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Bacon CD, Hill A. Hybridization in palms (Arecaceae). Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70014. [PMID: 39011137 PMCID: PMC11246834 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybridization has significant evolutionary consequences across the Tree of Life. The process of hybridization has played a major role in plant evolution and has contributed to species richness and trait variation. Since morphological traits are partially a product of their environment, there may be a link between hybridization and ecology. Plant hybrid species richness is noted to be higher in harsh environments, and we explore this hypothesis with a keystone tropical plant lineage, palms (Arecaceae). Leveraging a recent literature review of naturally occurring palm hybrids, we developed a method to calculate hybrid frequency, and then tested if there is phylogenetic signal of hybrids using a phylogeny of all palms. Further, we used phylogenetic comparative methods to examine the interaction between hybrid frequency and presence in dry environments, on islands, and the species richness of genera. Phylogenetic generalized least squares models had stronger support than models of random association, indicating phylogenetic signal for the presence of hybrids in dry and island environments. However, all p-values were >.05 and therefore the correlation was poor between hybridization and the trait frequencies examined. Presence in particular environments are not strongly correlated to hybrid frequency, but phylogenetic signal suggests a role in its distribution in different habitats. Hybridization in palms is not evenly distributed across subfamilies, tribes, subtribes yet plays an important role in palm diversity, nonetheless. Increasing our understanding hybridization in this economically and culturally important plant family is essential, particularly since rates are projected to increase with climate change, reconfiguring the dynamics and distribution of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine D. Bacon
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
| | - Adrian Hill
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity CentreGothenburgSweden
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Chen S, Stark SC, Nobre AD, Cuartas LA, de Jesus Amore D, Restrepo-Coupe N, Smith MN, Chitra-Tarak R, Ko H, Nelson BW, Saleska SR. Amazon forest biogeography predicts resilience and vulnerability to drought. Nature 2024; 631:111-117. [PMID: 38898277 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Amazonia contains the most extensive tropical forests on Earth, but Amazon carbon sinks of atmospheric CO2 are declining, as deforestation and climate-change-associated droughts1-4 threaten to push these forests past a tipping point towards collapse5-8. Forests exhibit complex drought responses, indicating both resilience (photosynthetic greening) and vulnerability (browning and tree mortality), that are difficult to explain by climate variation alone9-17. Here we combine remotely sensed photosynthetic indices with ground-measured tree demography to identify mechanisms underlying drought resilience/vulnerability in different intact forest ecotopes18,19 (defined by water-table depth, soil fertility and texture, and vegetation characteristics). In higher-fertility southern Amazonia, drought response was structured by water-table depth, with resilient greening in shallow-water-table forests (where greater water availability heightened response to excess sunlight), contrasting with vulnerability (browning and excess tree mortality) over deeper water tables. Notably, the resilience of shallow-water-table forest weakened as drought lengthened. By contrast, lower-fertility northern Amazonia, with slower-growing but hardier trees (or, alternatively, tall forests, with deep-rooted water access), supported more-drought-resilient forests independent of water-table depth. This functional biogeography of drought response provides a framework for conservation decisions and improved predictions of heterogeneous forest responses to future climate changes, warning that Amazonia's most productive forests are also at greatest risk, and that longer/more frequent droughts are undermining multiple ecohydrological strategies and capacities for Amazon forest resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Chen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Scott C Stark
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Luz Adriana Cuartas
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Diogo de Jesus Amore
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Natalia Restrepo-Coupe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Cupoazu LLC, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marielle N Smith
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Rutuja Chitra-Tarak
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Hongseok Ko
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Bruce W Nelson
- Brazil's National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Scott R Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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3
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Levis C, Flores BM, Campos-Silva JV, Peroni N, Staal A, Padgurschi MCG, Dorshow W, Moraes B, Schmidt M, Kuikuro TW, Kuikuro H, Wauja K, Kuikuro K, Kuikuro A, Fausto C, Franchetto B, Watling J, Lima H, Heckenberger M, Clement CR. Contributions of human cultures to biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:866-879. [PMID: 38503867 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The expansion of globalized industrial societies is causing global warming, ecosystem degradation, and species and language extinctions worldwide. Mainstream conservation efforts still focus on nature protection strategies to revert this crisis, often overlooking the essential roles of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IP&LC) in protecting biodiversity and ecosystems globally. Here we assess the scientific literature to identify relationships between biodiversity (including ecosystem diversity) and cultural diversity, and investigate how these connections may affect conservation outcomes in tropical lowland South America. Our assessment reveals a network of interactions and feedbacks between biodiversity and diverse IP&LC, suggesting interconnectedness and interdependencies from which multiple benefits to nature and societies emerge. We illustrate our findings with five case studies of successful conservation models, described as consolidated or promising 'social-ecological hope spots', that show how engagement with IP&LC of various cultures may be the best hope for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation, particularly when aligned with science and technology. In light of these five inspiring cases, we argue that conservation science and policies need to recognize that protecting and promoting both biological and cultural diversities can provide additional co-benefits and solutions to maintain ecosystems resilient in the face of global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Levis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- Affiliated scholar, Brazil LAB, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Bernardo M Flores
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Campos-Silva
- Instituto Juruá, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo Peroni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Arie Staal
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maíra C G Padgurschi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas aplicadas à Agricultura, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Wetherbee Dorshow
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Earth Analytic, Puente Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Bruno Moraes
- Earth Analytic, Puente Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil
| | - Morgan Schmidt
- Laboratório de Estudos Interdisciplinares em Arqueologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Taku Wate Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Huke Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Kumessi Wauja
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Kalutata Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Afukaka Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fausto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Visiting Research Scholar, Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies, Brazil LAB, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bruna Franchetto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Watling
- Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Charles R Clement
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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Witteveen NH, White C, Sánchez-Martínez BA, Philip A, Boyd F, Booij R, Christ R, Singh S, Gosling WD, Piperno DR, McMichael CNH. Pre-contact and post-colonial ecological legacies shape Surinamese rainforests. Ecology 2024; 105:e4272. [PMID: 38590101 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Disturbances in tropical forests can have long-lasting ecological impacts, but their manifestations (ecological legacies) in modern forests are uncertain. Many Amazonian forests bear the mark of past soil modifications, species enrichments, and fire events, but the trajectories of ecological legacies from the pre-contact or post-colonial period remain relatively unexplored. We assessed the fire and vegetation history from 15 soil cores ranging from 0 to 10 km from a post-colonial Surinamese archaeological site. We show that (1) fires occurred from 96 bc to recent times and induced significant vegetation change, (2) persistent ecological legacies from pre-contact and post-colonial fire and deforestation practices were mainly within 1 km of the archaeological site, and (3) palm enrichment of Attalea, Oenocarpus and Astrocaryum occurred within 0, 1, and 8 km of the archaeological site, respectively. Our results challenge the notion of spatially extensive and persistent ecological legacies. Instead, our data indicate that the persistence and extent of ecological legacies are dependent on their timing, frequency, type, and intensity. Examining the mechanisms and manifestations of ecological legacies is crucial in assessing forest resilience and Indigenous and local land rights in the highly threatened Amazonian forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina H Witteveen
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cheryl White
- Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Anton de Kom University, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Barbara A Sánchez-Martínez
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Philip
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Femke Boyd
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roemer Booij
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reyan Christ
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Santosh Singh
- Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Anton de Kom University, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - William D Gosling
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dolores R Piperno
- Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Panama
| | - Crystal N H McMichael
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Medeiros LADE, Gentil E, Kaefer IL, Cohn-Haft M. Distribution and diversification of Adelphobates, emblematic poison frogs from Brazilian Amazonia. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230659. [PMID: 38655924 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320230659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Adelphobates contains three species, and the inaccurate identification of A. quinquevittatus and the scarcity of records of A. castaneoticus complicate inference of their distributions; the latter species occurs in sympatry with A. galactonotus. Our objective was to revise the distributions of Adelphobates by compiling data and modeling habitat suitability, as range limits may be shaped by landscape features and biotic interactions. We initially analyzed the existence of operational taxonomic units within the nominal species and subsequently inferred the observed and potential distributions, taking into account the possible independent lineages for the three species, and we also generated a molecular timetree to understand the chronology of interspecific diversification events. Adelphobates quinquevittatus was found to have a more easterly distribution than previously described, and specimens with phenotypic variation were found to occur in areas inconsistent with the modeling, and A. castaneoticus was concentrated in the Tapajós-Xingu interfluve, surrounded by A. galactonotus. Models indicated that the right bank of the Xingu River is suitable for both species, indeed, both were found there. Despite Adelphobates species having their distributions delimited by major Amazonian rivers, estimated divergence times predate the formation of the modern river network, suggesting that other mechanisms were involved in their diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A DE Medeiros
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Gentil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Igor L Kaefer
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, 6200, Coroado I, 69077-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Mario Cohn-Haft
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coleção de Aves, Coordenação de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
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Albuquerque UP, Maroyi A, Ladio AH, Pieroni A, Abbasi AM, Toledo BA, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Hallwass G, Soldati GT, Odonne G, Vandebroek I, Vallès J, Hurrell JA, Pardo de Santayana M, La Torre-Cuadros MDLÁ, Silva MTP, Jacob MCM, da Fonseca-Kruel VS, Ferreira Júnior WS. Advancing ethnobiology for the ecological transition and a more inclusive and just world: a comprehensive framework for the next 20 years. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2024; 20:18. [PMID: 38360640 PMCID: PMC10870687 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This opinion piece, written by ethnobiologists from different parts of the world, emphasizes the importance of ethnobiology research in advancing contemporary biology, natural resource management, biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, and, especially, contributing to the ecological transition and more just and inclusive world. To achieve these goals, it is essential to develop research and collaborate with social groups that live in close relationship with nature in research activities, such as Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC), as well as Afro-descendants and other Marginalized, Minority or Minoritized Communities (AMMC). Ethnobiology can identify and provide locally appropriate solutions to local problems, enabling sustainable resource management at the landscape level. The text explores important aspects that need to be considered to guide the future of ethnobiology in the next 20 years, aiming to integrate and amplify previous discussions held in the discipline and identify points that demand ongoing attention. This paper highlights reflections from diverse researchers, emphasizing how ethnobiology can embrace different perspectives and employ rigorous analysis of complex phenomena toward effective policies and practices. This approach holds the potential to address the challenges the planet is currently facing in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
- Centro de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Alfred Maroyi
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Ana H Ladio
- Grupo de Etnobiología, INIBIOMA (Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente, Universidad del Comahue- CONICET), Quintral 1250, S.C. de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Andrea Pieroni
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042, Pollenzo, Cuneo, Italy
- Department of Medical Analysis, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan, 44001, Iraq
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Bárbara Arias Toledo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET-UNC), Edificio de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Farid Dahdouh-Guebas
- Systems Ecology and Resource Management Research Unit (SERM), Department of Organism Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB, Brussels, Belgium
- Mangrove Specialist Group (MSG), Species Survival Commission (SSC), International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Zoological Society of London, London, UK
- Interfaculty Institute of Social-Ecological Transitions, Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gustavo Hallwass
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, São Sebastião do Paraíso, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Taboada Soldati
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guillaume Odonne
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions Des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA), CNRS-Université de Guyane-IFREMER, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Ina Vandebroek
- Department of Life Sciences and Natural Products Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the West Indies Mona, Mona, Jamaica
- Institute of Economic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joan Vallès
- Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Catalans, C. Carme 47, 08001, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Julio Alberto Hurrell
- Laboratorio de Etnobotánica y Botánica Aplicada (LEBA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Investigador CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel Pardo de Santayana
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María de Los Ángeles La Torre-Cuadros
- Universidad Científica del Sur, Av. Panamericana Sur Km 19, Villa EL Salvador, 15067, Lima, Peru
- Grupo Sistemas Socioecológicos y Servicios Ecosistémicos, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Av. La Universidad S/N Lima 12, Lima, Peru
| | - María Teresa Pulido Silva
- Laboratorio de Etnobiología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Cd. Universitaria, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo, Km 4.5 S/N, CP 42184, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
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da Silva Souza DA, da Bandeira DR, Peroni N. Yams (Dioscorea spp.) in shellmounds and swiddens: ancient history in Babitonga Bay, Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2024; 20:13. [PMID: 38308263 PMCID: PMC10836009 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Babitonga Bay, southern Brazil, records of yam consumption exist among shellmound builders from at least 4000 years ago. Shellmounds (sambaquis) are anthropogenic structures in the form of mounds with layers of shells associated with other faunal remains, as well as with charcoal, artefacts and burial. Larger sambaquis are considered to be funerary monuments. The indigenous Jê and Guarani people also lived in the region before the European invasion and cultivated yams. Currently, exotic and domesticated yams are cultivated in the region by farmers. Our aim is to describe the long-term history between the people and Dioscorea in the Babitonga Bay region based on its consumption and occurrence in shellmounds and swiddens. METHODS Surveys of Dioscorea spp. and host were carried out in the vegetation of shellmounds and in the surrounding area using visual detection through intensive searches in transects using the walking method. The survey of Dioscorea species used and cultivated in the precolonial, colonial and current periods was carried out based on the literature. In the present study, only Dioscorea trifida cultivations were recorded. RESULTS Dioscorea cayennensis, Dioscorea chondrocarpa, Dioscorea dodecaneura, Dioscorea laxiflora, Dioscorea olfersiana, and Dioscorea scabra, all recorded in associated vegetation of shellmounds, in different combinations of the species. In swiddens, D. trifida is most common, followed by Dioscorea alata and, to a lesser extent, Dioscorea bulbifera and D. cayennensis. Records of food use prevail, but they are used as medicinal plants. Yams are integrated on anthropogenic soils of shellmounds and in swiddens in monoculture systems or in intercropping with Zea mays or Colocasia esculenta. The presence of exotic food trees and D. cayennensis in some shellmounds indicates the influence of colonizers on the composition of the vegetation. In sambaquis, there are overlapping processes of construction of cultural niches by different human groups at different times. CONCLUSIONS The sambaquis and the associated vegetation and swiddens form part of a domesticated landscape. The native species of Dioscorea recorded in shellmounds and surrounding vegetation do not depend on human action to perpetuate themselves in the environment. However, this does not rule out human influence in the past, but it does not indicate horticulture among the Sambaquianos. Greater investment in genetic, archaeobotanical and ethnobotanical research can contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between people and yams over thousands of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalzemira Anselmo da Silva Souza
- Graduate Program in Biology of Fungi, Algae and Plants, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- Museu Arqueológico de Sambaqui de Joinville, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Human Ecology and Ethnobotany, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Dione Rocha da Bandeira
- Museu Arqueológico de Sambaqui de Joinville, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cultural Heritage and Society, Universidade da Região de Joinville, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo Peroni
- Graduate Program in Biology of Fungi, Algae and Plants, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human Ecology and Ethnobotany, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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8
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Qin SY, Zuo ZY, Xu SX, Liu J, Yang FM, Luo YH, Ye JW, Zhao Y, Rong J, Liu B, Ma PF, Li DZ. Anthropogenic disturbance driving population decline of a dominant tree in East Asia evergreen broadleaved forests over the last 11,000 years. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14180. [PMID: 37700668 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Current biodiversity loss is generally considered to have been caused by anthropogenic disturbance, but it is unclear when anthropogenic activities began to affect biodiversity loss. One hypothesis suggests it began with the Industrial Revolution, whereas others propose that anthropogenic disturbance has been associated with biodiversity decline since the early Holocene. To test these hypotheses, we examined the unique vegetation of evergreen broadleaved forests (EBLFs) in East Asia, where humans have affected landscapes since the early Holocene. We adopted a genomic approach to infer the demographic history of a dominant tree (Litsea elongata) of EBLFs. We used Holocene temperature and anthropogenic disturbance factors to calculate the correlation between these variables and the historical effective population size of L. elongata with Spearman statistics and integrated the maximum-entropy niche model to determine the impact of climate change and anthropogenic disturbance on fluctuation in its effective population size. We identified 9 well-defined geographic clades for the populations of L. elongata. Based on the estimated historical population sizes of these clades, all the populations contracted, indicating persistent population decline over the last 11,000 years. Demographic history of L. elongata and human population change, change in cropland use, and change in irrigated rice area were significantly negatively correlated, whereas climate change in the Holocene was not correlated with demographic history. Our results support the early human impact hypothesis and provide comprehensive evidence that early anthropogenic disturbance may contribute to the current biodiversity crisis in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yuan Qin
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Zuo
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Shuang-Xiu Xu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Feng-Mao Yang
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Huang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Wei Ye
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Rong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng-Fei Ma
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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9
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Molnár Z, Aumeeruddy-Thomas Y, Babai D, Díaz S, Garnett ST, Hill R, Bates P, Brondízio ES, Cariño J, Demeter L, Fernández-Llamazares Á, Guèze M, McElwee P, Öllerer K, Purvis A, Reyes-García V, Samakov A, Singh RK. Towards richer knowledge partnerships between ecology and ethnoecology. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:109-115. [PMID: 37981565 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous and traditional practices based on ethnoecological knowledge are fundamental to biodiversity stewardship and sustainable use. Knowledge partnerships between Indigenous Peoples, traditional local communities, and ecologists can produce richer and fairer understandings of nature. We identify key topical areas where such collaborations can positively transform science, policy, and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Molnár
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research, 2163 Vácrátót, Alkotmány u. 2-4, Hungary.
| | - Yildiz Aumeeruddy-Thomas
- Centre for Functional and Evolutionary Ecology (CEFE), CNRS, University of Montpellier, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Dániel Babai
- Institute of Ethnology, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Stephen T Garnett
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Rosemary Hill
- Division of Tropical Environments and Societies, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Bates
- Local and Indigenous Knowledge System (LINKS), Division for Science Policy and Capacity Building, Natural Science Sector, UNESCO, Paris, France
| | - Eduardo S Brondízio
- Department of Anthropology, and Center for the Analysis of Social Ecological Landscapes (CASEL), Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Environment and Society Program (NEPAM), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Joji Cariño
- Forest Peoples Programme, Moreton-in-Marsh, UK
| | - László Demeter
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research, 2163 Vácrátót, Alkotmány u. 2-4, Hungary
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology (BABVE) & Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maximilien Guèze
- UNESCO Man and the Biosphere, Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences, Natural Science Sector, UNESCO, Paris, France
| | - Pamela McElwee
- Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kinga Öllerer
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research, 2163 Vácrátót, Alkotmány u. 2-4, Hungary; Institute of Biology, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Victoria Reyes-García
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament d'Antropologia Social i Cultural, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aibek Samakov
- Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ranjay K Singh
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India / Division of Agricultural Extension, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
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10
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Flores BM, Montoya E, Sakschewski B, Nascimento N, Staal A, Betts RA, Levis C, Lapola DM, Esquível-Muelbert A, Jakovac C, Nobre CA, Oliveira RS, Borma LS, Nian D, Boers N, Hecht SB, Ter Steege H, Arieira J, Lucas IL, Berenguer E, Marengo JA, Gatti LV, Mattos CRC, Hirota M. Critical transitions in the Amazon forest system. Nature 2024; 626:555-564. [PMID: 38356065 PMCID: PMC10866695 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The possibility that the Amazon forest system could soon reach a tipping point, inducing large-scale collapse, has raised global concern1-3. For 65 million years, Amazonian forests remained relatively resilient to climatic variability. Now, the region is increasingly exposed to unprecedented stress from warming temperatures, extreme droughts, deforestation and fires, even in central and remote parts of the system1. Long existing feedbacks between the forest and environmental conditions are being replaced by novel feedbacks that modify ecosystem resilience, increasing the risk of critical transition. Here we analyse existing evidence for five major drivers of water stress on Amazonian forests, as well as potential critical thresholds of those drivers that, if crossed, could trigger local, regional or even biome-wide forest collapse. By combining spatial information on various disturbances, we estimate that by 2050, 10% to 47% of Amazonian forests will be exposed to compounding disturbances that may trigger unexpected ecosystem transitions and potentially exacerbate regional climate change. Using examples of disturbed forests across the Amazon, we identify the three most plausible ecosystem trajectories, involving different feedbacks and environmental conditions. We discuss how the inherent complexity of the Amazon adds uncertainty about future dynamics, but also reveals opportunities for action. Keeping the Amazon forest resilient in the Anthropocene will depend on a combination of local efforts to end deforestation and degradation and to expand restoration, with global efforts to stop greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo M Flores
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
| | - Encarni Montoya
- Geosciences Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Boris Sakschewski
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Arie Staal
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A Betts
- Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK
- Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Carolina Levis
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - David M Lapola
- Center for Meteorological and Climatic Research Applied to Agriculture, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriane Esquível-Muelbert
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Catarina Jakovac
- Department of Plant Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Nobre
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Laura S Borma
- Division of Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerabilities (DIIAV), National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Da Nian
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Niklas Boers
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- Earth System Modelling, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanna B Hecht
- Luskin School for Public Affairs and Institute of the Environment, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Arieira
- Science Panel for the Amazon (SPA), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - José A Marengo
- Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alerta de Desastres Naturais, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Natural Disasters, UNESP/CEMADEN, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- Graduate School of International Studies, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Luciana V Gatti
- Division of Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerabilities (DIIAV), National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Caio R C Mattos
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Marina Hirota
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
- Group IpES, Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
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11
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Cooper DLM, Lewis SL, Sullivan MJP, Prado PI, Ter Steege H, Barbier N, Slik F, Sonké B, Ewango CEN, Adu-Bredu S, Affum-Baffoe K, de Aguiar DPP, Ahuite Reategui MA, Aiba SI, Albuquerque BW, de Almeida Matos FD, Alonso A, Amani CA, do Amaral DD, do Amaral IL, Andrade A, de Andrade Miranda IP, Angoboy IB, Araujo-Murakami A, Arboleda NC, Arroyo L, Ashton P, Aymard C GA, Baider C, Baker TR, Balinga MPB, Balslev H, Banin LF, Bánki OS, Baraloto C, Barbosa EM, Barbosa FR, Barlow J, Bastin JF, Beeckman H, Begne S, Bengone NN, Berenguer E, Berry N, Bitariho R, Boeckx P, Bogaert J, Bonyoma B, Boundja P, Bourland N, Boyemba Bosela F, Brambach F, Brienen R, Burslem DFRP, Camargo JL, Campelo W, Cano A, Cárdenas S, Cárdenas López D, de Sá Carpanedo R, Carrero Márquez YA, Carvalho FA, Casas LF, Castellanos H, Castilho CV, Cerón C, Chapman CA, Chave J, Chhang P, Chutipong W, Chuyong GB, Cintra BBL, Clark CJ, Coelho de Souza F, Comiskey JA, Coomes DA, Cornejo Valverde F, Correa DF, Costa FRC, Costa JBP, Couteron P, Culmsee H, Cuni-Sanchez A, Dallmeier F, Damasco G, Dauby G, Dávila N, Dávila Doza HP, De Alban JDT, de Assis RL, De Canniere C, De Haulleville T, de Jesus Veiga Carim M, Demarchi LO, Dexter KG, Di Fiore A, Din HHM, Disney MI, Djiofack BY, Djuikouo MNK, Do TV, Doucet JL, Draper FC, Droissart V, Duivenvoorden JF, Engel J, Estienne V, Farfan-Rios W, Fauset S, Feeley KJ, Feitosa YO, Feldpausch TR, Ferreira C, Ferreira J, Ferreira LV, Fletcher CD, Flores BM, Fofanah A, Foli EG, Fonty É, Fredriksson GM, Fuentes A, Galbraith D, Gallardo Gonzales GP, Garcia-Cabrera K, García-Villacorta R, Gomes VHF, Gómez RZ, Gonzales T, Gribel R, Guedes MC, Guevara JE, Hakeem KR, Hall JS, Hamer KC, Hamilton AC, Harris DJ, Harrison RD, Hart TB, Hector A, Henkel TW, Herbohn J, Hockemba MBN, Hoffman B, Holmgren M, Honorio Coronado EN, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Hubau W, Imai N, Irume MV, Jansen PA, Jeffery KJ, Jimenez EM, Jucker T, Junqueira AB, Kalamandeen M, Kamdem NG, Kartawinata K, Kasongo Yakusu E, Katembo JM, Kearsley E, Kenfack D, Kessler M, Khaing TT, Killeen TJ, Kitayama K, Klitgaard B, Labrière N, Laumonier Y, Laurance SGW, Laurance WF, Laurent F, Le TC, Le TT, Leal ME, Leão de Moraes Novo EM, Levesley A, Libalah MB, Licona JC, Lima Filho DDA, Lindsell JA, Lopes A, Lopes MA, Lovett JC, Lowe R, Lozada JR, Lu X, Luambua NK, Luize BG, Maas P, Magalhães JLL, Magnusson WE, Mahayani NPD, Makana JR, Malhi Y, Maniguaje Rincón L, Mansor A, Manzatto AG, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Marshall AR, Martins MP, Mbayu FM, de Medeiros MB, Mesones I, Metali F, Mihindou V, Millet J, Milliken W, Mogollón HF, Molino JF, Mohd Said MN, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Montero JC, Moore S, Mostacedo B, Mozombite Pinto LF, Mukul SA, Munishi PKT, Nagamasu H, Nascimento HEM, Nascimento MT, Neill D, Nilus R, Noronha JC, Nsenga L, Núñez Vargas P, Ojo L, Oliveira AA, de Oliveira EA, Ondo FE, Palacios Cuenca W, Pansini S, Pansonato MP, Paredes MR, Paudel E, Pauletto D, Pearson RG, Pena JLM, Pennington RT, Peres CA, Permana A, Petronelli P, Peñuela Mora MC, Phillips JF, Phillips OL, Pickavance G, Piedade MTF, Pitman NCA, Ploton P, Popelier A, Poulsen JR, Prieto A, Primack RB, Priyadi H, Qie L, Quaresma AC, de Queiroz HL, Ramirez-Angulo H, Ramos JF, Reis NFC, Reitsma J, Revilla JDC, Riutta T, Rivas-Torres G, Robiansyah I, Rocha M, Rodrigues DDJ, Rodriguez-Ronderos ME, Rovero F, Rozak AH, Rudas A, Rutishauser E, Sabatier D, Sagang LB, Sampaio AF, Samsoedin I, Satdichanh M, Schietti J, Schöngart J, Scudeller VV, Seuaturien N, Sheil D, Sierra R, Silman MR, Silva TSF, da Silva Guimarães JR, Simo-Droissart M, Simon MF, Sist P, Sousa TR, de Sousa Farias E, de Souza Coelho L, Spracklen DV, Stas SM, Steinmetz R, Stevenson PR, Stropp J, Sukri RS, Sunderland TCH, Suzuki E, Swaine MD, Tang J, Taplin J, Taylor DM, Tello JS, Terborgh J, Texier N, Theilade I, Thomas DW, Thomas R, Thomas SC, Tirado M, Toirambe B, de Toledo JJ, Tomlinson KW, Torres-Lezama A, Tran HD, Tshibamba Mukendi J, Tumaneng RD, Umaña MN, Umunay PM, Urrego Giraldo LE, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Valenzuela Gamarra L, Van Andel TR, van de Bult M, van de Pol J, van der Heijden G, Vasquez R, Vela CIA, Venticinque EM, Verbeeck H, Veridiano RKA, Vicentini A, Vieira ICG, Vilanova Torre E, Villarroel D, Villa Zegarra BE, Vleminckx J, von Hildebrand P, Vos VA, Vriesendorp C, Webb EL, White LJT, Wich S, Wittmann F, Zagt R, Zang R, Zartman CE, Zemagho L, Zent EL, Zent S. Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities. Nature 2024; 625:728-734. [PMID: 38200314 PMCID: PMC10808064 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Trees structure the Earth's most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1-6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth's 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world's most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan L M Cooper
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Simon L Lewis
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK.
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Martin J P Sullivan
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Paulo I Prado
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Barbier
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ferry Slik
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Corneille E N Ewango
- Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources Management and Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | - Daniel P P de Aguiar
- Procuradoria-Geral de Justiça, Ministério Público do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Shin-Ichiro Aiba
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Bianca Weiss Albuquerque
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Alfonso Alonso
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christian A Amani
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia
- Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Iêda Leão do Amaral
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ana Andrade
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Ilondea B Angoboy
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Peter Ashton
- Bullard Emeritus Professor of Forestry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gerardo A Aymard C
- Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, Guanare, Venezuela
| | - Cláudia Baider
- The Mauritius Herbarium, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Reduit, Mauritius
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Henrik Balslev
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Olaf S Bánki
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jean-Francois Bastin
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Serge Begne
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Robert Bitariho
- Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory (ISOFYS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Bogaert
- Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liege, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Bonyoma
- Section de la Foresterie, Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomique Yangambi, Yangambi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Patrick Boundja
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia
- Congo Programme, Wildlife Conservation Society, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Nils Bourland
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia
- Forest Resources Management, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Resources and Synergies Development, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Faustin Boyemba Bosela
- Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Fabian Brambach
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roel Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - José Luís Camargo
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wegliane Campelo
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Ciências Ambientais, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Angela Cano
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Cambridge University Botanic Garden, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sasha Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Fernanda Antunes Carvalho
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luisa Fernanda Casas
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hernán Castellanos
- Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Puerto Ordaz, Venezuela
| | - Carolina V Castilho
- Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Embrapa Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Carlos Cerón
- Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Colin A Chapman
- Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Phourin Chhang
- Institute of Forest and Wildlife Research and Development (IRD), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Wanlop Chutipong
- Conservation Ecology Program, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - George B Chuyong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Plant Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Connie J Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Fernanda Coelho de Souza
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- BeZero, London, UK
| | - James A Comiskey
- Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service, Fredericksburg, VA, USA
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David A Coomes
- Department of Plant Sciences and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Diego F Correa
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Flávia R C Costa
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Pierre Couteron
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Heike Culmsee
- State Agency for Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology, Güstrow, Germany
| | - Aida Cuni-Sanchez
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
- Department of International Environmental and Development Studies (NORAGRIC), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Francisco Dallmeier
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gabriel Damasco
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gilles Dauby
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Nállarett Dávila
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Don T De Alban
- Centre for Nature-Based Climate Solutions, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Phillipines Programme, Fauna and Flora International, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rafael L de Assis
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, Brazil
| | - Charles De Canniere
- Landscape Ecology and Vegetal Production Systems Unit, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Layon O Demarchi
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Hazimah Haji Mohammad Din
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | | | - Brice Yannick Djiofack
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques (INERA), Wood Laboratory of Yangambi, Yangambi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Noël K Djuikouo
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Science, Department of Plant Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Tran Van Do
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jean-Louis Doucet
- Forest Is Life, TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Freddie C Draper
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Vincent Droissart
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Joost F Duivenvoorden
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Engel
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vittoria Estienne
- Congo Programme, Wildlife Conservation Society, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - William Farfan-Rios
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sophie Fauset
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Kenneth J Feeley
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Yuri Oliveira Feitosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Botânica), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Cid Ferreira
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ernest G Foli
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Émile Fonty
- Direction Régionale de la Guyane, Office National des Forêts, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Alfredo Fuentes
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, MO, USA
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Instituto de Ecología, Carrera de Biología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Karina Garcia-Cabrera
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Roosevelt García-Villacorta
- Programa Restauración de Ecosistemas (PRE), Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica (CINCIA), Tambopata, Peru
- Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCBC), Iquitos, Peru
| | - Vitor H F Gomes
- Escola de Negócios Tecnologia e Inovação, Centro Universitário do Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Zárate Gómez
- PROTERRA, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos, Peru
| | | | - Rogerio Gribel
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Juan Ernesto Guevara
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud-BIOMAS, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jefferson S Hall
- Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Alan C Hamilton
- Honorary Professor, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
| | | | | | - Terese B Hart
- Lukuru Wildlife Research Foundation, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andy Hector
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Terry W Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, CA, USA
| | - John Herbohn
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Milena Holmgren
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Euridice N Honorio Coronado
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos, Peru
- University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | | | - Wannes Hubau
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Department of Environment, Laboratory of Wood Technology (Woodlab), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nobuo Imai
- Department of Forest Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariana Victória Irume
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Patrick A Jansen
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Panama
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn J Jeffery
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Eliana M Jimenez
- Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Fauna y Flora Silvestre, Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Imani, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Amazonia, Leticia, Colombia
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - André Braga Junqueira
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michelle Kalamandeen
- School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Narcisse G Kamdem
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Kuswata Kartawinata
- Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - John M Katembo
- Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Kenfack
- Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Kessler
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thiri Toe Khaing
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Bente Klitgaard
- Department for Accelerated Taxonomy, Royal Botanic Gardens, Richmond, UK
| | - Nicolas Labrière
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Laumonier
- Forest and Environment Program, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Félix Laurent
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques (INERA), Wood Laboratory of Yangambi, Yangambi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tinh Cong Le
- Viet Nature Conservation Centre, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Miguel E Leal
- Uganda Programme, Wildlife Conservation Society, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Moses B Libalah
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Juan Carlos Licona
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Aline Lopes
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Jon C Lovett
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - Richard Lowe
- Botany Department, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - José Rafael Lozada
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Xinghui Lu
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Nestor K Luambua
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomiques (INERA), Wood Laboratory of Yangambi, Yangambi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources Management, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculté des sciences Agronomiques, Université Officielle de Mbujimayi, Mbujimayi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Bruno Garcia Luize
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paul Maas
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - José Leonardo Lima Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Brazil
| | - William E Magnusson
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Jean-Remy Makana
- Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire d'Écologie et Aménagement Forestier, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lorena Maniguaje Rincón
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Asyraf Mansor
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia
| | | | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Andrew R Marshall
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
- Flamingo Land, Kirby Misperton, UK
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria Pires Martins
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Italo Mesones
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Faizah Metali
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Vianet Mihindou
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Libreville, Gabon
- Ministère de la Forêt, de la Mer, de l'Environnement, Chargé du Plan Climat, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Jerome Millet
- Office français de la biodiversité, Vincennes, France
| | - William Milliken
- Department for Ecosystem Stewardship, Royal Botanic Gardens, Richmond, UK
| | | | - Jean-François Molino
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Abel Monteagudo Mendoza
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Peru
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
| | - Juan Carlos Montero
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Sam Moore
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bonifacio Mostacedo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Sharif Ahmed Mukul
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Environment and Development Studies, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Pantaleo K T Munishi
- Department of Ecosystems and Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Marcelo Trindade Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goyatacazes, Brazil
| | - David Neill
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Laurent Nsenga
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Percy Núñez Vargas
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
| | - Lucas Ojo
- University of Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Alexandre A Oliveira
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edmar Almeida de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Susamar Pansini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG-Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Petratti Pansonato
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ekananda Paudel
- Centre for Mountain Ecosystem Studies, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Daniela Pauletto
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Richard G Pearson
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - R Toby Pennington
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Pascal Petronelli
- Cirad UMR Ecofog, AgrosParisTech, CNRS, INRAE, Université Guyane, Kourou Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Pierre Ploton
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Andreas Popelier
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - John R Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- The Nature Conservancy, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Hari Priyadi
- Department of Resource and Environmental Economics (ESL), IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Lan Qie
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Adriano Costa Quaresma
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
- Wetland Department, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Rastatt, Germany
| | - Helder Lima de Queiroz
- Diretoria Técnico-Científica, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Brazil
| | - Hirma Ramirez-Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - José Ferreira Ramos
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Neidiane Farias Costa Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG-Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Jan Reitsma
- Waardenburg Ecology, Culemborg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Terhi Riutta
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- College of Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Gonzalo Rivas-Torres
- Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Iyan Robiansyah
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Center for Plant Conservation Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Science, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Maira Rocha
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - M Elizabeth Rodriguez-Ronderos
- Centre for Nature-Based Climate Solutions, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francesco Rovero
- Deparment of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Tropical Biodiversity Section, Museo delle Scienze (MUSE), Trento, Italy
| | - Andes H Rozak
- Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Agustín Rudas
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Daniel Sabatier
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Le Bienfaiteur Sagang
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adeilza Felipe Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG-Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Ismayadi Samsoedin
- Forest Research and Development Center, Research, Development and Innovation Agency, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Manichanh Satdichanh
- Centre for Mountain Ecosystem Studies, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Juliana Schietti
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jochen Schöngart
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM)-Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB1), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Sheil
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miles R Silman
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Murielle Simo-Droissart
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Plinio Sist
- Cirad-ES, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA C-105/D, Montpellier, France
| | - Thaiane R Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle de Sousa Farias
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA), Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz de Souza Coelho
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Suzanne M Stas
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Pablo R Stevenson
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Biogeography Department, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - Rahayu S Sukri
- Institute for Biodiversity and Environmental Research, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Terry C H Sunderland
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eizi Suzuki
- Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Michael D Swaine
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jianwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - James Taplin
- UK Research and Innovation, Innovate UK, London, UK
| | - David M Taylor
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Sebastián Tello
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Terborgh
- Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Ida Theilade
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Duncan W Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Sean C Thomas
- Institute of Forestry and Conservation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin Toirambe
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Ministère de l'Environnement et Développement Durable, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Kyle W Tomlinson
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
| | - Armando Torres-Lezama
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | | | - John Tshibamba Mukendi
- Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Faculté de Gestion de Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculté des Sciences Appliquées, Université de Mbujimayi, Mbujimayi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Roven D Tumaneng
- Phillipines Programme, Fauna and Flora International, Cambridge, UK
- Emerging Technology Development Division, Department of Science and Technology Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development (DOST-PCIEERD), Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Maria Natalia Umaña
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter M Umunay
- Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Elvis H Valderrama Sandoval
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, USA
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | | | - Tinde R Van Andel
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van de Bult
- Doi Tung Development Project, Social Development Department, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - César I A Vela
- Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Puerto Maldonado, Peru
| | | | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab-Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Alberto Vicentini
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Emilio Vilanova Torre
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
- Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Villarroel
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
- Fundación Amigos de la Naturaleza (FAN), Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Jason Vleminckx
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Faculté des Sciences, Service d'Évolution Biologique et Écologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Vincent Antoine Vos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales de la Amazonía, Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | | | - Edward L Webb
- Viikki Tropical Resources Institute, Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lee J T White
- Ministry of Forests, Seas, Environment and Climate, Libreville, Gabon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Serge Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Florian Wittmann
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
- Wetland Department, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Rastatt, Germany
| | | | - Runguo Zang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Charles Eugene Zartman
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Lise Zemagho
- International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, IRD-UYI-IRGM, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Egleé L Zent
- Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Stanford Zent
- Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
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12
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Sze JS, Childs DZ, Carrasco LR, Fernández-Llamazares Á, Garnett ST, Edwards DP. Indigenous Peoples' Lands are critical for safeguarding vertebrate diversity across the tropics. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e16981. [PMID: 37888836 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous Peoples are long-term custodians of their lands, but only recently are their contributions to conservation starting to be recognized in biodiversity policy and practice. Tropical forest loss and degradation are lower in Indigenous lands than unprotected areas, yet the role of Indigenous Peoples' Lands (IPL) in biodiversity conservation has not been properly assessed from regional to global scales. Using species distribution ranges of 11,872 tropical forest-dependent vertebrates to create area of habitat maps, we identified the overlap of these species ranges with IPL and then compared values inside and outside of IPL for species richness, extinction vulnerability, and range-size rarity. Of assessed vertebrates, at least 76.8% had range overlaps with IPL, on average overlapping ~25% of their ranges; at least 120 species were found only within IPL. Species richness within IPL was highest in South America, while IPL in Southeast Asia had highest extinction vulnerability, and IPL in Dominica and New Caledonia were important for range-size rarity. Most countries in the Americas had higher species richness within IPL than outside, whereas most countries in Asia had lower extinction vulnerability scores inside IPL and more countries in Africa and Asia had slightly higher range-size rarity in IPL. Our findings suggest that IPL provide critical support for tropical forest-dependent vertebrates, highlighting the need for greater inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in conservation target-setting and program implementation, and stronger upholding of Indigenous Peoples' rights in conservation policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne S Sze
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - L Roman Carrasco
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology (BABVE-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen T Garnett
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - David P Edwards
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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13
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Ter Steege H, Pitman NCA, do Amaral IL, de Souza Coelho L, de Almeida Matos FD, de Andrade Lima Filho D, Salomão RP, Wittmann F, Castilho CV, Guevara JE, Veiga Carim MDJ, Phillips OL, Magnusson WE, Sabatier D, Revilla JDC, Molino JF, Irume MV, Martins MP, da Silva Guimarães JR, Ramos JF, Bánki OS, Piedade MTF, Cárdenas López D, Rodrigues DDJ, Demarchi LO, Schöngart J, Almeida EJ, Barbosa LF, Cavalheiro L, Dos Santos MCV, Luize BG, de Leão Novo EMM, Vargas PN, Silva TSF, Venticinque EM, Manzatto AG, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Honorio Coronado EN, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Montero JC, Costa FRC, Feldpausch TR, Quaresma AC, Castaño Arboleda N, Zartman CE, Killeen TJ, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Vasquez R, Mostacedo B, Assis RL, Baraloto C, do Amaral DD, Engel J, Petronelli P, Castellanos H, de Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Laurance WF, Laurance SGW, Maniguaje Rincón L, Schietti J, Sousa TR, de Sousa Farias E, Lopes MA, Magalhães JLL, Nascimento HEM, de Queiroz HL, Aymard C GA, Brienen R, Stevenson PR, Araujo-Murakami A, Baker TR, Cintra BBL, Feitosa YO, Mogollón HF, Duivenvoorden JF, Peres CA, Silman MR, Ferreira LV, Lozada JR, Comiskey JA, Draper FC, de Toledo JJ, Damasco G, García-Villacorta R, Lopes A, Vicentini A, Cornejo Valverde F, Alonso A, Arroyo L, Dallmeier F, Gomes VHF, Jimenez EM, Neill D, Peñuela Mora MC, Noronha JC, de Aguiar DPP, Barbosa FR, Bredin YK, de Sá Carpanedo R, Carvalho FA, de Souza FC, Feeley KJ, Gribel R, Haugaasen T, Hawes JE, Pansonato MP, Ríos Paredes M, Barlow J, Berenguer E, da Silva IB, Ferreira MJ, Ferreira J, Fine PVA, Guedes MC, Levis C, Licona JC, Villa Zegarra BE, Vos VA, Cerón C, Durgante FM, Fonty É, Henkel TW, Householder JE, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Pos E, Silveira M, Stropp J, Thomas R, Daly D, Dexter KG, Milliken W, Molina GP, Pennington T, Vieira ICG, Weiss Albuquerque B, Campelo W, Fuentes A, Klitgaard B, Pena JLM, Tello JS, Vriesendorp C, Chave J, Di Fiore A, Hilário RR, de Oliveira Pereira L, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, van Andel TR, von Hildebrand P, Balee W, Barbosa EM, de Matos Bonates LC, Dávila Doza HP, Zárate Gómez R, Gonzales T, Gallardo Gonzales GP, Hoffman B, Junqueira AB, Malhi Y, de Andrade Miranda IP, Pinto LFM, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Silva N, Vela CIA, Zent EL, Zent S, Cano A, Carrero Márquez YA, Correa DF, Costa JBP, Flores BM, Galbraith D, Holmgren M, Kalamandeen M, Lobo G, Torres Montenegro L, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Pombo MM, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rocha M, Scudeller VV, Sierra R, Tirado M, Umaña MN, van der Heijden G, Vilanova Torre E, Reategui MAA, Baider C, Balslev H, Cárdenas S, Casas LF, Endara MJ, Farfan-Rios W, Ferreira C, Linares-Palomino R, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Parada GA, Torres-Lezama A, Urrego Giraldo LE, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, de Oliveira EA, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Cuenca WP, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Ramirez Arevalo F, Sampaio AF, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Gamarra LV, Levesley A, Pickavance G, Melgaço K. Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1130. [PMID: 37938615 PMCID: PMC10632362 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.
- Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
| | - Nigel C A Pitman
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, USA
| | - Iêda Leão do Amaral
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Luiz de Souza Coelho
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Diógenes de Andrade Lima Filho
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Rafael P Salomão
- Programa Professor Visitante Nacional Sênior na Amazônia - CAPES, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Perimetral, s/n, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040, Brazil
| | - Florian Wittmann
- Wetland Department, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Josefstr.1, Rastatt, D-76437, Germany
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Carolina V Castilho
- Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Embrapa Roraima, BR 174, km 8 - Distrito Industrial, Boa Vista, RR, 69301-970, Brazil
| | - Juan Ernesto Guevara
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud-BIOMAS, Universidad de las Américas, Campus Queri, Quito, Ecuador
- Keller Science Action Center, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, USA
| | - Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Amapá - IEPA, Rodovia JK, Km 10, Campus do IEPA da Fazendinha, Macapá, AP, 68901-025, Brazil
| | - Oliver L Phillips
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - William E Magnusson
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Daniel Sabatier
- AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - Juan David Cardenas Revilla
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Jean-François Molino
- AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34398, France
| | - Mariana Victória Irume
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Maria Pires Martins
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | | | - José Ferreira Ramos
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Olaf S Bánki
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Dairon Cárdenas López
- Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto SINCHI, Calle 20 No 5-44, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues
- ICNHS, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, 78.557-267, Brazil
| | - Layon O Demarchi
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Jochen Schöngart
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Everton José Almeida
- ICNHS, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1200, Sinop, MT, 78557-267, Brazil
| | - Luciane Ferreira Barbosa
- ICNHS, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1200, Sinop, MT, 78557-267, Brazil
| | - Larissa Cavalheiro
- ICNHS, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1200, Sinop, MT, 78557-267, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Garcia Luize
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, CP 6109, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo
- Divisao de Sensoriamento Remoto - DSR, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, Jardim da Granja, São José dos Campos, SP, 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Percy Núñez Vargas
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
| | | | - Eduardo Martins Venticinque
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Angelo Gilberto Manzatto
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Rodovia BR 364 s/n Km 9,5 - Sentido Acre, Unir, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - Neidiane Farias Costa Reis
- Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho Km 9,5 bairro Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - John Terborgh
- Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - Katia Regina Casula
- Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho Km 9,5 bairro Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - Euridice N Honorio Coronado
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Av. A. Quiñones km 2,5, Iquitos, Loreto, 784, Peru
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, Irvine Building, St Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK
| | - Abel Monteagudo Mendoza
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - Juan Carlos Montero
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Av. 6 de agosto #28, Km. 14, Doble via La Guardia, Casilla, Santa Cruz, 6204, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Flávia R C Costa
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Adriano Costa Quaresma
- Wetland Department, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Josefstr.1, Rastatt, D-76437, Germany
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | | | - Charles Eugene Zartman
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Bonifacio Mostacedo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Rafael L Assis
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Chris Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB) Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 243, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Dário Dantas do Amaral
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040, Brazil
| | - Julien Engel
- AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB) Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 243, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Pascal Petronelli
- Cirad UMR Ecofog, AgrosParisTech, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Guyane, Campus agronomique, Kourou Cedex, 97379, France
| | - Hernán Castellanos
- Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Calle Chile, urbaniz Chilemex, Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar, Venezuela
| | - Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia, Brasilia, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fragomeni Simon
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia, Brasilia, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Ana Andrade
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - José Luís Camargo
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - Lorena Maniguaje Rincón
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Juliana Schietti
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Thaiane R Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle de Sousa Farias
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA), Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, AM, 69060-001, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Pav. Arthur Neiva - Térreo, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Lopes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, PA, 66075, Brazil
| | - José Leonardo Lima Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/n°, Belém, PA, 66095-903, Brazil
| | - Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Helder Lima de Queiroz
- Diretoria Técnico-Científica, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Tefé, AM, 69470-000, Brazil
| | - Gerardo A Aymard C
- Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, Guanare, Portuguesa, 3350, Venezuela
| | - Roel Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pablo R Stevenson
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Tim R Baker
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Yuri Oliveira Feitosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia (Botânica), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, 69067, Brazil
| | - Hugo F Mogollón
- Endangered Species Coalition, 8530 Geren Rd., Silver Spring, MD, 20901, USA
| | - Joost F Duivenvoorden
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Miles R Silman
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Leandro Valle Ferreira
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040, Brazil
| | - José Rafael Lozada
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes, Via Chorros de Milla, 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - James A Comiskey
- Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, VA, 22405, USA
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA
| | - Freddie C Draper
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - José Julio de Toledo
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Ciências Ambientais, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km2, Macapá, AP, 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Damasco
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottbergs gata 22b, Gothenburg, 413 19, Sweden
| | - Roosevelt García-Villacorta
- Programa Restauración de Ecosistemas (PRE), Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica (CINCIA), Jr. Cajamarca Cdra. 1 s/n, Tambopata, Madre de Dios, Peru
- Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCBC), Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Aline Lopes
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Alberto Vicentini
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | | | - Alfonso Alonso
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA
| | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Francisco Dallmeier
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA
| | - Vitor H F Gomes
- Escola de Negócios Tecnologia e Inovação, Centro Universitário do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Environmental Science Program, Geosciences Department, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Eliana M Jimenez
- Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Fauna y Flora Silvestre, Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Imani, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Amazonia, Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia
| | - David Neill
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | | | - Janaína Costa Noronha
- ICNHS, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, 78.557-267, Brazil
| | - Daniel P P de Aguiar
- Procuradoria-Geral de Justiça, Ministério Público do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Coronel Teixeira, 7995, Manaus, AM, 69037-473, Brazil
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa
- ICNHS, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, 78.557-267, Brazil
| | - Yennie K Bredin
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003 NMBU, Aas, 1432, Aas, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Sognsveien 68, Oslo, 0855, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rainiellen de Sá Carpanedo
- ICNHS, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Alexandre Ferronato 1200, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT, 78.557-267, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Antunes Carvalho
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Coelho de Souza
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Kenneth J Feeley
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, FL, 33156, USA
| | - Rogerio Gribel
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Torbjørn Haugaasen
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003 NMBU, Aas, 1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Joseph E Hawes
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, Cumbria, LA22 9BB, UK
| | - Marcelo Petratti Pansonato
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
- Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Marcos Ríos Paredes
- Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL, Jr. Independencia 405, Iquitos, Loreto, 784, Peru
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Izaias Brasil da Silva
- Postgraduate program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology - Bionorte, Federal University of Acre, Rodovia 364, km 4.5, Distrito industrial, Rio Branco, AC, 69900-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Julia Ferreira
- Postgraduate program in Ethnobiology and Nature Conservation, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Pernambuco, PB, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/n°, Belém, PA, 66095-903, Brazil
| | - Paul V A Fine
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
| | - Marcelino Carneiro Guedes
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km 5, Macapá, AP, 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Carolina Levis
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário - Córrego Grande, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Licona
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Av. 6 de agosto #28, Km. 14, Doble via La Guardia, Casilla, Santa Cruz, 6204, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Vincent Antoine Vos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales de la Amazonía, Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Campus Universitario Final, Av. Ejercito, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - Carlos Cerón
- Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central, Ap. Postal, 17.01.2177, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Flávia Machado Durgante
- Wetland Department, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Josefstr.1, Rastatt, D-76437, Germany
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Émile Fonty
- AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- Direction régionale de la Guyane, Office national des forêts, Cayenne, 97300, French Guiana
| | - Terry W Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA, 95521, USA
| | - John Ethan Householder
- Wetland Department, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Josefstr.1, Rastatt, D-76437, Germany
| | - Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco
- Herbario HAG, Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios (UNAMAD), Av. Jorge Chávez, 1160, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Edwin Pos
- Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University Botanic Gardens, P.O. Box 80162, Utrecht, 3508 TD, The Netherlands
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rodovia BR 364, Km 4, s/n, Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, 69915-559, Brazil
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C. de José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Doug Daly
- New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, New York, NY, 10458-5126, USA
| | - Kyle G Dexter
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, 201 Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH3 5LR, UK
| | - William Milliken
- Department for Ecosystem Stewardship, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Guido Pardo Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales de la Amazonía, Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Campus Universitario Final, Av. Ejercito, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - Toby Pennington
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Magalhães Barata 376, C.P. 399, Belém, PA, 66040, Brazil
| | - Bianca Weiss Albuquerque
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Wegliane Campelo
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Ciências Ambientais, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km2, Macapá, AP, 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Fuentes
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universitario UMSA, Casilla 10077 Correo Central, La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA
| | - Bente Klitgaard
- Department for Accelerated Taxonomy, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - José Luis Marcelo Pena
- Universidad Nacional de Jaén, Carretera Jaén San Ignacio Km 23, Jaén, Cajamarca, 06801, Peru
| | - J Sebastián Tello
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA
| | - Corine Vriesendorp
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605-2496, USA
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 5174 EDB, Toulouse, 31000, France
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, SAC 5.150, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Renato Richard Hilário
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Ciências Ambientais, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km2, Macapá, AP, 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Oliveira Pereira
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | - Gonzalo Rivas-Torres
- Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Tinde R van Andel
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
- Biosystematics group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | | | - William Balee
- Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, 101 Dinwiddie Hall, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Edelcilio Marques Barbosa
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Zárate Gómez
- PROTERRA, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Av. A. Quiñones km 2,5, Iquitos, Loreto, 784, Peru
| | - Therany Gonzales
- ACEER Foundation, Jirón Cusco N° 370, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | | | - Bruce Hoffman
- Amazon Conservation Team, 4211 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA, 22203, USA
| | - André Braga Junqueira
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, England, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado, 7945, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Agustín Rudas
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado, 7945, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Ademir R Ruschel
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro s/n°, Belém, PA, 66095-903, Brazil
| | - Natalino Silva
- Instituto de Ciência Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, Belém, PA, 66.077-830, Brazil
| | - César I A Vela
- Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Jirón San Martín 451, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Egleé L Zent
- Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Ado 20632, Caracas, DC, 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Stanford Zent
- Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC, Ado 20632, Caracas, DC, 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Angela Cano
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
- Cambridge University Botanic Garden, Cambridge University, 1 Brookside, Cambridge, CB2 1JE, UK
| | | | - Diego F Correa
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science CBCS, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa Costa
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amapá, Rod. Juscelino Kubitschek km 5, Macapá, AP, 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Monteiro Flores
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário - Córrego Grande, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - David Galbraith
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Milena Holmgren
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, Lumen, building number 100, Wageningen, Gelderland, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Kalamandeen
- School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Guilherme Lobo
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, CP 6109, Campinas, SP, 13083-867, Brazil
| | - Luis Torres Montenegro
- Herbarium Amazonense (AMAZ), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Calle Pebas/Nanay, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Marcelo Trindade Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-620, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Oliveira
- Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Maihyra Marina Pombo
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Hirma Ramirez-Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Maira Rocha
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB1, Av General Rodrigo Octavio 6200, Manaus, AM, 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Sierra
- GeoIS, El Día 369y El Telégrafo, 3° Piso, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Milton Tirado
- GeoIS, El Día 369y El Telégrafo, 3° Piso, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Maria Natalia Umaña
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Geertje van der Heijden
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Emilio Vilanova Torre
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York, NY, 10460, USA
| | | | - Cláudia Baider
- Instituto de Biociências - Dept. Ecologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
- The Mauritius Herbarium, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Reduit, 80835, Mauritius
| | - Henrik Balslev
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Building 1540, Aarhus C, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Sasha Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
| | - Luisa Fernanda Casas
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18a- 10, Bogotá, DC, 111711, Colombia
| | - María José Endara
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud-BIOMAS, Universidad de las Américas, Campus Queri, Quito, Ecuador
| | - William Farfan-Rios
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Cuzco, Peru
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Cid Ferreira
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Reynaldo Linares-Palomino
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, DC, 20560-0705, USA
| | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS), Sacta, Cochabamba, Bolivia
- FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Sacta, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Italo Mesones
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
| | - Germaine Alexander Parada
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Armando Torres-Lezama
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, 5101, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 64 x Cra 65, Medellín, Antioquia, 1027, Colombia
| | - Daniel Villarroel
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Post al 2489, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
- Fundación Amigos de la Naturaleza (FAN), Km. 7 1/2 Doble Vía La Guardia, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Roderick Zagt
- Tropenbos International, Horaplantsoen 12, Ede, 6717 LT, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel N Alexiades
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Marlowe Building, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Edmar Almeida de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Karina Garcia-Cabrera
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Lionel Hernandez
- Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Calle Chile, urbaniz Chilemex, Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar, Venezuela
| | | | - Susamar Pansini
- Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho Km 9,5 bairro Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pauletto
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, Campus Tapajós, Santarém, PA, 68015-110, Brazil
| | - Freddy Ramirez Arevalo
- Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Adeilza Felipe Sampaio
- Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia PPG- Bionorte, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus Porto Velho Km 9,5 bairro Rural, Porto Velho, RO, 76.824-027, Brazil
| | - Elvis H Valderrama Sandoval
- Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Pevas 5ta cdra, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | | | - Aurora Levesley
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Georgia Pickavance
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Karina Melgaço
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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14
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Phillips OL. Sensing Forests Directly: The Power of Permanent Plots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3710. [PMID: 37960066 PMCID: PMC10648163 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The need to measure, monitor, and understand our living planet is greater than ever. Yet, while many technologies are applied to tackle this need, one developed in the 19th century is transforming tropical ecology. Permanent plots, in which forests are directly sensed tree-by-tree and species-by-species, already provide a global public good. They could make greater contributions still by unlocking our potential to understand future ecological change, as the more that computational and remote technologies are deployed the greater the need to ground them with direct observations and the physical, nature-based skills of those who make them. To achieve this requires building profound connections with forests and disadvantaged communities and sustaining these over time. Many of the greatest needs and opportunities in tropical forest science are therefore not to be found in space or in silico, but in vivo, with the people, places and plots who experience nature directly. These are fundamental to understanding the health, predicting the future, and exploring the potential of Earth's richest ecosystems. Now is the time to invest in the tropical field research communities who make so much possible.
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15
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Bergallo HG, Rosa C, Ochoa AC, Manzatto AG, Guimaraes AF, Banhos A, Castilho CV, Barros CF, Norris D, Drucker DP, Rodrigues DJ, Baccaro FB, Lourenço IH, Zuanon J, Stegmann LF, Anjos MR, Silveira M, Araújo PSG, Bobrowiec PED, Fadini R, Neckel-Oliveira S, Emilio T, Santorelli Junior S, Magnusson WE. Long-term Ecological Research: Chasing fashions or being prepared for fashion changes? AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20230051. [PMID: 37878914 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320230051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term-ecological-research (LTER) faces many challenges, including the difficulty of obtaining long-term funding, changes in research questions and sampling designs, keeping researchers collecting standardized data for many years, impediments to interactions with local people, and the difficulty of integrating the needs of local decision makers with "big science". These issues result in a lack of universally accepted guidelines as to how research should be done and integrated among LTER sites. Here we discuss how the RAPELD (standardized field infrastructure system), can help deal with these issues as a complementary technique in LTER studies, allowing comparisons across landscapes and ecosystems and reducing sampling costs. RAPELD uses local surveys to understand broad spatial and temporal patterns while enhancing decision-making and training of researchers, local indigenous groups and traditional communities. Sampling of ecological data can be carried out by different researchers through standardized protocols, resulting in spatial data that can be used to answer temporal questions, and allow new questions to be investigated. Results can also be integrated into existing biodiversity networks. Integrated systems are the most efficient way to save resources, maximize results, and accumulate information that can be used in the face of the unknown unknowns upon which our future depends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena G Bergallo
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Ecologia, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Rosa
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Ana C Ochoa
- Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Departamento de Biología, Ejército de los Andes, 950, Capital, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Angelo Gilberto Manzatto
- Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Departamento de Biologia, Campus, Rodovia BR 364, Km 9,5, Bairro Rural, 76801-059 Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Aretha F Guimaraes
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Aureo Banhos
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Alto Universitário, s/n, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Carolina V Castilho
- Embrapa Roraima, Rodovia BR 174, Km 8, Caixa Postal 133, 69301-970 Boa Vista, RO, Brazil
| | - Claudia F Barros
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Botânica Estrutural, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, 22460-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Darren Norris
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Coordenação de Ciências Ambientais, Ramal da UNIFAP, Km 02, 68903-758 Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Debora P Drucker
- Embrapa Agricultura Digital, Av. André Tosello, nº 209, 13083-886 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Domingos J Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e Sociais, Av. Alexandre Ferronato, 1200, 78550-728 Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Fabricio B Baccaro
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Departamento de Biologia, Av. Rodrigo Octavio Gen. Rodrigo Octávio, 6200, 69080-900 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Igor H Lourenço
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Laboratório de Ictiologia e Ordenamento Pesqueiro do Vale do Rio Madeira, Rua Vinte e Nove de Agosto, 786, 69800-000 Humaitá, AM, Brazil
| | - Jansen Zuanon
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Lis F Stegmann
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Amazônia Oriental, Tv. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro, s/n, 66095-903 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Laboratório de Ictiologia e Ordenamento Pesqueiro do Vale do Rio Madeira, Rua Vinte e Nove de Agosto, 786, 69800-000 Humaitá, AM, Brazil
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, BR 364, Km 4, 69920-900 Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Patricia S G Araújo
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Paulo E D Bobrowiec
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fadini
- Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Av. Vera Paz, s/n, 68040-255 Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Selvino Neckel-Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Campus Universitário, s/n, 88040-970 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Thaise Emilio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado (PNPD), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, P.O. Box 6109, 13083-000 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Santorelli Junior
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Educação, Agricultura e Ambiente, Rua 29 de Agosto, 786, 69800-000 Humaitá, AM, Brazil
| | - William E Magnusson
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
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16
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Peripato V, Levis C, Moreira GA, Gamerman D, Ter Steege H, Pitman NCA, de Souza JG, Iriarte J, Robinson M, Junqueira AB, Trindade TB, de Almeida FO, Moraes CDP, Lombardo U, Tamanaha EK, Maezumi SY, Ometto JPHB, Braga JRG, Campanharo WA, Cassol HLG, Leal PR, de Assis MLR, da Silva AM, Phillips OL, Costa FRC, Flores BM, Hoffman B, Henkel TW, Umaña MN, Magnusson WE, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Barlow J, Milliken W, Lopes MA, Simon MF, van Andel TR, Laurance SGW, Laurance WF, Torres-Lezama A, Assis RL, Molino JF, Mestre M, Hamblin M, Coelho LDS, Lima Filho DDA, Wittmann F, Salomão RP, Amaral IL, Guevara JE, de Almeida Matos FD, Castilho CV, Carim MDJV, Cárdenas López D, Sabatier D, Irume MV, Martins MP, Guimarães JRDS, Bánki OS, Piedade MTF, Ramos JF, Luize BG, Novo EMMDL, Núñez Vargas P, Silva TSF, Venticinque EM, Manzatto AG, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Demarchi LO, Honorio Coronado EN, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Montero JC, Schöngart J, Feldpausch TR, Quaresma AC, Aymard C GA, Baraloto C, Castaño Arboleda N, Engel J, Petronelli P, Zartman CE, Killeen TJ, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Schietti J, Sousa TR, Vasquez R, Rincón LM, Berenguer E, Ferreira J, Mostacedo B, do Amaral DD, Castellanos H, de Medeiros MB, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Farias EDS, Magalhães JLL, Mendonça Nascimento HE, de Queiroz HL, Brienen R, Cardenas Revilla JD, Stevenson PR, Araujo-Murakami A, Barçante Ladvocat Cintra B, Feitosa YO, Barbosa FR, Carpanedo RDS, Duivenvoorden JF, de Noronha JDC, Rodrigues DDJ, Mogollón HF, Ferreira LV, Householder JE, Lozada JR, Comiskey JA, Draper FC, de Toledo JJ, Damasco G, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Lopes A, Cornejo Valverde F, Alonso A, Dallmeier F, Gomes VHF, Jimenez EM, Neill D, Peñuela Mora MC, de Aguiar DPP, Arroyo L, Antunes Carvalho F, Coelho de Souza F, Feeley KJ, Gribel R, Pansonato MP, Ríos Paredes M, Brasil da Silva I, Ferreira MJ, Fine PVA, Fonty É, Guedes MC, Licona JC, Pennington T, Peres CA, Villa Zegarra BE, Parada GA, Pardo Molina G, Vos VA, Cerón C, Maas P, Silveira M, Stropp J, Thomas R, Baker TR, Daly D, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Vieira ICG, Weiss Albuquerque B, Fuentes A, Klitgaard B, Marcelo-Peña JL, Silman MR, Tello JS, Vriesendorp C, Chave J, Di Fiore A, Hilário RR, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, von Hildebrand P, Pereira LDO, Barbosa EM, de Matos Bonates LC, Doza HPD, Zárate Gómez R, Gallardo Gonzales GP, Gonzales T, Malhi Y, de Andrade Miranda IP, Mozombite Pinto LF, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Silva N, Vela CIA, Zent EL, Zent S, Cano A, Carrero Márquez YA, Correa DF, Costa JBP, Galbraith D, Holmgren M, Kalamandeen M, Lobo G, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rocha M, Scudeller VV, Sierra R, Tirado M, van der Heijden G, Vilanova Torre E, Ahuite Reategui MA, Baider C, Balslev H, Cárdenas S, Casas LF, Farfan-Rios W, Ferreira C, Linares-Palomino R, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Urrego Giraldo LE, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, de Oliveira EA, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Palacios Cuenca W, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Ramirez Arevalo F, Sampaio AF, Valenzuela Gamarra L, Aragão LEOC. More than 10,000 pre-Columbian earthworks are still hidden throughout Amazonia. Science 2023; 382:103-109. [PMID: 37797008 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous societies are known to have occupied the Amazon basin for more than 12,000 years, but the scale of their influence on Amazonian forests remains uncertain. We report the discovery, using LIDAR (light detection and ranging) information from across the basin, of 24 previously undetected pre-Columbian earthworks beneath the forest canopy. Modeled distribution and abundance of large-scale archaeological sites across Amazonia suggest that between 10,272 and 23,648 sites remain to be discovered and that most will be found in the southwest. We also identified 53 domesticated tree species significantly associated with earthwork occurrence probability, likely suggesting past management practices. Closed-canopy forests across Amazonia are likely to contain thousands of undiscovered archaeological sites around which pre-Columbian societies actively modified forests, a discovery that opens opportunities for better understanding the magnitude of ancient human influence on Amazonia and its current state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Peripato
- Division of Earth Observation and Geoinformatics, General Coordination of Earth Sciences, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Levis
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Guido A Moreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Dani Gamerman
- Departamento de Métodos Estatísticos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Jonas G de Souza
- Department of Humanities, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Iriarte
- Department of Archaeology, College of Humanities, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mark Robinson
- Department of Archaeology, College of Humanities, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - André Braga Junqueira
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thiago B Trindade
- Instituto do Património Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN), Centro Nacional de Arqueologia (CNA), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fernando O de Almeida
- Departamento de Arqueologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Laranjeiras, SE, Brazil
| | - Claide de Paula Moraes
- Programa de Antropologia e Arqueologia, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Shira Y Maezumi
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jean P H B Ometto
- Division of Earth Observation and Geoinformatics, General Coordination of Earth Sciences, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - José R G Braga
- Division of Earth Observation and Geoinformatics, General Coordination of Earth Sciences, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Wesley A Campanharo
- Division of Earth Observation and Geoinformatics, General Coordination of Earth Sciences, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique L G Cassol
- Division of Earth Observation and Geoinformatics, General Coordination of Earth Sciences, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Philipe R Leal
- Division of Earth Observation and Geoinformatics, General Coordination of Earth Sciences, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro L R de Assis
- Division of Earth Observation and Geoinformatics, General Coordination of Earth Sciences, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana M da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Geography, Institute of Geography, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia R C Costa
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Monteiro Flores
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Terry W Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA
| | - Maria Natalia Umaña
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William E Magnusson
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Elvis H Valderrama Sandoval
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, UK
| | - William Milliken
- Department for Ecosystem Stewardship, Royal Botanic Gardens, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Maria Aparecida Lopes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fragomeni Simon
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Tinde R van Andel
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Armando Torres-Lezama
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Rafael L Assis
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Mickaël Mestre
- Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives, Bègles, France
| | - Michelle Hamblin
- Direction des Affaires Culturelles (DAC Guyane), Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Luiz de Souza Coelho
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Florian Wittmann
- Wetland Department, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Rastatt, Germany
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Rafael P Salomão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas e Botânica Tropical, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Belém, PA, Brazil
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Iêda Leão Amaral
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Juan Ernesto Guevara
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Universidad de las Américas, Campus Queri, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Carolina V Castilho
- Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Embrapa Roraima, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil
| | | | - Dairon Cárdenas López
- Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas (SINCHI), Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Daniel Sabatier
- AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mariana Victória Irume
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Maria Pires Martins
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Olaf S Bánki
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - José Ferreira Ramos
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Bruno Garcia Luize
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo
- Division of Earth Observation and Geoinformatics, General Coordination of Earth Sciences, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Percy Núñez Vargas
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | | | - Eduardo Martins Venticinque
- Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Neidiane Farias Costa Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - John Terborgh
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
- Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katia Regina Casula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Layon O Demarchi
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Euridice N Honorio Coronado
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Abel Monteagudo Mendoza
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Cusco, Cusco, Peru
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Pasco, Peru
| | - Juan Carlos Montero
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Jochen Schöngart
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Adriano Costa Quaresma
- Wetland Department, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Rastatt, Germany
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Gerardo A Aymard C
- Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar, Herbario Universitario (PORT), UNELLEZ-Guanare, Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela
| | - Chris Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB), Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nicolás Castaño Arboleda
- Herbario Amazónico Colombiano, Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas (SINCHI), Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Julien Engel
- AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- International Center for Tropical Botany (ICTB), Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pascal Petronelli
- Paracou research station, UMR EcoFoG Université de Guyane, Campus agronomique, Kourou Cedex, French Guiana
| | - Charles Eugene Zartman
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Ben Hur Marimon-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Juliana Schietti
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Thaiane R Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena M Rincón
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, UK
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Bonifacio Mostacedo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Hernán Castellanos
- Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar, Venezuela
| | - Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Prédio da Botânica e Ecologia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana Andrade
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - José Luís Camargo
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle de Sousa Farias
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis da Amazônia (EDTA), Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (Fiocruz Amazônia), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Leonardo Lima Magalhães
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Helder Lima de Queiroz
- Diretoria Técnico-Científica, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, AM, Brazil
| | - Roel Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Pablo R Stevenson
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Yuri Oliveira Feitosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa
- Institute of Natural, Human, and Social Sciences (ICNHS), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Rainiellen de Sá Carpanedo
- Institute of Natural, Human, and Social Sciences (ICNHS), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Joost F Duivenvoorden
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janaína da Costa de Noronha
- Institute of Natural, Human, and Social Sciences (ICNHS), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues
- Institute of Natural, Human, and Social Sciences (ICNHS), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | | | | | - John Ethan Householder
- Wetland Department, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Rastatt, Germany
| | - José Rafael Lozada
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - James A Comiskey
- Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Service, Fredericksburg, VA, USA
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Freddie C Draper
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - José Julio de Toledo
- Departamento de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Damasco
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nállarett Dávila
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt García-Villacorta
- Programa Restauración de Ecosistemas (PRE), Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica (CINCIA), Tambopata, Madre de Dios, Peru
- Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (PCBC), Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Aline Lopes
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Alfonso Alonso
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Francisco Dallmeier
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vitor H F Gomes
- Escola de Negócios Tecnologia e Inovação, Centro Universitário do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Environmental Science Program, Geosciences Department, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Eliana M Jimenez
- Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Fauna y Flora Silvestre, Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Imani, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Amazonia, Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia
| | - David Neill
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | | | - Daniel P P de Aguiar
- Procuradoria-Geral de Justiça, Ministério Público do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Luzmila Arroyo
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Fernanda Antunes Carvalho
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Coelho de Souza
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Kenneth J Feeley
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Rogerio Gribel
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Petratti Pansonato
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Izaias Brasil da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology Bionorte, Federal University of Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Maria Julia Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Ethnobiology and Nature Conservation, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Pernambuco, PB, Brazil
| | - Paul V A Fine
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Émile Fonty
- AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Direction régionale de la Guyane, Office national des forêts, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Juan Carlos Licona
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Toby Pennington
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Germaine Alexander Parada
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Guido Pardo Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales de la Amazonía, Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Campus Universitario Final, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - Vincent Antoine Vos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales de la Amazonía, Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián, Campus Universitario Final, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - Carlos Cerón
- Escuela de Biología Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Central, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Paul Maas
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Thomas
- Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Tim R Baker
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Doug Daly
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco
- Herbario HAG, Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios (UNAMAD), Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | | | - Bianca Weiss Albuquerque
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Fuentes
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universitario UMSA, La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bente Klitgaard
- Department for Accelerated Taxonomy, Royal Botanic Gardens, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - José Luis Marcelo-Peña
- Departamento Académico de Ingenieria Forestal y Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Jaén, Jaén, Cajamarca, Peru
| | - Miles R Silman
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - J Sebastián Tello
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier CNRS UMR 5174 EDB, Toulouse, France
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Renato Richard Hilário
- Departamento de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | | | - Gonzalo Rivas-Torres
- Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito-USFQ, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Edelcilio Marques Barbosa
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Zárate Gómez
- PROTERRA, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | | | | | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Oxford, England, UK
| | | | | | - Adriana Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Agustín Rudas
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Ademir R Ruschel
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Natalino Silva
- Instituto de Ciência Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - César I A Vela
- Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Egleé L Zent
- Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, DC, Venezuela
| | - Stanford Zent
- Laboratory of Human Ecology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, DC, Venezuela
| | - Angela Cano
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Cambridge University Botanic Garden, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Diego F Correa
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science (CBCS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Milena Holmgren
- Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, Netherlands
| | - Michelle Kalamandeen
- School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guilherme Lobo
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Trindade Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Oliveira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hirma Ramirez-Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Maira Rocha
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Emilio Vilanova Torre
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal (INDEFOR), Universidad de los Andes, Conjunto Forestal, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Cláudia Baider
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- The Mauritius Herbarium, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Henrik Balslev
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sasha Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Luisa Fernanda Casas
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - William Farfan-Rios
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Cusco, Cusco, Peru
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cid Ferreira
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Reynaldo Linares-Palomino
- Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Casimiro Mendoza
- Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Universidad Mayor de San Simon (UMSS), Sacta, Cochabamba, Bolivia
- FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia, Sacta, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Italo Mesones
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel Villarroel
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
- Fundación Amigos de la Naturaleza (FAN), Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Miguel N Alexiades
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Edmar Almeida de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Karina Garcia-Cabrera
- Biology Department and Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lionel Hernandez
- Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Puerto Ordaz, Bolivar, Venezuela
| | | | - Susamar Pansini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pauletto
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (FOPROP), Campus Tapajós, Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Fredy Ramirez Arevalo
- Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
| | - Adeilza Felipe Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Division of Earth Observation and Geoinformatics, General Coordination of Earth Sciences, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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17
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Schmidt MJ, Goldberg SL, Heckenberger M, Fausto C, Franchetto B, Watling J, Lima H, Moraes B, Dorshow WB, Toney J, Kuikuro Y, Waura K, Kuikuro H, Kuikuro TW, Kuikuro T, Kuikuro Y, Kuikuro A, Teixeira W, Rocha B, Honorato V, Tavares H, Magalhães M, Barbosa CA, da Fonseca JA, Mendes K, Alleoni LRF, Cerri CEP, Arroyo-Kalin M, Neves E, Perron JT. Intentional creation of carbon-rich dark earth soils in the Amazon. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh8499. [PMID: 37729404 PMCID: PMC11320335 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Fertile soil known as Amazonian dark earth is central to the debate over the size and ecological impact of ancient human populations in the Amazon. Dark earth is typically associated with human occupation, but it is uncertain whether it was created intentionally. Dark earth may also be a substantial carbon sink, but its spatial extent and carbon inventory are unknown. We demonstrate spatial and compositional similarities between ancient and modern dark earth and document modern Indigenous practices that enrich soil, which we use to propose a model for the formation of ancient dark earth. This comparison suggests that ancient Amazonians managed soil to improve fertility and increase crop productivity. These practices also sequestered and stored carbon in the soil for centuries, and we show that some ancient sites contain as much carbon as the above-ground rainforest biomass. Our results demonstrate the intentional creation of dark earth and highlight the value of Indigenous knowledge for sustainable rainforest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan J. Schmidt
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Materials Research in Archaeology and Ethnology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Laboratório de Estudos Interdisciplinares em Arqueologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Samuel L. Goldberg
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Carlos Fausto
- National Museum/ Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna Franchetto
- National Museum/ Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Watling
- Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wetherbee B. Dorshow
- Puente Institute, Nederland, CO, USA
- Earth Analytic Inc., Santa Fe, NM, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Yamalui Kuikuro
- Kuikuro Indigenous Association of the Upper Xingu (AIKAX), Ipatse, MT, Brazil
| | - Kumessi Waura
- Kuikuro Indigenous Association of the Upper Xingu (AIKAX), Ipatse, MT, Brazil
| | - Huke Kuikuro
- Kuikuro Indigenous Association of the Upper Xingu (AIKAX), Ipatse, MT, Brazil
| | - Taku Wate Kuikuro
- Kuikuro Indigenous Association of the Upper Xingu (AIKAX), Ipatse, MT, Brazil
| | - Takumã Kuikuro
- Kuikuro Indigenous Association of the Upper Xingu (AIKAX), Ipatse, MT, Brazil
| | - Yahila Kuikuro
- Kuikuro Indigenous Association of the Upper Xingu (AIKAX), Ipatse, MT, Brazil
| | - Afukaka Kuikuro
- Kuikuro Indigenous Association of the Upper Xingu (AIKAX), Ipatse, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Rocha
- Federal University of Western Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Hugo Tavares
- Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Kelton Mendes
- Tapera - Grupo de Estudos em Arqueologia Amazônica, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Neves
- Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J. Taylor Perron
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Materials Research in Archaeology and Ethnology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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18
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Requena Suarez D, Rozendaal DMA, De Sy V, Decuyper M, Málaga N, Durán Montesinos P, Arana Olivos A, De la Cruz Paiva R, Martius C, Herold M. Forest disturbance and recovery in Peruvian Amazonia. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3601-3621. [PMID: 36997337 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Amazonian forests function as biomass and biodiversity reservoirs, contributing to climate change mitigation. While they continuously experience disturbance, the effect that disturbances have on biomass and biodiversity over time has not yet been assessed at a large scale. Here, we evaluate the degree of recent forest disturbance in Peruvian Amazonia and the effects that disturbance, environmental conditions and human use have on biomass and biodiversity in disturbed forests. We integrate tree-level data on aboveground biomass (AGB) and species richness from 1840 forest plots from Peru's National Forest Inventory with remotely sensed monitoring of forest change dynamics, based on disturbances detected from Landsat-derived Normalized Difference Moisture Index time series. Our results show a clear negative effect of disturbance intensity tree species richness. This effect was also observed on AGB and species richness recovery values towards undisturbed levels, as well as on the recovery of species composition towards undisturbed levels. Time since disturbance had a larger effect on AGB than on species richness. While time since disturbance has a positive effect on AGB, unexpectedly we found a small negative effect of time since disturbance on species richness. We estimate that roughly 15% of Peruvian Amazonian forests have experienced disturbance at least once since 1984, and that, following disturbance, have been increasing in AGB at a rate of 4.7 Mg ha-1 year-1 during the first 20 years. Furthermore, the positive effect of surrounding forest cover was evident for both AGB and its recovery towards undisturbed levels, as well as for species richness. There was a negative effect of forest accessibility on the recovery of species composition towards undisturbed levels. Moving forward, we recommend that forest-based climate change mitigation endeavours consider forest disturbance through the integration of forest inventory data with remote sensing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Requena Suarez
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Danaë M A Rozendaal
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique De Sy
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Decuyper
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Natalia Málaga
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Durán Montesinos
- Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre (SERFOR), Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI), Lima, Peru
| | - Alexs Arana Olivos
- Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre (SERFOR), Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI), Lima, Peru
| | - Ricardo De la Cruz Paiva
- Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre (SERFOR), Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI), Lima, Peru
| | - Christopher Martius
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Germany gGmbH, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Herold
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Section 1.4 Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, Helmholtz Center Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
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Silva-Souza KJ, Pivato MG, Silva VC, Haidar RF, Souza AF. New patterns of the tree beta diversity and its determinants in the largest savanna and wetland biomes of South America. PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:369-384. [PMID: 37601544 PMCID: PMC10435914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Clear and data-driven bioregionalizations can provide a framework to test hypotheses and base biodiversity conservation. Here we used occurrence and abundance data in combination with objective analytical methods to propose two bioregionalization schemes for tree species of the Cerrado and the Pantanal in South America. We also evaluated the contribution of three sets of determinants of the occurrence- and abundance-based subregions. We compiled data on tree species composition from 894 local assemblages based on species occurrences, and from 658 local assemblages based on species abundances. We used an unconstrained community-level modelling approach and clustering techniques to identify and map tree subregions for the occurrence and the abundance data sets, separately. Hierarchical clustering analyses were conducted to investigate floristic affinities between the subregions and to map broader floristic regions. We used multinomial logistic regression models, deviance partitioning, and rank-sum tests to assess the main subregion correlates. We identified 18 occurrence- and four abundance-based subregions in the Cerrado-Pantanal. The hierarchical classifications grouped the occurrence-based subregions into nine floristic zones and abundance-based subregions into two broad floristic zones. Variation in subregions were explained mainly by environmental factors and spatial structure in both occurrence and abundance data sets. The occurrence- and abundance-based subregions are complementary approaches to disentangle macroecological patterns and to plan conservation efforts in the Cerrado and the Pantanal. Our findings based on occurrence data revealed more complex and interdigitated boundaries between subregions of tree species than previously reported. The environment, historical stability, and human effects act in a synergetic way on the distribution of the subregions. Finally, the relevance of contemporary environmental factors to the subregion patterns we found alert us to the profound impact global warming may have on the spatial organization of the Cerrado-Pantanal tree flora.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maíra G. Pivato
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, RN, Brazil
| | - Vinícius C. Silva
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, RN, Brazil
| | - Ricardo F. Haidar
- Curso de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, TO, Brazil
| | - Alexandre F. Souza
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, RN, Brazil
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Witteveen NH, White C, Sanchez Martinez BA, Booij R, Philip A, Gosling WD, Bush MB, McMichael CNH. Phytolith assemblages reflect variability in human land use and the modern environment. VEGETATION HISTORY AND ARCHAEOBOTANY 2023; 33:221-236. [PMID: 38404455 PMCID: PMC10884070 DOI: 10.1007/s00334-023-00932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Phytoliths preserved in soils and sediments can be used to provide unique insights into past vegetation dynamics in response to human and climate change. Phytoliths can reconstruct local vegetation in terrestrial soils where pollen grains typically decay, providing a range of markers (or lack thereof) that document past human activities. The ca. 6 million km2 of Amazonian forests have relatively few baseline datasets documenting changes in phytolith representation across gradients of human disturbances. Here we show that phytolith assemblages vary on local scales across a gradient of (modern) human disturbance in tropical rainforests of Suriname. Detrended correspondence analysis showed that the phytolith assemblages found in managed landscapes (shifting cultivation and a garden), unmanaged forests, and abandoned reforesting sites were clearly distinguishable from intact forests and from each other. Our results highlight the sensitivity and potential of phytoliths to be used in reconstructing successional trajectories after site usage and abandonment. Percentages of specific phytolith morphotypes were also positively correlated with local palm abundances derived from UAV data, and with biomass estimated from MODIS satellite imagery. This baseline dataset provides an index of likely changes that can be observed at other sites that indicate past human activities and long-term forest recovery in Amazonia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00334-023-00932-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina H. Witteveen
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cheryl White
- Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Anton de Kom University, Universiteitscomplex, Gebouw 7, Leysweg 86, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Barbara A. Sanchez Martinez
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roemer Booij
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Philip
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - William D. Gosling
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mark B. Bush
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA
| | - Crystal N. H. McMichael
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Cerqueira AF, Benchimol M, Sousa‐Santos C, Bezerra IM, Santana dos Santos M, Dalmolin ÂC, Gaiotto FA, Mielke MS. Trends and gaps in the literature on native palms of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. AUSTRAL ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Freitas Cerqueira
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz CEP: 45662‐900 Ilhéus Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16 Brazil
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB) CEP: 45653‐919 Ilhéus BR 415 km 22 Brazil
| | - Maíra Benchimol
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz CEP: 45662‐900 Ilhéus Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16 Brazil
| | - Catriane Sousa‐Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz CEP: 45662‐900 Ilhéus Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16 Brazil
| | - Inajara Marques Bezerra
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz CEP: 45662‐900 Ilhéus Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16 Brazil
| | - Martielly Santana dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz CEP: 45662‐900 Ilhéus Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16 Brazil
| | - Ândrea Carla Dalmolin
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB) CEP: 45653‐919 Ilhéus BR 415 km 22 Brazil
| | - Fernanda Amato Gaiotto
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz CEP: 45662‐900 Ilhéus Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Schramm Mielke
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz CEP: 45662‐900 Ilhéus Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16 Brazil
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Losapio G, Genes L, Knight CJ, McFadden TN, Pavan L. Monitoring and modelling the effects of ecosystem engineers on ecosystem functioning. Funct Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianalberto Losapio
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California USA
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Biosciences University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Luísa Genes
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | | | - Tyler N. McFadden
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California USA
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Lucas Pavan
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California USA
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23
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Falen L, Guedes M, de Castilho CV, Jorge RF, Bezerra FM, Magnusson WE. Palm live aboveground biomass in the riparian zones of a forest in Central Amazonia. Biotropica 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Falen
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Manaus AM Brazil
| | - Mariane Guedes
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Manaus AM Brazil
| | - Carolina V. de Castilho
- Embrapa Roraima & Programa de Pós‐graduação em Recursos Naturais Universidade Federal de Roraima Boa Vista RR Brazil
| | - Rafael F. Jorge
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Manaus AM Brazil
| | - Francisco M. Bezerra
- Centro de Estudos Integrados da Biodiversidade Amazônica (CENBAM) AM Manaus Brazil
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Rabett RJ, Morimoto R, Kahlert T, Stimpson CM, O’Donnell S, Mai Huong NT, Manh BV, Holmes R, Khánh PS, Van TT, Coward F. Prehistoric pathways to Anthropocene adaptation: Evidence from the Red River Delta, Vietnam. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280126. [PMID: 36753481 PMCID: PMC9907861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past twenty years, government advisory bodies have placed increasing emphasis on the need for adaptive measures in response to the effects of human-induced climate change. Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), which incorporate macroeconomic and climate variables, feature prominently in advisory content, though they rarely draw on data from outside strictly constrained hypothetical systems. This has led to assertions that they are not well-suited to approximate complex systemic human-environment processes. Modular, interdisciplinary approaches have offered a way to address this shortcoming; however, beyond climate records, prehistoric data continue to be under-utilised in developing such models. In this paper we highlight the contribution that archaeology and palaeoecology can make to the development of the next generation IAMs that are expected to enhance provision for more local and pro-active adaptations to future climate change. We present data from one of Southeast Asia's most heavily developed river deltas: the Red River (Song Hong) Delta, in Vietnam and localised analysis from the Tràng An Landscape Complex World Heritage Site, on the delta's southern margin. Comparison is made between Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP) 5-8.5 and SSP2-4.5 emission projection models and the Mid-Holocene inundation of the Red River Basin. We highlight the value to taking a scientific long view of coastal evolution through an illustrative set of eight research foci where palaeo-data can bring new and localised empirical data to bear on future risk management planning. We proceed to demonstrate the applicability of palaeoenvironmental, zooarchaeological and historical evidence to management and the development of sustainable conservation strategies using Tràng An as a case study. In so doing, we further highlight the importance of knowledge exchange between scientific, corporate, non-governmental, local, and state stakeholders to achieve tangible results on the ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Rabett
- Archaeology & Palaeoecology, School of Natural & Built Environment, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Institute for Hellenic Culture & the Liberal Arts, The American College of Greece, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - Risa Morimoto
- Department of Economics, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsten Kahlert
- Centre for Geographic Information Science and Geomatics, School of Natural & Built Environment, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shawn O’Donnell
- Department of Geography & Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bui Van Manh
- Department of Tourism, Ninh Bình City, Ninh Bình Province, Vietnam
| | - Rachael Holmes
- School of Geography, Geology & the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Phạm Sinh Khánh
- Tràng An Landscape Complex Management Board, Ninh Bình City, Ninh Bình Province, Vietnam
| | - Tran Tan Van
- Vietnam Institute of Geosciences & Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fiona Coward
- Department of Archaeology, Anthropology & Forensic Science, Faculty of Science & Technology Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom
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Serbin GM, Pinangé DSDB, Machado RM, Vasconcelos S, Amorim BS, Clement CR. Relationship between fruit phenotypes and domestication in hexaploid populations of biribá ( Annona mucosa) in Brazilian Amazonia. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14659. [PMID: 36710859 PMCID: PMC9879159 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biribá (Annona mucosa Jacq.) is a fruit tree domesticated in Amazonia and has polyploid populations. The species presents ample phenotypic variation in fruit characteristics, including weight (100-4,000 g) and differences in carpel protrusions. Two cytotypes are recorded in the literature (2n = 28, 42) and genome size records are divergent (2C = 4.77, 5.42 and 6.00 pg). To decipher the role of polyploidy in the domestication of A. mucosa, we examined the relationships among phenotypic variation, chromosome number and genome size, and which came first, polyploidization or domestication. Methodology We performed chromosome counts of A. mucosa from central and western Brazilian Amazonia, and estimated genome size by flow cytometry. We performed phylogenetic reconstruction with publicly available data using a Bayesian framework, time divergence analysis and reconstructed the ancestral chromosome number for the genus Annona and for A. mucosa. Results We observed that variation in fruit phenotypes is not associated with variation in chromosome number and genome size. The most recent common ancestor of A. mucosa is inferred to be polyploid and diverged before domestication. Conclusions We conclude that, when domesticated, A. mucosa was already polyploid and we suggest that human selection is the main evolutionary force behind fruit size and fruit morphological variation in Annona mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Melilli Serbin
- Postgraduate Program in Botany, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Sampaio Amorim
- Museu da Amazônia (MUSA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Natural Resources of Amazonia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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26
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Lavoie A, Thomas E, Olivier A. Local working collections as the foundation for an integrated conservation of Theobroma cacao L. in Latin America. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1063266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The intraspecific diversity of cacao has traditionally been preserved in genebanks. However, these establishments face various challenges, notably insufficient funding, accession redundancy, misidentification and lack of wild cacao population samples. In natural environments, it is expected that unknown varieties of cacao may still be found, but wild populations of cacao are increasingly threatened by climate change, deforestation, habitat loss, land use changes and poor knowledge. Farmers also retain diversity, but on-farm conservation is affected by geopolitical, economic, management and cultural issues, that are influenced at multiple scales, from the household to the international market. Taking separately, ex situ, in situ and on-farm conservation have not achieved adequate conservation fostering the inclusion of all stakeholders and the broad use of cacao diversity. We analyze the use of the traditional conservation strategies (ex situ, in situ and on-farm) and propose an integrated approach based on local working collections to secure cacao diversity in the long term. We argue that national conservation networks should be implemented in countries of origin to simultaneously maximize alpha (diversity held in any given working collection), beta (the change in diversity between working collections in different regions) and gamma diversity (overall diversity in a country).
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Spengler RN, Kienast F, Roberts P, Boivin N, Begun DR, Ashastina K, Petraglia M. Bearing Fruit: Miocene Apes and Rosaceous Fruit Evolution. BIOLOGICAL THEORY 2023; 18:134-151. [PMID: 37214192 PMCID: PMC10191964 DOI: 10.1007/s13752-022-00413-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Extinct megafaunal mammals in the Americas are often linked to seed-dispersal mutualisms with large-fruiting tree species, but large-fruiting species in Europe and Asia have received far less attention. Several species of arboreal Maloideae (apples and pears) and Prunoideae (plums and peaches) evolved large fruits starting around nine million years ago, primarily in Eurasia. As evolutionary adaptations for seed dispersal by animals, the size, high sugar content, and bright colorful visual displays of ripeness suggest that mutualism with megafaunal mammals facilitated the evolutionary change. There has been little discussion as to which animals were likely candidate(s) on the late Miocene landscape of Eurasia. We argue that several possible dispersers could have consumed the large fruits, with endozoochoric dispersal usually relying on guilds of species. During the Pleistocene and Holocene, the dispersal guild likely included ursids, equids, and elephantids. During the late Miocene, large primates were likely also among the members of this guild, and the potential of a long-held mutualism between the ape and apple clades merits further discussion. If primates were a driving factor in the evolution of this large-fruit seed-dispersal system, it would represent an example of seed-dispersal-based mutualism with hominids millions of years prior to crop domestication or the development of cultural practices, such as farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N. Spengler
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
- Domestication and Anthropogenic Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Frank Kienast
- Senckenberg Research Station of Quaternary, Palaeontology, Weimar, Germany
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
- isoTROPIC Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Boivin
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC USA
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - David R. Begun
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kseniia Ashastina
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
- Domestication and Anthropogenic Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Petraglia
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC USA
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland Australia
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Molina AA, Ferreira MJ, Oyaxaka Suruí L, Norder LAC, Costa Neto EM, Clement CR. Amazonian Invertebrates in the Traditional diet of the Paiter Suruí in Southeastern Brazil. HUMAN ECOLOGY: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL 2023; 51:209-219. [PMID: 37122818 PMCID: PMC10044069 DOI: 10.1007/s10745-023-00402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Paiter Suruí people in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon have a complex food system that includes insects and crustaceans. We designed our study to systematize data about the invertebrates they incorporate into their traditional diet. After conducting a review of the literature, we verified and expanded the data through semi-structured interviews with Paiter Suruí volunteers, and traced trends in their consumption of invertebrates. We identified 61 invertebrates, including 58 insects of the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and three crustaceans. While beetle larvae remain a popular choice, consumption of other insects and crustaceans seems to have diminished over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Andrade Molina
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Av. André Araujo, Petrópolis, Manaus, 2936, CEP: 69067-375 AM Brazil
| | - Maria Julia Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Etnobiologia e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco Brasil
| | - Leonardo Oyaxaka Suruí
- Licenciatura Pedagógica Intercultural, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Escola Paiter Suruí, Aldeia Joaquim, Cacoal, Rondônia Brasil
| | - Luiz Antonio Cabello Norder
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Eraldo Medeiros Costa Neto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil
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Silva AC, Souza AF. Spatial structure of the Caatinga woody flora: abundance patterns have environmental, Pleistocene, and indigenous drivers. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211019. [PMID: 36477232 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite growing knowledge on the distribution and functioning of dryland vegetation types, their internal biodiversity structure (i.e., subregions) is much less studied. In the delineation of subregions, the use of species occurrence or abundance data may reveal different aspects of metacommunity structure. We revisit the issue of the bioregionalization of the woody flora of the Caatinga, the largest block of the dry forest and woodland biome in Latin America, using abundance data. We also evaluated the drivers of the spatial distribution of plant subregions: historical, current environmental and human effects. Using a K-means partition on interpolated NMDS axes, we identified 10 abundance subregions. Aridity, topography and soil, biome stability since the Pleistocene, and historical indigenous effects were retained by a Multinomial Logistic regression model, and their combined fractions explained most of the abundance variability in subregions. The subregions we present may support spatialized conservation and management decisions in the lack of detailed local data. The present results confirm the Caatinga woody flora broad composition patterns uncovered using presence-absence data in previous studies. Additionally, we found larger subregions than those identified with presence and absence data, suggesting the existence of oligarchies of dominant species in distinct parts of the Caatinga biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto C Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Ecologia, CB, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, Caixa Postal 1524, 59078-900 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Alexandre F Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Ecologia, CB, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, Caixa Postal 1524, 59078-900 Natal, RN, Brazil
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31
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Heijink BM, Mattijs QA, Valencia R, Philip AL, Piperno DR, McMichael CNH. Long‐term fire and vegetation change in northwestern Amazonia. Biotropica 2022; 55:197-209. [PMID: 37081906 PMCID: PMC10108220 DOI: 10.1111/btp.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Amazonian forest plots are used to quantify biodiversity and carbon sequestration, and provide the foundation for much of what is known about tropical ecology. Many plots are assumed to be undisturbed, but recent work suggests that past fire, forest openings, and cultivation created vegetation changes that have persisted for decades to centuries (ecological legacies). The Yasuní Forest Dynamics plot is one of the most biodiverse places on earth, yet its human history remains unknown. Here, we use charcoal and phytolith analysis to investigate the fire and vegetation history of the Yasuní forest plot, and compare results with nearby forest plots in Colombia (Amacayacu) and Peru (Medio Putumayo-Algodón [MPA]) to explore the spatial variability of past disturbances and ecological legacies in northwestern Amazonia. Three 14C dated charcoal fragments provided evidence for a modern (1956 CE) and a past fire event ca. 750 years ago at Yasuní, compared with fire ages of 1000-1600 years ago documented at Amacayacu and MPA. Small-scale disturbances and localized canopy openings also occurred in the Yasuní plot. Phytolith assemblages from Yasuní and Amacayacu showed more variability in past vegetation change than MPA. Low-intensity, non-continuous disturbances occurred at all three plots in the past, and our results highlight the variability of past human activities both in space and time in northwestern Amazonia. Our data also suggest that post-Columbian human disturbances from the Rubber Boom (AD 1850-1920) and subsequent oil exploration have likely left stronger ecological legacies than those left by pre-Columbian peoples in our studied regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britte M. Heijink
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Quinten A. Mattijs
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Renato Valencia
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Quito Ecuador
| | - Annemarie L. Philip
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Dolores R. Piperno
- Department of Anthropology Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Washington District of Columbia USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Panama
| | - Crystal N. H. McMichael
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Asuk SA, Matthews TJ, Sadler JP, Pugh TAM, Ebu VT, Ifebueme NM, Kettridge N. Impact of human foraging on tree diversity, composition, and abundance in a tropical rainforest. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sijeh A. Asuk
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
| | - Thomas J. Matthews
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- CE3C – Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores – Depto de Ciências Agráriase Engenharia do Ambiente Angra do Heroísmo Portugal
| | - Jonathan P. Sadler
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Thomas A. M. Pugh
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Vincent T. Ebu
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
| | - Nzube M. Ifebueme
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
| | - Nicholas Kettridge
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
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33
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Ford A. Scrutinizing the paleoecological record of the Maya forest. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.868660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human expansion into and occupation of the New World coincided with the great transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene epoch, yet questions remain about how we detect human presence in the paleoecological record. In the Maya area of southern Mesoamerica, archeological evidence of the human imprint is largely invisible until ∼4,000 years ago. How do environmental changes after that time correspond and relate to human impacts? Are the archeological signatures of initial settlements in the Early Preclassic detected? Later, by ∼2,000 years ago when the Maya had fully settled the landscape, how does the evidence of forest compositional changes relate to human intervention? This paper evaluates published paleoecological data in light of the rise of the Maya civilization and reflects on interpretations of how swidden agriculture and the milpa cycle impacted the environment. Evaluating the contrast between the long archeological sequence of successful Maya development and paleoecological interpretations of destructive human-induced environmental impacts requires a concordance among pollen data, archeological evidence, ethnohistoric observations, ethnological studies of traditional Maya land use, and the historical ecology of the Maya forest today.
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Sze JS, Childs DZ, Carrasco LR, Edwards DP. Indigenous lands in protected areas have high forest integrity across the tropics. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4949-4956.e3. [PMID: 36302386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intact tropical forests have a high conservation value.1 Although perceived as wild,2 they have been under long-term human influence.3 As global area-based conservation targets increase, the ecological contributions of Indigenous peoples through their governance institutions and practices4 are gaining mainstream interest. Indigenous lands-covering a quarter of Earth's surface5 and overlapping with a third of intact forests6-often have reduced deforestation, degradation, and carbon emissions, compared with non-protected areas and protected areas.7,8 A key question with implications for the design of more equitable and effective conservation policies is to understand the impacts of Indigenous lands on forest integrity and long-term use, as critical measures of ecosystem health included within the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.9 Using the forest landscape integrity index10 and Anthromes11 datasets, we find that high-integrity forests tend to be located within the overlap of protected areas and Indigenous lands (protected-Indigenous areas). After accounting for location biases through statistical matching and regression, protected-Indigenous areas had the highest protective effect on forest integrity and the lowest land-use intensity relative to Indigenous lands, protected areas, and non-protected controls pan-tropically. The protective effect of Indigenous lands on forest integrity was lower in Indigenous lands than in protected areas and non-protected areas in the Americas and Asia. The combined positive effects of state legislation and Indigenous presence in protected-Indigenous areas may contribute to maintaining tropical forest integrity. Understanding management and governance in protected-Indigenous areas can help states to appropriately support community-governed lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne S Sze
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - L Roman Carrasco
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - David P Edwards
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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35
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Loughlin NJD, Gosling WD, Duivenvoorden JF, Cuesta F, Mothes P, Montoya E. Incorporating a palaeo-perspective into Andean montane forest restoration. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.980728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reference ecosystems used in tropical forest restoration lack the temporal dimension required to characterise a mature or intact vegetation community. Here we provide a practical ‘palaeo-reference ecosystem’ for the eastern Andean forests of Ecuador to complement the standard ‘reference ecosystem’ approach. Pollen assemblages from sedimentary archives recovered from Ecuadorian montane forests are binned into distinct time periods and characterised as 1) Ancient (pre-human arrival), 2) Pre-European (Indigenous cultivation), 3) Successional (European arrival/Indigenous depopulation), 4) Mature (diminished human population), 5) Deforested (re-colonisation), and 6) Modern (industrial agriculture). A multivariate statistical approach is then used to identify the most recent period in which vegetation can be characterised as mature. Detrended correspondence analysis indicates that the pollen spectra from CE 1718-1819 (time bin 4 – Mature (diminished human population)) is most similar to that of a pre-human arrival mature or intact state. The pollen spectra of this period are characterised by Melastomataceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Weinmannia. The vegetation of the 1700s, therefore, provides the most recent phase of substantial mature vegetation that has undergone over a century of recovery, representing a practical palaeo-reference ecosystem. We propose incorporating palynological analyses of short cores spanning the last 500 years with botanical inventory data to achieve more realistic and long-term restoration goals.
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36
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Flores BM, Staal A. Feedback in tropical forests of the Anthropocene. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5041-5061. [PMID: 35770837 PMCID: PMC9542052 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are complex systems containing myriad interactions and feedbacks with their biotic and abiotic environments, but as the world changes fast, the future of these ecosystems becomes increasingly uncertain. In particular, global stressors may unbalance the feedbacks that stabilize tropical forests, allowing other feedbacks to propel undesired changes in the whole ecosystem. Here, we review the scientific literature across various fields, compiling known interactions of tropical forests with their environment, including the global climate, rainfall, aerosols, fire, soils, fauna, and human activities. We identify 170 individual interactions among 32 elements that we present as a global tropical forest network, including countless feedback loops that may emerge from different combinations of interactions. We illustrate our findings with three cases involving urgent sustainability issues: (1) wildfires in wetlands of South America; (2) forest encroachment in African savanna landscapes; and (3) synergistic threats to the peatland forests of Borneo. Our findings reveal an unexplored world of feedbacks that shape the dynamics of tropical forests. The interactions and feedbacks identified here can guide future qualitative and quantitative research on the complexities of tropical forests, allowing societies to manage the nonlinear responses of these ecosystems in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo M. Flores
- Graduate Program in EcologyFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolisBrazil
| | - Arie Staal
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable DevelopmentUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Müller LM, Kipnis R, Ferreira MP, Marzo S, Fiedler B, Lucas M, Ilgner J, Silva HP, Roberts P. Late Holocene dietary and cultural variability on the Xingu River, Amazon Basin: A stable isotopic approach. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271545. [PMID: 35921285 PMCID: PMC9348659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although once considered a 'counterfeit paradise', the Amazon Basin is now a region of increasing interest in discussions of pre-colonial tropical land-use and social complexity. Archaeobotany, archaeozoology, remote sensing and palaeoecology have revealed that, by the Late Holocene, populations in different parts of the Amazon Basin were using various domesticated plants, modifying soils, building earthworks, and even forming 'Garden Cities' along the Amazon River and its tributaries. However, there remains a relatively limited understanding as to how diets, environmental management, and social structures varied across this vast area. Here, we apply stable isotope analysis to human remains (n = 4 for collagen, n = 17 for tooth enamel), and associated fauna (n = 61 for collagen, n = 28 for tooth enamel), to directly determine the diets of populations living in the Volta Grande do Rio Xingu, an important region of pre-Columbian cultural interactions, between 390 cal. years BC and 1,675 cal. years AD. Our results highlight an ongoing dietary focus on C3 plants and wild terrestrial fauna and aquatic resources across sites and time periods, with varying integration of C4 plants (i.e. maize). We argue that, when compared to other datasets now available from elsewhere in the Amazon Basin, our study highlights the development of regional adaptations to local watercourses and forest types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Morgana Müller
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology (formerly the Science of Human History), Jena, Germany
- Graduate Program in Anthropology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Scientia Consultoria Científica, São Paulo, São Paulo—SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Kipnis
- Scientia Consultoria Científica, São Paulo, São Paulo—SP, Brazil
| | - Mariane Pereira Ferreira
- Scientia Consultoria Científica, São Paulo, São Paulo—SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Archeology, Museum of Archaeology and Etnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Marzo
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bianca Fiedler
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology (formerly the Science of Human History), Jena, Germany
| | - Mary Lucas
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology (formerly the Science of Human History), Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Ilgner
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology (formerly the Science of Human History), Jena, Germany
| | - Hilton P. Silva
- Graduate Program in Anthropology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology (formerly the Science of Human History), Jena, Germany
- isoTROPIC Independent Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Geoanthropology (formerly the Science of Human History), Jena, Germany
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Pérez-Hämmerle KV, Moon K, Venegas-Li R, Maxwell S, Simmonds JS, Venter O, Garnett ST, Possingham HP, Watson JEM. Wilderness forms and their implications for global environmental policy and conservation. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13875. [PMID: 34961974 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the intention of securing industry-free land and seascapes, protecting wilderness entered international policy as a formal target for the first time in the zero draft of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework under the Convention on Biological Diversity. Given this increased prominence in international policy, it is timely to consider the extent to which the construct of wilderness supports global conservation objectives. We evaluated the construct by overlaying recently updated cumulative human pressure maps that offer a global-scale delineation of industry-free land as wilderness with maps of carbon stock, species richness, and ground travel time from urban centers. Wilderness areas took variable forms in relation to carbon stock, species richness, and proximity to urban centers, where 10% of wilderness areas represented high carbon and species richness, 20% low carbon and species richness, and 3% high levels of remoteness (>48 h), carbon, and species richness. Approximately 35% of all remaining wilderness in 2013 was accessible in <24 h of travel time from urban centers. Although the construct of wilderness can be used to secure benefits in specific contexts, its application in conservation must account for contextual and social implications. The diverse characterization of wilderness under a global environmental conservation lens shows that a nuanced framing and application of the construct is needed to improve understanding, communication, and retention of its variable forms as industry-free places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina-Victoria Pérez-Hämmerle
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katie Moon
- School of Business, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rubén Venegas-Li
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sean Maxwell
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeremy S Simmonds
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Oscar Venter
- Natural Resources & Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen T Garnett
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Hugh P Possingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James E M Watson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, Bronx, New York, USA
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39
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Jakovac CC, Meave JA, Bongers F, Letcher SG, Dupuy JM, Piotto D, Rozendaal DMA, Peña-Claros M, Craven D, Santos BA, Siminski A, Fantini AC, Rodrigues AC, Hernández-Jaramillo A, Idárraga A, Junqueira AB, Zambrano AMA, de Jong BHJ, Pinho BX, Finegan B, Castellano-Castro C, Zambiazi DC, Dent DH, García DH, Kennard D, Delgado D, Broadbent EN, Ortiz-Malavassi E, Pérez-García EA, Lebrija-Trejos E, Berenguer E, Marín-Spiotta E, Alvarez-Davila E, de Sá Sampaio EV, Melo F, Elias F, França F, Oberleitner F, Mora F, Williamson GB, Colletta GD, Cabral GAL, Derroire G, Fernandes GW, van der Wal H, Teixeira HM, Vester HFM, García H, Vieira ICG, Jiménez-Montoya J, de Almeida-Cortez JS, Hall JS, Chave J, Zimmerman JK, Nieto JE, Ferreira J, Rodríguez-Velázquez J, Ruíz J, Barlow J, Aguilar-Cano J, Hernández-Stefanoni JL, Engel J, Becknell JM, Zanini K, Lohbeck M, Tabarelli M, Romero-Romero MA, Uriarte M, Veloso MDM, Espírito-Santo MM, van der Sande MT, van Breugel M, Martínez-Ramos M, Schwartz NB, Norden N, Pérez-Cárdenas N, González-Valdivia N, Petronelli P, Balvanera P, Massoca P, Brancalion PHS, Villa PM, Hietz P, Ostertag R, López-Camacho R, César RG, Mesquita R, Chazdon RL, Muñoz R, DeWalt SJ, Müller SC, Durán SM, Martins SV, Ochoa-Gaona S, Rodríguez-Buritica S, Aide TM, Bentos TV, de S Moreno V, Granda V, Thomas W, Silver WL, Nunes YRF, Poorter L. Strong floristic distinctiveness across Neotropical successional forests. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1767. [PMID: 35776785 PMCID: PMC10883372 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forests that regrow naturally on abandoned fields are important for restoring biodiversity and ecosystem services, but can they also preserve the distinct regional tree floras? Using the floristic composition of 1215 early successional forests (≤20 years) in 75 human-modified landscapes across the Neotropic realm, we identified 14 distinct floristic groups, with a between-group dissimilarity of 0.97. Floristic groups were associated with location, bioregions, soil pH, temperature seasonality, and water availability. Hence, there is large continental-scale variation in the species composition of early successional forests, which is mainly associated with biogeographic and environmental factors but not with human disturbance indicators. This floristic distinctiveness is partially driven by regionally restricted species belonging to widespread genera. Early secondary forests contribute therefore to restoring and conserving the distinctiveness of bioregions across the Neotropical realm, and forest restoration initiatives should use local species to assure that these distinct floras are maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina C Jakovac
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, Brazil
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04510, México
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Susan G Letcher
- College of the Atlantic, 105 Eden St., Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Dupuy
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43 # 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Daniel Piotto
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna-BA, 45613-204, Brazil
| | - Danaë M A Rozendaal
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelacion y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Jose Toribio Medina 29, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alexandre Siminski
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems-PPGEAN, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Curitibanos-SC, Brazil
| | - Alfredo C Fantini
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alice C Rodrigues
- Associação para a Conservação da Biodiversidade - PROBIODIVERSA-BRASIL, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Botany Graduate Program, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Alvaro Idárraga
- Fundación Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Herbario JAUM, Medellín, Colombia
| | - André B Junqueira
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ben H J de Jong
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Bruno Ximenes Pinho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAe, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Bryan Finegan
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Carolina Castellano-Castro
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daisy Christiane Zambiazi
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daisy H Dent
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Daniel Hernán García
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Deborah Kennard
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, 1100 North Avenue, Grand Junction, CO 81501, USA
| | - Diego Delgado
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Eben N Broadbent
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Edgar Ortiz-Malavassi
- Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo A Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04510, México
| | - Edwin Lebrija-Trejos
- Department of Biology and the Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon 36006, Israel
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, OX1 3QY Oxford, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ Lancaster, UK
| | - Erika Marín-Spiotta
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 North Park St, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Everardo Valadares de Sá Sampaio
- Departamento de Energia Nuclear-CTG, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Luis Freire 1000, 50740-540 Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Felipe Melo
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Fernando Elias
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Pará, Brazil
| | - Filipe França
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Florian Oberleitner
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - G Bruce Williamson
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69067-375, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1705, USA
| | - Gabriel Dalla Colletta
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Cidade Universitária Zeferino, Vaz-Barão Geraldo, Campinas-SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - George A L Cabral
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Géraldine Derroire
- CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Geraldo Wilson Fernandes
- Ecologia Evolutiva e Biodiversidade/DBG, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Hans van der Wal
- Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur - Unidad Villahermosa, 86280 Centro, Tabasco, México
| | | | - Henricus F M Vester
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hernando García
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ima C G Vieira
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, C.P. 399, CEP 66040-170 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jefferson S Hall
- SI ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier Bâtiment 4R1, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Jhon Edison Nieto
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará 66095-903, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Velázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Jorge Ruíz
- Programa de Estudios de Posgrado en Geografia, Convenio Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnológica de Colombia-Instituto Geografico Agustin Codazzi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ Lancaster, UK
| | - José Aguilar-Cano
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José Luis Hernández-Stefanoni
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43 # 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Julien Engel
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, INRA, Boulevard de la Lironde, TA A-51/PS2, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Justin M Becknell
- Environmental Studies Program, Colby College, 4000 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901, USA
| | - Kátia Zanini
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Centre for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, CEP 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Romero-Romero
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04510, México
| | - Maria Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Maria D M Veloso
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais CEP 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Mário M Espírito-Santo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais CEP 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. 401 Balboa, Ancon, Panama
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138610, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Naomi B Schwartz
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Natalia Norden
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathalia Pérez-Cárdenas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
- University of Zürich, Department of Geography, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Noel González-Valdivia
- Departamento de Ingenierías, Instituto Tecnológico de Chiná, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Calle 11 s/n entre 22 y 28, Chiná, 24520 Campeche, México
| | - Pascal Petronelli
- CIRAD, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParistech, CNRS, Inrae, Université des Antilles, Université de la Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Paulo Massoca
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Villa
- Botany Graduate Program, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Brazil
- Fundación para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad (PROBIODIVERSA), CP 5101 Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Peter Hietz
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Ostertag
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - René López-Camacho
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Carrera 5 este # 15-82, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ricardo G César
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita Mesquita
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, U-43, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, CP 04510, México
| | - Saara J DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Sandra C Müller
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Sandra M Durán
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2EG, Canada
| | - Sebastião Venâncio Martins
- Laboratório de Restauração Florestal, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Susana Ochoa-Gaona
- Department of Sustainability Science, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Susana Rodríguez-Buritica
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, 16-20 Avenida Circunvalar, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - T Mitchell Aide
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USA
| | - Tony Vizcarra Bentos
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Environmental Dynamics Research Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de S Moreno
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Granda
- CATIE-Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Wayt Thomas
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94707, USA
| | - Yule R F Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais CEP 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
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Yoshinori T, Kenichiro K, Mitsunori O. Anthropogenic legacies shaping the present composition of demarcation trees in a temperate upland field landscape in Japan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2022; 18:45. [PMID: 35706010 PMCID: PMC9202135 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated trees are often planted in agricultural landscapes around the world, but their planting background often remains unclear. In this study, we examined the history of demarcation trees in Ibaraki Prefecture in eastern Japan by using land dispute records mainly from the early modern period (from 1600 to 1868), the Rapid Survey Map (RSM) drawn in the late nineteenth century, demarcation tree records from 2011, and interviews of the local residents. METHODS We reviewed 39 documents on land disputes to examine the temporal and spatial usage of demarcation tree species in the early modern period. The association between the present distribution of 1486 individuals of six demarcation tree species and past land use in the RSM were analyzed with Fisher's exact test and residual analysis. In addition, we conducted interviews with 48 farmers, most of whom were over 60 years old. RESULTS The demarcation plants in vast communal lands and village boundaries in the early modern period were mostly visually prominent tall trees, usually pines. In contrast, smaller trees were planted for demarcation in small-scale areas of forests and farmlands. Although Pourthiaea villosa (Thunb.) DC. Has been planted since the mid-eighteenth century, its planting seems to have accelerated as communal forests were divided mainly in the Meiji period (from 1868 to 1912). The present dominant state of Deutzia crenata Siebold et Zucc. in older farmlands and its ritual use, history of upland field development in the Kanto region, and ancient demarcation use in central Japan indicate its original use may date back to the medieval (from 1185 to 1600) or ancient ritsuryo period (from the seventh century to 1185). Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) and mulberry (Morus spp.) individuals were considered as early modern or modern crop remnants. Results from the map-based analysis and interviews clarified the recent increase in the use of Euonymus japonicus Thunb. and Celtis sinensis Pers. for demarcation. CONCLUSIONS Chronologically dynamic anthropogenic legacies have shaped the present agricultural landscape with different demarcation tree species. A better understanding of the dynamic transformation of vegetation under human influence adds to the historical heritage value of the landscape and should motivate its conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuoka Yoshinori
- Division of Biodiversity, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan.
| | - Kimura Kenichiro
- Rural Development Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1, Ohwashi, sukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Oka Mitsunori
- Tokyo NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
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Forests and Farmers: GIS Analysis of Forest Islands and Large Raised Fields in the Bolivian Amazon. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Llanos de Mojos of the Bolivian Amazon is a domesticated landscape with a long history of management by pre-Columbian communities. This paper uses a landscape approach to interpret the settlement patterns of pre-Columbian raised-field farmers in west central Mojos. The pre-Columbian landscape was reconstructed by mapping the distribution of three types of landscape features: forest islands, raised agricultural fields, and water systems (rivers, streams and wetlands). Previous research has identified four types of patterned clustering or ‘constellations’ of these landscape features in west central Mojos. These constellations and the immediate area of the landscape that surrounds them afforded Mojos farmers a specific set of tasks or activities to take part in as part of harnessing resources from the landscape. The mapping of landscape features and their associated tasks onto the landscape provides insight into the organization of the communities that constructed and managed them. It was found that the landscape of west central Mojos is organized into two distinct regional patterns. In the northern part of the region, evidence of large farming communities is dispersed along the banks of the permanent rivers with networks of landscape features extending off into remote areas of the savanna. In the southern part of the region, evidence for large farming communities is clustered closer together in remote areas of the savanna with networks of landscape features extending back towards the permanent rivers. The two regions are melded together by a transitional zone that implies a type of interaction between the regions rather than a distinct separation.
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James E, Keppler J, L Robertshaw T, Sessa B. N,N-dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine. Hum Psychopharmacol 2022; 37:e2835. [PMID: 35175662 PMCID: PMC9286861 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reports have indicated possible uses of ayahuasca for the treatment of conditions including depression, addictions, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and specific psychoneuroendocrine immune system pathologies. The article assesses potential ayahuasca and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) integration with contemporary healthcare. The review also seeks to provide a summary of selected literature regarding the mechanisms of action of DMT and ayahuasca; and assess to what extent the state of research can explain reports of unusual phenomenology. DESIGN A narrative review. RESULTS Compounds in ayahuasca have been found to bind to serotonergic receptors, glutaminergic receptors, sigma-1 receptors, trace amine-associated receptors, and modulate BDNF expression and the dopaminergic system. Subjective effects are associated with increased delta and theta oscillations in amygdala and hippocampal regions, decreased alpha wave activity in the default mode network, and stimulations of vision-related brain regions particularly in the visual association cortex. Both biological processes and field of consciousness models have been proposed to explain subjective effects of DMT and ayahuasca, however, the evidence supporting the proposed models is not sufficient to make confident conclusions. Ayahuasca plant medicine and DMT represent potentially novel treatment modalities. CONCLUSIONS Further research is required to clarify the mechanisms of action and develop treatments which can be made available to the general public. Integration between healthcare research institutions and reputable practitioners in the Amazon is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward James
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | | | - Ben Sessa
- Centre for NeuropsychopharmacologyDivision of Brain SciencesFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Nascimento MN, Heijink BM, Bush MB, Gosling WD, McMichael CNH. Early to mid-Holocene human activity exerted gradual influences on Amazonian forest vegetation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20200498. [PMID: 35249380 PMCID: PMC8899618 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have been present in Amazonia throughout the Holocene, with the earliest archaeological sites dating to 12 000 years ago. The earliest inhabitants began managing landscapes through fire and plant domestication, but the total extent of vegetation modification remains relatively unknown. Here, we compile palaeoecological records from lake sediments containing charcoal and from pollen analyses to understand how human land-use affected vegetation during the early to mid-Holocene, and place our results in the context of previous archaeological work. We identified gradual, rather than abrupt changes in forest openness, disturbance and enrichment, with useful species at almost all sites. Early human occupations occurred in peripheral sites of Amazonia, where natural fires are part of the vegetation dynamics, so human-made fires did not exert a novel form of disturbance. Synchronicity between evidence of the onset of human occupation in lake records and archaeological sites was found for eastern Amazonia. For southwestern and western Amazonia and the Guiana Shield, the timing of the onset of human occupation differed by thousands of years between lake records and archaeological sites. Plant cultivation showed a different spatio-temporal pattern, appearing ca 2000 years earlier in western Amazonia than in other regions. Our findings highlight the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of Amazonia and indicate that the region cannot be treated as one entity when assessing ecological or cultural history. This article is part of the theme issue 'Tropical forests in the deep human past'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majoi N. Nascimento
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Britte M. Heijink
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark B. Bush
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - William D. Gosling
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Crystal N. H. McMichael
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bush MB, Rozas-Davila A, Raczka M, Nascimento M, Valencia B, Sales RK, McMichael CNH, Gosling WD. A palaeoecological perspective on the transformation of the tropical Andes by early human activity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20200497. [PMID: 35249394 PMCID: PMC8899620 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Palaeoecological records suggest that humans have been in the Andes since at least 14 000 years ago. Early human impacts on Andean ecosystems included an increase in fire activity and the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna. These changes in Andean ecosystems coincided with rapid climate change as species were migrating upslope in response to deglacial warming. Microrefugia probably played a vital role in the speed and genetic composition of that migration. The period from ca 14 500 to 12 500 years ago was when novel combinations of plant species appeared to form no-analogue assemblages in the Andes. By 12 000 years ago most areas in what are today the Andean grasslands were being burned and modified by human activity. As the vegetation of these highland settings has been modified by human activity for the entirety of the Holocene, they should be regarded as long-term manufactutred landscapes. The sharp tree lines separating Andean forests from grasslands that we see today were probably also created by repeated burning and owe their position more to human-induced fire than climatic constraints. In areas that were readly penetrated by humans on the forested slopes of the Andes, substantial modification and settlement had occurred by the mid-Holocene. In hard-to-reach areas, however, the amount of human modification may always have been minimal, and these slopes can be considered as being close to natural in their vegetation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Tropical forests in the deep human past'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Bush
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - A Rozas-Davila
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - M Raczka
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH, UK
| | - M Nascimento
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 904 Science Park, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B Valencia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Ciencias de la Tierra y Clima, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena, Ecuador
| | - R K Sales
- Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - C N H McMichael
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 904 Science Park, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W D Gosling
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 904 Science Park, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Scerri EML, Roberts P, Yoshi Maezumi S, Malhi Y. Tropical forests in the deep human past. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20200500. [PMID: 35249383 PMCID: PMC8899628 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Darwin, studies of human evolution have tended to give primacy to open 'savannah' environments as the ecological cradle of our lineage, with dense tropical forests cast as hostile, unfavourable frontiers. These perceptions continue to shape both the geographical context of fieldwork as well as dominant narratives concerning hominin evolution. This paradigm persists despite new, ground-breaking research highlighting the role of tropical forests in the human story. For example, novel research in Africa's rainforests has uncovered archaeological sites dating back into the Pleistocene; genetic studies have revealed very deep human roots in Central and West Africa and in the tropics of Asia and the Pacific; an unprecedented number of coexistent hominin species have now been documented, including Homo erectus, the 'Hobbit' (Homo floresiensis), Homo luzonensis, Denisovans, and Homo sapiens. Some of the earliest members of our own species to reach South Asia, Southeast Asia, Oceania and the tropical Americas have shown an unexpected rapidity in their adaptation to even some of the more 'extreme' tropical settings. This includes the early human manipulation of species and even habitats. This volume builds on these currently disparate threads and, for the first time, draws together a group of interdisciplinary, agenda-setting papers that firmly places a broader spectrum of tropical environments at the heart of the deep human past. This article is part of the theme issue 'Tropical forests in the deep human past'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M L Scerri
- Pan-African Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.,Department of Prehistoric Archaeology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745, Jena, Germany.,School of Social Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S Yoshi Maezumi
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
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Maezumi SY, Elliott S, Robinson M, Betancourt CJ, Gregorio de Souza J, Alves D, Grosvenor M, Hilbert L, Urrego DH, Gosling WD, Iriarte J. Legacies of Indigenous land use and cultural burning in the Bolivian Amazon rainforest ecotone. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20200499. [PMID: 35249381 PMCID: PMC8899619 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The southwestern Amazon Rainforest Ecotone (ARE) is the transitional landscape between the tropical forest and seasonally flooded savannahs of the Bolivian Llanos de Moxos. These heterogeneous landscapes harbour high levels of biodiversity and some of the earliest records of human occupation and plant domestication in Amazonia. While persistent Indigenous legacies have been demonstrated elsewhere in the Amazon, it is unclear how past human-environment interactions may have shaped vegetation composition and structure in the ARE. Here, we examine 6000 years of archaeological and palaeoecological data from Laguna Versalles (LV), Bolivia. LV was dominated by stable rainforest vegetation throughout the Holocene. Maize cultivation and cultural burning are present after ca 5700 cal yr BP. Polyculture cultivation of maize, manioc and leren after ca 3400 cal yr BP predates the formation of Amazonian Dark/Brown Earth (ADE/ABE) soils (approx. 2400 cal yr BP). ADE/ABE formation is associated with agroforestry indicated by increased edible palms, including Mauritia flexuosa and Attalea sp., and record levels of burning, suggesting that fire played an important role in agroforestry practices. The frequent use of fire altered ADE/ABD forest composition and structure by controlling ignitions, decreasing fuel loads and increasing the abundance of plants preferred by humans. Cultural burning and polyculture agroforestry provided a stable subsistence strategy that persisted despite pronounced climate change and cultural transformations and has an enduring legacy in ADE/ABE forests in the ARE. This article is part of the theme issue 'Tropical forests in the deep human past'.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yoshi Maezumi
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1090N
| | - Sarah Elliott
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Mark Robinson
- Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
| | | | | | - Daiana Alves
- Department of Anthropology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA-66075-110, Brazil
| | - Mark Grosvenor
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK
| | - Lautaro Hilbert
- Laboratório de Arqueologia dos Trópicos, Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP-05508-070, Brazil
| | - Dunia H Urrego
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
| | - William D Gosling
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1090N
| | - José Iriarte
- Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
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Genomic Screening to Identify Food Trees Potentially Dispersed by Precolonial Indigenous Peoples. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030476. [PMID: 35328030 PMCID: PMC8954434 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Over millennia, Indigenous peoples have dispersed the propagules of non-crop plants through trade, seasonal migration or attending ceremonies; and potentially increased the geographic range or abundance of many food species around the world. Genomic data can be used to reconstruct these histories. However, it can be difficult to disentangle anthropogenic from non-anthropogenic dispersal in long-lived non-crop species. We developed a genomic workflow that can be used to screen out species that show patterns consistent with faunal dispersal or long-term isolation, and identify species that carry dispersal signals of putative human influence. We used genotyping-by-sequencing (DArTseq) and whole-plastid sequencing (SKIMseq) to identify nuclear and chloroplast Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in east Australian rainforest trees (4 families, 7 genera, 15 species) with large (>30 mm) or small (<30 mm) edible fruit, either with or without a known history of use by Indigenous peoples. We employed standard population genetic analyses to test for four signals of dispersal using a limited and opportunistically acquired sample scheme. We expected different patterns for species that fall into one of three broadly described dispersal histories: (1) ongoing faunal dispersal, (2) post-megafauna isolation and (3) post-megafauna isolation followed by dispersal of putative human influence. We identified five large-fruited species that displayed strong population structure combined with signals of dispersal. We propose coalescent methods to investigate whether these genomic signals can be attributed to post-megafauna isolation and dispersal by Indigenous peoples.
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Climate change threatens native potential agroforestry plant species in Brazil. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2267. [PMID: 35145191 PMCID: PMC8831634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is one of the main drivers of species extinction in the twentyfirst-century. Here, we (1) quantify potential changes in species' bioclimatic area of habitat (BAH) of 135 native potential agroforestry species from the Brazilian flora, using two different climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) and dispersal scenarios, where species have no ability to disperse and reach new areas (non-dispersal) and where species can migrate within the estimated BAH (full dispersal) for 2041–2060 and 2061–2080. We then (2) assess the preliminary conservation status of each species based on IUCN criteria. Current and future potential habitats for species were predicted using MaxEnt, a machine-learning algorithm used to estimate species' probability distribution. Future climate is predicted to trigger a mean decline in BAH between 38.5–56.3% under the non-dispersal scenario and between 22.3–41.9% under the full dispersal scenario for 135 native potential agroforestry species. Additionally, we found that only 4.3% of the studied species could be threatened under the IUCN Red List criteria B1 and B2. However, when considering the predicted quantitative habitat loss due to climate change (A3c criterion) the percentages increased between 68.8–84.4% under the non-dispersal scenario and between 40.7–64.4% under the full dispersal scenario. To lessen such threats, we argue that encouraging the use of these species in rural and peri-urban agroecosystems are promising, complementary strategies for their long-term conservation.
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Schang K, Cox K, Trant AJ. Habitation Sites Influence Tree Community Assemblages in the Great Bear Rainforest, British Columbia, Canada. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.791047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying how past human actions have influenced their environment is essential for understanding the ecological factors that structure contemporary ecosystems. Intertidal resource use by Indigenous Peoples for thousands of years has led to habitation sites containing vast shell midden deposits and facilitating long-term impacts on soil chemistry and drainage. Here we examine how these shell middens have impacted various forest metrics, such as species diversity, community composition, canopy height, and regeneration recruitment to determine if forests on habitation sites differ from the surrounding matrix. We surveyed known habitation sites with archeological evidence indicating past year-round human occupation, within the Hakai Lúxvbálís Conservancy on Calvert and Hecate Islands within the Great Bear Rainforest along British Columbia’s Central Coast. Our results demonstrate that habitation sites exhibit lower tree species richness, less relative species abundances, as such, displayed lower Shannon diversity and inverse Simpson values. The composition of tree communities on habitation sites was statistically different, with western hemlock and western redcedar densities increasing on non-habitation sites. Conversely, regeneration diversity at habitation sites was more even and exhibited elevated Shannon diversity and inverse Simpson values. The community composition of regeneration was more consistent among habitation and non-habitation sites; however, western redcedar, western hemlock and Sitka spruce were more abundant at habitation sites. For all tree species, maximum height was higher within the habitation sites; however, this trend was the most notable in western redcedar and Sitka spruce, which increased by an average of 4.8 m relative to non-habitation sites. Collectively, our findings suggest that long-term habitation alters forest community compositions. The landscape alterations within habitation sites promote conditions needed to support diverse, even, and abundant regeneration communities and consequently increase the height of the dominant coastal tree species. Thus, our results offer evidence that long-term influence by Indigenous communities have a persistent influence on coastal forests.
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Daru BH, Davies TJ, Willis CG, Meineke EK, Ronk A, Zobel M, Pärtel M, Antonelli A, Davis CC. Widespread homogenization of plant communities in the Anthropocene. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6983. [PMID: 34873159 PMCID: PMC8648934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Native biodiversity decline and non-native species spread are major features of the Anthropocene. Both processes can drive biotic homogenization by reducing trait and phylogenetic differences in species assemblages between regions, thus diminishing the regional distinctiveness of biotas and likely have negative impacts on key ecosystem functions. However, a global assessment of this phenomenon is lacking. Here, using a dataset of >200,000 plant species, we demonstrate widespread and temporal decreases in species and phylogenetic turnover across grain sizes and spatial extents. The extent of homogenization within major biomes is pronounced and is overwhelmingly explained by non-native species naturalizations. Asia and North America are major sources of non-native species; however, the species they export tend to be phylogenetically close to recipient floras. Australia, the Pacific and Europe, in contrast, contribute fewer species to the global pool of non-natives, but represent a disproportionate amount of phylogenetic diversity. The timeline of most naturalisations coincides with widespread human migration within the last ~500 years, and demonstrates the profound influence humans exert on regional biotas beyond changes in species richness. Human-driven movements and extinctions of species have made plant communities across biomes more homogenous. Here the authors quantify plant vascular species and phylogenetic homogenization across the globe, finding that non-native species naturalisations have been a major driver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabas H Daru
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA. .,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - T Jonathan Davies
- Departments of Botany, and Forest & Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Charles G Willis
- Department of Biology Teaching and Learning, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Emily K Meineke
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Argo Ronk
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, EE-51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, EE-51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,University of Gothenburg and Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, SE 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.,Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Charles C Davis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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