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Chengcheng M, Panpan A, Yalong Y, Mingyu S, Wei X, Jing C, Chuanxi T. GDNF improves the cognitive ability of PD mice by promoting glycosylation and membrane distribution of DAT. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17845. [PMID: 39090173 PMCID: PMC11294596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The core of clinic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is to enhance dopamine (DA) signaling within the brain. The regulation of dopamine transporter (DAT) is integral to this process. This study aims to explore the regulatory mechanism of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on DAT, thereby gaining a profound understanding its potential value in treating PD. In this study, we investigated the effects of GDNF on both cellular and mouse models of PD, including the glycosylation and membrane transport of DAT detected by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, DA signal measured by neurotransmitter fiber imaging technology, Golgi morphology observed by electron microscopic, as well as cognitive ability assessed by behavior tests. This study revealed that in animal trials, MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease (PD) mice exhibited a marked decline in cognitive function. Utilizing ELISA and neurotransmitter fiber imaging techniques, we observed a decrease in dopamine levels and a significant reduction in the intensity of dopamine signal release in the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) of PD mice induced by MPTP. Intriguingly, these alterations were reversed by Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF). In cellular experiments, following MPP + intervention, there was a decrease in Gly-DAT modification in both the cell membrane and cytoplasm, coupled with an increase in Nongly-DAT expression and aggregation of DAT within the cytoplasm. Conversely, GDNF augmented DAT glycosylation and facilitated its membrane transport in damaged dopaminergic neurons, concurrently reversing the effects of GRASP65 depletion and Golgi fragmentation, thereby reducing the accumulation of DAT in the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, overexpression of GRASP65 enhanced DAT transport in PD cells and mice, while suppression of GRASP65 attenuated the efficacy of GDNF on DAT. Additionally, GDNF potentiated the reutilization of neurotransmitters by the PFC presynaptic membrane, boosting the effective release of dopamine following a single electrical stimulation, ultimately ameliorating the cognitive impairments in PD mice.Therefore, we propose that GDNF enhances the glycosylation and membrane trafficking of DAT by facilitating the re-aggregation of the Golgi apparatus, thereby amplifying the utilization of DA signals. This ultimately leads to the improvement of cognitive abilities in PD mouse models. Our study illuminates, from a novel angle, the beneficial role of GDNF in augmenting DA utilization and cognitive function in PD, providing fresh insights into its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Chengcheng
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - An Panpan
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Yalong
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Mingyu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Wei
- Jinhu County People's Hospital, 160 Shenhua Avenue, Jinhu County, Huai'an City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Jing
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tang Chuanxi
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Jamal T, Yan X, Lantyer ADS, Ter Horst JG, Celikel T. Experience-dependent regulation of dopaminergic signaling in the somatosensory cortex. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 239:102630. [PMID: 38834131 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine critically influences reward processing, sensory perception, and motor control. Yet, the modulation of dopaminergic signaling by sensory experiences is not fully delineated. Here, by manipulating sensory experience using bilateral single-row whisker deprivation, we demonstrated that gene transcription in the dopaminergic signaling pathway (DSP) undergoes experience-dependent plasticity in both granular and supragranular layers of the primary somatosensory (barrel) cortex (S1). Sensory experience and deprivation compete for the regulation of DSP transcription across neighboring cortical columns, and sensory deprivation-induced changes in DSP are topographically constrained. These changes in DSP extend beyond cortical map plasticity and influence neuronal information processing. Pharmacological regulation of D2 receptors, a key component of DSP, revealed that D2 receptor activation suppresses excitatory neuronal excitability, hyperpolarizes the action potential threshold, and reduces the instantaneous firing rate. These findings suggest that the dopaminergic drive originating from midbrain dopaminergic neurons, targeting the sensory cortex, is subject to experience-dependent regulation and might create a regulatory feedback loop for modulating sensory processing. Finally, using topological gene network analysis and mutual information, we identify the molecular hubs of experience-dependent plasticity of DSP. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which sensory experience shapes dopaminergic signaling in the brain and might help unravel the sensory deficits observed after dopamine depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tousif Jamal
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Xuan Yan
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Judith G Ter Horst
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tansu Celikel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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Kritzer MF, Adler A, Locklear M. Androgen effects on mesoprefrontal dopamine systems in the adult male brain. Neuroscience 2024:S0306-4522(24)00306-3. [PMID: 38977069 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological data show that males are more often and/or more severely affected by symptoms of prefrontal cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and other disorders in which dopamine circuits associated with the prefrontal cortex are dysregulated. This review focuses on research showing that these dopamine circuits are powerfully regulated by androgens. It begins with a brief overview of the sex differences that distinguish prefrontal function in health and prefrontal dysfunction or decline in aging and/or neuropsychiatric disease. This review article then spotlights data from human subjects and animal models that specifically identify androgens as potent modulators of prefrontal cortical operations and of closely related, functionally critical measures of prefrontal dopamine level or tone. Candidate mechanisms by which androgens dynamically control mesoprefrontal dopamine systems and impact prefrontal states of hypo- and hyper-dopaminergia in aging and disease are then considered. This is followed by discussion of a working model that identifies a key locus for androgen modulation of mesoprefrontal dopamine systems as residing within the prefrontal cortex itself. The last sections of this review critically consider the ways in which the organization and regulation of mesoprefrontal dopamine circuits differ in the adult male and female brain, and highlights gaps where more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Kritzer
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5230, United States.
| | - Alexander Adler
- Department of Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, United States
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Sun M, Zhang Y, Zhang XQ, Zhang Y, Wang XD, Li JT, Si TM, Su YA. Dopamine D1 receptor in medial prefrontal cortex mediates the effects of TAAR1 activation on chronic stress-induced cognitive and social deficits. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1341-1351. [PMID: 38658737 PMCID: PMC11224251 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is an intracellular expressed G-protein-coupled receptor that is widely expressed in major dopaminergic areas and plays a crucial role in modulation of central dopaminergic neurotransmission and function. Pharmacological studies have clarified the roles of dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in cognitive function and social behaviors, and chronic stress can inhibit D1R expression due to its susceptibility. Recently, we identified TAAR1 in the mPFC as a potential target for treating chronic stress-induced cognitive and social dysfunction, but whether D1R is involved in mediating the effects of TAAR1 agonist remains unclear. Combined genomics and transcriptomic studies revealed downregulation of D1R in the mPFC of TAAR1-/- mice. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that hydrogen bond, salt bridge, and Pi-Pi stacking interactions were formed between TAAR1 and D1R indicating a stable TAAR1-D1R complex structure. Using pharmacological interventions, we found that D1R antagonist disrupted therapeutic effect of TAAR1 partial agonist RO5263397 on stress-related cognitive and social dysfunction. Knockout TAAR1 in D1-type dopamine receptor-expressing neurons reproduced adverse effects of chronic stress, and TAAR1 conditional knockout in the mPFC led to similar deficits, along with downregulation of D1R expression, all of these effects were ameliorated by viral overexpression of D1R in the mPFC, suggesting the functional interaction between TAAR1 and D1R. Collectively, our data elucidate the possible molecular mechanism that D1R in the mPFC mediates the effects of TAAR1 activation on chronic stress-induced cognitive and social deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Qiang Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Tao Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Mei Si
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
| | - Yun-Ai Su
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
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Ross G, Radtke-Schuller S, Frohlich F. Ferret as a model system for studying the anatomy and function of the prefrontal cortex: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105701. [PMID: 38718987 PMCID: PMC11162921 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
There is a lack of consensus on anatomical nomenclature, standards of documentation, and functional equivalence of the frontal cortex between species. There remains a major gap between human prefrontal function and interpretation of findings in the mouse brain that appears to lack several key prefrontal areas involved in cognition and psychiatric illnesses. The ferret is an emerging model organism that has gained traction as an intermediate model species for the study of top-down cognitive control and other higher-order brain functions. However, this research has yet to benefit from synthesis. Here, we provide a summary of all published research pertaining to the frontal and/or prefrontal cortex of the ferret across research scales. The targeted location within the ferret brain is summarized visually for each experiment, and the anatomical terminology used at time of publishing is compared to what would be the appropriate term to use presently. By doing so, we hope to improve clarity in the interpretation of both previous and future publications on the comparative study of frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susanne Radtke-Schuller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Flavio Frohlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Elmers J, Colzato LS, Ziemssen F, Ziemssen T, Beste C. Optical coherence tomography as a potential surrogate marker of dopaminergic modulation across the life span. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102280. [PMID: 38518921 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The retina has been considered a "window to the brain" and shares similar innervation by the dopaminergic system with the cortex in terms of an unequal distribution of D1 and D2 receptors. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview that Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), a non-invasive imaging technique, which provides an "in vivo" representation of the retina, shows promise to be used as a surrogate marker of dopaminergic neuromodulation in cognition. Overall, most evidence supports reduced retinal thickness in individuals with dopaminergic dysregulation (e.g., patients with Parkinson's Disease, non-demented older adults) and with poor cognitive functioning. By using the theoretical framework of metacontrol, we derive hypotheses that retinal thinning associated to decreased dopamine (DA) levels affecting D1 families, might lead to a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) affecting cognitive persistence (depending on D1-modulated DA activity) but not cognitive flexibility (depending on D2-modulated DA activity). We argue that the use of OCT parameters might not only be an insightful for cognitive neuroscience research, but also a potentially effective tool for individualized medicine with a focus on cognition. As our society progressively ages in the forthcoming years and decades, the preservation of cognitive abilities and promoting healthy aging will hold of crucial significance. OCT has the potential to function as a swift, non-invasive, and economical method for promptly recognizing individuals with a heightened vulnerability to cognitive deterioration throughout all stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Elmers
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenza S Colzato
- Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Focke Ziemssen
- Ophthalmological Clinic, University Clinic Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
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7
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Bogdańska-Chomczyk E, Równiak M, Huang ACW, Kozłowska A. Parvalbumin interneuron deficiency in the prefrontal and motor cortices of spontaneously hypertensive rats: an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder animal model insight. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1359237. [PMID: 38600979 PMCID: PMC11005678 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1359237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by impairments in developmental-behavioral inhibition, resulting in impulsivity and hyperactivity. Recent research has underscored cortical inhibition deficiencies in ADHD via the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system, which is crucial for maintaining excitatory-inhibitory balance in the brain. This study explored postnatal changes in parvalbumin (PV) immunoreactivity, indicating GABAergic interneuron types, in the prefrontal (PFC) and motor (MC) cortices of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), an ADHD animal model. Methods Examining PV- positive (PV+) cells associated with dopamine D2 receptors (D2) and the impact of dopamine on GABA synthesis, we also investigated changes in the immunoreactivity of D2 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Brain sections from 4- to 10-week-old SHRs and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs) were immunohistochemically analyzed, comparing PV+, D2+ cells, and TH+ fiber densities across age-matched SHRs and WKYs in specific PFC/MC regions. Results The results revealed significantly reduced PV+ cell density in SHRs: prelimbic (~20% less), anterior cingulate (~15% less), primary (~15% less), and secondary motor (~17% less) cortices. PV+ deficits coincided with the upregulation of D2 in prepubertal SHRs and the downregulation of TH predominantly in pubertal/postpubertal SHRs. Conclusion Reduced PV+ cells in various PFC regions could contribute to inattention/behavioral alterations in ADHD, while MC deficits could manifest as motor hyperactivity. D2 upregulation and TH deficits may impact GABA synthesis, exacerbating behavioral deficits in ADHD. These findings not only shed new light on ADHD pathophysiology but also pave the way for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Bogdańska-Chomczyk
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maciej Równiak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Anna Kozłowska
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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Arnsten AFT, Wang M, D’Esposito M. Dynamic Network Connectivity: from monkeys to humans. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1353043. [PMID: 38384333 PMCID: PMC10879414 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1353043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Human brain imaging research using functional MRI (fMRI) has uncovered flexible variations in the functional connectivity between brain regions. While some of this variability likely arises from the pattern of information flow through circuits, it may also be influenced by rapid changes in effective synaptic strength at the molecular level, a phenomenon called Dynamic Network Connectivity (DNC) discovered in non-human primate circuits. These neuromodulatory molecular mechanisms are found in layer III of the macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the site of the microcircuits shown by Goldman-Rakic to be critical for working memory. This research has shown that the neuromodulators acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and dopamine can rapidly change the strength of synaptic connections in layer III dlPFC by (1) modifying the depolarization state of the post-synaptic density needed for NMDA receptor neurotransmission and (2) altering the open state of nearby potassium channels to rapidly weaken or strengthen synaptic efficacy and the strength of persistent neuronal firing. Many of these actions involve increased cAMP-calcium signaling in dendritic spines, where varying levels can coordinate the arousal state with the cognitive state. The current review examines the hypothesis that some of the dynamic changes in correlative strength between cortical regions observed in human fMRI studies may arise from these molecular underpinnings, as has been seen when pharmacological agents or genetic alterations alter the functional connectivity of the dlPFC consistent with the macaque physiology. These DNC mechanisms provide essential flexibility but may also confer vulnerability to malfunction when dysregulated in cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy F. T. Arnsten
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mark D’Esposito
- Department of Psychology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Halahakoon DC, Kaltenboeck A, Martens M, Geddes JG, Harmer CJ, Cowen P, Browning M. Pramipexole Enhances Reward Learning by Preserving Value Estimates. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:286-296. [PMID: 37330165 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine D2-like agonists show promise as treatments for depression. They are thought to act by enhancing reward learning; however, the mechanisms by which they achieve this are not clear. Reinforcement learning accounts describe 3 distinct candidate mechanisms: increased reward sensitivity, increased inverse decision-temperature, and decreased value decay. As these mechanisms produce equivalent effects on behavior, arbitrating between them requires measurement of how expectations and prediction errors are altered. We characterized the effects of 2 weeks of the D2-like agonist pramipexole on reward learning and used functional magnetic resonance imaging measures of expectation and prediction error to assess which of these 3 mechanistic processes were responsible for the behavioral effects. METHODS Forty healthy volunteers (50% female) were randomized to 2 weeks of pramipexole (titrated to 1 mg/day) or placebo in a double-blind, between-subject design. Participants completed a probabilistic instrumental learning task before and after the pharmacological intervention, with functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected at the second visit. Asymptotic choice accuracy and a reinforcement learning model were used to assess reward learning. RESULTS Pramipexole increased choice accuracy in the reward condition with no effect on losses. Participants who received pramipexole had increased blood oxygen level-dependent response in the orbital frontal cortex during the expectation of win trials but decreased blood oxygen level-dependent response to reward prediction errors in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. This pattern of results indicates that pramipexole enhances choice accuracy by reducing the decay of estimated values during reward learning. CONCLUSIONS The D2-like receptor agonist pramipexole enhances reward learning by preserving learned values. This is a plausible mechanism for pramipexole's antidepressant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Chamith Halahakoon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Kaltenboeck
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marieke Martens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John G Geddes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Cowen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Browning
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Datta D, Perone I, Morozov YM, Arellano J, Duque A, Rakic P, van Dyck CH, Arnsten AFT. Localization of PDE4D, HCN1 channels, and mGluR3 in rhesus macaque entorhinal cortex may confer vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11501-11516. [PMID: 37874022 PMCID: PMC10724870 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease cortical tau pathology initiates in the layer II cell clusters of entorhinal cortex, but it is not known why these specific neurons are so vulnerable. Aging macaques exhibit the same qualitative pattern of tau pathology as humans, including initial pathology in layer II entorhinal cortex clusters, and thus can inform etiological factors driving selective vulnerability. Macaque data have already shown that susceptible neurons in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex express a "signature of flexibility" near glutamate synapses on spines, where cAMP-PKA magnification of calcium signaling opens nearby potassium and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels to dynamically alter synapse strength. This process is regulated by PDE4A/D, mGluR3, and calbindin, to prevent toxic calcium actions; regulatory actions that are lost with age/inflammation, leading to tau phosphorylation. The current study examined whether a similar "signature of flexibility" expresses in layer II entorhinal cortex, investigating the localization of PDE4D, mGluR3, and HCN1 channels. Results showed a similar pattern to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with PDE4D and mGluR3 positioned to regulate internal calcium release near glutamate synapses, and HCN1 channels concentrated on spines. As layer II entorhinal cortex stellate cells do not express calbindin, even when young, they may be particularly vulnerable to magnified calcium actions and ensuing tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyadeep Datta
- Departments of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Isabella Perone
- Departments of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yury M Morozov
- Departments of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jon Arellano
- Departments of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Alvaro Duque
- Departments of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Departments of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Amy F T Arnsten
- Departments of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Cox LA, Puppala S, Chan J, Zimmerman KD, Hamid Z, Ampong I, Huber HF, Li G, Jadhav AYL, Wang B, Li C, Baxter MG, Shively C, Clarke GD, Register TC, Nathanielsz PW, Olivier M. Integrated multi-omics analysis of brain aging in female nonhuman primates reveals altered signaling pathways relevant to age-related disorders. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 132:109-119. [PMID: 37797463 PMCID: PMC10841409 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been implicated as a key brain region responsible for age-related cognitive decline. Little is known about aging-related molecular changes in PFC that may mediate these effects. To date, no studies have used untargeted discovery methods with integrated analyses to determine PFC molecular changes in healthy female primates. We quantified PFC changes associated with healthy aging in female baboons by integrating multiple omics data types (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) from samples across the adult age span. Our integrated omics approach using unbiased weighted gene co-expression network analysis to integrate data and treat age as a continuous variable, revealed highly interconnected known and novel pathways associated with PFC aging. We found Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) tissue content associated with these signaling pathways, providing 1 potential biomarker to assess PFC changes with age. These highly coordinated pathway changes during aging may represent early steps for aging-related decline in PFC functions, such as learning and memory, and provide potential biomarkers to assess cognitive status in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Sobha Puppala
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jeannie Chan
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kip D Zimmerman
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Zeeshan Hamid
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Isaac Ampong
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hillary F Huber
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Avinash Y L Jadhav
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Benlian Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cun Li
- Texas Pregnancy & Life-Course Health Research Center, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Mark G Baxter
- Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carol Shively
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Clarke
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Texas Pregnancy & Life-Course Health Research Center, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Michael Olivier
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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12
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Sayalı C, van den Bosch R, Määttä JI, Hofmans L, Papadopetraki D, Booij J, Verkes RJ, Baas M, Cools R. Methylphenidate undermines or enhances divergent creativity depending on baseline dopamine synthesis capacity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1849-1858. [PMID: 37270619 PMCID: PMC10584959 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamine-enhancing psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate have long been argued to undermine creative thinking. However, prior evidence for this is weak or contradictory, stemming from studies with small sample sizes that do not consider the well-established large variability in psychostimulant effects across different individuals and task demands. We aimed to definitively establish the link between psychostimulants and creative thinking by measuring effects of methylphenidate in 90 healthy participants on distinct creative tasks that measure convergent and divergent thinking, as a function of individuals' baseline dopamine synthesis capacity, indexed with 18F-FDOPA PET imaging. In a double-blind, within-subject design, participants were administered methylphenidate, placebo or selective D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride. The results showed that striatal dopamine synthesis capacity and/or methylphenidate administration did not affect divergent and convergent thinking. However, exploratory analysis demonstrated a baseline dopamine-dependent effect of methylphenidate on a measure of response divergence, a creativity measure that measures response variability. Response divergence was reduced by methylphenidate in participants with low dopamine synthesis capacity but enhanced in those with high dopamine synthesis capacity. No evidence of any effect of sulpiride was found. These results show that methylphenidate can undermine certain forms of divergent creativity but only in individuals with low baseline dopamine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Sayalı
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ruben van den Bosch
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica I Määttä
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lieke Hofmans
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danae Papadopetraki
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert-Jan Verkes
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Baas
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roshan Cools
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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13
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Desai RI, Kangas BD, Luc OT, Solakidou E, Smith EC, Dawes MH, Ma X, Makriyannis A, Chatterjee S, Dayeh MA, Muñoz-Jaramillo A, Desai MI, Limoli CL. Complex 33-beam simulated galactic cosmic radiation exposure impacts cognitive function and prefrontal cortex neurotransmitter networks in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7779. [PMID: 38012180 PMCID: PMC10682413 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Astronauts will encounter extended exposure to galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) during deep space exploration, which could impair brain function. Here, we report that in male mice, acute or chronic GCR exposure did not modify reward sensitivity but did adversely affect attentional processes and increased reaction times. Potassium (K+)-stimulation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) elevated dopamine (DA) but abolished temporal DA responsiveness after acute and chronic GCR exposure. Unlike acute GCR, chronic GCR increased levels of all other neurotransmitters, with differences evident between groups after higher K+-stimulation. Correlational and machine learning analysis showed that acute and chronic GCR exposure differentially reorganized the connection strength and causation of DA and other PFC neurotransmitter networks compared to controls which may explain space radiation-induced neurocognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev I Desai
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Behavioral Biology Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Brian D Kangas
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Behavioral Biology Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Oanh T Luc
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Behavioral Biology Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Eleana Solakidou
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evan C Smith
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Monica H Dawes
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Behavioral Biology Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Maher A Dayeh
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78238, USA
- University of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | | | - Mihir I Desai
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78238, USA
- University of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Charles L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92697, USA
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14
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Yarur HE, Casello SM, Tsai VS, Enriquez-Traba J, Kore R, Wang H, Arenivar M, Tejeda HA. Dynorphin / kappa-opioid receptor regulation of excitation-inhibition balance toggles afferent control of prefrontal cortical circuits in a pathway-specific manner. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4801-4813. [PMID: 37644172 PMCID: PMC10914606 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) controls behavior via connections with limbic excitatory afferents that engage various inhibitory motifs to shape mPFC circuit function. The dynorphin (Dyn) / kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) system is highly enriched in the mPFC, and its dysregulation is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it is unclear how the Dyn / KOR system modulates excitatory and inhibitory circuits that are integral for mPFC information processing and behavioral control. Here, we provide a circuit-based framework wherein mPFC Dyn / KOR signaling regulates excitation-inhibition balance by toggling which afferents drive mPFC neurons. Dyn / KOR regulation of afferent inputs is pathway-specific. Dyn acting on presynaptic KORs inhibits glutamate release from afferent inputs to the mPFC, including the basolateral amygdala (BLA), paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, and contralateral cortex. The majority of excitatory synapses to mPFC neurons, including those from the ventral hippocampus (VH), do not express presynaptic KOR, rendering them insensitive to Dyn / KOR modulation. Dyn / KOR signaling also suppresses afferent-driven recruitment of specific inhibitory sub-networks, providing a basis for Dyn to disinhibit mPFC circuits. Specifically, Dyn / KOR signaling preferentially suppresses SST interneuron- relative to PV interneuron-mediated inhibition. Selective KOR action on afferents or within mPFC microcircuits gates how distinct limbic inputs drive spiking in mPFC neurons. Presynaptic Dyn / KOR signaling decreases KOR-positive input-driven (e.g. BLA) spiking of mPFC neurons. In contrast, KOR-negative input recruitment of mPFC neurons is enhanced by Dyn / KOR signaling via suppression of mPFC inhibitory microcircuits. Thus, by acting on distinct circuit elements, Dyn / KOR signaling shifts KOR-positive and negative afferent control of mPFC circuits, providing mechanistic insights into the role of neuropeptides in shaping mPFC function. Together, these findings highlight the utility of targeting the mPFC Dyn / KOR system as a means to treat neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by dysregulation in mPFC integration of long-range afferents with local inhibitory microcircuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector E Yarur
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sanne M Casello
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valerie S Tsai
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Enriquez-Traba
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH Graduate Partnership Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rufina Kore
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huikun Wang
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Miguel Arenivar
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH Graduate Partnership Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hugo A Tejeda
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Wess J, Oteng AB, Rivera-Gonzalez O, Gurevich EV, Gurevich VV. β-Arrestins: Structure, Function, Physiology, and Pharmacological Perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:854-884. [PMID: 37028945 PMCID: PMC10441628 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The two β-arrestins, β-arrestin-1 and -2 (systematic names: arrestin-2 and -3, respectively), are multifunctional intracellular proteins that regulate the activity of a very large number of cellular signaling pathways and physiologic functions. The two proteins were discovered for their ability to disrupt signaling via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) via binding to the activated receptors. However, it is now well recognized that both β-arrestins can also act as direct modulators of numerous cellular processes via either GPCR-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Recent structural, biophysical, and biochemical studies have provided novel insights into how β-arrestins bind to activated GPCRs and downstream effector proteins. Studies with β-arrestin mutant mice have identified numerous physiologic and pathophysiological processes regulated by β-arrestin-1 and/or -2. Following a short summary of recent structural studies, this review primarily focuses on β-arrestin-regulated physiologic functions, with particular focus on the central nervous system and the roles of β-arrestins in carcinogenesis and key metabolic processes including the maintenance of glucose and energy homeostasis. This review also highlights potential therapeutic implications of these studies and discusses strategies that could prove useful for targeting specific β-arrestin-regulated signaling pathways for therapeutic purposes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The two β-arrestins, structurally closely related intracellular proteins that are evolutionarily highly conserved, have emerged as multifunctional proteins able to regulate a vast array of cellular and physiological functions. The outcome of studies with β-arrestin mutant mice and cultured cells, complemented by novel insights into β-arrestin structure and function, should pave the way for the development of novel classes of therapeutically useful drugs capable of regulating specific β-arrestin functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., A.-B.O., O.R.-G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (E.V.G., V.V.G.)
| | - Antwi-Boasiako Oteng
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., A.-B.O., O.R.-G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (E.V.G., V.V.G.)
| | - Osvaldo Rivera-Gonzalez
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., A.-B.O., O.R.-G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (E.V.G., V.V.G.)
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., A.-B.O., O.R.-G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (E.V.G., V.V.G.)
| | - Vsevolod V Gurevich
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland (J.W., A.-B.O., O.R.-G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (E.V.G., V.V.G.)
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Louis CC, Jacobs E, D'Esposito M, Moser J. Estradiol and the Catechol-o-methyltransferase Gene Interact to Predict Working Memory Performance: A Replication and Extension. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:1144-1153. [PMID: 37159230 PMCID: PMC10273222 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Decades of evidence across taxa have established the importance of dopamine (DA) signaling in the pFC for successful working memory performance. Genetic and hormonal factors can shape individual differences in prefrontal DA tone. The catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) gene regulates basal prefrontal DA, and the sex hormone 17β-estradiol potentiates DA release. E. Jacobs and M. D'Esposito [Estrogen shapes dopamine-dependent cognitive processes: Implications for women's health. Journal of Neuroscience, 31, 5286-5293, 2011] investigated the moderating role of estradiol on cognition using the COMT gene and COMT enzymatic activity as a proxy for pFC DA tone. They found that increases in 17β-estradiol within women at two time points during the menstrual cycle influenced working memory performance in a COMT-dependent manner. Here, we aimed to replicate and extend the behavioral findings of Jacobs and D'Esposito by employing an intensive repeated-measures design across a full menstrual cycle. Our results replicated the original investigation. Within-person increases in estradiol were associated with improved performance on 2-back lure trials for participants with low basal levels of DA (Val/Val carriers). The association was in the opposite direction for participants with higher basal levels of DA (Met/Met carriers). Our findings support the role of estrogen in DA-related cognitive functions and further highlight the need to consider gonadal hormones in cognitive science research.
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17
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Kohler CG, Wolf DH, Abi-Dargham A, Anticevic A, Cho YT, Fonteneau C, Gil R, Girgis RR, Gray DL, Grinband J, Javitch JA, Kantrowitz JT, Krystal JH, Lieberman JA, Murray JD, Ranganathan M, Santamauro N, Van Snellenberg JX, Tamayo Z, Gur RC, Gur RE, Calkins ME. Illness Phase as a Key Assessment and Intervention Window for Psychosis. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:340-350. [PMID: 37519466 PMCID: PMC10382701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotype of schizophrenia, regardless of etiology, represents the most studied psychotic disorder with respect to neurobiology and distinct phases of illness. The early phase of illness represents a unique opportunity to provide effective and individualized interventions that can alter illness trajectories. Developmental age and illness stage, including temporal variation in neurobiology, can be targeted to develop phase-specific clinical assessment, biomarkers, and interventions. We review an earlier model whereby an initial glutamate signaling deficit progresses through different phases of allostatic adaptation, moving from potentially reversible functional abnormalities associated with early psychosis and working memory dysfunction, and ending with difficult-to-reverse structural changes after chronic illness. We integrate this model with evidence of dopaminergic abnormalities, including cortical D1 dysfunction, which develop during adolescence. We discuss how this model and a focus on a potential critical window of intervention in the early stages of schizophrenia impact the approach to research design and clinical care. This impact includes stage-specific considerations for symptom assessment as well as genetic, cognitive, and neurophysiological biomarkers. We examine how phase-specific biomarkers of illness phase and brain development can be incorporated into current strategies for large-scale research and clinical programs implementing coordinated specialty care. We highlight working memory and D1 dysfunction as early treatment targets that can substantially affect functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G. Kohler
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Youngsun T. Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Clara Fonteneau
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Roberto Gil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook
| | - Ragy R. Girgis
- Departments of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - David L. Gray
- Cerevel Therapeutics Research and Development, East Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jack Grinband
- Departments of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Jonathan A. Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | - Joshua T. Kantrowitz
- Departments of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York
| | - John H. Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeffrey A. Lieberman
- Departments of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - John D. Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mohini Ranganathan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nicole Santamauro
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jared X. Van Snellenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook
| | - Zailyn Tamayo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica E. Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Zakiniaeiz Y, Gueorguieva R, Peltier MR, Verplaetse TL, Roberts W, McKee SA, Cosgrove KP. Sex steroid hormone levels associated with dopamine D 2/3 receptor availability in people who smoke cigarettes. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1192740. [PMID: 37358969 PMCID: PMC10288103 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1192740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sex differences exist in tobacco smoking. Women have greater difficulty quitting smoking than men. Tobacco smoking is driven by the reinforcing effects of nicotine, the primary addictive component in cigarettes. Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, facilitating dopamine release in striatal and cortical brain regions. Dysregulated dopamine D2/3 receptor signaling in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is associated with cognitive deficits such as impairments in attention, learning, and inhibitory control that impede quit attempts. Sex steroid hormones, such as estradiol and progesterone, influence drug-taking behaviors, through dopaminergic actions, suggesting that their influence may explain sex differences in tobacco smoking. The goal of this study was to relate dlPFC dopamine metrics to sex steroid hormone levels in people who smoke and healthy controls. Methods Twenty-four (12 women) people who smoke cigarettes and 25 sex- and age-matched controls participated in two same-day [11C]FLB457 positron emission tomography scans, one before and one after amphetamine administration. D2R availability (BPND) at baseline and after amphetamine administration was calculated. On the same day, plasma samples were collected for the analysis of sex steroid hormone levels: estradiol, progesterone, and free testosterone. Results Women who smoke had trending lower levels of estradiol than their sex-matched counterparts. Men who smoke had higher levels of estradiol and trending higher levels of free testosterone than their sex-matched counterparts. Among women only, lower estradiol levels were significantly associated with lower pre-amphetamine dlPFC BPND. Discussion/conclusion This study demonstrated that lower estradiol levels are associated with lower dlPFC D2R availability in women which may underlie difficulty resisting smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - MacKenzie R. Peltier
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Psychology Service, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Terril L. Verplaetse
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Walter Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sherry A. McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kelly P. Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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19
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Lee EE, Adamowicz DH, Frangou S. An NIMH Workshop on Non-Affective Psychosis in Midlife and Beyond: Research Agenda on Phenomenology, Clinical Trajectories, Underlying Mechanisms, and Intervention Targets. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 31:353-365. [PMID: 36858928 PMCID: PMC10990076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a review of the state of the research in the phenomenology, clinical trajectories, biological mechanisms, aging biomarkers, and treatments for middle-aged and older people with schizophrenia (PwS) discussed at the NIMH sponsored workshop "Non-affective Psychosis in Midlife and Beyond." The growing population of PwS has specific clinical needs that require tailored and mechanistically derived interventions. Differentiating between the effects of aging and disease progression is a key challenge of studying older PwS. This review of the workshop highlights the recent findings in this understudied clinical population and the critical gaps in knowledge and consensus for research priorities. This review showcases the major challenges and opportunities for research to advance clinical care for this growing and understudied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E Lee
- Department of Psychiatry (EEL, DA), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging (EEL, DA), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System (EEL), San Diego, CA.
| | - David H Adamowicz
- Department of Psychiatry (EEL, DA), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging (EEL, DA), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry (SF), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (SF), New York, NY
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Mazzeo F, Meccariello R, Guatteo E. Molecular and Epigenetic Aspects of Opioid Receptors in Drug Addiction and Pain Management in Sport. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097831. [PMID: 37175536 PMCID: PMC10178540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are substances derived from opium (natural opioids). In its raw state, opium is a gummy latex extracted from Papaver somniferum. The use of opioids and their negative health consequences among people who use drugs have been studied. Today, opioids are still the most commonly used and effective analgesic treatments for severe pain, but their use and abuse causes detrimental side effects for health, including addiction, thus impacting the user's quality of life and causing overdose. The mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic circuitry represents the brain circuit mediating both natural rewards and the rewarding aspects of nearly all drugs of abuse, including opioids. Hence, understanding how opioids affect the function of dopaminergic circuitry may be useful for better knowledge of the process and to develop effective therapeutic strategies in addiction. The aim of this review was to summarize the main features of opioids and opioid receptors and focus on the molecular and upcoming epigenetic mechanisms leading to opioid addiction. Since synthetic opioids can be effective for pain management, their ability to induce addiction in athletes, with the risk of incurring doping, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Mazzeo
- Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity and Sports Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meccariello
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Ezia Guatteo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
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21
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Zakiniaeiz Y, Gueorguieva R, Peltier MR, Roberts W, Verplaetse TL, Burke C, Morris ED, McKee SA, Cosgrove KP. Lower Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Availability is Associated With Worse Verbal Learning and Memory in People Who Smoke Cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:1047-1051. [PMID: 36107715 PMCID: PMC10077933 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoking is a major public health burden. The mesocortical dopamine system-including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)-plays an important role in cognitive function. Dysregulated dopamine signaling in dlPFC is associated with cognitive deficits such as impairments in attention, learning, working memory, and inhibitory control. We recently showed that dlPFC dopamine D2/3-type receptor (D2R) availability was significantly lower in people who smoke than in healthy-controls and that dlPFC amphetamine-induced dopamine release was lower in females who smoke relative to males who smoke and female healthy-controls. However, we did not examine whether the smoking-related dopamine deficits were related to cognitive deficits. AIMS AND METHODS The goal of this study was to relate dopamine metrics to cognitive performance in people who smoke and healthy-controls. In total 24 (12 female) people who smoke cigarettes and 25 sex- and age-matched healthy-controls participated in two same-day [11C]FLB457 positron emission tomography (PET) scans before and after amphetamine administration. Two outcome measures were calculated-D2R availability (non-displaceable binding potential; BPND) and amphetamine-induced dopamine release (%ΔBPND). Cognition (verbal learning and memory) was assessed with a computerized test from the CogState battery (International Shopping List). RESULTS People who smoke had significantly worse immediate (p = .04) and delayed (p = .03) recall than healthy-controls. Multiple linear regression revealed that for people who smoke only, lower D2R availability was associated with worse immediate (p = .04) and delayed (p < .001) recall. %ΔBPND was not significantly related to task performance. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that lower dlPFC D2R availability in people who smoke is associated with disruptions in cognitive function that may underlie difficulty with resisting smoking. IMPLICATIONS This is the first study to directly relate dopamine metrics in the prefrontal cortex to cognitive function in people who smoke cigarettes compared to healthy-controls. The current work included a well-characterized subject sample with regards to demographic and smoking variables, as well as a validated neurocognitive test of verbal learning and memory. The findings of this study extend previous literature by relating dopamine metrics to cognition in people who smoke, providing a better understanding of brain-behavior relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - MacKenzie R Peltier
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Psychology Service, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Walter Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Terril L Verplaetse
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Catherine Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sherry A McKee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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22
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Pereira DJ, Sayal A, Pereira J, Morais S, Macedo A, Direito B, Castelo-Branco M. Neurofeedback-dependent influence of the ventral striatum using a working memory paradigm targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1014223. [PMID: 36844653 PMCID: PMC9947361 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1014223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Executive functions and motivation have been established as key aspects for neurofeedback success. However, task-specific influence of cognitive strategies is scarcely explored. In this study, we test the ability to modulate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a strong candidate for clinical application of neurofeedback in several disorders with dysexecutive syndrome, and investigate how feedback contributes to better performance in a single session. Participants of both neurofeedback (n = 17) and sham-control (n = 10) groups were able to modulate DLPFC in most runs (with or without feedback) while performing a working memory imagery task. However, activity in the target area was higher and more sustained in the active group when receiving feedback. Furthermore, we found increased activity in the nucleus accumbens in the active group, compared with a predominantly negative response along the block in participants receiving sham feedback. Moreover, they acknowledged the non-contingency between imagery and feedback, reflecting the impact on motivation. This study reinforces DLPFC as a robust target for neurofeedback clinical implementations and enhances the critical influence of the ventral striatum, both poised to achieve success in the self-regulation of brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jardim Pereira
- Neurorradiology Functional Area, Imaging Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal,Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Sayal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Siemens Healthineers Portugal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Pereira
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Morais
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Psychiatry Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Macedo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Psychiatry Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Direito
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,IATV—Instituto do Ambiente, Tecnologia e Vida (IATV), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,*Correspondence: Miguel Castelo-Branco
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23
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Arnsten AFT, Joyce MKP, Roberts AC. The Aversive Lens: Stress effects on the prefrontal-cingulate cortical pathways that regulate emotion. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 145:105000. [PMID: 36529312 PMCID: PMC9898199 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.105000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ARNSTEN, A.F.T., M.K.P. Joyce and A.C. Roberts. The Aversive Lens: Stress effects on the prefrontal-cingulate cortical pathways that regulate emotion. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV XXX-XXX, 2022. The symptoms of major-depressive-disorder include psychic pain and anhedonia, i.e. seeing the world through an "aversive lens". The neurobiology underlying this shift in worldview is emerging. Here these data are reviewed, focusing on how activation of subgenual cingulate (BA25) induces an "aversive lens", and how higher prefrontal cortical (PFC) areas (BA46/10/32) provide top-down regulation of BA25 but are weakened by excessive dopamine and norepinephrine release during stress exposure, and dendritic spine loss with chronic stress exposure. These changes may generate an attractor state, which maintains the brain under the control of BA25, requiring medication or neuromodulatory treatments to return connectivity to a more flexible state. In line with this hypothesis, effective anti-depressant treatments reduce the activity of BA25 and restore top-down regulation by higher circuits, e.g. as seen with SSRI medications, ketamine, deep brain stimulation of BA25, or rTMS to strengthen dorsolateral PFC. This research has special relevance in an era of chronic stress caused by the COVID19 pandemic, political unrest and threat of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy F T Arnsten
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Mary Kate P Joyce
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Angela C Roberts
- Department Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
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24
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Loyola-Navarro R, Moënne-Loccoz C, Vergara RC, Hyafil A, Aboitiz F, Maldonado PE. Voluntary self-initiation of the stimuli onset improves working memory and accelerates visual and attentional processing. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12215. [PMID: 36578387 PMCID: PMC9791366 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of an organism to voluntarily control the stimuli onset modulates perceptual and attentional functions. Since stimulus encoding is an essential component of working memory (WM), we conjectured that controlling the initiation of the perceptual process would positively modulate WM. To corroborate this proposition, we tested twenty-five healthy subjects in a modified-Sternberg WM task under three stimuli presentation conditions: an automatic presentation of the stimuli, a self-initiated presentation of the stimuli (through a button press), and a self-initiated presentation with random-delay stimuli onset. Concurrently, we recorded the subjects' electroencephalographic signals during WM encoding. We found that the self-initiated condition was associated with better WM accuracy, and earlier latencies of N1, P2 and P3 evoked potential components representing visual, attentional and mental review of the stimuli processes, respectively. Our work demonstrates that self-initiated stimuli enhance WM performance and accelerate early visual and attentional processes deployed during WM encoding. We also found that self-initiated stimuli correlate with an increased attentional state compared to the other two conditions, suggesting a role for temporal stimuli predictability. Our study remarks on the relevance of self-control of the stimuli onset in sensory, attentional and memory updating processing for WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Loyola-Navarro
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Educación Diferencial, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Advanced Research in Education, Institute of Education, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Moënne-Loccoz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (CENIA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo C. Vergara
- Departamento de Kinesiología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (CENIA), Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Educación, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación (CIE-UMCE), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro E. Maldonado
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago, Chile
- Centro Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (CENIA), Santiago, Chile
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25
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Hellrung L, Kirschner M, Sulzer J, Sladky R, Scharnowski F, Herdener M, Tobler PN. Analysis of individual differences in neurofeedback training illuminates successful self-regulation of the dopaminergic midbrain. Commun Biol 2022; 5:845. [PMID: 35986202 PMCID: PMC9391365 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic midbrain is associated with reinforcement learning, motivation and decision-making - functions often disturbed in neuropsychiatric disorders. Previous research has shown that dopaminergic midbrain activity can be endogenously modulated via neurofeedback. However, the robustness of endogenous modulation, a requirement for clinical translation, is unclear. Here, we examine whether the activation of particular brain regions associates with successful regulation transfer when feedback is no longer available. Moreover, to elucidate mechanisms underlying effective self-regulation, we study the relation of successful transfer with learning (temporal difference coding) outside the midbrain during neurofeedback training and with individual reward sensitivity in a monetary incentive delay (MID) task. Fifty-nine participants underwent neurofeedback training either in standard (Study 1 N = 15, Study 2 N = 28) or control feedback group (Study 1, N = 16). We find that successful self-regulation is associated with prefrontal reward sensitivity in the MID task (N = 25), with a decreasing relation between prefrontal activity and midbrain learning signals during neurofeedback training and with increased activity within cognitive control areas during transfer. The association between midbrain self-regulation and prefrontal temporal difference and reward sensitivity suggests that reinforcement learning contributes to successful self-regulation. Our findings provide insights in the control of midbrain activity and may facilitate individually tailoring neurofeedback training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Hellrung
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Kirschner
- Department of Psychiatric, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - James Sulzer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ronald Sladky
- Department of Psychiatric, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Scharnowski
- Department of Psychiatric, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Herdener
- Center for Addictive Disorders, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe N Tobler
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Souza R, Bueno D, Lima LB, Muchon MJ, Gonçalves L, Donato J, Shammah-Lagnado SJ, Metzger M. Top-down projections of the prefrontal cortex to the ventral tegmental area, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, and median raphe nucleus. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2465-2487. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02538-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Marino RA, Gaprielian P, Levy R. Systemic D1-R and D2-R antagonists in Non-Human Primates Differentially Impact Learning and Memory While Impairing Motivation and Motor Performance. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4121-4140. [PMID: 35746869 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) modulates cognition in part via differential activation of D1 and D2 receptors within the striatum and prefrontal cortex, yet evidence for cognitive impairments stemming from DA blockade or deficiency is inconsistent. Given the predominance of D1 over D2 receptors (R) in the prefrontal cortex of primates, D1-R blockade should more strongly influence frontal executive function (including working memory), while D2-R blockade should impair processes more strongly associated with the dorsal striatum (including cognitive flexibility, and learning). To test how systemic DA blockade disrupts cognition, we administered D1-R and D2-R like antagonists to healthy monkeys while they performed a series of cognitive tasks. Two selective DA receptor antagonist drugs (SCH-23390 hydrochloride: D1/D5-R antagonist; or Eticlopride hydrochloride: D2/D3-R antagonist) or placebo (0.9% saline) were systemically administered. Four tasks were used: (1) 'visually guided reaching', to test response time and accuracy, (2) 'reversal learning', to test association learning and attention, (3) 'self-ordered sequential search' to test spatial working memory, and (4) 'delayed match to sample' to test object working memory. Increased reach response times and decreased motivation to work for liquid reward was observed with both the D1/D5-R and D2/D3-R antagonists at the maximum dosages that still enabled task performance. The D2/D3-R antagonist impaired performance in the reversal learning task, while object and spatial working memory performance was not consistently affected in the tested tasks for either drug. These results are consistent with the theory that systemic D2/D3-R antagonists preferentially influence striatum processes (cognitive flexibility) while systemic D1/D5-R administration is less detrimental to frontal executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Marino
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pauline Gaprielian
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ron Levy
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Yang Y, Kocher SD, Lewis MM, Mailman RB. Dose-Dependent Regulation on Prefrontal Neuronal Working Memory by Dopamine D1 Agonists: Evidence of Receptor Functional Selectivity-Related Mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:898051. [PMID: 35784852 PMCID: PMC9244699 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.898051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low doses of dopamine D1 agonists improve working memory-related behavior, but high doses eliminate the improvement, thus yielding an ‘inverted-U’ dose-response curve. This dose-dependency also occurs at the single neuron level in the prefrontal cortex where the cellular basis of working memory is represented. Because signaling mechanisms are unclear, we examined this process at the neuron population level. Two D1 agonists (2-methyldihydrexidine and CY208,243) having different signaling bias were tested in rats performing a spatial working memory-related T-maze task. 2-Methyldihydrexidine is slightly bias toward D1-mediated β-arrestin-related signaling as it is a full agonist at adenylate cyclase and a super-agonist at β-arrestin recruitment, whereas CY208,243 is slightly bias toward D1-mediated cAMP signaling as it has relatively high intrinsic activity at adenylate cyclase, but is a partial agonist at β-arrestin recruitment. Both compounds had the expected inverted U dose-dependency in modulating prefrontal neuronal activities, albeit with important differences. Although CY208,243 was superior in improving the strength of neuronal outcome sensitivity to the working memory-related choice behavior in the T-maze, 2-methyldihydrexidine better reduced neuron-to-neuron variation. Interestingly, at the neuron population level, both drugs affected the percentage, uniformity, and ensemble strength of neuronal sensitivity in a complicated dose-dependent fashion, but the overall effect suggested higher efficiency and potency of 2-methyldihydrexidine compared to CY208,243. The differences between 2-methyldihydrexidine and CY208,243 may be related to their specific D1 signaling. These results suggest that D1-related dose-dependent regulation of working memory can be modified differentially by functionally selective ligands, theoretically increasing the balance between desired and undesired effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Translational Brain Research Center, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yang Yang,
| | - Susan D. Kocher
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Mechelle M. Lewis
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Translational Brain Research Center, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Richard B. Mailman
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Translational Brain Research Center, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Richard B. Mailman,
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29
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Iwamura Y, Nakayama T, Matsumoto A, Ogi Y, Yamaguchi M, Kobayashi A, Matsumoto K, Katsura Y, Konoike N, Nakamura K, Ikeda K. Effect of dopamine receptor-related compounds on naive common marmosets for auditory steady state response. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:229-238. [PMID: 35583977 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00147.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of auditory steady state responses (ASSR) and the effects of antipsychotic drugs on ASSR have been investigated in patients with schizophrenia. It is presumed that effects of drugs do not directly reflect on ASSR, because of ASSR abnormalities associated with schizophrenia. Therefore, to investigate the direct effect of drugs on ASSR, we established an ASSR evaluation system for common marmosets in a naïve state. Dopamine D1 receptor stimulation (SKF-81297, 2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) significantly increased evoked power (EP) at 40 Hz. The phase locking factor (PLF) was increased significantly at 20, 30, 40, and 80 Hz. However, the administration of a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist (SCH-39166, 0.3 mg/kg intraperitoneal) resulted in a significant decrease in EP and PLF at 30 Hz. Dopamine D2 receptor stimulation (quinpirole, 1 mg/kg, intramuscular) tended to increase EP and induced power (IP) at all frequencies, and a significant difference was observed at 30 Hz IP. There was no change in PLF at all frequencies. In addition, dopamine D2 receptor blockade (raclopride, 3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) reduced EP and PLF at 30 Hz. Subcutaneous administration of the serotonin dopamine antagonist, risperidone (0.3 mg/kg), tended to increase IP and decrease PLF, but not significantly. Taken together, it is possible to compare the differences in the mode of action of drugs on ASSR using naïve non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Iwamura
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakayama
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogi
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Masataka Yamaguchi
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Katsura
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Naho Konoike
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Katsuki Nakamura
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Ikeda
- Platform Technology Research Unit, Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Osaka, Japan
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30
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Wianny F, Dzahini K, Fifel K, Wilson CRE, Bernat A, Dolmazon V, Misery P, Lamy C, Giroud P, Cooper HM, Knoblauch K, Procyk E, Kennedy H, Savatier P, Dehay C, Vezoli J. Induced Cognitive Impairments Reversed by Grafts of Neural Precursors: A Longitudinal Study in a Macaque Model of Parkinson's Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103827. [PMID: 35137562 PMCID: PMC8981458 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) evolves over an extended and variable period in humans; years prior to the onset of classical motor symptoms, sleep and biological rhythm disorders develop, significantly impacting the quality-of-life of patients. Circadian-rhythm disorders are accompanied by mild cognitive deficits that progressively worsen with disease progression and can constitute a severe burden for patients at later stages. The gold-standard 6-methyl-1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin (MPTP) macaque model of PD recapitulates the progression of motor and nonmotor symptoms over contracted periods of time. Here, this multidisciplinary/multiparametric study follows, in five animals, the steady progression of motor and nonmotor symptoms and describes their reversal following grafts of neural precursors in diverse functional domains of the basal ganglia. Results show unprecedented recovery from cognitive symptoms in addition to a strong clinical motor recuperation. Both motor and cognitive recovery and partial circadian rhythm recovery correlate with the degree of graft integration, and in a subset of animals, with in vivo levels of striatal dopaminergic innervation and function. The present study provides empirical evidence that integration of neural precursors following transplantation efficiently restores function at multiple levels in parkinsonian nonhuman primates and, given interindividuality of disease progression and recovery, underlines the importance of longitudinal multidisciplinary assessments in view of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Wianny
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- PrimastemBron69500France
| | - Kwamivi Dzahini
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- PrimastemBron69500France
| | - Karim Fifel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- Present address: International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI‐IIIS)University of TsukubaTsukubaIbaraki305‐8575Japan
| | - Charles Robert Eden Wilson
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
| | - Agnieszka Bernat
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- Present address: Laboratory of Molecular DiagnosticsDepartment of BiotechnologyInter‐collegiate Faculty of BiotechnologyUniversity of Gdańsk and Medical University of GdańskGdańsk80‐307Poland
- Present address: Laboratory of Experimental EmbryologyInstitute of Genetics and Animal BiotechnologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw05‐552Poland
| | - Virginie Dolmazon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
| | - Pierre Misery
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
| | - Camille Lamy
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
| | - Pascale Giroud
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
| | - Howard Michael Cooper
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
| | - Kenneth Knoblauch
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- National Centre for OpticsVision and Eye CareFaculty of Health and Social SciencesUniversity College of Southeast NorwayKongsbergN‐3603Norway
| | - Emmanuel Procyk
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
| | - Henry Kennedy
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Primate NeurobiologyShanghai200031China
| | - Pierre Savatier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- PrimastemBron69500France
| | - Colette Dehay
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- PrimastemBron69500France
| | - Julien Vezoli
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck SocietyFrankfurt60528Germany
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Jones-Tabah J, Mohammad H, Paulus EG, Clarke PBS, Hébert TE. The Signaling and Pharmacology of the Dopamine D1 Receptor. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:806618. [PMID: 35110997 PMCID: PMC8801442 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.806618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is a Gαs/olf-coupled GPCR that is expressed in the midbrain and forebrain, regulating motor behavior, reward, motivational states, and cognitive processes. Although the D1R was initially identified as a promising drug target almost 40 years ago, the development of clinically useful ligands has until recently been hampered by a lack of suitable candidate molecules. The emergence of new non-catechol D1R agonists, biased agonists, and allosteric modulators has renewed clinical interest in drugs targeting this receptor, specifically for the treatment of motor impairment in Parkinson's Disease, and cognitive impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders. To develop better therapeutics, advances in ligand chemistry must be matched by an expanded understanding of D1R signaling across cell populations in the brain, and in disease states. Depending on the brain region, the D1R couples primarily to either Gαs or Gαolf through which it activates a cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling cascade that can regulate neuronal excitability, stimulate gene expression, and facilitate synaptic plasticity. However, like many GPCRs, the D1R can signal through multiple downstream pathways, and specific signaling signatures may differ between cell types or be altered in disease. To guide development of improved D1R ligands, it is important to understand how signaling unfolds in specific target cells, and how this signaling affects circuit function and behavior. In this review, we provide a summary of D1R-directed signaling in various neuronal populations and describe how specific pathways have been linked to physiological and behavioral outcomes. In addition, we address the current state of D1R drug development, including the pharmacology of newly developed non-catecholamine ligands, and discuss the potential utility of D1R-agonists in Parkinson's Disease and cognitive impairment.
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Cools R, Arnsten AFT. Neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex cognitive function in primates: the powerful roles of monoamines and acetylcholine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:309-328. [PMID: 34312496 PMCID: PMC8617291 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves our highest order cognitive operations, and yet is tremendously dependent on a precise neurochemical environment for proper functioning. Depletion of noradrenaline and dopamine, or of acetylcholine from the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC), is as devastating as removing the cortex itself, and serotonergic influences are also critical to proper functioning of the orbital and medial PFC. Most neuromodulators have a narrow inverted U dose response, which coordinates arousal state with cognitive state, and contributes to cognitive deficits with fatigue or uncontrollable stress. Studies in monkeys have revealed the molecular signaling mechanisms that govern the generation and modulation of mental representations by the dlPFC, allowing dynamic regulation of network strength, a process that requires tight regulation to prevent toxic actions, e.g., as occurs with advanced age. Brain imaging studies in humans have observed drug and genotype influences on a range of cognitive tasks and on PFC circuit functional connectivity, e.g., showing that catecholamines stabilize representations in a baseline-dependent manner. Research in monkeys has already led to new treatments for cognitive disorders in humans, encouraging future research in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Cools
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Amy F T Arnsten
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Abstract
During evolution, the cerebral cortex advances by increasing in surface and the introduction of new cytoarchitectonic areas among which the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is considered to be the substrate of highest cognitive functions. Although neurons of the PFC are generated before birth, the differentiation of its neurons and development of synaptic connections in humans extend to the 3rd decade of life. During this period, synapses as well as neurotransmitter systems including their receptors and transporters, are initially overproduced followed by selective elimination. Advanced methods applied to human and animal models, enable investigation of the cellular mechanisms and role of specific genes, non-coding regulatory elements and signaling molecules in control of prefrontal neuronal production and phenotypic fate, as well as neuronal migration to establish layering of the PFC. Likewise, various genetic approaches in combination with functional assays and immunohistochemical and imaging methods reveal roles of neurotransmitter systems during maturation of the PFC. Disruption, or even a slight slowing of the rate of neuronal production, migration and synaptogenesis by genetic or environmental factors, can induce gross as well as subtle changes that eventually can lead to cognitive impairment. An understanding of the development and evolution of the PFC provide insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of congenital neuropsychiatric diseases as well as idiopathic developmental disorders that cause intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Kolk
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour and Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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Moore TL, Young DA, Killiany RJ, Fonseca KR, Volfson D, Gray DL, Balice-Gordon R, Kozak R. The Effects of a Novel Non-catechol Dopamine Partial Agonist on Working Memory in the Aged Rhesus Monkey. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:757850. [PMID: 34899271 PMCID: PMC8662559 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.757850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aged-related declines in cognition, especially working memory and executive function, begin in middle-age and these abilities are known to be mediated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and more specifically the dopamine (DA) system within the PFC. In both humans and monkeys, there is significant evidence that the PFC is the first cortical region to change with age and the PFC appears to be particularly vulnerable to age-related loss of dopamine (DA). Therefore, the DA system is a strong candidate for therapeutic intervention to slow or reverse age related declines in cognition. In the present study, we administered a novel selective, potent, non-catechol DA D1 R agonist PF-6294 (Pfizer, Inc.) to aged female rhesus monkeys and assessed their performance on two benchmark tasks of working memory - the Delayed Non-match to Sample Task (DNMS) and Delayed Recognition Span Task (DRST). The DNMS task was administered first with the standard 10 s delay and then with 5 min delays, with and without distractors. The DRST was administered each day with four trials with unique sequences and one trial of a repeated sequence to assess evidence learning and retention. Overall, there was no significant effect of drug on performance on any aspect of the DNMS task. In contrast, we demonstrated that a middle range dose of PF-6294 significantly increased memory span on the DRST on the first and last days of testing and by the last day of testing the increased memory span was driven by the performance on the repeated trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Damon A Young
- Internal Medicine Research Unit Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ronald J Killiany
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kari R Fonseca
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Dmitri Volfson
- Internal Medicine Research Unit Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - David L Gray
- Internal Medicine Research Unit Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Rita Balice-Gordon
- Internal Medicine Research Unit Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Rouba Kozak
- Internal Medicine Research Unit Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
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35
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Furman DJ, Pappas I, White RL, Kayser AS, D'Esposito M. Enhancing dopamine tone modulates global and local cortical perfusion as a function of COMT val158met genotype. Neuroimage 2021; 242:118472. [PMID: 34390874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cognitive effects of pharmacologically enhancing cortical dopamine (DA) tone are variable across healthy human adults. It has been postulated that individual differences in drug responses are linked to baseline cortical DA activity according to an inverted-U-shaped function. To better understand the effect of divergent starting points along this curve on DA drug responses, researchers have leveraged a common polymorphism (rs4680) in the gene encoding the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) that gives rise to greater (Met allele) or lesser (Val allele) extracellular levels of cortical DA. Here we examined the extent to which changes in resting cortical perfusion following the administration of two mechanistically-distinct dopaminergic drugs vary by COMT genotype, and thereby track predictions of the inverted-U model. Using arterial spin labeling (ASL) and a double-blind, within-subject design, perfusion was measured in 75 healthy, genotyped participants once each after administration of tolcapone (a COMT inhibitor), bromocriptine (a DA D2/3 agonist), and placebo. COMT genotype and drug interacted such that COMT Val homozygotes exhibited increased prefusion in response to both drugs, whereas Met homozygotes did not. Additionally, tolcapone-related perfusion changes in the right inferior frontal gyrus correlated with altered performance on a task of executive function. No comparable effects were found for a genetic polymorphism (rs1800497) affecting striatal DA system function. Together, these results indicate that both the directionality and magnitude of drug-induced perfusion change provide meaningful information about individual differences in response to enhanced cortical DA tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella J Furman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States.
| | - Ioannis Pappas
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; Division of Neurology, VA Northern California Health Care System, United States.
| | - Robert L White
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew S Kayser
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; Division of Neurology, VA Northern California Health Care System, United States
| | - Mark D'Esposito
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; Division of Neurology, VA Northern California Health Care System, United States
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Abstract
Visual processing is dynamically controlled by multiple neuromodulatory molecules that modify the responsiveness of neurons and the strength of the connections between them. In particular, modulatory control of processing in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, V1, and V2 will alter the outcome of all subsequent processing of visual information, including the extent to and manner in which individual inputs contribute to perception and decision making and are stored in memory. This review addresses five small-molecule neuromodulators-acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, and histamine-considering the structural basis for their action, and the effects of their release, in the early visual pathway of the macaque monkey. Traditionally, neuromodulators are studied in isolation and in discrete circuits; this review makes a case for considering the joint action of modulatory molecules and differences in modulatory effects across brain areas as a better means of understanding the diverse roles that these molecules serve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita A Disney
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA;
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Chellasamy G, Ankireddy SR, Lee KN, Govindaraju S, Yun K. Smartphone-integrated colorimetric sensor array-based reader system and fluorometric detection of dopamine in male and female geriatric plasma by bluish-green fluorescent carbon quantum dots. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100168. [PMID: 34877521 PMCID: PMC8628042 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, cost-effective system was developed for dopamine (DA) detection using green synthesized 1-6 nm honey-based carbon quantum dots (H-CQDs) exhibiting bluish green fluorescence. The H-CQDs exhibited emission at 445 nm, with a quantum yield of ∼44%. The H-CQDs were used as a probe for electron transfer based DA detection and changes in H-CQD color in the presence of DA. The H-CQDs were formed with polar functional groups and were highly soluble in aqueous media. In the fluorometric mode, the proposed system demonstrated high specificity toward DA and effective limit of detection (LOD) values of 6, 8.5, and 8 nM in deionized (DI) water, male geriatric plasma, and female geriatric plasma, respectively, in the linear range 100 nM-1000 μM. In the colorimetric mode, the color changed within 5 min, and the LOD was 163 μM. A colorimetric sensor array system was used to precisely detect DA with a smartphone-integrated platform using an in house built imaging application and an analyzer app. Additionally, no additives were required, and the H-CQDs were not functionalized. More importantly, the H-CQDs were morphologically and analytically characterized before and after DA detection. Because the sensor array-based system allows high specificity DA detection in both DI water and geriatric plasma, it will play an important role in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Chellasamy
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seshadri Reddy Ankireddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Dr. Buddolla's Institute of Life Sciences, Tirupathi, 517503, India
| | - Kook-Nyung Lee
- IVD Device Research Institute, Wizbiosolutions, Inc., Gyeonggi-do, 13209, Republic of Korea
| | - Saravanan Govindaraju
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusik Yun
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
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Axelsson SFA, Horst NK, Horiguchi N, Roberts AC, Robbins TW. Flexible versus Fixed Spatial Self-Ordered Response Sequencing: Effects of Inactivation and Neurochemical Modulation of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7246-7258. [PMID: 34261701 PMCID: PMC8387118 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0227-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, studies using human neuroimaging and excitotoxic lesions in non-human primate have demonstrated an important role of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) in higher order cognitive functions such as cognitive flexibility and the planning of behavioral sequences. In the present experiments, we tested effects on performance of temporary inactivation (using GABA receptor agonists) and dopamine (DA) D2 and 5-HT2A-receptor (R) blockade of vlPFC via local intracerebral infusions in the marmoset. We trained common marmosets to perform spatial self-ordered sequencing tasks in which one cohort of animals performed two and three response sequences on a continuously varying spatial array of response options on a touch-sensitive screen. Inactivation of vlPFC produced a marked disruption of accuracy of sequencing which also exhibited significant error perseveration. There were somewhat contrasting effects of D2 and 5-HT2A-R blockade, with the former producing error perseveration on incorrect trials, though not significantly impairing accuracy overall, and the latter significantly impairing accuracy but not error perseveration. A second cohort of marmosets were directly compared on performance of fixed versus variable spatial arrays. Inactivation of vlPFC again impaired self-ordered sequencing, but only with varying, and not fixed spatial arrays, the latter leading to the consistent use of fewer, preferred sequences. These findings add to evidence that vlPFC is implicated in goal-directed behavior that requires higher-order response heuristics that can be applied flexibly over different (variable), as compared with fixed stimulus exemplars. They also show that dopaminergic and serotonergic chemomodulation has distinctive effects on such performance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This investigation employing local intracerebral infusions to inactivate the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the New World marmoset reveals the important role of this region in self-ordered response sequencing in variable but not fixed spatial arrays. These novel findings emphasize the higher order functions of this region, contributing to cognitive flexibility and planning of goal directed behavior. The investigation also reports for the first time somewhat contrasting neuromodulatory deficits produced by infusions of dopamine (DA) D2 and 5-HT2A receptor (R) antagonists into the same region, of possible significance for understanding cognitive deficits produced by anti-psychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F A Axelsson
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - N K Horst
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Naotaka Horiguchi
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - A C Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - T W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
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39
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Arnsten AFT, Datta D, Wang M. The genie in the bottle-magnified calcium signaling in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3684-3700. [PMID: 33319854 PMCID: PMC8203737 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in the association cortices are particularly vulnerable in cognitive disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, while those in primary visual cortex remain relatively resilient. This review proposes that the special molecular mechanisms needed for higher cognitive operations confer vulnerability to dysfunction, atrophy, and neurodegeneration when regulation is lost due to genetic and/or environmental insults. Accumulating data suggest that higher cortical circuits rely on magnified levels of calcium (from NMDAR, calcium channels, and/or internal release from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum) near the postsynaptic density to promote the persistent firing needed to maintain, manipulate, and store information without "bottom-up" sensory stimulation. For example, dendritic spines in the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) express the molecular machinery for feedforward, cAMP-PKA-calcium signaling. PKA can drive internal calcium release and promote calcium flow through NMDAR and calcium channels, while in turn, calcium activates adenylyl cyclases to produce more cAMP-PKA signaling. Excessive levels of cAMP-calcium signaling can have a number of detrimental effects: for example, opening nearby K+ channels to weaken synaptic efficacy and reduce neuronal firing, and over a longer timeframe, driving calcium overload of mitochondria to induce inflammation and dendritic atrophy. Thus, calcium-cAMP signaling must be tightly regulated, e.g., by agents that catabolize cAMP or inhibit its production (PDE4, mGluR3), and by proteins that bind calcium in the cytosol (calbindin). Many genetic or inflammatory insults early in life weaken the regulation of calcium-cAMP signaling and are associated with increased risk of schizophrenia (e.g., GRM3). Age-related loss of regulatory proteins which result in elevated calcium-cAMP signaling over a long lifespan can additionally drive tau phosphorylation, amyloid pathology, and neurodegeneration, especially when protective calcium binding proteins are lost from the cytosol. Thus, the "genie" we need for our remarkable cognitive abilities may make us vulnerable to cognitive disorders when we lose essential regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy F T Arnsten
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Dibyadeep Datta
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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40
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Working memory, cortical dopamine tone, and frontoparietal brain recruitment in post-traumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:389. [PMID: 34253715 PMCID: PMC8275779 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) leads to impairments in both cognitive and affective functioning. Animal work suggests that chronic stress reduces dopamine tone, and both animal and human studies argue that changes in dopamine tone influence working memory, a core executive function. These findings give rise to the hypothesis that increasing cortical dopamine tone in individuals with greater PTSD symptomatology should improve working memory performance. In this pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, 30 US military veterans exhibiting a range of PTSD severity completed an emotional working memory task. Each subject received both placebo and the catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitor tolcapone, which increases cortical dopamine tone, in randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced fashion. Mnemonic discriminability (calculated with d', an index of the detectability of working memory signals) and response bias were evaluated in the context of task-related brain activations. Subjects with more severe PTSD showed both greater tolcapone-mediated improvements in d' and larger tolcapone-mediated reductions in liberally-biased responding for fearful stimuli. FMRI revealed that tolcapone augmented activity within bilateral frontoparietal control regions during the decision phase of the task. Specifically, tolcapone increased cortical responses to fearful relative to neutral stimuli in higher severity PTSD subjects, and reduced cortical responses to fearful stimuli for lower severity PTSD subjects. Moreover, tolcapone modulated prefrontal connectivity with areas overlapping the default mode network. These findings suggest that enhancing cortical dopamine tone may represent an approach to remediating cognitive and affective dysfunction in individuals with more severe PTSD symptoms.
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Investigating interactive effects of worry and the catechol-o-methyltransferase gene (COMT) on working memory performance. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:1153-1163. [PMID: 34173216 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Extant research indicates that worry is associated with reduced working memory. It remains unclear, however, what mechanisms contribute to impaired performance in worriers. Critically, dopamine in the prefrontal cortex heavily influences the stability of mental representations during working memory tasks, yet no research has probed its role in associations between worry and working memory. To address this gap, the current study was designed to examine the moderating role of dopamine on the association between worry and working memory, using the catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) gene as a proxy for basal levels of dopamine. Across four assessments, we examined within- and between-person variation in worry and its interactive effects with COMT to predict working memory performance. Within-person variation in worry interacted with COMT to predict accuracy, such that higher worry across time predicted less accuracy for homozygous Val carriers but not Met carriers. Our findings demonstrate that basal dopamine plays an important role in how increases in worry across time for an individual negatively impact working memory performance.
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McCarthy CI, Chou-Freed C, Rodríguez SS, Yaneff A, Davio C, Raingo J. Constitutive activity of dopamine receptor type 1 (D1R) increases CaV2.2 currents in PFC neurons. J Gen Physiol 2021; 152:151624. [PMID: 32259196 PMCID: PMC7201881 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in dopamine receptor type 1 (D1R) density are associated with cognitive deficits of aging and schizophrenia. In the prefrontal cortex (PFC), D1R plays a critical role in the regulation of working memory, which is impaired in these cognitive deficit states, but the cellular events triggered by changes in D1R expression remain unknown. A previous report demonstrated that interaction between voltage-gated calcium channel type 2.2 (CaV2.2) and D1R stimulates CaV2.2 postsynaptic surface location in medial PFC pyramidal neurons. Here, we show that in addition to the occurrence of the physical receptor-channel interaction, constitutive D1R activity mediates up-regulation of functional CaV2.2 surface density. We performed patch-clamp experiments on transfected HEK293T cells and wild-type C57BL/6 mouse brain slices, as well as imaging experiments and cAMP measurements. We found that D1R coexpression led to ∼60% increase in CaV2.2 currents in HEK293T cells. This effect was occluded by preincubation with a D1/D5R inverse agonist, chlorpromazine, and by replacing D1R with a D1R mutant lacking constitutive activity. Moreover, D1R-induced increase in CaV2.2 currents required basally active Gs protein, as well as D1R-CaV2.2 interaction. In mice, intraperitoneal administration of chlorpromazine reduced native CaV currents’ sensitivity to ω-conotoxin-GVIA and their size by ∼49% in layer V/VI pyramidal neurons from medial PFC, indicating a selective effect on CaV2.2. Additionally, we found that reducing D1/D5R constitutive activity correlates with a decrease in the agonist-induced D1/D5R inhibitory effect on native CaV currents. Our results could be interpreted as a stimulatory effect of D1R constitutive activity on the number of CaV2.2 channels available for dopamine-mediated modulation. Our results contribute to the understanding of the physiological role of D1R constitutive activity and may explain the noncanonical postsynaptic distribution of functional CaV2.2 in PFC neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Inés McCarthy
- Electrophysiology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Comisión de Investigaciones de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cambria Chou-Freed
- Electrophysiology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Comisión de Investigaciones de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Susana Rodríguez
- Electrophysiology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Comisión de Investigaciones de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Yaneff
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Davio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Electrophysiology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Comisión de Investigaciones de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Roles of the Functional Interaction between Brain Cholinergic and Dopaminergic Systems in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Schizophrenia and Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094299. [PMID: 33919025 PMCID: PMC8122651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most physiologic processes in the brain and related diseases involve more than one neurotransmitter system. Thus, elucidation of the interaction between different neurotransmitter systems could allow for better therapeutic approaches to the treatments of related diseases. Dopaminergic (DAergic) and cholinergic neurotransmitter system regulate various brain functions that include cognition, movement, emotion, etc. This review focuses on the interaction between the brain DAergic and cholinergic systems with respect to the pathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease (PD). We first discussed the selection of motor plans at the level of basal ganglia, the major DAergic and cholinergic pathways in the brain, and the receptor subtypes involved in the interaction between the two signaling systems. Next, the roles of each signaling system were discussed in the context of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, with a focus on the α7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor and the dopamine D1 receptor in the prefrontal cortex. In addition, the roles of the nicotinic and dopamine receptors were discussed in the context of regulation of striatal cholinergic interneurons, which play crucial roles in the degeneration of nigrostriatal DAergic neurons and the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in PD patients. Finally, we discussed the general mechanisms of nicotine-induced protection of DAergic neurons.
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Rolls ET. Attractor cortical neurodynamics, schizophrenia, and depression. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:215. [PMID: 33846293 PMCID: PMC8041760 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The local recurrent collateral connections between cortical neurons provide a basis for attractor neural networks for memory, attention, decision-making, and thereby for many aspects of human behavior. In schizophrenia, a reduction of the firing rates of cortical neurons, caused for example by reduced NMDA receptor function or reduced spines on neurons, can lead to instability of the high firing rate attractor states that normally implement short-term memory and attention in the prefrontal cortex, contributing to the cognitive symptoms. Reduced NMDA receptor function in the orbitofrontal cortex by reducing firing rates may produce negative symptoms, by reducing reward, motivation, and emotion. Reduced functional connectivity between some brain regions increases the temporal variability of the functional connectivity, contributing to the reduced stability and more loosely associative thoughts. Further, the forward projections have decreased functional connectivity relative to the back projections in schizophrenia, and this may reduce the effects of external bottom-up inputs from the world relative to internal top-down thought processes. Reduced cortical inhibition, caused by a reduction of GABA neurotransmission, can lead to instability of the spontaneous firing states of cortical networks, leading to a noise-induced jump to a high firing rate attractor state even in the absence of external inputs, contributing to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. In depression, the lateral orbitofrontal cortex non-reward attractor network system is over-connected and has increased sensitivity to non-reward, providing a new approach to understanding depression. This is complemented by under-sensitivity and under-connectedness of the medial orbitofrontal cortex reward system in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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45
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Costanzi M, Cianfanelli B, Santirocchi A, Lasaponara S, Spataro P, Rossi-Arnaud C, Cestari V. Forgetting Unwanted Memories: Active Forgetting and Implications for the Development of Psychological Disorders. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040241. [PMID: 33810436 PMCID: PMC8066077 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrusive memories are a common feature of many psychopathologies, and suppression-induced forgetting of unwanted memories appears as a critical ability to preserve mental health. In recent years, biological and cognitive studies converged in revealing that forgetting is due to active processes. Recent neurobiological studies provide evidence on the active role of main neurotransmitter systems in forgetting, suggesting that the brain actively works to suppress retrieval of unwanted memories. On the cognitive side, there is evidence that voluntary and involuntary processes (here termed "intentional" and "incidental" forgetting, respectively) contribute to active forgetting. In intentional forgetting, an inhibitory control mechanism suppresses awareness of unwanted memories at encoding or retrieval. In incidental forgetting, retrieval practice of some memories involuntarily suppresses the retrieval of other related memories. In this review we describe recent findings on deficits in active forgetting observed in psychopathologies, like post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Moreover, we report studies in which the role of neurotransmitter systems, known to be involved in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, has been investigated in active forgetting paradigms. The possibility that biological and cognitive mechanisms of active forgetting could be considered as hallmarks of the early onset of psychopathologies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Costanzi
- Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University, 00193 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Beatrice Cianfanelli
- Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University, 00193 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Alessandro Santirocchi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (C.R.-A.); (V.C.)
| | - Stefano Lasaponara
- Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University, 00193 Rome, Italy; (B.C.); (S.L.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (C.R.-A.); (V.C.)
| | - Pietro Spataro
- Department of Economy, Universitas Mercatorum, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Clelia Rossi-Arnaud
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (C.R.-A.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Cestari
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (C.R.-A.); (V.C.)
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Wang J, John Y, Barbas H. Pathways for Contextual Memory: The Primate Hippocampal Pathway to Anterior Cingulate Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:1807-1826. [PMID: 33207365 PMCID: PMC7869091 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is one of the few prefrontal areas that receives robust direct hippocampal terminations. This pathway may enable current context and past experience to influence goal-directed actions and emotional regulation by prefrontal cortices. We investigated the still ill-understood organization of the pathway from anterior hippocampus to ACC (A24a, A25, A32) to identify laminar termination patterns and their postsynaptic excitatory and inhibitory targets from system to synapse in rhesus monkeys. The densest hippocampal terminations targeted posterior A25, a region that is involved in affective and autonomic regulation. Hippocampal terminations innervated mostly excitatory neurons (~90%), suggesting strong excitatory effects. Among the smaller fraction of inhibitory targets, hippocampal terminations in A25 preferentially innervated calretinin neurons, a pattern that differs markedly from rodents. Further, hippocampal terminations innervated spines with D1 receptors, particularly in the deep layers of A25, where D1 receptors are enriched in comparison with the upper layers. The proximity of hippocampal terminations to D1 receptors may enable dopamine to enhance information transfer from the hippocampus to A25 and contribute to dopaminergic influence downstream on goal-directed action and emotional control by prefrontal cortices, in processes that may be disrupted by excessive dopamine release during uncontrollable stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- Department of Health Sciences, Neural Systems Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yohan John
- Department of Health Sciences, Neural Systems Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Helen Barbas
- Department of Health Sciences, Neural Systems Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University and School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Bojesen KB, Broberg BV, Fagerlund B, Jessen K, Thomas MB, Sigvard A, Tangmose K, Nielsen MØ, Andersen GS, Larsson HBW, Edden RA, Rostrup E, Glenthøj BY. Associations Between Cognitive Function and Levels of Glutamatergic Metabolites and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Antipsychotic-Naïve Patients With Schizophrenia or Psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:278-287. [PMID: 32928500 PMCID: PMC9683086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal glutamate and GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) levels have been found in the early phase of schizophrenia and may underlie cognitive deficits. However, the association between cognitive function and levels of glutamatergic metabolites and GABA has not been investigated in a large group of antipsychotic-naïve patients. METHODS In total, 56 antipsychotic-naïve patients with schizophrenia or psychotic disorder and 51 healthy control subjects underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure glutamate, glutamate+glutamine (Glx), and GABA levels in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and glutamate and Glx levels in left thalamus. The cognitive domains of attention, working memory, and IQ were assessed. RESULTS The whole group of antipsychotic-naïve patients had lower levels of GABA in dorsal ACC (p = .03), and the subgroup of patients with a schizophrenia diagnosis had higher glutamate levels in thalamus (p = .01), but Glx levels in dorsal ACC and thalamus did not differ between groups. Glx levels in dorsal ACC were positively associated with working memory (logarithmically transformed: b = -.016 [higher score indicates worse performance], p = .005) and attention (b = .056, p = .035) in both patients and healthy control subjects, although the association with attention did not survive adjustment for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest a positive association between glutamatergic metabolites and cognitive function that do not differ between patients and healthy control subjects. Moreover, our data indicate that decreased GABAergic levels in dorsal ACC are involved in schizophrenia and psychotic disorder, whereas increased glutamate levels in thalamus seem to be implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology. The findings imply that first-episode patients with cognitive deficits may gain from glutamate-modulating compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Borup Bojesen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Brian Villumsen Broberg
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, and Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kasper Jessen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Marie Bjerregaard Thomas
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anne Sigvard
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Karen Tangmose
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Mette Ødegaard Nielsen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Gitte Saltoft Andersen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bo Wiberg Larsson
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Richard A.E. Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Birte Yding Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
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48
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Jalloh K, Roeder N, Hamilton J, Delis F, Hadjiargyrou M, Komatsu D, Thanos PK. Chronic oral methylphenidate treatment in adolescent rats promotes dose-dependent effects on NMDA receptor binding. Life Sci 2021; 264:118708. [PMID: 33186568 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Examine the effects of chronic oral Methylphenidate (MP) treatment on the N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) glutamate receptor binding in the rat brain using a previously established drinking paradigm that has been shown to deliver MP with similar pharmacokinetic profile as observed clinically. MAIN METHODS Briefly, rats were divided into three treatment groups of water, low dose MP (LD; 4/10 mg/kg), or high dose MP (HD; 30/60 mg/kg). Following a 3-month treatment period, some rats were sacrificed while others went through an additional 1-month abstinence period before they were sacrificed. In vitro autoradiography (ARG) was carried out using [3H] MK801 to examine NMDA receptor binding in the brain. KEY FINDINGS The dose-dependent effects of MP following 13 weeks of treatment on [3H] MK-801 binding were seen across the brain in the following regions: prelimbic, insular, secondary motor, primary motor, retrosplenial, rhinal, piriform, auditory, visual, dorsolateral striatum, nucleus accumbens core, hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamic regions. No differences were observed in [3H] MK-801 binding levels in animals that underwent the same treatment followed by a 4 week abstinence. SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate that chronic MP treatment altered NMDA receptor expression throughout the brain, which in turn may impact an individual's drug-seeking behavior, fear memory formation and overall activity. However, these effects of chronic MP were eliminated following cessation of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Jalloh
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Roeder
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Foteini Delis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - David Komatsu
- Department of Orthopedics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Cavanagh SE, Hunt LT, Kennerley SW. A Diversity of Intrinsic Timescales Underlie Neural Computations. Front Neural Circuits 2020; 14:615626. [PMID: 33408616 PMCID: PMC7779632 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.615626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural processing occurs across a range of temporal scales. To facilitate this, the brain uses fast-changing representations reflecting momentary sensory input alongside more temporally extended representations, which integrate across both short and long temporal windows. The temporal flexibility of these representations allows animals to behave adaptively. Short temporal windows facilitate adaptive responding in dynamic environments, while longer temporal windows promote the gradual integration of information across time. In the cognitive and motor domains, the brain sets overarching goals to be achieved within a long temporal window, which must be broken down into sequences of actions and precise movement control processed across much shorter temporal windows. Previous human neuroimaging studies and large-scale artificial network models have ascribed different processing timescales to different cortical regions, linking this to each region's position in an anatomical hierarchy determined by patterns of inter-regional connectivity. However, even within cortical regions, there is variability in responses when studied with single-neuron electrophysiology. Here, we review a series of recent electrophysiology experiments that demonstrate the heterogeneity of temporal receptive fields at the level of single neurons within a cortical region. This heterogeneity appears functionally relevant for the computations that neurons perform during decision-making and working memory. We consider anatomical and biophysical mechanisms that may give rise to a heterogeneity of timescales, including recurrent connectivity, cortical layer distribution, and neurotransmitter receptor expression. Finally, we reflect on the computational relevance of each brain region possessing a heterogeneity of neuronal timescales. We argue that this architecture is of particular importance for sensory, motor, and cognitive computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E. Cavanagh
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence T. Hunt
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Max Planck-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Aging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Steven W. Kennerley
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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A bibenzyl compound 20C protects rats against 6-OHDA-induced damage by regulating adaptive immunity associated molecules. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 91:107269. [PMID: 33340781 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with complicated pathogenesis. A novel bibenzyl compound 2-[4-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzyl]-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenol (20C) has been shown to have some neuroprotective effects, and its mechanism still needs further research. In this study, we used a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD rat model to evaluate the protective effect of 20C. Our study found that 20C could improve behavioral defects in 6-OHDA-lesion rats, decrease neuroinflammation and protect their DA neurons. It could inhibit the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by 6-OHDA, and lead to a decrease in the expression of nitrated-α-synuclein. When exposed to AMT-an inhibitor of iNOS, the nitrated-α-synuclein in PC12 decreased, and 20C demonstrated the same function on nitrated-α-synuclein as AMT. Besides, we also found that nitrated-α-synuclein was displayed in microglia. And 20C could decrease the expression of antigen-presenting molecule major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) in dopamine (DA) neurons and MHC II in microglia induced by 6-OHDA. So, these imply that nitrated-α-synuclein might act as an endogenous antigen activating adaptive immunity, and the neuroprotection of 20C might be associated with inhibiting the activity of iNOS, decreasing the expression of the antigen molecule nitrated-α-synuclein and the antigen presenting molecule MHC. Our results indicated that inhibiting iNOS might be an effective strategy to protect neurons from oxidative stress.
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