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Zhang D, Shi L, Zhu X, Chen S, Liu Y. Effects of intervention integrating physical literacy into active school recesses on physical fitness and academic achievement in Chinese children. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:376-384. [PMID: 37927355 PMCID: PMC10624586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective The aim of this study was to examine the effects of school-based intervention integrating physical literacy (PL) into active school recesses (ASR) on physical fitness (i.e., body composition, 20-m shuttle run, 50-m run, rope skipping, sit and reach, handgrip) and academic achievement (i.e., academic result of Chinese and Mathematics) in Chinese children. Methods A total of 357 children (mean age: 7.8 ± 0.7 years; boys: 50.4%) were recruited from two schools and these two schools were randomly assigned as the intervention group (IG) and the control group (CG), respectively. The IG consisted of 155 children (mean age: 7.9 ± 0.7 years, boys: 51.0%), and 202 children (mean age: 7.8 ± 0.7 years; boys: 50%) were allocated to the CG. Children in the IG received a 10-week intervention integrating PL that was conducted during ASR. In the CG, children's regular school activity was remained during the intervention period. Generalized estimating equation was performed to compare the levels of physical fitness and academic achievement between the IG and the CG after intervention. Results Regarding physical fitness, there was a significant group × time interaction on 20-m shuttle run (β = -3.89, 95% CI [-5.08; -2.71], p < 0.001) and handgrip (β = -0.70, 95% CI [-1.20; -0.20], p = 0.006). After intervention, children in the IG had a greater increase than the CG (p < 0.001) in terms of 20-m shuttle run and handgrip. In addition, the post-test analysis indicated that performance of children in the IG was significantly greater than those in the CG (20-m shuttle run: p < 0.001, handgrip: p = 0.002). There was a significant group × time interaction on academic result of Chinese (β = -1.21, 95% CI [-1.91; -0.56], p = 0.001) and academic result of Mathematics (β = 16.71, 95% CI [15.14; 18.143], p < 0.001). Statistically significant positive difference in post-test was observed in academic result of Mathematics between the IG and the CG (p = 0.012). Conclusion The results of this intervention study indicate that intervention integrating PL into ASR could bring a promising effect on physical fitness and academic achievement in children. It is recommended that future studies are necessary to assess the effects of ASR-based PL intervention on physical and cognitive outcomes using a wide range of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Shi
- Shanghai Teacher Education Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhu
- Education Institute of Yangpu District Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Konharn K, Po S, Karawa J, Sangpara P, Johnson LD. Behavioral Determinants of Physical Activity Among Secondary School Students Aged 14-15 Years in Cambodia. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:954-962. [PMID: 37433521 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little known about physical activity (PA) behaviors and its determinants in Cambodian adolescents, particularly with regard to the home and school settings. Therefore, we aimed to investigate these behaviors and determinants on their PA. METHODS The samples collected were from 168 high school students, aged 14-15 years. They were requested to complete the self-report PA questionnaire. Time spent in PA during weekday and weekend by school location and gender, and determinants on PA were analyzed. Differences in the mean values of the PA levels (in minutes) during weekday and the weekend between genders, and between school locations were analyzed using independent sample t tests. The percentage of students' perceptions on the determinants were calculated. Chi-squared test was used to compare the differences in prevalence of students' activities during their free time with respect to school location and gender. RESULTS The majority of the parents (86.9%-98.2%) demonstrated strong support for their children for academic work. Rural students spent an average time of moderate-to-vigorous PA greater than their counterparts from the urban areas during their weekend days (329.1 vs 239.2 min, respectively). Moderate to vigorous PA was likely to be higher during the weekends compared with weekdays among the boys (387.9 vs 361.4 min, respectively). Girls were more likely to spend their time on moderate to vigorous PA during the weekdays compared with the weekends (205.4 vs 180.5 min, respectively). CONCLUSION Consideration should be given to gender, school location, free time, and the environmental setting for the contextualization of more effective PA interventions with Cambodian youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurusart Konharn
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen,Thailand
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen,Thailand
| | - Suvannetra Po
- Kampong Speu Institute of Technology, Kampong Speu,Cambodia
| | - Jirachai Karawa
- Faculty of Management Sciences and Information Technology, Program in Sports Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhonphanom,Thailand
| | - Paramaporn Sangpara
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Program in Applied Statistics, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham,Thailand
| | - Lee David Johnson
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen,Thailand
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Sánchez-Oliva D, Leech RM, Esteban-Cornejo I, Cristi-Montero C, Pérez-Bey A, Cabanas-Sánchez V, Grao-Cruces A, Castro-Piñero J. Sedentary behaviour profiles and longitudinal associations with academic performance in youth: The UP&DOWN study. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:181-189. [PMID: 37125866 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2204584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated longitudinal associations between profile transitions of context-specific sedentary behaviour (SB) and changes in academic performance (AP) among school-aged youth. Participants were 466 children and 717 adolescents (50.8% males) aged 8-18 years (children = 7.92 ± 0.41 years; adolescents = 11.85 ± 1.53 years). Non-school SBs and AP were evaluated at baseline and two years later. General linear mixed models were implemented, controlling for age, region, parental education, body mass index, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Cross-sectionally, participants with an Educative-profile (i.e., highest scores in doing homework with/without computer and reading for fun) had higher AP when compared to other profiles. Longitudinally, males who changed from a Screen- to an Educative-profile had higher AP than males who changed from an Educative- to a Social- or Screen-SB profile (p < 0.01). No significant differences were found in females. These findings show the importance of analysing SB patterns from a qualitative perspective (i.e., context-specific for boosting school children AP) and highlighting time spent in educative as the most positive for AP, as well the need to implement interventions to reduce time on screen and social behaviours, especially targeting males.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sánchez-Oliva
- ACAFYDE Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rebecca M Leech
- The Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Bey
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Grao-Cruces
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
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Sánchez-Miguel PA, Molina-López J, Vaquero-Solís M, Tapia-Serrano MA. Sedentary behaviours and their relationship with academic performance in adolescents: A mediation analysis. J Sports Sci 2023; 40:2570-2577. [PMID: 36739532 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2174731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present research aims to examine the relationship between the four dimensions of sedentary behaviours and academic performance, as well as to test the association between sedentary behaviours and academic performance in boys and girls in a sample of Spanish adolescents. A total of 2,216 adolescents aged 11 to 16 years old, both males (13.30 ± 0.92) and females (13.06 ± 0.86), participated. Sleep duration, physical activity, and sedentary behaviours were measured through questionnaires. Academic performance was assessed with students´ marks. Potential confounders such as sex, age, socioeconomic status, and cardiorespiratory fitness were also measured. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, analysis of differences, and multiple mediation analysis were conducted. It was observed that girls spend more time on sedentary educational or social behaviours, while boys spend much more time on screen time. Sedentary behaviours such as educational time, screen time, and relaxing time were associated with academic performance. Specifically, educational time appears to be positively related to academic performance. Nevertheless, screen time and relaxing time were negatively associated with academic performance. The multiple mediation analysis revealed that screen time was the most negative behaviour on academic performance. The outcomes are discussed to improve knowledge about sedentary behaviours and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression. Faculty of Teaching Training, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Molina-López
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Center, Health Sciences Technological Park, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Vaquero-Solís
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression. Faculty of Teaching Training, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Tapia-Serrano
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression. Faculty of Teaching Training, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Elish PN, Bryan CS, Boedeker P, Saksvig ER, Calvert HG, Kay CM, Meyer A, Gazmararian JA. School-Day Physical Activity and Academic Achievement: Mediators Among US Elementary Students. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Zhang D, Hong J, Chen S, Liu Y. Associations of physical activity with academic achievement and academic burden in Chinese children and adolescents: do gender and school grade matter? BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1496. [PMID: 35932047 PMCID: PMC9356485 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) was significantly associated with cognition and mental health in children and adolescent. However, there were few studies examining the associations of PA with academic achievement (AA) and academic burden (AB) by gender and school grade. Hence, this study aimed to 1) investigate the associations of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) with AA and AB in Chinese children and adolescents, and 2) assess whether these associations vary by gender and school grade. Methods Using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design (at four different regions in Southern east China), 2653 children and adolescents (8–19 years old, 51.2% girls) were included. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data on study participants’ gender, school grade, family social economic status (SES), parental education level, MVPA, AA and AB. Binary logistic regression was applied to examine the associations of MVPA with AA (groups: above-average AA, average and below-average AA) and AB (groups: reporting AB, reporting no AB) with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). After testing gender*grade interaction, those associations were explored by gender and school grade separately. Results In the overall sample, compared with children and adolescents who did not meet the PA guidelines (at least 60 min MVPA daily), children and adolescents who met the PA guidelines were more likely to have above-average (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.21–2.11) AA, and report no AB (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.13–2.30). In both genders, meeting the PA guidelines was positively associated with above-average AA (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01–2.03 for boys; OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.43–3.44 for girls). However, the significant relationship between meeting the PA guidelines and AB was observed only in girls (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.17–3.39). Meeting the PA guidelines was positively associated with above-average AA (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.18–2.40), and reporting no AB (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.08–2.91) only in middle school students. Conclusions This study suggested that sufficient PA may be a contributary factor of improved AA and lower level of AB in Chinese children and adolescents. However, associations of PA with AA and AB may be different across gender or school grade. Promoting PA among girls or middle school students may be a good approach to improve AA and reduce AB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jintao Hong
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,Shanghai Research Centre for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Carreira-Míguez M, Belinchón-deMiguel PP, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Behavioural, odontological and physical activity patterns of hypertense and control population. Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113841. [PMID: 35561809 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Behavioural and multifactorial factors such as odontological and physical activity habits are controlling factors in hypertension. The aim of the present study was to analyze differences in behavioral, odontological and physical activity patterns of hypertense and control population. Fifty participants with hypertension (57.5±13.6 years) and 100 participants as control group with no hypertension disease (48.9±7.9 years) were interviewed via online questionnaire. Multifactorial items in oral behavioral, health habits and physical activity profile were analyzed by a compendium of questionnaires. Result showed how control group showed significantly lower age, weight, body mass index, TV hours per day, gastritis or heartburn, dental sensibility, and sick days last year, and significantly higher level of academic education, quality of sleep and daily toothbrushing than hypertension group. In conclusion our results showed that hypertense patients presented higher levels of overweight, poor sleep quality and sedentary behaviors than control participants. In addition, hypertense patients also presented poor odontological health, showing higher indices of gastritis, dental sensibility, and sick days per year. Both groups presented a low physical activity pattern. This information allows to better understand of a multifactorial disease, as well to the creation of protocols for intervention and prevention of this disease at the behavioral level and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carreira-Míguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, Madrid 28670 , Spain.
| | | | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, Madrid 28670 , Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia.
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Muntaner-Mas A, Mazzoli E, Abbott G, Mavilidi MF, Galmes-Panades AM. Do Physical Fitness and Executive Function Mediate the Relationship between Physical Activity and Academic Achievement? An Examination Using Structural Equation Modelling. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9060823. [PMID: 35740760 PMCID: PMC9221993 DOI: 10.3390/children9060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Physical activity health benefits are widely known. However, the association between physical activity, physical fitness, executive function, and academic performance need further investigation. Additionally, one of the literature gaps reveals scarce and mixed findings on what mediators of physical activity may affect academic achievement. Purpose: This investigation aims to provide knowledge about the mediation role of physical fitness and executive function in the association of physical activity with academic achievement in a cohort of Spanish schoolchildren using a structural equation modelling approach. Methods: The data for this cross-sectional study were collected from a convenience sample of children from Spain (Balearic Islands) aged between 9 and 13 years. Physical activity levels were self-reported with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children; physical fitness was assessed using the International Fitness Scale; executive function was assessed with the Trail Making Test, and children’s achievements were collected from the school records. Structural equation modelling was used to explore the relationship between physical activity, physical fitness, executive function, and academic achievement. Findings: Statistically significant positive direct associations were observed between physical activity and physical fitness (β = 0.46, 95% CI [0.29, 0.64]), physical fitness and executive function (β = 0.28, 95% CI [0.04, 0.52]), and executive function and academic achievement (β = 0.46, 95% CI [0.28, 0.65]), while adjusting for the confounding effects of sex and body mass index. Furthermore, indirect associations were observed between physical activity and executive function mediated by physical fitness (β = 0.13, bias-corrected 95% CI [0.02, 0.31]) and between physical fitness and academic achievement through executive function (β = 0.13, bias-corrected 95% CI [0.03, 0.32]). Conclusions: This investigation adds to the literature with evidence supporting the idea that regular PA leads to improvements in physical fitness and may support cognitive skills and academic performance in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Muntaner-Mas
- GICAFE “Physical Activity and Exercise Sciences Research Group”, Faculty of Education, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain;
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Emiliano Mazzoli
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Myrto F. Mavilidi
- School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Aina M. Galmes-Panades
- GICAFE “Physical Activity and Exercise Sciences Research Group”, Faculty of Education, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain;
- CIBEROBN “CIBER Consortium of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition”, Carlos III Health Research Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Mao Y, Xie B, Chen B, Cai Y, Wu J, Zhang J, Shao R, Li Y. Mediating Effect of Sleep Quality on the Relationship Between Electronic Screen Media Use and Academic Performance Among College Students. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:323-334. [PMID: 35250321 PMCID: PMC8893155 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s346851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the effects of sleep quality on the association between pre-bedtime electronic screen media use for entertainment and academic performance among college students. We hypothesized that sleep quality mediates the association between pre-bedtime electronic screen media entertainment use and academic performance among college students. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey with 1385 participants (age 19.99 ± 1.4 years [range, 17-24 years] and 36.82% males) conducted at Shantou University. The levels of academic performance were based on self-reported academic class ranking from average grades of their last final major examinations. Poor sleep quality was defined as a total score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >7. The pre-bedtime prolonged electronic screen media use for entertainment (PESM-E) was defined as the use of electronic screen media for entertainment longer than 60 minutes/night after 10:00 p.m. during the past 6 months. RESULTS College students with pre-bedtime PESM-E were 1.28-fold more likely to have a poor academic performance than those who used electronic screen media less than 60 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.57, P=0.020). Furthermore, pre-bedtime PESM-E was significantly associated with poor sleep quality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.87, 95% CI: 1.27-2.74, P=0.001) after controlling for confounders. Mediation model showed that poor sleep quality accounted for 53.08% of the effect of pre-bedtime PESM-E on lower levels of academic performance (Sobel Z=2.04, P=0.041). CONCLUSION Pre-bedtime PESM-E is associated with poor academic performance in college students, and this association is mediated by poor sleep quality. Our findings highlight the importance of limiting the use of electronic screen media before bedtime in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Mao
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Shantou University Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biyao Xie
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baixin Chen
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Shantou University Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilin Cai
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahan Wu
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Zhang
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Shantou University Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruifan Shao
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Shantou University Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Shantou University Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
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Dunston ER, Messina ES, Coelho AJ, Chriest SN, Waldrip MP, Vahk A, Taylor K. Physical activity is associated with grit and resilience in college students: Is intensity the key to success? JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:216-222. [PMID: 32240056 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1740229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the independent associations among physical activity, sitting, grit, and resilience in college students. Participants: Undergraduate students (n = 244) from a regional university participated in the study in January 2018. Methods: An online survey regarding physical activity, grit, and resilience was distributed via email. Linear regression analyses were used to determine independent associations among grit, resilience, physical activity and sitting. One-way ANCOVAs were used to determine differences in grit and resilience across levels of activity. Results: Vigorous physical activity was positively associated with resilience and the perseverance of effort grit domain, while being negatively associated with the consistency of interest grit domain. Further, grit and resilience scores were significantly higher with increased volumes of vigorous, but not moderate, physical activity. Conclusions: The intensity of physical activity may play an important role in psychosocial determinants related to student success such as grit and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Dunston
- Department of Wellness and Movement Sciences, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington, USA
| | - Emily S Messina
- Department of Wellness and Movement Sciences, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington, USA
| | - Alan J Coelho
- Department of Wellness and Movement Sciences, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington, USA
| | - Shelby N Chriest
- Department of Wellness and Movement Sciences, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington, USA
| | - Martin P Waldrip
- Department of Wellness and Movement Sciences, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington, USA
| | - Annika Vahk
- Department of Wellness and Movement Sciences, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington, USA
| | - Katrina Taylor
- Department of Wellness and Movement Sciences, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, Washington, USA
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11
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Visier-Alfonso ME, Sánchez-López M, Álvarez-Bueno C, Ruiz-Hermosa A, Nieto-López M, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Mediators between physical activity and academic achievement: A systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32:452-464. [PMID: 34837413 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has suggested the beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) on academic achievement (AA). However, the mechanisms underlying this influence remain unclear. Some proposed mechanisms include physiological, cognitive, psychological, and behavioral paths. This study aimed to analyze mediators between PA and AA in children and adolescents. METHODS Systematic search in Medline, SPORTDiscuss, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science for observational and experimental studies, published up to March 2021. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies (75237 participants, aged 4-16) were included. The designs of these studies were: 21 studies cross-sectional, 5 longitudinal, and 2 experimental. Eight out of nine studies analyzing fitness as a mediator reported positive results, and one reported null finding. Adiposity was a significant mediator in one study, in two only in girls, and two reported null results. Cognition as a mediator was supported by four studies, whereas two reported null results. Regarding mental well-being, 10 out of 14 studies reported positive effects, and one out of five behavioral studies found positive results. Although studies were too sparse to draw conclusions, overall, the results indicated that self-esteem, self-image, self-efficacy, stress, and health behaviors might be potential mediators in the relationship between PA and AA. All studies were rated as medium-high quality. CONCLUSION Overall, the available evidence seems to suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness, cognition, mental well-being, and exercise-related behaviors play some role as mediators of the relationship between PA and AA. However, the cross-sectional nature of most of the reviewed studies prevents us from making any statement in terms of causal paths. Thus, well-designed follow-up and randomized controlled studies aimed not only to tests the effect of PA in AA, but also to examine the influence of mediators are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Abel Ruiz-Hermosa
- School of Education, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marta Nieto-López
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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12
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Guirado T, Chambonnière C, Chaput JP, Metz L, Thivel D, Duclos M. Effects of Classroom Active Desks on Children and Adolescents' Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Academic Achievements and Overall Health: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062828. [PMID: 33802133 PMCID: PMC7999033 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of active desks in the school setting on sedentary behavior, physical activity, academic achievements and overall health among children and adolescents aged 5-17 years. A systematic literature search was conducted using five databases until October 2020. Twenty-three studies were included. Studies reported an increase of around 36% in energy expenditure for cycling desks and between 15% and 27.7% for upright active desks. Children increased inhibitory control and selective attention capacity while using cycling desks. A heterogeneous quality of design and of results were observed limiting comparisons and conclusions for each active desk. Despite the lack of strong methodology for the included studies, active desks appear to be a promising intervention in classrooms to improve health-related outcomes in children aged 5-17 years. Due to weak methodology, future studies with stronger study designs and methodology are needed to better inform policy and practice about the role of classroom active desks on health-related outcomes in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Guirado
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, (AME2P), UE3533, Clermont Auvergne University, 63170 Aubiere, France; (C.C.); (L.M.); (D.T.)
- Auvergne Research Center for Human Nutrition (CRNH), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +33-473405488
| | - Camille Chambonnière
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, (AME2P), UE3533, Clermont Auvergne University, 63170 Aubiere, France; (C.C.); (L.M.); (D.T.)
- Auvergne Research Center for Human Nutrition (CRNH), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada;
| | - Lore Metz
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, (AME2P), UE3533, Clermont Auvergne University, 63170 Aubiere, France; (C.C.); (L.M.); (D.T.)
- Auvergne Research Center for Human Nutrition (CRNH), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, (AME2P), UE3533, Clermont Auvergne University, 63170 Aubiere, France; (C.C.); (L.M.); (D.T.)
- Auvergne Research Center for Human Nutrition (CRNH), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Martine Duclos
- Auvergne Research Center for Human Nutrition (CRNH), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UFR Médecine, Clermont Auvergne University, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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13
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Barth Vedøy I, Skulberg KR, Anderssen SA, Tjomsland HE, Thurston M. Physical activity and academic achievement among Norwegian adolescents: Findings from a longitudinal study. Prev Med Rep 2021; 21:101312. [PMID: 33537183 PMCID: PMC7841350 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A longitudinal study of youth explored physical activity and academic achievement. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry and academic achievement by school grades. Mediation through changes in waist circumference and sleep duration were explored. Changes in physical activity were not associated with changes in academic achievement. There was no mediation via changes in waist circumference or sleep duration.
Regular physical activity (PA) has been associated with academic achievement, but the evidence is mainly based on cross-sectional research and self-reported measures of PA. The purpose of the current study was to explore the longitudinal relationship between objectively measured PA and academic achievement among a cohort of adolescents in Norway between 2016 and 2018. As a secondary aim, an indirect relationship via waist circumference (WC) and sleep duration was assessed. Data from 599 adolescents (54.4% female, mean age at baseline ± SD 13.3 ± 0.3 years) were collected annually during their three years at lower secondary school. PA was measured objectively using accelerometry. Academic achievement was assessed using grade point average (GPA) from school records. Linear regression analysis was performed to explore associations between longitudinal changes in measures of PA (Total PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA]) and academic achievement directly or via mediators. Results showed no significant associations between Total PA or MVPA and academic achievement, either in the main analyses or through mediation of WC and sleep duration. The results contribute to a growing evidence base of studies showing no association between objectively measured PA and academic achievement among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Barth Vedøy
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Postboks 400, 2418 Elverum, Norway.,The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Postboks 4014 Ullevål stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Miranda Thurston
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Postboks 400, 2418 Elverum, Norway
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14
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Zahedi S, Jaffer R, Iyer A. A systematic review of screen-time literature to inform educational policy and practice during COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH OPEN 2021; 2:100094. [PMID: 35059672 PMCID: PMC8592820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedro.2021.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for consensus around the matter of screen time (ST) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some governments announced restrictions for online schooling time per day to protect students from perceived risks of prolonged screen-use, but critics and an emerging body of research question such regulations. Our review of 52 empirical studies found (a) an overwhelming majority of literature shows effect sizes too small to be of practical or clinical significance, and (b) findings more specifically on educational ST are inconclusive and critically underrepresented. These facts, along with the undeniable benefits of online learning in the absence of brick-and-mortar schooling and the ominous forecasts of learning loss caused by prolonged school closure, inform our recommendations for a more moderate policy and practical stance on restrictions - one that is focused on responsibly leveraging the educational and social benefits of ST in a world still recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhea Jaffer
- Manager of Research and Outreach, The Acres Foundation, Mumbai, India
| | - Anuj Iyer
- Head of Learning & Innovation, The Acres Foundation, Mumbai, India
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15
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Gender matters when sports engagement and self-efficacy interact with academic achievement. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11218-020-09598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Autonomic Profile, Physical Activity, Body Mass Index and Academic Performance of School Students. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12176718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the autonomic modulation, physical activity, body mass index, and academic performance of preschool and school students by grade. Extracurricular physical activity, heart rate variability, body mass index, and objective and subjective academic performance were analyzed in 180 preschool and primary school students (7.91 ± 2.29 years). Significant lower heart rate and higher parasympathetic modulation were found in 10–12-year-old primary education students. The 8–9-year-old students obtained the worst results in English and in five of the subjective academic performance items. Students aged 10–12 years old presented the highest body composition values. No significant differences were found on the extracurricular physical activity by age. No correlation between autonomic profile, physical activity, and body composition with objective academic performance was found. Nerveless subjective academic performance perception of teachers presented a negative correlation with body composition and the parasympathetic modulation. School students presented an increased body mass index and parasympathetic modulation by age. Physical activity of all students, independently of the age, were lower than the official recommendations.
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17
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Haapala EA, Haapala HL, Syväoja H, Tammelin TH, Finni T, Kiuru N. Longitudinal associations of physical activity and pubertal development with academic achievement in adolescents. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:265-273. [PMID: 32444151 PMCID: PMC7242213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the longitudinal associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and pubertal development with academic achievement in adolescents. METHODS A total of 635 adolescents (283 boys, 352 girls) aged 11-13 years participated in the study. MVPA was assessed by the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study questionnaire, and pubertal development was assessed by the Pubertal Development Scale at beginning of the 6th grade (baseline) and end of the 7th grade (follow-up). Grade point average (GPA) at the end of Grades 5 and 7 was computed from data acquired from the school registers. The data were analyzed using linear regression and analyses of covariance. RESULTS In boys, MVPA was positively associated with GPA at baseline after adjustment for age (β = 0.144, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.028-0.260, p = 0.028). In girls, the Pubertal Development Scale was positively associated with GPA at baseline (β = 0.104, 95%CI: -0.004 to 0.211, p = 0.058) and follow-up (β = 0.104, 95%CI: -0.002 to 0.211, p = 0.055) after adjustment for age, and these associations strengthened after further adjustment for MVPA (p < 0.05). Adolescents who were inactive at baseline or at baseline and follow-up had lower GPA during follow-up than their continuously highly active peers (mean difference = -0.301, 95%CI: -0.543 to -0.058, p = 0.009) and all other adolescents (mean difference = -0.247, 95%CI: -0.475 to -0.019, p = 0.029). These differences were greater in girls than in boys. CONCLUSION Lower levels of MVPA were associated with lower GPA in boys at baseline. Girls who were continuously inactive had lower GPA over the follow-up period than those who were continuously active. Finally, earlier pubertal development was associated with better academic achievement in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero A Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland; Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, FI-70211, Finland.
| | - Henna L Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Heidi Syväoja
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, FI-40700, Finland
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, FI-40700, Finland
| | - Taija Finni
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Noona Kiuru
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
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18
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Academic Achievement and Physical Activity: The Ideal Relationship to Promote a Healthier Lifestyle in Adolescents. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:525-532. [PMID: 32221041 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School environment provides several intervention opportunities for physical activity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between objectively assessed moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and academic achievement in adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from 301 students aged between 13 and 15 years (46.51% boys), enrolled at 7 secondary schools in the city of Huesca (Spain). Participants wore accelerometers during a 7-day period, and their academic achievement was calculated from the average marks of all subjects. Structural equation modeling and quadratic regression analysis were performed to test both linear and nonlinear explanatory models. One-way analysis of variance was also performed to explore the effect of gender and the percentage of compliance with MVPA recommendations. RESULTS MVPA on weekdays and higher levels of body mass index were negatively associated with academic achievement. According to the curvilinear relationship, those students whose MVPA levels were closer to the daily recommendation were more likely to obtain higher academic achievement. However, a significant association was only shown in the case of boys. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who satisfy the international recommendations tend to obtain better academic achievement. Therefore, MVPA for adolescents should be prescribed within some beneficial time margins (50-70 min/d).
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19
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Howie EK, Joosten J, Harris CJ, Straker LM. Associations between meeting sleep, physical activity or screen time behaviour guidelines and academic performance in Australian school children. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:520. [PMID: 32303199 PMCID: PMC7165394 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08620-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines suggest too little sleep, too little physical activity, and too much sedentary time are associated with poor health outcomes. These behaviours may also influence academic performance in school children. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between sleep, physical activity, or sedentary behaviours and academic performance in a school with a well-developed and integrated technology use and well-being program. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey of students (n = 934, Grades 5-12) in an Australian school with a bring-your-own device (tablet or laptop computer) policy. Students reported sleep, physical activity, and sedentary (screen and non-screen) behaviours. Academic performance was obtained from school records. Linear regressions were used to test the association between behaviours and academic performance outcomes. RESULTS Seventy-four percent of students met sleep guidelines (9 to 11 h for children 5-13 years and 8 to 10 h for 14-17 year olds), 21% met physical activity guidelines (60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity every day), and 15% met screen time guidelines (no more than 2 h recreational screen time per day); only 2% met all three. There were no associations between meeting sleep guidelines and academic performance; however later weekend bedtimes were associated with poorer academic performance (- 3.4 points on the Average Academic Index, 95%CI: - 5.0, - 1.7, p < .001). There were no associations between meeting physical activity guidelines and academic performance. Meeting screen guidelines was associated with higher Average Academic Index (5.8, 95%CI: 3.6, 8.0, p < .001), Maths 7.9, 95%CI: 4.1, 11.6, p < .001) and English scores (3.8, 95%CI: 1.8, 5.8, p < .001) and higher time in sedentary behaviours was associated with poorer academic performance, including total sedentary behaviours in hrs/day (5.8 points on Average Academic Index, 95%CI: 3.6, 8.0, p < .001. Meeting at least two of the three behaviour guidelines was associated with better academic performance. CONCLUSIONS Sleep and sedentary behaviours were linked to academic performance. School communities should emphasize comprehensive wellness strategies to address multiple behaviours to maximize student health and academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K. Howie
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayeteville, AR USA
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Courtenay J. Harris
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Leon M. Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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20
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Physical Fitness with Regular Lifestyle Is Positively Related to Academic Performance among Chinese Medical and Dental Students. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5602395. [PMID: 32016116 PMCID: PMC6988676 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5602395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between physical fitness, lifestyle, and academic performance of Chinese college students and investigate the differences among medical and dental students on their lifestyle. Methods This study was conducted with 316 students enrolled from 2012 to 2014 at Tongji University. Scores from the college physical test were used to represent the students' physical fitness condition. Lifestyle was measured by some variables extracted from the students' behavior data provided by the university's information center. Academic performance was measured by the average score of basic courses and the average score of professional courses. Demographic information, including age, gender, nation, and family background, was also obtained. Separate multiple linear regression analysis was performed for modeling academic performance and physical fitness with a p value threshold of 0.05. Results A total of 212 (45.97% females) medical students and 104 (58.65% females) dental students participated in this study. Physical fitness score (medical: r = 0.34, p value threshold of 0.05. r = 0.34, p value threshold of 0.05. r = 0.34, p value threshold of 0.05. r = 0.34, p value threshold of 0.05. r = 0.34, p value threshold of 0.05. r = 0.34, p value threshold of 0.05. r = 0.34, p value threshold of 0.05. r = 0.34, p value threshold of 0.05. r = 0.34, p value threshold of 0.05. r = 0.34, p value threshold of 0.05. r = 0.34, p value threshold of 0.05. r = 0.34, p value threshold of 0.05. r = 0.34, p value threshold of 0.05. r = 0.34, p value threshold of 0.05. Conclusion Physical fitness, library usage, and the regularity of lifestyle are significant contributors to academic performance among Chinese medical and dental students. Moreover, medical students are shown to have less rest time compared to dental students.
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Ekblom MM, Ekblom ÖB, Börjesson M, Bergström G, Jern C, Wallin A. Device-Measured Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity and Aerobic Fitness Are Independent Correlates of Cognitive Performance in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults-Results from the SCAPIS Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16245136. [PMID: 31888199 PMCID: PMC6949984 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
High aerobic fitness, more moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and less sedentary behavior (SED) have all been suggested to promote cognitive functions, but it is unclear whether they are independent predictors of specific cognitive domains. This study aimed to investigate to what extent aerobic fitness MVPA and SED are independently associated with cognitive performance among middle-aged Swedish adults. We acquired device-based measures of aerobic fitness, cognitive performance and percent daily time spent in MVPA and SED in Swedish adults (n = 216; 54–66 years old). Aerobic fitness was associated with better performance at one out of two tests of speed/attention and one out of four tests of executive attention, and with worse performance at one of seven tests of memory. Increasing %MVPA was associated with better performance at one out of seven tests of memory and two out of three tests of verbal ability, whereas increasing %SED was associated with better performance at all four tests of executive attention and four out of seven tests of memory. These findings suggest that aerobic fitness, %MVPA and %SED are partly independent correlates of cognitive performance. To fully understand the association between SED and performance at several tests of cognitive function, future investigations might attempt to investigate intellectually engaging SED (such as reading books) separately from mentally undemanding SED (such as watching TV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Ekblom
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, 11486 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Örjan B. Ekblom
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburgh, Sweden; (M.B.); (A.W.)
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food, Nutrition and Sports Science, 40530 Gothenburgh, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburgh, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburgh, Sweden;
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburgh, Sweden
| | - Christina Jern
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Clinical genetics and genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburgh, Sweden
| | - Anders Wallin
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburgh, Sweden; (M.B.); (A.W.)
- The Memory Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 40530 Gothenburgh, Sweden
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22
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Galan-Lopez P, Domínguez R, Pihu M, Gísladóttir T, Sánchez-Oliver AJ, Ries F. Evaluation of Physical Fitness, Body Composition, and Adherence to Mediterranean Diet in Adolescents from Estonia: The AdolesHealth Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224479. [PMID: 31739416 PMCID: PMC6888343 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyles, low levels of physical fitness, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) are associated with bad quality of life and the development of a wide range of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The current study aimed to evaluate the level of adherence to the MD in physical fitness performance and body composition parameters in children and adolescents of Estonia. Therefore, 413 adolescents (56% boys) from the city of Tartu completed the Mediterranean Diet Questionnaire (KIDMED) for analyzing the adherence to MD and performed the Alpha Fitness Test for measuring physical fitness and body composition. A 41.67% of low, 44.05% of average, and 14.28% of high adherence to MD was detected, without difference between genders (p = 0.747). In the Alpha Fitness battery, a higher performance was observed in all tests for boys vs. girls (p < 0.05). In relation to body composition, higher height, weight, and waist values were observed in boys (p < 0.05) and a lower body fat percentage (p < 0.01) without differences in body mass index (BMI; p = 0.906). The adherence to the MD is classified as average/low. Gender significantly influences all variables of the Alpha Fitness battery and anthropometrics measures excepting BMI. According the levels of adherence to the MD, no statistically different prevalence was observed for Non-Overweight (N-Oweight), Non-Overfat (N-Ofat), or Non-Overwaist (N-Owaist). Still, a risk factor for Overweight (Oweight) in boys with low adherence was observed in comparison to those with a mid-level of adherence to the MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Galan-Lopez
- Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.G.-L.); (F.R.)
| | - Raúl Domínguez
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Universidad Isabel I, Universidad Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Maret Pihu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 51005 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Thordis Gísladóttir
- Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, 105 Reykjavík, Iceland;
| | - Antonio J. Sánchez-Oliver
- Human Motricity and Sports Performance, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-656-305-480
| | - Francis Ries
- Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (P.G.-L.); (F.R.)
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Adelantado-Renau M, Moliner-Urdiales D, Cavero-Redondo I, Beltran-Valls MR, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Álvarez-Bueno C. Association Between Screen Media Use and Academic Performance Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:1058-1067. [PMID: 31545344 PMCID: PMC6764013 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The health consequences of excessive screen media use in children and adolescents are increasingly being recognized; however, the association between screen media use and academic performance remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES To estimate the association of time spent on screen-based activities with specific academic performance areas in children and adolescents and to examine this association separately in these populations. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ERIC were searched from database inception through September 2018. STUDY SELECTION Cross-sectional studies of the association between time or frequency of screen media use and academic performance in children and adolescents were independently screened by 2 researchers. A total of 5599 studies, published between 1958 and 2018 from 23 countries, were identified. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were processed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled effect size (ES). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Academic performance areas included composite scores, language, and mathematics. Screen media measurements included time or frequency of computer, internet, mobile phone, television, video game, and overall screen media use. RESULTS In total, 58 cross-sectional studies (1.0%) of 5599 articles were included in the systematic review, of which 30 (52%) were included in the meta-analysis. The systematic review studies involved 480 479 participants aged 4 to 18 years, ranging from 30 to 192 000 people per study, and the meta-analysis studies involved 106 653 total participants, ranging from 70 to 42 041 people per study. Across studies, the amount of time spent on overall screen media use was not associated with academic performance (ES = -0.29; 95% CI, -0.65 to 0.08). Individually, television viewing was inversely associated with composite academic performance scores (ES = -0.19; 95% CI, -0.29 to -0.09), language (ES = -0.18; 95% CI, -0.36 to -0.01), and mathematics (ES = -0.25; 95% CI, -0.33 to -0.16). Video game playing was inversely associated with composite scores (ES = -0.15; 95% CI, -0.22 to -0.08). Subgroup analyses found that television viewing was inversely associated with language only in children (ES = -0.20; 95% CI, -0.26 to -0.15), whereas both television viewing (ES = -0.19; 95% CI, -0.30 to -0.07) and video game playing (ES = -0.16; 95% CI, -0.24 to -0.09) were inversely associated with composite scores only in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Findings from this study suggest that each screen-based activity should be analyzed individually for its association with academic performance, particularly television viewing and video game playing, which appeared to be the activities most negatively associated with academic outcomes. Education and public health professionals should consider supervision and reduction to improve the academic performance of children and adolescents exposed to these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
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Galan-Lopez P, Sánchez-Oliver AJ, Ries F, González-Jurado JA. Mediterranean Diet, Physical Fitness and Body Composition in Sevillian Adolescents: A Healthy Lifestyle. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2009. [PMID: 31454923 PMCID: PMC6769614 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood and adolescent obesity has become one of the most vital challenges to overcome in the present age. Physical fitness, physical activity and the Mediterranean diet (MD) are valuable tools for its prevention and treatment. The main objective of this study is to analyze the associations between health-related physical fitness components, body composition and adherence to the MD in 917 adolescents aged from 13- to 16-years-old. The ALPHA-Fitness Test was used to measure physical fitness and body composition, and the Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (KIDMED) questionnaire was employed to assess the adherence to the MD. The associations between variables were tested according to gender and age a generalized linear model (GLM) univariate analysis (two factors) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA, with Bonferroni posthoc). As to the body composition and physical fitness variables, significant differences were obtained in both genders but not in relation to the adherence to the MD. The boys performed better in the physical fitness tests. Age was a determinant factor in adherence to the MD in the total sample, lowering as the age of the sample increases. Both the boys and girls who had a significantly higher performance in the endurance test were those who showed high/medium adherence to the MD. It is concluded that higher levels of cardiovascular endurance in boys and girls are associated with a medium and high adherence to the MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Galan-Lopez
- Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Seville (Research Lab HUM 962: Sports and Society), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Francis Ries
- Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Seville (Research Lab HUM 962: Sports and Society), 41013 Seville, Spain.
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25
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Adelantado-Renau M, Diez-Fernandez A, Beltran-Valls MR, Soriano-Maldonado A, Moliner-Urdiales D. The effect of sleep quality on academic performance is mediated by Internet use time: DADOS study. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95:410-418. [PMID: 29787701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of the present study were to analyze the association of sleep patterns with academic and cognitive performance in adolescents, and to test the potential mediating effect of different activities of screen media usage on this association. METHODS A sample of 269 adolescents (140 boys) aged 14 years from the baseline data of the Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud study completed questionnaires about sleep quality, cognitive performance, and leisure-time sedentary behaviors. Sleep duration was objectively computed using a wrist-worn GENEActiv accelerometer and academic performance was analyzed through school records. RESULTS Sleep quality (but not sleep duration) was associated with all the academic performance indicators (all p<0.05). Analysis of covariance revealed higher grades among adolescents with better sleep quality (PSQI≤5; all p<0.05). These analyses showed no differences regarding cognitive performance. Internet use time was revealed as a mediator of the association between sleep quality and academic performance, being significant for all academic performance indicators (PM ranging from 15.5% to 16.0%). CONCLUSIONS The association between sleep quality and academic performance in adolescents is mediated by time of Internet use. Overall, reducing Internet use in adolescents could be an achievable intervention for improving sleep quality, with potentially positive effects on academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Diez-Fernandez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Centro de Estudios Socio Sanitarios, Cuenca, Spain; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Enfermería, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Maria Reyes Beltran-Valls
- Universitat Jaume I, LIFE Research Group, Departamento de Educación, Castellon, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Escola Universitària de la Salut i l'Esport (EUSES), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alberto Soriano-Maldonado
- Universidad de Almería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Departamento de Educación, Almería, Spain; Universidad de Almería, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), Centro de Evaluación y Rehabilitación Neuropsicológica (CERNEP), Almería, Spain
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26
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The effect of sleep quality on academic performance is mediated by Internet use time: DADOS study. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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27
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Motives for Exercising and Associations with Body Composition in Icelandic Adolescents. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7060149. [PMID: 31226864 PMCID: PMC6628225 DOI: 10.3390/sports7060149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the motives that lead Icelandic teenagers to engage in physical exercise and the possible associations with variables of their body composition. For this purpose, the Self-Report of Reasons for the Practice of Physical Exercise questionnaire (AMPEF) was administered to 387 students (54% boys and 46% girls, Mage = 13.38 years) from Reykjavik (Iceland). The results reveal the subscales Revitalization and Enjoyment, Strength and Endurance, Challenge and Competition as the main motives for exercising among the participants. Boys score higher in all subscales than girls except for Revitalization and Enjoyment. Associations between the motive Weight Management and Appearance, and BMI and Fat % levels were found. It can be concluded that the participants’ physical exercise practice is based on the feelings and experiences they perceive in the sports practice process.
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Greenspan SB, Fefer SA, Whitcomb SA, Kemp JM. Incorporating physical activity‐based interventions in school psychology research and practice: A systematic review. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott B. Greenspan
- Department of Student Development in the College of EducationUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherst Massachusetts
| | - Sarah A. Fefer
- Department of Student Development in the College of EducationUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherst Massachusetts
| | - Sara A. Whitcomb
- Department of Student Development in the College of EducationUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherst Massachusetts
| | - Jessica M. Kemp
- Department of Student Development in the College of EducationUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherst Massachusetts
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Galan-Lopez P, Ries F, Gisladottir T, Domínguez R, Sánchez-Oliver AJ. Healthy Lifestyle: Relationship between Mediterranean Diet, Body Composition and Physical Fitness in 13 to 16-Years Old Icelandic Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2632. [PMID: 30477217 PMCID: PMC6313697 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Childhood and adolescent obesity are currently among the greatest challenges for public health. Physical activity, physical fitness, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), representing powerful indicators of healthy lifestyles, are shown as determinant factors in the prevention and treatment of obesity. The aim of the present study has been to analyse the relationship between health-related physical fitness components, body composition, and adherence to MD in 387 Icelandic adolescents of 13⁻16-years old (54% boys). The ALPHA Fitness Test was used to measure physical fitness and body composition. The KIDMED questionnaire was used to assess the adherence to MD among participants. Associations between variables were tested according to gender and age using linear regression models and analysis of variance. Participants with high/medium adherence to MD showed significantly higher endurance scores in both the boys and the girls. Gender differences were found. The boys in high/medium MD categories had significantly lower fat percentages and ran a 4 × 10 m sprint faster than the girls. The girls scored higher than the boys in endurance and speed-agility tests. It can be concluded that a high and medium adherence to MD is associated with high and very high endurance in both the girls and the boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Galan-Lopez
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Francis Ries
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Thordis Gisladottir
- Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education, University of Iceland, 105 Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - Raúl Domínguez
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Universidad Isabel I, Universidad Isabel I, 09004 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Antonio J Sánchez-Oliver
- Faculty of Sports Sciences of Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
- Human Motricity and Sports Performance Area, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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Hsieh SS, Tsai JR, Chang SH, Cheng CF, Sung YT, Hung TM. The Relations between 3-year Changes in Physical Fitness and Academic Performance in Nationally Representative Sample of Junior High School Students. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15978. [PMID: 30374046 PMCID: PMC6206081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between different components of physical fitness across 3 years of junior high school with academic performance assessed at the end of the period. Two nationwide representative datasets were used. The first was the physical fitness profile assessed at the beginning of each of the three school years. The second contained the scores on a standardized test administered at the end of the third year. All data were standardized by calculating percentile rank (PR). Students were classified as "High-fit" if their fitness scores ≧ top 25% PR on the age- and sex-adjusted norms. All other students were classified as "not high-fit". The relationships between fitness and exam performance were tested adjusting for sex, body mass index, and level of urbanization. Students who were in the high-fit group in both years 1 and 3 academically outperformed those who were outside this classification during both assessments. The degree of outperformance was greatest for those who were aerobically fit, followed by those who were high-fit in terms of muscular endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility, respectively. It is therefore concluded that the relationship between physical fitness and academic performance in Taiwanese junior high school students is strongest in the case of aerobic fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shih Hsieh
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ren Tsai
- Department of Statistics and Information Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsi Chang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fu Cheng
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ting Sung
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Min Hung
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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