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Fasaeiyan N, Jung S, Boudreault R, Arenson LU, Maghoul P. A review on mathematical modeling of microbial and plant induced permafrost carbon feedback. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173144. [PMID: 38768718 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This review paper analyses the significance of microbial activity in permafrost carbon feedback (PCF) and emphasizes the necessity for enhanced modeling tools to appropriately predict carbon fluxes associated with permafrost thaw. Beginning with an overview of experimental findings, both in situ and laboratory, it stresses the key role of microbes and plants in PCF. The research investigates several modeling techniques, starting with current models of soil respiration and plant-microorganism interactions built outside of the context of permafrost, and then moving on to specific models dedicated to PCF. The review of the current literature reveals the complex nature of permafrost ecosystems, where various geophysical factors have considerable effects on greenhouse gas emissions. Soil properties, plant types, and time scales all contribute to carbon dynamics. Process-based models are widely used for simulating greenhouse gas production, transport, and emissions. While these models are beneficial at capturing soil respiration complexity, adjusting them to the unique constraints of permafrost environments often calls for novel process descriptions for proper representation. Understanding the temporal coherence and time delays between surface soil respiration and subsurface carbon production, which are controlled by numerous parameters such as soil texture, water content, and temperature, remains a challenge. This review highlights the need for comprehensive models that integrate thermo-hydro-biogeochemical processes to understand permafrost system dynamics in the context of changing climatic circumstances. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for rigorous validation procedures to reduce model complexity biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Fasaeiyan
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Geoengineering Lab (SIGLab), Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Jung
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Geoengineering Lab (SIGLab), Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Boudreault
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Geoengineering Lab (SIGLab), Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Pooneh Maghoul
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Geoengineering Lab (SIGLab), Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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2
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Zhang Q, Yi C, Destouni G, Wohlfahrt G, Kuzyakov Y, Li R, Kutter E, Chen D, Rietkerk M, Manzoni S, Tian Z, Hendrey G, Fang W, Krakauer N, Hugelius G, Jarsjo J, Han J, Xu S. Water limitation regulates positive feedback of increased ecosystem respiration. Nat Ecol Evol 2024:10.1038/s41559-024-02501-w. [PMID: 39112661 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystem respiration increases exponentially with temperature, constituting a positive feedback loop accelerating global warming. However, the response of ecosystem respiration to temperature strongly depends on water availability, yet where and when the water effects are important, is presently poorly constrained, introducing uncertainties in climate-carbon cycle feedback projections. Here, we disentangle the effects of temperature and precipitation (a proxy for water availability) on ecosystem respiration by analysing eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements across 212 globally distributed sites. We reveal a threshold precipitation function, determined by the balance between precipitation and ecosystem water demand, which separates temperature-limited and water-limited respiration. Respiration is temperature limited for precipitation above that threshold function, whereas in drier areas water limitation reduces the temperature sensitivity of respiration and its positive feedback to global warming. If the trend of expansion of water-limited areas with warming climate over the last decades continues, the positive feedback of ecosystem respiration is likely to be weakened and counteracted by the increasing water limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Institution of Water and Environment Research, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chuixiang Yi
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ökologie, Innsbruck, Austria.
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA.
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Georgia Destouni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ökologie, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Runze Li
- Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Eric Kutter
- Barry Commoner Center for Health & the Environment, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Deliang Chen
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Max Rietkerk
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhenkun Tian
- Department of Mathematics and Computer, China University of Labor Relations, Beijing, China
| | - George Hendrey
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Biology, Pace University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nir Krakauer
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Civil Engineering, The City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jerker Jarsjo
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianxu Han
- Institution of Water and Environment Research, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shiguo Xu
- Institution of Water and Environment Research, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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Zhang H, Zhou Y, Hao Y, Yang Y, Lü Y, Lü XT, Yang Y, Pan Q, Han X, Wen L, Liu W. Interannual fluctuations in precipitation shape the trajectory of ecosystem respiration along a grazing exclusion chronosequence in a typical steppe in Inner Mongolia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121775. [PMID: 38991343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Grazing exclusion (GE), as an effective strategy for revitalizing degraded grasslands, possesses the potential to increase ecosystem respiration (Re) and significantly influence the capacity of grassland soils to sequester carbon. However, our current grasp of Re dynamics in response to varying durations of GE, particularly in the context of precipitation fluctuations, remains incomplete. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a monitoring of Re over a 40-year GE chronosequence within Inner Mongolia temperate typical steppe across two distinct hydrologically years. Overall, Re exhibited a gradual saturation curve and an increasing trend with the duration of GE in the wet year of 2021 and the normal precipitation year of 2022, respectively. The variance primarily stemmed from relatively higher microbial biomass carbon observed in the short-term GE during 2022 in contrast to 2021. Moreover, the impacts of GE on the sensitivities of Re to moisture and temperature were intricately tied to precipitation patterns. increasing significantly with prolonged GE duration in 2022 but not in 2021. Our study highlights the intricate interplay between GE duration, precipitation variability, and Re dynamics. This deeper understanding enhances our ability to predict and manage carbon cycling within typical steppe in Inner Mongolia, offering invaluable insights for effective restoration strategies and climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolia Plateau, Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, College of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Yiqing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxiang Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Lü
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Grassland and Emergency Response Technic, Hohhot, China
| | - Qingmin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolia Plateau, Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, College of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
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Pan Y, Wu J, Liu G, Liu W, Ma L. Differential responses of temperature sensitivity of greenhouse gases emission to seasonal variations in plateau riparian zones. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 353:124190. [PMID: 38782159 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Riparian zones, regarded as hotspots for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, where the variation in temperature sensitivity (Q10) of GHG emissions is crucial for assessing GHG budgets under global warming. However, the seasonal Q10 of GHG emissions from high-elevation riparian zones and underlying microbial mechanisms are poorly documented. This study focuses on seasonal Q10 patterns of GHG emissions from riparian zones along the Lhasa River on the Tibetan Plateau. CO2 and CH4 emissions from riparian soils were more sensitive to temperature in spring than in summer. The opposite trend was observed for Q10 of N2O emissions. Soil organic carbon (SOC) had relatively large direct effects on the Q10-CO2 value in summer, whereas soil nitrate nitrogen (SNO3--N) was the determinant of Q10-CO2 value in spring. mcrA:pmoA and soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) had strong direct effects on the Q10 of CH4 emissions in summer; the Q10-CH4 value in spring was significantly affected by the mcrA abundance. SMBC and the nirK + nirS abundance were key factors affecting the Q10-N2O value. Q10-CO2 and Q10-CH4 values exhibited strong seasonalities in the lower reaches of riparian soils, mainly due to the seasonalities of SNO3--N and mcrA:pmoA, respectively. The Q10-N2O value in the middle and upper reaches of riparian soils presented seasonality, which was largely due to the seasonalities of soil ammonia nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon. During thawing, plant productivity increased, substrate carbon was sufficient, microbial biomass increased, and inorganic nitorgen and denitrifier abundance decreased, causing 29.67% and 37.47% decreases in the Q10-CO2 and Q10-CH4 values, respectively, and a 70.85% increase in the Q10-N2O value, indicating that the potential release of N2O from riparian zones along the plateau river was more susceptible to seasonal variations. Our findings are conducive to accurately evaluating the potential contribution of GHG emissions from high-elevation riparian zones to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtai Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Junjun Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Guihua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Lin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Zhu G, Zhang K, Huang H, He L, Xu C, Chen H, Su Y, Zhang Y, Fan H, Wang B. Exploring the ecological meanings of temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration from different methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171403. [PMID: 38431173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Temperature sensitivity (Q10) of ecosystem respiration (Re) is a critical parameter for predicting global terrestrial carbon dynamics and its response to climate warming. However, the determination of Q10 has been controversial. In this study, we scrutinized the underpinnings of three mainstream methods to reveal their relationships in estimating Q10 for Re in the Heihe River Basin, northwest China. Specifically, these methods are Q10 estimated from the long-term method (Q10_long), short-term method (Q10_short), and the low-frequency (Q10_lf) and high-frequency (Q10_hf) signals decomposed by the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) method. We found that: 1) Q10_lf and Q10_long are affected by the confounding effects caused by non-temperature factors, and are 1.8 ± 0.3 and 1.7 ± 0.3, respectively. 2) The high-frequency signals of the SSA method and short-term method have consistent roles in removing the confounding effects. Both Q10_short and Q10_hf reflect the actual response of respiration to temperature. 3) Overall, Q10_long has a larger variability (1.7 ± 0.3) across different biomes, whereas Q10_short and Q10_hf show convergence (1.4 ± 0.2 and 1.3 ± 0.1, respectively). These results highlight the fact that Q10 can be overestimated by the long-term method, whereas the short-term method and high-frequency signals decomposed by the SSA method can obtain closer and convergent values after removing the confounding effects driven by non-temperature factors. Therefore, it is recommended to use the Q10 value estimated by the short-term method or high-frequency signals decomposed by the SSA method to predict carbon dynamics and its response to global warming in Earth system models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Heng Huang
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shen Zhen 518107, China
| | - Liyang He
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cong Xu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huiling Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yonghong Su
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuzhong Zhang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haochen Fan
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Boyuan Wang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Chen B, Lu Q, Wei L, Fu W, Wei Z, Tian S. Global predictions of topsoil organic carbon stocks under changing climate in the 21st century. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168448. [PMID: 37963520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The organic carbon (OC) stored in global topsoil (0-30 cm) will be the most active participant in the carbon cycle under future climate change. Due to differences in focus regions or research methods, the spatio-temporal changes of future global topsoil OC stocks and how they will be affected by climate change are not systematically understood, which needs to be further explored. In this study, we developed data-driven models to predict the spatio-temporal dynamics of global topsoil OC stocks by combining 32,579 soil profiles with environmental variables and comprehensively explored the impact of future climate change on topsoil OC. It was found that the topsoil OC stocks were 1249.29 Pg in the baseline period (1971-1990). By 2100, under the normal and high representative concentration paths, it is predicted that the global topsoil OC stocks will decrease by 113.67 ± 25.93 Pg and 193.71 ± 39.76 Pg, respectively. In the future, the largest global topsoil carbon loss will occur in boreal forest areas, which are expected to lose 17.03-27.90 % (66.01-108.13Pg) of their carbon stocks. The influence of climate on topsoil OC stocks is mainly manifested in temperature, which has a negative influence on the global topsoil OC stock, and the contribution rate of temperature to the effect on the global topsoil OC stock is about 26.96 %. Overall, our results provide a high spatio-temporal resolution assessment of global topsoil OC stocks and their relationship to environmental factors, and highlight the spatial heterogeneity, which has been generally ignored in many experimental frameworks and prediction models. These results will help governments to make appropriate management decisions to mitigate climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qikai Lu
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Lifei Wei
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring and Supervision in Southern Hilly Region, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changsha 410118, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Wenqiang Fu
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zeyang Wei
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shuang Tian
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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He C, Harindintwali JD, Cui H, Cui Y, Chen P, Mo C, Zhu Q, Zheng W, Alessi DS, Wang F, Jiang Z, Yang J. Deciphering the dual role of bacterial communities in stabilizing rhizosphere priming effect under intra-annual change of growing seasons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166777. [PMID: 37660826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere priming effect (RPE) is a widely observed phenomenon affecting carbon (C) turnover in plant-soil systems. While multiple cropping and seasonal changes can have significant impacts on RPE, the mechanisms driving these processes are complex and not yet fully understood. Here, we planted maize in paddy soil during two growing seasons having substantial temperature differences [May-August (warm season, 26.6 °C) and September-November (cool season, 23.1 °C)] within the same calendar year in southern China to examine how seasonal changes affect RPEs and soil C. We identified sources of C emissions by quantifying the natural abundance of 13C and determined microbial metabolic limitations or efficiency and functional genes related to C cycling using an enzyme-based biogeochemical equilibrium model and high-throughput quantitative PCR-based chip technology, respectively. Results showed that microbial metabolism was mainly limited by phosphorus in the warm season, but by C in the cool season, resulting in positive RPEs in both growing seasons, but no significant differences (9.02 vs. 6.27 mg C kg-1 soil day-1). The RPE intensity remained stable as temperature increased (warm season compared to a cool season), which can be largely explained by the simultaneous increase in the abundance of functional genes related to both C degradation and fixation. Our study highlights the simultaneous response and adaptation of microbial communities to seasonal changes and hence contributes to an understanding and prediction of microbially mediated soil C turnover under multiple cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jean Damascene Harindintwali
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongxing Cui
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoyang Mo
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Fang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenhui Jiang
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jingping Yang
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Sierra CA, Quetin GR, Metzler H, Müller M. A decrease in the age of respired carbon from the terrestrial biosphere and increase in the asymmetry of its distribution. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220200. [PMID: 37807689 PMCID: PMC10642774 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
We provide here a model-based estimate of the transit time of carbon through the terrestrial biosphere, since the time of carbon uptake through photosynthesis until its release through respiration. We explored the consequences of increasing productivity versus increasing respiration rates on the transit time distribution and found that while higher respiration rates induced by higher temperature increase the transit time because older carbon is respired, increases in productivity cause a decline in transit times because more young carbon is available to supply increased metabolism. The combined effect of increases in temperature and productivity results in a decrease in transit times, with the productivity effect dominating over the respiration effect. By using an ensemble of simulation trajectories from the Carbon Data Model Framework (CARDAMOM), we obtained time-dependent transit time distributions incorporating the twentieth century global change. In these simulations, transit time declined over the twentieth century, suggesting an increased productivity effect that augmented the amount of respired young carbon, but also increasing the release of old carbon from high latitudes. The transit time distribution of carbon becomes more asymmetric over time, with more carbon transiting faster through tropical and temperate regions, and older carbon being respired from high latitude regions. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Radiocarbon in the Anthropocene'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Sierra
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Gregory R. Quetin
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Holger Metzler
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena 07745, Germany
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala 75651, Sweden
| | - Markus Müller
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena 07745, Germany
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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9
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Chen W, Wang S, Wang J, Xia J, Luo Y, Yu G, Niu S. Evidence for widespread thermal optimality of ecosystem respiration. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1379-1387. [PMID: 37488227 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem respiration (ER) is among the largest carbon fluxes between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Understanding the temperature response of ER is crucial for predicting the climate change-carbon cycle feedback. However, whether there is an apparent optimum temperature of ER ([Formula: see text]) and how it changes with temperature remain poorly understood. Here we analyse the temperature response curves of ER at 212 sites from global FLUXNET. We find that ER at 183 sites shows parabolic temperature response curves and [Formula: see text] at which ER reaches the maximum exists widely across biomes around the globe. Among the 15 biotic and abiotic variables examined, [Formula: see text] is mostly related to the optimum temperature of gross primary production (GPP, [Formula: see text]) and annual maximum daily temperature (Tmax). In addition, [Formula: see text] linearly increases with Tmax across sites and over vegetation types, suggesting its thermal adaptation. The adaptation magnitude of [Formula: see text], which is measured by the change in [Formula: see text] per unit change in Tmax, is positively correlated with the adaptation magnitude of [Formula: see text]. This study provides evidence of the widespread existence of [Formula: see text] and its thermal adaptation with Tmax across different biomes around the globe. Our findings suggest that carbon cycle models that consider the existence of [Formula: see text] and its adaptation have the potential to more realistically predict terrestrial carbon sequestration in a world with changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
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10
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Voigt C, Virkkala AM, Hould Gosselin G, Bennett KA, Black TA, Detto M, Chevrier-Dion C, Guggenberger G, Hashmi W, Kohl L, Kou D, Marquis C, Marsh P, Marushchak ME, Nesic Z, Nykänen H, Saarela T, Sauheitl L, Walker B, Weiss N, Wilcox EJ, Sonnentag O. Arctic soil methane sink increases with drier conditions and higher ecosystem respiration. NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE 2023; 13:1095-1104. [PMID: 37810622 PMCID: PMC10550823 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Arctic wetlands are known methane (CH4) emitters but recent studies suggest that the Arctic CH4 sink strength may be underestimated. Here we explore the capacity of well-drained Arctic soils to consume atmospheric CH4 using >40,000 hourly flux observations and spatially distributed flux measurements from 4 sites and 14 surface types. While consumption of atmospheric CH4 occurred at all sites at rates of 0.092 ± 0.011 mgCH4 m-2 h-1 (mean ± s.e.), CH4 uptake displayed distinct diel and seasonal patterns reflecting ecosystem respiration. Combining in situ flux data with laboratory investigations and a machine learning approach, we find biotic drivers to be highly important. Soil moisture outweighed temperature as an abiotic control and higher CH4 uptake was linked to increased availability of labile carbon. Our findings imply that soil drying and enhanced nutrient supply will promote CH4 uptake by Arctic soils, providing a negative feedback to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Voigt
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Département de géographie & Centre d’études nordiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec Canada
- Institute of Soil Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Gabriel Hould Gosselin
- Département de géographie & Centre d’études nordiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec Canada
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies & Cold Regions Research Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario Canada
| | - Kathryn A. Bennett
- Département de géographie & Centre d’études nordiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec Canada
| | - T. Andrew Black
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Matteo Detto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Charles Chevrier-Dion
- Département de géographie & Centre d’études nordiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec Canada
| | - Georg Guggenberger
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wasi Hashmi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lukas Kohl
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Dan Kou
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Charlotte Marquis
- Département de géographie & Centre d’études nordiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec Canada
| | - Philip Marsh
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies & Cold Regions Research Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario Canada
| | - Maija E. Marushchak
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Zoran Nesic
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Hannu Nykänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taija Saarela
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leopold Sauheitl
- Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Branden Walker
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies & Cold Regions Research Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario Canada
| | - Niels Weiss
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies & Cold Regions Research Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario Canada
- Northwest Territories Geological Survey, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories Canada
| | - Evan J. Wilcox
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies & Cold Regions Research Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario Canada
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Département de géographie & Centre d’études nordiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec Canada
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11
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Sun W, Luo X, Fang Y, Shiga YP, Zhang Y, Fisher JB, Keenan TF, Michalak AM. Biome-scale temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration revealed by atmospheric CO 2 observations. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1199-1210. [PMID: 37322104 PMCID: PMC10406605 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration regulates how the terrestrial carbon sink responds to a warming climate but has been difficult to constrain observationally beyond the plot scale. Here we use observations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations from a network of towers together with carbon flux estimates from state-of-the-art terrestrial biosphere models to characterize the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration, as represented by the Arrhenius activation energy, over various North American biomes. We infer activation energies of 0.43 eV for North America and 0.38 eV to 0.53 eV for major biomes therein, which are substantially below those reported for plot-scale studies (approximately 0.65 eV). This discrepancy suggests that sparse plot-scale observations do not capture the spatial-scale dependence and biome specificity of the temperature sensitivity. We further show that adjusting the apparent temperature sensitivity in model estimates markedly improves their ability to represent observed atmospheric CO2 variability. This study provides observationally constrained estimates of the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration directly at the biome scale and reveals that temperature sensitivities at this scale are lower than those based on earlier plot-scale studies. These findings call for additional work to assess the resilience of large-scale carbon sinks to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Sun
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Xiangzhong Luo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Bay Area Air Quality Management District, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yoichi P Shiga
- Universities Space Research Association, Mountain View, CA, USA
- , San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Joshua B Fisher
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anna M Michalak
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA.
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12
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Ueyama M, Knox SH, Delwiche KB, Bansal S, Riley WJ, Baldocchi D, Hirano T, McNicol G, Schafer K, Windham-Myers L, Poulter B, Jackson RB, Chang KY, Chen J, Chu H, Desai AR, Gogo S, Iwata H, Kang M, Mammarella I, Peichl M, Sonnentag O, Tuittila ES, Ryu Y, Euskirchen ES, Göckede M, Jacotot A, Nilsson MB, Sachs T. Modeled production, oxidation, and transport processes of wetland methane emissions in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2313-2334. [PMID: 36630533 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4 ) to the atmosphere. The eddy covariance method provides robust measurements of net ecosystem exchange of CH4 , but interpreting its spatiotemporal variations is challenging due to the co-occurrence of CH4 production, oxidation, and transport dynamics. Here, we estimate these three processes using a data-model fusion approach across 25 wetlands in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions. Our data-constrained model-iPEACE-reasonably reproduced CH4 emissions at 19 of the 25 sites with normalized root mean square error of 0.59, correlation coefficient of 0.82, and normalized standard deviation of 0.87. Among the three processes, CH4 production appeared to be the most important process, followed by oxidation in explaining inter-site variations in CH4 emissions. Based on a sensitivity analysis, CH4 emissions were generally more sensitive to decreased water table than to increased gross primary productivity or soil temperature. For periods with leaf area index (LAI) of ≥20% of its annual peak, plant-mediated transport appeared to be the major pathway for CH4 transport. Contributions from ebullition and diffusion were relatively high during low LAI (<20%) periods. The lag time between CH4 production and CH4 emissions tended to be short in fen sites (3 ± 2 days) and long in bog sites (13 ± 10 days). Based on a principal component analysis, we found that parameters for CH4 production, plant-mediated transport, and diffusion through water explained 77% of the variance in the parameters across the 19 sites, highlighting the importance of these parameters for predicting wetland CH4 emissions across biomes. These processes and associated parameters for CH4 emissions among and within the wetlands provide useful insights for interpreting observed net CH4 fluxes, estimating sensitivities to biophysical variables, and modeling global CH4 fluxes.
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Grants
- JPMXD1420318865 Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II
- 1936752 Arctic Observatory Program of the National Science Foundation
- 1503912 Arctic Observatory Program of the National Science Foundation
- 1107892 Arctic Observatory Program of the National Science Foundation
- NSF DEB-1026415 Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program funded by the National Science Foundation
- DEB-1636476 Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Program funded by the National Science Foundation
- California Department of Water Resources, CA Fish and Wildlife
- Canada Research Chairs, Canada Foundation for Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund
- 3119871 ICOS-Finland
- 20K21849 JSPS KAKENHI
- 2022003640002 Ministry of Environment of Korea
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Discovery Grant Programs
- NSF LTREB 2011276 NSF Long-Term Research in Environmental Biology Program
- Reducing Uncertainties in Biogeochemical Interactions through Synthesis and Computation (RUBISCO) Scientific Focus Area, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
- PJ014892022022 Rural Development Administration
- SNO Tourbières, CNRS-INSU
- DE-AC02-05CH11231 U.S. Department of Energy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Ecosystems Mission Area, Land Change Science Program
- 7544821 US DOE Ameriflux
- Order 224 US Geological Survey, Research Work
- VH-NG-821 Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
- 341348 Academy of Finland project N-PERM
- 101056921 Horizon Europe project GreenFeedBack
- U.S. Geological Survey, John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis
- U.S. Geological Survey, Water Mission Area, Earth Systems Processes Division
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Sara H Knox
- Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kyle B Delwiche
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Sheel Bansal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North Dakota, USA
| | - William J Riley
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Karina Schafer
- Department of Earth and Env Science, Rutgers University Newark, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert B Jackson
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kuang-Yu Chang
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jiquen Chen
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Housen Chu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ankur R Desai
- Dept of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sébastien Gogo
- ECOBIO (Écosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution), Université Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Hiroki Iwata
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Minseok Kang
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Université de Montréal, Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Youngryel Ryu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eugénie S Euskirchen
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Mathias Göckede
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Department of Biogeochemical Signals, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Liu M, Bai X, Tan Q, Luo G, Zhao C, Wu L, Chen F, Li C, Yang Y, Ran C, Luo X, Zhang S. Climate change enhanced the positive contribution of human activities to net ecosystem productivity from 1983 to 2018. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAccurate assessment of the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) is very important for understanding the global carbon balance. However, it remains unknown whether climate change (CC) promoted or weakened the impact of human activities (HA) on the NEP from 1983 to 2018.MethodsHere, we quantified the contribution of CC and HA to the global NEP under six different scenarios based on a boosted regression tree model and sensitivity analysis over the last 40 years.Results and discussionThe results show that (1) a total of 69% of the areas showed an upward trend in the NEP, with HA and CC controlled 36.33 and 32.79% of the NEP growth, respectively. The contribution of HA (HA_con) far exceeded that of CC by 6.4 times. (2) The CO2 concentration had the largest positive contribution (37%) to NEP and the largest influence area (32.5%). It made the most significant contribution to the NEP trend in the range of 435–440 ppm. In more than 50% of the areas, the main loss factor was solar radiation (SR) in any control area of the climate factors. (3) Interestingly, CC enhanced the positive HA_con to the NEP in 44% of the world, and in 25% of the area, the effect was greater than 50%. Our results shed light on the optimal range of each climatic factor for enhancing the NEP and emphasize the important role of CC in enhancing the positive HA_con to the NEP found in previous studies.
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14
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Berlinches de Gea A, Hautier Y, Geisen S. Interactive effects of global change drivers as determinants of the link between soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:296-307. [PMID: 36281756 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity, both aboveground and belowground, is negatively affected by global changes such as drought or warming. This loss of biodiversity impacts Earth's ecosystems, as there is a positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF). Even though soils host a large fraction of biodiversity that underlies major ecosystem functions, studies exploring the relationship between soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (sBEF) as influenced by global change drivers (GCDs) remain scarce. Here we highlight the need to decipher sBEF relationships under the effect of interactive GCDs that are intimately connected in a changing world. We first state that sBEF relationships depend on the type of function (e.g., C cycling or decomposition) and biodiversity facet (e.g., abundance, species richness, or biomass) considered. Then, we shed light on the impact of single and interactive GCDs on soil biodiversity and sBEF and show that results from scarce studies studying interactive effects range from antagonistic to additive to synergistic when two individual GCDs cooccur. This indicates the need for studies quantitatively accounting for the impacts of interactive GCDs on sBEF relationships. Finally, we provide guidelines for optimized methodological and experimental approaches to study sBEF in a changing world that will provide more valuable information on the real impact of (interactive) GCDs on sBEF. Together, we highlight the need to decipher the sBEF relationship in soils to better understand soil functioning under ongoing global changes, as changes in sBEF are of immediate importance for ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Li A, Zhang Y, Li C, Deng Q, Fang H, Dai T, Chen C, Wang J, Fan Z, Shi W, Zhao B, Tao Q, Huang R, Li Y, Zhou W, Wu D, Yuan D, Wilson JP, Li Q. Divergent responses of cropland soil organic carbon to warming across the Sichuan Basin of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158323. [PMID: 36037885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cropland soils are considered to have the potential to sequester carbon (C). Warming can increase soil organic C (SOC) by enhancing primary production, but it can also cause carbon release from soils. However, the role of warming in governing cropland SOC dynamics over broad geographic scales remains poorly understood. Using over 4000 soil samples collected in the 1980s and 2010s across the Sichuan Basin of China, this study assessed the warming-induced cropland SOC change and the correlations with precipitation, cropland type and soil type. Results showed mean SOC content increased from 11.10 to 13.85 g C kg-1. Larger SOC increments were observed under drier conditions (precipitation < 1050 mm, dryland and paddy-dryland rotation cropland), which were 1.67-2.23 times higher than under wetter conditions (precipitation > 1050 mm and paddy fields). Despite the significant associations of SOC increment with crop productivity, precipitation, fertilization, cropland type and soil type, warming also acted as one of major contributors to cropland SOC change. The SOC increment changed parabolically with the rise in temperature increase rate under relatively drier conditions, while temperature increase had no impact on cropland SOC increment under wetter conditions. Meanwhile, the patterns of the parabolical relationship varied with soil types in drylands, where the threshold of temperature increase rate, the point at which the SOC increment switched from increasing to decreasing with warming, was lower for clayey soils (Ali-Perudic Argosols) than for sandy soils (Purpli-Udic Cambosols). These results illustrate divergent responses of cropland SOC to warming under different environments, which were contingent on water conditions and soil types. Our findings emphasize the importance of formulating appropriate field water management for sustainable C sequestration and the necessity of incorporating environment-specific mechanisms in Earth system models for better understanding of the soil C-climate feedback in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwen Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengji Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qian Deng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongyan Fang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianfei Dai
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Green Food Development Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chaoping Chen
- Meteorological Bureau of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zemeng Fan
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Wenjiao Shi
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiding Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Deyong Wu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dagang Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - John P Wilson
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0374, USA
| | - Qiquan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring, Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu 611130, China.
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16
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Chen S, Qian G, Ghanem B, Wang Y, Shu Z, Zhao X, Yang L, Liao X, Zheng Y. Quantitative and Real-Time Evaluation of Human Respiration Signals with a Shape-Conformal Wireless Sensing System. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203460. [PMID: 36089657 PMCID: PMC9661834 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Respiration signals reflect many underlying health conditions, including cardiopulmonary functions, autonomic disorders and respiratory distress, therefore continuous measurement of respiration is needed in various cases. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of effective portable electronic devices that meet the demands for medical and daily respiration monitoring. This work showcases a soft, wireless, and non-invasive device for quantitative and real-time evaluation of human respiration. This device simultaneously captures respiration and temperature signatures using customized capacitive and resistive sensors, encapsulated by a breathable layer, and does not limit the user's daily life. Further a machine learning-based respiration classification algorithm with a set of carefully studied features as inputs is proposed and it is deployed into mobile clients. The body status of users, such as being quiet, active and coughing, can be accurately recognized by the algorithm and displayed on clients. Moreover, multiple devices can be linked to a server network to monitor a group of users and provide each user with the statistical duration of physiological activities, coughing alerts, and body health advice. With these devices, individual and group respiratory health status can be quantitatively collected, analyzed, and stored for daily physiological signal detections as well as medical assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Guocheng Qian
- Visual Computing CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bernard Ghanem
- Visual Computing CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yongqing Wang
- School of Geophysics and Information TechnologyChina University of GeosciencesBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Zhou Shu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Xuefeng Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & SystemsSchool of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor‐Bearing SystemXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Xinqin Liao
- School of Electronic Science and EngineeringXiamen University422 Siming South RoadXiamen361005P. R. China
| | - Yuanjin Zheng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
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17
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Fu G, Sun W. Temperature sensitivities of vegetation indices and aboveground biomass are primarily linked with warming magnitude in high-cold grasslands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:157002. [PMID: 35772540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Incessant argument on whether temperature sensitivity of aboveground biomass is primarily linked with temperature itself (local air temperature and increased magnitudes in air temperature) or other environmental variables restrains our capability to exactly forecast upcoming alterations in grass yield and high-quality development of animal husbandry in high-cold areas. Consequently, since May 2010, a field warming trial with open-top containers was achieved in high-cold grasslands at three elevations (i.e. 4313, 4513 and 4693 m) of the Tibet. The temperature sensitivities of normalized different vegetation indices (Q1_NDVI), soil adjusted vegetation indices (Q1_SAVI) and aboveground biomass (Q1_AGB) were detected in 2014-2015 and 2017-2018. Temperature itself had the greatest exclusive impacts on the Q1_NDVI, Q1_SAVI and Q1_AGB. Vegetation indices itself or aboveground biomass itself had the second greatest exclusive impacts on the Q1_NDVI, Q1_SAVI or Q1_AGB. The exclusive impact of vegetation indices itself or aboveground biomass itself was less than one-tenth that of temperature itself. Water availability and elevation & duration (elevation and warming length) only had exclusive impacts on the Q1_NDVI and Q1_SAVI. The total exclusive impact of water availability and elevation & duration on the Q1_NDVI or Q1_SAVI was around 11-12 % equivalent to that of temperature itself. Vegetation indices/aboveground biomass itself, water availability and elevation & duration had interactive impacts with temperature itself on the Q1_NDVI, Q1_SAVI or Q1_AGB. Compared to local air temperature, increased magnitudes in air temperature had the greater exclusive effects on the Q1_NDVI, Q1_SAVI and Q1_AGB. Consequently, temperature sensitivities of vegetation indices, and aboveground biomass were primarily linked with temperature itself (especially warming magnitude), and adjusted by water availability, vegetation indices/aboveground biomass itself, elevation and warming length in high-cold grasslands of the Tibet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Fu
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Zhang J, Ji Y, Guo Y, Yin X, Li Y, Han J, Liu Y, Wang C, Wang W, Liu Y, Zhang L. Responses of soil respiration and microbial community structure to fertilizer and irrigation regimes over 2 years in temperate vineyards in North China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156469. [PMID: 35679935 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fertilizer and irrigation regimes can profoundly affect soil carbon (C) emissions, which influence soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. However, information regarding the effects of fertilizer and irrigation management on the components of soil respiration (Rs) and the underlying microbial community characteristics in vineyard ecosystems remains limited. Therefore, a 2-year field experiment was conducted in a wine-grape vineyard (WGV) and a table-grape vineyard (TGV). Each vineyard included two fertilizer and irrigation regimes: farmers' practice (FP) and recommended practice (RP). The trenching method was employed to separate Rs into heterotrophic respiration (Rh) and autotrophic respiration (Ra). Additionally, the SOC storage and soil microbial community structure at 0-20 cm soil depth were determined after the 2-year experiment. The results showed that the fertilizer and irrigation regimes caused no effect on Ra. Compared with the FP treatment in WGV and TGV, the RP treatment significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the average daily Rh by 15.13 % and 17.11 %, which contributed to the annual Rs values at the whole-vineyard scale decreased by 8.93 % and 11.78 %, respectively. Besides, compared with the initial value, the SOC storage under RP treatment were effectively increased by 6.39 % and 6.33 % in WGV and TGV, respectively. Low annual total Rh was partially ascribed to the significant (P < 0.05) decline in Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes relative abundance, thus reducing the decomposition rate of SOC. Compared with WGV, the fertilizer and water input was higher in the TGV, which resulted in the annual total Rs and Rh values at the whole-vineyard scale was increased by 11.53 % and 15.74 %, respectively, while the annual total Ra was decreased by 18.83 % due to the lower grapevine density and more frequent summer pruning. Overall, RP treatment was found to be a suitable strategy for reducing soil C emissions and benefiting SOC storage in vineyards around North China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; The Key Laboratory of agro ecological environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yanzhi Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; The Key Laboratory of agro ecological environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yanjie Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; The Key Laboratory of agro ecological environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Xing Yin
- School of Public Administration, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Yannan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; The Key Laboratory of agro ecological environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jian Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; The Key Laboratory of agro ecological environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; The Key Laboratory of agro ecological environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wenzan Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; The Key Laboratory of agro ecological environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yusha Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; The Key Laboratory of agro ecological environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; The Key Laboratory of agro ecological environment of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
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19
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Liu P, Barr AG, Zha T, Black TA, Jassal RS, Nesic Z, Helgason WD, Jia X, Tian Y. Re-assessment of the climatic controls on the carbon and water fluxes of a boreal aspen forest over 1996-2016: Changing sensitivity to long-term climatic conditions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4605-4619. [PMID: 35474386 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the relationships between climate and boreal tree growth are generally non-stationary; however, it remains uncertain whether the relationships between climate and carbon (C) fluxes of boreal forests are stationary or have changed over recent decades. In this study, we used continuous eddy-covariance and microclimate data over 21 years (1996-2016) from a 100-year-old trembling aspen stand in central Saskatchewan, Canada to assess the relationships between climate and ecosystem C and water fluxes. Over the study period, the most striking climatic event was a severe, 3-year drought (2001-2003). Gross ecosystem production (GEP) showed larger interannual variability than ecosystem respiration (Re ) over 1996-2016, but Re was the dominant component contributing to the interannual variation in net ecosystem production (NEP) during post-drought years. The interannual variations in evapotranspiration (ET) and C fluxes were primarily driven by temperature and secondarily by water availability. Two-factor linear models combining precipitation and temperature performed well in explaining the interannual variation in C and water fluxes (R2 > .5). The temperature sensitivities of all three C fluxes (NEP, GEP and Re ) declined over the study period (p < .05), and, as a result, the phenological controls on annual NEP weakened. The decreasing temperature sensitivity of the C fluxes may reflect changes in forest structure, related to the over-maturity of the aspen stand at 100 years of age, and exacerbated by high tree mortality following the severe 2001-2003 drought. These results may provide an early warning signal of driver shift or even an abrupt status shift of aspen forest dynamics. They may also imply a universal weakening in the relationship between temperature and GEP as forests become over-mature, associated with the structural and compositional changes that accompany forest ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Alan G Barr
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tianshan Zha
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - T Andrew Black
- Biometeorology and Soil Physics Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rachhpal S Jassal
- Biometeorology and Soil Physics Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zoran Nesic
- Biometeorology and Soil Physics Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Warren D Helgason
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Xin Jia
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Tian
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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20
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Soil Respiration in Planted and Naturally Regenerated Castanopis carelesii Forests during Three Years Post-Establishment. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reforestation through assisted natural regeneration usually accumulates more biomass carbon than through tree planting, but its effects on soil respiration (Rs) and its components, autotrophic respiration (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh), are poorly understood despite the importance in forest carbon cycling. In this study, we clear-cut part of a 35-year-old secondary Castanopsis carelesii (C. carelesii) forest and reforested the logged land with C. carelesii via two approaches—active tree planting and assisted natural regeneration—and measured Rs, Ra, and Rh as well as soil temperature and moisture in these forests. In the first two years following reforestation, Rs, Ra and Rh rates were mostly reduced in the two young forests compared to the secondary forest, likely due to reduced photosynthate production and thus carbon substrate input associated with the clear-cut. However, the Rh:Rs ratio was significantly greater in the young plantation than in the other two forests in the first two years, suggesting a greater loss of soil organic carbon from the young plantation. In the third year, the mean Rs, Rh, and Ra rates of the young forest established via assisted natural regeneration were similar to those of the secondary forest, but significantly greater than those of the young plantation. The rates of Rs, Rh, and Ra mostly increased exponentially with increasing soil temperature in all forests, but mostly lack significant relationships with soil moisture. These findings indicate that, compared with reforestation via tree plantation, assisted natural regeneration not only reduced the loss of soil organic carbon via soil respiration, but also had a more rapid recovery of soil respiration to the level of the secondary forest. Our study highlights that, in addition to temperature, carbon substrate availability is also important in regulating soil respiration following reforestation.
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21
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Han L, Ganjurjav H, Hu G, Wu J, Yan Y, Danjiu L, He S, Xie W, Yan J, Gao Q. Nitrogen Addition Affects Ecosystem Carbon Exchange by Regulating Plant Community Assembly and Altering Soil Properties in an Alpine Meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:900722. [PMID: 35769289 PMCID: PMC9234307 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.900722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition can affect the global ecosystem carbon balance. However, how plant community assembly regulates the ecosystem carbon exchange in response to the N deposition remains largely unclear, especially in alpine meadows. In this study, we conducted a manipulative experiment to examine the impacts of N (ammonium nitrate) addition on ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange by changing the plant community assembly and soil properties at an alpine meadow site on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from 2014 to 2018. The N-addition treatments were N0, N7, N20, and N40 (0, 7, 20, and 40 kg N ha-1year-1) during the plant growing season. The net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), and ecosystem respiration (ER) were measured by a static chamber method. Our results showed that the growing-season NEE, ER and GEP increased gradually over time with increasing N-addition rates. On average, the NEE increased significantly by 55.6 and 65.2% in N20 and N40, respectively (p < 0.05). Nitrogen addition also increased forage grass biomass (GB, including sedge and Gramineae) by 74.3 and 122.9% and forb biomass (FB) by 73.4 and 51.4% in N20 and N40, respectively (p < 0.05). There were positive correlations between CO2 fluxes (NEE and GEP) and GB (p < 0.01), and the ER was positively correlated with functional group biomass (GB and FB) and soil available N content (NO3 --N and NH4 +-N) (p < 0.01). The N-induced shift in the plant community assembly was primarily responsible for the increase in NEE. The increase in GB mainly contributed to the N stimulation of NEE, and FB and the soil available N content had positive effects on ER in response to N addition. Our results highlight that the plant community assembly is critical in regulating the ecosystem carbon exchange response to the N deposition in alpine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Han
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hasbagan Ganjurjav
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Nagqu, China
| | - Guozheng Hu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Nagqu, China
| | - Jianshuang Wu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Yan
- China New Era Group Corporation, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Jun Yan
- Nagqu Grassland Station, Nagqu, China
| | - Qingzhu Gao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Nagqu, China
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22
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Jones AG, Clymans W, Palmer DJ, Crockatt ME. Revaluating forest drought experiments according to future precipitation patterns, ecosystem carbon and decomposition rate responses: A meta-analysis. AMBIO 2022; 51:1227-1238. [PMID: 34697767 PMCID: PMC8931167 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Moisture availability is a strong determinant of decomposition rates in forests worldwide. Climate models suggest that many terrestrial ecosystems are at risk from future droughts, suggesting moisture limiting conditions will develop across a range of forests worldwide. The impacts of increasing drought conditions on forest carbon (C) fluxes due to shifts in organic matter decay rates may be poorly characterised due to limited experimental research. To appraise this question, we conducted a meta-analysis of forest drought experiment studies worldwide, examining spatial limits, knowledge gaps and potential biases. To identify limits to experimental knowledge, we projected the global distribution of forest drought experiments against spatially modelled estimates of (i) future precipitation change, (ii) ecosystem total above-ground C and (iii) soil C storage. Our assessment, involving 115 individual experimental study locations, found a mismatch between the distribution of forest drought experiments and regions with higher levels of future drought risk and C storage, such as Central America, Amazonia, the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, equatorial Africa and Indonesia. Decomposition rate responses in litter and soil were also relatively under-studied, with only 30 experiments specifically examining the potential experimental impacts of drought on C fluxes from soil or litter. We propose new approaches for engaging experimentally with forest drought research, utilising standardised protocols to appraise the impacts of drought on the C cycle, while targeting the most vulnerable and relevant forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G. Jones
- Earthwatch Institute, Mayfield House, 256 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 7DE UK
- Scion, Titokorangi Drive, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3046 New Zealand
| | - Wim Clymans
- Earthwatch Institute, Mayfield House, 256 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 7DE UK
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - David J. Palmer
- Scion, Titokorangi Drive, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3046 New Zealand
| | - Martha E. Crockatt
- Earthwatch Institute, Mayfield House, 256 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 7DE UK
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Sanjita C, Thounaojam RS, Singh TB, Singh ND. Soil CO2 efflux variability influenced by different factors in the subtropical sacred groves of Manipur, North-East India. Trop Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-022-00225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Tian W, Sun H, Zhang Y, Xu J, Yao J, Li J, Li B, Nie M. Thermal adaptation occurs in the respiration and growth of widely distributed bacteria. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2820-2829. [PMID: 35090074 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial respiration is an important factor in regulating carbon (C) exchange between the soil and atmosphere. Thermal adaptation of soil microorganisms will lead to a weakening of the positive feedback between climate warming and soil respiration. The thermal adaptation of microbial communities and fungal species has been proven. However, studies on the thermal adaptation of bacterial species, the most important decomposers in the soil, are still lacking. Here, we isolated six species of widely distributed dominant bacteria and studied the effects of constant warming and temperature fluctuations on those species. The results showed that constant warming caused a downregulation of respiratory temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) of the bacterial species, accompanied by an elevation of the minimum temperature (Tmin ) required for growth. Similar results were seen with the addition of temperature fluctuations, suggesting that both scenarios caused a significant thermal adaptation among the bacterial species. Fluctuating and increasing temperatures are considered an important component of future warming. Therefore, the inclusion of physiological responses of bacteria to these changes is essential to understand relationships between microbiota and temperature and enhance the prediction of global soil-atmosphere C feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Effects of plastic mulching on soil CO 2 efflux in a cotton field in northwestern China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4969. [PMID: 35322057 PMCID: PMC8942992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Northwestern China, more and more traditional cultivation system (TC) with no mulching and flood irrigation have been replaced by modern cultivation technology (MC) combining plastic film mulching with drip irrigation. Does plastic film mulching increase or reduce soil CO2 emission in arid areas? In order to study the effects of plastic mulching on soil CO2 efflux, a field study was conducted to compare soil CO2 concentration, soil CO2 efflux, soil temperature and moisture between the TC treatment and the MC treatment during a cotton growing season in Northwestern China. The seasonal patterns of soil profile temperature and soil moisture in the TC treatment were similar to that in the MC treatment. The mean value of soil profile temperature in the MC treatment was higher than that in the TC treatment. Except for soil moisture at 15 cm depth, the mean value of soil moisture at 5 cm and 10 cm depths in the MC treatment was higher than that in the TC treatment. The variation patterns of soil CO2 concentration and soil CO2 efflux in MC treatment were different to that in the TC treatment. Although the peak of soil CO2 concentration in the TC treatment was earlier than that in the MC treatment, the duration of soil CO2 concentration with high values in TC treatment was shorter than that in the MC treatment. Based on the model of Fick’s first diffusion law, soil surface CO2 efflux in the MC and TC treatments were determined. The surface CO2 efflux in the TC treatment calculated by Fick’s first diffusion law model was in good agreement with the value measured by chamber method. The seasonal curve of soil surface CO2 efflux in the MC treatment indicate the similar pattern with that in the TC treatment, and the rate of CO2 efflux was lower in the MC system. In the MC treatment, the seasonal variation of soil surface efflux was explained more by soil moisture than by soil temperature. However, in the TC treatment, the seasonal variation of soil surface efflux was explained more by soil temperature than by soil moisture. Over the completely experimental period, accumulated rates of soil CO2 efflux were 361 g C m−2 and 474 g C m−2 for the MC and TC system, respectively. We concluded that converting agricultural practices from traditional cultivation to the plastic mulching cultivation could reduce soil CO2 efflux by approximately 110 g C m−2 year−1 in agricultural land in arid areas of Northwestern China.
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Fan L, Dippold MA, Thiel V, Ge T, Wu J, Kuzyakov Y, Dorodnikov M. Temperature sensitivity of anaerobic methane oxidation versus methanogenesis in paddy soil: Implications for the CH 4 balance under global warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:654-664. [PMID: 34653297 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The global methane (CH4 ) budget is based on a sensitive balance between methanogenesis and CH4 oxidation (aerobic and anaerobic). The response of these processes to climate warming, however, is not quantified. This largely reflects our lack of knowledge about the temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) of the anaerobic oxidation of CH4 (AOM)-a ubiquitous process in soils. Based on a 13 CH4 labeling experiment, we determined the rate, Q10 and activation energy of AOM and of methanogenesis in a paddy soil at three temperatures (5, 20, 35°C). The rates of AOM and of methanogenesis increased exponentially with temperature, whereby the AOM rate was significantly lower than methanogenesis. Both the activation energy and Q10 of AOM dropped significantly from 5-20 to 20-35°C, indicating that AOM is a highly temperature-dependent microbial process. Nonetheless, the Q10 of AOM and of methanogenesis were similar at 5-35°C, implying a comparable temperature dependence of AOM and methanogenesis in paddy soil. The continuous increase of AOM Q10 over the 28-day experiment reflects the successive utilization of electron acceptors according to their thermodynamic efficiency. The basic constant for Q10 of AOM was calculated to be 0.1 units for each 3.2 kJ mol-1 increase of activation energy. We estimate the AOM in paddy soils to consume 2.2~5.5 Tg CH4 per year on a global scale. Considering these results in conjunction with literature data, the terrestrial AOM in total consumes ~30% of overall CH4 production. Our data corroborate a similar Q10 of AOM and methanogenesis. As the rate of AOM in paddy soils is lower than methanogenesis, however, it will not fully compensate for an increased methane production under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Fan
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michaela A Dippold
- Department of Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Volker Thiel
- Geobiology, Geoscience Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tida Ge
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region & Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region & Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Agro-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Maxim Dorodnikov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
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27
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Bao X, Wen X, Sun X. Effects of environmental conditions and leaf area index changes on seasonal variations in carbon fluxes over a wheat-maize cropland rotation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:213-224. [PMID: 34694487 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions (EV) changes not only affect temporal variations in carbon fluxes directly, but affect them indirectly by impacting plant biotic traits. Investigating the extent of the effects of EV and biotic changes can help deepen our understanding of ecosystem carbon cycling. Therefore, we partitioned and quantified the contributions of EV and biotic changes' effects on seasonal variations in carbon fluxes (net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE), and its components, i.e., gross ecosystem carbon exchange (GEE) and ecosystem respiration (RE)) in a (winter) wheat-(summer) maize rotation ecosystem from 2010 to 2012. A path analysis accompanied by Granger causality tests (GCTs), which filtered out several variables that were not causal for dependent variables, was used to calculate their respective contributions by integrating path coefficients. The seasonal variations in NEE, RE, and GEE were significantly and jointly affected by EV and the leaf area index (LAI) with R2 values ranging from 0.63 to 0.94 after the GCT. The path analysis indicated that the seasonal variations of carbon fluxes were dominated by the effects of EV changes (induced from varying EV for different fluxes, crops, and years), which contributed 60.7% (mean of two years), 64.5%, and 58.2% to wheat NEE, RE, and GEE, respectively, and 62.5%, 82.3%, and 58.1% to maize NEE, RE, and GEE, respectively. Overall, our study provided a new basis that future climatic changes may have important impacts on carbon exchanges in this rotation cropland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Bao
- Agricultural School, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China.
| | - Xuefa Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Capooci M, Vargas R. Diel and seasonal patterns of soil CO 2 efflux in a temperate tidal marsh. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149715. [PMID: 34461472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tidal marshes store large amounts of carbon; however, little is known about the patterns, magnitudes, and biophysical drivers that regulate CO2 efflux from these ecosystems. Due to harsh environmental conditions (e.g., flooding), it is difficult to measure continuous soil CO2 efflux in tidal marshes. These data are necessary to inform empirical and process-based models and to better quantify carbon budgets. We performed automated (30 min) and manual (bi-monthly) soil CO2 efflux measurements, for ~20 months, at two sites in a temperate tidal marsh: tall Spartina (TS; dominated by S. cynosuroides) and short Spartina (SS; dominated by S. alterniflora). These measurements were coupled with water quality, canopy spectral reflectance, and meteorological measurements. There were no consistent diel patterns of soil CO2 efflux, suggesting a decoupling of soil CO2 efflux with diel variations in temperature and tides (i.e., water level) showing a hysteresis effect. Mean soil CO2 efflux was significantly higher at SS (2.15 ± 1.60 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) than at TS (0.55 ± 0.80 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1), highlighting distinct biogeochemical spatial variability. At the annual scale, air temperature explained >50% of the variability in soil CO2 efflux at both sites; and water level and salinity were secondary drivers of soil CO2 efflux at SS and TS, respectively. Annual soil CO2 efflux varied from 287-876 to 153-211 g C m-2 y-1 at SS and TS, respectively, but manual measurements underestimated the annual flux by <67% at SS and <23% at TS. These results suggest that measuring and modeling diel soil CO2 efflux variability in tidal marshes may be more challenging than previously expected and highlight large discrepancies between manual and automated soil CO2 efflux measurements. New technical approaches are needed to implement long-term automated measurements of soil CO2 efflux across wetlands to properly estimate the carbon balance of these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Capooci
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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He L, Xu X. Mapping soil microbial residence time at the global scale. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:6484-6497. [PMID: 34488240 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbes are the fundamental engine for carbon (C) cycling. Microbial residence time (MRT) therefore determines the mineralization of soil organic C, releasing C as heterotrophic respiration and contributing substantially to the C efflux in terrestrial ecosystems. We took use of a comprehensive dataset (2627 data points) and calculated the MRT based on the basal respiration and microbial biomass C. Large variations in MRT were found among biomes, with the largest MRT in boreal forests and grasslands and smallest in natural wetlands. Biogeographic patterns of MRT were found along climate variables (temperature and precipitation), vegetation variables (root C density and net primary productivity), and edaphic factors (soil texture, pH, topsoil porosity, soil C, and total nitrogen). Among environmental factors, edaphic properties dominate the MRT variations. We further mapped the MRT at the global scale with an empirical model. The simulated and observed MRT were highly consistent at plot- (R2 = .86), site- (R2 = .88), and biome- (R2 = .99) levels. The global average of MRT was estimated to be 38 (±5) days. A clear latitudinal biogeographic pattern was found for MRT with lower values in tropical regions and higher values in the Arctic. The biome- and global-level estimates of MRT serve as valuable data for parameterizing and benchmarking microbial models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan He
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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Yang Z, Wei Y, Fu G, Xiao R, Chen J, Zhang Y, Wang D, Li J. Decreased precipitation in the late growing season weakens an ecosystem carbon sink in a semi‐arid grassland. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongling Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Yueyue Wei
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Guangya Fu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Rui Xiao
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Ji Chen
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy Aarhus University Tjele Denmark
| | - Yaojun Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Dong Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Junyong Li
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology School of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng Henan China
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31
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Migliavacca M, Musavi T, Mahecha MD, Nelson JA, Knauer J, Baldocchi DD, Perez-Priego O, Christiansen R, Peters J, Anderson K, Bahn M, Black TA, Blanken PD, Bonal D, Buchmann N, Caldararu S, Carrara A, Carvalhais N, Cescatti A, Chen J, Cleverly J, Cremonese E, Desai AR, El-Madany TS, Farella MM, Fernández-Martínez M, Filippa G, Forkel M, Galvagno M, Gomarasca U, Gough CM, Göckede M, Ibrom A, Ikawa H, Janssens IA, Jung M, Kattge J, Keenan TF, Knohl A, Kobayashi H, Kraemer G, Law BE, Liddell MJ, Ma X, Mammarella I, Martini D, Macfarlane C, Matteucci G, Montagnani L, Pabon-Moreno DE, Panigada C, Papale D, Pendall E, Penuelas J, Phillips RP, Reich PB, Rossini M, Rotenberg E, Scott RL, Stahl C, Weber U, Wohlfahrt G, Wolf S, Wright IJ, Yakir D, Zaehle S, Reichstein M. The three major axes of terrestrial ecosystem function. Nature 2021; 598:468-472. [PMID: 34552242 PMCID: PMC8528706 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The leaf economics spectrum1,2 and the global spectrum of plant forms and functions3 revealed fundamental axes of variation in plant traits, which represent different ecological strategies that are shaped by the evolutionary development of plant species2. Ecosystem functions depend on environmental conditions and the traits of species that comprise the ecological communities4. However, the axes of variation of ecosystem functions are largely unknown, which limits our understanding of how ecosystems respond as a whole to anthropogenic drivers, climate and environmental variability4,5. Here we derive a set of ecosystem functions6 from a dataset of surface gas exchange measurements across major terrestrial biomes. We find that most of the variability within ecosystem functions (71.8%) is captured by three key axes. The first axis reflects maximum ecosystem productivity and is mostly explained by vegetation structure. The second axis reflects ecosystem water-use strategies and is jointly explained by variation in vegetation height and climate. The third axis, which represents ecosystem carbon-use efficiency, features a gradient related to aridity, and is explained primarily by variation in vegetation structure. We show that two state-of-the-art land surface models reproduce the first and most important axis of ecosystem functions. However, the models tend to simulate more strongly correlated functions than those observed, which limits their ability to accurately predict the full range of responses to environmental changes in carbon, water and energy cycling in terrestrial ecosystems7,8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Migliavacca
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
| | - Talie Musavi
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Miguel D Mahecha
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
- Remote Sensing Center for Earth System Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Knauer
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dennis D Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Oscar Perez-Priego
- Department of Forest Engineering, ERSAF Research Group, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rune Christiansen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Peters
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Anderson
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T Andrew Black
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter D Blanken
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Damien Bonal
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Arnaud Carrara
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), Paterna, Spain
| | - Nuno Carvalhais
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - Jiquan Chen
- Landscape Ecology & Ecosystem Science (LEES) Lab, Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, and Department of Geography, Environmental and Spatial Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jamie Cleverly
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Edoardo Cremonese
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Aosta, Italy
| | - Ankur R Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Martha M Farella
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- Research Group Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Gianluca Filippa
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Aosta, Italy
| | - Matthias Forkel
- Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marta Galvagno
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Aosta, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Ibrom
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hiroki Ikawa
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Research Group Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Martin Jung
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Knohl
- Bioclimatology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Global Change, Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Guido Kraemer
- Remote Sensing Center for Earth System Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Beverly E Law
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Michael J Liddell
- Centre for Tropical, Environmental, and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xuanlong Ma
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Martini
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Giorgio Matteucci
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la BioEconomia (CNR - IBE), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Leonardo Montagnani
- Facoltà di Scienze e Tecnologie, Libera Universita' di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Forest Services of the Autonomous Province of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Panigada
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Papale
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Micol Rossini
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Eyal Rotenberg
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Russell L Scott
- Southwest Watershed Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Clement Stahl
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - Ulrich Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian J Wright
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dan Yakir
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Reichstein
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.
- Michael-Stifel-Center Jena for Data-driven and Simulation Science, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Lee K, Hong JW, Kim J, Hong J. Partitioning of net CO 2 exchanges at the city-atmosphere interface into biotic and abiotic components. MethodsX 2021; 8:101231. [PMID: 34434754 PMCID: PMC8374189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Eddy covariance (EC) method has been used to measure CO2 fluxes over various ecosystems. Recently, the EC method has been also deployed in urban areas to measure CO2 fluxes. Urban carbon cycle is complex because of the additional anthropogenic processes unlike natural ecosystems but the EC method only measures the net sum of all CO2 sources and sink. This limitation of the EC method hinders us from the underlying processes of the carbon cycle, and it is necessary to partition the net CO2 fluxes into individual contributions for a better understanding of the urban carbon cycle. Here we propose a statistical method to partition CO2 fluxes into individual components by extending the method of Menzer and McFadden (2017).Statistical method is proposed to partition CO2 fluxes into gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, anthropogenic emissions from a vehicle and building. This method uses eddy fluxes and footprint-weighted high-resolution land cover data with temporal subsets that a few components can be negligible. New partitioning method produces reliable individual components of the urban carbon cycle when compared to inventory data and typical biotic responses to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunmin Lee
- Ecosystem-Atmosphere Process Laboratory, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Woo Hong
- Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Jeongwon Kim
- Ecosystem-Atmosphere Process Laboratory, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinkyu Hong
- Ecosystem-Atmosphere Process Laboratory, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Zhao F, Wu Y, Hui J, Sivakumar B, Meng X, Liu S. Projected soil organic carbon loss in response to climate warming and soil water content in a loess watershed. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 16:24. [PMID: 34398330 PMCID: PMC8369727 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-021-00187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and terrestrial ecosystem functions. It is widely known that climate change and soil water content (SWC) could influence the SOC dynamics; however, there are still debates about how climate change, especially climate warming, and SWC impact SOC. We investigated the spatiotemporal changes in SOC and its responses to climate warming and root-zone SWC change using the coupled hydro-biogeochemical model (SWAT-DayCent) and climate scenarios data derived under the three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs2.6, 4.5, and 8.5) from five downscaled Global Climate Models (GCMs) in a typical loess watershed--the Jinghe River Basin (JRB) on the Chinese Loess Plateau. RESULTS The air temperature would increase significantly during the future period (2017-2099), while the annual precipitation would increase by 2.0-13.1% relative to the baseline period (1976-2016), indicating a warmer and wetter future in the JRB. Driven by the precipitation variation, the root-zone SWC would also increase (by up to 27.9% relative to the baseline under RCP4.5); however, the SOC was projected to decrease significantly under the future warming climate. The combined effects of climate warming and SWC change could more reasonably explain the SOC loss, and this formed hump-shaped response surfaces between SOC loss and warming-SWC interactions under both RCP2.6 and 8.5, which can help explain diverse warming effects on SOC with changing SWC. CONCLUSIONS The study showed a significant potential carbon source under the future warmer and wetter climate in the JRB, and the SOC loss was largely controlled by future climate warming and the root-zone SWC as well. The hump-shaped responses of the SOC loss to climate warming and SWC change demonstrated that the SWC could mediate the warming effects on SOC loss, but this mediation largely depended on the SWC changing magnitude (drier or wetter soil conditions). This mediation mechanism about the effect of SWC on SOC would be valuable for enhancing soil carbon sequestration in a warming climate on the Loess Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubo Zhao
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jinyu Hui
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bellie Sivakumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Xianyong Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
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Assessing the Contrasting Effects of the Exceptional 2015 Drought on the Carbon Dynamics in Two Norway Spruce Forest Ecosystems. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12080988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of extreme drought poses a severe threat to forest ecosystems and reduces their capability to sequester carbon dioxide. This study analysed the impacts of a central European summer drought in 2015 on gross primary productivity (GPP) at two Norway spruce forest sites representing two contrasting climatic conditions—cold and humid climate at Bílý Kříž (CZ-BK1) vs. moderately warm and dry climate at Rájec (CZ-RAJ). The comparative analyses of GPP was based on a three-year eddy covariance dataset, where 2014 and 2016 represented years with normal conditions, while 2015 was characterized by dry conditions. A significant decline in the forest GPP was found during the dry year of 2015, reaching 14% and 6% at CZ-BK1 and CZ-RAJ, respectively. The reduction in GPP coincided with high ecosystem respiration (Reco) during the dry year period, especially during July and August, when several heat waves hit the region. Additional analyses of GPP decline during the dry year period suggested that a vapour pressure deficit played a more important role than the soil volumetric water content at both investigated sites, highlighting the often neglected importance of considering the species hydraulic strategy (isohydric vs. anisohydric) in drought impact assessments. The study indicates the high vulnerability of the Norway spruce forest to drought stress, especially at sites with precipitation equal or smaller than the atmospheric evaporative demand. Since central Europe is currently experiencing large-scale dieback of Norway spruce forests in lowlands and uplands (such as for CZ-RAJ conditions), the findings of this study may help to quantitatively assess the fate of these widespread cultures under future climate projections, and may help to delimitate the areas of their sustainable production.
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Mauritz M, Lipson DA. Plant community composition alters moisture and temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in semi-arid shrubland. Oecologia 2021; 197:1003-1015. [PMID: 34142233 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Soil respiration (Rs) is the second largest carbon (C) flux to the atmosphere and our understanding of how Rs and its components shift with plant-community composition remains an important question. We used high-frequency soil respiration measurements and root exclusion to evaluate how Rs, autotrophic respiration (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) vary between a semi-arid perennial shrub community and annual invasive community. Over two growing seasons, total Rs was 40% higher under annual vegetation compared to shrubs. Partitioning revealed consistently higher Ra under annual vegetation which accounted for most of the difference in Rs. Under annual vegetation, Ra increased soon after the first rain events and remained high despite cooling temperatures while shrub Ra increased only when soil temperature began to warm up. The Rh rates were similar between vegetation types when daily soil temperatures were lower than 20 °C. As soil temperatures increased and soil moisture dropped below 10%, Rh was consistently higher under annual vegetation than shrubs. Seasonal dynamics of Rs and Rh were best modeled with an interaction term between soil moisture and temperature with significantly different model parameters for each vegetation type. Differences in the timing and magnitude of Rs and Ra between vegetation types are consistent with phenological differences between shrubs and annuals. Under annuals, larger Rh at high temperatures suggests that expansion of annual vegetation and future hotter and drier conditions could lead to greater C losses from this semi-arid shrub system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mauritz
- University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA.
| | - D A Lipson
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-4614, USA
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Sub-Daily Natural CO2 Flux Simulation Based on Satellite Data: Diurnal and Seasonal Pattern Comparisons to Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions in the Greater Tokyo Area. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13112037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, advances in the remote sensing of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations by the Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite-1 (GOSAT-1), GOSAT-2, and Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) have produced finer-resolution atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) datasets. These data are applicable for a top-down approach towards the verification of anthropogenic CO2 emissions from megacities and updating of the inventory. However, great uncertainties regarding natural CO2 flux estimates remain when back-casting CO2 emissions from concentration data, making accurate disaggregation of urban CO2 sources difficult. For this study, we used Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land products, meso-scale meteorological data, SoilGrids250 m soil profile data, and sub-daily soil moisture datasets to calculate hourly photosynthetic CO2 uptake and biogenic CO2 emissions with 500 m resolution for the Kantō Plain, Japan, at the center of which is the Tokyo metropolis. Our hourly integrated modeling results obtained for the period 2010–2018 suggest that, collectively, the vegetated land within the Greater Tokyo Area served as a daytime carbon sink year-round, where the hourly integrated net atmospheric CO2 removal was up to 14.15 ± 4.24% of hourly integrated anthropogenic emissions in winter and up to 55.42 ± 10.39% in summer. At night, plants and soil in the Greater Tokyo Area were natural carbon sources, with hourly integrated biogenic CO2 emissions equivalent to 2.27 ± 0.11%–4.97 ± 1.17% of the anthropogenic emissions in winter and 13.71 ± 2.44%–23.62 ± 3.13% in summer. Between January and July, the hourly integrated biogenic CO2 emissions of the Greater Tokyo Area increased sixfold, whereas the amplitude of the midday hourly integrated photosynthetic CO2 uptake was enhanced by nearly five times and could offset up to 79.04 ± 12.31% of the hourly integrated anthropogenic CO2 emissions in summer. The gridded hourly photosynthetic CO2 uptake and biogenic respiration estimates not only provide reference data for the estimation of total natural CO2 removal in our study area, but also supply prior input values for the disaggregation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions and biogenic CO2 fluxes when applying top-down approaches to update the megacity’s CO2 emissions inventory. The latter contribution allows unprecedented amounts of GOSAT and ground measurement data regarding CO2 concentration to be analyzed in inverse modeling of anthropogenic CO2 emissions from Tokyo and the Kantō Plain.
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Qu S, Yu J, Li F, Wei D, Borjigidai A. Nitrogen deposition accelerates greenhouse gas emissions at an alpine steppe site on the Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:144277. [PMID: 33418330 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increase in atmospheric N deposition can alter the exchange of greenhouse gas (GHG) between the biosphere and atmosphere. The effect of N deposition on GHG is poorly understood in alpine steppe. Therefore, we conducted a 4-year experiment with multilevel N addition of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 kg N ha-1 using the static chamber and gas chromatography method to quantify responses of GHG fluxes and characterize the relationship between GHG fluxes and N addition rate in Namco located in the alpine steppe in the central Tibetan Plateau (TP). The mean CO2 efflux, CH4 uptake, N2O emission during growing seasons across four years were 33.59 ± 16.41 mg C m-2 h-1, -56.42 ± 29.20 μg C m-2 h-1, 0.67 ± 4.40 μg N m-2 h-1 respectively. CO2 efflux increased 1.55-22.6%, CH4 uptake decreased 5.96-20.1%, N2O emission increased 37.3-133.5% with N addition. We also observed a critical threshold of 40 kg N ha-1 a-1 of N addition above which the increase rate of N2O emission would diminish. Our current results implied that under the background of future N deposition, N induced C sequestration might be offset by GHG balance causing a heating effect to the climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Qu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiaoneng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fengzi Li
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The School of Ecology and Environment of Inner Mongolian University, Huhhot 010021, China
| | - Da Wei
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Almaz Borjigidai
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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38
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Niu B, Zhang X, Piao S, Janssens IA, Fu G, He Y, Zhang Y, Shi P, Dai E, Yu C, Zhang J, Yu G, Xu M, Wu J, Zhu L, Desai AR, Chen J, Bohrer G, Gough CM, Mammarella I, Varlagin A, Fares S, Zhao X, Li Y, Wang H, Ouyang Z. Warming homogenizes apparent temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/15/eabc7358. [PMID: 33837072 PMCID: PMC8034862 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Warming-induced carbon loss through terrestrial ecosystem respiration (Re) is likely getting stronger in high latitudes and cold regions because of the more rapid warming and higher temperature sensitivity of Re (Q 10). However, it is not known whether the spatial relationship between Q 10 and temperature also holds temporally under a future warmer climate. Here, we analyzed apparent Q 10 values derived from multiyear observations at 74 FLUXNET sites spanning diverse climates and biomes. We found warming-induced decline in Q 10 is stronger at colder regions than other locations, which is consistent with a meta-analysis of 54 field warming experiments across the globe. We predict future warming will shrink the global variability of Q 10 values to an average of 1.44 across the globe under a high emission trajectory (RCP 8.5) by the end of the century. Therefore, warming-induced carbon loss may be less than previously assumed because of Q 10 homogenization in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianzhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk B-2610, Belgium
| | - Gang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongtao He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yangjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peili Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Erfu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengqun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianshuang Wu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ankur R Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jiquan Chen
- Department of Geography, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Gil Bohrer
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christopher M Gough
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2012, USA
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Andrej Varlagin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Silvano Fares
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy, Via dei Taurini 19, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Xinquan Zhao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
| | - Yingnian Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Temperature thresholds of ecosystem respiration at a global scale. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:487-494. [PMID: 33619357 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ecosystem respiration is a major component of the global terrestrial carbon cycle and is strongly influenced by temperature. The global extent of the temperature-ecosystem respiration relationship, however, has not been fully explored. Here, we test linear and threshold models of ecosystem respiration across 210 globally distributed eddy covariance sites over an extensive temperature range. We find thresholds to the global temperature-ecosystem respiration relationship at high and low air temperatures and mid soil temperatures, which represent transitions in the temperature dependence and sensitivity of ecosystem respiration. Annual ecosystem respiration rates show a markedly reduced temperature dependence and sensitivity compared to half-hourly rates, and a single mid-temperature threshold for both air and soil temperature. Our study indicates a distinction in the influence of environmental factors, including temperature, on ecosystem respiration between latitudinal and climate gradients at short (half-hourly) and long (annual) timescales. Such climatological differences in the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration have important consequences for the terrestrial net carbon sink under ongoing climate change.
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40
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Velasco E, Segovia E, Choong AMF, Lim BKY, Vargas R. Carbon dioxide dynamics in a residential lawn of a tropical city. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111752. [PMID: 33358429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Turfgrass is an important component of the urban landscape frequently considered as an alternative land cover to offset anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, quantitative information of the potential to directly remove CO2 from the atmosphere by turfgrass systems is lacking, especially in the tropics. Most assessments have considered the carbon accumulated by grass shoots and soil, but not the release of CO2 to the atmosphere by soil respiration (i.e., soil CO2 efflux). Here, we measured at high-temporal resolution (30-min) soil CO2 efflux, production, and storage rate for nearly three years in a residential lawn of Singapore. Furthermore, we quantified the carbon capture related to biomass production and CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption associated with maintenance activities (e.g., mowing equipment). Warm and humid conditions resulted in relatively constant rates of soil CO2 efflux, CO2 storage in soil, and aboveground biomass production (3370, 652, 1671 Mg CO2 km-2 yr-1; respectively), while the systematic use of mowing machinery emitted 27 Mg CO2 km-2 yr-1. Soil CO2 efflux and CO2 mowing emissions represent carbon losses to the atmosphere, while CO2 storage in soil and biomass productivity represent gains of carbon into the ecosystem. Under a steady state in which soil CO2 losses are only compensated by atmospheric CO2 uptake by photosynthesis, an ideal clipping waste disposal management, in which no CO2 molecule returns to the atmosphere (i.e., clippings are not burnt), and a 3-week mowing regime, this site can act as a sink of 2296 Mg CO2 km-2 yr-1. In the scenario of incinerating all clippings, the lawn acts as an emission source of 1046 Mg CO2 km-2 yr-1. Thus, management practices that reduce mowing frequency together with clipping disposal practices that minimize greenhouse gas emissions are needed to make urban lawns a potential natural solution to mitigate global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Velasco
- Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology, National Parks Board, Singapore.
| | - Elvagris Segovia
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amy M F Choong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin K Y Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Zhu D, Wu N, Bhattarai N, Oli KP, Chen H, Rawat GS, Rashid I, Dhakal M, Joshi S, Tian J, Zhu Q, Chaudhary S, Tshering K. Methane emissions respond to soil temperature in convergent patterns but divergent sensitivities across wetlands along altitude. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:941-955. [PMID: 33222345 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the global coordinated patterns in soil temperature and methane emission from wetlands, a declining trend of optimal soil temperature for methane emissions from low to high latitudes has been witnessed, while the corresponding trend along the altitudinal gradient has not yet been investigated. We therefore selected two natural wetlands located at contrasting climatic zones from foothill and mountainside of Nepal Himalayas, to test: (1) whether the optimal temperature for methane emissions decreases from low to high altitude, and (2) whether there is a difference in temperature sensitivity of methane emissions from those wetlands. We found significant spatial and temporal variation of methane emissions between the two wetlands and seasons. Soil temperature was the dominant driver for seasonal variation in methane emissions from both wetlands, though its effect was perplexed by the level of standing water, aquatic plants, and dissolved organic carbon, particularly in the deep water area. When integrative comparison was conducted by adding the existing data from wetlands of diverse altitudes, and the latitude-for-altitude effect was taken into account, we found the baseline soil temperatures decrease whilst the altitude rises with respect to a rapid increase in methane emission from all wetlands, however, remarkably higher sensitivity of methane emissions to soil temperature (apparent Q10 ) was found in mid-altitude wetland. We provide the first evidence of an apparent decline in optimal temperature for methane emissions with increasing elevation. These findings suggest a convergent pattern of methane emissions with respect to seasonal temperature shifts from wetlands along altitudinal gradient, while a divergent pattern in temperature sensitivities exhibits a single peak in mid-altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bio-resources Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Nabin Bhattarai
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Huai Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hongyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bio-resources Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Gopal Singh Rawat
- Faculty of Wildlife Sciences, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Maheshwar Dhakal
- Ministry of Forests and Environment, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Srijana Joshi
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jianqing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu'an Zhu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sunita Chaudhary
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Liu Y, Geng X, Wei D, Dai D. Divergence in ecosystem carbon fluxes and soil nitrogen characteristics across alpine steppe, alpine meadow and alpine swamp ecosystems in a biome transition zone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:142453. [PMID: 33113693 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alpine ecosystem carbon cycling is sensitive to climate change, particularly in the transition zones between biomes. Soil nitrogen conditions, including the ammonium to nitrate (NH4+/NO3-) ratio, regulate ecosystem carbon uptake by coupling carbon‑nitrogen cycle. The largest alpine pasture on Earth is distributed on the Tibetan Plateau, where alpine biome transition zones are also widely distributed. However, it is largely unknown how the soil NH4+/NO3- ratio and net ecosystem CO2 exchange vary among vegetation types in the alpine biome transition zones due to a lack of in situ field observations. Here, we investigated soil NH4+/NO3- ratio and ecosystem carbon fluxes across alpine steppe, alpine meadow and alpine swamp ecosystems in a biome transition zone on the central Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that soil NH4+/NO3- ratio was lowest in the alpine steppe (driest environment), which had the highest soil pH, and highest in the alpine swamp (wettest environment), which had the lowest soil pH. We proposed a theoretical framework describing how soil moisture regulates soil NH4+/NO3- ratio by altering both the denitrification process and soil pH. We further found that the growing season average net ecosystem CO2 exchange for the alpine steppe, alpine meadow and alpine swamp was -1.46, -1.90 and -5.43 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively. This divergence in net ecosystem CO2 exchange across the three grasslands is primarily explained by divergence in gross ecosystem photosynthesis, rather than ecosystem respiration. The air temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration (Q10) for the alpine steppe, alpine meadow and alpine swamp was 1.73 ± 0.05, 1.44 ± 0.03 and 2.43 ± 0.45, respectively. Our study highlights large differences in both soil nutrient and ecosystem carbon uptake across different vegetation types in an alpine biome transition zone. More in situ investigations in various biome transition zones are urgently needed to quantitatively understand the spatial pattern of alpine ecosystem carbon‑nitrogen cycling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaodong Geng
- School of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
| | - Da Wei
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dongxue Dai
- College of Biology and Food Science, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde 067000, China
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43
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Luo Z, Luo Y, Wang G, Xia J, Peng C. Warming-induced global soil carbon loss attenuated by downward carbon movement. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:7242-7254. [PMID: 32986924 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fate of soil organic carbon (SOC) under warming is poorly understood, particularly across large extents and in the whole-soil profile. Using a data-model integration approach applied across the globe, we find that downward movement of SOC along the soil profile reduces SOC loss under warming. We predict that global SOC stocks (down to 2 m) will decline by 4% (~80 Pg) on average when SOC reaches the steady state under 2°C warming, assuming no changes in net primary productivity (NPP). To compensate such decline (i.e. maintain current SOC stocks), a 3% increase of NPP is required. Without the downward SOC movement, global SOC declines by 15%, while a 20% increase in NPP is needed to compensate that loss. This vital role of downward SOC movement in controlling whole-soil profile SOC dynamics in response to warming is due to the protection afforded to downward-moving SOC by depth, indicated by much longer residence times of SOC in deeper layers. Additionally, we find that this protection could not be counteracted by promoted decomposition due to the priming of downward-moving new SOC from upper layers on native old SOC in deeper layers. This study provides the first estimation of whole-soil SOC changes under warming and additional NPP required to compensate such changes across the globe, and reveals the vital role of downward movement of SOC in reducing SOC loss under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkui Luo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Guocheng Wang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyang Xia
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biology Sciences, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Gene-informed decomposition model predicts lower soil carbon loss due to persistent microbial adaptation to warming. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4897. [PMID: 32994415 PMCID: PMC7524716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microbial respiration is an important source of uncertainty in projecting future climate and carbon (C) cycle feedbacks. However, its feedbacks to climate warming and underlying microbial mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here we show that the temperature sensitivity of soil microbial respiration (Q10) in a temperate grassland ecosystem persistently decreases by 12.0 ± 3.7% across 7 years of warming. Also, the shifts of microbial communities play critical roles in regulating thermal adaptation of soil respiration. Incorporating microbial functional gene abundance data into a microbially-enabled ecosystem model significantly improves the modeling performance of soil microbial respiration by 5–19%, and reduces model parametric uncertainty by 55–71%. In addition, modeling analyses show that the microbial thermal adaptation can lead to considerably less heterotrophic respiration (11.6 ± 7.5%), and hence less soil C loss. If such microbially mediated dampening effects occur generally across different spatial and temporal scales, the potential positive feedback of soil microbial respiration in response to climate warming may be less than previously predicted. Mechanisms and consequences of the acclimation of soil respiration to warming are unclear. Here, the authors combine soil respiration, metagenomics, and functional gene results from a 7-year grassland warming experiment to a microbial-enzyme decomposition model, showing functional gene information to lower uncertainty and improve fit.
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Baltzer JL, Sonnentag O. No beating around the bush: the impact of projected high-latitude vegetation transitions on soil and ecosystem respiration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1591-1593. [PMID: 32569431 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Baltzer
- Biology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Département de Géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2V 2B8, Canada
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Wöhrle
- Fachbereich 2 (Biologie, Chemie) Universität Bremen Postfach 330440 D‐28334 Bremen
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47
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Short Legacy Effects of Growing Season Nitrogen Addition and Reduced Precipitation alter Soil Respiration during Nongrowing Season. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The short legacy effects of growing season nitrogen (N) addition and reduced precipitation on nongrowing season soil respiration (Rs), autotrophic respiration (Ra), and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) are still unclear. Therefore, a field manipulative experiment to determine the responses of nongrowing season Rs and its components to growing season N addition and reduced precipitation was conducted in a temperate forest. The results show that growing season N addition and reduced precipitation significantly increased nongrowing season Rs by regulating the response of Ra and Rh. The combination of N addition and reduced precipitation also showed a much stronger effect on Rs and its components, but the magnitude and direction largely depended on the snowpack thickness. The effects of growing season N addition and reduced precipitation on nongrowing season Rs and its components were mediated by different sampling periods. N addition significantly decreased Rs by decreasing Rh in early winter and significantly increased Rs by increasing Ra in deep winter and late winter. All treatments decreased temperature sensitivity (Q10) of Rs and Rh. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how nongrowing season Rs and its components will change under growing season N addition and reduced precipitation and could improve predictions of the future states of the soil C cycle in response to climate change.
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48
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Temperature Sensitivity in Individual Components of Ecosystem Respiration Increases along the Vertical Gradient of Leaf–Stem–Soil in Three Subtropical Forests. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Temperature sensitivity (Q10) of ecosystem respiration (ER) is a crucial parameter for predicting the fate of CO2 in terrestrial e cosystems under global warming. Most studies focus their attention in the variation of Q10 in one or two components of ER, but not in the integration or comparison among Q10 in major components of ER. Vertical and seasonal variations in individual components, including leaf respiration, stem respiration and soil respiration, of ER were observed synchronously along the gradient of leaf–stem–soil over a 2 year period in three forest stands dominated by masson pine, loblolly pine and oak, respectively, in a subtropical forest ecosystem of central China. We found that Q10 in individual components of ER increased along the vertical gradient of leaf–stem–soil. The vertical pattern of Q10 in individual components of ER was ascribed to variations of diurnal temperature range (DTR) and activation energy (ΔHa). These results suggest that a vertical pattern of Q10 in individual components of ER along the gradient of leaf–stem–soil should be taken into consideration in process-based models that simulate respiratory carbon flux in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Dusza Y, Sanchez-Cañete EP, Galliard JFL, Ferrière R, Chollet S, Massol F, Hansart A, Juarez S, Dontsova K, Haren JV, Troch P, Pavao-Zuckerman MA, Hamerlynck E, Barron-Gafford GA. Biotic soil-plant interaction processes explain most of hysteric soil CO 2 efflux response to temperature in cross-factorial mesocosm experiment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:905. [PMID: 31969580 PMCID: PMC6976568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem carbon flux partitioning is strongly influenced by poorly constrained soil CO2 efflux (Fsoil). Simple model applications (Arrhenius and Q10) do not account for observed diel hysteresis between Fsoil and soil temperature. How this hysteresis emerges and how it will respond to variation in vegetation or soil moisture remains unknown. We used an ecosystem-level experimental system to independently control potential abiotic and biotic drivers of the Fsoil-T hysteresis. We hypothesized a principally biological cause for the hysteresis. Alternatively, Fsoil hysteresis is primarily driven by thermal convection through the soil profile. We conducted experiments under normal, fluctuating diurnal soil temperatures and under conditions where we held soil temperature near constant. We found (i) significant and nearly equal amplitudes of hysteresis regardless of soil temperature regime, and (ii) the amplitude of hysteresis was most closely tied to baseline rates of Fsoil, which were mostly driven by photosynthetic rates. Together, these findings suggest a more biologically-driven mechanism associated with photosynthate transport in yielding the observed patterns of soil CO2 efflux being out of sync with soil temperature. These findings should be considered on future partitioning models of ecosystem respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Dusza
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 77140, St-Pierre-les-Nemours, France.
| | | | - Jean-François Le Galliard
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 77140, St-Pierre-les-Nemours, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut d'Écologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Régis Ferrière
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ens (IBENS), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Simon Chollet
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 77140, St-Pierre-les-Nemours, France
| | - Florent Massol
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 77140, St-Pierre-les-Nemours, France
| | - Amandine Hansart
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 77140, St-Pierre-les-Nemours, France
| | - Sabrina Juarez
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 77140, St-Pierre-les-Nemours, France
| | - Katerina Dontsova
- Biosphere 2, Office of Research, Development, & Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Joost van Haren
- Biosphere 2, Office of Research, Development, & Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Peter Troch
- Biosphere 2, Office of Research, Development, & Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
- Department of Hydrology & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Mitchell A Pavao-Zuckerman
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States
| | - Erik Hamerlynck
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, OR, 97720, United States
| | - Greg A Barron-Gafford
- Biosphere 2, Office of Research, Development, & Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
- School of Geography & Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
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Piao S, Wang X, Wang K, Li X, Bastos A, Canadell JG, Ciais P, Friedlingstein P, Sitch S. Interannual variation of terrestrial carbon cycle: Issues and perspectives. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:300-318. [PMID: 31670435 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With accumulation of carbon cycle observations and model developments over the past decades, exploring interannual variation (IAV) of terrestrial carbon cycle offers the opportunity to better understand climate-carbon cycle relationships. However, despite growing research interest, uncertainties remain on some fundamental issues, such as the contributions of different regions, constituent fluxes and climatic factors to carbon cycle IAV. Here we overviewed the literature on carbon cycle IAV about current understanding of these issues. Observations and models of the carbon cycle unanimously show the dominance of tropical land ecosystems to the signal of global carbon cycle IAV, where tropical semiarid ecosystems contribute as much as the combination of all other tropical ecosystems. Vegetation photosynthesis contributes more than ecosystem respiration to IAV of the global net land carbon flux, but large uncertainties remain on the contribution of fires and other disturbance fluxes. Climatic variations are the major drivers to the IAV of net land carbon flux. Although debate remains on whether the dominant driver is temperature or moisture variability, their interaction,that is, the dependence of carbon cycle sensitivity to temperature on moisture conditions, is emerging as key regulators of the carbon cycle IAV. On timescales from the interannual to the centennial, global carbon cycle variability will be increasingly contributed by northern land ecosystems and oceans. Therefore, both improving Earth system models (ESMs) with the progressive understanding on the fast processes manifested at interannual timescale and expanding carbon cycle observations at broader spatial and longer temporal scales are critical to better prediction on evolution of the carbon-climate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ana Bastos
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munchen, Germany
| | - Josep G Canadell
- Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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