamine possibly leading to the symptoms of "Meth Mouth", and should be considered in prevention and therapy strategies.
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45
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Parish CL, Pereyra MR, Pollack HA, Cardenas G, Castellon PC, Abel SN, Singer R, Metsch LR. Screening for substance misuse in the dental care setting: findings from a nationally representative survey of dentists. Addiction 2015; 110:1516-23. [PMID: 26032243 PMCID: PMC4521977 DOI: 10.1111/add.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The dental setting is a potentially valuable venue for screening for substance misuse. Therefore, we assessed dentists' inquiry of substance misuse through their patient medical history forms and their agreement with the compatibility of screening as part of the dentists' professional role. DESIGN A nationally representative survey of general dentists using a sampling frame obtained from the American Dental Association Survey Center (November 2010-November 2011). SETTING United States of America. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1802 general dentists. MEASUREMENTS A 38-item survey instrument assessing the relationship between dentists' practice, knowledge, behaviors and attitudes with their query about substance misuse and their belief that such screening is part of their professional role. FINDINGS Dentists who accepted substance misuse screening as part of their professional role were more likely to query about misuse with their patients (85.8%) compared with those who did not accept such screening as part of their role (68.2%) (P < 0.001). Prior experience and knowledge about substance misuse were the strongest predictors of dentists' inquiry about patient substance use/misuse and acceptance of screening as part of their role in their clinical practice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION While more than three-quarters of US dentists report that they ask their patients about substance misuse, two-thirds do not agree that such screening is compatible with their professional role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrigan L. Parish
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public
Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032,Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine,
University of Miami, 1120 NW 14 Street, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Margaret R. Pereyra
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public
Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032,Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine,
University of Miami, 1120 NW 14 Street, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Harold A. Pollack
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago,
900 East 60 Street, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Gabriel Cardenas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine,
University of Miami, 1120 NW 14 Street, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Pedro C. Castellon
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public
Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032,Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine,
University of Miami, 1120 NW 14 Street, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Stephen N. Abel
- School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 250 Squire
Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214,College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200
South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328
| | - Richard Singer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine,
University of Miami, 1120 NW 14 Street, Miami, FL 33136,College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200
South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328
| | - Lisa R. Metsch
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public
Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032,Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine,
University of Miami, 1120 NW 14 Street, Miami, FL 33136
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46
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Rommel N, Rohleder NH, Wagenpfeil S, Härtel-Petri R, Jacob F, Wolff KD, Kesting MR. The impact of the new scene drug "crystal meth" on oral health: a case-control study. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:469-75. [PMID: 26174081 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of methamphetamine (MA), a highly addictive stimulant, is rapidly increasing, with MA being widely abused as the scene drug "Crystal Meth" (CM). CM has been associated with severe oral health effects, resulting in so-called "Meth mouth". This term appeared for the first time in 2005 in the literature and describes the final complex of symptoms including rampant caries, periodontal diseases and excessive tooth wear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic CM abuse on teeth and intraoral tissue with respect to potential symptoms of Meth mouth. MATERIALS AND METHODS In cooperation with two centres for addiction medicine, we performed clinical intraoral investigations in 100 chronic CM users and 100 matched-pair controls. We undertook a caries and periodontal examination by using the clinical parameters DMF-T/DMF-S, bleeding on probing index (BOP) and periodontal screening index (PSI) and tested individual oral hygiene by using approximal space plaque index (API). All clinical data were analysed by the t test for independent samples. RESULTS We found significantly larger numbers of caries (p < 0.001) and higher levels of gingival bleeding (p < 0.001) and periodontal disease (p < 0.001) among CM users. Oral hygiene was significantly lower in CM users (p < 0.024). CONCLUSION Chronic CM use can lead to extensive potential damage within the intraoral cavity. When CM is used over a long period of time and in the absence of treatment, clinical symptoms in terms of Meth mouth syndrome cannot be excluded. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Based on our results, we recommend a specific prevention and therapeutic concept including educational campaigns for MA users and specialized dental care for CM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Rommel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Munich University of Technology, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Nils H Rohleder
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Munich University of Technology, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, University of Saarland at Homburg/Saar, Kirrberger Straße 100, D-66424, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Roland Härtel-Petri
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Neurology, Nordring 2, D-954, 44 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Frederic Jacob
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Munich University of Technology, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dietrich Wolff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Munich University of Technology, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco R Kesting
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Munich University of Technology, Ismaninger Str. 22, D-81675, Munich, Germany
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47
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Xue L, Li X, Ren HX, Wu F, Li M, Wang B, Chen FY, Cheng WY, Li JP, Chen YJ, Chen T. The dopamine D3 receptor regulates the effects of methamphetamine on LPS-induced cytokine production in murine mast cells. Immunobiology 2015; 220:744-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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48
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Truong A, Higgs P, Cogger S, Jamieson L, Burns L, Dietze P. Oral health-related quality of life among an Australian sample of people who inject drugs. J Public Health Dent 2015; 75:218-24. [PMID: 25753928 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People who inject drugs (PWID) have poor oral health. However, their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is unknown. Our study was designed to measure the OHRQoL of PWID. METHODS The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was administered to 794 PWID recruited in Australian capital cities as part of the 2013 Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS). Three OHIP-14 summary indicators were examined: "Prevalence" (proportion reporting ≥1 item at least "fairly often"), "severity" (mean total OHIP-14 score), and "extent" (number of impacts reported at least "fairly often"). Associations between "prevalence" and "extent" and variables drawn from the health, drug use, and social domains were investigated. RESULTS All OHIP-14 summary indicators among IDRS participants were significantly higher than in the general Australian population. In multivariate analysis, the "prevalence" indicator was significantly and positively associated with female gender [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.75, 95% CI 1.27-2.38], those born in Australia (AOR = 2, 95% CI 1.25-3.23), not completing Year 10 compared with those who had completed Year 12 or a higher qualification (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.03-2.44), and methadone treatment (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.14-2.29). The "extent" indicator was significantly and positively associated with female gender [adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR) = 1.56, 95% CI 1.19-2.08], unemployment (AIRR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.01-2.44), and having an injecting career of 10-20 years (AIRR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.03-3.01). CONCLUSIONS PWID have poorer OHRQoL than the Australian general population. Poor OHRQoL was particularly common in female PWID and those with longer injecting careers. Interventions to improve the oral health of PWID may improve their OHRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Truong
- Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Higgs
- Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Shelley Cogger
- Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lucinda Burns
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Dietze
- Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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49
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De-Carolis C, Boyd GA, Mancinelli L, Pagano S, Eramo S. Methamphetamine abuse and "meth mouth" in Europe. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015; 20:e205-10. [PMID: 25662544 PMCID: PMC4393984 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With easy chemical synthesis from its precursor, methamphetamine (MA) is now widespread in many countries. The abuse of methamphetamine is associated with several negative effects on health, because MA is a neurotoxin and a dangerous central nervous system stimulant. It changes levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, releasing dopamine and inhibiting nor epinephrine uptake which increases sympathetic nervous system activity and can lead to cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension and tachypnea. The consequences of MA abuse are clearly manifested in oral diseases (like “meth mouth”) which is characterised by extensive caries, teeth grinding with ensuing dental wear and trismus. The present review was designed to fill the gap in knowledge about methamphetamine abuse in the European Union (EU) and to illustrate the main clinical effects of prolonged use. After describing the pharmacology and systemic effects of methamphetamine and concentrating on its effects on the mouth, the present review compares the epidemiology and incidence of abuse in the world, particularly the USA and the EU.
Key words:Methamphetamine, “Meth mouth”, drug abuse, oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo De-Carolis
- School of Dentistry, University of Perugia, Strada vicinale delle corse, 60180 Perugia, Italy,
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50
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Noone J, Critchley E, Cullingham P, Coulthard P, Saksena A. The implications of substance misuse for intravenous conscious sedation practice. Br Dent J 2015; 218:227-30. [PMID: 25720886 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Substance misuse is a major health concern in the United Kingdom, as the consequences for individuals are significant and may include multisystem organ damage. It is important for the dentist to know which patients are misusing substances as some pharmacological agents routinely used in dental practice may be contraindicated. The dentist should be aware of the range of clinical presentations that may arise from substance misuse and when suspected, a thorough drug history must be obtained. Patients may require special consideration and further investigations when planning elective procedures, particularly under intravenous conscious sedation. Therefore, management within a specialist centre and liaison with other health professionals may be indicated to ensure treatment is provided safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Noone
- Dental Core Trainee Year 2 in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Manchester
| | - E Critchley
- Dental Core Trainee Year 2 in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Manchester
| | - P Cullingham
- Specialty Registrar Oral Surgery, University of Manchester
| | - P Coulthard
- Head of School of Dentistry and Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Manchester
| | - A Saksena
- Consultant in Oral Surgery, University Dental Hospital of Manchester
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