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Soysal F, Unsal B, Isler SC, Akca G, Bakirarar B, Ozcan M. Evaluation of salivary stress markers and inflammatory cytokine levels in peri-implantitis patients. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:290. [PMID: 38691206 PMCID: PMC11062951 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Psychological stress has been identified in some observational studies as a potential factor that may modify and affect periodontal diseases, but there are no similar data for peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)α inflammatory cytokines and the psychological stress-related markers, glucocorticoid receptor-α (GRα), and salivary α-amylase (sAA) gene expression levels in saliva samples obtained from healthy implants and peri-implantitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included a total of 50 systemically healthy subjects. Peri-implant clinical parameters were recorded and psychological stress level was evaluated with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) and state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) questionnaire forms. Following the evaluations, the patients were divided into 4 groups according their stress and clinical status (Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb). IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFNα, GRα, sAA gene expression levels in the saliva samples were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS In the group of peri-implantitis who had a high score in stress level assessment scales, significantly higher IL-1β, IL-6, sAA expression levels were observed (p < 0.001). The IL-10 gene expression levels were lower in the groups with a high score in the stress level assessment scales (p < 0.001). GRα gene was expressed at lower levels in the group of peri-implantitis who had a high score in stress level assessment scales but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.065). CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that psychological stress may increase the inflammation associated with peri-implantitis by affecting cytokine expression levels. CLINICAL RELEVANCE To prevent peri-implantitis or reduce its prevalence, it could be beneficial to evaluate stress levels and identify individuals experiencing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Soysal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Berrin Unsal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sila Cagri Isler
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gulcin Akca
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Bakirarar
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozcan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Millen AME, Daniels WMU, Baijnath S. Depression, an unmet health need in Africa: Understanding the promise of ketamine. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28610. [PMID: 38601594 PMCID: PMC11004535 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In Africa, there is currently a paucity of data on the epidemiology of depression, its treatment and management. The prevalence of depression is severely underestimated, with unique circumstances and societal risk factors associated with depression and its public awareness. Treating and managing depression is confounded by an inaccessibility to efficient and low-cost treatments for patients with depression. The aetiology of depression is multifactorial, with various theories implicating multiple neuronal networks. Despite this, the treatment of depression is one-dimensional focussing on outdated theories of depression and mainly targeting dysfunctional neurotransmitter pathways. Hence, it is not surprising that there is a significant increase in the prevalence of patients suffering from treatment resistant depression (TRD), with a large portion of patients deriving little clinical benefit from these traditional anti-depressant therapies. This highlights the need for more effective treatment strategies for depression, especially applicable to resource limited environments such as Africa, where there is little investment in public healthcare resources towards managing mental health disorders. The clinical potential of using ketamine in managing depression has received considerable attention in the past two decades, with the FDA approving esketamine for the management of TRD in 2019. This widespread attention has significantly increased ketamine's appeal as a novel antidepressant. Consequently, many ketamine infusion clinics have been established in Africa. However, there is little regulation or guidance for ketamine infusions. Furthermore, while esketamine is expensive and hence inaccessible to a large portion of the African population, racemic ketamine is significantly cheaper and has demonstrated clinical potential. However, there is currently a limited understanding of the neurological mechanisms of action of racemic ketamine in treating and managing depression, especially in a diverse African population. Therefore, this review aims to provide an African context of depression and the therapeutic potential of ketamine by highlighting aspects of its molecular mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aletta ME. Millen
- Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - William MU. Daniels
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Integrated Molecular Physiology Research Initiative, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Liebert MA, Urlacher SS, Madimenos FC, Gildner TE, Cepon-Robins TJ, Harrington CJ, Bribiescas RG, Sugiyama LS, Snodgrass JJ. Variation in diurnal cortisol patterns among the Indigenous Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24056. [PMID: 38517108 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its primary end product, the glucocorticoid cortisol, are major components of the evolved human stress response. However, most studies have examined these systems among populations in high-income settings, which differ from the high pathogen and limited resource contexts in which the HPA axis functioned for most of human evolution. METHODS We investigated variability in diurnal salivary cortisol patterns among 298 Indigenous Shuar from Amazonian Ecuador (147 males, 151 females; age 2-86 years), focusing on the effects of age, biological sex, and body mass index (BMI) in shaping differences in diurnal cortisol production. Saliva samples were collected three times daily (waking, 30 minutes post-waking, evening) for three consecutive days to measure key cortisol parameters: levels at waking, the cortisol awakening response, the diurnal slope, and total daily output. RESULTS Age was positively associated with waking levels and total daily output, with Shuar juveniles and adolescents displaying significantly lower levels than adults (p < .05). Sex was not a significant predictor of cortisol levels (p > .05), as Shuar males and females displayed similar patterns of diurnal cortisol production across the life course. Moreover, age, sex, and BMI significantly interacted to moderate the rate of diurnal cortisol decline (p = .027). Overall, Shuar demonstrated relatively lower cortisol concentrations than high-income populations. CONCLUSIONS This study expands the documented range of global variation in HPA axis activity and diurnal cortisol production and provides important insights into the plasticity of human stress physiology across diverse developmental and socioecological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Liebert
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Samuel S Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
- Child and Brain Development Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felicia C Madimenos
- Department of Anthropology, Queens College (CUNY), Flushing, New York, USA
- New York Consortium of Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Theresa E Gildner
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tara J Cepon-Robins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Springs, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | | | - J Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Center for Global Health, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Global Station for Indigenous Studies and Cultural Diversity, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Runyan A, Cassani A, Reyna L, Walsh EC, Hoks RM, Birn RM, Abercrombie HC, Philippi CL. Effects of Cortisol Administration on Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Women with Depression. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 337:111760. [PMID: 38039780 PMCID: PMC10843737 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) research has identified several brain networks impacted by depression and cortisol, including default mode (DMN), frontoparietal (FPN), and salience networks (SN). In the present study, we examined the effects of cortisol administration on rsFC of these networks in individuals varying in depression history and severity. We collected resting-state fMRI scans and self-reported depression symptom severity for 74 women with and without a history of depression after cortisol and placebo administration using a double-blind, crossover design. We conducted seed-based rsFC analyses for DMN, FPN, and SN seeds to examine rsFC changes after cortisol vs. placebo administration in relation to depression history group and severity. Results revealed a main effect of depression group, with lower left amygdala (SN)-middle temporal gyrus connectivity in women with a history of depression. Cortisol administration increased insula (SN)-inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus connectivity. We also found that greater depression severity was associated with increased PCC (DMN)-cerebellum connectivity after cortisol. These results did not survive Bonferroni correction for seed ROIs and should be interpreted with caution. Our findings indicate that acute cortisol elevation may normalize aberrant connectivity of DMN and SN regions, which could help inform clinical treatments for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Runyan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Central Missouri, 116 West S. St., Warrensburg, MO 64093, USA
| | - Alexis Cassani
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri, MO 63121, USA
| | - Leah Reyna
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri, MO 63121, USA
| | - Erin C Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, CB# 7167, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Roxanne M Hoks
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625W. Washington Ave., Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Rasmus M Birn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, Wisconsin, 53719, USA
| | - Heather C Abercrombie
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 625W. Washington Ave., Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Carissa L Philippi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri, MO 63121, USA.
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Monga N, Sharma S, Bhatia R, Bishnoi M, Kiran Kondepudi K, Naura AS. Immunomodulatory action of synbiotic comprising of newly isolated lactic acid producing bacterial strains against allergic asthma in mice. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104786. [PMID: 37984277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Given the reported role of gut-microbiota in asthma pathogenesis, the present work was carried to evaluate immunomodulatory action of newly isolated lactic acid producing bacterial strains Bifidobacterium breve Bif11 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LAB31 against asthma using ovalbumin (OVA) based mouse model. Our results show that both strains modulate Th2 immune response potentially through production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), resulting in suppression of OVA-induced airway inflammation. Furthermore, synbiotic comprising of both strains and prebiotic, Isomaltooligosaccharide exhibited superior potential in amelioration of OVA-induced airway inflammation through improved modulation of Th2 immune response. Further, synbiotic protects against OVA-induced mucus hyper-production and airway-hyperresponsiveness. Such protection was associated with normalization of gut microbiome and enhanced production of SCFAs in cecum which correlates closely with population of T-regulatory cells in spleen. Overall, our novel synbiotic possesses the ability to fine-tune the immune response for providing protection against allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Monga
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ruchika Bhatia
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Adjunct Faculty, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Adjunct Faculty, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India.
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Vu T, Smith JA. The pathophysiology and management of depression in cardiac surgery patients. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1195028. [PMID: 37928924 PMCID: PMC10623009 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1195028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is common in the cardiac surgery population. This contemporary narrative review aims to explore the main pathophysiological disturbances underpinning depression specifically within the cardiac surgery population. The common non-pharmacological and pharmacological management strategies used to manage depression within the cardiac surgery patient population are also explored. Methods A total of 1291 articles were identified through Ovid Medline and Embase. The findings from 39 studies were included for qualitative analysis in this narrative review. Results Depression is associated with several pathophysiological and behavioral factors which increase the likelihood of developing coronary heart disease which may ultimately require surgical intervention. The main pathophysiological factors contributing to depression are well characterized and include autonomic nervous system dysregulation, excessive inflammation and disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. There are also several behavioral factors in depressed patients associated with the development of coronary heart disease including poor diet, insufficient exercise, poor compliance with medications and reduced adherence to cardiac rehabilitation. The common preventative and management modalities used for depression following cardiac surgery include preoperative and peri-operative education, cardiac rehabilitation, cognitive behavioral therapy, religion/prayer/spirituality, biobehavioral feedback, anti-depressant medications, and statins. Conclusion This contemporary review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to depression following cardiac surgery and the current management modalities. Further studies on the preventative and management strategies for postoperative depression in the cardiac surgery patient population are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Vu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian A. Smith
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Ballestar-Tarín ML, Ibáñez-del Valle V, Mafla-España MA, Cauli O, Navarro-Martínez R. Increased Salivary IL-1 Beta Level Is Associated with Poor Sleep Quality in University Students. Diseases 2023; 11:136. [PMID: 37873780 PMCID: PMC10594478 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep quality is a major public health concern for all ages. In particular, university students often face stress levels and changes in social life habits that negatively influence their quality of sleep. This could be associated with psychological well-being in terms of anxiety and depressive symptoms, stress levels, and a poor self-perceived health status. The increases in the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), in blood have been linked to poor sleep quality in many diseases, but data on salivary cytokine levels in students are missing or are seldom analyzed. In this study we determined the quality of sleep in a sample of university students and the role of psychological assessment and factors affecting sleep (alcohol intake, tobacco, consumption of stimulant drinks, exercise, and body mass index). We also aimed to shed new light on the associations between sleep quality and salivary inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα). Sleep quality was measured with the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Perceived stress was assessed using Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADS) was used to assess the level of anxiety or depression. Perceived health status was measured with a visual analogue. Saliva samples was taken in the morning and the inflammatory cytokines was measured via enzyme-linked immunoassay. There was a direct and significant association between the salivary IL-1β concentration and AIS score (r = 0.248; p = 0.038, Pearson correlation) and Pittsburgh scale score (r = 0.274; p = 0.022, Pearson correlation). The relationship between IL-1β and AIS controlling for sex, age, and chronic disease, is still significant (r = 0.260; p = 0.033). The relationship between IL-1β and PSQI controlling for the influence of these variables is also significant (r = 0.279; p = 0.022). Salivary IL-1β concentrations were not significantly associated with any of the scores of the other psychological assessments (PSS, anxiety, depression symptoms, or self-perceived health). Salivary TNFα was significantly and inversely associated with self-perceived health (r = -0.259; p = 0.033, Pearson correlation), but the salivary IL-6 concentration was not associated with any of the sleep quality scale or psychological assessment scores. Our results provide a novel relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in saliva and poor sleep quality. However, the role of inflammation in poor sleep quality requires further study to identify strategies that could lower inflammation and thus, likely improve sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Ballestar-Tarín
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.L.B.-T.); (V.I.-d.V.); (M.A.M.-E.); (R.N.-M.)
- Nursing Care and Education Research Group (GRIECE), GIUV2019-456, Nursing Department, Universitat de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Ibáñez-del Valle
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.L.B.-T.); (V.I.-d.V.); (M.A.M.-E.); (R.N.-M.)
- Frailty Research Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mayra Alejandra Mafla-España
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.L.B.-T.); (V.I.-d.V.); (M.A.M.-E.); (R.N.-M.)
| | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.L.B.-T.); (V.I.-d.V.); (M.A.M.-E.); (R.N.-M.)
- Frailty Research Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rut Navarro-Martínez
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.L.B.-T.); (V.I.-d.V.); (M.A.M.-E.); (R.N.-M.)
- Frailty Research Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Hematology, University General Hospital, 46014 Valencia, Spain
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Grigorescu C, Chalah MA, Ayache SS, Palm U. [Alexithymia in Multiple Sclerosis - Narrative Review]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2023; 91:404-413. [PMID: 35948023 DOI: 10.1055/a-1882-6544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alexithymia is a multidimensional construct of personality implicating difficulties in identifying and describing another's feelings, and externally oriented thinking. It is broadly reported in psychiatric patients but has gained little attention regarding its occurrence and pathophysiology in multiple sclerosis (MS). This narrative review aims to address prevalence, etiology, neurobiological, and clinical findings of alexithymia. The prevalence of alexithymia in MS ranges from 10 to 53%. There seems to be an association with anxiety, depression, fatigue, and some aspects of social cognition, while the relationship with clinical and classical cognitive variables was rarely evaluated. Only a few studies referred to its pathophysiology assuming an aberrant interhemispheric transfer or regional cerebral abnormalities. The prevalence of alexithymia in MS and the potential negative impact on quality of life and interpersonal communication could severely impact clinical MS management and a screnning for these factors should be mandatory. Thus, further evaluation is needed concerning its relationship with clinical, emotional, and cognitive confounders. Large-scale studies employing neuroimaging techniques are needed for a better understanding of the neural underpinnings of this MS feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Grigorescu
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München, München
| | - Moussa A Chalah
- EA 4391, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
- Service de Physiologie - Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Samar S Ayache
- EA 4391, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
- Service de Physiologie - Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Ulrich Palm
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München, München
- Medical Park Chiemseeblick, Bernau a. Chiemsee
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Ju LS, Morey TE, Seubert CN, Martynyuk AE. Intergenerational Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040567. [PMID: 37106766 PMCID: PMC10135810 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated neurocognitive decline after general anesthesia/surgery, also known as perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND), is a widely recognized public health problem that may affect millions of patients each year. Advanced age, with its increasing prevalence of heightened stress, inflammation, and neurodegenerative alterations, is a consistent contributing factor to the development of PND. Although a strong homeostatic reserve in young adults makes them more resilient to PND, animal data suggest that young adults with pathophysiological conditions characterized by excessive stress and inflammation may be vulnerable to PND, and this altered phenotype may be passed to future offspring (intergenerational PND). The purpose of this narrative review of data in the literature and the authors' own experimental findings in rodents is to draw attention to the possibility of intergenerational PND, a new phenomenon which, if confirmed in humans, may unravel a big new population that may be affected by parental PND. In particular, we discuss the roles of stress, inflammation, and epigenetic alterations in the development of PND. We also discuss experimental findings that demonstrate the effects of surgery, traumatic brain injury, and the general anesthetic sevoflurane that interact to induce persistent dysregulation of the stress response system, inflammation markers, and behavior in young adult male rats and in their future offspring who have neither trauma nor anesthetic exposure (i.e., an animal model of intergenerational PND).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Sha Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100254, JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Timothy E Morey
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100254, JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christoph N Seubert
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100254, JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Anatoly E Martynyuk
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100254, JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Househam AM. Effects of stress and mindfulness on epigenetics. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 122:283-306. [PMID: 36863798 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics are heritable changes in the rate of gene expression without any modification of the DNA sequence and occur in response to environmental changes. Tangible changes to the external surroundings may be practical causes for epigenetic modifications, playing a potential evolutionary role. While fight, flight, or freeze responses once served a concrete role in survival, modern humans may not face similar existential threats that warrant psychological stress. Yet, chronic mental stress is predominant in modern life. This chapter elucidates the deleterious epigenetic changes that occur due to chronic stress. In an exploration of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) as a potential antidote to such stress-induced epigenetic modifications, several pathways of action are uncovered. The epigenetic changes that occur because of mindfulness practice are demonstrated across the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, serotonergic transmission, genomic health and aging, and neurological biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Mukerji Househam
- Department of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States.
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11
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Ren SY, Sun ZL, Yang J. The use of biochemical indexes in hair for clinical studies of psychiatric diseases: What can we learn about mental disease from hair? J Psychiatr Res 2023; 158:305-313. [PMID: 36628872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of hair samples provides unique advantages, including non-invasive sampling, sample stability, and the possibility of additional optimization of high sensitivity detection methods. Hair sample analysis is often used in psychiatric disease research to evaluate previous periods of stress encountered by patients. Glucocorticoid analysis is the most frequently tested indicator of stress. Furthermore, the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and endocannabinoid system also are involved in the occurrence and development of mental disorders. The endocannabinoid and sex hormone levels in patients experiencing mental illness are considerably different from levels observed in healthy individuals. Nevertheless, due to the different methods used to assess the degree of disease and the range of analytical methods involved in clinical research, the trends in changes for these biomarkers are not uniform. The correlations between changes in biomarker concentrations and illness severity also are not clear. The observed alterations suggest these biochemical substances in hair have potential as biomarkers for diagnosis or predictive treatment. However, the variable results obtained thus far could hamper further development of hair samples for clinical assessment in psychiatric disorders. This article summarizes the published reports documenting the changes in the content of relevant substances in hair in individuals experiencing mental illness and the degree of correlation. In the discussion section, we proposed several issues that should be considered in future studies of hair samples obtained from patients with mental disorders to promote the use of hair sample assessment as an aid in diagnosis or predictive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Ren
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuo-Li Sun
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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12
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CHIBA S, NUMAKAWA T, MURATA T, KAWAMINAMI M, HIMI T. Enhanced social reward response and anxiety-like behavior with downregulation of nucleus accumbens glucocorticoid receptor in BALB/c mice. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:30-39. [PMID: 36403974 PMCID: PMC9887208 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Social anhedonia is a psychological state with difficulty in experiencing pleasure from social interactions and is observed in various diseases, such as depressive disorders. Although the relationships between social reward responses and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors have remained unclear, a social reward conditioned place preference (SCPP) test can be used to analyze the rewarding nature of social interactions. To elucidate these relationships, we used 5-week-old male mice of AKR, BALB/c, and C57BL/6J strains and conducted behavioral tests in the following order: elevated plus-maze test (EPM), open field test (OFT), SCPP, saccharin preference test (SPT), and passive avoidance test. The nucleus accumbens of these mice were collected 24 hr after these behavioral tests and were used for western blotting to determine the levels of receptors for brain-derived neurotrophic factors and glucocorticoids. BALB/c mice displayed the highest levels of anxiety-like behavior in EPM and OFT as well as physical anhedonia-like behaviors in SPT. They also showed increased responses to social rewards and huddling behaviors in SCPP, with downregulated glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Regression analysis results revealed positive influences of anxiety- and physical anhedonia-like behaviors and expressions of GR on social reward responses. Collectively, temperament associated with anxiety and physical anhedonia may affect social reward responses, which possibly is influenced by the expression of GR that can modify these psychological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi CHIBA
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tadahiro NUMAKAWA
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya MURATA
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
| | | | - Toshiyuki HIMI
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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The food preservative sodium propionate induces hyperglycaemic state and neurological disorder in zebrafish. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 93:107123. [PMID: 36150581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Propionate is an effective mould inhibitor widely used as a food preservative. In this study, we used zebrafish to explore the adverse effects of long-term exposure to low concentrations of sodium propionate and the underlying molecular mechanisms (from larvae to adult). When exposed for 3 months, we found that blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels increased, and zebrafish developed a hyperglycaemic state. New tank test results showed depression in zebrafish reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the brain and damaged the dopamine system. At the same time, the results of the color preference test showed that zebrafish had cognitive impairments. In addition, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis analysis revealed abnormal gene expression, increased cortisol levels, and reduced glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels, which were consistent with depressive behavior. We also observed abnormal transcription of inflammatory and apoptotic factors. Overall, we found that chronic exposure to sodium propionate induces depressive symptoms. This may be related to the activation of the HPA axis by the hyperglycaemic state, thereby inducing inflammation and disrupting the dopaminergic system. In summary, this study provides theoretical and technical support for the overlap of the emotional pathogenesis associated with diabetes.
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14
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Ford SH, Hodges EA, Thoyre S, Baker M, Bartlett TR. Model Integration: Can Understanding Biopsychosocial Gut-Brain Axis Mechanistic Pathways Improve our Clinical Reasoning in Primary Care? J Nurse Pract 2021; 17:1208-1213. [PMID: 34899098 DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Most NPs practice in primary care settings. Cognitive tools to inform and advance NP understanding of biopsychosocial mechanisms can support early recognition, interdisciplinary collaboration, interventions, and prevention of negative outcomes. Theory and Methods We describe the development of a model to support NP consideration of gut-brain axis (GBA) evidence-based pathways, contributing variables, and related health outcomes. Results The model's outcomes are factors associated with homeostasis or disruption of biological, psychological, and social systems. Discussion/conclusion This cognitive tool aims to support NP awareness of multi-domain GBA relationships to consider with differential diagnoses and clinical treatment of the "whole body system".
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon H Ford
- UNCG School of Nursing, 237 McIver Street, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Eric A Hodges
- UNC School of Nursing, Carrington Hall CB#7460, Chapel Hill 27516
| | - Suzanne Thoyre
- UNC School of Nursing, Carrington Hall CB#7460, Chapel Hill 27516
| | - Maureen Baker
- UNC School of Nursing, Carrington Hall CB#7460, Chapel Hill 27516
| | - T Robin Bartlett
- The University of Alabama Capstone College of Nursing, Box 870358, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487
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15
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Larson S, Arrazola A, Parra R, Morrissey K, Faulkner T, Jafarikia M, Mandell I, Bergeron R, Lu R. Genetic variation in LUMAN/CREB3 and association with stress and meat quality traits in Yorkshire pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
LUMAN/CREB3 is a stress regulatory gene that affects the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in mice and presents a promising avenue for exploring variable stress-responsiveness in pigs. Pigs with similar characteristics to LUMAN-deficient mice, including greater resilience to stress and receptivity to human handling, would be valuable in the pork industry from animal welfare and production efficiency perspectives. We previously identified eight genetic variations and five haplotypes throughout the LUMAN locus in Yorkshire pigs. In this study, we analysed associations between LUMAN variations with behavioural stress response during three tests (open field test, novel object test, and human approach test), physiological stress responsiveness (cortisol), and carcass/meat quality measurements from purebred Yorkshire pigs. Haplotypes A1 and A2 were associated with decreased activity levels in novel environments and greater plasma cortisol concentrations at slaughter. Haplotype A1 was associated with lower carcass scratch scores and meat with lower cooking losses and greater tenderness. Haplotypes B1 and B2 were associated with the opposite traits including increased activity levels in novel environments and characteristics for lower meat quality including greater cooking losses, lower marbling, and paler coloured meat. We conclude that DNA variations in the LUMAN locus could potentially be used as genetic markers for stress resistance and meat quality in pig breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayla Larson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Aitor Arrazola
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Parra
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Krysta Morrissey
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tess Faulkner
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mohsen Jafarikia
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement Inc., Central Experimental Farm, Building #75, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Ira Mandell
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Renée Bergeron
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ray Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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16
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Vassiliadi DA, Vassiliou AG, Ilias I, Tsagarakis S, Kotanidou A, Dimopoulou I. Pituitary-Adrenal Responses and Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11473. [PMID: 34768903 PMCID: PMC8584241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis was described as the principal component of the stress response 85 years ago, along with the acute-phase reaction, and the defense response at the tissue level. The orchestration of these processes is essential since systemic inflammation is a double-edged sword; whereas inflammation that is timely and of appropriate magnitude is beneficial, exuberant systemic inflammation incites tissue damage with potentially devastating consequences. Apart from its beneficial cardiovascular and metabolic effects, cortisol exerts a significant immunoregulatory role, a major attribute being that it restrains the excessive inflammatory reaction, thereby preventing unwanted tissue damage. In this review, we will discuss the role of the HPA axis in the normal stress response and in critical illness, especially in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Finally, a chapter will be dedicated to the findings from clinical studies in critical illness and COVID-19 on the expression of the mediator of glucocorticoid actions, the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra A. Vassiliadi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, National Expertise Centre for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (D.A.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Alice G. Vassiliou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (A.G.V.); (A.K.)
| | - Ioannis Ilias
- Department of Endocrinology, Helena Venizelos Hospital, 115 21 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stylianos Tsagarakis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, National Expertise Centre for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (D.A.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (A.G.V.); (A.K.)
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (A.G.V.); (A.K.)
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17
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Abdelzaher WY, Mohammed HH, Welson NN, Batiha GES, Baty RS, Abdel-Aziz AM. Rivaroxaban Modulates TLR4/Myd88/NF-Kβ Signaling Pathway in a Dose-Dependent Manner With Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in an Experimental Model of Depression. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715354. [PMID: 34630092 PMCID: PMC8497790 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common mental illness leading to upset or anxiety, with a high incidence rate in the world. Depression can lead to suicidal thoughts and behavior. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the direct oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban (RVX), in the model of depression induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) in rats. Fifty-six male Wister rats were randomly divided into seven experimental groups (8 rats/group); Group 1: Control group given vehicle per oral (p.o.), Group 2: RVXL-control group (received rivaroxaban 20 mg/kg/day, p.o..), Group 3: RVXH-control group (received rivaroxaban 30 mg/kg/day, p.o.), Group 4: chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) group, Group 5: FLX-treated CUMS group (received fluoxetine 10 mg/kg/day, p.o..), Group 6: RVXL-treated CUMS group (received rivaroxaban 20 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and Group 7: RVXH-treated CUMS group (received rivaroxaban 30 mg/kg/day, p.o.). The rats received the drugs from the first day of the experiment and continued till 4 weeks-the duration of the study. The following were measured: monoamine neurotransmitters, malondialdehyde (MDA), total nitrite/nitrate (NOx), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). A forced swimming test (FST) was done. Furthermore, histological changes and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoexpression were evaluated. CUMS showed a significant decrease in hypothalamic neurotransmitters, hippocampal GSH, SOD, BNDF, and VEGF-A with a significant increase in hippocampal MDA, NOx, NF-kβ, Myd88, TLR4, TNF-α, and GFAP immunoexpression. RVX showed significant improvement in all parameters (p -value < 0.0001). In conclusion, RVX in a dose-dependent manner possesses potent ameliorative effects against depression by reducing the oxidative stress and inflammatory process, through the regulation of the TLR4/Myd88/NF-kβ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanaa H Mohammed
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Nermeen N Welson
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Roua S Baty
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Vassiliou AG, Athanasiou N, Vassiliadi DA, Jahaj E, Keskinidou C, Kotanidou A, Dimopoulou I. Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor expression in critical illness: A narrative review. World J Crit Care Med 2021; 10:102-111. [PMID: 34316445 PMCID: PMC8291002 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v10.i4.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) are members of the steroid receptor superfamily of hormone-dependent transcription factors. The receptors are structurally and functionally related. They are localized in the cytosol and translocate into the nucleus after ligand binding. GCRs and MRs can be co-expressed within the same cell, and it is believed that the balance in GCR and MR expression is crucial for homeostasis and plays a key role in normal adaptation. In critical illness, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is activated, and as a consequence, serum cortisol concentrations are high. However, a number of patients exhibit relatively low cortisol levels for the degree of illness severity. Glucocorticoid (GC) actions are facilitated by GCR, whose dysfunction leads to GC tissue resistance. The MR is unique in this family in that it binds to both aldosterone and cortisol. Endogenous GCs play a critical role in controlling inflammatory responses in critical illness. Intracellular GC concentrations can differ greatly from blood levels due to the action of the two 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isozymes, type 1 and type 2. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases interconvert endogenous active cortisol and intrinsically inert cortisone. The degree of expression of the two isozymes has the potential to dramatically influence local GC availability within cells and tissues. In this review, we will explore the clinical studies that aimed to elucidate the role of MR and GCR expression in the inflammatory response seen in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice G Vassiliou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Evangelismos” Hospital, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Athanasiou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Evangelismos” Hospital, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - Dimitra A Vassiliadi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, “Evangelismos” Hospital, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - Edison Jahaj
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Evangelismos” Hospital, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - Chrysi Keskinidou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Evangelismos” Hospital, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Evangelismos” Hospital, Athens 10676, Greece
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Evangelismos” Hospital, Athens 10676, Greece
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19
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Olson-Manning CF. Elaboration of the Corticosteroid Synthesis Pathway in Primates through a Multistep Enzyme. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:2257-2267. [PMID: 32196091 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic networks are complex cellular systems dependent on the interactions among, and regulation of, the enzymes in the network. Although there is great diversity of types of enzymes that make up metabolic networks, the models meant to understand the possible evolutionary outcomes following duplication neglect specifics about the enzyme, pathway context, and cellular constraints. To illuminate the mechanisms that shape the evolution of biochemical pathways, I functionally characterize the consequences of gene duplication of an enzyme family that performs multiple subsequent enzymatic reactions (a multistep enzyme) in the corticosteroid pathway in primates. The products of the corticosteroid pathway (aldosterone and cortisol) are steroid hormones that regulate metabolism and stress response in tetrapods. These steroid hormones are synthesized by a multistep enzyme Cytochrome P450 11B (CYP11B) that performs subsequent steps on different carbon atoms of the steroid derivatives. Through ancestral state reconstruction and in vitro characterization, I find that the primate ancestor of the CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 paralogs had moderate ability to synthesize both cortisol and aldosterone. Following duplication in Old World primates, the CYP11B1 homolog specialized on the production of cortisol, whereas its paralog, CYP11B2, maintained its ability to perform multiple subsequent steps as in the ancestral pathway. Unlike CYP11B1, CYP11B2 could not specialize on the production of aldosterone because it is constrained to perform earlier steps in the corticosteroid synthesis pathway to achieve the final product aldosterone. These results suggest that enzyme function, pathway context, along with tissue-specific regulation, both play a role in shaping potential outcomes of metabolic network elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie F Olson-Manning
- Department of Biology, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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20
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Kourakis S, Timpani CA, Campelj DG, Hafner P, Gueven N, Fischer D, Rybalka E. Standard of care versus new-wave corticosteroids in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Can we do better? Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:117. [PMID: 33663533 PMCID: PMC7934375 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological corticosteroid therapy is the standard of care in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) that aims to control symptoms and slow disease progression through potent anti-inflammatory action. However, a major concern is the significant adverse effects associated with long term-use. MAIN: This review discusses the pros and cons of standard of care treatment for DMD and compares it to novel data generated with the new-wave dissociative corticosteroid, vamorolone. The current status of experimental anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals is also reviewed, with insights regarding alternative drugs that could provide therapeutic advantage. CONCLUSIONS Although novel dissociative steroids may be superior substitutes to corticosteroids, other potential therapeutics should be explored. Repurposing or developing novel pharmacological therapies capable of addressing the many pathogenic features of DMD in addition to anti-inflammation could elicit greater therapeutic advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kourakis
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cara A Timpani
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Dean G Campelj
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia Hafner
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nuri Gueven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Dirk Fischer
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, VIC, Australia.
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21
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Abstract
Learning to respond appropriately to one's surrounding environment is fundamental to survival. Importantly, however, individuals vary in how they respond to cues in the environment and this variation may be a key determinant of psychopathology. The ability of seemingly neutral cues to promote maladaptive behavior is a hallmark of several psychiatric disorders including, substance use disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Thus, it is important to uncover the neural mechanisms by which such cues are able to attain inordinate control and promote psychopathological behavior. Here, we suggest that glucocorticoids play a critical role in this process. Glucocorticoids are primarily recognized as the main hormone secreted in response to stress but are known to exert their effects across the body and the brain, and to affect learning and memory, cognition and reward-related behaviors, among other things. Here we speculate that glucocorticoids act to facilitate a dopamine-dependent form of cue-reward learning that appears to be relevant to a number of psychiatric conditions. Specifically, we propose to utilize the sign-tracker/goal-tracker animal model as a means to capture individual variation in stimulus-reward learning and to isolate the role of glucocorticoid-dopamine interactions in mediating these individual differences. It is hoped that this framework will lead to the discovery of novel mechanisms that contribute to complex neuropsychiatric disorders and their comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia A. Lopez
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shelly B. Flagel
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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22
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Zefferino R, Di Gioia S, Conese M. Molecular links between endocrine, nervous and immune system during chronic stress. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01960. [PMID: 33295155 PMCID: PMC7882157 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The stress response is different in various individuals, however, the mechanisms that could explain these distinct effects are not well known and the molecular correlates have been considered one at the time. Particular harmful conditions occur if the subject, instead to cope the stressful events, succumb to them, in this case, a cascade reaction happens that through different signaling causes a specific reaction named "sickness behaviour." The aim of this article is to review the complex relations among important molecules belonging to Central nervous system (CNS), immune system (IS), and endocrine system (ES) during the chronic stress response. METHODS After having verified the state of art concerning the function of cortisol, norepinephrine (NE), interleukin (IL)-1β and melatonin, we describe as they work together. RESULTS We propose a speculative hypothesis concerning the complex interplay of these signaling molecules during chronic stress, highlighting the role of IL-1β as main biomarker of this effects, indeed, during chronic stress its increment transforms this inflammatory signal into a nervous signal (NE), in turn, this uses the ES (melatonin and cortisol) to counterbalance again IL-1β. During cortisol resistance, a vicious loop occurs that increments all mediators, unbalancing IS, ES, and CNS networks. This IL-1β increase would occur above all when the individual succumbs to stressful events, showing the Sickness Behaviour Symptoms. IL-1β might, through melatonin and vice versa, determine sleep disorders too. CONCLUSION The molecular links here outlined could explain how stress plays a role in etiopathogenesis of several diseases through this complex interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zefferino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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23
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Panek MG, Karbownik MS, Kuna PB. Comparative analysis of clinical, physiological, temperamental and personality characteristics of elderly subjects and young subjects with asthma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241750. [PMID: 33156872 PMCID: PMC7647458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a heterogeneous disease of a complex etiology in which genetic, environmental and personality variables are important factors determining the development of complicated strategies related to coping with stress and temperament traits. Our thesis is that coping styles in asthmatic patients are modified by the environment (chronic inflammation and stress) which affects individual temperament traits in the course of time. Thus, patient age is one of factors which determine the clinical image of asthma and its natural history. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the variables describing stress coping styles and temperament in young (18 to 35 years old) and elderly asthmatics (aged ≥60 years). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 200 patients, 104 elderly and 96 young asthmatics were enrolled in the study. Apart from medical examination, the following tests were performed in all subjects: the Formal Characteristics of Behavior- Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale. RESULTS Elderly patients with asthma exhibited higher intensity of anxiety as a trait, a higher level of depression and experienced dyspnea, as well as higher levels of stress coping strategies such as Avoidance-Oriented Coping (AOC), Distraction Seeking (DS) and Social Diversion (SD) compared to young asthmatics. In elderly patients, Perseverance and Sensory Sensitivity traits have been observed to decline with the duration and development of asthma at later life stages as opposed to young asthmatics, in whom these temperament characteristics are elevated. CONCLUSIONS Asthma is a heterogeneous disease of a complex etiopathogenesis that has a complex interplay with mental health. The present study confirms a relationship between age and stress coping strategies as well as temperament traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał G. Panek
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Michał S. Karbownik
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr B. Kuna
- Medical University of Lodz, Department of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy of the Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Ferrer A, Labad J, Salvat-Pujol N, Monreal JA, Urretavizcaya M, Crespo JM, Menchón JM, Palao D, Soria V. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis-related genes and cognition in major mood disorders and schizophrenia: a systematic review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 101:109929. [PMID: 32197928 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation and cognitive deficits are two well-characterized endophenotypes present in different serious mental illnesses (SMIs), including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Our aim was to study the influence of genetic and epigenetic variations in HPA axis-related genes on cognitive performance in clinical samples, including patients with major mood disorders and schizophrenia. A systematic search was performed using PubMed (Medline), PsycINFO and Scopus databases. The systematic review identified 12 studies dealing with HPA-related genes and cognition in samples including patients with SMIs, focusing on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants, while no studies analysing epigenetic variations were found. The results suggest different and specific effects on the cognitive performance of SNP variants in the HPA axis-related genes studied, as well as interactions with traumatic experiences. There was high heterogeneity in the studied samples, genes analysed, and cognitive tasks evaluated. The relationship between HPA-related genes and cognition in SMIs is still largely unknown, and further studies including larger samples and epigenetic variations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ferrer
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Labad
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Salvat-Pujol
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A Monreal
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikel Urretavizcaya
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Crespo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Palao
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Soria
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain.
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Inflammation in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Review of Potential Correlates of PTSD with a Neurological Perspective. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020107. [PMID: 31991875 PMCID: PMC7070581 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic condition characterized by symptoms of physiological and psychosocial burden. While growing research demonstrated signs of inflammation in PTSD, specific biomarkers that may be representative of PTSD such as the detailed neural correlates underlying the inflammatory responses in relation to trauma exposure are seldom discussed. Here, we review recent studies that explored alterations in key inflammatory markers in PTSD, as well as neuroimaging-based studies that further investigated signs of inflammation within the brain in PTSD, as to provide a comprehensive summary of recent literature with a neurological perspective. A search was conducted on studies published from 2009 through 2019 in PubMed and Web of Science. Fifty original articles were selected. Major findings included elevated levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines in individuals with PTSD across various trauma types, as compared with those without PTSD. Furthermore, neuroimaging-based studies demonstrated that altered inflammatory markers are associated with structural and functional alterations in brain regions that are responsible for the regulation of stress and emotion, including the amygdala, hippocampus, and frontal cortex. Future studies that utilize both central and peripheral inflammatory markers are warranted to elucidate the underlying neurological pathway of the pathophysiology of PTSD.
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Van Looveren K, Van Boxelaere M, Callaerts-Vegh Z, Libert C. Cognitive dysfunction in mice lacking proper glucocorticoid receptor dimerization. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226753. [PMID: 31869387 PMCID: PMC6927629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a major risk factor for depression and anxiety. One of the effects of stress is the (over-) activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the release of stress hormones such as glucocorticoids (GCs). Chronically increased stress hormone levels have been shown to have detrimental effects on neuronal networks by inhibiting neurotrophic processes particularly in the hippocampus proper. Centrally, GCs modulate metabolic as well as behavioural processes by activating two classes of corticoid receptors, high-affinity mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and low-affinity glucocorticoid receptors (GR). Upon activation, GR can modulate gene transcription either as a monomeric protein, or as a dimer interacting directly with DNA. GR can also modulate cellular processes via non-genomic mechanisms, for example via a GPCR-protein interaction. We evaluated the behavioral phenotype in mice with a targeted mutation in the GR in a FVB/NJ background. In GRdim/dim mice, GR proteins form poor homodimers, while the GR monomer remains intact. We evaluated the effect of poor GR dimerization on hippocampus-dependent cognition as well as on exploration and emotional behavior under baseline and chronically increased stress hormone levels. We found that GRdim/dim mice did not behave differently from GRwt/wt littermates under baseline conditions. However, after chronic elevation of stress hormone levels, GRdim/dim mice displayed a significant impairment in hippocampus-dependent memory compared to GRwt/wt mice, which correlated with differential expression of hippocampal Bdnf/TrkB and Fkbp5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Van Looveren
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Zsuzsanna Callaerts-Vegh
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KULeuven, Leuven Belgium
- Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium
- mINT Mouse Behavioural Core Facility, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Di Benedetto S, Müller L, Rauskolb S, Sendtner M, Deutschbein T, Pawelec G, Müller V. Network topology dynamics of circulating biomarkers and cognitive performance in older Cytomegalovirus-seropositive or -seronegative men and women. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2019; 16:31. [PMID: 31827568 PMCID: PMC6894301 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-019-0171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Cytokines are signaling molecules operating within complex cascade patterns and having exceptional modulatory functions. They impact various physiological processes such as neuroendocrine and metabolic interactions, neurotrophins’ metabolism, neuroplasticity, and may affect behavior and cognition. In our previous study, we found that sex and Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-serostatus may modulate levels of circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, metabolic factors, immune cells, and cognitive performance, as well as associations between them. Results In the present study, we used a graph-theoretical approach to investigate the network topology dynamics of 22 circulating biomarkers and 11 measures of cognitive performance in 161 older participants recruited to undergo a six-months training intervention. For network construction, we applied coefficient of determination (R2) that was calculated for all possible pairs of variables (N = 33) in four groups (CMV− men and women; CMV+ men and women). Network topology has been evaluated by clustering coefficient (CC) and characteristic path length (CPL) as well as local (Elocal) and global (Eglobal) efficiency, showing the degree of network segregation (CC and Elocal) and integration (CPL and Eglobal). We found that networks under consideration showed small-world networks properties with more random characteristics. Mean CC, as well as local and global efficiency were highest and CPL shortest in CMV− males (having lowest inflammatory status and highest cognitive performance). CMV− and CMV+ females did not show any significant differences. Modularity analyses showed that the networks exhibit in all cases highly differentiated modular organization (with Q-value ranged between 0.397 and 0.453). Conclusions In this work, we found that segregation and integration properties of the network were notably stronger in the group with balanced inflammatory status. We were also able to confirm our previous findings that CMV-infection and sex modulate multiple circulating biomarkers and cognitive performance and that balanced inflammatory and metabolic status in elderly contributes to better cognitive functioning. Thus, network analyses provide a useful strategy for visualization and quantitative description of multiple interactions between various circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers, hormones, neurotrophic and metabolic factors, immune cells, and measures of cognitive performance and can be in general applied for analyzing interactions between different physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Di Benedetto
- 1Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,2University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludmila Müller
- 1Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Timo Deutschbein
- 4Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Viktor Müller
- 1Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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Vassiliou AG, Floros G, Jahaj E, Stamogiannos G, Gennimata S, Vassiliadi DA, Tsagarakis S, Tzanela M, Ilias I, Orfanos SE, Kotanidou A, Dimopoulou I. Decreased glucocorticoid receptor expression during critical illness. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13073. [PMID: 30703253 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In critically ill patients, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is activated, resulting in increased serum cortisol concentrations. However, in some patients, especially those with sepsis, cortisol levels are relatively low for the degree of illness severity. Therefore, in the present project, we aim to characterize the time course of glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) alpha and beta expression in peripheral polymorphonuclear cells of critically ill septic or nonseptic patients using real-time PCR. DESIGN A prospective observational study conducted on 32 critically ill adults not receiving steroids, in a university-affiliated, multidisciplinary intensive care unit (ICU). Blood samples were collected for measurement of glucocorticoid receptor expression within 24-48 hours of admission to the ICU and at days 4, 8 and 13 after admission, reflecting the acute and chronic phase of the illness. RESULTS During ICU stay, patients expressed over time reduced levels of both GCR-α and GCR-β mRNA. More specifically, GCR-α mRNA expression was decreased fourfold 4 days after admission (P < 0.0001) and remained low up to 2 weeks after admission (P < 0.001). On the other hand, GCR-β mRNA levels remained stable shortly after admission, but approx. one week after admission, its levels decreased threefold (P < 0.01) and remained reduced up to 2 weeks after admission (P < 0.001). DISCUSSION Our results suggest that critically ill patients have highly variable expression of alpha and beta GCR, and moreover, the levels of both receptors decrease during ICU stay. Taken together, these might explain the differential responsiveness of patients to exogenous steroid administration or to endogenous cortisol secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice G Vassiliou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Floros
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Edison Jahaj
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Stamogiannos
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofianna Gennimata
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra A Vassiliadi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos Tsagarakis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marinella Tzanela
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ilias
- Endocrine Unit, Elena Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos E Orfanos
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Huzard D, Ghosal S, Grosse J, Carnevali L, Sgoifo A, Sandi C. Low vagal tone in two rat models of psychopathology involving high or low corticosterone stress responses. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:101-110. [PMID: 30448728 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The two stress-responsive physiological systems, autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis exert complementary and interrelated actions in the organism. Individuals that suffer stress-related psychopathologies frequently present simultaneous alterations -i.e., either low or high- responsiveness- in both systems. However, there is scarce evidence establishing whether a priori alterations in these systems -i.e., independent of previous stress exposure- may predispose to the development of psychopathologies possibly due to the lack of animal models simultaneously involving aberrant HPA and SNS responses. In this study, we describe two animal models selectively bred according to their differential (either high, 'High', or low, 'Low') glucocorticoid responsiveness to stress, in comparison to a third line of rats that displays intermediate ('Inter') glucocorticoid responses. The two extreme lines may be considered distinct models of psychopathology; the High line representing a model of constitutive mood alterations while the Low line a model of vulnerability to develop stress-induced psychopathologies. We recorded the electrocardiogram in rats from the three lines and quantified heart rate variability and vagal tone indexes during rest and stress challenges. Rats from both High and Low lines displayed higher heart rate and lower basal vagal tone than the Inter group, both at resting and following stress exposure. Specific pharmacological manipulations probing the relative contribution of sympathetic and parasympathetic components on HR modulation confirmed a relative lower vagal tone in High and Low lines and discarded differences in the sympathetic regulation of heart rate between the lines. Therefore, the two genetically-selected High and Low glucocorticoid rat lines emerge as two valuable preclinical models of psychopathology involving two key risk factors for psychiatric and cardiovascular disorders, namely dysregulations in the HPA axis and cardiac vagal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Huzard
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sriparna Ghosal
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyn Grosse
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Carnevali
- Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Sgoifo
- Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Digging deeper in the differential effects of inflammatory and psychosocial stressors in remitted depression: Effects on cognitive functioning. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:356-363. [PMID: 30423462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) covers a wide spectrum of symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction, which can persist during remission. Both inflammatory states and psychosocial stress play a role in MDD pathogenesis. METHODS The effects of inflammatory (i.e., Salmonella typhi vaccine) and psychosocial stressor (i.e., Trier Social Stress Test), as well as their combination were investigated on cognition in women (aged 25-45 years, n = 21) with (partially) remitted MDD and healthy controls (n = 18) in a single-blind placebo-controlled study. In a crossover design, patients received on the first day one of the aforementioned interventions and on the other day a placebo, or vice versa, with a washout period of 7-14 days. Short-term and verbal memory, working memory, attention, verbal fluency, information processing speed, psychomotor function, and measures of attentional bias to emotions were measured. Exploratory analyses were performed to assess the correlation between biomarkers of inflammation and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis and cognitive functioning. RESULTS In patients, inflammatory stress decreased information processing speed and verbal memory, and increased working memory; after psychosocial stress, there was an increase in attention. There was also an increased negative attentional bias in patients after inflammatory stress. Neither stressor had any effect in controls. LIMITIATIONS Limitations are the relatively small sample size and antidepressant use by a part of the participants. The effects of the stressors were also measured a relatively short period after administration. CONCULSION Patients were sensitive to the cognitive effects of inflammation and psychosocial stress on cognition, while controls were not.
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Viho EMG, Buurstede JC, Mahfouz A, Koorneef LL, van Weert LTCM, Houtman R, Hunt HJ, Kroon J, Meijer OC. Corticosteroid Action in the Brain: The Potential of Selective Receptor Modulation. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 109:266-276. [PMID: 30884490 PMCID: PMC6878852 DOI: 10.1159/000499659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones have important effects on brain function in the context of acute and chronic stress. Many of these are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). GR has transcriptional activity which is highly context-specific and differs between tissues and even between cell types. The outcome of GR-mediated transcription depends on the interactome of associated coregulators. Selective GR modulators (SGRMs) are a class of GR ligands that can be used to activate only a subset of GR-coregulator interactions, thereby giving the possibility to induce a unique combination of agonistic and antagonistic GR properties. We describe SGRM action in animal models of brain function and pathology, and argue for their utility as molecular filters, to characterize context-specific GR interactome and transcriptional activity that are responsible for particular glucocorticoid-driven effects in cognitive processes such as memory consolidation. The ultimate objective of this approach is to identify molecular processes that are responsible for adaptive and maladaptive effects of glucocorticoids in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M G Viho
- Division of Endocrinology, Department Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus C Buurstede
- Division of Endocrinology, Department Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Delft Bioinformatics Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa L Koorneef
- Division of Endocrinology, Department Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa T C M van Weert
- Division of Endocrinology, Department Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hazel J Hunt
- Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Jan Kroon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Division of Endocrinology, Department Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,
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McCreary JK, Erickson ZT, Paxman E, Kiss D, Montina T, Olson DM, Metz GAS. The rat cumulative allostatic load measure (rCALM): a new translational assessment of the burden of stress. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2019; 5:dvz005. [PMID: 31065381 PMCID: PMC6500369 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Determinants of lifetime health are complex and emphasize the need for robust predictors of disease risk. Allostatic load (AL) has become a clinical framework to estimate the cumulative biological burden associated with chronic stress. To assist knowledge translation in the developmental origins of health and disease field, clinically valid methods for reliable AL assessment in experimental models are urgently needed. Here, we introduce the rat cumulative allostatic load measure (rCALM), as a new preclinical knowledge translation tool to assess the burden of chronic stress. First, we identified an array of stress-associated physiological markers that are particularly sensitive to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation by ancestral prenatal stress. Second, we determined which of these markers are susceptible to an intervention by environmental enrichment (EE) to mitigate AL. The markers most responsive to stress and EE therapy were assembled to become operationalized in the rCALM. Third, the new rCALM was validated for the ability to indicate future disease risks. The results show that the rCALM estimates the burden of chronic stress and serves as a proxy to estimate stress resilience and vulnerability to disease. Using the rCALM we showed that enrichment therapy can offset the adverse health outcomes linked to a high AL. Thus, the rCALM provides a model for the development of new test strategies that facilitate knowledge translation in preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Keiko McCreary
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zachary T Erickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric Paxman
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Douglas Kiss
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tony Montina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - David M Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Akaishi T. Unified neural structured model: A new diagnostic tool in primary care psychiatry. Med Hypotheses 2018; 118:107-113. [PMID: 30037595 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overlap of multiple mental disorders in each psychiatric patient has been emphasized and the style of assessment and intervention in each patient has been gradually changed. A new practical structured model that can comprehensively explain and assess the major mental disorders integratedly has been desired. In this report, the relationships between each of the major mental disorders and each neuropsychiatric component like personality, reward system, or reinforcement learning have been comprehensively reviewed to construct a new integrated structured model for assessing the overlapped mental conditions in primary care psychiatry. This new structured model contains the following three loops: "input-output-feedback loop" (external/environmental loop), "reward-learning loop" (learning loop), and "mood-reward sensitivity loop" (mood loop), which are connected by the functions of prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. With this new concept, overlapped mental conditions in each psychiatric patient could be theoretically much simply and logically explained. In conclusion, with the proposed psychiatric structured model, we can simply explain and understand the overlapped mental disorders in each patient. Inventing and developing such basic psychiatric structured model would offer us new diagnostic and therapeutic tools to realize personalized medicine, especially in the field of primary care psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Education and Support for Community Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Japan.
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Johnson MT, Johnson E. Stress, domination and basic income: considering a citizens’ entitlement response to a public health crisis. SOCIAL THEORY & HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1057/s41285-018-0076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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When inflammation and depression go together: The longitudinal effects of parent-child relationships. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 29:1969-1986. [PMID: 29162196 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417001523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Parent-child relationships have long-term effects on health, particularly later inflammation and depression. We hypothesized that these effects would be mediated by later romantic partner relationships and elevated stressors in young adulthood, helping promote chronic, low grade, inflammation as well as depressive symptoms, and driving their covariation. It has been proposed recently that youth experiencing harsher parenting may also develop a stronger association between inflammation and depressive symptoms in adulthood and altered effects of stressors on outcomes. In the current investigation, we test these ideas using an 18-year longitudinal study of N = 413 African American youth that provides assessment of the parent-child relationship (at age 10), pro-inflammatory cytokine profile and depressive symptoms (at age 28), and potential mediators in early young adulthood (assessed at ages 21 and 24). As predicted, the effect of harsher parent-child relationships (age 10) on pro-inflammatory state and increased depressive symptoms at age 28 were fully mediated through young adult stress and romantic partner relationships. In addition, beyond these mediated effects, parent-child relationships at age 10 moderated the concurrent association between inflammation and depressive symptoms, as well as the prospective association between romantic partner relationships and inflammation, and resulted in substantially different patterns of indirect effects from young adult mediators to outcomes. The results support theorizing that the association of depression and inflammation in young adulthood is conditional on earlier parenting, and suggest incorporating this perspective into models predicting long-term health outcomes.
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Wulsin AC, Franco-Villanueva A, Romancheck C, Morano RL, Smith BL, Packard BA, Danzer SC, Herman JP. Functional disruption of stress modulatory circuits in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197955. [PMID: 29795651 PMCID: PMC5993058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical data suggest that the neuroendocrine stress response is chronically dysregulated in a subset of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), potentially contributing to both disease progression and the development of psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety and depression. Whether neuroendocrine dysregulation and psychiatric comorbidities reflect direct effects of epilepsy-related pathologies, or secondary effects of disease burden particular to humans with epilepsy (i.e. social estrangement, employment changes) is not clear. Animal models provide an opportunity to dissociate these factors. Therefore, we queried whether epileptic mice would reproduce neuroendocrine and behavioral changes associated with human epilepsy. Male FVB mice were exposed to pilocarpine to induce status epilepticus (SE) and the subsequent development of spontaneous recurrent seizures. Morning baseline corticosterone levels were elevated in pilocarpine treated mice at 1, 7 and 10 weeks post-SE relative to controls. Similarly, epileptic mice had increased adrenal weight when compared to control mice. Exposure to acute restraint stress resulted in hypersecretion of corticosterone 30 min after the onset of the challenge. Anatomical analyses revealed reduced Fos expression in infralimbic and prelimbic prefrontal cortex, ventral subiculum and basal amygdala following restraint. No differences in Fos immunoreactivity were found in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, hippocampal subfields or central amygdala. In order to assess emotional behavior, a second cohort of mice underwent a battery of behavioral tests, including sucrose preference, open field, elevated plus maze, 24h home-cage monitoring and forced swim. Epileptic mice showed increased anhedonic behavior, hyperactivity and anxiety-like behaviors. Together these data demonstrate that epileptic mice develop HPA axis hyperactivity and exhibit behavioral dysfunction. Endocrine and behavioral changes are associated with impaired recruitment of forebrain circuits regulating stress inhibition and emotional reactivity. Loss of forebrain control may underlie pronounced endocrine dysfunction and comorbid psychopathologies seen in temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynara C. Wulsin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ana Franco-Villanueva
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Christian Romancheck
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rachel L. Morano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brittany L. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Packard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steve C. Danzer
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - James P. Herman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ishijima S, Baba H, Maeshima H, Shimano T, Inoue M, Suzuki T, Arai H. Glucocorticoid may influence amyloid β metabolism in patients with depression. Psychiatry Res 2018; 259:191-196. [PMID: 29073556 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that depression may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the biological mechanisms of the transition from depression to AD are still not clear. Changes of amyloid β protein (Aβ) metabolism and increased glucocorticoid (GC) levels have been found in both depression and AD. Moreover, several studies in animal models have demonstrated that GC administration changes Aβ metabolism. To reveal whether GC affects amyloid metabolism in patients with depression, we evaluated serum levels of Aβ40, Aβ42 and cortisol at admission in 187 inpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 224 healthy comparisons. Additionally, we re-evaluated the serum levels of Aβs in 27 patients with MDD 1 year later. The results of multiple regression analyses revealed that serum cortisol and Aβ levels are not correlated at the time of admission. However, serum cortisol levels at admission correlated with serum Aβ42 levels and Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio 1 year later. These findings suggest that increased cortisol in patients with MDD may influence the metabolism of Aβ over prolonged periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Ishijima
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hajime Baba
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Maeshima
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shimano
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Megumi Inoue
- Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihito Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Juntendo University Mood Disorder Project (JUMP), Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Heii Arai
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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D'Elia ATD, Matsuzaka CT, Neto JBB, Mello MF, Juruena MF, Mello AF. Childhood Sexual Abuse and Indicators of Immune Activity: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:354. [PMID: 30127754 PMCID: PMC6088139 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a prevalent subtype of early life stress associated with changes in immunological and neuroendocrine systems leading to inflammatory responses of the organism and increasing several inflammatory and immune markers. We aimed to conduct a systematic review concerning the association between CSA and indicators of immune activity. Methods: We conducted a search for articles in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, using the key words: ("Child sexual abuse" OR "childhood maltreatment" OR "sexual violence" OR "posttraumatic stress disorder" OR "rape") AND ("cytokines" OR "inflammatory markers" OR "interleukin" OR "tumor necrosis factor" OR "C-reactive protein"). PRISMA guidelines were used in order to improve the quality of this research, and MeSH terms were used in PubMed. Results: A total of 3,583 studies were found and, after application of the exclusion criteria, 17 studies were included in this review. Most studies reported an increase of inflammatory activity associated with the presence of early abuse. IL-6, TNF- α, and C-reactive protein were the most frequently analyzed markers and some studies showed higher levels in individuals that suffered CSA compared with controls, although the results were heterogeneous, as was the assessment of CSA, repeated trauma, and time of occurrence. It was not possible to perform a meta-analysis because the results were diversified. Conclusion: CSA is associated with changes in inflammatory markers levels. Improving the assessment of subtypes of trauma is important to further understand the complex correlations of CSA and its biological consequences such as psychiatric and physical illness in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T. D. D'Elia
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ana T. D. D'Elia
| | - Camila T. Matsuzaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jair B. B. Neto
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F. Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario F. Juruena
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Andrea F. Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Depression, evening salivary cortisol and inflammation in chronic fatigue syndrome: A psychoneuroendocrinological structural regression model. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 131:124-130. [PMID: 28918107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a poorly understood illness that is characterized by diverse somatic symptoms, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction and heightened inflammatory indicators. These symptoms are often exacerbated and accompanied by psychological distress states and depression. Since depression is known to be associated with HPA axis dysfunction and greater inflammation, a psychoneuroendocrinological (PNE) model of inflammation was examined in persons diagnosed with CFS in order to uncover underlying biopsychosocial mechanisms in this poorly understood chronic illness. METHODS Baseline data were drawn from two randomized controlled trials testing the efficacy of different forms of psychosocial intervention, and included psychological questionnaires, di-urnal salivary cortisol, and blood samples. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM). RESULTS The sample (N=265) was mostly middle-aged (Mage=49.36±10.9, range=20-73years), Caucasian (67.7%), female (81.7%), highly educated (85.5% completed some college, college, or graduate program), and depressed (CES-D M=23.87±12.02, range 2-57). The SEM supporting a psychoneuroendocrinological model of immune dysregulation in CFS fit the data χ2 (12)=17.725, p=0.1243, RMSEA=0.043, CFI=0.935, SRMR=0.036. Depression was directly related to evening salivary cortisol and inflammation, such that higher evening cortisol predicted greater depressive symptoms (β=0.215, p<0.01) and higher pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] levels (β=0.185, p<0.05), when controlling for covariates. DISCUSSION Results highlight the role of depression, cortisol and inflammation in possible biological mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of CFS. Time-lagged, longitudinal analyses are needed to fully explore these relationships.
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Singhal G, Baune BT. Microglia: An Interface between the Loss of Neuroplasticity and Depression. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:270. [PMID: 28943841 PMCID: PMC5596091 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression has been widely accepted as a major psychiatric disease affecting nearly 350 million people worldwide. Research focus is now shifting from studying the extrinsic and social factors of depression to the underlying molecular causes. Microglial activity is shown to be associated with pathological conditions, such as psychological stress, pathological aging, and chronic infections. These are primary immune effector cells in the CNS and regulate the extensive dialogue between the nervous and the immune systems in response to different immunological, physiological, and psychological stressors. Studies have suggested that during stress and pathologies, microglia play a significant role in the disruption of neuroplasticity and have detrimental effects on neuroprotection causing neuroinflammation and exacerbation of depression. After a systematic search of literature databases, relevant articles on the microglial regulation of bidirectional neuroimmune pathways affecting neuroplasticity and leading to depression were reviewed. Although, several hypotheses have been proposed for the microglial role in the onset of depression, it is clear that all molecular pathways to depression are linked through microglia-associated neuroinflammation and hippocampal degeneration. Molecular factors such as an excess of glucocorticoids and changes in gene expression of neurotrophic factors, as well as neuro active substances secreted by gut microbiota have also been shown to affect microglial morphology and phenotype resulting in depression. This review aims to critically analyze the various molecular pathways associated with the microglial role in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Lab, Discipline of Psychiatry, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
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Chalah MA, Ayache SS. Alexithymia in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of literature. Neuropsychologia 2017; 104:31-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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de Cossío LF, Fourrier C, Sauvant J, Everard A, Capuron L, Cani PD, Layé S, Castanon N. Impact of prebiotics on metabolic and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 64:33-49. [PMID: 28027925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that the gut microbiota, an important player within the gut-brain communication axis, can affect metabolism, inflammation, brain function and behavior. Interestingly, gut microbiota composition is known to be altered in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), who also often display neuropsychiatric symptoms. The use of prebiotics, which beneficially alters the microbiota, may therefore be a promising way to potentially improve physical and mental health in MetS patients. This hypothesis was tested in a mouse model of MetS, namely the obese and type-2 diabetic db/db mice, which display emotional and cognitive alterations associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and hippocampal inflammation compared to their lean db/+ littermates. We assessed the impact of chronic administration (8weeks) of prebiotics (oligofructose) on both metabolic (body weight, food intake, glucose homeostasis) and behavioral (increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory) alterations characterizing db/db mice, as well as related neurobiological correlates, with particular attention to neuroinflammatory processes. Prebiotic administration improved excessive food intake and glycemic dysregulations (glucose tolerance and insulin resistance) in db/db mice. This was accompanied by an increase of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels and hypothalamic mRNA expression of the anorexigenic cytokine IL-1β, whereas unbalanced mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART, POMC) peptides was unchanged. We also detected signs of improved blood-brain-barrier integrity in the hypothalamus of oligofructose-treated db/db mice (normalized expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin). On the contrary, prebiotic administration did not improve behavioral alterations and associated reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis displayed by db/db mice, despite normalization of increased hippocampal IL-6 mRNA expression. Of note, we found a relationship between the effect of treatment on dentate gyrus neurons and spatial memory. These findings may prove valuable for introducing novel approaches to treat some of the comorbidities associated with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Fernández de Cossío
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Célia Fourrier
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Sauvant
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine Everard
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucile Capuron
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Layé
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Castanon
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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Krämer B, Diekhof EK, Gruber O. Effects of city living on the mesolimbic reward system-An fmri study. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:3444-3453. [PMID: 28397390 PMCID: PMC6866977 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on higher prevalence rates of several mental disorders for city dwellers, psychosocial stress effects of urban living have been proposed as an environmental risk factor contributing to the development of mental disorders. Recently, it was shown that amygdala activation differs between city dwellers and rural residents in response to a cognitive-social stressor. Besides its influence on the amygdala, chronic stress also affects mesocorticolimbic brain regions involved in reward processing, and stress-related dysregulation of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system is thought to contribute to onset and manifestation of psychiatric disorders. Here, we investigated differences in reward systems functioning in 147 healthy subjects living either in cities or in less urban areas by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of the desire-reason-dilemma paradigm, which permits a targeted investigation of bottom-up activation and top-down regulation of the reward circuit. Compared with subjects from less urban areas, city dwellers showed an altered activation and modulation capability of the midbrain (VTA) dopamine system. City dwellers also revealed increased responses in other brain regions involved in reward processing and in the regulation of stress and emotions, such as amygdala, orbitofrontal, and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex. These results provide further evidence for effects of an urban environment on the mesolimbic dopamine system and the limbic system which may increase the risk to develop mental disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3444-3453, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and NeuroimagingDepartment of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and PsychiatryDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - Esther K. Diekhof
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and PsychiatryDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
- University Hamburg, Grindel Biocenter and Zoological Museum, Institute for HumanbiologyHamburgGermany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and NeuroimagingDepartment of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and PsychiatryDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
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Zhao XJ, Zhao Z, Yang DD, Cao LL, Zhang L, Ji J, Gu J, Huang JY, Sun XL. Activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channel by iptakalim normalizes stress-induced HPA axis disorder and depressive behaviour by alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress in mouse hypothalamus. Brain Res Bull 2017; 130:146-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
Alexithymia presents a deficit in identifying and expressing emotions, paucity of fantasies, and an externally oriented cognitive style. Numerous recent studies have documented that alexithymia is significantly related to dysregulation of immune functions. These findings implicate that stressors related to alexithymia could underlie the process of immune dysregulation that likely presents a significant risk factor in pathogenesis of several psychosomatic illnesses. In this article various findings on immune dysregulation in alexithymia are reviewed and discussed.
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Age-related hearing loss and dementia: a 10-year national population-based study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:2327-2334. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Salvat-Pujol N, Labad J, Urretavizcaya M, de Arriba-Arnau A, Segalàs C, Real E, Ferrer A, Crespo JM, Jiménez-Murcia S, Soriano-Mas C, Menchón JM, Soria V. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and cognition in major depression: The role of remission status. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 76:38-48. [PMID: 27883963 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuropsychological deficits and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction have been described in major depressive disorder (MDD). We conducted an exploratory study to investigate the role of remission status in the relationship between HPA axis and cognition in MDD. METHODS Ninety-seven MDD patients (44 remitted, 53 non-remitted) and 97 healthy controls (HC) were evaluated. We measured verbal and visual memory, working memory, processing speed, attention, and executive function. Three HPA axis measures were assessed: cortisol awakening response (CAR), diurnal cortisol slope, and cortisol suppression ratio with 0.25mg of dexamethasone (DSTR). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to study the relationship between cortisol measures and cognition while controlling for potential confounders. We conducted an overall analysis in all participants to compare both MDD-remitted and MDD non-remitted groups with respect to HC. Another analysis including MDD patients only was used to explore a moderating effect by remission status. RESULTS MDD patients showed poorer cognitive performance compared with HC, without significant differences between remitters and non-remitters. Cortisol measures did not differ between remitters and non-remitters. Although most HPA axis measures were not associated with cognitive dysfunction, we found significant associations between cognitive performance in MDD-remitters and cortisol measures for visual memory, processing speed and executive function. A significant moderating effect for remission status was found between cortisol diurnal slope (but neither CAR nor DSTR) and performance in processing speed or executive function. CONCLUSIONS Remission status in MDD appears to moderate the association between some cognitive domains (processing speed and executive function) and HPA axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Salvat-Pujol
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Labad
- Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Department of Mental Health, I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain
| | - Mikel Urretavizcaya
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida de Arriba-Arnau
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinto Segalàs
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain
| | - Eva Real
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain
| | - Alex Ferrer
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Crespo
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Soria
- Bellvitge University Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group - Psychiatry and Mental Health, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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48
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Wippert PM, Rector M, Kuhn G, Wuertz-Kozak K. Stress and Alterations in Bones: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:96. [PMID: 28507534 PMCID: PMC5410657 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have demonstrated that physical stress (PS) stimulates bone remodeling and affects bone structure and function through complex mechanotransduction mechanisms. Recent research has laid ground to the hypothesis that mental stress (MS) also influences bone biology, eventually leading to osteoporosis and increased bone fracture risk. These effects are likely exerted by modulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, resulting in an altered release of growth hormones, glucocorticoids and cytokines, as demonstrated in human and animal studies. Furthermore, molecular cross talk between mental and PS is thought to exist, with either synergistic or preventative effects on bone disease progression depending on the characteristics of the applied stressor. This mini review will explain the emerging concept of MS as an important player in bone adaptation and its potential cross talk with PS by summarizing the current state of knowledge, highlighting newly evolving notions (such as intergenerational transmission of stress and its epigenetic modifications affecting bone) and proposing new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia-Maria Wippert
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Sociology of Health and Physical Activity, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Pia-Maria Wippert,
| | - Michael Rector
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Sociology of Health and Physical Activity, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gisela Kuhn
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Sociology of Health and Physical Activity, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Schön Klinik München Harlaching, Munich, Germany
- Spine Center, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Life Out of Balance: Stress-Related Disorders in Animals and Humans. Comp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47007-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ehrlich KB, Ross KM, Chen E, Miller GE. Testing the biological embedding hypothesis: Is early life adversity associated with a later proinflammatory phenotype? Dev Psychopathol 2016; 28:1273-1283. [PMID: 27691981 PMCID: PMC5475361 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the experience of early life adversity is a risk factor for a range of poor outcomes across development, including poor physical health in adulthood. The biological embedding model of early adversity (Miller, Chen, & Parker, 2011) suggests that early adversity might become embedded within immune cells known as monocytes/macrophages, programming them to be overly aggressive to environmental stimuli and insensitive to inhibitory signals, creating a "proinflammatory phenotype" that increases vulnerability to chronic diseases across the life span. We tested this hypothesis in the present study. Adolescent girls (n = 147) had blood drawn every 6 months across a 2.5-year period. To assess inflammatory responses to challenge, their monocytes were stimulated in vitro with a bacterial product, and production of the cytokine interleukin-6 was quantified. Hydrocortisone was added to cultures to assess the cells' sensitivity to glucocorticoids' anti-inflammatory signal. Using cluster analyses, we found that early life adversity was associated with greater odds of displaying a proinflammatory phenotype characterized by relatively larger interleukin-6 responses and relatively less sensitivity to glucocorticoids. In contrast, ongoing social stress was not associated with increasing odds of being categorized in the proinflammatory cluster. These findings suggest that early life adversity increases the probability of developing a proinflammatory phenotype, which, if sustained, could forecast risk for health problems later in life.
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