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Tian Y, Peng XR, Tang Z, Long Z, Xie C, Lei X. Enhanced diversity on connector hubs following sleep deprivation: Evidence from diffusion and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2024; 299:120837. [PMID: 39241898 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation has been demonstrated to exert widespread and intricate impacts on the brain network. The human brain network is a modular network composed of interconnected nodes. This network consists of provincial hubs and connector hubs, with provincial hubs having diverse connectivities within their own modules, while connector hubs distribute their connectivities across different modules. The latter is crucial for integrating information from various modules and ensuring the normal functioning of the modular brain. However, there has been a lack of systematic investigation into the impact of sleep deprivation on brain connector hubs. In this study, we utilized functional connectivity from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, as well as structural connectivity from diffusion-weighted imaging, to systematically explore the variation of connector hub properties in the cerebral cortex after one night of sleep deprivation. The normalized participation coefficients (PCnorm) were utilized to identify connector hubs. In both the functional and structural networks, connector hubs exhibited a significant increase in average PCnorm, indicating the diversity enhancement of the connector hub following sleep deprivation. This enhancement is associated with increased network cost, reduced modularity, and decreased small-worldness, but enhanced global efficiency. This may potentially signify a compensatory mechanism within the brain following sleep deprivation. The significantly affected connector hubs were primarily observed in both the Control Network and Salience Network. We believe that the observed results reflect the increasing demand on the brain to invest more effort at preventing performance deterioration after sleep loss, in exchange for increased communication efficiency, especially involving systems responsible for neural resource allocation and cognitive control. These results have been replicated in an independent dataset. In conclusion, this study has enhanced our understanding of the compensatory mechanism in the brain response to sleep deprivation. This compensation is characterized by an enhancement in the connector hubs responsible for inter-modular communication, especially those related to neural resource and cognitive control. As a result, this compensation comes with a higher network cost but leads to an improvement in global communication efficiency, akin to a more random-like network manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tian
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xue-Rui Peng
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zihan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiliang Long
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Chongqing 400715, China.
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Richdale AL, Shui AM, Lampinen LA, Katz T. Sleep disturbance and other co-occurring conditions in autistic children: A network approach to understanding their inter-relationships. Autism Res 2024. [PMID: 39304970 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Autistic children frequently have one or more co-occurring psychological, behavioral, or medical conditions. We examined relationships between child behaviors, sleep, adaptive behavior, autistic traits, mental health conditions, and health in autistic children using network analysis. Network analysis is hypothesis generating and can inform our understanding of relationships between multiple conditions and behaviors, directing the development of transdiagnostic treatments for co-occurring conditions. Participants were two child cohorts from the Autism Treatment Network registry: ages 2-5 years (n = 2372) and 6-17 years (n = 1553). Least absolute-shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regularized partial correlation network analysis was performed in the 2-5 years cohort (35 items) and the 6-17 years cohort (36 items). The Spinglass algorithm determined communities within each network. Two-step expected influence (EI2) determined the importance of network variables. The most influential network items were sleep difficulties (2 items) and aggressive behaviors for young children and aggressive behaviors, social problems, and anxious/depressed behavior for older children. Five communities were found for younger children and seven for older children. Of the top three most important bridge variables, night-waking/parasomnias and anxious/depressed behavior were in both age-groups, and somatic complaints and sleep initiation/duration were in younger and older cohorts respectively. Despite cohort differences, sleep disturbances were prominent in all networks, indicating they are a transdiagnostic feature across many clinical conditions, and thus a target for intervention and monitoring. Aggressive behavior was influential in the partial correlation networks, indicating a potential red flag for clinical monitoring. Other items of strong network importance may also be intervention targets or screening flags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Richdale
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy M Shui
- Department Epidemiology & Biostatistics, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linnea A Lampinen
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Terry Katz
- Developmental Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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McHugh SB, Lopes-Dos-Santos V, Castelli M, Gava GP, Thompson SE, Tam SKE, Hartwich K, Perry B, Toth R, Denison T, Sharott A, Dupret D. Offline hippocampal reactivation during dentate spikes supports flexible memory. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00646-9. [PMID: 39321790 PMCID: PMC7616703 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Stabilizing new memories requires coordinated neuronal spiking activity during sleep. Hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) in the cornu ammonis (CA) region and dentate spikes (DSs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) are prime candidate network events for supporting this offline process. SWRs have been studied extensively, but the contribution of DSs remains unclear. By combining triple-ensemble (DG-CA3-CA1) recordings and closed-loop optogenetics in mice, we show that, like SWRs, DSs synchronize spiking across DG and CA principal cells to reactivate population-level patterns of neuronal coactivity expressed during prior waking experience. Notably, the population coactivity structure in DSs is more diverse and higher dimensional than that seen during SWRs. Importantly, suppressing DG granule cell spiking selectively during DSs impairs subsequent flexible memory performance during multi-object recognition tasks and associated hippocampal patterns of neuronal coactivity. We conclude that DSs constitute a second offline network event central to hippocampal population dynamics serving memory-guided behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B McHugh
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK.
| | - Vítor Lopes-Dos-Santos
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Manfredi Castelli
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Giuseppe P Gava
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Sophie E Thompson
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Shu K E Tam
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Katja Hartwich
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Brook Perry
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Robert Toth
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Timothy Denison
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - Andrew Sharott
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK
| | - David Dupret
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK.
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Orchard ER, Rutherford HJV. Birthing a new maternal cognition literature: 10 recommendations for future research. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024:10.1007/s00737-024-01514-5. [PMID: 39264403 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Whilst the field of maternal cognition is gaining interest, with a recent increase in publications, there are still only a handful of existing studies. This presents a unique opportunity for reflection and growth, advancing scientific rigor to ensure that future interpretations of maternal cognitive functioning are based on robust, generalizable data. With this in mind, we offer ten recommendations for future cognitive research in motherhood, with a focus on intentional study design. A study's design dictates the questions that can be asked, and the answers that can be gleaned from collected data, making study design a cornerstone of robust and reproducible science. These recommendations are intended as a resource for study conceptualization and design, participant recruitment, result interpretation, and peer review.
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Mohammed MA, Abdalkhalig EM, Ali IA, Hassan SS, Osman H. Pattern of sleep disorders among children with autism spectrum disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:539. [PMID: 39080546 PMCID: PMC11289913 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders (SDs) are among many co-morbid medical conditions that affect children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Raising awareness and improving the standard of care for children diagnosed with ASD may result from identifying SDs among them. This study aims to evaluate patterns of SDs among Sudanese children diagnosed with ASD. METHOD Using the Childhood Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) to gather data on sleep disorders and SPSS version 26.0 for data analysis, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the five main autistic centres in Khartoum state covering all registered patients with ASD between April and June 2022. Ninety-two children diagnosed with ASD were enrolled in this study after the purpose of the research was explained and consent was obtained from their guardians. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS The mean age was 6.90 (± 2.6) years with a boys-to-girls ratio of 2.17:1. The prevalence of SDs (at least one sleep condition almost daily) was 95.65%. Sleep onset 71 (77.2%), limit setting 32 (32.6%), resistant onset to sleep 48 (52.2%), and combined 52 (56.5%) insomnia affected the majority of children. Additionally, there were significant associations between sex and Limit-setting insomnia, advanced sleep phase disorder, and narcolepsy type 2 (P values = 0.033, 0.009, and 0.037, respectively). Additionally, there was a significant association between age and sleep-related breathing disorders-snoring (p value = 0.031). CONCLUSION The frequency of SDs is significant among children diagnosed with ASD from Sudan, and certain SDs are associated with age and sex. Subsequent studies are required to develop national guidelines for the prevalence, presentation, screening, and treatment of SDs in children diagnosed with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaath Ahmed Mohammed
- Pediatric Council, Sudan Medical Specialization Board, Khartoum, Sudan.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, ibnsina University, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | | | - Ibrahim Abdelrhim Ali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Hayat Osman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
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Kafashan M, Gupte G, Kang P, Hyche O, Luong AH, Prateek GV, Ju YES, Palanca BJA. A personalized semi-automatic sleep spindle detection (PSASD) framework. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 407:110064. [PMID: 38301832 PMCID: PMC11219251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep spindles are distinct electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns of brain activity that have been posited to play a critical role in development, learning, and neurological disorders. Manual scoring for sleep spindles is labor-intensive and tedious but could supplement automated algorithms to resolve challenges posed with either approaches alone. NEW METHODS A Personalized Semi-Automatic Sleep Spindle Detection (PSASD) framework was developed to combine the strength of automated detection algorithms and visual expertise of human scorers. The underlying model in the PSASD framework assumes a generative model for EEG sleep spindles as oscillatory components, optimized to EEG amplitude, with remaining signals distributed into transient and low-frequency components. RESULTS A single graphical user interface (GUI) allows both manual scoring of sleep spindles (model training data) and verification of automatically detected spindles. A grid search approach allows optimization of parameters to balance tradeoffs between precision and recall measures. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS PSASD outperformed DETOKS in F1-score by 19% and 4% on the DREAMS and P-DROWS-E datasets, respectively. It also outperformed YASA in F1-score by 25% in the P-DROWS-E dataset. Further benchmarking analysis showed that PSASD outperformed four additional widely used sleep spindle detectors in F1-score in the P-DROWS-E dataset. Titration analysis revealed that four 30-second epochs are sufficient to fine-tune the model parameters of PSASD. Associations of frequency, duration, and amplitude of detected sleep spindles matched those previously reported with automated approaches. CONCLUSIONS Overall, PSASD improves detection of sleep spindles in EEG data acquired from both younger healthy and older adult patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- MohammadMehdi Kafashan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Gaurang Gupte
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Orlandrea Hyche
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anhthi H Luong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - G V Prateek
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yo-El S Ju
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ben Julian A Palanca
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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He H, Li M, Qiu Y, Wu Z, Wu L. Washed microbiota transplantation improves sleep quality in patients with sleep disorder by the gut-brain axis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1415167. [PMID: 38979127 PMCID: PMC11228149 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1415167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical impact of washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) from healthy donors in sleep disorder (SD) patients is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of WMT in SD patients. Methods The clinical data were collected from patients with different indications receiving 1-3 courses of WMT, divided into two groups by 7 points of PSQI scale. The score of PQSI and SF-36 scale was used to assess the improvement in sleep quality and life quality among patients with sleep disorders following WMT. Finally, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed on fecal samples of patients with sleep disorders before and after WMT. Results WMT significantly improved sleep quality in patients with sleep disorder in the short and medium term. WMT significantly improved sleep latency, sleep time and total score in the short term. WMT significantly improved sleep quality and total score in the medium term. In terms of sleep quality and sleep latency, the improvement value also increased with the increase of treatment course, and the improvement effect of multiple treatment course was better than that of single and double treatment course. In the total score, the improvement effect of double and multiple treatment was better than that of single treatment. WMT also improved quality of life in the sleep disorder group. WMT significantly improved general health, vitality, social function and mental health in the short term. WMT significantly improved role-physical, general health, vitality, and mental health in the medium term. WMT regulated the disturbed gut microbiota in patients with sleep disorders. In the normal sleep group, WMT had no effect on the decline of sleep quality in the short, medium and long term, and had an improving effect on the quality of life. Conclusion WMT could significantly improve sleep quality and life quality in patients with sleep disorders with no adverse events. The improvement in sleep quality resulting from WMT could lead to an overall enhancement in life quality. WMT could be a potentially effective treatment for patients with sleep disorders by regulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin He
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Xinhai Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Qiu
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Wu
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Lolli L, Gregson W, Pulford A, Kanope T, Lopez E, Di Salvo V. Immediate effects of Ramadan on objective time asleep in male youth football players from the Middle East: an interrupted time-series study. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38753763 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2024.2340112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the abrupt effects of Ramadan onset on actigraphy-based time asleep in male youth Muslim football players. METHODS We adopted a quasi-experimental, interrupted time-series research design and tracked objective time asleep over a minimum of 12 consecutive nights in the two weeks prior to and immediately after Ramadan onset, respectively. Twenty-two, male academy student-athletes (chronological age range: 12.6 to 16.2 years) participated in the study (464 individual observations). Segmented generalized mixed-effects modelling estimated the effects of Ramadan onset on time asleep during the first period of night sleep only. RESULTS Ramadan onset led to an immediate mean reduction of 89 min (95% confidence interval [CI], 54 to 123 min) in time asleep during the first period of night sleep compared to pre-Ramadan sleep patterns. Model-adjusted estimated marginal means for time asleep were ~ 5.7 h (95%CI, 5.1 to 6.2 h) before and ~ 4.2 h (95%CI, 3.6 to 4.7 h) after Ramadan onset. Night sleep interruptions resulting in two or more fragmented periods accounted for 8% (95%CI, 2 to 21%) to 19% (95%, 11 to 29%) of sleep observations before and after Ramadan onset, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The onset of Ramadan determined an abrupt reduction in time asleep of ~ 1 h 30 min in the first period of a night cycle and contributed to additional problems of heterogeneous sleep fragmentation that can impact optimal school learning and youth athlete performance development processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lolli
- Football Performance & Science Department, Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Warren Gregson
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Pulford
- Football Performance & Science Department, Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tane Kanope
- Football Performance & Science Department, Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar
| | - Emmanuel Lopez
- Football Performance & Science Department, Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar
| | - Valter Di Salvo
- Football Performance & Science Department, Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
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Agliari E, Alemanno F, Aquaro M, Barra A, Durante F, Kanter I. Hebbian dreaming for small datasets. Neural Netw 2024; 173:106174. [PMID: 38359641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2024.106174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The dreaming Hopfield model constitutes a generalization of the Hebbian paradigm for neural networks, that is able to perform on-line learning when "awake" and also to account for off-line "sleeping" mechanisms. The latter have been shown to enhance storing in such a way that, in the long sleep-time limit, this model can reach the maximal storage capacity achievable by networks equipped with symmetric pairwise interactions. In this paper, we inspect the minimal amount of information that must be supplied to such a network to guarantee a successful generalization, and we test it both on random synthetic and on standard structured datasets (i.e., MNIST, Fashion-MNIST and Olivetti). By comparing these minimal thresholds of information with those required by the standard (i.e., always "awake") Hopfield model, we prove that the present network can save up to ∼90% of the dataset size, yet preserving the same performance of the standard counterpart. This suggests that sleep may play a pivotal role in explaining the gap between the large volumes of data required to train artificial neural networks and the relatively small volumes needed by their biological counterparts. Further, we prove that the model Cost function (typically used in statistical mechanics) admits a representation in terms of a standard Loss function (typically used in machine learning) and this allows us to analyze its emergent computational skills both theoretically and computationally: a quantitative picture of its capabilities as a function of its control parameters is achieved and consistency between the two approaches is highlighted. The resulting network is an associative memory for pattern recognition tasks that learns from examples on-line, generalizes correctly (in suitable regions of its control parameters) and optimizes its storage capacity by off-line sleeping: such a reduction of the training cost can be inspiring toward sustainable AI and in situations where data are relatively sparse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Agliari
- Department of Mathematics of Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Alemanno
- Department of Mathematics and Physics of Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Miriam Aquaro
- Department of Mathematics of Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Barra
- Department of Mathematics and Physics of Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Durante
- Department of Economic Sciences of Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Ido Kanter
- Department of Physics of Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Pfeiffer AM, Triplett C, Siengsukon CF. Examining the prevalence of sleep disturbances in patients seeking physical therapy services. Physiother Theory Pract 2024; 40:556-564. [PMID: 36259637 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2134754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of sleep disturbances in adults seeking physical therapy services. METHODS Participants were issued an electronic survey to provide demographic information and the following questionnaires: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), STOP-BANG (obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk), and restless leg syndrome (RLS) risk. Percentages were calculated to describe prevalence of sleep disturbances, and Spearman's correlations were used to identify associations between pain and sleep questionnaires. RESULTS Eighty-eight participants (47.9 ± 15.8 years, 68 females) completed the survey. Seventy-eight percent (n = 69) scored >5 on the PSQI; 32% (n = 28) scored ≥10 on the ESS; 52% (n = 46) scored ≥16 on the SHI; 51% (n = 45) scored ≥10 on the ISI; 28% (n = 25) had intermediate or high risk of OSA; and 40% (n = 35) indicated possible RLS. Pain level was significantly associated with PSQI (r(86) = 0.277, p = .009) and ISI (r(86) = 0.268, p = .012). CONCLUSIONS There was a higher prevalence of sleep disturbances in adults seeking physical therapy services than in the general population. Increased pain severity was associated with poorer sleep quality and increased insomnia symptoms. This study highlights the need to screen patients for sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Pfeiffer
- Department of Exercise Science, School of Behavioral Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD, USA
| | - Craig Triplett
- Department of Exercise Science, School of Behavioral Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD, USA
| | - Catherine F Siengsukon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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11
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Garcia JM, Murray M, Brazendale K, Rice DJ, Fukuda D. Effects of a family judo program on sleep quality in youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Sleep Med 2024; 115:152-154. [PMID: 38367356 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a family-based judo program on sleep quality in youth diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). METHODS Eighteen youth (13.17 years ± 3.76, 78% male) diagnosed with ASD participated in a 14-week family judo program. Sleep quality was assessed using the Actigraph GT9X accelerometer pre- and post-judo intervention. Non-parametric paired t-tests were conducted to examine changes in sleep quality variables. RESULTS There was a significant increase in sleep efficiency (p = .05), and a significant decrease in both sleep latency (p = .001) and wake after sleep onset (p = .02) following participation in the judo program. There were no changes in sleep duration observed in this sample (p = .83). CONCLUSION Participation in a family judo program may improve sleep quality in youth with ASD. More research is necessary to understand the mechanisms by which judo may improve sleep quality in youth with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M Garcia
- School of Sport Sciences, College of Applied Human Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Michelle Murray
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Keith Brazendale
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - David J Rice
- School of Sport Sciences, College of Applied Human Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - David Fukuda
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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12
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Qu G, Liu H, Han T, Zhang H, Ma S, Sun L, Qin Q, Chen M, Zhou X, Sun Y. Association between adverse childhood experiences and sleep quality, emotional and behavioral problems and academic achievement of children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:527-538. [PMID: 36869931 PMCID: PMC9985439 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on adult health has been extensively examined, but the association between ACEs and sleep, emotion, behavior and academic outcomes of children and adolescents is not well known. A total of 6363 primary and middle school students were included to examine the effect of ACEs on sleep quality, emotional and behavioral problems and academic achievement and further explore the mediation role of sleep quality and emotional and behavioral problems. Children and adolescents with ACE exposure had 1.37 times risk of poor sleep quality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-1.55), 1.91 times risk of emotional and behavioral problems (adjusted OR = 1.91, 95%CI: 1.69-2.15) and 1.21 times risk of self-reported lower academic achievement (adjusted OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.08-1.36). Most types of ACEs were significantly associated with poor sleep quality, emotional and behavioral problems and lower academic achievement. There were dose-response relationships between cumulative ACE exposure and risk of poor sleep quality, emotional and behavioral problems, and lower academic achievement. Sleep quality and emotional and behavioral performance mediated 45.9% of the effect of ACEs exposure on math scores and 15.2% of the effect of ACEs exposure on English scores. Early detection and prevention of ACEs among children and adolescents are urgent and essential, and targeted interventions for sleep and emotional and behavioral performance as well as early educational interventions are recommended for children with ACEs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tiantian Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huimei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shaodi Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Fuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.19, Zhongnan Avenue, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Qirong Qin
- Ma'anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.849, Jiangdong Avenue, Ma'anshan, 243000, Anhui, China
| | - Mingchun Chen
- Changfeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changfeng, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, Anhui, China
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, Anhui, China.
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13
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Wang H, Dai Y, Li X, Yu L. Associations of Training and Academic Stress with Sleep in Dual-Career Collegiate Badminton Athletes: A Preliminary Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:43-52. [PMID: 38283369 PMCID: PMC10822114 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s432475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Poor sleep negatively impacts cognitive and physical functioning and affects athletic and academic achievement. "Dual-career" athletes emphasize the pursuit of academic excellence along with athletic performance. Purpose The study aimed to assess sleep characteristics and sleep quality in dual-career collegiate badminton athletes. Furthermore, the study explored associations between training and academic stress and sleep, providing a theoretical basis for better training and sleep programs for dual-career athletes. Participants and Methods In this study, 15 dual-career collegiate badminton athletes were recruited, and 12 subjects (male n = 8, female n = 4, mean age 20.3 ± 1.7) completed the questionnaire. Repeated measurements were taken monthly in the spring semester from March to August 2021. The questionnaire assessed sleep quality and daytime sleepiness by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS). Moreover, we collected average training, study time per week, and monthly sports competitions and academic tests to quantify participants' training and academic stress. Results An average of 36.1% of dual-career athletes reported poor sleep and 25.0% had excessive daytime sleepiness. Overall, a significant positive correlation existed between PSQI scores and weekly study hours (r = 0.308, p = 0.009). Significant positive correlations were found between the four stressors and PSQI (August: r = 0.868, p < 0.001; July: r = 0.573, p = 0.026) or ESS scores (March: r = -0.678, p = 0.015; August: r = 0.598, p = 0.040) for specific months. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis identified that lower study and training hours predict better sleep quality. Conclusion Dual-career collegiate badminton athletes had a higher prevalence of poor sleep and daytime sleepiness, and daytime sleepiness did not result in better sleep quality; study and training hours had the greatest effect on the sleep quality of dual-career collegiate badminton athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Wang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physical Education and Research, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghong Dai
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Physical Education and Research, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People’s Republic of China
- School of Sport Training, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Chen P, Hao C, Ma N. Sleep spindles consolidate declarative memory with tags: A meta-analysis of adult data. JOURNAL OF PACIFIC RIM PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 18. [DOI: 10.1177/18344909241226761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Tags are attached to salient information during the wake period, which can preferentially determine what information can be consolidated during sleep. Previous studies demonstrated that spindles during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep give priority to strengthening memory representations with tags, indicating a privileged reactivation of tagged information. The current meta-analysis investigated whether and how spindles can capture different tags to consolidate declarative memory. This study searched the Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, PsycINFO, and OATD databases for studies that spindles consolidate declarative memory with tags. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model was performed. Based on 19 datasets from 18 studies (N = 388), spindles had a medium effect on the consolidation of declarative memory with tags ( r = 0.519). In addition, spindles derived from whole-night sleep and nap studies were positively related to the consolidation of memory representations with tags. These findings reveal the shared mechanism that spindles are actively involved in the prefrontal-hippocampus circuits to consolidate memory with tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Chen
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Hao
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Sleep Research, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health & Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Wei J, Wang M, Guo Y, Liu Y, Dong X. Sleep structure assessed by objective measurement in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis. Sleep Med 2024; 113:397-405. [PMID: 38134714 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A meta-analysis was used to explore the characteristic changes in objective sleep structure of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared with cognitively healthy older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, EMBAS, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched until November 2023. A literature quality evaluation was performed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and a meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS Fifteen studies with 771 participants were finally included. Compared with normal control groups, patients with MCI had a decreased total sleep time by 34.44 min, reduction in sleep efficiency by 7.96 %, increased waking after sleep onset by 19.61 min, and increased sleep latency by 6.97 min. Ten included studies showed that the patients with MCI had increased N1 sleep by 2.72 % and decreased N3 sleep by 0.78 %; however, there was no significant difference between the MCI and control groups in percentage of N2 sleep. Moreover, Twelve included studies reported the MCI groups had shorter REM sleep of 2.69 %. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence of abnormal sleep architecture in patients with MCI. As a "plastic state," abnormal sleep architecture may be a promising therapeutic target for slowing cognitive decline and dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuanli Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yanjin Liu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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16
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Johnson CE, Duncan MJ, Murphy MP. Sex and Sleep Disruption as Contributing Factors in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:31-74. [PMID: 38007653 PMCID: PMC10842753 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects more women than men, with women throughout the menopausal transition potentially being the most under researched and at-risk group. Sleep disruptions, which are an established risk factor for AD, increase in prevalence with normal aging and are exacerbated in women during menopause. Sex differences showing more disrupted sleep patterns and increased AD pathology in women and female animal models have been established in literature, with much emphasis placed on loss of circulating gonadal hormones with age. Interestingly, increases in gonadotropins such as follicle stimulating hormone are emerging to be a major contributor to AD pathogenesis and may also play a role in sleep disruption, perhaps in combination with other lesser studied hormones. Several sleep influencing regions of the brain appear to be affected early in AD progression and some may exhibit sexual dimorphisms that may contribute to increased sleep disruptions in women with age. Additionally, some of the most common sleep disorders, as well as multiple health conditions that impair sleep quality, are more prevalent and more severe in women. These conditions are often comorbid with AD and have bi-directional relationships that contribute synergistically to cognitive decline and neuropathology. The association during aging of increased sleep disruption and sleep disorders, dramatic hormonal changes during and after menopause, and increased AD pathology may be interacting and contributing factors that lead to the increased number of women living with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E. Johnson
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marilyn J. Duncan
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - M. Paul Murphy
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Lexington, KY, USA
- University of Kentucky, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, KY, USA
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17
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Huang Z, Li S, Lu F, Tian K, Peng L. Current situation and factors influencing physical fitness among adolescents aged 12 ∼ 15 in Shandong Province, China: A cross-sectional study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102460. [PMID: 37927974 PMCID: PMC10622685 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent physical fitness serves not merely as a current barometer of well-being but as a significant prognosticator of future health trajectories. Amidst the tumult of socioeconomic metamorphoses and pronounced lifestyle transitions enveloping China-mirroring global trends-the imperative to elucidate the present landscape of adolescent physical fitness intensifies. Moreover, discerning the myriad determinants underpinning it becomes paramount. In this context, our research endeavored to meticulously delineate the physical fitness milieu of adolescents residing in Shandong Province, systematically unpacking the multifarious influencers thereof. The insights garnered herein furnish an empirical foundation, primed to guide the sculpting of calibrated interventions, targeting the enhancement of health in this pivotal population cohort. In an extensive evaluative survey conducted in 2023 concerning the physical fitness of Shandong's student populace, a cohort of 33,211 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years was delineated utilizing a stratified random cluster sampling technique. This exercise meticulously quantified the physical fitness indices across diverse gender, age, and household registration classifications, subsequently computing the concomitant qualified rates. Employing multivariable logistic regression analysis, this investigation delved into the determinants modulating the adolescents' physical fitness qualified rate. For 2023, the aggregate fitness qualified rate stood at 91.94 % for the adolescents aged 12 ∼ 15 in Shandong Province. Gender-wise, female adolescents registered a qualified rate of 92.25 %, marginally eclipsing their male peers at 91.63 % (P < 0.05). An age-related trend in qualified rates was discernible, with marked variations across different age bands (P < 0.05): 91.37 % for 12-year-olds, 91.79 % for 13-year-olds, 91.81 % for 14-year-olds, and a zenith of 92.87 % for 15-year-olds. A geographical dichotomy emerged wherein rural adolescents distinctly outperformed their urban counterparts, notching up a 92.28 % qualified rate versus 91.64 % in urban settings (P < 0.05). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, age, and household registration characteristics, adolescents had a lower odds of failing the physical fitness tests whose parents both liked physical exercises, whose parents supported children's participation in physical exercise, who participated in physical exercise sessions 3 ∼ 5 times per week or more than 5 times per week, who exercised for 0.5 ∼ 1 h each time or more than 1 h each time, who engaged in moderate intensity physical exercise, who slept 6 ∼ 8 h per day or more than 8 h per day, who consumed breakfast 3 ∼ 6 times per week or daily. On the other hand, adolescents had a higher odds of failing the physical fitness tests who always exposed to passive smoking, who spent 1 ∼ 3 h on screen per day or more than 3 h on screen per day, who spent more than 3 h doing homework per day, who consumed fast food 2 ∼ 3 times per week or more than 3 times per week. The physical fitness trajectory of adolescents residing within Shandong Province is tethered to a mosaic of determinants. This underscores the imperative for a synergistic strategy, harmonizing parental, scholastic, and societal vectors, to cultivate the salubrious maturation of this pivotal cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Huang
- School of Big Data and Fundamental Sciences, Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Mathematical Group, Chenguan Central Middle School in Guangrao County, Dongying, China
| | - Fei Lu
- Physical Education Group, Dongying Experimental Middle School, Dongying, China
| | - Kunzong Tian
- School of Big Data and Fundamental Sciences, Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying, China
| | - Lujing Peng
- School of Big Data and Fundamental Sciences, Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying, China
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18
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Di Rienzo F, Debarnot U, Daligault S, Delpuech C, Doyon J, Guillot A. Brain plasticity underlying sleep-dependent motor consolidation after motor imagery. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11431-11445. [PMID: 37814365 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery can, similarly to physical practice, improve motor performance through experience-based plasticity. Using magnetoencephalography, we investigated changes in brain activity associated with offline consolidation of motor sequence learning through physical practice or motor imagery. After an initial training session with either physical practice or motor imagery, participants underwent overnight consolidation. As control condition, participants underwent wake-related consolidation after training with motor imagery. Behavioral analyses revealed that overnight consolidation of motor learning through motor imagery outperformed wake-related consolidation (95% CI [0.02, 0.07], P < 0.001, RP2 = 0.05). As regions of interest, we selected the generators of event-related synchronization/desynchronization of alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (15-30 Hz) oscillations, which predicted the level of performance on the motor sequence. This yielded a primary sensorimotor-premotor network for alpha oscillations and a cortico-cerebellar network for beta oscillations. The alpha network exhibited increased neural desynchronization after overnight consolidation compared to wake-related consolidation. By contrast, the beta network exhibited an increase in neural synchronization after wake-related consolidation compared to overnight consolidation. We provide the first evidence of parallel brain plasticity underlying behavioral changes associated with sleep-dependent consolidation of motor skill learning through motor imagery and physical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Di Rienzo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, LIBM, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ursula Debarnot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, LIBM, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Claude Delpuech
- CERMEP - Imagerie du Vivant, MEG Departement, Lyon, Bron 69677, France
| | - Julien Doyon
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, LIBM, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes 75005 Paris, France
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19
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Power CJ, Fox JL, Elliott-Sale KJ, Bender AM, Dalbo VJ, Scanlan AT. Waking Up to the Issue! Research Inattention and Sex-Related Differences Warrant More Sleep Studies in Female Athletes. Sports Med 2023:10.1007/s40279-023-01963-5. [PMID: 37989830 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding sleep patterns and behaviors of athletes is essential for developing targeted sleep-based interventions for implementation in practice. However, more than double the number of sleep studies have examined male athletes compared with female athletes, making the current understanding of sleep patterns, behaviors, and interventions among athletes disproportionately indicative of men. Consequently, this review demonstrates the need for more female-specific sleep data among athlete populations due to research inattention and sex-related differences. Specifically, this review identifies variations in sleep patterns and behaviors between male and female athletes, as well as physiological and lifestyle factors that potentially affect sleep patterns and behaviors across the lifespan, specifically in female athletes. In this regard, evidence suggests some female athletes experience longer sleep durations and better objective sleep quality, but similar or worse subjective sleep quality compared with male athletes. Additionally, scheduling training in the morning or throughout the day may benefit sleep in some female athletes. Considering sleep disorders, women may be at greater risk for insomnia and restless legs syndrome compared with men, which may be attributed to pregnancy, as well as a higher prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, iron deficiency without anemia, and use of psychotropic medication among women. Finally, the menstrual cycle, menstrual disorders, oral contraceptive use, and the postpartum period have been shown to exert detrimental effects on sleep patterns and behaviors and should theoretically be considered when monitoring and managing sleep in female athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J Power
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jordan L Fox
- Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Kirsty J Elliott-Sale
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Amy M Bender
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Absolute Rest, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Vincent J Dalbo
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Aaron T Scanlan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
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20
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Yang B, Zhang H, Jiang T, Yu S. Natural brain state change with E/I balance shifting toward inhibition is associated with vigilance impairment. iScience 2023; 26:107963. [PMID: 37822500 PMCID: PMC10562778 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The delicate balance between cortical excitation and inhibition (E/I) plays a pivotal role in brain state changes. While previous studies have associated cortical hyperexcitability with brain state changes induced by sleep deprivation, whether cortical hypoexcitability is also linked to brain state changes and, if so, how it could affect cognitive performance remain unknown. Here, we address these questions by examining the brain state change occurring after meals, i.e., postprandial somnolence, and comparing it with that induced by sleep deprivation. By analyzing features representing network excitability based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, we confirmed cortical hyperexcitability under sleep deprivation but revealed hypoexcitability under postprandial somnolence. In addition, we found that both sleep deprivation and postprandial somnolence adversely affected the level of vigilance. These results indicate that cortical E/I balance toward inhibition is associated with brain state changes, and deviation from the balanced state, regardless of its direction, could impair cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Yang
- Brainnetome Center, Laboratory of Brain Atlas and Brain-inspired Intelligence, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Brainnetome Center, Laboratory of Brain Atlas and Brain-inspired Intelligence, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Laboratory of Brain Atlas and Brain-inspired Intelligence, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Brainnetome Center, Laboratory of Brain Atlas and Brain-inspired Intelligence, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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21
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Rey L, Désoche C, Saive AL, Thévenet M, Garcia S, Tillmann B, Plailly J. Episodic memory and recognition are influenced by cues' sensory modality: comparing odours, music and faces using virtual reality. Memory 2023; 31:1113-1133. [PMID: 37649134 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2208793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Most everyday experiences are multisensory, and all senses can trigger the conscious re-experience of unique personal events embedded in their specific spatio-temporal context. Yet, little is known about how a cue's sensory modality influences episodic memory, and which step of this process is impacted. This study investigated recognition and episodic memory across olfactory, auditory and visual sensory modalities in a laboratory-ecological task using a non-immersive virtual reality device. At encoding, participants freely and actively explored unique and rich episodes in a three-room house where boxes delivered odours, musical pieces and pictures of face. At retrieval, participants were presented with modality-specific memory cues and were told to 1) recognise encoded cues among distractors and, 2) go to the room and select the box in which they encountered them at encoding. Memory performance and response times revealed that music and faces outperformed odours in recognition memory, but that odours and faces outperformed music in evoking encoding context. Interestingly, correct recognition of music and faces was accompanied by more profound inspirations than correct rejection. By directly comparing memory performance across sensory modalities, our study demonstrated that despite limited recognition, odours are powerful cues to evoke specific episodic memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Rey
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CMO team, Bron, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CAP team, Bron, France
| | - Clément Désoche
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, ImpAct team, Bron, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Mouvement et Handicap, Neuro-Immersion, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Lise Saive
- Institut Paul Bocuse Research Center, Ecully, France
- UNIQUE Center, the Quebec Neuro-AI research center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Thévenet
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CMO team, Bron, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CAP team, Bron, France
| | - Samuel Garcia
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CMO team, Bron, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CAP team, Bron, France
| | - Barbara Tillmann
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CAP team, Bron, France
| | - Jane Plailly
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, CMO team, Bron, France
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22
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Frange C, Murray BJ, Coelho FMS. The Importance of Sleep for Successful Neurorehabilitation after Stroke. Sleep Sci 2023; 16:e335-e343. [PMID: 38196757 PMCID: PMC10773525 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep has important clinical implications for neurorehabilitation after stroke. We aimed to systematically explore sleep (including naps) as an essential factor in the neurorehabilitation of patients after stroke. After titles and abstracts were screened, 49 full texts were reviewed, and 7 were included in this review. Data were extracted and assessed for quality and risk of bias. We looked at any neurorehabilitation setting, and compared sleep with no sleep and explored these factors in stroke patients versus healthy individuals. Rehabilitation is critical for many activities that may need to be learned or re-learned following stroke and for returning to everyday life. In this context, sleep is essential in neurorehabilitation and physical therapy practice as it supports neuroplasticity, memory, and learning. The available data suggest that sleep should be considered in the treatment plan for successfully targeted physiotherapy to optimize cognitive and motor learning. Physical therapists should advise about sleep hygiene and therapies to improve sleep, both quality and quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Frange
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal De São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brian James Murray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando Morgadinho Santos Coelho
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal De São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sridhar S, Khamaj A, Asthana MK. Cognitive neuroscience perspective on memory: overview and summary. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1217093. [PMID: 37565054 PMCID: PMC10410470 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1217093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper explores memory from a cognitive neuroscience perspective and examines associated neural mechanisms. It examines the different types of memory: working, declarative, and non-declarative, and the brain regions involved in each type. The paper highlights the role of different brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex in working memory and the hippocampus in declarative memory. The paper also examines the mechanisms that underlie the formation and consolidation of memory, including the importance of sleep in the consolidation of memory and the role of the hippocampus in linking new memories to existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights two types of memory consolidation processes: cellular consolidation and system consolidation. Cellular consolidation is the process of stabilizing information by strengthening synaptic connections. System consolidation models suggest that memories are initially stored in the hippocampus and are gradually consolidated into the neocortex over time. The consolidation process involves a hippocampal-neocortical binding process incorporating newly acquired information into existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights the role of the medial temporal lobe and its involvement in autobiographical memory. Further, the paper discusses the relationship between episodic and semantic memory and the role of the hippocampus. Finally, the paper underscores the need for further research into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying non-declarative memory, particularly conditioning. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive overview from a cognitive neuroscience perspective of the different processes involved in memory consolidation of different types of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Sridhar
- Department of Psychology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - Abdulrahman Khamaj
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Kumar Asthana
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
- Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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24
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Li Y, Zhao L, Zhang K, Shen M, Li Y, Yu Y, Yu J, Feng J, Xie K, Yu Y. Neurometabolic and structural alterations of medial septum and hippocampal CA1 in a model of post-operative sleep fragmentation in aged mice: a study combining 1H-MRS and DTI. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1160761. [PMID: 37333891 PMCID: PMC10272368 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1160761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-operative sleep disturbance is a common feature of elderly surgical patients, and sleep fragmentation (SF) is closely related to post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). SF is characterized by sleep interruption, increased number of awakenings and sleep structure destruction, similar to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Research shows that sleep interruption can change neurotransmitter metabolism and structural connectivity in sleep and cognitive brain regions, of which the medial septum and hippocampal CA1 are key brain regions connecting sleep and cognitive processes. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a non-invasive method for the evaluation of neurometabolic abnormalities. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) realizes the observation of structural integrity and connectivity of brain regions of interest in vivo. However, it is unclear whether post-operative SF induces harmful changes in neurotransmitters and structures of the key brain regions and their contribution to POCD. In this study, we evaluated the effects of post-operative SF on neurotransmitter metabolism and structural integrity of medial septum and hippocampal CA1 in aged C57BL/6J male mice. The animals received a 24-h SF procedure after isoflurane anesthesia and right carotid artery exposure surgery. 1H-MRS results showed after post-operative SF, the glutamate (Glu)/creatine (Cr) and glutamate + glutamine (Glx)/Cr ratios increased in the medial septum and hippocampal CA1, while the NAA/Cr ratio decreased in the hippocampal CA1. DTI results showed post-operative SF decreased the fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter fibers in the hippocampal CA1, while the medial septum was not affected. Moreover, post-operative SF aggravated subsequent Y-maze and novel object recognition performances accompanied by abnormal enhancement of glutamatergic metabolism signal. This study suggests that 24-h SF induces hyperglutamate metabolism level and microstructural connectivity damage in sleep and cognitive brain regions in aged mice, which may be involved in the pathophysiological process of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengxi Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiafeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
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25
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Geva-Sagiv M, Mankin EA, Eliashiv D, Epstein S, Cherry N, Kalender G, Tchemodanov N, Nir Y, Fried I. Augmenting hippocampal-prefrontal neuronal synchrony during sleep enhances memory consolidation in humans. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1100-1110. [PMID: 37264156 PMCID: PMC10244181 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Memory consolidation during sleep is thought to depend on the coordinated interplay between cortical slow waves, thalamocortical sleep spindles and hippocampal ripples, but direct evidence is lacking. Here, we implemented real-time closed-loop deep brain stimulation in human prefrontal cortex during sleep and tested its effects on sleep electrophysiology and on overnight consolidation of declarative memory. Synchronizing the stimulation to the active phases of endogenous slow waves in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) enhanced sleep spindles, boosted locking of brain-wide neural spiking activity to MTL slow waves, and improved coupling between MTL ripples and thalamocortical oscillations. Furthermore, synchronized stimulation enhanced the accuracy of recognition memory. By contrast, identical stimulation without this precise time-locking was not associated with, and sometimes even degraded, these electrophysiological and behavioral effects. Notably, individual changes in memory accuracy were highly correlated with electrophysiological effects. Our results indicate that hippocampo-thalamocortical synchronization during sleep causally supports human memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Geva-Sagiv
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center of Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Emily A Mankin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dawn Eliashiv
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shdema Epstein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Natalie Cherry
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Guldamla Kalender
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Tchemodanov
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuval Nir
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Itzhak Fried
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Chen J, Lu X, Chen P, Shen Y, Zheng B, Guo Z. Anti-fatigue effect of glycoprotein from hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) by-products in a behavioral mouse model. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100645. [PMID: 36968310 PMCID: PMC10034424 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) is a kind of abundant marine fish, and its by-products contain rich protein resources, which can be better exploited and utilized in the food industry. In this study, the glycoprotein of hairtail by-products (GHB) was extracted using ultrasonic-assisted salt solution extraction with hairtail by-products as the raw material. The anti-fatigue effect of GHB was explored by mouse behavior experiments (shuttle box test, open field test and load swimming test). The results showed that the active escape times of the GHB group increased compared with the blank group in the shuttle box test, and the GHB group stayed in the central area for more time in the open field test. At the same time, the exhaustive swimming time of high-dose-group mice was 122.01% longer than that of the blank control group. GHB can improve the memory learning ability and activity of mice, and exert its anti-fatigue effect by eliminating excessive free radicals, slowing the metabolism of amino acids and proteins, and increasing glycogen reserves. This study provides a theoretical basis for the function mechanism of glycoprotein of hairtail by-products and the development of supplementary material in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Peixin Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yijie Shen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Zebin Guo
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
- Corresponding author at: College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15, Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350002, PR China.
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27
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Liu H, Zhou R, Yin L, Si N, Yang C, Huang C, Wang R, Chen X. β-asarone prolongs sleep via regulating the level of glutamate in the PVN. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 665:71-77. [PMID: 37149985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
People of all ages could suffer from sleep disorders, which are increasingly recognized as common manifestations of neurologic disease. Acorus tatarinowii is a herb that has been used in traditional medicine to promote sleep. β-asarone, as the main component of volatile oil obtained from Acorus tatarinowii, may be the main contributor to the sleeping-promoting efficacy of Acorus tatarinowii. In the study, adult male C57BL/6 mice were administered β-asarone at 12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg. Behavioral experiments showed that β-asarone at 25 mg/kg could significantly improve sleep duration. It was also observed that the proportion of NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) sleep increased considerably after administration of β-asarone. In the PVN (paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus) region of the hypothalamus, it was observed that the glutamate content decreased after β-asarone treatment. At the same time, the expression of VGLUT2 (vesicular glutamate transporters 2) decreased while the expression of GAD65 (glutamic acid decarboxylase 65) and GABARAP (GABA Type A Receptor-Associated Protein) increased in the hypothalamus, suggesting that β-asarone may suppress arousal by reducing glutamate and promoting transformation of glutamate to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid). This study is the first to focus on the association between β-asarone and sleep, shedding perspectives for pharmacological applications of β-asarone and providing a new direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Lanxiang Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Nana Si
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chenglin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chengqing Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xiangtao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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28
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Birmingham WC, Wadsworth LL, Lassetter JH, Graff TC, Lauren E, Hung M. COVID-19 lockdown: Impact on college students' lives. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:879-893. [PMID: 34292141 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1909041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: In light of COVID-19, leaders issued stay-at-home orders, including closure of higher-education schools. Most students left campus, likely impacting their employment and social network. Leaders are making decisions about opening universities and modality of instruction. Understanding students' psychological, physiological, academic, and financial responses to the shut-down and reopening of campuses can help leaders make informed decisions. Participants: 654 students from a large western university enrolled during the pandemic shutdown. Methods: Students were invited via email to complete an online survey. Results: Students reported stress, depression, loneliness, lack of motivation, difficulty focusing on schoolwork, restless sleep, appetite changes, job loss concerns, and difficulties coping. Most wanted to return to campus and felt social/physical distancing was effective but were mixed in terms of testing or masks. Conclusions: Moving to remote learning created physical and psychological stress. Students want to return to campus but do not want to take risk-reducing measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori L Wadsworth
- Romney Institute of Public Service & Ethics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | - Tyler C Graff
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, Utah, USA
| | - Evelyn Lauren
- Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, South Jordan, Utah, USA
| | - Man Hung
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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29
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Incomplete off-duty work hours and sleep quality among firefighters: a cross-sectional study, Taiwan. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:247-257. [PMID: 36063231 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether firefighters in Taiwan have a sleep problem and investigated the related factors of poor sleep quality. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 2123 male shift firefighters in the Greater Taipei area were invited, and 37.7% of them satisfactorily completed the questionnaire online. The Chinese version of Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to determine the associations among demographic characteristics, work-related characteristics, and poor sleep quality. RESULTS As revealed by 801 valid questionnaires, 77.2% were poor sleepers (PSQI cutoff score > 6), and 61.2% reported incomplete off-duty in the past month. Moreover, 42.6% of incomplete off-duty workers reported extended overtime of more than 5 h on off-duty days in the past month. Poor sleep quality was associated with the following factors: (1) demographic characteristics: age, working tenure, having children, and chronotype and (2) work-related characteristics: shift schedule and incomplete off-duty. The final model for poor sleep quality as per PSQI included age, chronotype, shift schedule, and incomplete off-duty hours in the past month. Longer hours of incomplete off-duty work were associated with increased risks of overall poor sleep quality and of poor subjective sleep quality, long sleep latency, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction. CONCLUSION Firefighters are advised to have a complete off-duty day to avoid poor sleep quality, long sleep latency, short sleep duration, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction. Our results confirm the need for implementing appropriate shift schedules to ensure adequate rest time for firefighters.
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30
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Arheix-Parras S, Glize B, Guehl D, Python G. Electrophysiological Changes in Patients with Post-stroke Aphasia: A Systematic Review. Brain Topogr 2023; 36:135-171. [PMID: 36749552 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-023-00941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) record two main types of data: continuous measurements at rest or during sleep, and event-related potentials/evoked magnetic fields (ERPs/EMFs) that involve specific and repetitive tasks. In this systematic review, we summarized longitudinal studies on recovery from post-stroke aphasia that used continuous or event-related temporal imaging (EEG or MEG). Methods We searched PubMed and Scopus for English articles published from 1950 to May 31, 2022. Results 34 studies were included in this review: 11 were non-interventional studies and 23 were clinical trials that used specific rehabilitation methods, neuromodulation, or drugs. The results of the non-interventional studies suggested that poor language recovery was associated with slow-wave activity persisting over time. The results of some clinical trials indicated that behavioral improvements were correlated with significant modulation of the N400 component. Discussion Compared with continuous EEG, ERP/EMF may more reliably identify biomarkers of therapy-induced effects. Electrophysiology should be used more often to explore language processes that are impaired after a stroke, as it may highlight treatment challenges for patients with post-stroke aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Arheix-Parras
- ACTIVE team, Bordeaux Population Health, INSERM UMR 1219, university of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France. .,Institut Universitaire des Sciences de la Réadaptation, University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France. .,Department of physical medicine and rehabilitation, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Bertrand Glize
- ACTIVE team, Bordeaux Population Health, INSERM UMR 1219, university of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,Institut Universitaire des Sciences de la Réadaptation, University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,Department of physical medicine and rehabilitation, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dominique Guehl
- Pole des neurosciences cliniques, CHU de Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,IMN CNRS UMR 5293, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Grégoire Python
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Cohen H, Ephraim‐Oluwanuga OT, Akintunde OT, Gureje O, Matar MA, Todder D, Zohar J. The potential beneficial effect of sleep deprivation following traumatic events to preventing PTSD: Review of current insight regarding sleep, memory, and trauma resonating with ancient rituals-Àìsùn Oku (African) and Tsuya (Japanese). Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:2-11. [PMID: 36622038 PMCID: PMC10009425 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep figures in numerous ancient texts, for example, Epic of Gilgamesh, and has been a focus for countless mystical and philosophical texts. Even in the present century, sleep remains one of the most complex behaviors whose function still remains to be further explored. Current hypotheses suggest that among other functions, sleep contributes to memory processes. Memory is a core topic of study in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other stress-related phenomena. It is widely accepted that sleep plays a major role in the consolidation of newly encoded hippocampus-dependent memories to pre-existing knowledge networks. Conversely, sleep deprivation disrupts consolidation and impairs memory retrieval. Along this line, sleep deprivation following a potentially traumatic event may interfere with the consolidation of event-related memories and, thereby, may reduce long-term post-traumatic stress-related symptoms. This review consolidates clinical and animal studies on the relationships between sleep, sleep deprivation, memory processes, and trauma exposure while introducing new contemporary insights into an ancient African tribal ritual (Àìsùn Oku) and Japanese ceremony ritual (Tsuya). We propose that these findings, focusing specifically on the effects of sleep deprivation in the immediate aftermath of traumatic events, may be explored as a possible therapeutic measure. Along with a summary of the field questions on whether sleep is performed "to remember" or "to forget" we lay the rationale for using sleep deprivation as a clinical tool. A tool that may partially prevent the long-term persistence of these traumatic events' memory and thereby, at least partly, attenuating the development of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Cohen
- Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer‐Sheva Mental Health CenterBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | | | - Orunmuyi T. Akintunde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of PsychiatryCollege of Health Sciences University of AbujaAbujaNigeria
| | - Michael A. Matar
- Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer‐Sheva Mental Health CenterBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Doron Todder
- Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer‐Sheva Mental Health CenterBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Post‐Trauma Center, Sheba Medical CenterTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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32
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Orchard ER, Rutherford HJV, Holmes AJ, Jamadar SD. Matrescence: lifetime impact of motherhood on cognition and the brain. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:302-316. [PMID: 36609018 PMCID: PMC9957969 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Profound environmental, hormonal, and neurobiological changes mark the transition to motherhood as a major biosocial life event. Despite the ubiquity of motherhood, the enduring impact of caregiving on cognition and the brain across the lifespan is not well characterized and represents a unique window of opportunity to investigate human neural and cognitive development. By integrating insights from the human and animal maternal brain literatures with theories of cognitive ageing, we outline a framework for understanding maternal neural and cognitive changes across the lifespan. We suggest that the increased cognitive load of motherhood provides an initial challenge during the peripartum period, requiring continuous adaptation; yet when these demands are sustained across the lifespan, they result in increased late-life cognitive reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwina R Orchard
- Yale Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sharna D Jamadar
- Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health & Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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33
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Kao PC. The Interrelationship of Loneliness, Smartphone Addiction, Sleep Quality, and Students' Attention in English as a Foreign Language Class. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3460. [PMID: 36834156 PMCID: PMC9958870 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a research model comprising four variables (loneliness, smartphone addiction, sleep quality, and students' attention in English as a foreign language class) was proposed and statistically examined. Previous literature has appeared to neglect these variables, which are considered to be essential to understanding students' attention in EFL (English as a foreign language) class among college students. A total of 587 undergraduate students were recruited from a university in Taiwan to participate in the present study. The technique of structural equation modeling was adopted to test the hypotheses in the conceptual model. The findings of this study are: (1) smartphone addiction has a significant negative impact on students' attention in EFL class; (2) smartphone addiction has a significant negative impact on sleep quality; (3) sleep quality has a significant positive impact on students' attention in EFL class; (4) sleep quality partially mediates the relationship between smartphone addiction and students' attention in EFL class; (5) loneliness has a significant positive effect on smartphone addiction. The results can enrich the present literature in the psychology of attention and mobile technology by providing an insight into the dynamics of these four variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chi Kao
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
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34
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Cai S, Tham EKH, Xu HY, Fu X, Goh RSM, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Yap F, Shek LPC, Hoe Teoh O, Gooley JJ, Yam-Thiam Goh D, Meaney MJ, Schneider N, Rifkin-Graboi A, Broekman BFP. Trajectories of reported sleep duration associate with early childhood cognitive development. Sleep 2023; 46:6820918. [PMID: 36355436 PMCID: PMC9905782 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Examine how different trajectories of reported sleep duration associate with early childhood cognition. METHODS Caregiver-reported sleep duration data (n = 330) were collected using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months and Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire at 54 months. Multiple group-based day-, night-, and/or total sleep trajectories were derived-each differing in duration and variability. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III (Bayley-III) and the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test- 2 (KBIT-2) were used to assess cognition at 24 and 54 months, respectively. RESULTS Compared to short variable night sleep trajectory, long consistent night sleep trajectory was associated with higher scores on Bayley-III (cognition and language), while moderate/long consistent night sleep trajectories were associated with higher KBIT-2 (verbal and composite) scores. Children with a long consistent total sleep trajectory had higher Bayley-III (cognition and expressive language) and KBIT-2 (verbal and composite) scores compared to children with a short variable total sleep trajectory. Moderate consistent total sleep trajectory was associated with higher Bayley-III language and KBIT-2 verbal scores relative to the short variable total trajectory. Children with a long variable day sleep had lower Bayley-III (cognition and fine motor) and KBIT-2 (verbal and composite) scores compared to children with a short consistent day sleep trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Longer and more consistent night- and total sleep trajectories, and a short day sleep trajectory in early childhood were associated with better cognition at 2 and 4.5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Cai
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elaine Kwang Hsia Tham
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hai-Yan Xu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiuju Fu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rick Siow Mong Goh
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat- National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oon Hoe Teoh
- Respiratory Medicine Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua J Gooley
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Yam-Thiam Goh
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat- National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nora Schneider
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Societé des Produits Nestlé S.A., Switzerland
| | - Anne Rifkin-Graboi
- Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Birit F P Broekman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Amsterdam UMC and OLVG Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Cao S, Xin B, Yu Y, Peng C, Zhu C, Deng M, Gao X, Chu J, Liu T. Improvement of sleep quality in isolated metastatic patients with spinal cord compression after surgery. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:11. [PMID: 36647119 PMCID: PMC9843842 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-02895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess changes in quality of sleep (QoS) in isolated metastatic patients with spinal cord compression following two different surgical treatments and identify potential contributing factors associated with QoS improvement. METHODS We reviewed 49 patients with isolated spinal metastasis at our spinal tumor center between December 2017 and May 2021. Total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) and palliative surgery with postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (PSRS) were performed on 26 and 23 patients, respectively. We employed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify the potential prognostic factors affecting QoS. RESULTS The total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score improved significantly 6 months after surgery. Univariate analysis indicated that age, pain worsening at night, decrease in visual analog scale (VAS), increase in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score (ECOG-PS), artificial implant in focus, and decrease in epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) scale values were potential contributing factors for QoS. Multivariate analysis indicated that the ESCC scale score decreased as an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS Patients with spinal cord compression caused by the metastatic disease had significantly improved QoS after TES and PSRS treatment. Moreover, a decrease in ESCC scale value of > 1 was identified as a favorable contributing factor associated with PSQI improvement. In addition, TES and PSRS can prevent recurrence by achieving efficient local tumor control to improve indirect sleep. Accordingly, timely and effective surgical decompression and recurrence control are critical for improving sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoquan Xin
- grid.267139.80000 0000 9188 055XSchool of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yu
- grid.459419.4Department of Anesthesiology, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengzhang Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqiu Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tielong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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36
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Insomnia, Daytime Sleepiness, and Quality of Life among 20,139 College Students in 60 Countries around the World-A 2016-2021 Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020692. [PMID: 36675621 PMCID: PMC9866097 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sleep disorders are a widespread phenomenon, and the number of individuals suffering from them is increasing every year, especially among young adults. Currently, the literature lacks studies that cover both countries with different levels of development and a period before the announcement of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to globally assess the prevalence of insomnia and daytime sleepiness among students and assess their quality of life. Methods: For this purpose, our own questionnaire was distributed online via Facebook.com. In addition to the questions that assessed socioeconomic status, the survey included psychometric tools, such as the Athens insomnia scale (AIS), the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and the Manchester short assessment of the quality of life (MANSA). The survey distribution period covered 31 January 2016 to 30 April 2021. Results: The survey involved 20,139 students from 60 countries around the world. The vast majority of the students were women (78.2%) and also those residing in countries with very high levels of development and/or high GDP (gross domestic product) per capita at 90.4% and 87.9%, respectively. More than half (50.6%) of the respondents (10,187) took the survey before the COVID-19 pandemic was announced. In the group analyzed, 11,597 (57.6%) students obtained a score indicative of insomnia and 5442 (27.0%) a score indicative of daytime sleepiness. Women, low-income residents, and nonmedical students were significantly more likely to have scores indicating the presence of insomnia. Individuals experiencing both sleepiness (B = −3.142; p < 0.001) and daytime sleepiness (B = −1.331; p < 0.001) rated their quality of life significantly lower. Conclusions: Insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness are common conditions among students worldwide and are closely related. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered students’ diurnal rhythms, which contributed to an increase in insomnia. Students in countries with a high GDP per capita index are significantly less likely to develop insomnia compared to the residents of countries with a low GDP per capita index. Sleep disorders definitely reduce the quality of life of students.
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37
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Tan S, Gao H, Sun J, Li N, Zhang Y, Yang L, Wang M, Wang Q, Zhai Q. CD33/TREM2 Signaling Mediates Sleep Deprivation-Induced Memory Impairment by Regulating Microglial Phagocytosis. Neuromolecular Med 2023:10.1007/s12017-023-08733-6. [PMID: 36639554 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation causes significant memory impairment in healthy adults. Extensive research has focused on identifying the biological mechanisms underlying memory impairment. Microglia-mediated synaptic elimination plays an indispensable role in sleep deprivation. Here, the potential role of the CD33/TREM2 signaling pathway in modulating memory decline during chronic sleep restriction (CSR) was evaluated. In this study, adult male C57BL/6 mice were sleep-restricted using an automated sleep deprivation apparatus for 20 h per day for 7 days. The Y-maze test revealed that spontaneous alternation was significantly reduced in CSR mice compared with control mice. The percentage of exploratory preference for the novel object in CSR mice was significantly decreased compared with that in control mice. These memory deficits correlated with aberrant microglial activation and increased phagocytic ability. Moreover, in CSR mice, the CD33 protein level in hippocampal tissue was significantly downregulated, but the TREM2 protein level was increased. In BV2 microglial cells, downregulation of CD33 increased TREM2 expression and improved microglial phagocytosis. Then, the sialic ligand monosialo-ganglioside 1 (GM1, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to mice once a day during CSR. Our results further showed that GM1 activated CD33 and consequently disturbed TREM2-mediated microglial phagocytosis. Finally, GM1 reversed CSR-induced synaptic loss and memory impairment via the CD33/TREM2 signaling pathway in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. This study provides novel evidence that activating CD33 and/or inhibiting TREM2 activity represent potential therapies for sleep loss-induced memory deficits through the modulation of microglial phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianyu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Wang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qian Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Sanfilippo C, Giuliano L, Castrogiovanni P, Imbesi R, Ulivieri M, Fazio F, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Di Rosa M. Sex, Age, and Regional Differences in CHRM1 and CHRM3 Genes Expression Levels in the Human Brain Biopsies: Potential Targets for Alzheimer's Disease-related Sleep Disturbances. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:740-760. [PMID: 36475335 PMCID: PMC10207911 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221207091209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholinergic hypofunction and sleep disturbance are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive disorder leading to neuronal deterioration. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1-5 or mAChRs), expressed in hippocampus and cerebral cortex, play a pivotal role in the aberrant alterations of cognitive processing, memory, and learning, observed in AD. Recent evidence shows that two mAChRs, M1 and M3, encoded by CHRM1 and CHRM3 genes, respectively, are involved in sleep functions and, peculiarly, in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. METHODS We used twenty microarray datasets extrapolated from post-mortem brain tissue of nondemented healthy controls (NDHC) and AD patients to examine the expression profile of CHRM1 and CHRM3 genes. Samples were from eight brain regions and stratified according to age and sex. RESULTS CHRM1 and CHRM3 expression levels were significantly reduced in AD compared with ageand sex-matched NDHC brains. A negative correlation with age emerged for both CHRM1 and CHRM3 in NDHC but not in AD brains. Notably, a marked positive correlation was also revealed between the neurogranin (NRGN) and both CHRM1 and CHRM3 genes. These associations were modulated by sex. Accordingly, in the temporal and occipital regions of NDHC subjects, males expressed higher levels of CHRM1 and CHRM3, respectively, than females. In AD patients, males expressed higher levels of CHRM1 and CHRM3 in the temporal and frontal regions, respectively, than females. CONCLUSION Thus, substantial differences, all strictly linked to the brain region analyzed, age, and sex, exist in CHRM1 and CHRM3 brain levels both in NDHC subjects and in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sanfilippo
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Loretta Giuliano
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Castrogiovanni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Imbesi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Ulivieri
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
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Zhang H, Xu D, Wang Y, Lei X. The Relation Between the Power of Prefrontal Gamma in Rest-state EEG Under Normal Sleep and Reactive Aggression Behaviour After Sleep Deprivation. Brain Topogr 2023; 36:42-51. [PMID: 36315300 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-022-00921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Whether sleep deprivation affects aggressive behaviour is still under debate. The present study examined the influence of individual differences in reactive aggressive behaviour after sleep deprivation and preliminarily explored an electrophysiological marker to identify individuals with more aggressive behaviour after sleep deprivation. Thirty participants performed the Taylor Aggression Paradigm task under two sleep conditions: normal sleep (NS, one night of regular sleep) and total sleep deprivation (SD, 30 h of wakefulness), and 5-minute resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) acquisition was completed under the NS condition. The results found that although sleep deprivation did not have significant effects on aggressive behaviour in the overall analysis, the participants can be classified as an increased group (n = 16) and a no-increased group (n = 14) by different changes in the two sleep conditions (SD-NS). In addition, prefrontal gamma (γ) power was significantly lower in the increased group than in the no-increased group, which may reflect the difference in ability on inhibition. Furthermore, more critical is that γ power was significantly negatively correlated with change in the reactive aggressive behaviour. These results indicate that the effect of SD on reactive aggression varies between individuals, and prefrontal γ power may be an effective electrophysiological marker for identifying people at risk of aggressive behaviour after SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Zhang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, 400715, Chongqing, China.
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Genetic Mapping of Behavioral Traits Using the Collaborative Cross Resource. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010682. [PMID: 36614124 PMCID: PMC9821145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The complicated interactions between genetic background, environment and lifestyle factors make it difficult to study the genetic basis of complex phenotypes, such as cognition and anxiety levels, in humans. However, environmental and other factors can be tightly controlled in mouse studies. The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a mouse genetic reference population whose common genetic and phenotypic diversity is on par with that of humans. Therefore, we leveraged the power of the CC to assess 52 behavioral measures associated with locomotor activity, anxiety level, learning and memory. This is the first application of the CC in novel object recognition tests, Morris water maze tasks, and fear conditioning tests. We found substantial continuous behavioral variations across the CC strains tested, and mapped six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) which influenced these traits, defining candidate genetic variants underlying these QTLs. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of the CC population in behavioral genetic research, while the identified genomic loci and genes driving the variation of relevant behavioral traits provide a foundation for further studies.
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钟 琳, 张 静, 高 小, 何 红, 左 彭, 宋 然. [Influence of sleep quality on symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the mediating role of working memory]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2022; 24:1365-1370. [PMID: 36544420 PMCID: PMC9785091 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2206147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the mediating role of working memory between sleep quality and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS The cluster random sampling method was used to select 110 ADHD children and 124 normal children as subjects from grade 3-5 students in two primary schools in Kashgar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. SNAP-IV, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and visual-spatial working memory paradigm were used for investigation and comparison. RESULTS Compared with the normal group, the ADHD group had a significantly higher total score of PSQI and scores of subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, and a higher incidence of sleep quality problems (P<0.001). The working memory score in the ADHD group was significantly lower than that in the normal group (P<0.001). In the ADHD group, the working memory score was negatively correlated with the total score of PSQI (rs=-0.271, P<0.001) and the score of symptoms (rs=-0.439, P<0.001), and the total score of PSQI was positively correlated with the score of symptoms (rs=0.540, P<0.001). Working memory had a partial mediating effect in the influence of sleep quality on symptoms in children with ADHD, accounting for 18.10% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Sleep quality issues are observed in some children with ADHD, and working memory plays a mediating role between sleep quality and symptoms in ADHD children.
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Qin H, Fu L, Jian T, Jin W, Liang M, Li J, Chen Q, Yang X, Du H, Liao X, Zhang K, Wang R, Liang S, Yao J, Hu B, Ren S, Zhang C, Wang Y, Hu Z, Jia H, Konnerth A, Chen X. REM sleep-active hypothalamic neurons may contribute to hippocampal social-memory consolidation. Neuron 2022; 110:4000-4014.e6. [PMID: 36272414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampal CA2 region plays a key role in social memory. The encoding of such memory involves afferent activity from the hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) to CA2. However, the neuronal circuits required for consolidation of freshly encoded social memory remain unknown. Here, we used circuit-specific optical and single-cell electrophysiological recordings in mice to explore the role of sleep in social memory consolidation and its underlying circuit mechanism. We found that SuM neurons projecting to CA2 were highly active during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep but not during non-REM sleep or quiet wakefulness. REM-sleep-selective optogenetic silencing of these neurons impaired social memory. By contrast, the silencing of another group of REM sleep-active SuM neurons that projects to the dentate gyrus had no effect on social memory. Therefore, we provide causal evidence that the REM sleep-active hypothalamic neurons that project to CA2 are specifically required for the consolidation of social memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qin
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Ling Fu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tingliang Jian
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenjun Jin
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mengru Liang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jin Li
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qianwei Chen
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Haoran Du
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiang Liao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Kuan Zhang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiwei Yao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shuancheng Ren
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yanjiang Wang
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhian Hu
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hongbo Jia
- Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany; Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; Combinatorial NeuroImaging Core Facility, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Konnerth
- Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing 400064, China.
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43
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Amoah DK. Advances in the understanding and enhancement of the human cognitive functions of learning and memory. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2022.9050023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory are among the key cognitive functions that drive the human experience. As such, any defective condition associated with these cognitive domains could affect our navigation through everyday life. For years, researchers have been working toward having a clear understanding of how learning and memory work, as well as ways to improve them. Many advances have been made, as well as some challenges that have also been faced in the process. That notwithstanding, there are prospects with regards to the frontier of the enhancement of learning and memory in humans. This review article selectively highlights four broad areas of focus in research into the understanding and enhancement of learning and memory. Brain stimulation, effects of sleep, effects of stress and emotion, and synaptic plasticity are the main focal areas of this review, in terms of some pivotal research works, findings and theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kofi Amoah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra LG 25, Ghana
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44
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Du P, Du C, Wang R, Zhu H, Hua H, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Qian H. Caffeine combined with taurine improves cognitive function and locomotor performance in sleep-deprived mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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45
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Wang Z, Fei X, Liu X, Wang Y, Hu Y, Peng W, Wang YW, Zhang S, Xu M. REM sleep is associated with distinct global cortical dynamics and controlled by occipital cortex. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6896. [PMID: 36371399 PMCID: PMC9653484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is spontaneously active during sleep, yet it is unclear how this global cortical activity is spatiotemporally organized, and whether such activity not only reflects sleep states but also contributes to sleep state switching. Here we report that cortex-wide calcium imaging in mice revealed distinct sleep stage-dependent spatiotemporal patterns of global cortical activity, and modulation of such patterns could regulate sleep state switching. In particular, elevated activation in the occipital cortical regions (including the retrosplenial cortex and visual areas) became dominant during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Furthermore, such pontogeniculooccipital (PGO) wave-like activity was associated with transitions to REM sleep, and optogenetic inhibition of occipital activity strongly promoted deep sleep by suppressing the NREM-to-REM transition. Thus, whereas subcortical networks are critical for initiating and maintaining sleep and wakefulness states, distinct global cortical activity also plays an active role in controlling sleep states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Fei
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Hu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - Wanling Peng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-wei Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China ,grid.511008.dShanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, 201210 Shanghai, China
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46
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Leisman G. On the Application of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience in Educational Environments. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1501. [PMID: 36358427 PMCID: PMC9688360 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper overviews components of neurologic processing efficiencies to develop innovative methodologies and thinking to school-based applications and changes in educational leadership based on sound findings in the cognitive neurosciences applied to schools and learners. Systems science can allow us to better manage classroom-based learning and instruction on the basis of relatively easily evaluated efficiencies or inefficiencies and optimization instead of simply examining achievement. "Medicalizing" the learning process with concepts such as "learning disability" or employing grading methods such as pass-fail does little to aid in understanding the processes that learners employ to acquire, integrate, remember, and apply information learned. The paper endeavors to overview and provided reference to tools that can be employed that allow a better focus on nervous system-based strategic approaches to classroom learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Leisman
- Movement and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; or
- Department of Neurology, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana, Havana 11300, Cuba
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Seok SC, McDevitt E, Mednick SC, Malerba P. Global and non-Global slow oscillations differentiate in their depth profiles. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 2:947618. [PMID: 36926094 PMCID: PMC10013040 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2022.947618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Sleep slow oscillations (SOs, 0.5-1.5 Hz) are thought to organize activity across cortical and subcortical structures, leading to selective synaptic changes that mediate consolidation of recent memories. Currently, the specific mechanism that allows for this selectively coherent activation across brain regions is not understood. Our previous research has shown that SOs can be classified on the scalp as Global, Local or Frontal, where Global SOs are found in most electrodes within a short time delay and gate long-range information flow during NREM sleep. The functional significance of space-time profiles of SOs hinges on testing if these differential SOs scalp profiles are mirrored by differential depth structure of SOs in the brain. In this study, we built an analytical framework to allow for the characterization of SO depth profiles in space-time across cortical and sub-cortical regions. To test if the two SO types could be differentiated in their cortical-subcortical activity, we trained 30 machine learning classification algorithms to distinguish Global and non-Global SOs within each individual, and repeated this analysis for light (Stage 2, S2) and deep (slow wave sleep, SWS) NREM stages separately. Multiple algorithms reached high performance across all participants, in particular algorithms based on k-nearest neighbors classification principles. Univariate feature ranking and selection showed that the most differentiating features for Global vs. non-Global SOs appeared around the trough of the SO, and in regions including cortex, thalamus, caudate nucleus, and brainstem. Results also indicated that differentiation during S2 required an extended network of current from cortical-subcortical regions, including all regions found in SWS and other basal ganglia regions, and amygdala and hippocampus, suggesting a potential functional differentiation in the role of Global SOs in S2 vs. SWS. We interpret our results as supporting the potential functional difference of Global and non-Global SOs in sleep dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Cheol Seok
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Sara C. Mednick
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Paola Malerba
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- School of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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48
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Malcom DR. The Power of Sleep to Transform Learning and Knowledge Retention. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2022; 86:8915. [PMID: 34716139 PMCID: PMC10159460 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Malcom
- Sullivan University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Louisville, Kentucky
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Slow-oscillatory tACS does not modulate human motor cortical response to repeated plasticity paradigms. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2965-2979. [PMID: 36173425 PMCID: PMC9587974 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Previous history of activity and learning modulates synaptic plasticity and can lead to saturation of synaptic connections. According to the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis, neural oscillations during slow-wave sleep play an important role in restoring plasticity within a functional range. However, it is not known whether slow-wave oscillations—without the concomitant requirement of sleep—play a causal role in human synaptic homeostasis. Here, we aimed to answer this question using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to induce slow-oscillatory activity in awake human participants. tACS was interleaved between two plasticity-inducing interventions: motor learning, and paired associative stimulation (PAS). The hypothesis tested was that slow-oscillatory tACS would prevent homeostatic interference between motor learning and PAS, and facilitate plasticity from these successive interventions. Thirty-six participants received sham and active fronto-motor tACS in two separate sessions, along with electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, while a further 38 participants received tACS through a control montage. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded throughout the session to quantify plasticity changes after the different interventions, and the data were analysed with Bayesian statistics. As expected, there was converging evidence that motor training led to excitatory plasticity. Importantly, we found moderate evidence against an effect of active tACS in restoring PAS plasticity, and no evidence of lasting entrainment of slow oscillations in the EEG. This suggests that, under the conditions tested here, slow-oscillatory tACS does not modulate synaptic homeostasis in the motor system of awake humans.
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50
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Ganz M, Jacobs M, Alessandro C, Sabzanov S, Karp A, Wei L, Miller D. Physical Activity and Sleeping Duration Among Adolescents in the US. Cureus 2022; 14:e29669. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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