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Zhao R. Can exercise benefits be harnessed with drugs? A new way to combat neurodegenerative diseases by boosting neurogenesis. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:36. [PMID: 39049102 PMCID: PMC11271207 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is affected by multiple factors, such as enriched environment, exercise, ageing, and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative disorders can impair AHN, leading to progressive neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Compelling evidence suggests that individuals engaged in regular exercise exhibit higher production of proteins that are essential for AHN and memory. Interestingly, specific molecules that mediate the effects of exercise have shown effectiveness in promoting AHN and cognition in different transgenic animal models. Despite these advancements, the precise mechanisms by which exercise mimetics induce AHN remain partially understood. Recently, some novel exercise molecules have been tested and the underlying mechanisms have been proposed, involving intercommunications between multiple organs such as muscle-brain crosstalk, liver-brain crosstalk, and gut-brain crosstalk. In this review, we will discuss the current evidence regarding the effects and potential mechanisms of exercise mimetics on AHN and cognition in various neurological disorders. Opportunities, challenges, and future directions in this research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, 88 South Daxue Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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2
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Al-Rawaf HA, Gabr SA, Iqbal A, Alghadir AH. Circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers of physical activity in geriatric patients with HCV. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:18. [PMID: 39030480 PMCID: PMC11264506 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-024-00514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating microRNAs have been implicated in a diverse array of biological and pathological phenomena. Their potential utility as noninvasive biomarkers for screening and diagnosing various diseases has been proposed. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the potential role of the miRNAs miR-122 and miR-486 as molecular biomarkers in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Thus, miR-122 and miR-486 were detected in the serum of HCV patients and healthy controls. Moreover, the potential correlations of miR-122 and miR-486 with viral complications, such as physical activity, pain, muscle fatigue, and HCV infection, were identified. METHODS A total of 150 subjects aged 30 to 66 years were included in this study. The patients were classified as patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (CHC) (n = 110) or healthy controls (n = 40). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were performed to determine miR-122 and miR-486 expression. Physical activity (PA), pain score, HCV genotyping, viral overload, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and antioxidant status were also estimated by using prevalidated questionnaires, PCR, and spectrophotometric analyses. RESULTS Compared with those in normal controls, significant increases in the serum levels of miR-122 and miR-486 were reported in patients with CHC. In physically active CHC patients, there was a significant correlation between the expression of miRNAs and increased alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), fibrosis scores, and inflammation activity, but no association was reported for hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA or viral load. Additionally, significant decreases in LDH, CK, GSSG, and pain scores and increases in TAC, GSH, and the GSH/GSSG ratio were reported. Moreover, the expression of miR-122 and miR-486 was positively correlated with changes in body mass index (BMI) and liver fibrosis stage, as well as negatively correlated with sex, PA, TAC, GSH, GSSG, and the GSH/GSSG ratio. CONCLUSION MiR-122 and miR-486 expression levels were strongly correlated with physical activity, pain perception, and muscle fatigue biomarkers in HCV-infected patients. These miRNA levels were associated with elevated AST, ALT, fibrosis scores, LDH, CK, and antioxidant status, thus suggesting their potential as biomarkers for disease severity and oxidative stress. However, no correlation was observed with viral load or HCV-RNA expression, thus implying that these miRNAs may impact disease progression and symptoms through host factors, rather than directly affecting viral replication. In summary, the results demonstrated that molecular studies of miR-22 and miR-468 and their associations with PA, pain, adiposity, sex differences, and muscle fatigue, as well as routine biomarkers, could be useful as prognostic nanoninvasive biomarkers, thus providing novel therapeutic targets for CHC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A Al-Rawaf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Iqbal
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Han Z, Zhang L, Ma M, Keshavarzi M. Effects of MicroRNAs and Long Non-coding RNAs on Beneficial Action of Exercise on Cognition in Degenerative Diseases: A Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04292-4. [PMID: 38869810 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has exposed a growing body of proof underscoring the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in maintaining the physical composition of neurons and influencing cognitive functioning in both standard and atypical circumstances. Extensive research has been conducted on the possible application of miRNAs and lncRNAs as biomarkers for various diseases, with a particular focus on brain disorders, as they possess remarkable durability in cell-free surroundings and can endure repeated freezing and thawing processes. It is intriguing to note that miRNAs and lncRNAs have the ability to function through paracrine mechanisms, thereby playing a role in communication between different organs. Recent research has proposed that the improvement of cognitive abilities through physical exercise in mentally healthy individuals is a valuable method for uncovering potential connections between miRNAs, or microRNAs, and lncRNAs, and human cognitive function. The process of cross-correlating data from disease models and patients with existing data will be crucial in identifying essential miRNAs and lncRNAs, which can potentially act as biomarkers or drug targets in the treatment of cognitive disorders. By combining this method with additional research in animal models, we can determine the function of these molecules and their potential impact on therapy. This article discusses the latest research about the primary miRNAs, lncRNAs, and their exosomes that are affected by physical activity in terms of human cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Han
- Department of Physical Education, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Capital University Of Physical Education And Sports, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Minhang Ma
- Department of Physical Education, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maryam Keshavarzi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tee CCL, Chong MC, Cooke MB, Rahmat N, Yeo WK, Camera DM. Effects of exercise modality combined with moderate hypoxia on blood glucose regulation in adults with overweight. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1396108. [PMID: 38903909 PMCID: PMC11188384 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1396108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of moderate hypoxia with three different exercise modes on glucose regulation in healthy overweight adults. Methods: Thirteen overweight males (age: 31 ± 4 years; body fat 26.3 ± 3.2%) completed three exercise trials in a randomized crossover design involving 60 min cycling exercise at 90% lactate threshold (LOW), sprint interval training (20 × 4 s all-out; SIT) and lower limb functional bodyweight exercises (8 sets of 4 × 20 s; FEX) under moderate hypoxia (FiO2 = 16.5%). Post-exercise oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed following each trial. Heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2), physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES), and perceptual measures were recorded during each exercise session. Venous blood was collected pre-, immediately post-, and 24 h post-exercise and analysed for plasma glucose and insulin, incremental area under curve (iAUC), and circulating microRNA expression (c-miRs-486-5p, -126-5p, and -21-5p). Interstitial glucose concentrations were measured using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Results: Post-exercise OGTT iAUC for plasma glucose and insulin concentration were lower in SIT and LOW vs. control (p < 0.05) while post-exercise interstitial glucose iAUC and c-miRs were not different between exercise modes. Heart rate was greater in SIT vs. LOW and FEX, and FEX vs. LOW (p < 0.05), SpO2 was lower in SIT, while PACES was not different between exercise modes. Perceptual measures were greater in SIT vs. LOW and FEX. Conclusion: Acute SIT and LOW under moderate hypoxia improved post-exercise plasma insulin compared to FEX exercises. Considering SIT was also time-efficient, well tolerated, and enjoyable for participants, this may be the preferred exercise modality for improving glucose regulation in adult males with overweight when combined with moderate hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Chow Li Tee
- Division of Research and Innovation, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Group, Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Mee Chee Chong
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Group, Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Matthew B. Cooke
- Sport, Performance and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nurhamizah Rahmat
- Division of Research and Innovation, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wee Kian Yeo
- Division of Research and Innovation, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Donny M. Camera
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Group, Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, Hawthorn, Australia
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Huang LY, Lim AY, Hsu CC, Tsai YF, Fu TC, Shyu YC, Peng SC, Wang JS. Sustainability of exercise-induced benefits on circulating MicroRNAs and physical fitness in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial with follow up. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:473. [PMID: 38816804 PMCID: PMC11137894 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating miRNAs (c-miR) have been shown to be potential biomarkers in sarcopenia, but the miRNAs response to aerobic exercise in older people remains inconclusive. We sought to examine the exercise benefits on physical fitness and miRNAs, and to explore the mediating effect of miRNAs on training-induced fitness changes. METHODS This controlled trial recruited 58 community-dwelling older adults and randomized them into exercise group (EX) and control group (CON). EX received 8-week supervised moderate intensity cycling training 3x/week. C-miR expression (c-miR-21, c-miR-126, c-miR-146a, c-miR-222), physical fitness (body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness) and physical activity level (PAL, measured as in daily step counts) were evaluated at baseline, post-training, and post-16-week follow-up. The mediating effect of miRNA expression onto exercise-induced physical fitness change was determined by causal mediation analysis (CMA). RESULTS Exercise significantly improved body fat and cardiorespiratory fitness in older people while maintaining muscle mass and strength, and augmented expression of c-miR-126, c-miR-146a, and c-miR-222 for up to 16 weeks post-training. Notably, older people in EX had substantially higher daily step counts than CON throughout the study even after the active training period. However, CMA revealed no significant indirect effect but a potential mediating effect of c-miR-21, but not the rest, onto the body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and lower limb strength. CONCLUSION An eight-week supervised MICT program promoted a higher level of physical activity up to 16 weeks post-training, which induces better cardiorespiratory fitness and resists decline in muscular measures. C-miRNA, especially c-miR-21, potentially mediates the training effect upon fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yuan Huang
- Department of Nursing, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ai Yin Lim
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, 259 Wen-Hwa 1 Road, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Hsu
- Community Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fang Tsai
- College of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tieh-Cheng Fu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Shyu
- Community Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chiao Peng
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, 259 Wen-Hwa 1 Road, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Shyan Wang
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, 259 Wen-Hwa 1 Road, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Walzik D, Wences Chirino TY, Zimmer P, Joisten N. Molecular insights of exercise therapy in disease prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:138. [PMID: 38806473 PMCID: PMC11133400 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial evidence emphasizing the pleiotropic benefits of exercise for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Several exercise benefits have been attributed to signaling molecules that are released in response to exercise by different tissues such as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, adipose, and liver tissue. These signaling molecules, which are collectively termed exerkines, form a heterogenous group of bioactive substances, mediating inter-organ crosstalk as well as structural and functional tissue adaption. Numerous scientific endeavors have focused on identifying and characterizing new biological mediators with such properties. Additionally, some investigations have focused on the molecular targets of exerkines and the cellular signaling cascades that trigger adaption processes. A detailed understanding of the tissue-specific downstream effects of exerkines is crucial to harness the health-related benefits mediated by exercise and improve targeted exercise programs in health and disease. Herein, we review the current in vivo evidence on exerkine-induced signal transduction across multiple target tissues and highlight the preventive and therapeutic value of exerkine signaling in various diseases. By emphasizing different aspects of exerkine research, we provide a comprehensive overview of (i) the molecular underpinnings of exerkine secretion, (ii) the receptor-dependent and receptor-independent signaling cascades mediating tissue adaption, and (iii) the clinical implications of these mechanisms in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Walzik
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Tiffany Y Wences Chirino
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
- Division of Exercise and Movement Science, Institute for Sport Science, University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
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Kotewitsch M, Heimer M, Schmitz B, Mooren FC. Non-coding RNAs in exercise immunology: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:311-338. [PMID: 37925072 PMCID: PMC11116971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical exercise has been recognized as a potent modulator of immune function, with its effects including enhanced immune surveillance, reduced inflammation, and improved overall health. While strong evidence exists that physical exercise affects the specific expression and activity of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) also involved in immune system regulation, heterogeneity in individual study designs and analyzed exercise protocols exists, and a condensed list of functional, exercise-dependent ncRNAs with known targets in the immune system is missing from the literature. A systematic review and qualitative analysis was used to identify and categorize ncRNAs participating in immune modulation by physical exercise. Two combined approaches were used: (a) a systematic literature search for "ncRNA and exercise immunology", (b) and a database search for microRNAs (miRNAs) (miRTarBase and DIANA-Tarbase v8) aligned with known target genes in the immune system based on the Reactome database, combined with a systematic literature search for "ncRNA and exercise". Literature searches were based on PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus; and miRNA databases were filtered for targets validated by in vitro experimental data. Studies were eligible if they reported on exercise-based interventions in healthy humans. After duplicate removal, 95 studies were included reporting on 164 miRNAs, which were used for the qualitative synthesis. Six studies reporting on long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) or circular RNAs were also identified. Results were analyzed using ordering tables that included exercise modality (endurance/resistance exercise), acute or chronic interventions, as well as the consistency in reported change between studies. Evaluation criteria were defined as "validated" with 100% of ≥3 independent studies showing identical direction of regulation, "plausible" (≥80%), or "suggestive" (≥70%). For resistance exercise, upregulation of miR-206 was validated while downregulation of miR-133a appeared plausible. For endurance exercise, 15 miRNAs were categorized as validated, with 12 miRNAs being consistently elevated and 3 miRNAs being downregulated, most of them after acute exercise training. In conclusion, our approach provides evidence that miRNAs play a major role in exercise-induced effects on the innate and adaptive immune system by targeting different pathways affecting immune cell distribution, function, and trafficking as well as production of (anti-)inflammatory cytokines. miRNAs miR-15, miR-29c, miR-30a, miR-142/3, miR-181a, and miR-338 emerged as key players in mediating the immunomodulatory effects of exercise predominantly after acute bouts of endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kotewitsch
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58455, Germany; DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Ennepetal 58256, Germany
| | - Melina Heimer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58455, Germany; DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Ennepetal 58256, Germany
| | - Boris Schmitz
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58455, Germany; DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Ennepetal 58256, Germany.
| | - Frank C Mooren
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58455, Germany; DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Ennepetal 58256, Germany
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Liu X, Li H, Hastings MH, Xiao C, Damilano F, Platt C, Lerchenmüller C, Zhu H, Wei XP, Yeri A, Most P, Rosenzweig A. miR-222 inhibits pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:262-272. [PMID: 38084908 PMCID: PMC10939454 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Physiological cardiac hypertrophy occurs in response to exercise and can protect against pathological stress. In contrast, pathological hypertrophy occurs in disease and often precedes heart failure. The cardiac pathways activated in physiological and pathological hypertrophy are largely distinct. Our prior work demonstrated that miR-222 increases in exercised hearts and is required for exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyogenesis. Here, we sought to define the role of miR-222 in pathological hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that miR-222 also increased in pathological hypertrophy induced by pressure overload. To assess its functional significance in this setting, we generated a miR-222 gain-of-function model through cardiac-specific constitutive transgenic miR-222 expression (TgC-miR-222) and used locked nucleic acid anti-miR specific for miR-222 to inhibit its effects. Both gain- and loss-of-function models manifested normal cardiac structure and function at baseline. However, after transverse aortic constriction (TAC), miR-222 inhibition accelerated the development of pathological hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. Conversely, miR-222-overexpressing mice had less pathological hypertrophy after TAC, as well as better cardiac function and survival. We identified p53-up-regulated modulator of apoptosis, a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, and the transcription factors, Hmbox1 and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 3, as direct miR-222 targets contributing to its roles in this context. CONCLUSION While miR-222 is necessary for physiological cardiac growth, it inhibits cardiac growth in response to pressure overload and reduces adverse remodelling and cardiac dysfunction. These findings support the model that physiological and pathological hypertrophy are fundamentally different. Further, they suggest that miR-222 may hold promise as a therapeutic target in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Margaret H Hastings
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, NCRC Building 25, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA
| | - Chunyang Xiao
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Federico Damilano
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Colin Platt
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carolin Lerchenmüller
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Heart and Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Heidelberg/Mannheim, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Han Zhu
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xin Paul Wei
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ashish Yeri
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Patrick Most
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Institute for Heart and Brain Health, University of Michigan Medical Center, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, NCRC Building 25, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA
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Caporossi D, Dimauro I. Exercise-induced redox modulation as a mediator of DNA methylation in health maintenance and disease prevention. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:113-122. [PMID: 38242245 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The evidence for physical activity (PA) as a major public health preventive approach and a potent medical therapy has increased exponentially in the last decades. The biomolecular mechanisms supporting the associations between PA and/or structured exercise training with health maintenance and disease prevention are not completely characterized. However, increasing evidence pointed out the role of epigenetic modifications in exercise adaptation and health-enhancing PA throughout life, DNA methylation being the most intensely studied epigenetic modification induced by acute and chronic exercise. The current data on the modulation of DNA methylation determined by physically active behavior or exercise interventions points out genes related to energy regulation, mitochondrial function, and biosynthesis, as well as muscle regeneration, calcium signaling pathways, and brain plasticity, all consistent with the known exercise-induced redox signaling and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) unbalance. Thus, the main focus of this review is to discuss the role of ROS and redox-signaling on DNA methylation profile and its impact on exercise-induced health benefits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome, 00135, Italy.
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome, 00135, Italy
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Elia R, Piva G, Bulighin F, Lamberti N, Manfredini F, Gambaro G, Di Maria A, Salvagno G, Carbonare LGD, Storari A, Valenti MT, Battaglia Y. The Impact of Physical Exercise on microRNAs in Hemodialysis Patients: A Review and a Protocol for an Ancillary Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:468. [PMID: 38398071 PMCID: PMC10886953 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is considered a significant risk factor for mortality and morbidity among chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Therefore, physical exercise is recommended in the treatment of HD patients. Although the beneficial effects of physical exercise in HD patients are well-described in the literature, the underlying physiological mechanisms still need to be fully understood. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential mediators of the therapeutic effects of physical exercise in healthy individuals. miRNAs are short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs involved in gene expression regulation. Specifically, upon forming the RNA-induced silencing complex, miRNAs selectively bind to specific miRNAs within cells, reducing gene expression. miRNAs can be secreted by cells in an accessible form or enclosed within exosomes or extracellular vesicles. They can be detected in various body fluids, including serum (circulating miRNAs), facilitating the study of their diverse expression. Currently, there is no available data regarding the impact of physical exercise on the expression of miRNAs involved in osteogenic differentiation, a fundamental mechanism in the development of vascular calcification, for HD patients. Therefore, we have designed an observational and longitudinal case-control study to evaluate the expression of miR-9 and miR-30b in HD patients participating in a 3-month interdialytic physical exercise program. This paper aims to present the study protocol and review the expression of circulating miRNAs in HD patients and their modulation through physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Elia
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Piva
- PhD Program in Environmental Sustainability and Wellbeing, Department of Humanities, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Francesca Bulighin
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Pederzoli Hospital, 37019 Peschiera del Garda, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Lamberti
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (N.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Fabio Manfredini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (N.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Alessio Di Maria
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Gianluca Salvagno
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luca Giuseppe Dalle Carbonare
- Internal Medicine, Section D, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (L.G.D.C.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Alda Storari
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Teresa Valenti
- Internal Medicine, Section D, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (L.G.D.C.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Yuri Battaglia
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Pederzoli Hospital, 37019 Peschiera del Garda, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
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11
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Samani SL, Barlow SC, Freeburg LA, Jones TL, Poole M, Sarzynski MA, Zile MR, Shazly T, Spinale FG. Left ventricle function and post-transcriptional events with exercise training in pigs. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292243. [PMID: 38306359 PMCID: PMC10836705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standardized exercise protocols have been shown to improve overall cardiovascular fitness, but direct effects on left ventricular (LV) function, particularly diastolic function and relation to post-transcriptional molecular pathways (microRNAs (miRs)) are poorly understood. This project tested the central hypothesis that adaptive LV remodeling resulting from a large animal exercise training protocol, would be directly associated with specific miRs responsible for regulating pathways relevant to LV myocardial stiffness and geometry. METHODS AND RESULTS Pigs (n = 9; 25 Kg) underwent a 4 week exercise training protocol (10 degrees elevation, 2.5 mph, 10 min, 5 days/week) whereby LV chamber stiffness (KC) and regional myocardial stiffness (rKm) were measured by Doppler/speckle tracking echocardiography. Age and weight matched non-exercise pigs (n = 6) served as controls. LV KC fell by approximately 50% and rKm by 30% following exercise (both p < 0.05). Using an 84 miR array, 34 (40%) miRs changed with exercise, whereby 8 of the changed miRs (miR-19a, miR-22, miR-30e, miR-99a, miR-142, miR-144, miR-199a, and miR-497) were correlated to the change in KC (r ≥ 0.5 p < 0.05) and mapped to matrix and calcium handling processes. Additionally, miR-22 and miR-30e decreased with exercise and mapped to a localized inflammatory process, the inflammasome (NLRP-3, whereby a 2-fold decrease in NLRP-3 mRNA occurred with exercise (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Chronic exercise reduced LV chamber and myocardial stiffness and was correlated to miRs that map to myocardial relaxation processes as well as local inflammatory pathways. These unique findings set the stage for utilization of myocardial miR profiling to identify underlying mechanisms by which exercise causes changes in LV myocardial structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Samani
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
- Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Shayne C. Barlow
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Freeburg
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
- Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Traci L. Jones
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Marlee Poole
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Zile
- Division of Cardiology, RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Tarek Shazly
- College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Francis G. Spinale
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
- Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States of America
- College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
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12
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Fischetti F, Poli L, De Tommaso M, Paolicelli D, Greco G, Cataldi S. The role of exercise parameters on small extracellular vesicles and microRNAs cargo in preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1241010. [PMID: 37654673 PMCID: PMC10466047 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1241010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA), which includes exercise, can reduce the risk of developing various non-communicable diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and mitigate their adverse effects. However, the mechanisms underlying this ability are not yet fully understood. Among several possible mechanisms proposed, such as the stimulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), the possible involvement of particular vesicular structures enclosed in lipid membranes known as extracellular vesicles (EVs) has recently been investigated. These EVs would appear to exert a paracrine and systemic action through their ability to carry various molecules, particularly so-called microRNAs (miRNAs), performing a function as mediators of intercellular communication. Interestingly, EVs and miRNAs are differentially expressed following PA, but evidence on how different exercise parameters may differentially affect EVs and the miRNAs they carry is still scarce. In this review we summarized the current human findings on the effects of PA and different exercise parameters exerted on EVs and their cargo, focusing on miRNAs molecules, and discussing how this may represent one of the biological mechanisms through which exercise contributes to preventing and slowing NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fischetti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Poli
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marina De Tommaso
- Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Policlinico General Hospital, University of Study of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Damiano Paolicelli
- Neurophysiology Operative Unit, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Policlinico General Hospital, University of Study of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Greco
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Cataldi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, Bari, Italy
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13
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Yan L, Guo L. Exercise-regulated white adipocyte differentitation: An insight into its role and mechanism. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1670-1692. [PMID: 37334782 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
White adipocytes play a key role in the regulation of fat mass amount and energy balance. An appropriate level of white adipocyte differentiation is important for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Exercise, an important way to improve metabolic health, can regulate white adipocyte differentiation. In this review, the effect of exercise on the differentiation of white adipocytes is summarized. Exercise could regulate adipocyte differentiation in multiple ways, such as exerkines, metabolites, microRNAs, and so on. The potential mechanism underlying the role of exercise in adipocyte differentiation is also reviewed and discussed. In-depth investigation of the role and mechanism of exercise in white adipocyte differentiation would provide new insights into exercise-mediated improvement of metabolism and facilitate the application of exercise-based strategy against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Yan
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Shanghai University of Sport), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences (Shanghai University of Sport), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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14
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Pfaff DH, Poschet G, Hell R, Szendrödi J, Teleman AA. Walking 200 min per day keeps the bariatric surgeon away. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16556. [PMID: 37274680 PMCID: PMC10238728 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise and increased physical activity are vital components of the standard treatment guidelines for many chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Although strenuous exercise cannot be recommended to people with numerous chronic conditions, walking is something most people can perform. In comparison to high-intensity training, the metabolic consequences of low-intensity walking have been less well studied. We present here a feasibility study of a subject who performed an exercise intervention of low-intensity, non-fatiguing walking on a deskmill/treadmill for 200 min daily, approximately the average time a German spends watching television per day. This low-impact physical activity has the advantages that it can be done while performing other tasks such as reading or watching TV, and it can be recommended to obese patients or patients with heart disease. We find that this intervention led to substantial weight loss, comparable to that of bariatric surgery. To study the metabolic changes caused by this intervention, we performed an in-depth metabolomic profiling of the blood both directly after walking to assess the acute changes, as well as 1.5 days after physical activity to identify the long-term effects that persist. We find changes in acylcarnitine levels suggesting that walking activates fatty acid beta oxidation, and that this mitochondrial reprogramming is still visible 1.5 days post-walking. We also find that walking mildly increases gut permeability, leading to increased exposure of the blood to metabolites from the gut microbiome. Overall, these data provide a starting point for designing future intervention studies with larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Pfaff
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Szendrödi
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A. Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Grieb A, Schmitt A, Fragasso A, Widmann M, Mattioni Maturana F, Burgstahler C, Erz G, Schellhorn P, Nieß AM, Munz B. Skeletal Muscle MicroRNA Patterns in Response to a Single Bout of Exercise in Females: Biomarkers for Subsequent Training Adaptation? Biomolecules 2023; 13:884. [PMID: 37371465 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRs) have been proposed as a promising new class of biomarkers in the context of training adaptation. Using microarray analysis, we studied skeletal muscle miR patterns in sedentary young healthy females (n = 6) before and after a single submaximal bout of endurance exercise ('reference training'). Subsequently, participants were subjected to a structured training program, consisting of six weeks of moderate-intensity continuous endurance training (MICT) and six weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in randomized order. In vastus lateralis muscle, we found significant downregulation of myomiRs, specifically miR-1, 133a-3p, and -5p, -133b, and -499a-5p. Similarly, exercise-associated miRs-23a-3p, -378a-5p, -128-3p, -21-5p, -107, -27a-3p, -126-3p, and -152-3p were significantly downregulated, whereas miR-23a-5p was upregulated. Furthermore, in an untargeted approach for differential expression in response to acute exercise, we identified n = 35 miRs that were downregulated and n = 20 miRs that were upregulated by factor 4.5 or more. Remarkably, KEGG pathway analysis indicated central involvement of this set of miRs in fatty acid metabolism. To reproduce these data in a larger cohort of all-female subjects (n = 29), qPCR analysis was carried out on n = 15 miRs selected from the microarray, which confirmed their differential expression. Furthermore, the acute response, i.e., the difference between miR concentrations before and after the reference training, was correlated with changes in maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) in response to the training program. Here, we found that miRs-199a-3p and -19b-3p might be suitable acute-response candidates that correlate with individual degrees of training adaptation in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Grieb
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angelika Schmitt
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annunziata Fragasso
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Widmann
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Mattioni Maturana
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christof Burgstahler
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Erz
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Schellhorn
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Nieß
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Munz
- Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
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16
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Lisi V, Senesi G, Bertola N, Pecoraro M, Bolis S, Gualerzi A, Picciolini S, Raimondi A, Fantini C, Moretti E, Parisi A, Sgrò P, Di Luigi L, Geiger R, Ravera S, Vassalli G, Caporossi D, Balbi C. Plasma-derived extracellular vesicles released after endurance exercise exert cardioprotective activity through the activation of antioxidant pathways. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102737. [PMID: 37236143 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) can cause various conditions, including an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels that can decrease nitric oxide (NO) availability and promote vasoconstriction, leading to arterial hypertension. Physical exercise (PE) has been found to be protective against CVD by helping to maintain redox homeostasis through a decrease in ROS levels, achieved by increased expression of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) and modulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) circulating in the body are a major source of regulatory signals, including proteins and nucleic acids. Interestingly, the cardioprotective role of EVs released after PE has not been fully described. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of circulating EVs, obtained through Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) of plasma samples from healthy young males (age: 26.95 ± 3.07; estimated maximum oxygen consumption rate (VO2max): 51.22 ± 4.85 (mL/kg/min)) at basal level (Pre_EVs) and immediately after a single bout of endurance exercise (30' treadmill, 70% heart rate (HR) -Post_EVs). Gene ontology (GO) analysis of proteomic data from isolated EVs, revealed enrichment in proteins endowed with catalytic activity in Post_EVs, compare to Pre_EVs, with MAP2K1 being the most significantly upregulated protein. Enzymatic assays on EVs derived from Pre and Post samples showed increment in Glutathione Reductase (GR) and Catalase (CAT) activity in Post_EVs. At functional level, Post_EVs, but not Pre_EVs, enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) and reduced oxidative damage accumulation in treated human iPS-derived cardiomyocytes (hCM) at basal level and under stress conditions (Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) treatment), resulting in a global cardioprotective effect. In conclusion, our data demonstrated, for the first time, that a single 30-min endurance exercise is able to alter the cargo of circulating EVs, resulting in cardioprotective effect through antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lisi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Senesi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Bertola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Pecoraro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bolis
- Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alice Gualerzi
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics (LABION), IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Picciolini
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics (LABION), IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Centro Imaging Sperimentale, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 52, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Fantini
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Moretti
- Laboratory of Physical Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Attilio Parisi
- Laboratory of Physical Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Sgrò
- Laboratory of Physical Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Roger Geiger
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Petrungaro M, Fusco L, Cavarretta E, Scarà A, Borrelli A, Romano S, Petroni R, D'Ascenzi F, Sciarra L. Long-Term Sports Practice and Atrial Fibrillation: An Updated Review of a Complex Relationship. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10050218. [PMID: 37233185 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10050218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice, and it is an enormous burden worldwide because of its high morbidity, disability and mortality. It is generally acknowledged that physical activity (PA) is strongly associated with a significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease and all-cause mortality. Moreover, it has been observed that moderate and regular physical activity has the potential to reduce the risk of AF, in addition to improving overall well-being. Nevertheless, some studies have associated intense physical activity with an increased risk of AF. This paper aims to review the main related literature to investigate the association between PA and AF incidence and draw pathophysiological and epidemiological conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Petrungaro
- Unit of Electrophysiology, Belcolle Hospital, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Cardiology Department, University of Rome Sapienza, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Liuba Fusco
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Northamptonshire, Northampton NN1 5BD, UK
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Scarà
- Unit of Cardiology and Electrophysiology, San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Borrelli
- Unit of Cardiology and Electrophysiology, San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvio Romano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Renata Petroni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Di Lorenzo Clinic, 67052 Avezzano, Italy
| | - Flavio D'Ascenzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Sciarra
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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18
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Liu C, Wu X, Vulugundam G, Gokulnath P, Li G, Xiao J. Exercise Promotes Tissue Regeneration: Mechanisms Involved and Therapeutic Scope. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:27. [PMID: 37149504 PMCID: PMC10164224 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has well-recognized beneficial effects on the whole body. Previous studies suggest that exercise could promote tissue regeneration and repair in various organs. In this review, we have summarized the major effects of exercise on tissue regeneration primarily mediated by stem cells and progenitor cells in skeletal muscle, nervous system, and vascular system. The protective function of exercise-induced stem cell activation under pathological conditions and aging in different organs have also been discussed in detail. Moreover, we have described the primary molecular mechanisms involved in exercise-induced tissue regeneration, including the roles of growth factors, signaling pathways, oxidative stress, metabolic factors, and non-coding RNAs. We have also summarized therapeutic approaches that target crucial signaling pathways and molecules responsible for exercise-induced tissue regeneration, such as IGF1, PI3K, and microRNAs. Collectively, the comprehensive understanding of exercise-induced tissue regeneration will facilitate the discovery of novel drug targets and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | | | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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19
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Saati-Zarei A, Damirchi A, Tousi SMTR, Babaei P. Myocardial angiogenesis induced by concurrent vitamin D supplementation and aerobic-resistance training is mediated by inhibiting miRNA-15a, and miRNA-146a and upregulating VEGF/PI3K/eNOS signaling pathway. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:541-555. [PMID: 36689014 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of co-treatment of aerobic-resistance training (ART), vitamin D3 (VD3) on cardiovascular function considering the involvement of microRNA-15a and microRNA-146a, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. To induce MI, male Wistar rats subcutaneously received isoproterenol for 2 days, then MI was confirmed by echocardiography. MI rats were divided into six groups (n = 8/group). MI + VD3, MI + sesame oil (Veh), MI + ART, MI + VD3 + ART, and MI + Veh + ART, and received the related treatments for 8 weeks. Exercise tests, echocardiography, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and histological staining were performed after the end of treatments. The highest ejection fraction (EF%), fractional shortening (FS%), exercise capacity (EC), and maximal load test (MLT) amounts were observed in the groups treated with VD3, ART, and VD3 + ART (P < 0.05). These were accompanied by a significantly increased angiogenesis post-MI. Furthermore, the levels of circulating microRNA-15a and microRNA-146a were significantly decreased in these groups compared to MI rats that were together with a significant upregulation of cardiac VEGF, PI3K, and eNOS expression. Overall, the best results were observed in the group treated with VD3 + ART. Concurrent VD3 supplementation and ART attenuated microRNA-15a and microRNA-146a and induced angiogenesis via VEGF/PI3K/eNOS axis. This data demonstrate that concurrent VD3 supplementation and ART is a more efficient strategy than monotherapy to improve cardiac function post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Saati-Zarei
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arsalan Damirchi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghi Razavi Tousi
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parvin Babaei
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. .,Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht , Iran. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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20
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Biss S, Teschler M, Heimer M, Thum T, Bär C, Mooren FC, Schmitz B. A single session of EMS training induces long-lasting changes in circulating muscle but not cardiovascular miRNA levels: a randomized crossover study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:799-809. [PMID: 36759165 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00557.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Electromyostimulation (EMS) is used to maintain or build skeletal muscle and to increase cardiopulmonary fitness. Only limited data on the molecular mechanisms induced by EMS are available and effects on circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) have not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate whether EMS induces long-term changes in muscle- and cardiovascular-specific c-miRNA levels. Twelve healthy participants (33.0 ± 12.0 yr, 7 women) performed a 20-min whole body EMS training and a time- and intensity-matched whole body circuit training (CT) in random order. Blood samples were drawn pre-/posttraining and at 1.5, 3, 24, 48, and 72 h to determine creatine kinase (CK) and miRNA-21-5p, -126-3p, -133a-3p, -146a-5p, -206-3p, -222-3p, and -499a-5p levels. Muscular exertion was determined using an isometric strength test, and muscle soreness/pain was assessed by questionnaire. EMS participants reported higher muscle soreness 48 and 72 h postexercise and mean CK levels after EMS increased compared with CT at 48 and 72 h (time × group P ≤ 0.01). The EMS session induced a significant elevation of myomiR-206 and -133a levels starting at 1.5 and 3 h after exercise. Both miRNAs remained elevated for 72 h with significant differences between 24 and 72 h (time × group P ≤ 0.0254). EMS did not induce changes in cardiovascular miRNAs and no elevation in any miRNA was detected following CT. Time-course analysis of muscle damage marker CK and c-miR-133a and -206 levels did not suggest a common scheme (P ≥ 0.277). We conclude that a single EMS session induces specific long-lasting changes of miR-206 and miR-133 involved in muscle proliferation and differentiation. A single EMS session does not affect primary cardiovascular miRNA-21-5p, -126-3p, -146a-5p, and -222-3p levels.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study describes the long-term effects of electromyostimulation (EMS) on circulating miRNA levels. The observed increase of functional myomiR-206 and -133a levels over 72 h suggests long-lasting effects on muscle proliferation and differentiation, whereas cardiovascular miRNAs appear unaffected. Our findings suggest that circulating miRNAs provide useful insight into muscle regeneration processes after EMS and may thus be used to optimize EMS training effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinje Biss
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc Teschler
- Faculty of Health, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
- Center for Medical Rehabilitation, DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Ennepetal, Germany
| | - Melina Heimer
- Faculty of Health, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
- Center for Medical Rehabilitation, DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Ennepetal, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Bär
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank C Mooren
- Faculty of Health, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
- Center for Medical Rehabilitation, DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Ennepetal, Germany
| | - Boris Schmitz
- Faculty of Health, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
- Center for Medical Rehabilitation, DRV Clinic Königsfeld, Ennepetal, Germany
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21
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Skouras AZ, Antonakis-Karamintzas D, Tsantes AG, Triantafyllou A, Papagiannis G, Tsolakis C, Koulouvaris P. The Acute and Chronic Effects of Resistance and Aerobic Exercise in Hemostatic Balance: A Brief Review. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11040074. [PMID: 37104148 PMCID: PMC10143125 DOI: 10.3390/sports11040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemostatic balance refers to the dynamic balance between blood clot formation (coagulation), blood clot dissolution (fibrinolysis), anticoagulation, and innate immunity. Although regular habitual exercise may lower the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) by improving an individual’s hemostatic profile at rest and during exertion, vigorous exercise may increase the risk of sudden cardiac death and venous thromboembolism (VTE). This literature review aims to investigate the hemostatic system’s acute and chronic adaptive responses to different types of exercise in healthy and patient populations. Compared to athletes, sedentary healthy individuals demonstrate similar post-exercise responses in platelet function and coagulatory and fibrinolytic potential. However, hemostatic adaptations of patients with chronic diseases in regular training is a promising field. Despite the increased risk of thrombotic events during an acute bout of vigorous exercise, regular exposure to high-intensity exercise might desensitize exercise-induced platelet aggregation, moderate coagulatory parameters, and up-regulate fibrinolytic potential via increasing tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and decreasing plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) response. Future research might focus on combining different types of exercise, manipulating each training characteristic (frequency, intensity, time, and volume), or investigating the minimal exercise dosage required to maintain hemostatic balance, especially in patients with various health conditions.
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22
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Wang L, Zhao X, Lu Y, Xiao J. Non-coding RNAs: a new frontier in regulation of exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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23
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Lakkisto P, Dalgaard LT, Belmonte T, Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Devaux Y, de Gonzalo-Calvo D. Development of circulating microRNA-based biomarkers for medical decision-making: a friendly reminder of what should NOT be done. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:141-152. [PMID: 36325621 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2128030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Circulating cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) represent a major reservoir for biomarker discovery. Unfortunately, their implementation in clinical practice is limited due to a profound lack of reproducibility. The great technical variability linked to major pre-analytical and analytical caveats makes the interpretation of circulating cell-free miRNA data challenging and leads to inconsistent findings. Additional efforts directed to standardization are fundamental. Several well-established protocols are currently used by independent groups worldwide. Nonetheless, there are some specific aspects in specimen collection and processing, sample handling, miRNA quantification, and data analysis that should be considered to ensure reproducibility of results. Here, we have addressed this challenge using an alternative approach. We have highlighted and discussed common pitfalls that negatively impact the robustness of circulating miRNA quantification and their application for clinical decision-making. Furthermore, we provide a checklist usable by investigators to facilitate and ensure the control of the whole miRNA quantification and analytical process. We expect that these recommendations improve the reproducibility of findings, and ultimately, facilitate the incorporation of circulating miRNA profiles into clinical practice as the next generation of disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Lakkisto
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Thalia Belmonte
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-informatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Balchin C, Tan AL, Wilson OJ, McKenna J, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A. The role of microRNAs in regulating inflammation and exercise-induced adaptations in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2023; 7:rkac110. [PMID: 36699549 PMCID: PMC9870706 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously generated single-stranded RNAs that play crucial roles in numerous biological processes, such as cell development, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism and apoptosis. They negatively regulate target gene expression by repressing translation of messenger RNA into a functional protein. Several miRNAs have been implicated in the development and progression of RA. They are involved in inflammatory and immune processes and are associated with susceptibility to RA and disease activity. They are also considered to be potential markers of disease activity or even therapeutic targets. Likewise, several miRNAs are affected acutely by exercise and regulate exercise-related adaptations in the skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system and aerobic fitness. Interestingly, some miRNAs affected by exercise are also important in the context of RA. Investigating these might increase our understanding of the effects of exercise in RA and improve exercise prescription and, potentially, disease management. In this review, we focus on the miRNAs that are associated with both RA and exercise and discuss their roles in (and potential interactions between) RA and exercise-induced adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai Lyn Tan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Oliver J Wilson
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Jim McKenna
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Antonios Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou
- Correspondence to: Antonios Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, 225 Fairfax Hall, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds LS6 3QS, UK. E-mail:
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25
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MicroRNAs: Small Molecules with Significant Functions, Particularly in the Context of Viral Hepatitis B and C Infection. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59010173. [PMID: 36676797 PMCID: PMC9862007 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A MicroRNA (miRNA) is defined as a small molecule of non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Its molecular size is about 20 nucleotides (nt), and it acts on gene expression's regulation at the post-transcription level through binding to the 3'untranslated regions (UTR), coding sequences, or 5'UTR of the target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which leads to the suppression or degradation of the mRNA. In recent years, a huge evolution has identified the origin and function of miRNAs, focusing on their important effects in research and clinical applications. For example, microRNAs are key players in HCV infection and have important host cellular factors required for HCV replication and cell growth. Altered expression of miRNAs affects the pathogenicity associated with HCV infection through regulating different signaling pathways that control HCV/immunity interactions, proliferation, and cell death. On the other hand, circulating miRNAs can be used as novel biomarkers and diagnostic tools for HCV pathogenesis and early therapeutic response. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNA) have been involved in hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene expression and advanced antiviral discovery. They regulate HBV/HCV replication and pathogenesis with different pathways involving facilitation, inhibition, activation of the immune system (innate and adaptive), and epigenetic modifications. In this short review, we will discuss how microRNAs can be used as prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic tools, especially for chronic hepatitis viruses (HBV and HCV), as well as how they could be used as new biomarkers during infection and advanced treatment.
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26
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Chalchat E, Martin V, Charlot K, Bourrilhon C, Baugé S, Bourdon S, Gruel A, Lepetit B, Banzet S, Garcia-Vicencio S, Siracusa J. Circulating microRNA levels after exercise-induced muscle damage and the repeated bout effect. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R58-R69. [PMID: 36374177 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00096.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The neuromuscular system can quickly adapt to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), such that it is less affected by subsequent damaging exercise, a phenomenon known as the repeated bout effect (RBE). Circulating muscle-specific microRNAs (myomiRs) may be able to potentially predict the long-lasting maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque deficit (>24 h), an indicator of EIMD. We aimed to investigate: 1) how plasma myomiR levels are modified by the RBE and 2) whether plasma myomiRs can predict the long-lasting MVC torque deficit. Nineteen participants performed two identical bouts of loaded downhill walking separated by 2 wk. MVC torque, creatine kinase (CK) activity, myoglobin (Mb) concentration, and myomiR levels were measured before and up to 48 h after exercise. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the ability of these markers to predict the largest MVC torque loss beyond 24 h postexercise. Similar to MVC torque, CK activity, and the Mb concentration, the relative abundance of certain myomiRs (hsa-miR-1-3p, and hsa-miR-133a-3p) was less affected after the second bout of exercise relative to the first bout. The CK activity, Mb concentration, and level of several myomiRs (hsa-miR-1-3p, hsa-miR-133a-3p, and hsa-miR-206) correlated with long-lasting MVC torque loss. Multiple regression showed that the best combination of markers to predict the long-lasting deficit of MVC torque included several myomiRs, Mb, and CK. Certain myomiR levels increased less after exercise bout 2 than after exercise bout 1, indicating the presence of the RBE. The measurement of myomiR levels in combination with Mb concentrations and CK activity could improve the prediction of the long-lasting MVC torque deficit.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study is the first to show that plasma muscle-specific microRNA (myomiR) levels can be modified by the repeated bout effect, as their levels increased less after the second exercise bout relative to the first. This study is also the first to suggest that myomiR levels could be used to partially predict maximal voluntary contraction torque loss at 24 h postexercise (i.e., the magnitude of exercise-induced muscle damage). Interestingly, the combined measurement of certain myomiR levels with those of myoglobin and creatine kinase improved the predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeric Chalchat
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.,AME2P, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Martin
- AME2P, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Keyne Charlot
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.,Le Laboratoire de Biologie de l'Exercice pour la Performance et la Santé, Université de Evry, Institut de Recherches Biomédicales des Armées, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Cyprien Bourrilhon
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.,Le Laboratoire de Biologie de l'Exercice pour la Performance et la Santé, Université de Evry, Institut de Recherches Biomédicales des Armées, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Stéphane Baugé
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.,Le Laboratoire de Biologie de l'Exercice pour la Performance et la Santé, Université de Evry, Institut de Recherches Biomédicales des Armées, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Stéphanie Bourdon
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.,Le Laboratoire de Biologie de l'Exercice pour la Performance et la Santé, Université de Evry, Institut de Recherches Biomédicales des Armées, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Arnaud Gruel
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.,Le Laboratoire de Biologie de l'Exercice pour la Performance et la Santé, Université de Evry, Institut de Recherches Biomédicales des Armées, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Benoit Lepetit
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.,Le Laboratoire de Biologie de l'Exercice pour la Performance et la Santé, Université de Evry, Institut de Recherches Biomédicales des Armées, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Sébastien Banzet
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Clamart, France.,INSERM UMRS-MD 1197, Université de Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Sebastian Garcia-Vicencio
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.,Le Laboratoire de Biologie de l'Exercice pour la Performance et la Santé, Université de Evry, Institut de Recherches Biomédicales des Armées, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France.,Human Motion Analysis, Humanfab, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Julien Siracusa
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.,Le Laboratoire de Biologie de l'Exercice pour la Performance et la Santé, Université de Evry, Institut de Recherches Biomédicales des Armées, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France
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27
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Krammer UD, Tschida S, Berner J, Lilja S, Switzeny OJ, Hippe B, Rust P, Haslberger AG. MiRNA-based “fitness score” to assess the individual response to diet, metabolism, and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022; 19:455-473. [PMID: 35937778 PMCID: PMC9351578 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2106148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regular, especially sustained exercise plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of multiple chronic diseases. Some of the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms behind the adaptive response to physical activity are still unclear, but recent findings suggest a possible role of epigenetic mechanisms, especially miRNAs, in the progression and management of exercise-related changes. Due to the combination of the analysis of epigenetic biomarkers (miRNAs), the intake of food and supplements, and genetic dispositions, a “fitness score” was evaluated to assess the individual response to nutrition, exercise, and metabolic influence. Methods In response to a 12-week sports intervention, we analyzed genetic and epigenetic biomarkers in capillary blood from 61 sedentary, healthy participants (66.1% females, 33.9% males, mean age 33 years), including Line-1 methylation, three SNPs, and ten miRNAs using HRM and qPCR analysis. These biomarkers were also analyzed in a healthy, age- and sex-matched control group (n, 20) without intervention. Food frequency intake, including dietary supplement intake, and general health questionnaires were surveyed under the supervision of trained staff. Results Exercise training decreased the expression of miR-20a-5p, −22-5p, and −505-3p (p < 0.02) and improved the “fitness score,” which estimates eight different lifestyle factors to assess, nutrition, inflammation, cardiovascular fitness, injury risk, regeneration, muscle and hydration status, as well as stress level. In addition, we were able to determine correlations between individual miRNAs, miR-20a-5p, −22-5p, and −101-3p (p < 0.04), and the genetic predisposition for endurance and/or strength and obesity risk (ACE, ACTN3, and FTO), as well as between miRNAs and the body composition (p < 0.05). MiR-19b-3p and −101-3p correlated with the intake of B vitamins. Further, miR-19b-3p correlated with magnesium and miR-378a-3p with iron intake (p < 0.05). Conclusions In summary, our results indicate that a combined analysis of several biomarkers (miRNAs) can provide information about an individual’s training adaptions/fitness, body composition, nutritional needs, and possible recovery. In contrast to most studies using muscle biopsies, we were able to show that these biomarkers can also be measured using a minimally invasive method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvia Tschida
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Berner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie Lilja
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Berit Hippe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- HealthBioCare GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Rust
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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28
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Gevaert AB, Wood N, Boen JRA, Davos CH, Hansen D, Hanssen H, Krenning G, Moholdt T, Osto E, Paneni F, Pedretti RFE, Plösch T, Simonenko M, Bowen TS. Epigenetics in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: influence of exercise and nutrition. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:2183-2199. [PMID: 35989414 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence links changes in epigenetic systems, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA expression, to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). These epigenetic modifications can change genetic function under influence of exogenous stimuli and can be transferred to next generations, providing a potential mechanism for inheritance of behavioural intervention effects. The benefits of exercise and nutritional interventions in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD are well established, but the mechanisms are not completely understood. In this review, we describe the acute and chronic epigenetic effects of physical activity and dietary changes. We propose exercise and nutrition as potential triggers of epigenetic signals, promoting the reshaping of transcriptional programmes with effects on CVD phenotypes. Finally, we highlight recent developments in epigenetic therapeutics with implications for primary and secondary CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B Gevaert
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken D.T.228, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp 2610, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nathanael Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jente R A Boen
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken D.T.228, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dominique Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium.,BIOMED-REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian Institute of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Women's Health, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elena Osto
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto F E Pedretti
- Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS MultiMedica, Care and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Perinatal Neurobiology, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maria Simonenko
- Physiology Research and Blood Circulation Department, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test SRL, Federal State Budgetary Institution, 'V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre' of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - T Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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29
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Wu S, Lin S, Zhang X, Alizada M, Wang L, Zheng Y, Ke Q, Xu J. Recent advances in cell-based and cell-free therapeutic approaches for sarcopenia. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22614. [PMID: 36250337 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200675r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive loss of muscle mass and function that is connected with increased hospital expenditures, falls, fractures, and mortality. Although muscle loss has been related to aging, injury, hormonal imbalances, and diseases such as malignancies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, and kidney failure, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of sarcopenia are unclear. Exercise-based interventions and multimodal strategies are currently being considered as potential therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat these diseases. Although drug therapy research is ongoing, no drug has yet been proven to have a substantial safety and clinical value to be the first drug therapy to be licensed for sarcopenia. To better understand the molecular alterations underlying sarcopenia and effective treatments, we review leading research and available findings from the systemic change to the muscle-specific microenvironment. Furthermore, we explore possible mechanisms of sarcopenia and provide new knowledge for the development of novel cell-free and cell-based therapeutics. This review will assist researchers in developing better therapies to improve muscle health in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Wu
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Mujahid Alizada
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Liangmin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yiqiang Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Ke
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedic, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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30
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Jayasooriya V, Johnson N, Bradley A, Kotarsky C, Jepng’etich L, Friesner D, Stastny S, Hackney KJ, Nawarathna D. A Miniaturized MicroRNA Sensor Identifies Targets Associated with Weight Loss in a Diet and Exercise Intervention among Healthy Overweight Individuals. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6758. [PMID: 36146115 PMCID: PMC9505139 DOI: 10.3390/s22186758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Weight loss through dietary and exercise intervention is commonly prescribed but is not effective for all individuals. Recent studies have demonstrated that circulating microRNA (miR) biomarkers could potentially be used to identify individuals who will likely lose weight through diet and exercise and attain a healthy body weight. However, accurate detection of miRs in clinical samples is difficult, error-prone, and expensive. To address this issue, we recently developed iLluminate-a low-cost and highly sensitive miR sensor suitable for point-of-care testing. To investigate if miR testing and iLluminate can be used in real-world obesity applications, we developed a pilot diet and exercise intervention and utilized iLluminate to evaluate miR biomarkers. We evaluated the expression of miRs-140, -935, -let-7b, and -99a, which are biomarkers for fat loss, energy metabolism, and adipogenic differentiation. Responders lost more total mass, tissue mass, and fat mass than non-responders. miRs-140, -935, -let-7b, and -99a, collectively accounted for 6.9% and 8.8% of the explained variability in fat and lean mass, respectively. At the level of the individual coefficients, miRs-140 and -935 were significantly associated with fat loss. Collectively, miRs-140 and -935 provide an additional degree of predictive capability in body mass and fat mass alternations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidura Jayasooriya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Nathaniel Johnson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Adam Bradley
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Christopher Kotarsky
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Lizzy Jepng’etich
- Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Daniel Friesner
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Sherri Stastny
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kyle J. Hackney
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Dharmakeerthi Nawarathna
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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31
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Faraldi M, Sansoni V, Perego S, Gomarasca M, Gerosa L, Ponzetti M, Rucci N, Banfi G, Lombardi G. Acute changes in free and extracellular vesicle-associated circulating miRNAs and myokine profile in professional sky-runners during the Gran Sasso d’Italia vertical run. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:915080. [PMID: 36090046 PMCID: PMC9459384 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.915080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of gene expression profile, a first step in adaptation to exercise, leads to changes in the level of molecules associated with skeletal muscle activity and energy metabolism—such as myokines—as well as those involved in their transcriptional regulation, like microRNA. This study aimed to investigate the influence of strenuous exercise on circulating microRNAs and their possible association with myokine response. Pre-competition and post-competition plasma samples were collected from 14 male athletes participating in a vertical run (+1,000 m gain, 3,600 m length). Circulating total (t-miRNA) and extracellular vesicle-associated (EV-miRNA) miRNAs were extracted from the pooled plasma. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was performed to investigate pre- and post-competition EV concentration and size distribution. A panel of 179 miRNAs was assayed by qPCR and analyzed by Exiqon GenEx v6 normalized on the global mean. t-miRNA and EV-miRNAs whose level was ≥5-fold up- or down-regulated were validated for each single subject. Target prediction on MirWalk v3.0, Gene-Ontology, and pathway enrichment analysis on Panther v17.0 were performed to define the potential biological role of the identified miRNAs. A panel of 14 myokines was assayed in each sample by a multiplex immunoassay. In whole plasma, five miRNAs were upregulated and two were downregulated; in the EV fraction, five miRNAs were upregulated and three were downregulated. Nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed a similar EV size distribution in pre- and post-competition samples and a decreased concentration in post-competition samples related to pre-competition samples. Gene-Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the identified t-miRNAs and EV-miRNAs were potentially involved in metabolism regulation in response to exercise. Correlation between fold-change of the post-competition relative to pre-competition plasma level of both t-miRNAs and EV-miRNAs and myokines further confirmed these results. This study provides an example of a systemic response to acute endurance exercise, in which circulating miRNAs play a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Faraldi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - V. Sansoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - S. Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: S. Perego,
| | - M. Gomarasca
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - L. Gerosa
- Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato Foundation, Milano, Italy
| | - M. Ponzetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - N. Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - G. Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - G. Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Polska
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32
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Epigenetic Alterations in Sports-Related Injuries. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081471. [PMID: 36011382 PMCID: PMC9408207 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a well-known fact that physical activity benefits people of all age groups. However, highly intensive training, maladaptation, improper equipment, and lack of sufficient rest lead to contusions and sports-related injuries. From the perspectives of sports professionals and those performing regular–amateur sports activities, it is important to maintain proper levels of training, without encountering frequent injuries. The bodily responses to physical stress and intensive physical activity are detected on many levels. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone protein methylation, acetylation, and miRNA expression occur in response to environmental changes and play fundamental roles in the regulation of cellular activities. In the current review, we summarise the available knowledge on epigenetic alterations present in tissues and organs (e.g., muscles, the brain, tendons, and bones) as a consequence of sports-related injuries. Epigenetic mechanism observations have the potential to become useful tools in sports medicine, as predictors of approaching pathophysiological alterations and injury biomarkers that have already taken place.
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33
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Wu Y, Guo X, Peng Y, Fang Z, Zhang X. Roles and Molecular Mechanisms of Physical Exercise in Sepsis Treatment. Front Physiol 2022; 13:879430. [PMID: 35845992 PMCID: PMC9277456 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.879430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is a planned, purposeful action to keep a healthy lifestyle and improve physical fitness. Physical exercise has been widely used as a non-pharmacological approach to preventing and improving a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, metabolic disease, and neurodegenerative disease. However, the effects of physical exercise on sepsis have not been summarized until now. In this review, we discuss the effects of physical exercise on multiple organ functions and the short- and long-time outcomes of sepsis. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of physical exercise on sepsis are discussed. In conclusion, we consider that physical exercise may be a beneficial and non-pharmacological alternative for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Joint Logistics Force No. 988 Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuliang Peng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zongping Fang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zongping Fang, ; Xijing Zhang,
| | - Xijing Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zongping Fang, ; Xijing Zhang,
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34
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Telles GD, Conceição MS, Vechin FC, Libardi CA, Mori MADS, Derchain S, Ugrinowitsch C. Exercise-Induced Circulating microRNAs: Potential Key Factors in the Control of Breast Cancer. Front Physiol 2022; 13:800094. [PMID: 35784874 PMCID: PMC9244175 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.800094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Losses in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and metabolic function are harmful in the pathophysiology of serious diseases, including breast cancer. Physical exercise training is an effective non-pharmacological strategy to improve health and quality of life in patients with breast cancer, mainly through positive effects on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and metabolic function. Emerging evidence has also highlighted the potential of exercise-induced crosstalk between skeletal muscle and cancer cells as one of the mechanisms controlling breast cancer progression. This intercellular communication seems to be mediated by a group of skeletal muscle molecules released in the bloodstream known as myokines. Among the myokines, exercise-induced circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) are deemed to mediate the antitumoral effects produced by exercise training through the control of key cellular processes, such as proliferation, metabolism, and signal transduction. However, there are still many open questions regarding the molecular basis of the exercise-induced effects on c-miRNA on human breast cancer cells. Here, we present evidence regarding the effect of exercise training on c-miRNA expression in breast cancer, along with the current gaps in the literature and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Defante Telles
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Soares Conceição
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cassaro Vechin
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Augusto Libardi
- MUSCULAB—Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves da Silva Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sophie Derchain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Carlos Ugrinowitsch,
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35
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Chow LS, Gerszten RE, Taylor JM, Pedersen BK, van Praag H, Trappe S, Febbraio MA, Galis ZS, Gao Y, Haus JM, Lanza IR, Lavie CJ, Lee CH, Lucia A, Moro C, Pandey A, Robbins JM, Stanford KI, Thackray AE, Villeda S, Watt MJ, Xia A, Zierath JR, Goodpaster BH, Snyder MP. Exerkines in health, resilience and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:273-289. [PMID: 35304603 PMCID: PMC9554896 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The health benefits of exercise are well-recognized and are observed across multiple organ systems. These beneficial effects enhance overall resilience, healthspan and longevity. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of exercise, however, remain poorly understood. Since the discovery in 2000 that muscle contraction releases IL-6, the number of exercise-associated signalling molecules that have been identified has multiplied. Exerkines are defined as signalling moieties released in response to acute and/or chronic exercise, which exert their effects through endocrine, paracrine and/or autocrine pathways. A multitude of organs, cells and tissues release these factors, including skeletal muscle (myokines), the heart (cardiokines), liver (hepatokines), white adipose tissue (adipokines), brown adipose tissue (baptokines) and neurons (neurokines). Exerkines have potential roles in improving cardiovascular, metabolic, immune and neurological health. As such, exerkines have potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, and possibly in the facilitation of healthy ageing. This Review summarizes the importance and current state of exerkine research, prevailing challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Chow
- Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan M Taylor
- Department of Pathology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for PA Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain institute and Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Scott Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zorina S Galis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yunling Gao
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacob M Haus
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Lee
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cedric Moro
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse III University-Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Ambarish Pandey
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy M Robbins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alice E Thackray
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Saul Villeda
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley Xia
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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36
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Germena G, Zelarayán LC, Hinkel R. Cellular Chitchatting: Exploring the Role of Exosomes as Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:860005. [PMID: 35433670 PMCID: PMC9008366 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.860005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small bi-lipid membranous vesicles (30–150 nm) containing different biological material such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. These small vesicles, inducing a cell to cell signaling pathway, are able to mediate multidirectional crosstalk to maintain homeostasis or modulate disease processes. With their various contents, exosomes sort and transfer specific information from their origin to a recipient cell, from a tissue or organ in the close proximity or at distance, generating an intra-inter tissue or organ communication. In the last decade exosomes have been identified in multiple organs and fluids under different pathological conditions. In particular, while the content and the abundance of exosome is now a diagnostic marker for cardiovascular diseases, their role in context-specific physiological and pathophysiological conditions in the cardiovascular system remains largely unknown. We summarize here the current knowledge on the role of exosomes as mediators of cardiovascular diseases in several pathophysiological conditions such as atherosclerosis and diabetes. In addition, we describe evidence of intercellular connection among multiple cell type (cardiac, vasculature, immune cells) as well as the challenge of their in vivo analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Germena
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Giulia Germena, ; Rabea Hinkel,
| | - Laura Cecilia Zelarayán
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Deutsches Primatenzentrum GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour (ITTN), Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Giulia Germena, ; Rabea Hinkel,
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37
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Widmann M, Mattioni Maturana F, Burgstahler C, Erz G, Schellhorn P, Fragasso A, Schmitt A, Nieß AM, Munz B. miRNAs as markers for the development of individualized training regimens: A pilot study. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15217. [PMID: 35274816 PMCID: PMC8915711 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small, non‐coding RNAs (microRNAs) have been shown to regulate gene expression in response to exercise in various tissues and organs, thus possibly coordinating their adaptive response. Thus, it is likely that differential microRNA expression might be one of the factors that are responsible for different training responses of different individuals. Consequently, determining microRNA patterns might be a promising approach toward the development of individualized training strategies. However, little is known on (1) microRNA patterns and their regulation by different exercise regimens and (2) possible correlations between these patterns and individual training adaptation. Here, we present microarray data on skeletal muscle microRNA patterns in six young, female subjects before and after six weeks of either moderate‐intensity continuous or high‐intensity interval training on a bicycle ergometer. Our data show that n = 36 different microRNA species were regulated more than twofold in this cohort (n = 28 upregulated and n = 8 downregulated). In addition, we correlated baseline microRNA patterns with individual changes in VO2max and identified some specific microRNAs that might be promising candidates for further testing and evaluation in the future, which might eventually lead to the establishment of microRNA marker panels that will allow individual recommendations for specific exercise regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Widmann
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Mattioni Maturana
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christof Burgstahler
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Erz
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Schellhorn
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annunziata Fragasso
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angelika Schmitt
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Nieß
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Munz
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sports and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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38
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Lavin KM, Coen PM, Baptista LC, Bell MB, Drummer D, Harper SA, Lixandrão ME, McAdam JS, O’Bryan SM, Ramos S, Roberts LM, Vega RB, Goodpaster BH, Bamman MM, Buford TW. State of Knowledge on Molecular Adaptations to Exercise in Humans: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3193-3279. [PMID: 35578962 PMCID: PMC9186317 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, regular exercise has been acknowledged as a potent stimulus to promote, maintain, and restore healthy functioning of nearly every physiological system of the human body. With advancing understanding of the complexity of human physiology, continually evolving methodological possibilities, and an increasingly dire public health situation, the study of exercise as a preventative or therapeutic treatment has never been more interdisciplinary, or more impactful. During the early stages of the NIH Common Fund Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) Initiative, the field is well-positioned to build substantially upon the existing understanding of the mechanisms underlying benefits associated with exercise. Thus, we present a comprehensive body of the knowledge detailing the current literature basis surrounding the molecular adaptations to exercise in humans to provide a view of the state of the field at this critical juncture, as well as a resource for scientists bringing external expertise to the field of exercise physiology. In reviewing current literature related to molecular and cellular processes underlying exercise-induced benefits and adaptations, we also draw attention to existing knowledge gaps warranting continued research effort. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3193-3279, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M. Lavin
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret B. Bell
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Devin Drummer
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A. Harper
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Manoel E. Lixandrão
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeremy S. McAdam
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samia M. O’Bryan
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sofhia Ramos
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M. Roberts
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rick B. Vega
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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The effects of aerobic exercise on blood plasma microRNA level in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stevanović-Silva J, Beleza J, Coxito P, Costa RC, Ascensão A, Magalhães J. Fit mothers for a healthy future: Breaking the intergenerational cycle of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with maternal exercise. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13596. [PMID: 34120338 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED SPECIAL ISSUE: 'FOIEGRAS-Bioenergetic Remodelling in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease'. BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) emerges as significant health burden worldwide. Lifestyle changes, unhealthy dietary habits and physical inactivity, can trigger NAFLD development. Persisting on these habits during pregnancy affects in utero environment and prompts a specific metabolic response in foetus resulting in offspring metabolic maladjustments potentially critical for developing NAFLD later in life. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD, particularly in children, has shifted the research focus towards preventive and therapeutic strategies. Yet, designing effective approaches that can break the NAFLD intergenerational cycle becomes even more complicated. Regular physical exercise (PE) is a powerful non-pharmacological strategy known to counteract deleterious metabolic outcomes. In this narrative review, we aimed to briefly describe NAFLD pathogenesis focusing on maternal nutritional challenge and foetal programming, and to provide potential mechanisms behind the putative intergenerational effect of PE against metabolic diseases, including liver diseases. METHODS Following detailed electronic database search, recent existing evidence about NAFLD development, intergenerational programming and gestational exercise effects was critically analysed and discussed. RESULTS PE during pregnancy could have a great potential to counteract intergenerational transmission of metabolic burden. The interplay between different PE roles-metabolic, endocrine and epigenetic-could offer a more stable in utero environment to the foetus, thus rescuing offspring vulnerability to metabolic disturbances. CONCLUSIONS The better understanding of maternal PE beneficial consequences on offspring metabolism could reinforce the importance of PE during pregnancy as an indispensable strategy in improving offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stevanović-Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Beleza
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Coxito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Carlos Costa
- Department of Communication and Art, Research Institute for Design, Media and Culture (ID+), Aveiro University, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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De Sousa RAL, Improta-Caria AC. Regulation of microRNAs in Alzheimer´s disease, type 2 diabetes, and aerobic exercise training. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:559-580. [PMID: 35075500 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. The evolution and aggregation of amyloid beta (β) oligomers is linked to insulin resistance in AD, which is also the major characteristic of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Being physically inactive can contribute to the development of AD and/or T2D. Aerobic exercise training (AET), a type of physical exercise, can be useful in preventing or treating the negative outcomes of AD and T2D. AD, T2D and AET can regulate the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we review some of the changes in miRNAs expression regulated by AET, AD and T2D. MiRNAs play an important role in the gene regulation of key signaling pathways in both pathologies, AD and T2D. MiRNA dysregulation is evident in AD and has been associated with several neuropathological alterations, such as the development of a reactive gliosis. Expression of miRNAs are associated with many pathophysiological mechanisms involved in T2D like insulin synthesis, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, intracellular signaling, and lipid profile. AET regulates miRNAs levels. We identified 5 miRNAs (miR-21, miR-29a/b, miR-103, miR-107, and miR-195) that regulate gene expression and are modulated by AET on AD and T2D. The identified miRNAs are potential targets to treat the symptoms of AD and T2D. Thus, AET is a non-pharmacological tool that can be used to prevent and fight the negative outcomes in AD and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas- Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, nº 5000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, CEP 39100-000, Brazil.
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
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Garbern JC, Lee RT. Heart regeneration: 20 years of progress and renewed optimism. Dev Cell 2022; 57:424-439. [PMID: 35231426 PMCID: PMC8896288 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, and thus there remains great interest in regenerative approaches to treat heart failure. In the past 20 years, the field of heart regeneration has entered a renaissance period with remarkable progress in the understanding of endogenous heart regeneration, stem cell differentiation for exogenous cell therapy, and cell-delivery methods. In this review, we highlight how this new understanding can lead to viable strategies for human therapy. For the near term, drugs, electrical and mechanical devices, and heart transplantation will remain mainstays of cardiac therapies, but eventually regenerative therapies based on fundamental regenerative biology may offer more permanent solutions for patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Corresponding author and lead contact: Richard T. Lee, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, Phone: 617-496-5394, Fax: 617-496-8351,
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de Luca Corrêa H, Neves RVP, Deus LA, Reis AL, Raab ATO, Rodrigues-Silva PL, Barbosa JMS, de Araújo TB, da Silva MGS, Ferreira CES, Simões HG, Prestes J, Franco OL, Andrade RV, Dos Santos Rosa T. MicroRNA levels in hemodialysis patients following resistance training: Associations with functional performance, inflammatory profile, sestrins-2, and nitric oxide. Exp Gerontol 2022; 162:111761. [PMID: 35240260 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the effects of long-term resistance training (RT) on expression of the four selected microRNAs (miRNA or mir) and further association with biomarkers related to functional performance in older end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS Twenty-five older hemodialysis patients (glomerular filtration rate <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 aged 68.28 ± 1.06) were recruited for the study. Patients were allocated to two groups (control, n = 12 and RT, n = 13). The RT group completed 24 weeks of training, with sessions held three times per week on alternate days. Blood samples were collected pre- and post- intervention for miRNA and biochemical assays. Results were considered significant at P < 0.05. RESULTS RT promoted benefits in inflammatory profile, nitric oxide, sestrins-2, anthropometric data, and functional performance. Trained subjects presented a 51% decrease in miRNA-31 after intervention. In addition, miRNA-1 increased 128% after RT protocol. miRNA-1 significantly correlated with functional performance, inflammatory profile, sestrins-2, and nitric oxide (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the upregulation of miRNA-1 could be associated with physiological benefits promoted by RT in hemodialysis patients, providing novel understanding for potential regulatory miRNA effects on physiological RT response. These findings might point out to strategic direction for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo de Luca Corrêa
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | | | - Lysleine Alves Deus
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Andrea Lucena Reis
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Vieira Andrade
- Graduate Program of Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Thiago Dos Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil.
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Biogenesis and Function of Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiological Processes Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114954. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Babaei P, Azari HB. Exercise Training Improves Memory Performance in Older Adults: A Narrative Review of Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:771553. [PMID: 35153701 PMCID: PMC8829997 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.771553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphical AbstractExercise, neurotransmitters, growth factors, myokines, and potential effects on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Babaei
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- *Correspondence: Parvin Babaei,
| | - Helya Bolouki Azari
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Podgórski R, Cieśla M, Podgórska D, Bajorek W, Płonka A, Czarny W, Trybulski R, Król P. Plasma microRNA-320a as a Potential Biomarker of Physiological Changes during Training in Professional Volleyball Players. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11010263. [PMID: 35012004 PMCID: PMC8746094 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A deeper insight into the mechanisms responsible for athlete performance that may serve as specific and detailed training indicators is still desired, because conventionally used biomarkers provide limited information about the adaptive processes that occur during exercise. The objective of our study was to assess insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors (IGF1R) gene expression and evaluate plasma concentration of selected microRNAs (miRNAs) during a 10-week training period (sampling times: week 1, 4, 7, and 10) in a group of 12 professional female volleyball players. Circulating miRNAs (miR-223, miR-320a, and miR-486) with established concentration in plasma and documented association with the IGF1 signaling pathway, which is involved in muscle development and recovery, were tested. The levels of analyzed miRNAs, tested by one-way ANOVA, were significantly different between four training periods during a 10-week training cycle (miR-223 p < 0.0001, miR-320a p = 0.00021, miR-486 p = 0.0037, respectively). The levels of IGF1R also appeared to be different (p = 0.00092), and their expression showed a trend to increase between the first and third periods. In the fourth period, the expression decreased, although it was higher compared with the baseline. Correlations between concentration levels of miR-223 and miR-320a (rs = 0.54, p < 0.001), as well as between miR-320a and miR-486 (rs = 0.73, p < 0.001) were also found. In the fourth period, a negative correlation between miR-223 plasma level and leucocyte IGF1R expression was found (rs = -0.63, p = 0.028). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that miR-320a (p = 0.024) and creatine kinase (p = 0.028) had the greatest impact on the expression levels of the IGF1R gene. Future studies are required to define whether these miRNAs, especially miR-320a, as well as IGF1R expression could be useful biomarkers of physiological changes during exercise and to discover their detailed biological roles in mode-specific exercise training adaptations of professional athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Podgórski
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-17851-68-55
| | - Marek Cieśla
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Dominika Podgórska
- Department of Internal Diseases, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Bajorek
- Institute of Physical Culture Studies, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (W.B.); (A.P.); (W.C.); (P.K.)
| | - Artur Płonka
- Institute of Physical Culture Studies, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (W.B.); (A.P.); (W.C.); (P.K.)
| | - Wojciech Czarny
- Institute of Physical Culture Studies, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (W.B.); (A.P.); (W.C.); (P.K.)
| | - Robert Trybulski
- Department of Medical Sciences, The Wojciech Korfanty School of Economics, 40-659 Katowice, Poland;
- Provita Zory Medical Center, 44-240 Zory, Poland
| | - Paweł Król
- Institute of Physical Culture Studies, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (W.B.); (A.P.); (W.C.); (P.K.)
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Postnikov PV, Efimova YA, Pronina IV. Circulating MicroRNAs as a New Class of Biomarkers of Physiological Reactions of the Organism to the Intake of Dietary Supplements and Drugs. Microrna 2022; 11:25-35. [PMID: 35466889 DOI: 10.2174/2211536611666220422123437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of individual microRNAs (miRNAs) as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for the effective treatment of various diseases has aroused particular interest in the scientific community. The determination of circulating miRNAs makes it possible to assess biological changes associated with nutritional processes, the intake of dietary supplements and drugs, etc. The profile of circulating miRNAs reflects the individual adaptation of the organism to the effect of specific environmental conditions. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to systematize the data and show the importance of circulating miRNAs as new potential biomarkers of the organism's response to the intake of various dietary supplements, drugs, and consider the possibility of their use in doping control. METHODS A systematic analysis of scientific publications (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) on the miRNA expression profile in response to the intake of dietary supplements and drugs most often used by athletes, and supposed their role as potential markers in modern doping control was carried out. RESULTS The profile of circulating miRNAs is highly dependent on the intake of a particular drug, and, therefore, may be used as a marker of the effects of biologically active supplements and drugs including the substances from the Prohibited List of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). CONCLUSION Monitoring of circulating miRNAs can serve as a high-precision marker for detecting doping abuse in elite sports. However, it is necessary to conduct additional studies on the effect of complex drugs on the profile of circulating miRNAs and individual circulating miRNAs on a particular biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Postnikov
- National Antidoping Laboratory (Institute), M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A Efimova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Pronina
- National Antidoping Laboratory (Institute), M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Transcriptomics and Pathogenomics, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution \'Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology", Moscow, Russia
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Jiang Y, Ghias K, Gupta S, Gupta A. MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Exercise-Based Cancer Rehabilitation in Cancer Survivors. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1439. [PMID: 34947970 PMCID: PMC8707107 DOI: 10.3390/life11121439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression and functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely investigated in cancer treatment-induced complications and as a response to physical activity, respectively, but few studies focus on the application of miRNAs as biomarkers in exercise-based cancer rehabilitation. Research has shown that certain miRNA expression is altered substantially due to tissue damage caused by cancer treatment and chronic inflammation. MiRNAs are released from the damaged tissue and can be easily detected in blood plasma. Levels of the miRNA present in peripheral circulation can therefore be used to measure the extent of tissue damage. Moreover, damage to tissues such as cardiac and skeletal muscle significantly affects the individual's health-related fitness, which can be determined using physiologic functional assessments. These physiologic parameters are a measure of tissue health and function and can therefore be correlated with the levels of circulating miRNAs. In this paper, we reviewed miRNAs whose expression is altered during cancer treatment and may correlate to physiological, physical, and psychological changes that significantly impact the quality of life of cancer survivors and their role in response to physical activity. We aim to identify potential miRNAs that can not only be used for monitoring changes that occur in health-related fitness during cancer treatment but can also be used to evaluate response to exercise-based rehabilitation and monitor individual progress through the rehabilitation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ananya Gupta
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (Y.J.); (K.G.); (S.G.)
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Qiu Y, Pan X, Chen Y, Xiao J. Hallmarks of exercised heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 164:126-135. [PMID: 34914934 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of exercise in humans on the heart have been well recognized for many years. Long-term endurance exercise training can induce physiologic cardiac hypertrophy with normal or enhanced heart function, and provide protective benefits in preventing heart failure. The heart-specific responses that occur during exercise are complex and highly variable. This review mainly focuses on the current understanding of the structural and functional cardiac adaptations to exercise as well as molecular pathways and signaling proteins responsible for these changes. Here, we summarize eight tentative hallmarks that represent common denominators of the exercised heart. These hallmarks are: cardiomyocyte growth, cardiomyocyte fate reprogramming, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, mitochondrial remodeling, epigenetic alteration, enhanced endothelial function, quiescent cardiac fibroblast, and improved cardiac metabolism. A major challenge is to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms for cardio-protective effects of exercise, and to identify therapeutic targets for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Cappelli K, Mecocci S, Capomaccio S, Beccati F, Palumbo AR, Tognoloni A, Pepe M, Chiaradia E. Circulating Transcriptional Profile Modulation in Response to Metabolic Unbalance Due to Long-Term Exercise in Equine Athletes: A Pilot Study. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121965. [PMID: 34946914 PMCID: PMC8701225 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has been associated with the modulation of micro RNAs (miRNAs), actively released in body fluids and recognized as accurate biomarkers. The aim of this study was to measure serum miRNA profiles in 18 horses taking part in endurance competitions, which represents a good model to test metabolic responses to moderate intensity prolonged efforts. Serum levels of miRNAs of eight horses that were eliminated due to metabolic unbalance (Non Performer-NP) were compared to those of 10 horses that finished an endurance competition in excellent metabolic condition (Performer-P). Circulating miRNA (ci-miRNA) profiles in serum were analyzed through sequencing, and differential gene expression analysis was assessed comparing NP versus P groups. Target and pathway analysis revealed the up regulation of a set of miRNAs (of mir-211 mir-451, mir-106b, mir-15b, mir-101-1, mir-18a, mir-20a) involved in the modulation of myogenesis, cardiac and skeletal muscle remodeling, angiogenesis, ventricular contractility, and in the regulation of gene expression. Our preliminary data open new scenarios in the definition of metabolic adaptations to the establishment of efficient training programs and the validation of athletes’ elimination from competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
- Sports Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samanta Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Stefano Capomaccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
- Sports Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0755857765
| | - Francesca Beccati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
- Sports Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Rosario Palumbo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Alessia Tognoloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
- Sports Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Chiaradia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (S.M.); (F.B.); (A.R.P.); (A.T.); (M.P.); (E.C.)
- Sports Horse Research Center, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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