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Lueck MR, Moyer MM, Cheeke TE. Potential to take root in viticulture? An evaluation of mycorrhizal inoculants on the growth and nutrient uptake of young wine grapes planted in live field soil. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae161. [PMID: 38936822 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Incorporating biofertilizers, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AM) fungal inoculants, into vineyard management practices may enhance vine growth and reduce environmental impact. Here, we evaluate the effects of commercially available and local AM fungal inoculants on the growth, root colonization, and nutrient uptake of wine grapes (Vitis vinifera) when planted in a field soil substrate. METHODS AND RESULTS In a greenhouse experiment, young wine grapes were planted in a field soil substrate and inoculated with one of three commercially available mycorrhizal inoculant products, or one of two locally collected whole soil inoculants. After 4 months of growth, inoculated vines showed no differences in plant biomass, colonization of roots by AM fungi, or foliar macronutrient concentrations compared to uninoculated field soil substrate. However, vines grown with local inoculants had greater shoot biomass than vines grown with mycorrhizal inoculant products. CONCLUSIONS Although effects from inoculations with AM fungi varied by inoculant type and source, inoculations may not improve young vine performance in field soils with a resident microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R Lueck
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Michelle M Moyer
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Washington State University Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, WA 99354, USA
| | - Tanya E Cheeke
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
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2
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Alaux PL, Courty PE, Fréville H, David J, Rocher A, Taschen E. Wheat dwarfing reshapes plant and fungal development in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. MYCORRHIZA 2024; 34:351-360. [PMID: 38816524 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of Reduced height (Rht) dwarfing genes into elite wheat varieties has contributed to enhanced yield gain in high input agrosystems by preventing lodging. Yet, how modern selection for dwarfing has affected symbiosis remains poorly documented. In this study, we evaluated the response of both the plant and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to plant genetic variation at a major Quantitative Trait Locus called QTL 4B2, known to harbor a Rht dwarfing gene, when forming the symbiosis. We used twelve inbred genotypes derived from a diversity base broadened durum wheat Evolutionary Pre-breeding Population and genotyped with a high-throughput Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array. In a microcosm setup segregating roots and the extra-radical mycelium, each wheat genotype was grown with or without the presence of Rhizophagus irregularis. To characterize arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, we assessed hyphal density, root colonization, spore production, and plant biomass. Additionally, we split the variation of these variables due either to genotypes or to the Rht dwarfing genes alone. The fungus exhibited greater development in the roots of Dwarf plants compared to non-Dwarf plants, showing increases of 27%, 37% and 51% in root colonization, arbuscules, and vesicles, respectively. In addition, the biomass of the extra-radical fungal structures increased by around 31% in Dwarf plants. The biomass of plant roots decreased by about 43% in mycorrhizal Dwarf plants. Interestingly, extraradical hyphal production was found to be partly genetically determined with no significant effect of Rht, as for plant biomasses. In contrast, variations in root colonization, arbuscules and extraradical spore production were explained by Rht dwarfing genes. Finally, when mycorrhizal, Dwarf plants had significantly lower total P content, pointing towards a less beneficial symbiosis for the plant and increased profit for the fungus. These results highlight the effect of Rht dwarfing genes on both root and fungal development. This calls for further research into the molecular mechanisms governing these effects, as well as changes in plant physiology, and their implications for fostering arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in sustainable agrosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Louis Alaux
- UMR 7205, Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, UA, 75005, Paris, France
- Agroécologie, Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Dijon, France
- AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- UMR Eco & Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier cedex 2, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Hélène Fréville
- AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques David
- AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Aline Rocher
- AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Elisa Taschen
- UMR Eco & Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier cedex 2, Montpellier, France.
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3
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Peng Z, Johnson NC, Jansa J, Han J, Fang Z, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Xi H, Mao L, Pan J, Zhang Q, Feng H, Fan T, Zhang J, Liu Y. Mycorrhizal effects on crop yield and soil ecosystem functions in a long-term tillage and fertilization experiment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1798-1813. [PMID: 38155454 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
It is well understood that agricultural management influences arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, but there is controversy about whether farmers should manage for AM symbiosis. We assessed AM fungal communities colonizing wheat roots for three consecutive years in a long-term (> 14 yr) tillage and fertilization experiment. Relationships among mycorrhizas, crop performance, and soil ecosystem functions were quantified. Tillage, fertilizers and continuous monoculture all reduced AM fungal richness and shifted community composition toward dominance of a few ruderal taxa. Rhizophagus and Dominikia were depressed by tillage and/or fertilization, and their abundances as well as AM fungal richness correlated positively with soil aggregate stability and nutrient cycling functions across all or no-tilled samples. In the field, wheat yield was unrelated to AM fungal abundance and correlated negatively with AM fungal richness. In a complementary glasshouse study, wheat biomass was enhanced by soil inoculum from unfertilized, no-till plots while neutral to depressed growth was observed in wheat inoculated with soils from fertilized and conventionally tilled plots. This study demonstrates contrasting impacts of low-input and conventional agricultural practices on AM symbiosis and highlights the importance of considering both crop yield and soil ecosystem functions when managing mycorrhizas for more sustainable agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Nancy Collins Johnson
- School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
| | - Jan Jansa
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiayao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shengjing Jiang
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Hao Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lin Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jianbin Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huyuan Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tinglu Fan
- Dryland Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Dryland Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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4
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Liu J, Guo Y, Gu H, Liu Z, Hu X, Yu Z, Li Y, Li L, Sui Y, Jin J, Liu X, Adams JM, Wang G. Conversion of steppe to cropland increases spatial heterogeneity of soil functional genes. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:1872-1883. [PMID: 37607984 PMCID: PMC10579271 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome function responses to land use change are important for the long-term prediction and management of soil ecological functions under human influence. However, it has remains uncertain how the biogeographic patterns of soil functional composition change when transitioning from natural steppe soils (NS) to agricultural soils (AS). We collected soil samples from adjacent pairs of AS and NS across 900 km of Mollisol areas in northeast China, and the soil functional composition was characterized using shotgun sequencing. AS had higher functional alpha-diversity indices with respect to KO trait richness and a higher Shannon index than NS. The distance-decay slopes of functional gene composition were steeper in AS than in NS along both spatial and environmental gradients. Land-use conversion from steppe to farmland diversified functional gene profiles both locally and spatially; it increased the abundances of functional genes related to labile carbon, but decreased those related to recalcitrant substrate mobilization (e.g., lignin), P cycling, and S cycling. The composition of gene functional traits was strongly driven by stochastic processes, while the degree of stochasticity was higher in NS than in AS, as revealed by the neutral community model and normalized stochasticity ratio analysis. Alpha-diversity of core functional genes was strongly related to multi-nutrient cycling in AS, suggesting a key relationship to soil fertility. The results of this study challenge the paradigm that the conversion of natural to agricultural habitat will homogenize soil properties and biology while reducing local and regional gene functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, P R China
| | - Yaping Guo
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P R China
| | - Haidong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, P R China
| | - Zhuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, P R China
| | - Xiaojing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, P R China
| | - Zhenhua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, P R China
| | - Yansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, P R China
| | - Lujun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, P R China
| | - Yueyu Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, P R China
| | - Jian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, P R China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, P R China
| | - Jonathan M Adams
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P R China.
| | - Guanghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, P R China.
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5
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Mason CN, Shahar S, Beals KK, Kelley ST, Lipson DA, Swingley WD, Barber NA. Taxonomic and functional restoration of tallgrass prairie soil microbial communities in comparison to remnant and agricultural soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad120. [PMID: 37791391 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Restoring ecosystems requires the re-establishment of diverse soil microbial communities that drive critical ecosystem functions. In grasslands, restoration and management require the application of disturbances like fire and grazing. Disturbances can shape microbial taxonomic composition and potentially functional composition as well. We characterized taxonomic and functional gene composition of soil communities using whole genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing to determine how restored soil communities differed from pre-restoration agricultural soils and original remnant soils, how management affects soil microbes, and whether restoration and management affect the number of microbial genes associated with carbohydrate degradation. We found distinct differences in both taxonomic and functional diversity and composition among restored, remnant, and agricultural soils. Remnant soils had low taxonomic and functional richness and diversity, as well as distinct composition, indicating that restoration of agricultural soils does not re-create soil microbial communities that match remnants. Prescribed fire management increased functional diversity, which also was higher in more recently planted restorations. Finally, restored and post-fire soils included high abundances of genes encoding cellulose-degrading enzymes, so restorations and their ongoing management can potentially support functions important in carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayla N Mason
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Shayla Shahar
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Kendall K Beals
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Scott T Kelley
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - David A Lipson
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Wesley D Swingley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Nicholas A Barber
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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6
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Ci D, Qin F, Tang Z, Zhang G, Zhang J, Si T, Yang J, Xu Y, Yu T, Xu M, He K. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Restored the Saline-Alkali Soil and Promoted the Growth of Peanut Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3426. [PMID: 37836166 PMCID: PMC10574790 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and cash crop. An efficient utilization of saline-alkali soil resources, the development of peanut planting in saline-alkali soil, and obtaining high and stable yield have become urgent needs to ensure peanut production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been reported to develop the potential productivity of host plants and improve their salt resistance and tolerance. However, there is still limited research on promoting the growth and morphology of peanut roots. Therefore, in this study, seeds of salt-tolerant peanut variety "HY 25" were coated with commercial AMF inoculant before being planted in saline-alkali and normal soils to investigate the effects of AMF on peanut root growth and rhizosphere soil. The results showed that root morphological characteristics were significantly increased by the use of AMF at the podding stage in saline-alkali soil and from the flowering and pegging stage to the maturity stage in normal soil. Of note, the total root volume of peanut inoculated with AMF significantly increased by 31.57% during the podding stage in saline-alkali soil. Meanwhile, AMF significantly increased the phosphatase and invertase activities in the peanut rhizosphere of saline-alkali soil from the flowering stage to maturity stage and soil CAT activity at the maturity stage (41.16~48.82%). In normal soil, soil phosphatase and urease activities were enhanced by AMF at the flowering stage and the podding stage, respectively. AMF also increased the contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus, and hydrolysable nitrogen, but decreased soil EC in saline-alkali soil. In addition to the significant increase in soil available phosphorus content, AMF had no significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the soil and other soil nutrients in normal soil. AMF significantly increased pod biomass and yield in saline-alkali soil and normal soil, and improved their agronomic characteristics. In conclusion, peanut seeds coated with AMF improved the root morphological characteristics of peanuts and improved the physical and chemical properties in peanut rhizosphere, especially in saline-alkali soil. The process of rhizosphere soil nutrient transformation was also enhanced. Finally, AMF improved plant agronomic traits to increase the pod yield (16.5~21.9%). This study provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the application of AMF in peanut production in saline-alkali soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunwei Ci
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (D.C.); (F.Q.); (G.Z.); (Y.X.); (M.X.)
| | - Feifei Qin
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (D.C.); (F.Q.); (G.Z.); (Y.X.); (M.X.)
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (Z.T.); (J.Z.)
| | - Guanchu Zhang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (D.C.); (F.Q.); (G.Z.); (Y.X.); (M.X.)
| | - Jialei Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (Z.T.); (J.Z.)
| | - Tong Si
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Jishun Yang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (D.C.); (F.Q.); (G.Z.); (Y.X.); (M.X.)
| | - Yang Xu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (D.C.); (F.Q.); (G.Z.); (Y.X.); (M.X.)
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (D.C.); (F.Q.); (G.Z.); (Y.X.); (M.X.)
| | - Manlin Xu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (D.C.); (F.Q.); (G.Z.); (Y.X.); (M.X.)
| | - Kang He
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; (D.C.); (F.Q.); (G.Z.); (Y.X.); (M.X.)
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7
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Koziol L, Bever JD. Crop Productivity Boosters: Native Mycorrhizal Fungi from an Old-Growth Grassland Benefits Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) and Pepper ( Capsicum annuum) Varieties in Organically Farmed Soils. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2012. [PMID: 37630572 PMCID: PMC10457834 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the response of five tomato and five pepper varieties to native arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal inoculation in an organic farming system. The field experiment was conducted across a growing season at a working organic farm in Lawrence, KS, USA. The researchers hypothesized that native AM fungi inoculation would improve crop biomass production for both crop species, but that the magnitude of response would depend on crop cultivar. The results showed that both crops were significantly positively affected by inoculation. AM fungal inoculation consistently improved total pepper biomass throughout the experiment (range of +2% to +8% depending on the harvest date), with a +3.7% improvement at the final harvest for inoculated plants. An interaction between pepper variety and inoculation treatment was sometimes observed, indicating that some pepper varieties were more responsive to AM fungi than others. Beginning at the first harvest, tomatoes showed a consistent positive response to AM fungal inoculation among varieties. Across the experiment, AM fungi-inoculated tomatoes had +10% greater fruit biomass, which was driven by a +20% increase in fruit number. The study highlights the potential benefits of using native AM fungi as a soil amendment in organic farmed soils to improve pepper and tomato productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Koziol
- Kansas Biological Station and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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Braga JGB, de Novais CB, Diniz PP, da Silva Aragão OO, Saggin Júnior OJ, da Conceição Jesus E. Association of mycoheterotrophic Gentianaceae with specific Glomus lineages. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:249-256. [PMID: 37450045 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Some plant species took an alternative evolutionary pathway in which they lost their photosynthetic capacity to depend exclusively on carbon supplied by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in an association called mycoheterotrophy. Among them is Voyriella parviflora, a species of the family Gentianaceae, which is found in tropical regions such as the Amazon basin. Here, we assessed the identity of AMF symbionts associated with this species. DNA was isolated from eight Gentianaceae specimens and from litter and surrounding roots of photosynthetic plants. The atp1 gene was amplified by Sanger sequencing to determine the taxonomic affiliation of the mycoheterotrophic plants. A 280 bp region of the 18S rRNA gene of AMF was amplified with primers NS31/AML2 by high-throughput sequencing. The mycoheterotrophic specimens were assigned to V. parviflora with a bootstrap support of 72%. Glomus was the most abundant AMF genus, both in the mycoheterotrophic plants and in the litter and roots of photosynthetic plants. In addition, a few Glomus genotypes were abundantly enriched in the mycoheterotrophic plants, with only a few specimens colonized by Gigaspora, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora in a low proportion. These genotypes formed a cluster within a larger clade, suggesting that V. parviflora shows a preferential association with a narrow Glomus lineage which is not phylogenetically close to a previously identified V. parviflora's associated lineage. Furthermore, detecting fungi from other families suggests that V. parviflora is colonized by other genera, although with low frequency. These findings provide new insights into the association between AMF and mycoheterotrophic species and highlight the importance of considering trap culture-independent approaches in understanding this symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cândido Barreto de Novais
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brazil
- Scheffer & Cia, Sapezal, Mato Grosso, 78365-000, Brazil
| | | | - Osnar Obede da Silva Aragão
- Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37200-900
- Instituto Federal do Pará, Campus Breves, Breves, Pará, 68800-000, Brazil
| | | | - Ederson da Conceição Jesus
- Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37200-900.
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brazil.
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23891-000, Brazil.
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9
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Roy J, Reichel R, Brüggemann N, Rillig MC. Functional, not Taxonomic, Composition of Soil Fungi Reestablishes to Pre-mining Initial State After 52 Years of Recultivation. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:213-223. [PMID: 35821127 PMCID: PMC10293406 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02058-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Open-cast mining leads to the loss of naturally developed soils and their ecosystem functions and services. Soil restoration after mining aims to restore the agricultural productivity in which the functions of the fungal community play a crucial role. Whether fungi reach a comparable functional state as in the soil before mining within half a century of recultivation is still unanswered. Here, we characterised the soil fungal community using ITS amplicon Illumina sequencing across a 52-year chronosequence of agricultural recultivation after open-cast mining in northern Europe. Both taxonomic and functional community composition showed profound shifts over time, which could be attributed to the changes in nutrient status, especially phosphorus availability. However, taxonomic composition did not reach the pre-mining state, whereas functional composition did. Importantly, we identified a positive development of arbuscular mycorrhizal root fungal symbionts after the initial three years of alfalfa cultivation, followed by a decline after conversion to conventional farming, with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi being replaced by soil saprobes. We conclude that appropriate agricultural management can steer the fungal community to its functional pre-mining state despite stochasticity in the reestablishment of soil fungal communities. Nonetheless, conventional agricultural management results in the loss of plant symbionts, favouring non-symbiotic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Roy
- Institut Für Biologie, Ökologie Der Pflanzen, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Reichel
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Agrosphere (IBG-3), 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Agrosphere (IBG-3), 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut Für Biologie, Ökologie Der Pflanzen, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Li X, Zhao R, Li D, Wang G, Bei S, Ju X, An R, Li L, Kuyper TW, Christie P, Bender FS, Veen C, van der Heijden MGA, van der Putten WH, Zhang F, Butterbach-Bahl K, Zhang J. Mycorrhiza-mediated recruitment of complete denitrifying Pseudomonas reduces N 2O emissions from soil. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:45. [PMID: 36890606 PMCID: PMC9996866 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are key soil organisms and their extensive hyphae create a unique hyphosphere associated with microbes actively involved in N cycling. However, the underlying mechanisms how AMF and hyphae-associated microbes may cooperate to influence N2O emissions from "hot spot" residue patches remain unclear. Here we explored the key microbes in the hyphosphere involved in N2O production and consumption using amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Chemotaxis, growth and N2O emissions of isolated N2O-reducing bacteria in response to hyphal exudates were tested using in vitro cultures and inoculation experiments. RESULTS AMF hyphae reduced denitrification-derived N2O emission (max. 63%) in C- and N-rich residue patches. AMF consistently enhanced the abundance and expression of clade I nosZ gene, and inconsistently increased that of nirS and nirK genes. The reduction of N2O emissions in the hyphosphere was linked to N2O-reducing Pseudomonas specifically enriched by AMF, concurring with the increase in the relative abundance of the key genes involved in bacterial citrate cycle. Phenotypic characterization of the isolated complete denitrifying P. fluorescens strain JL1 (possessing clade I nosZ) indicated that the decline of net N2O emission was a result of upregulated nosZ expression in P. fluorescens following hyphal exudation (e.g. carboxylates). These findings were further validated by re-inoculating sterilized residue patches with P. fluorescens and by an 11-year-long field experiment showing significant positive correlation between hyphal length density with the abundance of clade I nosZ gene. CONCLUSIONS The cooperation between AMF and the N2O-reducing Pseudomonas residing on hyphae significantly reduce N2O emissions in the microsites. Carboxylates exuded by hyphae act as attractants in recruiting P. fluorescens and also as stimulants triggering nosZ gene expression. Our discovery indicates that reinforcing synergies between AMF and hyphosphere microbiome may provide unexplored opportunities to stimulate N2O consumption in nutrient-enriched microsites, and consequently reduce N2O emissions from soils. This knowledge opens novel avenues to exploit cross-kingdom microbial interactions for sustainable agriculture and for climate change mitigation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Agronomy and Life Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Ruotong Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guangzhou Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuikuan Bei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaotang Ju
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ran An
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Thomas W Kuyper
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Christie
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Franz S Bender
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
- Plant-Soil Interactions, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ciska Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO KNAW), Wageningen, NL-6700 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel G A van der Heijden
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
- Plant-Soil Interactions, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO KNAW), Wageningen, NL-6700 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- Pioneer Center Land-CRAFT, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Junling Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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11
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Horsch CCA, Antunes PM, Kallenbach CM. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities with contrasting life-history traits influence host nutrient acquisition. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:1-14. [PMID: 36595061 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Life-history traits differ substantially among arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal families, potentially affecting hyphal nutrient acquisition efficiency, host nutrition, and thereby plant health and ecosystem function. Despite these implications, AM fungal community life-history strategies and community trait diversity effects on host nutrient acquisition are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we grew sudangrass with AM fungal communities representing contrasting life-history traits and diversity: either (1) five species in the AM family Gigasporaceae, representing competitor traits, (2) five Glomerales species, representing ruderal traits, or (3) a mixed-trait community combining all ten AM fungal species. After 12 weeks, we measured above and belowground plant biomass and aboveground nutrient uptake and concentration. Overall, AM fungal colonization increased host nutrition, biomass, and foliar δ5nitrogen enrichment compared to the uncolonized control. Between the single-trait communities, the Glomeraceae community generally outperformed the Gigasporaceae community in host nutrition and plant growth, increasing plant phosphorus (P) uptake 1.5 times more than the Gigasporaceae community. We saw weak evidence for a synergistic effect of the mixed community, which was only higher for plant P concentration (1.26 times higher) and root colonization (1.26 times higher) compared to the single-trait communities. However, this higher P concentration did not translate to more P uptake or the highest plant biomass for the mixed community. These findings demonstrate that the AM symbiosis is affected by community differences at high taxonomic levels and provide insight into how different AM fungal communities and their associated traits affect host nutrition for fast-growing plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn C A Horsch
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Pedro M Antunes
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, 1520 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia M Kallenbach
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X3V9, Canada.
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12
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Tosi M, Ogilvie CM, Spagnoletti FN, Fournier S, Martin RC, Dunfield KE. Cover Crops Modulate the Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Water Supply: A Field Study in Corn. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12051015. [PMID: 36903877 PMCID: PMC10005079 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cover crops (CCs) were found to improve soil health by increasing plant diversity and ground cover. They may also improve water supply for cash crops by reducing evaporation and increasing soil water storage capacity. However, their influence on plant-associated microbial communities, including symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), is less well understood. In a corn field trial, we studied the response of AMF to a four-species winter CC, relative to a no-CC control, as well as to two contrasting water supply levels (i.e., drought and irrigated). We measured AMF colonization of corn roots and used Illumina MiSeq sequencing to study the composition and diversity of soil AMF communities at two depths (i.e., 0-10 and 10-20 cm). In this trial, AMF colonization was high (61-97%), and soil AMF communities were represented by 249 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) belonging to 5 genera and 33 virtual taxa. Glomus, followed by Claroideoglomus and Diversispora (class Glomeromycetes), were the dominant genera. Our results showed interacting effects between CC treatments and water supply levels for most of the measured variables. The percentage of AMF colonization, arbuscules, and vesicles tended to be lower in irrigated than drought sites, with significant differences detected only under no-CC. Similarly, soil AMF phylogenetic composition was affected by water supply only in the no-CC treatment. Changes in the abundance of individual virtual taxa also showed strong interacting effects between CCs, irrigation, and sometimes soil depth, although CC effects were clearer than irrigation effects. An exception to these interactions was soil AMF evenness, which was higher in CC than no-CC, and higher under drought than irrigation. Soil AMF richness was not affected by the applied treatments. Our results suggest that CCs can affect the structure of soil AMF communities and modulate their response to water availability levels, although soil heterogeneity could influence the final outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Tosi
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Cameron M. Ogilvie
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Federico N. Spagnoletti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Avda. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Sarah Fournier
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ralph C. Martin
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kari E. Dunfield
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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13
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The trade-in-trade: multifunctionalities, current market and challenges for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculants. Symbiosis 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-023-00905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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14
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Zhou J, Kuyper TW, Feng G. A trade-off between space exploration and mobilization of organic phosphorus through associated microbiomes enables niche differentiation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the same root. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023:10.1007/s11427-022-2261-1. [PMID: 36811801 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Ecology seeks to explain species coexistence, but experimental tests of mechanisms for coexistence are difficult to conduct. We synthesized an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community with three fungal species that differed in their capacity of foraging for orthophosphate (P) due to differences in soil exploration. We tested whether AM fungal species-specific hyphosphere bacterial assemblages recruited by hyphal exudates enabled differentiation among the fungi in the capacity of mobilizing soil organic P (Po). We found that the less efficient space explorer, Gigaspora margarita, obtained less 13C from the plant, whereas it had higher efficiencies in Po mobilization and alkaline phosphatase (AlPase) production per unit C than the two efficient space explorers, Rhizophagusintraradices and Funneliformis mosseae. Each AM fungus was associated with a distinct alp gene harboring bacterial assemblage, and the alp gene abundance and Po preference of the microbiome associated with the less efficient space explorer were higher than those of the two other species. We conclude that the traits of AM fungal associated bacterial consortia cause niche differentiation. The trade-off between foraging ability and the ability to recruit effective Po mobilizing microbiomes is a mechanism that allows co-existence of AM fungal species in a single plant root and surrounding soil habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Thomas W Kuyper
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Gu Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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15
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Tan Q, Guo Q, Wei R, Zhu G, Du C, Hu H. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on bioaccumulation and bioavailability of As and Cd: A meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120619. [PMID: 36403873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing industrial activity has led to a growing risk of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) accumulations and biomagnifications in plants and humans. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been extensively studied as a soil amendment owing to their capability to reduce the accumulation of As and Cd in plant tissues. However, a quantitative and data-based consensus has yet to be reached on the effect of AMF on As and Cd bioaccumulation and bioavailability. Here, a meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the impact of AMF using 1430 individual observations from 194 articles. The results showed that AMF inoculation caused a decrease in shoot and root As and Cd accumulation compared to control, and the reduction rates were affected by experimental duration, P fertilizer, AMF species, plant family, plant lifecycle, and soil properties. Intermediate experimental duration (lasting 56-112 days) and no P fertilizer favored AMF to reduce the shoot As and root Cd accumulation. Compared to other plant families, the reduction in As and Cd accumulation in legumes was the greatest, following AMF inoculation. The soils with alkaline, high organic carbon (OC), and low available phosphorus (AP) appeared to be more favorable for AMF to reduce As accumulation in plant tissues, while soils with low AP were more conducive to reducing the Cd accumulation in plant tissues. In addition, AMF inoculation increased pH (1.92%), OC (6.27%), easily-extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EE-GRSP) (29.36%), and total glomalin-related soil protein (T-GRSP) (29.99%), and reduced bioavailable As (0.52%) and Cd (2.35%) in soils compared to control. Overall, the meta-analysis provides valuable guidelines for the optimal use of AMF in different plant-soil systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Tan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Qingjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Rongfei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Guangxu Zhu
- College of Biology and Environment Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China.
| | - Chenjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Huiying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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16
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Moukarzel R, Ridgway HJ, Waller L, Guerin-Laguette A, Cripps-Guazzone N, Jones EE. Soil Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities Differentially Affect Growth and Nutrient Uptake by Grapevine Rootstocks. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02160-z. [PMID: 36538089 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) deliver potentially significant services in sustainable agricultural ecosystems, yet we still lack evidence showing how AMF abundance and/or community composition can benefit crops. In this study, we manipulated AMF communities in grapevine rootstock and measured plant growth and physiological responses. Glasshouse experiments were set up to determine the interaction between rootstock variety and different AMF communities, using AMF communities originating under their own (i.e., "home") soil and other rootstocks' (i.e., "away") soil. The results revealed that specific AMF communities had differential effects on grapevine rootstock growth and nutrient uptake. It was demonstrated that a rootstock generally performed better in the presence of its own AMF community. This study also showed that AMF spore diversity and the relative abundance of certain species is an important factor as, when present in equal abundance, competition between species was indicated to occur, resulting in a reduction in the positive growth outcomes. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the communities with some AMF communities increasing plant growth and nutrient uptake compared with others. The outcomes also demonstrated that some AMF communities indirectly influenced the chlorophyll content in grapevine leaves through the increase of specific nutrients such as K, Mn, and Zn. The findings also indicated that some AMF species may deliver particular benefits to grapevine plants. This work has provided an improved understanding of community level AMF-grapevine interaction and delivered an increased knowledge of the ecosystem services they provide which will benefit the wine growers and the viticulture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Moukarzel
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand.
| | - Hayley J Ridgway
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
- Plant & Food Research, Canterbury Agriculture & Science Centre, Gerald St, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Lauren Waller
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | | | - Natalia Cripps-Guazzone
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - E Eirian Jones
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
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17
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Rhizophagus irregularis and Azotobacter chroococcum Uphold Eggplant Production and Quality under Low Fertilization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb13040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are essential parts of soil and play an important role in mediating many processes and influencing plant health. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB), the most common of such microorganisms, can benefit plants by enhancing the nutrient-absorbing ability of roots through bio-inoculation, also called biofertilization. Different methods have been tested and proven to be effective in the enhancement of soil nutrient availability. However, the effects of increased application of biological methods with minimal chemical fertilizers are still inconsistent. In this 2-year of fixed-point greenhouse test, we aimed to evaluate the impact of AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis) and/or NFB (Azotobacter) on growth, quality, and yield of eggplants under different N levels. Data showed that biofertilizer application with reduced chemical fertilizer had the highest impact on eggplant performance and yield. Indeed, low chemical fertilizers combined with adequate amounts of biofertilizers produced a higher plant height, length and width of leaves, dry matter, number of fruits per plant with better morphology, total yield per plant, and total soluble solids (TSS), suggesting that the use of Azotobacter and R. irregularis as biofertilizers could substantially reduce the use of chemical fertilizers without impairing the quality and yield of eggplant.
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18
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Řezáčová V, Řezáč M, Wilson GWT, Michalová T. Arbuscular mycorrhiza can be disadvantageous for weedy annuals in competition with paired perennial plants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20703. [PMID: 36456609 PMCID: PMC9715701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can support the establishment of mycotrophic plants in new environments. However, the role of mycorrhizal symbiosis in interactions between perennial and weedy annual plants is not well understood. In our current study, we examine how widespread generalist AM fungi and soil disturbance, including disturbance of AM fungal networks (CMNs), affect the performance of two late-successional perennial plants of Central Europe, Senecio jacobaea and Crepis biennis, co-occurring with weedy annual forbs, Conyza canadensis and Erigeron annuus. Although presence of weedy annual E. annuus or C. canadensis did not affect the performance of the paired perennials, AM fungi supported perennial C. biennis in competition with weedy annual E. annuus. However, this AM-aided underpinning was independent of disturbance of CMNs. Conversely, although AM fungi benefited perennial S. jacobaea, this did not affect its competitive abilities when grown with weedy annual C. canadensis. Similarly, soil disturbance, independent of AM fungal presence, improved plant tissue P and biomass production of S. jacobaea, but not its competitive abilities. Our results show AM fungi may be advantageous for perennial plants growing in competition with weedy annual plants. Therefore, maintaining healthy soils containing an abundance of AM fungi, may encourage late successional perennial plants, potentially limiting establishment of weedy annual plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Řezáčová
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic ,grid.417626.00000 0001 2187 627XCrop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Řezáč
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic ,grid.417626.00000 0001 2187 627XCrop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Gail W. T. Wilson
- grid.65519.3e0000 0001 0721 7331Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK USA
| | - Tereza Michalová
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Arbuscular mycorrhiza alters the nutritional requirements in Salvia miltiorrhiza and low nitrogen enhances the mycorrhizal efficiency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19633. [PMID: 36385104 PMCID: PMC9668911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (danshen in Chinese) is one of the most important medicinal cash crops in China. Previously, we showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote S. miltiorrhiza growth and the accumulation of bioactive compounds. Fertilization may affect mycorrhizal efficiency, and appropriate doses of phosphate (P) and nitrogen (N) fertilizers are key factors for obtaining mycorrhizal benefits. However, the optimal fertilization amount for mycorrhizal S. miltiorrhiza remains unclear. In this study, we studied the effects of AMF on the growth and bioactive compounds of S. miltiorrhiza under different doses (low, medium, and high) of P and N fertilizer. The results showed that the mycorrhizal growth response (MGR) and mycorrhizal response of bioactive compounds (MBC) decreased gradually with increasing P addition. Application of a low (N25) dose of N fertilizer significantly increased the MGR of mycorrhizal S. miltiorrhiza, and a medium (N50) dose of N fertilizer significantly increased the MBC of phenolic acids, but decreased the MBC of tanshinones. Our results also showed that the existence of arbuscular mycorrhiza changes nutrient requirement pattern of S. miltiorrhiza. P is the limiting nutrient of non-mycorrhizal plants whereas N is the limiting nutrient of mycorrhizal plants.
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20
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Fox A, Widmer F, Lüscher A. Soil microbial community structures are shaped by agricultural systems revealing little temporal variation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113915. [PMID: 35940233 PMCID: PMC9492858 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many studies in soil microbial ecology are undertaken with a single sampling event, with the influence of temporal progression rarely being considered. Under field conditions, soil samples were taken from different agricultural systems; a sown grassland to maize rotation (MC), an intensively managed permanent grassland (INT), as well as extensively managed permanent grasslands with high (EXT_HP), low to sufficient (EXT_LP) and deficient available P (EXT_DP), six times throughout the 2017 growing season. Thus, this study aimed to determine if any differences in soil microbiome structures between both sharply contrasting (MC - INT - EXT), slightly differing (EXT_HP - EXT_DP) and quite similar (EXT_HP - EXT_LP and EXT_LP - EXT_DP) agricultural systems persist through changing growth conditions within the growing season. For both fungal and bacterial community structure, the influence of agricultural system (CV = 0.256, P < 0.001 and CV = 0.145, P < 0.01, respectively) was much greater than that of temporal progression (√CV = 0.065 and 0.042, respectively, both P < 0.001). Importantly, nearly all agricultural systems persistently harbored significantly distinct fungal community structures across each of the six sampling events (all at least P < 0.05). There were not as many pairwise differences in bacterial community structure between the agricultural systems, but some did persist (MC and EXT_HP ∼ EXT_DP, all P < 0.001). Additionally, persistent indicator fungal OTUs (IndVal >0.7, P ≤ 0.05) associated to each agricultural system (except EXT_LP) were found in each of the six sampling events. These results highlight the temporal stability of pairwise differences in soil microbiome structures between established agricultural systems through changing plant growth conditions, even between those with a comparable management regime. This is a highly relevant finding in informing the sampling strategy of studies in soil microbial ecology as well as for designing efficient soil biodiversity monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fox
- Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland; Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Widmer
- Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Lüscher
- Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Faggioli VS, Covacevich F, Grilli G, Lorenzon C, Aimetta B, Sagadin M, Langarica-Fuentes A, Cabello MN. Environmental response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under soybean cultivation at a regional scale. MYCORRHIZA 2022; 32:425-438. [PMID: 36207539 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, the shortage of fertilizers and reduced land for cultivation have drawn attention to the potential aid provided by soil-borne organisms. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) offer a wide range of ecosystem benefits and hence, understanding the mechanisms that control AMF occurrence and maintenance is essential for resilient crop production. We conducted a survey of 123 soybean fields located across a 75,000-km2 area of Argentina to explore AMF community composition and to quantify the impact of soil, climate, and geographical distance on these key soil organisms. First, based upon morphological identification of spores, we compiled a list of the AMF species found in the studied area and identified Acaulospora scrobiculata and Glomus fuegianum as the most frequent species. G. fuegianum abundance was negatively correlated with precipitation seasonality and positively correlated with mean annual precipitation as well as mycorrhizal colonisation of soybean roots. Second, we observed that species richness was negatively correlated with soil P availability (Bray I), clay content and mean annual precipitation. Finally, based on partitioning variation analysis, we found that AMF exhibited spatial patterning at a broad scale. Therefore, we infer that geographical distance was positively associated with spore community composition heterogeneity across the region. Nevertheless, we highlight the importance of precipitation sensitivity of frequent species, overall AMF richness and community composition, revealing a crucial challenge to forthcoming agriculture considering an expected change in global climate patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Soledad Faggioli
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, EEA Marcos Juárez, Ruta 12 km 36, 2580, Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Fernanda Covacevich
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad Y Biotecnología (CONICET)-Fundación Para Las Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas, Ruta 226 km 73.5, 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Grilli
- FCEFyN (CONICET, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CC 495, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudio Lorenzon
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, EEA Marcos Juárez, Ruta 12 km 36, 2580, Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Bethania Aimetta
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, EEA Marcos Juárez, Ruta 12 km 36, 2580, Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Monica Sagadin
- Centro de Investigación Agropecuaria (CIAP), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Fisiología Y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), CONICET, Camino 60 Cuadras km, 51/2 C.P. 5119, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adrián Langarica-Fuentes
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marta Noemí Cabello
- Instituto Spegazzini (Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Y Museo, UNLP), Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de La Prov. de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), Av 53 # 477, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
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22
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Debray R, Socolar Y, Kaulbach G, Guzman A, Hernandez CA, Curley R, Dhond A, Bowles T, Koskella B. Water stress and disruption of mycorrhizas induce parallel shifts in phyllosphere microbiome composition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:2018-2031. [PMID: 34668201 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water and nutrient acquisition are key drivers of plant health and ecosystem function. These factors impact plant physiology directly as well as indirectly through soil- and root-associated microbial responses, but how they in turn affect aboveground plant-microbe interactions are not known. Through experimental manipulations in the field and growth chamber, we examine the interacting effects of water stress, soil fertility, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on bacterial and fungal communities of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) phyllosphere. Both water stress and mycorrhizal disruption reduced leaf bacterial richness, homogenized bacterial community composition among plants, and reduced the relative abundance of dominant fungal taxa. We observed striking parallelism in the individual microbial taxa in the phyllosphere affected by irrigation and mycorrhizal associations. Our results show that soil conditions and belowground interactions can shape aboveground microbial communities, with important potential implications for plant health and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Debray
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yvonne Socolar
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Griffin Kaulbach
- Department of Environmental Studies, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, 19041, USA
| | - Aidee Guzman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Catherine A Hernandez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Rose Curley
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alexander Dhond
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Timothy Bowles
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Britt Koskella
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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23
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Insights into the beneficial roles of dark septate endophytes in plants under challenging environment: resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:79. [PMID: 35332399 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dark septate endophytes (DSE) exert a plethora of effects in regulating plant growth, signalling and stress tolerance. The advent of metagenomics has led to the identification of various species of DSE to be associated with plant organs. They are known to modulate growth, nutrient uptake, phytohormone biosynthesis and production of active bioconstituents in several plants. The interactions between the DSE and host plants are mostly mutualistic but they can also be neutral or exhibit negative interactions. The DSE has beneficial role in removal/sequestration of toxic heavy metals from various environmental sites. Here, we discuss the beneficial role of DSE in enhancing plant tolerance to heavy metal stress, drought conditions, high salinity and protection from various plant pathogens. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of stress resilience facilitated by DSE-plant interaction has also been discussed. The article also provides insights to some important future perspectives associated with DSE-mediated phytoremediation and reclamation of polluted land worldwide thus facilitating sustainable agriculture.
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24
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Kreitzman M, Eyster H, Mitchell M, Czajewska A, Keeley K, Smukler S, Sullivan N, Verster A, Chan KMA. Woody perennial polycultures in the U.S. Midwest enhance biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Kreitzman
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability University of British Columbia 429‐2202 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Harold Eyster
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability University of British Columbia 429‐2202 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Matthew Mitchell
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems University of British Columbia 2357 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Aldona Czajewska
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability University of British Columbia 429‐2202 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems University of British Columbia 2357 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Keefe Keeley
- Savanna Institute 1360 Regent Street Madison Wisconsin 53715 USA
- Gaylord Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies University of Wisconsin‐Madison 550 North Park Street Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Sean Smukler
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems University of British Columbia 2357 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Noah Sullivan
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability University of British Columbia 429‐2202 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Adrian Verster
- Biostatistics and Modeling Division Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration Food Directorate, Health Canada 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway Ottawa Ontario K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Kai M. A. Chan
- Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability University of British Columbia 429‐2202 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
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25
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Ambrosino ML, Velázquez MS, Ontivero E, Cabello MN, Lugo MA. Communities of Glomeromycota in the Argentine Arid Diagonal: An Approach from Their Ecological Role in Grassland Management and Use. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12994-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Nouri E, Surve R, Bapaume L, Stumpe M, Chen M, Zhang Y, Ruyter-Spira C, Bouwmeester H, Glauser G, Bruisson S, Reinhardt D. Phosphate Suppression of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Involves Gibberellic Acid Signaling. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:959-970. [PMID: 34037236 PMCID: PMC8504448 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants entertain a mutualistic symbiosis known as arbuscular mycorrhiza with fungi (Glomeromycota) that provide them with essential mineral nutrients, in particular phosphate (Pi), and protect them from biotic and abiotic stress. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis increases plant productivity and biodiversity and is therefore relevant for both natural plant communities and crop production. However, AM fungal populations suffer from intense farming practices in agricultural soils, in particular Pi fertilization. The dilemma between natural fertilization from AM symbiosis and chemical fertilization has raised major concern and emphasizes the need to better understand the mechanisms by which Pi suppresses AM symbiosis. Here, we test the hypothesis that Pi may interfere with AM symbiosis via the phytohormone gibberellic acid (GA) in the Solanaceous model systems Petunia hybrida and Nicotiana tabacum. Indeed, we find that GA is inhibitory to AM symbiosis and that Pi may cause GA levels to increase in mycorrhizal roots. Consistent with a role of endogenous GA as an inhibitor of AM development, GA-defective N. tabacum lines expressing a GA-metabolizing enzyme (GA methyltransferase-GAMT) are colonized more quickly by the AM fungus Rhizoglomus irregulare, and exogenous Pi is less effective in inhibiting AM colonization in these lines. Systematic gene expression analysis of GA-related genes reveals a complex picture, in which GA degradation by GA2 oxidase plays a prominent role. These findings reveal potential targets for crop breeding that could reduce Pi suppression of AM symbiosis, thereby reconciling the advantages of Pi fertilization with the diverse benefits of AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Nouri
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rte Albert Gockel 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Rohini Surve
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rte Albert Gockel 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laure Bapaume
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rte Albert Gockel 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stumpe
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rte Albert Gockel 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rte Albert Gockel 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yunmeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Ruyter-Spira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gaëtan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Bruisson
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rte Albert Gockel 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Didier Reinhardt
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Rte Albert Gockel 3, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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27
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Mauger S, Ricono C, Mony C, Chable V, Serpolay E, Biget M, Vandenkoornhuyse P. Differentiation of endospheric microbiota in ancient and modern wheat cultivar roots. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:235-248. [PMID: 37284513 PMCID: PMC10168034 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Modern plant breeding and agrosystems artificialization could have altered plants' ability to filter and recruit beneficial microorganisms in its microbiota. Thus, compared to modern cultivars, we hypothesized that root-endosphere microbiota in modern wheat cultivars are less resistant to colonization by fungi and bacteria and thus more susceptible to also recruit more pathogens. We used an in-field experimental design including six wheat varieties (three ancient vs. three modern) grown in monoculture and in mixture (three replicates each). Endospheric microbiota of wheat roots were analyzed on four individuals sampled randomly in each plot. Composition-based clustering of sequences was then characterized from amplicon mass-sequencing. We show that the bacterial and fungal microbiota composition in wheat roots differed between ancient and modern wheat cultivar categories. However, the responses observed varied with the group considered. Modern cultivars harbored higher richness of bacterial and fungal pathogens than ancient cultivars. Both cultivar types displayed specific indicator species. A synergistic effect was identified in mixtures of modern cultivars with a higher root endospheric mycobiota richness than expected from a null model. The present study shows the effect of plant breeding on the microbiota associated plant roots. The results call for making a diagnosis of the cultivar's endospheric-microbiota composition. These new results also suggest the importance of a holobiont-vision while considering plant selection in crops and call for better integration of symbiosis in the development of next-generation agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Mauger
- Université de Rennes 1CNRSUMR6553 ECOBIORennes CedexFrance
| | - Claire Ricono
- Université de Rennes 1CNRSUMR6553 ECOBIORennes CedexFrance
| | - Cendrine Mony
- Université de Rennes 1CNRSUMR6553 ECOBIORennes CedexFrance
| | | | | | - Marine Biget
- Université de Rennes 1CNRSUMR6553 ECOBIORennes CedexFrance
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28
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Roy J, van Duijnen R, Leifheit EF, Mbedi S, Temperton VM, Rillig MC. Legacy effects of pre-crop plant functional group on fungal root symbionts of barley. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02378. [PMID: 33988274 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, a group of widespread fungal symbionts of crops, could be important in driving crop yield across crop rotations through plant-soil feedbacks (PSF). However, whether preceding crops have a legacy effect on the AM fungi of the subsequent crop is poorly known. We set up an outdoor mesocosm crop rotation experiment that consisted of a first phase growing either one of four pre-crops establishing AM and/or rhizobial symbiosis or not (spring barley, faba bean, lupine, canola), followed by an AM crop, winter barley. After the pre-crop harvest, carbon-rich organic substrates were applied to test whether it attenuated, accentuated or modified the effect of pre-crops. The pre-crop mycorrhizal status, but not its rhizobial status, affected the richness and composition of AM fungi, and this difference, in particular community composition, persisted and increased in the roots of winter barley. The effect of a pre-crop was driven by its single symbiotic group, not its mixed symbiotic group and/or by a crop-species-specific effect. This demonstrates that the pre-crop symbiotic group has lasting legacy effects on the AM fungal communities and may steer the AM fungal community succession across rotation phases. This effect was accentuated by sawdust amendment, but not wheat straw. Based on the previous observation of decreased crop yield after AM pre-crops, our findings suggest negative PSF at the level of the plant symbiotic group driven by a legacy effect of crop rotation history on AM fungal communities, and that a focus on crop symbiotic group offers additional understanding of PSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Roy
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | | | - Eva F Leifheit
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Susan Mbedi
- Naturkundemuseum Berlin, Berlin, 10115, Germany
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Reseach, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Vicky M Temperton
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
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29
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Drought Influences Fungal Community Dynamics in the Grapevine Rhizosphere and Root Microbiome. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090686. [PMID: 34575724 PMCID: PMC8468433 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant roots support complex microbial communities that can influence nutrition, plant growth, and health. In grapevine, little is known about the impact of abiotic stresses on the belowground microbiome. In this study, we examined the drought-induced shifts in fungal composition in the root endosphere, the rhizosphere and bulk soil by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTAS). We imposed three irrigation regimes (100%, 50%, and 25% of the field capacity) to one-year old grapevine rootstock plants cv. SO4 when plants had developed 2–3 roots. Root endosphere, rhizosphere, and bulk soil samples were collected 6- and 12-months post-plantation. Drought significantly modified the overall fungal composition of all three compartments, with the root endosphere compartment showing the greatest divergence from well-watered control (100%). The overall response of the fungal microbiota associated with black-foot disease (Dactylonectria and “Cylindrocarpon” genera) and the potential biocontrol agent Trichoderma to drought stress was consistent across compartments, namely that their relative abundances were significantly higher at 50–100% than at 25% irrigation regime. We identified a significant enrichment in several fungal genera such as the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis during drought at 25% watering regime within the roots. Our results reveal that drought stress, in addition to its well-characterized effects on plant physiology, also results in the restructuring of grapevine root microbial communities, and suggest the possibility that members of the altered grapevine microbiota might contribute to plant survival under extreme environmental conditions.
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30
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Differential Responses of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities to Long-Term Fertilization in the Wheat Rhizosphere and Root Endosphere. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0034921. [PMID: 34160265 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00349-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide essential nutrients to crops and are critically impacted by fertilization in agricultural ecosystems. Understanding shifts in AMF communities in and around crop roots under different fertilization regimes can provide important lessons for improving agricultural production and sustainability. Here, we compared the responses of AMF communities in the rhizosphere (RS) and root endosphere (ES) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to different fertilization treatments, nonfertilization (control), mineral fertilization only (NPK), mineral fertilization plus wheat straw (NPKS), and mineral fertilization plus cow manure (NPKM). We employed high-throughput amplicon sequencing and investigated the diversity, community composition, and network structure of AMF communities to assess their responses to fertilization. Our results elucidated that AMF communities in the RS and ES respond differently to fertilization schemes. Long-term NPK application decreased the RS AMF alpha diversity significantly, whereas additional organic amendments (straw or manure) had no effect. In contrast, NPK fertilization increased the ES AMF alpha diversity significantly, while additional organic amendments decreased it significantly. The effect of different fertilization schemes on AMF network complexity in the RS and ES were similar to their effects on alpha diversity. Changes to AMF communities in the RS and ES correlated mainly with the pH and phosphorus level of the rhizosphere soil under long-term inorganic and organic fertilization regimes. We suggest that the AMF community in the roots should be given more consideration when studying the effects of fertilization regimes on AMF in agroecosystems. IMPORTANCE Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are an integral component of rhizospheres, bridging the soil and plant systems and are highly sensitive to fertilization. However, surprisingly little is known about how the response differs between the roots and the surrounding soil. Decreasing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity under fertilization has been reported, implying a potential reduction in the mutualism between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, we found opposing responses to long-term fertilization managements of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the wheat roots and rhizosphere soil. These results suggested that changes in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in soils do not reflect those in the roots, highlighting that the root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community is pertinent to understand arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their crop hosts' responses to anthropogenic influences.
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31
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Quiza L, Tremblay J, Greer CW, Hemmingsen SM, St-Arnaud M, Pozniak CJ, Yergeau E. Rhizosphere shotgun metagenomic analyses fail to show differences between ancestral and modern wheat genotypes grown under low fertilizer inputs. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6279035. [PMID: 34014265 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is thought that modern wheat genotypes have lost their capacity to associate with soil microbes that would help them acquire nutrients from the soil. To test this hypothesis, ten ancestral and modern wheat genotypes were seeded in a field experiment under low fertilization conditions. The rhizosphere soil was collected, its DNA extracted and submitted to shotgun metagenomic sequencing. In contrast to our hypothesis, there was no significant difference in the global rhizosphere metagenomes of the different genotypes, and this held true when focusing the analyses on specific taxonomic or functional categories of genes. Some genes were significantly more abundant in the rhizosphere of one genotype or another, but they comprised only a small portion of the total genes identified and did not affect the global rhizosphere metagenomes. Our study shows for the first time that the rhizosphere metagenome of wheat is stable across a wide variety of genotypes when growing under nutrient poor conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Quiza
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Julien Tremblay
- Energy, Mining, and Environment, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave., Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Charles W Greer
- Energy, Mining, and Environment, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave., Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Sean M Hemmingsen
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Marc St-Arnaud
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Curtis J Pozniak
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Etienne Yergeau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
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32
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De Bauw P, Birindwa D, Merckx R, Boeraeve M, Munyahali W, Peeters G, Bolaji T, Honnay O. Improved genotypes and fertilizers, not fallow duration, increase cassava yields without compromising arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus richness or diversity. MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:483-496. [PMID: 34173082 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-021-01039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous in agroecosystems, but their role in mediating agricultural yield remains contested. Field experiments testing effects of realistic agronomic practices of intensification on AM fungus composition and yields are scarce, especially in the low-input systems of sub-Saharan Africa. A large, full-factorial field experiment was conducted in South-Kivu (DR Congo), testing effects of fallow duration (6 vs. 12 months), genotype (landrace vs. improved), and fertilizer management (control vs. five combinations omitting N, P, K, and/or secondary macro- and micronutrients) on yields of cassava, an important staple crop strongly colonized by AMF. Furthermore, we used DNA-metabarcoding to evaluate effects of these agronomic practices on the AM fungal communities on the roots. The shorter fallow duration strongly increased diversity and richness of AMF, but this did not correspond with increased yields. Cassava yield was mainly determined by genotype, being largest for the improved genotype, which coincided with a significantly higher sum of AM fungal sequences. Effects of fertilizer or genotype on community composition were minor to absent. We found no evidence that increased AMF richness and diversity enhanced cassava yields. In contrast, the use of the improved genotype and mineral fertilizers strongly benefitted yields, without compromising richness or diversity of AMF. Cassava-AMF associations in this work appear robust to fertilizer amendments and modern genotype improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieterjan De Bauw
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division Soil and Water Management, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 20-3001, Leuven, KU, Belgium.
| | - Damas Birindwa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division Soil and Water Management, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 20-3001, Leuven, KU, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Roel Merckx
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division Soil and Water Management, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 20-3001, Leuven, KU, Belgium
| | - Margaux Boeraeve
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wivine Munyahali
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Gerrit Peeters
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thanni Bolaji
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Guzman A, Montes M, Hutchins L, DeLaCerda G, Yang P, Kakouridis A, Dahlquist‐Willard RM, Firestone MK, Bowles T, Kremen C. Crop diversity enriches arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in an intensive agricultural landscape. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:447-459. [PMID: 33638170 PMCID: PMC9292320 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are keystone symbionts of agricultural soils but agricultural intensification has negatively impacted AMF communities. Increasing crop diversity could ameliorate some of these impacts by positively affecting AMF. However, the underlying relationship between plant diversity and AMF community composition has not been fully resolved. We examined how greater crop diversity affected AMF across farms in an intensive agricultural landscape, defined by high nutrient input, low crop diversity and high tillage frequency. We assessed AMF communities across 31 field sites that were either monocultures or polycultures (growing > 20 different crop types) in three ways: richness, diversity and composition. We also determined root colonization across these sites. We found that polycultures drive the available AMF community into richer and more diverse communities while soil properties structure AMF community composition. AMF root colonization did not vary by farm management (monocultures vs polycultures), but did vary by crop host. We demonstrate that crop diversity enriches AMF communities, counteracting the negative effects of agricultural intensification on AMF, providing the potential to increase agroecosystem functioning and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidee Guzman
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Marisol Montes
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Leslie Hutchins
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Gisel DeLaCerda
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Paula Yang
- Department of BiologyCalifornia State University, FresnoFresnoCA93740USA
| | - Anne Kakouridis
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | | | - Mary K. Firestone
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Timothy Bowles
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Claire Kremen
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Institute for Resources, Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
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Meyer E, Betancur-Agudelo M, Ventura BS, Dos Anjos KG, do Scarsanella JA, Vieira AS, Mendes L, Stoffel SCG, Munarini A, Soares CRFS, Lovato PE. Mycorrhizal root colonization in maize fields is more affected by soil management and climate conditions than by plant genotype. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4609-4618. [PMID: 34165624 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to characterize the arbuscular mycorrhizal association between maize genotypes and the effects of soil physical-chemical attributes on the symbiosis. A preliminary greenhouse assay evaluated five maize landraces and five conventional modern genotypes in non-sterile, low-P soil. Sixty days after sowing, we measured plant height, stem diameter, shoot and root dry biomass, root colonization structures, and shoot P concentration and total accumulation. In a second stage, a 2-year on-farm study evaluated how soil physical-chemical attributes in fields with three plant genotype groups affected the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal symbiosis in a maize diversity microcenter in Southern Brazil. We collected soil and plant material in farms growing landrace, conventional modern genotypes, or genetically modified (GM) maize. There were five collection points at each group, and we measured mycorrhizal colonization, soil physicochemical attributes, and shoot phosphorus concentration. The greenhouse study showed that genotypes have different growth strategies for root production and shoot growth. No differences in mycorrhizal colonization rates occurred among landraces and modern maize genotypes in the low-P soil. The field study showed that soil and climate conditions had a more marked effect on mycorrhizal root colonization than plant genotype groups (landrace, conventional modern genotypes, or GM maize).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edenilson Meyer
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
| | - Marcelo Betancur-Agudelo
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Bárbara Santos Ventura
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Karina Goulart Dos Anjos
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Juliana Amaral do Scarsanella
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - André Steiner Vieira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Lucas Mendes
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Shantau Camargo Gomes Stoffel
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Anderson Munarini
- Departamento de Fitotecnia - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Cláudio Roberto Fonseca Sousa Soares
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia - Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Paulo Emílio Lovato
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Centro de Ciências Agrarias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
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Alaux PL, Mison C, Senés-Guerrero C, Moreau V, Manssens G, Foucart G, Cranenbrouck S, Declerck S. Diversity and species composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi across maize fields in the southern part of Belgium. MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:265-272. [PMID: 33211191 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-01007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are key actors among soil microbial inhabitants, forming beneficial associations with most horticultural plants and crops (e.g., maize). For maize, the world most cultivated cereal, data on AMF species diversity in fields is sparse and even totally nonexistent in the southern part of Belgium where maize represents 8% of the cultivated area. In the present study, 14 maize fields in South Belgium under conventional, conversion, or organic management were analyzed for AMF diversity and species composition using 454 pyrosequencing. A large part (54%) of the 49 AMF species observed were unknown or have not been described in the literature. AMF diversity highly varied among fields, with the number of species ranging between 1 and 37 according to the field. A statistically significant effect of management was measured on AMF diversity, with the highest Hill index values (diversity and richness) under the organic management system compared with conventional management or conversion. Our results suggest a positive effects of organic management on AMF diversity in maize. They also highlight the rather high diversity or richness of AMF and the large portion of sequences not yet ascribed to species, thereby emphasizing a need to intensify AMF identification in cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Louis Alaux
- Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Coralie Mison
- Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Carolina Senés-Guerrero
- Escuela de Ingeniería Y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, General Ramón Corona 2514, 45138, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Virginie Moreau
- Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gilles Manssens
- Centre Indépendant de Promotion Fourragère (CIPF), Croix du Sud, 2 L7.05.11, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Guy Foucart
- Centre Indépendant de Promotion Fourragère (CIPF), Croix du Sud, 2 L7.05.11, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Cranenbrouck
- Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Mycothèque de L'Université Catholique de Louvain (BCCM/MUCL), Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.06, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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36
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Johnson NC, Gibson KS. Understanding Multilevel Selection May Facilitate Management of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Sustainable Agroecosystems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:627345. [PMID: 33574827 PMCID: PMC7870699 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.627345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies in natural ecosystems show that adaptation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and other microbial plant symbionts to local environmental conditions can help ameliorate stress and optimize plant fitness. This local adaptation arises from the process of multilevel selection, which is the simultaneous selection of a hierarchy of groups. Studies of multilevel selection in natural ecosystems may inform the creation of sustainable agroecosystems through developing strategies to effectively manage crop microbiomes including AM symbioses. Field experiments show that the species composition of AM fungal communities varies across environmental gradients, and that the biomass of AM fungi and their benefits for plants generally diminish when fertilization and irrigation eliminate nutrient and water limitations. Furthermore, pathogen protection by mycorrhizas is only important in environments prone to plant damage due to pathogens. Consequently, certain agricultural practices may inadvertently select for less beneficial root symbioses because the conventional agricultural practices of fertilization, irrigation, and use of pesticides can make these symbioses superfluous for optimizing crop performance. The purpose of this paper is to examine how multilevel selection influences the flow of matter, energy, and genetic information through mycorrhizal microbiomes in natural and agricultural ecosystems, and propose testable hypotheses about how mycorrhizae may be actively managed to increase agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Collins Johnson
- School of Earth & Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Kara Skye Gibson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
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Bourke PM, Evers JB, Bijma P, van Apeldoorn DF, Smulders MJM, Kuyper TW, Mommer L, Bonnema G. Breeding Beyond Monoculture: Putting the "Intercrop" Into Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734167. [PMID: 34868116 PMCID: PMC8636715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping is both a well-established and yet novel agricultural practice, depending on one's perspective. Such perspectives are principally governed by geographic location and whether monocultural practices predominate. Given the negative environmental effects of monoculture agriculture (loss of biodiversity, reliance on non-renewable inputs, soil degradation, etc.), there has been a renewed interest in cropping systems that can reduce the impact of modern agriculture while maintaining (or even increasing) yields. Intercropping is one of the most promising practices in this regard, yet faces a multitude of challenges if it is to compete with and ultimately replace the prevailing monocultural norm. These challenges include the necessity for more complex agricultural designs in space and time, bespoke machinery, and adapted crop cultivars. Plant breeding for monocultures has focused on maximizing yield in single-species stands, leading to highly productive yet specialized genotypes. However, indications suggest that these genotypes are not the best adapted to intercropping systems. Re-designing breeding programs to accommodate inter-specific interactions and compatibilities, with potentially multiple different intercropping partners, is certainly challenging, but recent technological advances offer novel solutions. We identify a number of such technology-driven directions, either ideotype-driven (i.e., "trait-based" breeding) or quantitative genetics-driven (i.e., "product-based" breeding). For ideotype breeding, plant growth modeling can help predict plant traits that affect both inter- and intraspecific interactions and their influence on crop performance. Quantitative breeding approaches, on the other hand, estimate breeding values of component crops without necessarily understanding the underlying mechanisms. We argue that a combined approach, for example, integrating plant growth modeling with genomic-assisted selection and indirect genetic effects, may offer the best chance to bridge the gap between current monoculture breeding programs and the more integrated and diverse breeding programs of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Bourke
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Peter M. Bourke,
| | - Jochem B. Evers
- Centre for Crops Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Piter Bijma
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dirk F. van Apeldoorn
- Farming Systems Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Field Crops, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas W. Kuyper
- Soil Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Guusje Bonnema
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Guusje Bonnema,
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38
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Salomon MJ, Watts-Williams SJ, McLaughlin MJ, Cavagnaro TR. Urban soil health: A city-wide survey of chemical and biological properties of urban agriculture soils. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2020; 275:122900. [PMID: 32834569 PMCID: PMC7362792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The integration of urban green spaces into modern city planning is seen as a promising tool to offset the drawbacks of ever-expanding cities. Urban agriculture is a common method to implement such strategies and to increase urban sustainability with a special focus on food security. Due to their location, urban farms are highly influenced by past and present anthropogenic activities which can threaten both soil health and food safety. This study includes 12 urban agriculture sites in the metropolitan area of Adelaide, Australia. It is the first of its kind to focus on soil health in urban agriculture systems with a further emphasis on mycorrhizal fungi. Descriptive information about each site, the biodiversity of the selected plots and soil samples from different depths and locations were collected and analysed for chemical and biological parameters. Seven metals, total and plant-available (Colwell) phosphorus and available nitrogen were measured in soils. A glasshouse bioassay was also conducted to determine the abundance of beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soils and the change of root colonization after inoculation with the mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. Results showed a generally high biodiversity of plants that correlated with site activity (commercial or community garden) and which could potentially be used for urban biodiversity conservation. Metal concentrations in soils were below national guidelines levels for all samples, although sites with previous industrial history showed elevated levels when compared to sites without industrial history. The use of raised beds with introduced soils eliminated differences in previous land-use history, thereby providing a good option to support cleaner production. Gardening soils were considered highly fertile, with plant-available (Colwell) P concentrations exceeding recommended levels for most horticultural crops, while soils were adequately supplied with nitrogen. Most plant nutrients were derived from freely available urban waste streams and integrated via composting. Various urban waste streams could be used to counter-act imbalanced soil nutrients. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were present in all sites, indicating that the practiced soil management is sustainable from a microbial perspective. Given their important role in supporting plant nutrition, and potential to reduce the need for external nutrient inputs, they provide an important focal point for achieving clean and sustainable urban food production. The results were incorporated into a framework for the management of urban soil health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Salomon
- The Waite Research Institute and the School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1 Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - S J Watts-Williams
- The Waite Research Institute and the School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1 Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - M J McLaughlin
- The Waite Research Institute and the School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1 Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - T R Cavagnaro
- The Waite Research Institute and the School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1 Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
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39
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Space and Vine Cultivar Interact to Determine the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Composition. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040317. [PMID: 33260901 PMCID: PMC7712214 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in the use of microbes as biofertilizers is increasing in recent years as the demands for sustainable cropping systems become more pressing. Although very widely used as biofertilizers, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal associations with specific crops have received little attention and knowledge is limited, especially in the case of vineyards. In this study, the AM fungal community associated with soil and roots of a vineyard on Mallorca Island, Spain was characterized by DNA sequencing to resolve the relative importance of grape variety on their diversity and composition. Overall, soil contained a wider AM fungal diversity than plant roots, and this was found at both taxonomic and phylogenetic levels. The major effect on community composition was associated with sample type, either root or soil material, with a significant effect for the variety of the grape. This effect interacted with the spatial distribution of the plants. Such an interaction revealed a hierarchical effect of abiotic and biotic factors in shaping the composition of AM fungal communities. Our results have direct implications for the understanding of plant-fungal assemblages and the potential functional differences across plants in vineyard cropping.
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Řezáčová V, Řezáč M, Gryndlerová H, Wilson GWT, Michalová T. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi favor invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus when grown in competition with native Inula conyzae. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20287. [PMID: 33219310 PMCID: PMC7679399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In a globalized world, plant invasions are common challenges for native ecosystems. Although a considerable number of invasive plants form arbuscular mycorrhizae, interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and invasive and native plants are not well understood. In this study, we conducted a greenhouse experiment examining how AM fungi affect interactions of co-occurring plant species in the family Asteracea, invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus and native forb of central Europe Inula conyzae. The effects of initial soil disturbance, including the effect of intact or disturbed arbuscular mycorrhizal networks (CMNs), were examined. AM fungi supported the success of invasive E. sphaerocephalus in competition with native I. conyzae, regardless of the initial disturbance of CMNs. The presence of invasive E. sphaerocephalus decreased mycorrhizal colonization in I. conyzae, with a concomitant loss in mycorrhizal benefits. Our results confirm AM fungi represent one important mechanism of plant invasion for E. sphaerocephalus in semi-natural European grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Řezáčová
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Řezáč
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Gryndlerová
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Gail W T Wilson
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Tereza Michalová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Fernández Di Pardo A, Mancini M, Cravero V, Gil-Cardeza ML. Diagnose of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Communities Associated to Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis and var. sylvestris. Curr Microbiol 2020; 78:190-197. [PMID: 33123749 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cynara cardunculus L. is a perennial species with high potential for bioenergy production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMF) is probably the terrestrial symbiosis most extended on earth. It presence in roots and soils improves plant nutrition and soil quality. Indigenous AMF have developed a variety of modifications to survive in their habitat and thus could serve as potential inoculants for the implantation of plant species in the respective AMF soil habitat. This work aimed to diagnose the status of the AMF symbiosis associated to two cardoon cultivars after a year of growth in a saline soil and in a conventional farming soil. For that purpose we determined AMF parameters in 4 rhizospheric soils and in roots of the cardoon varieties. We found that: (1) the rhizosphere of C. cardunculus var. altilis positively influenced the extraradical mycelium development in the saline soil, (2) the inorganic fertilization history of the conventional farming soil could have had a negative effect on the AMF community and, (3) the intraradical mycelium (IRM) development was extremely low. Our diagnosis suggests that, in order to improve the positive effects of AMF on cardoon growth and soil quality, efforts should be focused on the development of the IRM. In a boarder sense, the implementation of a diagnosis of indigenous AMF communities as a general agronomic practice could become an useful tool to farmers that are willing to potentiate the benefits of AMF on plant growth and soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Fernández Di Pardo
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (CONICET-UBA), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, CP: 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias - UNR. Campo Experimental Villarino, CP: 2123, Zavalla, Rosario, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Micaela Mancini
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias - UNR. Campo Experimental Villarino, CP: 2123, Zavalla, Rosario, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo de Investigación de la UNR (CIUNR), Maipú 1065, Rosario, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (CONICET-UNR) Campo Experimental Villarino, CP: 2123, Zavalla, Rosario, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Vanina Cravero
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias - UNR. Campo Experimental Villarino, CP: 2123, Zavalla, Rosario, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (CONICET-UNR) Campo Experimental Villarino, CP: 2123, Zavalla, Rosario, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Lourdes Gil-Cardeza
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias - UNR. Campo Experimental Villarino, CP: 2123, Zavalla, Rosario, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. .,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (CONICET-UNR) Campo Experimental Villarino, CP: 2123, Zavalla, Rosario, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Dias T, Pimentel V, Cogo AJD, Costa R, Bertolazi AA, Miranda C, de Souza SB, Melo J, Carolino M, Varma A, Eutrópio F, Olivares FL, Ramos AC, Cruz C. The Free-Living Stage Growth Conditions of the Endophytic Fungus Serendipita indica May Regulate Its Potential as Plant Growth Promoting Microbe. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:562238. [PMID: 33072023 PMCID: PMC7536269 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.562238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Serendipita indica (former Piriformospora indica) is a non-obligate endophytic fungus and generally a plant growth and defence promoter with high potential to be used in agriculture. However, S. indica may switch from biotrophy to saprotrophy losing its plant growth promoting traits. Our aim was to understand if the free-living stage growth conditions (namely C availability) regulate S. indica’s phenotype, and its potential as plant-growth-promoting-microbe (PGPM). We grew S. indica in its free-living stage under increasing C availabilities (2–20 g L–1 of glucose or sucrose). We first characterised the effect of C availability during free-living stage growth on fungal phenotype: colonies growth and physiology (plasma membrane proton pumps, stable isotopic signatures, and potential extracellular decomposing enzymes). The effect of the C availability during the free-living stage of the PGPM was evaluated on wheat. We observed that C availability during the free-living stage regulated S. indica’s growth, ultrastructure and physiology, resulting in two distinct colony phenotypes: compact and explorer. The compact phenotype developed at low C, used peptone as the major C and N source, and displayed higher decomposing potential for C providing substrates; while the explorer phenotype developed at high C, used glucose and sucrose as major C sources and casein and yeast extract as major N sources, and displayed higher decomposing potential for N and P providing substrates. The C availability, or the C/N ratio, during the free-living stage left a legacy to the symbiosis stage, regulating S. indica’s potential to promote plant growth: wheat growth promotion by the explorer phenotype was ± 40% higher than that by the compact phenotype. Our study highlights the importance of considering microbial ecology in designing PGPM/biofertilizers. Further studies are needed to test the phenotypes under more extreme conditions, and to understand if the in vitro acquired characteristics persist under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Dias
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vívian Pimentel
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Costa
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Amanda Azevedo Bertolazi
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Camila Miranda
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Sávio Bastos de Souza
- Plant Physiology Lab, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Juliana Melo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Carolino
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | | | - Fábio Lopes Olivares
- Cell Tissue and Biology Lab, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Coutinho Ramos
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Diversity and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi along a land use gradient in Terceira Island (Azores). Mycol Prog 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-020-01582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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44
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Petipas RH, Wruck AC, Geber MA. Microbe-mediated local adaptation to limestone barrens is context dependent. Ecology 2020; 101:e03092. [PMID: 32365230 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant-root-associated microbes influence plant phenotype and tolerance to environmental stress, and thus have been hypothesized to play a role in plant local adaptation. Here, we test this hypothesis with factorial experiments addressing the role of microbes in local adaptation of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) to stressful limestone barrens (alvars) compared to neighboring old-fields. Alvar plants benefited more from microbes in early life history stages, while at later growth stages, alvar and old-field plants benefited equally from microbes but only in the old-field habitat. Patterns of local adaptation were changed by the presence of microbes. Alvar plants grown in association with alvar microbes outperformed old-field plants in the alvar habitat, whereas old-field plants showed patterns of maladaptation when grown with microbes. In this demonstration of microbe-mediated adaptation, we show that rhizosphere microbes can be important for plant fitness and patterns of local adaptation but that those effects are dependent on life-history stage and habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee H Petipas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.,Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
| | - Amy C Wruck
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Monica A Geber
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
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45
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Teranishi T, Kobae Y. Investigation of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Performance Using a Lotus japonicus Mycorrhizal Mutant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E658. [PMID: 32456108 PMCID: PMC7284865 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Most plants are usually colonized with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) in the fields. AMF absorb mineral nutrients, especially phosphate, from the soil and transfer them to the host plants. Inoculation with exotic AMF is thought to be effective when indigenous AMF performance is low; however, there is no method for evaluating the performance of indigenous AMF. In this study, we developed a method to investigate the performance of indigenous AMF in promoting plant growth. As Lotus japonicus mutant (str) that are unable to form functional mycorrhizal roots were considered to be symbiosis negative for indigenous mycorrhizal performance, we examined the growth ratios of wild-type and str mycorrhizal mutant using 24 soils. Each soil had its own unique indigenous mycorrhizal performance, which was not directly related to the colonization level of indigenous AMF or soil phosphate level. The low indigenous mycorrhizal performance could not be compensated by the inoculation of exotic AMF. Importantly, indigenous mycorrhizal performance was never negative; however, the inoculation of exotic AMF into the same soil led to both positive and negative performances. These results suggest that indigenous mycorrhizal performance is affected by soil management history and is basically harmless to the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshihro Kobae
- Laboratory of Crop Nutrition, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan;
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46
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Ramoneda J, Le Roux J, Frossard E, Bester C, Oettlé N, Frey B, Gamper HA. Insights from invasion ecology: Can consideration of eco-evolutionary experience promote benefits from root mutualisms in plant production? AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:plz060. [PMID: 31777649 PMCID: PMC6863469 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mutualistic plant-microbial functioning relies on co-adapted symbiotic partners as well as conducive environmental conditions. Choosing particular plant genotypes for domestication and subsequent cultivar selection can narrow the gene pools of crop plants to a degree that they are no longer able to benefit from microbial mutualists. Elevated mineral nutrient levels in cultivated soils also reduce the dependence of crops on nutritional support by mutualists such as mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia. Thus, current ways of crop production are predestined to compromise the propagation and function of microbial symbionts, limiting their long-term benefits for plant yield stability. The influence of mutualists on non-native plant establishment and spread, i.e. biological invasions, provides an unexplored analogue to contemporary crop production that accounts for mutualistic services from symbionts like rhizobia and mycorrhizae. The historical exposure of organisms to biotic interactions over evolutionary timescales, or so-called eco-evolutionary experience (EEE), has been used to explain the success of such invasions. In this paper, we stress that consideration of the EEE concept can shed light on how to overcome the loss of microbial mutualist functions following crop domestication and breeding. We propose specific experimental approaches to utilize the wild ancestors of crops to determine whether crop domestication compromised the benefits derived from root microbial symbioses or not. This can predict the potential for success of mutualistic symbiosis manipulation in modern crops and the maintenance of effective microbial mutualisms over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Ramoneda
- Group of Plant Nutrition, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Le Roux
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Frossard
- Group of Plant Nutrition, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Bester
- South African Agricultural Research Council (ARC-Infruitec), Nieuwoudtville Northern Cape, Stellenbosch Central, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Noel Oettlé
- Environmental Monitoring Group (EMG), Nieuwoudtville Northern Cape, South Africa
| | - Beat Frey
- Rhizosphere Processes Group, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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47
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Roy J, Mazel F, Sosa-Hernández MA, Dueñas JF, Hempel S, Zinger L, Rillig MC. The relative importance of ecological drivers of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal distribution varies with taxon phylogenetic resolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:936-948. [PMID: 31355954 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The phylogenetic depth at which arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi harbor a coherent ecological niche is unknown, which has consequences for operational taxonomic unit (OTU) delineation from sequence data and the study of their biogeography. We tested how changes in AM fungi community composition across habitats (beta diversity) vary with OTU phylogenetic resolution. We inferred exact sequence variants (ESVs) to resolve phylotypes at resolutions finer than provided by traditional sequence clustering and analyzed beta diversity profiles up to order-level sequence clusters. At the ESV level, we detected the environmental predictors revealed with traditional OTUs or at higher genetic distances. However, the correlation between environmental predictors and community turnover steeply increased at a genetic distance of c. 0.03 substitutions per site. Furthermore, we observed a turnover of either closely or distantly related taxa (respectively at or above 0.03 substitutions per site) along different environmental gradients. This study suggests that different axes of AM fungal ecological niche are conserved at different phylogenetic depths. Delineating AM fungal phylotypes using DNA sequences should screen different phylogenetic resolutions to better elucidate the factors that shape communities and predict the fate of AM symbioses in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Roy
- Institut für Biologie, Ökologie der Pflanzen, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florent Mazel
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Moisés A Sosa-Hernández
- Institut für Biologie, Ökologie der Pflanzen, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juan F Dueñas
- Institut für Biologie, Ökologie der Pflanzen, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hempel
- Institut für Biologie, Ökologie der Pflanzen, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucie Zinger
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), PSL Research University, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Ökologie der Pflanzen, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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48
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Andreo-Jimenez B, Vandenkoornhuyse P, Lê Van A, Heutinck A, Duhamel M, Kadam N, Jagadish K, Ruyter-Spira C, Bouwmeester H. Plant host and drought shape the root associated fungal microbiota in rice. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7463. [PMID: 31565550 PMCID: PMC6744933 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Water is an increasingly scarce resource while some crops, such as paddy rice, require large amounts of water to maintain grain production. A better understanding of rice drought adaptation and tolerance mechanisms could help to reduce this problem. There is evidence of a possible role of root-associated fungi in drought adaptation. Here, we analyzed the endospheric fungal microbiota composition in rice and its relation to plant genotype and drought. Methods Fifteen rice genotypes (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) were grown in the field, under well-watered conditions or exposed to a drought period during flowering. The effect of genotype and treatment on the root fungal microbiota composition was analyzed by 18S ribosomal DNA high throughput sequencing. Grain yield was determined after plant maturation. Results There was a host genotype effect on the fungal community composition. Drought altered the composition of the root-associated fungal community and increased fungal biodiversity. The majority of OTUs identified belonged to the Pezizomycotina subphylum and 37 of these significantly correlated with a higher plant yield under drought, one of them being assigned to Arthrinium phaeospermum. Conclusion This study shows that both plant genotype and drought affect the root-associated fungal community in rice and that some fungi correlate with improved drought tolerance. This work opens new opportunities for basic research on the understanding of how the host affects microbiota recruitment as well as the possible use of specific fungi to improve drought tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Andreo-Jimenez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Biointeractions & Plant Health Business Unit, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Arvid Heutinck
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marie Duhamel
- EcoBio, Université Rennes I, Rennes, France.,IBL Plant Sciences and Natural Products, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Niteen Kadam
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Krishna Jagadish
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.,Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | | | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Plant Hormone Biology group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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49
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Pizano C, Kitajima K, Graham JH, Mangan SA. Negative plant-soil feedbacks are stronger in agricultural habitats than in forest fragments in the tropical Andes. Ecology 2019; 100:e02850. [PMID: 31351010 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is now strong evidence suggesting that interactions between plants and their species-specific antagonistic microbes can maintain native plant community diversity. In contrast, the decay in diversity in plant communities invaded by nonnative plant species might be caused by weakening negative feedback strengths, perhaps because of the increased relative importance of plant mutualists such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Although the vast majority of studies examining plant-soil feedbacks have been conducted in a single habitat type, there are fewer studies that have tested how the strength and direction of these feedbacks change across habitats with differing dominating plants. In a fragmented montane agricultural system in Colombia, we experimentally teased apart the relative importance of AMF and non-AMF microbes (a microbial filtrate) to the strength and direction of feedbacks in both native and nonnative plant species. We hypothesized that native tree species of forest fragments would exhibit stronger negative feedbacks with a microbial filtrate that likely contained pathogens than with AMF alone, whereas nonnative plant species, especially a highly invasive dominant grass, would exhibit overall weaker negative feedbacks or even positive feedbacks regardless of the microbial type. We reciprocally inoculated each of 10 plant species separately with either the AMF community or the microbial filtrate originating from their own conspecifics, or with the AMF or microbial filtrate originating from each of the other nine heterospecific plant species. Overall, we found that the strength of negative feedback mediated by the filtrate was much stronger than feedbacks mediated by AMF. Surprisingly, we found that the two nonnative species, Urochloa brizantha and Coffea arabica, experienced stronger negative feedbacks with microbial filtrate than did the native forest tree species, suggesting that species-specific antagonistic microbes accumulate when a single host species dominates, as is the case in agricultural habitats. However, negative feedback between forest trees and agricultural species suggests that soil community dynamics may contribute to the re-establishment of native species into abandoned agricultural lands. Furthermore, our finding of no negative feedbacks among trees in forest fragments may be due to a loss in diversity of those microbes that drive diversity-maintaining processes in intact tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pizano
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.,Biología de la Conservación, Cenicafé, Km4 vía antigua, Chinchiná-Manizales, Colombia
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - James H Graham
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida, 33850, USA
| | - Scott A Mangan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama.,Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
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50
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Sendek A, Karakoç C, Wagg C, Domínguez-Begines J, do Couto GM, van der Heijden MGA, Naz AA, Lochner A, Chatzinotas A, Klotz S, Gómez-Aparicio L, Eisenhauer N. Drought modulates interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and barley genotype diversity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9650. [PMID: 31273222 PMCID: PMC6609766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Droughts associated with climate change alter ecosystem functions, especially in systems characterized by low biodiversity, such as agricultural fields. Management strategies aimed at buffering climate change effects include the enhancement of intraspecific crop diversity as well as the diversity of beneficial interactions with soil biota, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, little is known about reciprocal relations of crop and AMF diversity under drought conditions. To explore the interactive effects of plant genotype richness and AMF richness on plant yield under ambient and drought conditions, we established fully crossed diversity gradients in experimental microcosms. We expected highest crop yield and drought tolerance at both high barley and AMF diversity. While barley richness and AMF richness altered the performance of both barley and AMF, they did not mitigate detrimental drought effects on the plant and AMF. Root biomass increased with mycorrhiza colonization rate at high AMF richness and low barley richness. AMF performance increased under higher richness of both barley and AMF. Our findings indicate that antagonistic interactions between barley and AMF may occur under drought conditions, particularly so at higher AMF richness. These results suggest that unexpected alterations of plant-soil biotic interactions could occur under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sendek
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120, Halle, Germany.
- Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchweg 2, 06108, Halle, Germany.
| | - Canan Karakoç
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cameron Wagg
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zürich, CH-8057, Switzerland
- Fredericton Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 850 Lincoln Road, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Jara Domínguez-Begines
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS), CSIC, LINCGlobal, Avenida Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gabriela Martucci do Couto
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcel G A van der Heijden
- Plant-Soil-Interactions, Department of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Ahmad Naz
- Crop Genetics and Biotechnology Unit, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alfred Lochner
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antonis Chatzinotas
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Klotz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Lorena Gómez-Aparicio
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS), CSIC, LINCGlobal, Avenida Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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