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Aktar T, Modak S, Majumder D, Maiti D. A detailed insight into macrophages' role in shaping lung carcinogenesis. Life Sci 2024; 352:122896. [PMID: 38972632 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in cancer treatment in recent decades, the high mortality rate associated with lung cancer remains a significant concern. The development and proper execution of new targeted therapies needs more deep knowledge regarding the lung cancer associated tumour microenvironment. One of the key component of that tumour microenvironment is the lung resident macrophages. Although in normal physiological condition the lung resident macrophages are believed to maintain lung homeostasis, but they may also initiate a vicious inflammatory response in abnormal conditions which is linked to lung cancer development. Depending on the activation pathway, the lung resident macrophages are either of M1 or M2 sub-type. The M1 and M2 sub-types differ significantly in various prospectuses, from phenotypic markers to metabolic pathways. In addition to this generalized classification, the recent advancement of the multiomics technology is able to identify some other sub-types of lung resident macrophages. Researchers have also observed that these different sub-types can manipulate the pathogenesis of lung carcinogenesis in a context dependent manner and can either promote or inhibit the development of lung carcinogenesis upon receiving proper activation. As proper knowledge about the role played by the lung resident macrophages' in shaping the lung carcinogenesis is limited, so the main purpose of this review is to bring all the available information under the same roof. We also elaborated the different mechanisms involved in maintenance of the plasticity of M1/M2 sub-type, as this plasticity can be a good target for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Aktar
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India
| | - Snehashish Modak
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India
| | - Debabrata Majumder
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India; Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Debasish Maiti
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India.
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Liu N, Chen Y, An T, Tao S, Lv B, Dou J, Deng R, Zhen X, Zhang Y, Lu C, Chang Z, Jiang G. Lysophosphatidylcholine trigger myocardial injury in diabetic cardiomyopathy via the TLR4/ZNF480/AP-1/NF-kB pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33601. [PMID: 39040275 PMCID: PMC11260982 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC), a frequent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is mainly associated with severe adverse outcomes. Previous research has highlighted the role of Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in inducing myocardial injury; however, the specific mechanisms through which LPC mediate such injury in DC remain elusive. The existing knowledge gap underscores the need for additional clarification. Consequently, this study aimed to explore the impact and underlying mechanisms of LPC on myocardial injury in DC. Methods A total of 55 patients diagnosed with T2DM and 62 healthy controls were involved. A combination of 16s rRNA sequencing, metabolomic analysis, transcriptomic RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on fecal and peripheral blood samples collected from the participants. Following this, correlation analysis was carried out, and the results were further validated through the mouse model of T2DM. Results Four LPC variants distinguishing T2DM patients from healthy controls were identified, all of which were upregulated in T2DM patients. Specifically, Lysopc (16:0, 2 N isoform) and LPC (16:0) exhibited a positive correlation with nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2 (NFKB2) and a negative correlation with Zinc finger protein 480 (ZNF480) Furthermore, the expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), c-Jun, c-Fos, and NFKB2 were upregulated in the peripheral blood of T2DM patients and in the myocardial tissue of T2DM mice, whereas ZNF480 expression level was downregulated. Lastly, myocardial injury was identified in T2DM mice. Conclusions The results indicated that LPC could induce myocardial injury in DC through the TLR4/ZNF480/AP-1/NF-kB pathway, providing a precise target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, City Urumqi, China
| | - Tian An
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Tao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bohan Lv
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfang Dou
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruxue Deng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xianjie Zhen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Caizhong Lu
- Guangming Traditional Chinese Medecine Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongsheng Chang
- Guangming Traditional Chinese Medecine Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangjian Jiang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Lei XT, Pu DL, Shan G, Wu QN. Atorvastatin ameliorated myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and modulating macrophage polarization in diabetic cardiomyopathy. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1070-1073. [PMID: 38983803 PMCID: PMC11229961 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we commented on the article published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by myocardial fibrosis, ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in diabetic patients, which can cause heart failure and threaten the life of patients. The pathogenesis of DCM has not been fully clarified, and it may involve oxidative stress, inflammatory stimulation, apoptosis, and autophagy. There is lack of effective therapies for DCM in the clinical practice. Statins have been widely used in the clinical practice for years mainly to reduce cholesterol and stabilize arterial plaques, and exhibit definite cardiovascular protective effects. Studies have shown that statins also have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. We were particularly concerned about the recent findings that atorvastatin alleviated myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice by regulating the antioxidant stress and anti-inflammatory effects of macrophage polarization on diabetic myocardium, and thereby improving DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tian Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dan-Lan Pu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Yubei District People's Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Geng Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The People's Hospital of Dazu, Chongqing 402360, China
| | - Qi-Nan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The People's Hospital of Dazu, Chongqing 402360, China
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Almohaimeed GM, Alonazi AS, Bin Dayel AF, Alshammari TK, Alghibiwi HK, Alamin MA, Almotairi AR, Alrasheed NM. Interplay between Senescence and Macrophages in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Review of the Potential Role of GDF-15 and Klotho. Biomedicines 2024; 12:759. [PMID: 38672115 PMCID: PMC11048311 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a critical health problem, with 700 million diagnoses expected worldwide by 2045. Uncontrolled high blood glucose levels can lead to serious complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Diabetes induces cardiovascular aging and inflammation, increasing cardiomyopathy risk. DCM is characterized by structural and functional abnormalities in the heart. Growing evidence suggests that cellular senescence and macrophage-mediated inflammation participate in the pathogenesis and progression of DCM. Evidence indicates that growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a protein that belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, is associated with age-related diseases and exerts an anti-inflammatory role in various disease models. Although further evidence suggests that GDF-15 can preserve Klotho, a transmembrane antiaging protein, emerging research has elucidated the potential involvement of GDF-15 and Klotho in the interplay between macrophages-induced inflammation and cellular senescence in the context of DCM. This review explores the intricate relationship between senescence and macrophages in DCM while highlighting the possible contributions of GDF-15 and Klotho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M. Almohaimeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.A.); (A.S.A.); (A.F.B.D.); (T.K.A.); (H.K.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Asma S. Alonazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.A.); (A.S.A.); (A.F.B.D.); (T.K.A.); (H.K.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Anfal F. Bin Dayel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.A.); (A.S.A.); (A.F.B.D.); (T.K.A.); (H.K.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Tahani K. Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.A.); (A.S.A.); (A.F.B.D.); (T.K.A.); (H.K.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Hanan K. Alghibiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.A.); (A.S.A.); (A.F.B.D.); (T.K.A.); (H.K.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Maha A. Alamin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.A.); (A.S.A.); (A.F.B.D.); (T.K.A.); (H.K.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad R. Almotairi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nouf M. Alrasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.A.); (A.S.A.); (A.F.B.D.); (T.K.A.); (H.K.A.); (M.A.A.)
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Julián MT, Pérez-Montes de Oca A, Julve J, Alonso N. The double burden: type 1 diabetes and heart failure-a comprehensive review. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:65. [PMID: 38347569 PMCID: PMC10863220 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is increasing at an alarming rate, primary due to the rising in aging, obesity and diabetes. Notably, individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face a significantly elevated risk of HF, leading to more hospitalizations and increased case fatality rates. Several risk factors contribute to HF in T1D, including poor glycemic control, female gender, smoking, hypertension, elevated BMI, and albuminuria. However, early and intensive glycemic control can mitigate the long-term risk of HF in individuals with T1D. The pathophysiology of diabetes-associated HF is complex and multifactorial, and the underlying mechanisms in T1D remain incompletely elucidated. In terms of treatment, much of the evidence comes from type 2 diabetes (T2D) populations, so applying it to T1D requires caution. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have shown benefits in HF outcomes, even in non-diabetic populations. However, most of the information about HF and the evidence from cardiovascular safety trials related to glucose lowering medications refer to T2D. Glycemic control is key, but the link between hypoglycemia and HF hospitalization risk requires further study. Glycemic variability, common in T1D, is an independent HF risk factor. Technological advances offer the potential to improve glycemic control, including glycemic variability, and may play a role in preventing HF. In summary, HF in T1D is a complex challenge with unique dimensions. This review focuses on HF in individuals with T1D, exploring its epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment, which is crucial for developing tailored prevention and management strategies for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Julián
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alejandra Pérez-Montes de Oca
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Alonso
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhang XJ, Han XW, Jiang YH, Wang YL, He XL, Liu DH, Huang J, Liu HH, Ye TC, Li SJ, Li ZR, Dong XM, Wu HY, Long WJ, Ni SH, Lu L, Yang ZQ. Impact of inflammation and anti-inflammatory modalities on diabetic cardiomyopathy healing: From fundamental research to therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110747. [PMID: 37586299 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prevalent cardiovascular complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. However, treatment options for DCM remain limited. For decades, a substantial body of evidence has suggested that the inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of DCM. Notably, DCM is closely associated with alterations in inflammatory cells, exerting direct effects on major resident cells such as cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. These cellular changes subsequently contribute to the development of DCM. This article comprehensively analyzes cellular, animal, and human studies to summarize the latest insights into the impact of inflammation on DCM. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic effects of current anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of DCM are also taken into consideration. The ultimate goal of this work is to consolidate the existing literature on the inflammatory processes underlying DCM, providing clinicians with the necessary knowledge and tools to adopt a more efficient and evidence-based approach to managing this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Yan-Hui Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Ya-Le Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai lun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China; Shenzhen Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16 Xian tong Road, Luo hu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518004, China
| | - Xing-Ling He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Dong-Hua Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Jie Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Hao-Hui Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Tao-Chun Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Si-Jing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Zi-Ru Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai lun Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China; Shenzhen Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16 Xian tong Road, Luo hu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518004, China.
| | - Wen-Jie Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China.
| | - Shi-Hao Ni
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China.
| | - Zhong-Qi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China; University Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Province 510407, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510407, China.
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Tokarek J, Budny E, Saar M, Stańczak K, Wojtanowska E, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Molecular Processes Involved in the Shared Pathways between Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2611. [PMID: 37892985 PMCID: PMC10604380 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus are currently among the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis and development of these diseases remain strongly connected, along with inflammation playing a major role. Therefore, the treatment possibilities showing a positive impact on both of these diseases could be especially beneficial for patients. SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists present this dual effect. Moreover, the hostile composition of the gut microbiota could influence the progression of these conditions. In this review, the authors present the latest knowledge on and innovations in diabetes mellitus and CVD-with the focus on the molecular mechanisms and the role of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Tokarek
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (K.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Emilian Budny
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (K.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Maciej Saar
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (K.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Kamila Stańczak
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (K.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Ewa Wojtanowska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (K.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (K.S.); (E.W.)
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland (K.S.); (E.W.)
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Hou Y, Wang Y, Tang K, Yang Y, Wang Y, Liu R, Wu B, Chen X, Fu Z, Zhao F, Chen L. CD226 deficiency attenuates cardiac early pathological remodeling and dysfunction via decreasing inflammatory macrophage proportion and macrophage glycolysis in STZ-induced diabetic mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23047. [PMID: 37392373 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300424rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the main complications in type I diabetic patients. Activated macrophage is critical for directing the process of inflammation during the development of DCM. The present study focused on the roles of CD226 on macrophage function during the DCM progression. It has been found that the number of cardiac macrophages in the hearts of streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mice was significantly increased compared with that in non-diabetes mice, and the expression level of CD226 on cardiac macrophages in STZ-induced diabetes mice was higher than that in non-diabetes mice. CD226 deficiency attenuated the diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction and decreased the proportion of CD86+ F4/80+ macrophages in the diabetic hearts. Notably, adoptive transfer of Cd226-/- - bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) alleviated diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction, which may be due to the attenuated migration capacity of Cd226-/- -BMDM under high glucose stimulation. Furthermore, CD226 deficiency decreased the macrophage glycolysis accompanying by the downregulated hexokinase 2 (HK2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) expression. Taken together, these findings revealed the pathogenic roles of CD226 played in the process of DCM and provided a basis for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Hou
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Tang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruiyan Liu
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xutao Chen
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaoyue Fu
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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9
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Identification of Adipose Tissue as a Reservoir of Macrophages after Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810498. [PMID: 36142416 PMCID: PMC9499676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary and extra-medullary hematopoiesis has been shown to govern inflammatory cell infiltration and subsequently cardiac remodeling and function after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Emerging evidence positions adipose tissue (AT) as an alternative source of immune cell production. We, therefore, hypothesized that AT could act as a reservoir of inflammatory cells that participate in cardiac homeostasis after MI. To reveal the distinct role of inflammatory cells derived from AT or bone marrow (BM), chimeric mice were generated using standard repopulation assays. We showed that AMI increased the number of AT-derived macrophages in the cardiac tissue. These macrophages exhibit pro-inflammatory characteristics and their specific depletion improved cardiac function as well as decreased infarct size and interstitial fibrosis. We then reasoned that the alteration of AT-immune compartment in type 2 diabetes could, thus, contribute to defects in cardiac remodeling. However, in these conditions, myeloid cells recruited in the infarcted heart mainly originate from the BM, and AT was no longer used as a myeloid cell reservoir. Altogether, we showed here that a subpopulation of cardiac inflammatory macrophages emerges from myeloid cells of AT origin and plays a detrimental role in cardiac remodeling and function after MI. Diabetes abrogates the ability of AT-derived myeloid cells to populate the infarcted heart.
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Kaur N, Guan Y, Raja R, Ruiz-Velasco A, Liu W. Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through the Inflammatory Response. Front Physiol 2021; 12:694864. [PMID: 34234695 PMCID: PMC8257042 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.694864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of heart failure (HF) continues to increase rapidly in patients with diabetes. It is marked by myocardial remodeling, including fibrosis, hypertrophy, and cell death, leading to diastolic dysfunction with or without systolic dysfunction. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a distinct myocardial disease in the absence of coronary artery disease. DCM is partially induced by chronic systemic inflammation, underpinned by a hostile environment due to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. The detrimental role of leukocytes, cytokines, and chemokines is evident in the diabetic heart, yet the precise role of inflammation as a cause or consequence of DCM remains incompletely understood. Here, we provide a concise review of the inflammatory signaling mechanisms contributing to the clinical complications of diabetes-associated HF. Overall, the impact of inflammation on the onset and development of DCM suggests the potential benefits of targeting inflammatory cascades to prevent DCM. This review is tailored to outline the known effects of the current anti-diabetic drugs, anti-inflammatory therapies, and natural compounds on inflammation, which mitigate HF progression in diabetic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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11
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Diastolic dysfunction in a pre-clinical model of diabetes is associated with changes in the cardiac non-myocyte cellular composition. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:116. [PMID: 34074290 PMCID: PMC8170962 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is associated with a significantly elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and its specific pathophysiology remains unclear. Recent studies have changed our understanding of cardiac cellularity, with cellular changes accompanying diabetes yet to be examined in detail. This study aims to characterise the changes in the cardiac cellular landscape in murine diabetes to identify potential cellular protagonists in the diabetic heart. METHODS Diabetes was induced in male FVB/N mice by low-dose streptozotocin and a high-fat diet for 26-weeks. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography at endpoint. Flow cytometry was performed on cardiac ventricles as well as blood, spleen, and bone-marrow at endpoint from non-diabetic and diabetic mice. To validate flow cytometry results, immunofluorescence staining was conducted on left-ventricles of age-matched mice. RESULTS Mice with diabetes exhibited hyperglycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance at endpoint. Echocardiography revealed reduced E:A and e':a' ratios in diabetic mice indicating diastolic dysfunction. Systolic function was not different between the experimental groups. Detailed examination of cardiac cellularity found resident mesenchymal cells (RMCs) were elevated as a result of diabetes, due to a marked increase in cardiac fibroblasts, while smooth muscle cells were reduced in proportion. Moreover, we found increased levels of Ly6Chi monocytes in both the heart and in the blood. Consistent with this, the proportion of bone-marrow haematopoietic stem cells were increased in diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Murine diabetes results in distinct changes in cardiac cellularity. These changes-in particular increased levels of fibroblasts-offer a framework for understanding how cardiac cellularity changes in diabetes. The results also point to new cellular mechanisms in this context, which may further aid in development of pharmacotherapies to allay the progression of cardiomyopathy associated with diabetes.
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12
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Comparison of the Effects of Essential Oil Obtained from the Crude and Bran-Processed Atractylodes lancea on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Injury of Human Colonic Epithelial Cells by Downregulating the IKK/NF- κB Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5219129. [PMID: 33628299 PMCID: PMC7884137 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5219129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Atractylodes lancea (AL) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various diseases including digestive disorders. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common digestive system disease with a low cure rate and easy recurrence. However, it is still not clear whether AL is suitable for UC treatment. Currently, stir-baking with wheat bran is most commonly used to process AL. Here, we aimed to address the effects of the crude and bran-processed AL on UC in vitro and uncover the underlying mechanism based on regulating the IKK/NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Methods Human colonic epithelial cells (HCoEpiC) were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the inflammatory injury of UC in vitro. The essential oil from crude and bran-processed AL was used to treat LPS-induced HcoEpiC cells. The cell viability was detected by an MTT assay. The levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-1-β, TNF-α, and NO were determined by ELISA, and the mRNA expressions of IKK-α, NF-κB, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were determined by RT-PCR. Meanwhile, the expressions of IKK-α, p-IKK-α, p-IKK-β, NF-κB, IL-6, and IL-8 proteins were determined by Western blot. Results The essential oil of AL, whether it was from crude or bran-processed AL, could significantly increase the viability of LPS-induced HCoEpiC cells. The treatment of AL essential oil also notably inhibited the productions of IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-1-β, TNF-α, NO, p-IKK-α, p-IKK-β, and NF-κB and downregulated the mRNA expressions of NF-κB, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Meanwhile, IL-4 protein and mRNA expression were significantly stimulated by AL essential oil. Moreover, the essential oil from bran-processed AL was more effective than that from crude AL. Conclusion Both kinds of AL essential oil had the anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-induced HCoEpiC, and the essential oil from bran-processed AL was more effective. The mechanism could be through the IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro.
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Elia E, Ministrini S, Carbone F, Montecucco F. Diabetic cardiomyopathy and inflammation: development of hostile microenvironment resulting in cardiac damage. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2021; 70:357-369. [PMID: 33427423 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.20.05454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is emerging as a major risk factor for heart failure. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as a myocardial dysfunction that is not caused by underlying hypertension or coronary artery disease. Studies about clinical features, natural history and outcomes of the disease are few and often conflicting, because a universally accepted operative definition of diabetic cardiomyopathy is still lacking. Hyperglycemia and related metabolic and endocrine disorders are the triggering factors of myocardial damage in diabetic cardiomyopathy through multiple mechanisms. Among these mechanisms, inflammation has a relevant role, similar to other chronic myocardial disease, such as hypertensive or ischemic heart disease. A balance between inflammatory damage and healing processes is fundamental for homeostasis of myocardial tissue, whereas diabetes mellitus produces an imbalance, promoting inflammation and delaying healing. Therefore, diabetes-related chronic inflammatory state can produce a progressive qualitative deterioration of myocardial tissue, which reflects on progressive left ventricular functional impairment, which can be either diastolic, with prevalent myocardial hypertrophy, or systolic, with prevalent myocardial fibrosis. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the existing evidence about the role of inflammation in diabetic cardiomyopathy onset and development. Ultimately, potential pharmacological strategies targeting inflammatory response will be reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Elia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Ministrini
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy - .,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
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14
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Liu G, Yan D, Yang L, Sun Y, Zhan L, Lu L, Jin Z, Zhang C, Long P, Chen J, Yuan Q. The effect of miR-471-3p on macrophage polarization in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Life Sci 2021; 268:118989. [PMID: 33417962 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The imbalance of M1/M2 macrophage ratio promotes the occurrence of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), but the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether miR-471-3p/silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) pathway is involved in the macrophage polarization during the development of DCM. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect M1 and M2 macrophages infiltration in the heart tissue. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of M1 and M2 macrophages. Expression of miR-471-3p was quantified by real time quantitative-PCR. Transfection of miRNA inhibitor into RAW264.7 cells was performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Bioinformatics methods and western blotting were used to explore the target gene of miR-471-3p and further confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. KEY FINDINGS We observed that M1 macrophages infiltration in the heart of tissue in DCM while M2 type was decreased. M1/M2 ratio was increased significantly in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from db/db mice and in RAW264.7 cells treated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Meanwhile, miR-471-3p was significantly upregulated in RAW264.7 cells induced by AGEs and inhibition of miR-471-3p could reduce the inflammatory polarization of macrophages. Bioinformatics analysis identified SIRT1 as a target of miR-471-3p. Both dual luciferase reporter assay and western blotting verified that miR-471-3p negatively regulated SIRT1 expression. SIRT1 agonist resveratrol could downregulate the increased proportion of M1 macrophages induced by AGEs. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the development of DCM was related to AGEs-induced macrophage polarized to M1 type through a mechanism involving the miR-471-3p/SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yunwei Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lin Zhan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lili Lu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhigang Jin
- China Resource & WISCO General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ping Long
- China Resource & WISCO General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Qiong Yuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, College of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Radlinger B, Hornsteiner F, Folie S, Salvenmoser W, Haubner BJ, Schuetz T, Haas S, Ress C, Adolph TE, Salzmann K, Weiss B, Tilg H, Kaser S. Cardioprotective effects of short-term empagliflozin treatment in db/db mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19686. [PMID: 33184414 PMCID: PMC7665199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium glucose transporter (SGLT)-2 inhibitors have consistently shown cardioprotective effects independent of the glycemic status of treated patients. In this study we aimed to investigate underlying mechanisms of short-term empagliflozin treatment in a mouse model of type II diabetes. Male db/db mice were fed a western type diet with or without enrichment with empagliflozin for 7 days. While glucose tolerance was significantly improved in empagliflozin treated mice, body weight and fasting insulin levels were comparable in both groups. Cardiac insulin signaling activity indicated by reduced proteinkinase B (AKT) phosphorylation was significantly decreased in the empagliflozin treated group. Remarkably, mitochondrial mass estimated by citrate synthase activity was significantly elevated in empagliflozin treated mice. Accordingly, mitochondrial morphology was significantly altered upon treatment with empagliflozin as analysed by transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, short-term empagliflozin therapy was associated with a changed cardiac tissue cytokine expression in favor of an anti-inflammatory pattern. Our data suggest that early cardioprotection in empagliflozin treated mice is independent of a reduction in body weight or hyperinsulinemia. Ameliorated mitochondrial ultrastructure, attenuated cardiac insulin signaling and diminished cardiac inflammation might contribute to the cardioprotective effects of empagliflozin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Radlinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Metabolic Crosstalk, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Hornsteiner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Metabolic Crosstalk, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabrina Folie
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Metabolic Crosstalk, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Willi Salvenmoser
- Insitute of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CBMI), Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard J Haubner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Schuetz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone Haas
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Metabolic Crosstalk, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Ress
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Metabolic Crosstalk, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Salzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Metabolic Crosstalk, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Metabolic Crosstalk, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Kaser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Metabolic Crosstalk, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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16
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Mullen L, Mengozzi M, Hanschmann EM, Alberts B, Ghezzi P. How the redox state regulates immunity. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:3-14. [PMID: 31899344 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defences. The view of oxidative stress as a cause of cell damage has evolved over the past few decades to a much more nuanced view of the role of oxidative changes in cell physiology. This is no more evident than in the field of immunity, where oxidative changes are now known to regulate many aspects of the immune response, and inflammatory pathways in particular. Our understanding of redox regulation of immunity now encompasses not only increases in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, but also changes in the activities of oxidoreductase enzymes. These enzymes are important regulators of immune pathways both via changes in their redox activity, but also via other more recently identified cytokine-like functions. The emerging picture of redox regulation of immune pathways is one of increasing complexity and while therapeutic targeting of the redox environment to treat inflammatory disease is a possibility, any such strategy is likely to be more nuanced than simply inhibiting ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mullen
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ben Alberts
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK.
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17
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus predisposes affected individuals to a significant spectrum of cardiovascular complications, one of the most debilitating in terms of prognosis is heart failure. Indeed, the increasing global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and an aging population has given rise to an epidemic of diabetes mellitus-induced heart failure. Despite the significant research attention this phenomenon, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy, has received over several decades, understanding of the full spectrum of potential contributing mechanisms, and their relative contribution to this heart failure phenotype in the specific context of diabetes mellitus, has not yet been fully resolved. Key recent preclinical discoveries that comprise the current state-of-the-art understanding of the basic mechanisms of the complex phenotype, that is, the diabetic heart, form the basis of this review. Abnormalities in each of cardiac metabolism, physiological and pathophysiological signaling, and the mitochondrial compartment, in addition to oxidative stress, inflammation, myocardial cell death pathways, and neurohumoral mechanisms, are addressed. Further, the interactions between each of these contributing mechanisms and how they align to the functional, morphological, and structural impairments that characterize the diabetic heart are considered in light of the clinical context: from the disease burden, its current management in the clinic, and where the knowledge gaps remain. The need for continued interrogation of these mechanisms (both known and those yet to be identified) is essential to not only decipher the how and why of diabetes mellitus-induced heart failure but also to facilitate improved inroads into the clinical management of this pervasive clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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18
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Kamaldinov T, Erndt-Marino J, Levin M, Kaplan DL, Hahn MS. Assessment of Enrichment of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Based on Plasma and Mitochondrial Membrane Potentials. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:21-32. [PMID: 32292894 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2019.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are utilized preclinically and clinically as a candidate cell therapy for a wide range of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Despite promising results in early clinical trials, consistent outcomes with hMSC-based therapies have proven elusive in many of these applications. In this work, we attempt to address this limitation through the design of a stem cell therapy to enrich hMSCs for desired electrical and ionic properties with enhanced stemness and immunomodulatory/regenerative capacity. Materials and Methods: In this study, we sought to develop initial protocols to achieve electrically enriched hMSCs (EE-hMSCs) with distinct electrical states and assess the potential relationship with respect to hMSC state and function. We sorted hMSCs based on fluorescence intensity of tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) and investigated phenotypic differences between the sorted populations. Results: Subpopulations of EE-hMSCs exhibit differential expression of genes associated with senescence, stemness, immunomodulation, and autophagy. EE-hMSCs with low levels of TMRE, indicative of depolarized membrane potential, have reduced mRNA expression of senescence-associated markers, and increased mRNA expression of autophagy and immunomodulatory markers relative to EE-hMSCs with high levels of TMRE (hyperpolarized). Conclusions : This work suggests that the utilization of EE-hMSCs may provide a novel strategy for cell therapies, enabling live cell enrichment for distinct phenotypes that can be exploited for different therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kamaldinov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Josh Erndt-Marino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts.,Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts.,Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Mariah S Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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19
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Khan S, Kamal MA. Can Wogonin be Used in Controlling Diabetic Cardiomyopathy? Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2171-2177. [PMID: 31298148 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190708173108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is now a well-known factor which initiates many metabolic derangements in various tissues and organs including liver, muscle, pancreas, adipose tissue, cardiovascular and nervous system. Cardiovascular complications are the most crucial , and their effects are so intensive that their derangement leads to cardiac failure even in the absence of ischemic heart diseases. This entity of cardiac pathology in DM is often regarded as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Recently, many plant-derived drugs have been tested to control and alleviate DCM. Wogonin is one of the drugs the characteristics of which have been deeply studied. Wogonin is a flavonoid having yellow color pigment in their leaves and is obtained from the roots of plant Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi. Wogonin has long been used as an active anti-cancer drug in Chinese medicine practice. In recent past wogonin has shown to possess notable anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic properties. Wogonin has demonstrated to possess anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and also anti-thrombotic properties. Wogonin has shown to alleviate apoptosis, and ER stress in the cells and this property can also be used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Notably, wogonin has been documented to have an extensive margin of safety as well as displays little or no organ toxicity following extended intravenous administration. In this review, we discuss recently discovered therapeutic potential of wogonin in the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Khan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Hubei, Wuhan V, China
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
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20
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Refaie MM, Rifaai RA, Bayoumi AM, Shehata S. Cardioprotective effect of hemin in isoprenaline‐induced myocardial infarction: role of ATP‐sensitive potassium channel and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 34:302-312. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M.M. Refaie
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Minia University 61511 El‐Minia Egypt
| | - Rehab A. Rifaai
- Department of Histology and cell biology Faculty of Medicine Minia University 61511 El‐Minia Egypt
| | - Asmaa M.A. Bayoumi
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Minia University 61511 El‐Minia Egypt
| | - Sayed Shehata
- Department of Cardiology Faculty of Medicine Minia University 61511 El‐Minia Egypt
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21
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Yuan CW, Sun XL, Qiao LC, Xu HX, Zhu P, Chen HJ, Yang BL. Non-SMC condensin I complex subunit D2 and non-SMC condensin II complex subunit D3 induces inflammation via the IKK/NF-κB pathway in ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:6813-6822. [PMID: 31885422 PMCID: PMC6931004 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i47.6813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease with undefined pathogenesis. Non-SMC condensin I complex subunit D2 (NCAPD2) and non-SMC condensin II complex subunit D3 (NCAPD3) play pivotal roles in chromosome assembly and segregation during both mitosis and meiosis. To date, there has been no relevant report about the functional role of NCAPD2 and NCAPD3 in UC.
AIM To determine the level of NCAPD2/3 in intestinal mucosa and explore the mechanisms of NCAPD2/3 in UC.
METHODS Levels of NCAPD2/3 in intestinal tissue were detected in 30 UC patients and 30 healthy individuals with in situ hybridization (ISH). In vitro, NCM60 cells were divided into the NC group, model group, si-NCAPD2 group, si-NCAPD3 group and si-NCAPD2+si-NCAPD3 group. Inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA, IKK and NF-κB were evaluated by western blot, and IKK nucleation and NF-κB volume were analyzed by immunofluorescence assay.
RESULTS Compared with expression in healthy individuals, NCAPD2 and NCAPD3 expression in intestinal tissue was significantly upregulated (P < 0.001) in UC patients. Compared with levels in the model group, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the si-NCAPD2, si-NCAPD3 and si-NCAPD2+si-NCAPD3 groups were significantly downregulated (P < 0.01). IKK and NF-κB protein expression in the si-NCAPD2, si-NCAPD3 and si-NCAPD2+si-NCAPD3 groups was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Moreover, IKK nucleation and NF-κB volume were suppressed upon si-NCAPD2, si-NCAPD3 and si-NCAPD2+ si-NCAPD3 transfection.
CONCLUSION NCAPD2/3 is highly expressed in the intestinal mucosa of patients with active UC. Overexpression of NCAPD2/3 promotes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by modulating the IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Wen Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue-Liang Sun
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Chao Qiao
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Xia Xu
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Jin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo-Lin Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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22
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Jin L, Deng Z, Zhang J, Yang C, Liu J, Han W, Ye P, Si Y, Chen G. Mesenchymal stem cells promote type 2 macrophage polarization to ameliorate the myocardial injury caused by diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Transl Med 2019; 17:251. [PMID: 31382970 PMCID: PMC6683374 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common complication of diabetes and is characterized by chronic myocardial inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) infusions have recently been suggested to alleviate myocardial injury and ameliorate cardiac function. However, few studies have focused on the effects of MSCs in DCM. Therefore, we explored the effects of MSC-regulated macrophage polarization on myocardial repair in DCM. METHODS A DCM rat model was induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) administration and infused 4 times with MSCs. Rat blood and heart tissue were analyzed for blood glucose levels, lipid levels, echocardiography, histopathology, macrophage phenotype ratios and inflammatory cytokines, respectively. We mimicked chronic inflammation in vitro by inducing peritoneal macrophages with high glucose and LPS, then cocultured these macrophages with MSCs to explore the specific mechanism of MSCs on macrophage polarization. RESULTS DCM rats exhibited abnormal blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism, cardiac inflammation and dysfunction. MSC infusion ameliorated metabolic abnormalities and preserved cardiac structure and function in DCM rats. Moreover, MSC infusion significantly increased the M2 phenotype macrophages and alleviated cardiac inflammation. Interestingly, this in vitro study revealed that the MSCs pretreated with a COX-2 inhibitor had little effect on M2 macrophage polarization, but this phenomenon could be reversed by adding prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that MSC infusions can protect against cardiac injury in DCM rats. The underlying mechanisms may include MSC-enhanced M2 macrophage polarization via the COX-2-PGE2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Jin
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Zihui Deng
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Jiejie Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Weidong Han
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Yiling Si
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
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23
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Shen CJ, Kong B, Shuai W, Liu Y, Wang GJ, Xu M, Zhao JJ, Fang J, Fu H, Jiang XB, Huang H. Myeloid differentiation protein 1 protected myocardial function against high-fat stimulation induced pathological remodelling. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5303-5316. [PMID: 31140723 PMCID: PMC6653035 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation 1 (MD‐1) is a secreted protein that regulates the immune response of B cell through interacting with radioprotective 105 (RP105). Disrupted immune response may contribute to the development of cardiac diseases, while the roles of MD‐1 remain elusive. Our studies aimed to explore the functions and molecular mechanisms of MD‐1 in obesity‐induced cardiomyopathy. H9C2 myocardial cells were treated with free fatty acid (FFA) containing palmitic acid and oleic acid to challenge high‐fat stimulation and adenoviruses harbouring human MD‐1 coding sequences or shRNA for MD‐1 overexpression or knockdown in vitro. MD‐1 overexpression or knockdown transgenic mice were generated to assess the effects of MD‐1 on high‐fat diet (HD) induced cardiomyopathy in vivo. Our results showed that MD‐1 was down‐regulated in H9C2 cells exposed to FFA stimulation for 48 hours and in obesity mice induced by HD for 20 weeks. Both in vivo and in vitro, silencing of MD‐1 accelerated myocardial function injury induced by HD stimulation through increased cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, while overexpression of MD‐1 alleviated the effects of HD by inhibiting the process of cardiac remodelling. Moreover, the MAPK and NF‐κB pathways were overactivated in MD‐1 deficient mice and H9C2 cells after high‐fat treatment. Inhibition of MAPK and NF‐κB pathways played a cardioprotective role against the adverse effects of MD‐1 silencing on high‐fat stimulation induced pathological remodelling. In conclusion, MD‐1 protected myocardial function against high‐fat stimulation induced cardiac pathological remodelling through negative regulation for MAPK/NF‐κB signalling pathways, providing feasible strategies for obesity cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Jie Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Shuai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Guang-Ji Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jin Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bo Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
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24
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Ge T, Yu Y, Cui J, Cai L. The adaptive immune role of metallothioneins in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy: good or bad. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H264-H275. [PMID: 31100011 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00123.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting in low-grade systemic inflammation. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common complication among diabetic patients, and the mechanism underlying its induction of cardiac remodeling and dysfunction remains unclear. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have suggested that adaptive immunity, especially T lymphocyte-mediated immunity, plays a potentially important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and DCM. Metallothioneins (MTs), cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins, have antioxidant properties. Some potential mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of MTs include the role of MTs in calcium regulation, zinc homeostasis, insulin sensitization, and antioxidant activity. Moreover, metal homeostasis, especially MT-regulated zinc homeostasis, is essential for immune function. This review discusses aberrant immune regulation in diabetic heart disease with respect to endothelial insulin resistance and the effects of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia on tissues and the different effects of intracellular and extracellular MTs on adaptive immunity. This review shows that intracellular MTs are involved in naïve T-cell activation and reduce regulatory T-cell (Treg) polarization, whereas extracellular MTs promote proliferation and survival in naïve T cells and Treg polarization but inhibit their activation, thus revealing potential therapeutic strategies targeting the regulation of immune cell function by MTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwen Ge
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Norton Health Care, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Youxi Yu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Norton Health Care, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin , China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Norton Health Care, Louisville, Kentucky.,Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
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25
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Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic and a leading cause of death with more than 422 million patients worldwide out of whom around 392 million alone suffer from type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are novel and effective drugs in managing glycemia of T2D patients. These inhibitors gained recent clinical and basic research attention due to their clinically observed cardiovascular protective effects. Although interest in the study of various SGLT isoforms and the effect of their inhibition on cardiovascular function extends over the past 20 years, an explanation of the effects observed clinically based on available experimental data is not forthcoming. The remarkable reduction in cardiovascular (CV) mortality (38%), major CV events (14%), hospitalization for heart failure (35%), and death from any cause (32%) observed over a period of 2.6 years in patients with T2D and high CV risk in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial involving the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (Empa) have raised the possibility that potential novel, more specific mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibition synergize with the known modest systemic improvements, such as glycemic, body weight, diuresis, and blood pressure control. Multiple studies investigated the direct impact of SGLT2i on the cardiovascular system with limited findings and the pathophysiological role of SGLTs in the heart. The direct impact of SGLT2i on cardiac homeostasis remains controversial, especially that SGLT1 isoform is the only form expressed in the capillaries and myocardium of human and rodent hearts. The direct impact of SGLT2i on the cardiovascular system along with potential lines of future research is summarized in this review.
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26
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Riehle C, Bauersachs J. Of mice and men: models and mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 114:2. [PMID: 30443826 PMCID: PMC6244639 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of heart failure independent of co-existing hypertension and coronary artery disease. Although several molecular mechanisms for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy have been identified, they are incompletely understood. The pathomechanisms are multifactorial and as a consequence, no causative treatment exists at this time to modulate or reverse the molecular changes contributing to accelerated cardiac dysfunction in diabetic patients. Numerous animal models have been generated, which serve as powerful tools to study the impact of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on the heart. Despite specific limitations of the models generated, they mimic various perturbations observed in the diabetic myocardium and continue to provide important mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy. This article reviews recent studies in both diabetic patients and in these animal models, and discusses novel hypotheses to delineate the increased incidence of heart failure in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Riehle
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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27
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Bajpai A, Tilley DG. The Role of Leukocytes in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1547. [PMID: 30443223 PMCID: PMC6221939 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is predominant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. Recently, leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes, have become targets of investigation for their potential role in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes and heart failure. While leukocytes contribute significantly to the progression of diabetes and heart failure individually, understanding their participation in the pathogenesis of diabetic heart failure is much less understood. The present review summarizes the role of leukocytes in the complex interplay between diabetes and heart failure, which is critical to the discovery of new targeted therapies for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Bajpai
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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28
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Feng R, Morine Y, Ikemoto T, Imura S, Iwahashi S, Saito Y, Shimada M. Nrf2 activation drive macrophages polarization and cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition during interaction. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:54. [PMID: 30180849 PMCID: PMC6122794 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The M2 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) inhibits the anti-tumor inflammation, increases angiogenesis and promotes tumor progression. The transcription factor Nuclear Factor (erythroid-derived 2)-Like 2 (Nrf2) not only modulates the angiogenesis but also plays the anti-inflammatory role through inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines expression; however, the role of Nrf2 in the cancer cell and macrophages interaction is not clear. Methods Hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep G2 and Huh 7) and pancreatic cancer cells (SUIT2 and Panc-1) were co-cultured with monocytes cells (THP-1) or peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, then the phenotype changes of macrophages and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells were detected. Also, the role of Nrf2 in cancer cells and macrophages interaction were investigated. Results In this study, we found that cancer cells could induce an M2-like macrophage characterized by up-regulation of CD163 and Arg1, and down-regulation of IL-1b and IL-6 through Nrf2 activation. Also, Nrf2 activation of macrophages promoted VEGF expression. The Nrf2 activation of macrophages correlated with the reactive oxygen species induced by cancer cells derived lactate. Cancer cells educated macrophages could activate Nrf2 of the cancer cells, in turn, to increase cancer cells epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through paracrine VEGF. These findings suggested that Nrf2 played the important role in the cancer cells and macrophages interaction. Conclusions Macrophage Nrf2 activation by cancer cell-derived lactate skews macrophages polarization towards an M2-like phenotype and educated macrophages activate Nrf2 of the cancer cells to promote EMT of cancer cells. This study provides a new understanding of the role of Nrf2 in the cancer cell and TAM interaction and suggests a potential therapeutic target. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0262-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Satoru Imura
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shuichi Iwahashi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University of Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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29
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Lahnwong C, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Potential mechanisms responsible for cardioprotective effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:101. [PMID: 29991346 PMCID: PMC6038192 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus currently affects over 350 million patients worldwide and is associated with many deaths from cardiovascular complications. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are a novel class of antidiabetic drugs with cardiovascular benefits beyond other antidiabetic drugs. In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, empagliflozin significantly decreases the mortality rate from cardiovascular causes [38% relative risk reduction (RRR)], the mortality rate from all-causes (32% RRR) and the rate of heart failure hospitalization (35% RRR) in diabetic patients with established cardiovascular diseases. The possible mechanisms of SGLT-2 inhibitors are proposed to be systemic effects by hemodynamic and metabolic actions. However, the direct mechanisms are not fully understood. In this review, reports concerning the effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors in models of diabetic cardiomyopathy, heart failure and myocardial ischemia from in vitro, in vivo as well as clinical reports are comprehensively summarized and discussed. By current evidences, it may be concluded that the direct effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors are potentially mediated through their ability to reduce cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and ionic dyshomeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charshawn Lahnwong
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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30
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Yang YY, Sun XT, Li ZX, Chen WY, Wang X, Liang ML, Shi H, Yang ZS, Zeng WT. Protective effect of angiotensin-(1-7) against hyperglycaemia-induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells via the PI3K̸Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1283-1292. [PMID: 29286068 PMCID: PMC5819934 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], a heptapeptide mainly generated from cleavage of AngⅠ and AngⅡ, possesses physiological and pharmacological properties, including anti‑inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. Activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K̸Akt) signaling pathway has been confirmed to participate in cardioprotection against hyperglycaemia-induced injury. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that Ang-(1-7) protects H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells against high glucose (HG)-induced injury by activating the PI3K̸Akt pathway. To examine this hypothesis, H9c2 cells were treated with 35 mmol/l (mM) glucose (HG) for 24 h to establish a HG-induced cardiomyocyte injury model. The cells were co-treated with 1 µmol/l (µM) Ang-(1-7) and 35 mM glucose. The findings of the present study demonstrated that exposure of H9c2 cells to HG for 24 h markedly induced injury, as evidenced by an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells, generation of reactive oxygen species and level of inflammatory cytokines, as well as a decline in cell viability and mitochondrial luminosity. These injuries were significantly attenuated by co-treatment of the cells with Ang-(1-7) and HG. In addition, PI3K̸Akt phosphorylation was suppressed by HG treatment, but this effect was abolished when the H9c2 cells were co-treated with Ang-(1-7) and HG. Furthermore, the cardioprotection of Ang-(1-7) against HG-induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts was highly attenuated in the presence of either D-Ala7-Ang-(1-7) (A-779, an antagonist of the Mas receptor) or LY294002 (an inhibitor of PI3K̸Akt). In conclusion, the present study provided new evidence that Ang-(1-7) protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against HG-induced injury by activating the PI3K̸Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ting Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Xun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yan Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong 27110, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Tao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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31
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Hu X, Bai T, Xu Z, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Cai L. Pathophysiological Fundamentals of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:693-711. [PMID: 28333387 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) was first recognized more than four decades ago and occurred independent of cardiovascular diseases or hypertension in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. The exact mechanisms underlying this disease remain incompletely understood. Several pathophysiological bases responsible for DCM have been proposed, including the presence of hyperglycemia, nonenzymatic glycosylation of large molecules (e.g., proteins), energy metabolic disturbance, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, impaired calcium handling, reactive oxygen species formation, inflammation, cardiac cell death, and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, leading to impairment of cardiac contractile functions. Increasing evidence also indicates the phenomenon called "metabolic memory" for diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications, for which epigenetic modulation seemed to play an important role, suggesting that the aforementioned pathogenic bases may be regulated by epigenetic modification. Therefore, this review aims at briefly summarizing the current understanding of the pathophysiological bases for DCM. Although how epigenetic mechanisms play a role remains incompletely understood now, extensive clinical and experimental studies have implicated its importance in regulating the cardiac responses to diabetes, which are believed to shed insight into understanding of the pathophysiological and epigenetic mechanisms for the development of DCM and its possible prevention and/or therapy. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:693-711, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Hu
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tao Bai
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zheng Xu
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Department of Hematological Disorders the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Szkudelski T, Dłużewicz K, Sadoch J, Szkudelska K. Effects of the activation of heme oxygenase-1 on hormonal and metabolic changes in rats fed a high-fat diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:375-380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Lee TM, Chang NC, Lin SZ. Dapagliflozin, a selective SGLT2 Inhibitor, attenuated cardiac fibrosis by regulating the macrophage polarization via STAT3 signaling in infarcted rat hearts. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:298-310. [PMID: 28132924 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
During myocardial infarction, infiltrated macrophages have pivotal roles in cardiac remodeling and delayed M1 toward M2 macrophage phenotype transition is considered one of the major factors for adverse ventricular remodeling. We investigated whether dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, attenuates cardiac fibrosis via regulating macrophage phenotype by a reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS)/STAT3-dependent pathway in postinfarcted rats. Normoglycemic male Wistar rats were subjected to coronary ligation and then randomized to either saline, dapagliflozin (a specific SGLT2 inhibitor), phlorizin (a nonspecific SGLT1/2 inhibitor), dapagliflozin + S3I-201 (a STAT3 inhibitor), or phlorizin + S3I-201 for 4 weeks. There were similar infarct sizes among the infarcted groups at the acute and chronic stages of infarction. At day 3 after infarction, post-infarction was associated with increased levels of superoxide and nitrotyrosine, which can be inhibited by administering either dapagliflozin or phlorizin. SGLT2 inhibitors significantly increased STAT3 activity, STAT3 nuclear translocation, myocardial IL-10 levels and the percentage of M2 macrophage infiltration. At day 28 after infarction, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with attenuated myofibroblast infiltration and cardiac fibrosis. Although phlorizin decreased myofibroblast infiltration, the effect of dapagliflozin on attenuated myofibroblast infiltration was significantly higher than phlorizin. The effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac fibrosis were nullified by adding S3I-201. Furthermore, the effects of dapagliflozin on STAT3 activity and myocardial IL-10 levels can be reversed by 3-morpholinosydnonimine, a peroxynitrite generator. Taken together, these observations provide a novel mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitors-mediated M2 polarization through a RONS-dependent STAT3-mediated pathway and selective SGLT2 inhibitors are more effective in attenuating myofibroblast infiltration during postinfarction remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ming Lee
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Nen-Chung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Hualien, Taiwan; Tzu Chi foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Tzu Chi University Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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Wang Y, Qian Y, Fang Q, Zhong P, Li W, Wang L, Fu W, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Li X, Liang G. Saturated palmitic acid induces myocardial inflammatory injuries through direct binding to TLR4 accessory protein MD2. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13997. [PMID: 28045026 PMCID: PMC5216130 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk for a number of diseases including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Excess saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in obesity play a significant role in cardiovascular diseases by activating innate immunity responses. However, the mechanisms by which SFAs activate the innate immune system are not fully known. Here we report that palmitic acid (PA), the most abundant circulating SFA, induces myocardial inflammatory injury through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) accessory protein MD2 in mouse and cell culture experimental models. Md2 knockout mice are protected against PA- and high-fat diet-induced myocardial injury. Studies of cell surface binding, cell-free protein–protein interactions and molecular docking simulations indicate that PA directly binds to MD2, supporting a mechanism by which PA activates TLR4 and downstream inflammatory responses. We conclude that PA is a crucial contributor to obesity-associated myocardial injury, which is likely regulated via its direct binding to MD2. The free fatty acid-mediated inflammatory activities are regulated through TLR4. Here the authors show that palmitic acid binds to MD2, initiating complex formation with TLR4, recruitment of MyD88, and subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory molecules, and that MD2 blockade protects against diet-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qilu Fang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Weixin Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lintao Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Weitao Fu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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Pathogenesis, Clinical Features and Treatment of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1067:197-217. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Grace PM, Gaudet AD, Staikopoulos V, Maier SF, Hutchinson MR, Salvemini D, Watkins LR. Nitroxidative Signaling Mechanisms in Pathological Pain. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:862-879. [PMID: 27842920 PMCID: PMC5148691 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue injury can initiate bidirectional signaling between neurons, glia, and immune cells that creates and amplifies pain. While the ability for neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and cytokines to initiate and maintain pain has been extensively studied, recent work has identified a key role for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS; nitroxidative species), including superoxide, peroxynitrite, and hydrogen peroxide. In this review we describe how nitroxidative species are generated after tissue injury and the mechanisms by which they enhance neuroexcitability in pain pathways. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for normalizing nitroxidative signaling, which may also enhance opioid analgesia, to help to alleviate the enormous burden of pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Grace
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Current address: Department of Critical Care Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Andrew D Gaudet
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Vasiliki Staikopoulos
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, and the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, and the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Linda R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Abstract
Heme oxygenases are composed of two isozymes, Hmox1 and Hmox2, that catalyze the degradation of heme to carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and biliverdin, the latter of which is subsequently converted to bilirubin. While initially considered to be waste products, CO and biliverdin/bilirubin have been shown over the last 20 years to modulate key cellular processes, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as antioxidant defense. This shift in paradigm has led to the importance of heme oxygenases and their products in cell physiology now being well accepted. The identification of the two human cases thus far of heme oxygenase deficiency and the generation of mice deficient in Hmox1 or Hmox2 have reiterated a role for these enzymes in both normal cell function and disease pathogenesis, especially in the context of cardiovascular disease. This review covers the current knowledge on the function of both Hmox1 and Hmox2 at both a cellular and tissue level in the cardiovascular system. Initially, the roles of heme oxygenases in vascular health and the regulation of processes central to vascular diseases are outlined, followed by an evaluation of the role(s) of Hmox1 and Hmox2 in various diseases such as atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, myocardial infarction, and angiogenesis. Finally, the therapeutic potential of heme oxygenases and their products are examined in a cardiovascular disease context, with a focus on how the knowledge we have gained on these enzymes may be capitalized in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ayer
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Abolfazl Zarjou
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Roland Stocker
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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Activation of Melanocortin Receptors MC 1 and MC 5 Attenuates Retinal Damage in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7368389. [PMID: 26949291 PMCID: PMC4753692 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7368389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize that melanocortin receptors (MC) could activate tissue protective circuit in a model of streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic retinopathy (DR) in mice. At 12–16 weeks after diabetes induction, fluorescein angiography (FAG) revealed an approximate incidence of 80% microvascular changes, typical of DR, in the animals, without signs of vascular leakage. Occludin progressively decreased in the retina of mice developing retinopathy. qPCR of murine retina revealed expression of two MC receptors, Mc1r and Mc5r. The intravitreal injection (5 μL) of the selective MC1 small molecule agonist BMS-470539 (33 μmol) and the MC5 peptidomimetic agonist PG-901 (7.32 nM) elicited significant protection with regular course and caliber of retinal vessels, as quantified at weeks 12 and 16 after diabetes induction. Mouse retina homogenate settings indicated an augmented release of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, MIP-1α, MIP-2α, MIP-3α, and VEGF from diabetic compared to nondiabetic mice. Application of PG20N or AGRP and MC5 and MC1 antagonist, respectively, augmented the release of cytokines, while the agonists BMS-470539 and PG-901 almost restored normal pattern of these mediators back to nondiabetic values. Similar changes were quantified with respect to Ki-67 staining. Finally, application of MC3-MC4 agonist/antagonists resulted to be inactive with respect to all parameters under assessment.
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Wise AF, Williams TM, Rudd S, Wells CA, Kerr PG, Ricardo SD. Human mesenchymal stem cells alter the gene profile of monocytes from patients with Type 2 diabetes and end-stage renal disease. Regen Med 2015; 11:145-58. [PMID: 26544198 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Macrophage infiltration contributes to the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties, making them an ideal candidate for therapeutic intervention. This study investigated whether MSCs can modulate the phenotype of monocytes isolated from Type 2 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease. MATERIALS & METHODS Monocytes from control (n = 4) and Type 2 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease (n = 5) were assessed using flow cytometry and microarray profiling, following 48 h of co-culture with MSCs. RESULTS Control subjects had a greater proportion of CD14(++)CD16(-) monocytes while diabetic patients had a higher proportion of CD14(++)CD16(+) and CD14(+)CD16(++) monocytes. MSCs promoted the proliferation of monocytes isolated from diabetic patients, reduced HLA-DR expression in both groups and promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory genes. CONCLUSION MSC-derived factors alter the polarization of monocytes isolated from healthy and diabetic subjects toward an M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F Wise
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Timothy M Williams
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Stephen Rudd
- Queensland Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics (QFAB), University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Wells
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Peter G Kerr
- Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Sharon D Ricardo
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Dai M, Wu L, He Z, Zhang S, Chen C, Xu X, Wang P, Gruzdev A, Zeldin DC, Wang DW. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids regulate macrophage polarization and prevent LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2108-19. [PMID: 25626689 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, owning tremendous phenotypic plasticity and diverse functions, were becoming the target cells in various inflammatory, metabolic and immune diseases. Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase 2J2 (CYP2J2) metabolizes arachidonic acid to form epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which possess various beneficial effects on cardiovascular system. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of EETs treatment on macrophage polarization and recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated CYP2J2 expression on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac dysfunction, and sought to investigate the underlying mechanisms. In vitro studies showed that EETs (1µmol/L) significantly inhibited LPS-induced M1 macrophage polarization and diminished the proinflammatory cytokines at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level; meanwhile it preserved M2 macrophage related molecules expression and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, EETs down-regulated NF-κB activation and up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα/γ) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression, which play important roles in regulating M1 and M2 polarization. In addition, LPS treatment in mice induced cardiac dysfunction, heart tissue damage and infiltration of M1 macrophages, as well as the increase of inflammatory cytokines in serum and heart tissue, but rAAV-mediated CYP2J2 expression increased EETs generation in heart and significantly attenuated the LPS-induced harmful effects, which mechanisms were similar as the in vitro study. Taken together, the results indicate that CYP2J2/EETs regulates macrophage polarization by attenuating NF-κB signaling pathway via PPARα/γ and HO-1 activation and its potential use in treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Dai
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lujin Wu
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuowen He
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xizhen Xu
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peihua Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ndisang JF, Chibbar R. Heme Oxygenase Improves Renal Function by Potentiating Podocyte-Associated Proteins in Nω-Nitro-l-Arginine-Methyl Ester (l-NAME)-Induced Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:930-42. [PMID: 25498996 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although heme-oxygenase (HO) is cytoprotective, its effects on podocyte regulators like podocalyxin, podocin, CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) in renal dysfunction in N (ω)-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (l-NAME) hypertension are largely unclear. METHODS Hypertension was induced in normotensive Sprague Dawley rats by administering l-NAME for 4 weeks. Enzyme immunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, histology/morphology, spectrophotometry, and western immunoblotting were used. HO was enhanced with heme-arginate (HA) or inhibited with chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP). RESULTS Treatment with heme-arginate reduced several renal histo-pathological lesions including renal arteriolar thickening, glomerular abnormalities, tubular cast, tubular atrophy/fibrosis, and mononuclear cell infiltration in l-NAME-hypertensive rats. Similarly, HA abated the elevated levels of renal extracellular matrix/profibrotic proteins like collagen and fibronectin that deplete nephrin, a fundamental transmembrane protein that forms the scaffoldings of the podocyte slit diaphragm permitting small ions to filter, but not massive excretion of proteins, hence proteinuria. Correspondingly, HA enhanced the aberrant expression of nephrin alongside other important regulators of podocyte like podocalyxin, podocin, and CD2AP, and improved renal function by reducing albuminuria/proteinuria, while increasing creatinine clearance. The renoprotection by HA were accompanied by significant reduction of inflammatory/oxidative mediators including nuclear factor-kappaB, macrophage inflammatory protein-1-alpha, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL1β, 8-isoprostane, endothelin-1, and aldosterone. These were associated with increased levels of adiponectin, HO-1, HO activity, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), whereas the HO inhibitor, CrMP annulled the renoprotection and exacerbated renal dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS HA improves renal function by attenuating histopathological lesions, suppressing inflammatory/oxidative mediators, abating profibrotic/extracellular matrix proteins, and reducing albuminuria/proteinuria, while concomitantly potentiating the HO-adiponectin-ANP axis, enhancing nephrin, podocin, podocalyxin, CD2AP and increasing creatinine clearance. Our study underscores the benefit of potentiating the HO-adiponectin-ANP against nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Fomusi Ndisang
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5;
| | - Rajni Chibbar
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5
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Mure K, Yoshimura N, Hashimoto M, Muraki S, Oka H, Tanaka S, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Akune T, Takeshita T. Urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α as a marker of metabolic risks in the general Japanese population: The ROAD study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:1517-24. [PMID: 26054643 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) is a reliable biomarker of the accumulation of metabolic risks [e.g., overweight, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and dyslipidemia]. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of the baseline characteristics of a Japanese general population cohort study: Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD). Of 1,690 participants, 1,527 fulfilled all questionnaires and examinations. Free and conjugated urinary 8-iso-PGF2α levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components including blood pressure, HbA1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C were analyzed. The data were analyzed by ANCOVA, multiple regression analysis, and multinomial logistic analysis. RESULTS 8-iso-PGF2α was significantly associated with HbA1c and significantly inversely associated with total cholesterol and non-HDL-C. Notably, IGT with an HbA1c cut-off of 5.5% was significantly associated with 8-iso-PGF2α level in participants aged ≤50 years. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed 8-iso-PGF2α level was significantly associated with a greater number of MetS risks present; this association was stronger in younger participants. In participants aged ≥71 years, 8-iso-PGF2α was significantly associated with a greater number of MetS risks with higher IGT cut-offs. CONCLUSIONS Urinary 8-iso-PGF2α can be a reliable marker of IGT and the accumulation of MetS risks, especially in younger people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Mure
- Department of Public Health, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Noriko Yoshimura
- Department of Joint Disease Research, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marowa Hashimoto
- Department of Public Health, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Muraki
- Department of Clinical Motor System Medicine, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oka
- Department of Joint Disease Research, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kozo Nakamura
- National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Akune
- National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takeshita
- Department of Public Health, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
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Chiang VSC, Quek SY. The relationship of red meat with cancer: Effects of thermal processing and related physiological mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:1153-1173. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.967833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Siew-Young Quek
- Department of Food Sciences, School of Chemistry Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Tu TH, Kim CS, Nam-Goong IS, Nam CW, Kim YI, Goto T, Kawada T, Park T, Yoon Park JH, Ryoo ZY, Park JW, Choi HS, Yu R. 4-1BBL signaling promotes cell proliferation through reprogramming of glucose metabolism in monocytes/macrophages. FEBS J 2015; 282:1468-80. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thai H. Tu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; University of Ulsan; South Korea
| | - Chu-Sook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; University of Ulsan; South Korea
| | - Il S. Nam-Goong
- Department of Internal Medicine; Ulsan University Hospital; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; South Korea
| | - Chang W. Nam
- Department of Surgery; Ulsan University Hospital; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; South Korea
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Uji Japan
| | - Taesun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Yonsei University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jung H. Yoon Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology; Hallym University; Chuncheon South Korea
| | - Zae Y. Ryoo
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology; Kyungpook National University; Daegu South Korea
| | - Jeong W. Park
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Ulsan; South Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Ulsan; South Korea
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; University of Ulsan; South Korea
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Puthanveetil P, Wan A, Rodrigues B. Lipoprotein lipase and angiopoietin-like 4 – Cardiomyocyte secretory proteins that regulate metabolism during diabetic heart disease. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 52:138-49. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2014.997931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fuentes-Antrás J, Picatoste B, Gómez-Hernández A, Egido J, Tuñón J, Lorenzo Ó. Updating experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:656795. [PMID: 25973429 PMCID: PMC4417999 DOI: 10.1155/2015/656795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy entails a serious cardiac dysfunction induced by alterations in structure and contractility of the myocardium. This pathology is initiated by changes in energy substrates and occurs in the absence of atherothrombosis, hypertension, or other cardiomyopathies. Inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, steatosis, and apoptosis in the myocardium have been studied in numerous diabetic experimental models in animals, mostly rodents. Type I and type II diabetes were induced by genetic manipulation, pancreatic toxins, and fat and sweet diets, and animals recapitulate the main features of human diabetes and related cardiomyopathy. In this review we update and discuss the main experimental models of diabetic cardiomyopathy, analysing the associated metabolic, structural, and functional abnormalities, and including current tools for detection of these responses. Also, novel experimental models based on genetic modifications of specific related genes have been discussed. The study of specific pathways or factors responsible for cardiac failures may be useful to design new pharmacological strategies for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Fuentes-Antrás
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B. Picatoste
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Gómez-Hernández
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Egido
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Tuñón
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ó. Lorenzo
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- *Ó. Lorenzo:
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Ndisang JF, Rastogi S, Vannacci A. Insulin Resistance, Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes, and Related Complications 2015. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:234135. [PMID: 26290878 PMCID: PMC4531173 DOI: 10.1155/2015/234135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Fomusi Ndisang
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5
- *Joseph Fomusi Ndisang:
| | - Sharad Rastogi
- The Medical Affairs Company, Cardiovascular Division, 43229 Dequindre Road, Troy, MI 48085, USA
| | - Alfredo Vannacci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Cardiovascular responses to lead are biphasic, while methylmercury, but not inorganic mercury, monotonically increases blood pressure in rats. Toxicology 2014; 328:1-11. [PMID: 25478804 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attack and stroke, are the major cause of death worldwide. It is well known that a high number of environmental and physiological risk factors contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Although risk factors are additive, increased blood pressure (hypertension) is the greatest risk factor. Over the last two decades, a growing number of epidemiological studies associate environmental exposure to lead or mercury species with hypertension. However, cardiovascular effects beyond blood pressure are rarely studied and thresholds for effect are not yet clear. To explore effects of lead or mercury species on the cardiovascular system, normal male Wistar rats were exposed to a range of doses of lead, inorganic mercury or methylmercury through the drinking water for four weeks. High-resolution ultrasound was used to measure heart and vascular function (carotid artery blood flow) at baseline and at the end of the exposure, while blood pressure was measured directly in the femoral artery at the end of the 4-week exposure. After 4 weeks, blood pressure responses to lead were biphasic. Low lead levels decreased blood pressure, dilated the carotid artery and increased cardiac output. At higher lead doses, rats had increased blood pressure. In contrast, methylmercury-exposed rats had increased blood pressure at all doses despite dilated carotid arteries. Inorganic mercury did not show any significant cardiovascular effects. Based on the current study, the benchmark dose level 10% (BMDL10s) for systolic blood pressure for lead, inorganic mercury and methylmercury are 1.1, 1.3 and 1.0 μg/kg-bw/d, respectively. However, similar total mercury blood levels attributed to inorganic mercury or methylmercury produced strikingly different results with inorganic mercury having no observable effect on the cardiovascular system but methylmercury increasing systolic and pulse pressures. Therefore, adverse cardiovascular effects cannot be predicted by total blood mercury level alone and the mercury species of exposure must be taken into account.
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50
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Naito Y, Takagi T, Higashimura Y. Heme oxygenase-1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 564:83-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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