1
|
Deschamps MM, Boersma M, Giménez L. Responses of the mesozooplankton community to marine heatwaves: Challenges and solutions based on a long-term time series. J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 39180253 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are extreme weather events that have major impacts on the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems worldwide. Due to anthropogenic climate change, the occurrence of MHWs is predicted to increase in future. There is already evidence linking MHWs with reductions in biodiversity and incidence of mass mortality events in coastal ecosystems. However, because MHWs are unpredictable, the quantification of their effects on communities is challenging. Here, we use the Helgoland Roads long-term time series (German Bight, North Sea), one of the richest marine time series in the world, and implement a modified before-after control-impact (BACI) design to evaluate MHW effect on mesozooplankton communities. Mesozooplankton play an essential role in connecting primary producers to higher trophic levels, and any changes in their community structure could have far-reaching impacts on the entire ecosystem. The responses of mesozooplankton community to MHWs in terms of community structure and densities occurred mainly in spring and autumn. Abundances of seven taxa, including some of the most abundant groups (e.g. copepods), were affected either positively or negatively in response to MHWs. In contrast, we observed no clear evidence of an impact of summer and winter MHWs; instead, the density of the most common taxa remained unchanged. Our results highlight the seasonally dependent impacts of MHWs on mesozooplankton communities and the challenges in evaluating those impacts. Long-term monitoring is an important contributor to the quantification of effects of MHWs on natural populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margot M Deschamps
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Maarten Boersma
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Luis Giménez
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miller JA, Almeida LZ, Rogers LA, Thalmann HL, Forney RM, Laurel BJ. Age, not growth, explains larger body size of Pacific cod larvae during recent marine heatwaves. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19313. [PMID: 39164346 PMCID: PMC11336165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are often associated with physiological changes throughout biological communities but can also result in biomass declines that correspond with shifts in phenology. We examined the response of larval Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) to MHWs in the Gulf of Alaska across seven years to evaluate the effects of MHWs on hatch phenology, size-at-age, and daily growth and identify potential regulatory mechanisms. Hatch dates were, on average, 19 days earlier since the onset of MHWs, shifting a mean of 15 days earlier per 1 ℃ increase. Size-at-capture was larger during & between MHWs but, contrary to expectations, larvae grew slower and were smaller in size-at-age. The larger size during & between MHWs can be entirely explained by older ages due to earlier hatching. Daily growth variation was well-explained by an interaction among age, temperature, and hatch date. Under cool conditions, early growth was fastest for the latest hatchers. However, this variation converged at warmer temperatures, due to faster growth of earlier hatchers. Stage-specific growth did not vary with temperature, remaining relatively similar from 4 to 8 ℃. Temperature-related demographic changes were more predictable based on phenological shifts rather than changes in growth, which could affect population productivity after MHWs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Miller
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, 2030 SE Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR, 97365, USA.
| | - L Zoe Almeida
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, 2030 SE Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
- Cornell Biological Field Station, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, 900 Shackelton Point Road, Bridgeport, NY, 13030, USA
| | - Lauren A Rogers
- Recruitment Processes Program, Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hillary L Thalmann
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, 2030 SE Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
| | - Rebecca M Forney
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, 2030 SE Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
| | - Benjamin J Laurel
- Fisheries Behavioral Ecology Program, Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Hatfield Marine Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thorne KM, MacDonald GM, Chavez FP, Ambrose RF, Barnard PL. Significant challenges to the sustainability of the California coast considering climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310077121. [PMID: 39074269 PMCID: PMC11317555 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310077121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is an existential threat to the environmental and socioeconomic sustainability of the coastal zone and impacts will be complex and widespread. Evidence from California and across the United States shows that climate change is impacting coastal communities and challenging managers with a plethora of stressors already present. Widespread action could be taken that would sustain California's coastal ecosystems and communities. In this perspective, we highlight the main threat to coastal sustainability: the compound effects of episodic events amplified with ongoing climate change, which will present unprecedented challenges to the state. We present two key challenges for California's sustainability in the coastal zone: 1) accelerating sea-level rise combined with storm impacts, and 2) continued warming of the oceans and marine heatwaves. Cascading effects from these types of compounding events will occur within the context of an already stressed system that has experienced extensive alterations due to intensive development, resource extraction and harvesting, spatial containment, and other human use pressures. There are critical components that could be used to address these immediate concerns, including comanagement strategies that include diverse groups and organizations, strategic planning integrated across large areas, rapid implementation of solutions, and a cohesive and policy relevant research agenda for the California coast. Much of this has been started in the state, but the scale could be increased, and timelines accelerated. The ideas and information presented here are intended to help expand discussions to sharpen the focus on how to encourage sustainability of California's iconic coastal region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Thorne
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Davis, CA95618
| | - Glen M. MacDonald
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095-1524
| | | | - Richard F. Ambrose
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095-1772
| | - Patrick L. Barnard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA95060
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zardi GI, Monsinjon JR, Seuront L, Spilmont N, McQuaid CD, Nicastro KR. Symbiotic endolithic microbes reduce host vulnerability to an unprecedented heatwave. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106622. [PMID: 38936261 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Heatwaves are increasingly severe and frequent, posing significant threats to ecosystems and human well-being. Characterised by high thermal variability, intertidal communities are particularly vulnerable to heat stress. Microbial endolithic communities that are found in marine calcifying organisms have been shown to induce shell erosion that alters shell surface colour, lowering body temperatures and increasing survival rates. Here, we investigate how the symbiotic relationship between endolithic microbes and the blue intertidal mussel Mytilus edulis mitigates thermal stress during the unprecedented 2022 atmospheric heatwave in the English Channel. Microbial infestation of the shell significantly enhanced mussel survival, particularly higher on the shore where thermal stress was greater. Using data from biomimetic temperature loggers, we predicted the expected thermal buffer and observed differences up to 3.2 °C between individuals with and without symbionts under the known conditions of the heat wave-induced mortality event. The ecological implications extend beyond individual mussels, affecting the reef-building capacity of mussels, with potential cascading effects for local biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and coastal defence. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding small-scale biotic interactions during extreme climate events and provide insights into the dynamic nature of the endolith-mussel symbiosis along a parasitic-mutualistic continuum influenced by abiotic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo I Zardi
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR, 8067 BOREA, (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, IRD-207), CS 14032 14000, Caen, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; CCMAR-CIMAR - Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Jonathan R Monsinjon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Laurent Seuront
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, IRD, UMR, 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire D'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000, Lille, France; Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108- 8477, Japan
| | - Nicolas Spilmont
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, IRD, UMR, 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire D'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte D'Opale, IRD, UMR, 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire D'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000, Lille, France; CCMAR-CIMAR - Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu C, Liu Y, Giannetti BF, de Almeida CMVB, Wei G, Sevegnani F, Yan X. Dynamics of ecosystem services and nonlinear responses to increased anthropogenic pressure. AMBIO 2024:10.1007/s13280-024-02042-3. [PMID: 38871927 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Escalating global human activities elicit diverse ecosystem service responses, yet understanding remains limited. This study establishes a framework to clarify these responses, focusing on the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China. Analyzing 2000-2020 data, it calculates ecosystem service economic value and human footprint index. It introduces the ecosystem services response index and comprehensive responsiveness index to assess response characteristics and intensity to anthropogenic pressures. Results show a fluctuating decline in ecosystem services and an increase in anthropogenic pressures. There is a nonlinear relationship: ecosystem services decline with rising pressures, following a U-shaped trend. Notably, nonurban agglomerations experience more significant ecosystem service evolution than urban agglomerations due to differing environmental conditions. This highlights regional disparities in human activity impacts on ecosystems, crucial for planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaobin Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Biagio Fernando Giannetti
- Laboratory of Production and Environment, Universidade Paulista, R. Dr Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, 04026-002, Brazil
| | | | - Guoen Wei
- School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fábio Sevegnani
- Laboratory of Production and Environment, Universidade Paulista, R. Dr Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Xiaolu Yan
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of Education, Institute of Marine Sustainable Development, Liaoning Normal University, 850 Huanghe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Smith KE, Aubin M, Burrows MT, Filbee-Dexter K, Hobday AJ, Holbrook NJ, King NG, Moore PJ, Sen Gupta A, Thomsen M, Wernberg T, Wilson E, Smale DA. Global impacts of marine heatwaves on coastal foundation species. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5052. [PMID: 38871692 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
With increasingly intense marine heatwaves affecting nearshore regions, foundation species are coming under increasing stress. To better understand their impacts, we examine responses of critical, habitat-forming foundation species (macroalgae, seagrass, corals) to marine heatwaves in 1322 shallow coastal areas located across 85 marine ecoregions. We find compelling evidence that intense, summer marine heatwaves play a significant role in the decline of foundation species globally. Critically, detrimental effects increase towards species warm-range edges and over time. We also identify several ecoregions where foundation species don't respond to marine heatwaves, suggestive of some resilience to warming events. Cumulative marine heatwave intensity, absolute temperature, and location within a species' range are key factors mediating impacts. Our results suggest many coastal ecosystems are losing foundation species, potentially impacting associated biodiversity, ecological function, and ecosystem services provision. Understanding relationships between marine heatwaves and foundation species offers the potential to predict impacts that are critical for developing management and adaptation approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Smith
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, UK.
| | - Margot Aubin
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Karen Filbee-Dexter
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, His, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Neil J Holbrook
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, TAS, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001, TAS, Australia
| | - Nathan G King
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, UK
| | - Pippa J Moore
- Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Alex Sen Gupta
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mads Thomsen
- The Marine Ecology Research Group, Centre of Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, His, Bergen, Norway
| | - Edward Wilson
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, UK
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Artana C, Capitani L, Santos Garcia G, Angelini R, Coll M. Food web trophic control modulates tropical Atlantic reef ecosystems response to marine heat wave intensity and duration. J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 38790092 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are episodes of anomalous warming in the ocean that can last from a few days to years. MHWs have different characteristics in terms of intensity, duration and frequency and generate thermal stress in marine ecosystems. In reef ecosystems, they are one of the main causes of the decreased presence and abundance of corals, invertebrates and fish. The deleterious capacity of thermal stress often depends on biotic factors, such as the trophic control of predators on prey. Despite the evidence of thermal stress and biotic factors affecting individual species, the combined effects of both stressors on entire reef ecosystems are much less studied. Here, using a food web modelling approach, we estimated the rate of change in species' biomass due to different MHW characteristics. Specifically, we modelled the mechanistic link between species' consumption rate and seawater temperature (thermal stressor), simulating species' biomass dynamics for different MHW characteristics under different trophic control assumptions (top-down, mixed trophic control and bottom-up). We find that total reef ecosystem biomass declined by 10% ± 5% under MHWs with severe intensity and a top-down control assumption. The bottom-up control assumption moderates the total ecosystem biomass reduction by 5% ± 5%. Irrespective of the MHW characteristics and the trophic control assumption, the most substantial biomass changes occur among top, mesopredators and corals (5% to 20% ± 10%). We show that reef ecosystems where predators exert top-down control on prey are prone to suffer species abundance declines under strong MHW events. We identify food web trophic control as a crucial driver that modulates the impacts of MHWs. Overall, our results provide a unified understanding of the interplay between abiotic stressors and biotic factors in reef ecosystems under extreme thermal events, offering insights into present baselines and future ecological states for reef ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Artana
- Institute of Marine Science (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratoire LOCEAN-IPSL, Sorbonne Université (UPMC, Université Paris 6), CNRS, IRD, MNHN, Paris, France
| | - Leonardo Capitani
- Post-Graduate Program in Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Santos Garcia
- Post-Graduate Program in Ecology, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Angelini
- Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Marta Coll
- Institute of Marine Science (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Ecopath International Initiative (EII), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang H, Zheng XT, Cai W, Han ZW, Xie SP, Kang SM, Geng YF, Liu F, Wang CY, Wu Y, Xiang B, Zhou L. Atmosphere teleconnections from abatement of China aerosol emissions exacerbate Northeast Pacific warm blob events. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313797121. [PMID: 38709948 PMCID: PMC11126963 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313797121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
During 2010 to 2020, Northeast Pacific (NEP) sea surface temperature (SST) experienced the warmest decade ever recorded, manifested in several extreme marine heatwaves, referred to as "warm blob" events, which severely affect marine ecosystems and extreme weather along the west coast of North America. While year-to-year internal climate variability has been suggested as a cause of individual events, the causes of the continuous dramatic NEP SST warming remain elusive. Here, we show that other than the greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing, rapid aerosol abatement in China over the period likely plays an important role. Anomalous tropospheric warming induced by declining aerosols in China generated atmospheric teleconnections from East Asia to the NEP, featuring an intensified and southward-shifted Aleutian Low. The associated atmospheric circulation anomaly weakens the climatological westerlies in the NEP and warms the SST there by suppressing the evaporative cooling. The aerosol-induced mean warming of the NEP SST, along with internal climate variability and the GHG-induced warming, made the warm blob events more frequent and intense during 2010 to 2020. As anthropogenic aerosol emissions continue to decrease, there is likely to be an increase in NEP warm blob events, disproportionately large beyond the direct radiative effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao266100, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao266100, China
| | - Wenju Cai
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao266100, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao266237, China
- Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS7004, Australia
| | - Zi-Wen Han
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao266100, China
| | - Shang-Ping Xie
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Sarah M. Kang
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg20146, Germany
| | - Yu-Fan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao266100, China
| | - Fukai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao266100, China
| | - Chuan-Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao266100, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao266100, China
| | - Baoqiang Xiang
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ08540
- University of Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO80307
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200030, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai519082, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Almeida-Saá AC, Umanzor S, Zertuche-González JA, Cruz-López R, Muñiz-Salazar R, Ferreira-Arrieta A, Bonet Melià P, García-Pantoja JA, Rangel-Mendoza LK, Vivanco-Bercovich M, Ruiz-Montoya L, Guzmán-Calderón JM, Sandoval-Gil JM. Bathymetric origin shapes the physiological responses of Pterygophora californica (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) to deep marine heatwaves. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:483-502. [PMID: 38264946 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Kelp communities are experiencing exacerbated heat-related impacts from more intense, frequent, and deeper marine heatwaves (MHWs), imperiling the long-term survival of kelp forests in the climate change scenario. The occurrence of deep thermal anomalies is of critical importance, as elevated temperatures can impact kelp populations across their entire bathymetric range. This study evaluates the impact of MHWs on mature sporophytes of Pterygophora californica (walking kelp) from the bathymetric extremes (8-10 vs. 25-27 m) of a population situated in Baja California (Mexico). The location is near the southernmost point of the species's broad distribution (from Alaska to Mexico). The study investigated the ecophysiological responses (e.g., photobiology, nitrate uptake, oxidative stress) and growth of adult sporophytes through a two-phase experiment: warming simulating a MHW and a post-MHW phase without warming. Generally, the effects of warming differed depending on the bathymetric origin of the sporophytes. The MHW facilitated essential metabolic functions of deep-water sporophytes, including photosynthesis, and promoted their growth. In contrast, shallow-water sporophytes displayed metabolic stress, reduced growth, and oxidative damage. Upon the cessation of warming, certain responses, such as a decline in nitrate uptake and net productivity, became evident in shallow-water sporophytes, implying a delay in heat-stress response. This indicates that variation in temperatures can result in more prominent effects than warming alone. The greater heat tolerance of sporophytes in deeper waters shows convincing evidence that deep portions of P. californica populations have the potential to serve as refuges from the harmful impacts of MHWs on shallow reefs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella C Almeida-Saá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Schery Umanzor
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, Alaska, USA
| | | | - Ricardo Cruz-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Raquel Muñiz-Salazar
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | | | - Paula Bonet Melià
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | | | - Laura K Rangel-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Manuel Vivanco-Bercovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Ruiz-Montoya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | | | - Jose Miguel Sandoval-Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Leathers T, King NG, Foggo A, Smale DA. Marine heatwave duration and intensity interact to reduce physiological tipping points of kelp species with contrasting thermal affinities. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:51-60. [PMID: 37946547 PMCID: PMC10921831 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are widely recognized as pervasive drivers of ecosystem change, yet our understanding of how different MHW properties mediate ecological responses remains largely unexplored. Understanding MHW impacts on foundation species is particularly important, given their structural role in communities and ecosystems. METHODS We simulated a series of realistic MHWs with different levels of intensity (Control: 14 °C, Moderate: 18 °C, Extreme: 22 °C) and duration (14 or 28 d) and examined responses of two habitat-forming kelp species in the southwest UK. Here, Laminaria digitata reaches its trailing edge and is undergoing a range contraction, whereas Laminaria ochroleuca reaches its leading edge and is undergoing a range expansion. KEY RESULTS For both species, sub-lethal stress responses induced by moderate-intensity MHWs were exacerbated by longer duration. Extreme-intensity MHWs caused dramatic declines in growth and photosynthetic performance, and elevated bleaching, which were again exacerbated by longer MHW duration. Stress responses were most pronounced in L. ochroleuca, where almost complete tissue necrosis was observed by the end of the long-duration MHW. This was unexpected given the greater thermal safety margins assumed with leading edge populations. It is likely that prolonged exposure to sub-lethal thermal stress exceeded a physiological tipping point for L. ochroleuca, presumably due to depletion of internal reserves. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study showed that exposure to MHW profiles projected to occur in the region in the coming decades can have significant deleterious effects on foundation kelp species, regardless of their thermal affinities and location within respective latitudinal ranges, which would probably have consequences for entire communities and ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayla Leathers
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Nathan G King
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Andy Foggo
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Salland N, Wilding C, Jensen A, Smale DA. Spatiotemporal variability in population demography and morphology of the habitat-forming macroalga Saccorhiza polyschides in the Western English Channel. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:117-130. [PMID: 37962600 PMCID: PMC10921834 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Large brown macroalgae serve as foundation organisms along temperate and polar coastlines, providing a range of ecosystem services. Saccorhiza polyschides is a warm-temperate kelp-like species found in the northeast Atlantic, which is suggested to have proliferated in recent decades across the southern UK, possibly in response to increasing temperatures, physical disturbance and reduced competition. However, little is known about S. polyschides with regard to ecological functioning and population dynamics across its geographical range. Here we examined the population demography of S. polyschides populations in southwest UK, located within the species' range centre, to address a regional knowledge gap and to provide a baseline against which to detect future changes. METHODS Intertidal surveys were conducted during spring low tides at three sites along a gradient of wave exposure in Plymouth Sound (Western English Channel) over a period of 15 months. Density, cover, age, biomass and morphology of S. polyschides were quantified. Additionally, less frequent sampling of shallow subtidal reefs was conducted to compare intertidal and subtidal populations. KEY RESULTS We recorded pronounced seasonality, with fairly consistent demographic patterns across sites and depths. By late summer, S. polyschides was a dominant habitat-former on both intertidal and subtidal reefs, with maximum standing stock exceeding 13 000 g wet weight m-2. CONCLUSIONS Saccorhiza polyschides is a conspicuous and abundant member of rocky reef assemblages in the region, providing complex and abundant biogenic habitat for associated organisms and high rates of primary productivity. However, its short-lived pseudo-annual life strategy is in stark contrast to dominant long-lived perennial laminarian kelps. As such, any replacement or reconfiguration of habitat-forming macroalgae due to ocean warming will probably have implications for local biodiversity and community composition. More broadly, our study demonstrates the importance of high-resolution cross-habitat surveys to generate robust baselines of kelp population demography, against which the ecological impacts of climate change and other stressors can be reliably detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Salland
- The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Catherine Wilding
- The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Antony Jensen
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Dan A Smale
- The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Luo X, Zhang X, Xu Y, Masanja F, Yang K, Liu Y, Zhao L. Behavioral responses of intertidal clams to compound extreme weather and climate events. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116112. [PMID: 38320442 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Rapidly increasing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere not only results in global warming, but also drives increasing seawater acidification. Infaunal bivalves play critical roles in benthic-pelagic coupling, but little is known about their behavioral responses to compound climate events. Here, we tested how heatwaves and acidification affected the behavior of Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum). Under acidified conditions, the clams remained capable of burrowing into sediments. Yet, when heatwaves attacked, significant decreases in burrowing ability occurred. Following two consecutive events of heatwaves, the clams exhibited rapid behavioral acclimation. The present study showed that the behavior of R. philippinarum is more sensitive to heatwaves than acidification. Given that the behavior can act as an early and sensitive indicator of the fitness of intertidal bivalves, whether, and to what extent, behavioral acclimation can persist under scenarios of intensifying heatwaves in the context of ocean acidification deserve further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xingzhi Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | | | - Ke Yang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Pearl Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liqiang Zhao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Science and Technology Innovation Center of Marine Invertebrate, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cael BB, Burger FA, Henson SA, Britten GL, Frölicher TL. Historical and future maximum sea surface temperatures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj5569. [PMID: 38277447 PMCID: PMC10816719 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Marine heat waves affect ocean ecosystems and are expected to become more frequent and intense. Earth system models' ability to reproduce extreme ocean temperature statistics has not been tested quantitatively, making the reliability of their future projections of marine heat waves uncertain. We demonstrate that annual maxima of detrended anomalies in daily mean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over 39 years of global satellite observations are described excellently by the generalized extreme value distribution. If models can reproduce the observed distribution of SST extremes, this increases confidence in their marine heat wave projections. 14 CMIP6 models' historical realizations reproduce the satellite-based distribution and its parameters' spatial patterns. We find that maximum ocean temperatures will become warmer (by 1.07° ± 0.17°C under 2°C warming and 2.04° ± 0.18°C under 3.2°C warming). These changes are mainly due to mean SST increases, slightly reinforced by SST seasonality increases. Our study quantifies ocean temperature extremes and gives confidence to model projections of marine heat waves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. B. Cael
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Friedrich A. Burger
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Gregory L. Britten
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas L. Frölicher
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brown MV, Ostrowski M, Messer LF, Bramucci A, van de Kamp J, Smith MC, Bissett A, Seymour J, Hobday AJ, Bodrossy L. A marine heatwave drives significant shifts in pelagic microbiology. Commun Biol 2024; 7:125. [PMID: 38267685 PMCID: PMC10808424 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) cause disruption to marine ecosystems, deleteriously impacting macroflora and fauna. However, effects on microorganisms are relatively unknown despite ocean temperature being a major determinant of assemblage structure. Using data from thousands of Southern Hemisphere samples, we reveal that during an "unprecedented" 2015/16 Tasman Sea MHW, temperatures approached or surpassed the upper thermal boundary of many endemic taxa. Temperate microbial assemblages underwent a profound transition to niche states aligned with sites over 1000 km equatorward, adapting to higher temperatures and lower nutrient conditions bought on by the MHW. MHW conditions also modulate seasonal patterns of microbial diversity and support novel assemblage compositions. The most significant affects of MHWs on microbial assemblages occurred during warmer months, when temperatures exceeded the upper climatological bounds. Trends in microbial response across several MHWs in different locations suggest these are emergent properties of temperate ocean warming, which may facilitate monitoring, prediction and adaptation efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark V Brown
- CSIRO Environment, Hobart, Australia.
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
| | - Martin Ostrowski
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Lauren F Messer
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Anna Bramucci
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Justin Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wernberg T, Thomsen MS, Baum JK, Bishop MJ, Bruno JF, Coleman MA, Filbee-Dexter K, Gagnon K, He Q, Murdiyarso D, Rogers K, Silliman BR, Smale DA, Starko S, Vanderklift MA. Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Foundation Species. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2024; 16:247-282. [PMID: 37683273 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-042023-093037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine foundation species are the biotic basis for many of the world's coastal ecosystems, providing structural habitat, food, and protection for myriad plants and animals as well as many ecosystem services. However, climate change poses a significant threat to foundation species and the ecosystems they support. We review the impacts of climate change on common marine foundation species, including corals, kelps, seagrasses, salt marsh plants, mangroves, and bivalves. It is evident that marine foundation species have already been severely impacted by several climate change drivers, often through interactive effects with other human stressors, such as pollution, overfishing, and coastal development. Despite considerable variation in geographical, environmental, and ecological contexts, direct and indirect effects of gradual warming and subsequent heatwaves have emerged as the most pervasive drivers of observed impact and potent threat across all marine foundation species, but effects from sea level rise, ocean acidification, and increased storminess are expected to increase. Documented impacts include changes in the genetic structures, physiology, abundance, and distribution of the foundation species themselves and changes to their interactions with other species, with flow-on effects to associated communities, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. We discuss strategies to support marine foundation species into the Anthropocene, in order to increase their resilience and ensure the persistence of the ecosystem services they provide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wernberg
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia;
- Flødevigen Research Station, Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
| | - Mads S Thomsen
- Marine Ecology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Julia K Baum
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melanie J Bishop
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John F Bruno
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- National Marine Science Centre, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Filbee-Dexter
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia;
- Flødevigen Research Station, Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
| | - Karine Gagnon
- Flødevigen Research Station, Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
| | - Qiang He
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniel Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research-World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Kerrylee Rogers
- School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian R Silliman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Starko
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia;
| | - Mathew A Vanderklift
- Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tian Y, Li H, Zhang D, Wang C, Hao R, Ru X, Hu Q, Huang Y, Zhu C. Effect of marine heatwaves on juvenile greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106302. [PMID: 38113590 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration in recent years causing significant impacts on marine organisms and fisheries. This study explores the physiological changes of juvenile greater amberjacks (Seriola dumerili) that cope with MHWs. Results showed that physiological parameters were significantly affected by the intensity, duration of MHWs or interaction of two factors (P < 0.05). Repeated MHWs in which water temperatures were increased (24 °C to 28 °C and 32 °C) resulted in changes in enzyme activity levels (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH)), as well as the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) for antioxidant defense, immune function (acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lysozyme (LYZ)), and energy metabolism (including triglycerides (TG), glucose (GLU), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)). The activities of enzymes, including those associated with antioxidant defense, immune function, and energy metabolism, changed significantly in relation to short-term MHWs, indicating a thermal stress response. When S. dumerili were exposed to repeated-MHWs, thermal stress responses increased at 28 °C (T28) and decreased at 32 °C (T32). These results exhibited the inability of S. dumerili to acclimate to severe thermal stress from MHWs. This study examined S. dumerili responses to MHWs and assessed the physiological adaptation of juvenile greater amberjacks to MHWs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Tian
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China
| | - Hang Li
- Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China
| | - Dongying Zhang
- Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China
| | - Ruijuan Hao
- Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China.
| | - Xiaoying Ru
- Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China; Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524006, China; Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
George MN, Cattau O, Middleton MA, Lawson D, Vadopalas B, Gavery M, Roberts SB. Triploid Pacific oysters exhibit stress response dysregulation and elevated mortality following heatwaves. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6969-6987. [PMID: 37464471 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy has been suggested to negatively impact environmental stress tolerance, resulting in increased susceptibility to extreme climate events. In this study, we compared the genomic and physiological response of diploid (2n) and triploid (3n) Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) to conditions present during an atmospheric heatwave that impacted the Pacific Northwestern region of the United States in the summer of 2021. Climate stressors were applied either singly (single stressor; elevated seawater temperature, 30°C) or in succession (multiple stressor; elevated seawater temperature followed by aerial emersion at 44°C), replicating conditions present within the intertidal over a tidal cycle during the event. Oyster mortality rate was elevated within stress treatments with respect to the control and was significantly higher in triploids than diploids following multiple stress exposure (36.4% vs. 14.8%). Triploids within the multiple stressor treatment exhibited signs of energetic limitation, including metabolic depression, a significant reduction in ctenidium Na+ /K+ ATPase activity, and the dysregulated expression of genes associated with stress response, innate immunity, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Functional enrichment analysis of ploidy-specific gene sets identified that biological processes associated with metabolism, stress tolerance, and immune function were overrepresented within triploids across stress treatments. Our results suggest that triploidy impacts the transcriptional regulation of key processes that underly the stress response of Pacific oysters, resulting in downstream shifts in physiological tolerance limits that may increase susceptibility to extreme climate events that present multiple environmental stressors. The impact of chromosome set manipulation on the climate resilience of marine organisms has important implications for domestic food security within future climate scenarios, especially as triploidy induction becomes an increasingly popular tool to elicit reproductive control across a wide range of species used within marine aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N George
- School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Olivia Cattau
- School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mollie A Middleton
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Saltwater Inc., Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Delaney Lawson
- School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brent Vadopalas
- School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mackenzie Gavery
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Steven B Roberts
- School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schwieterman GD, Hardison EA, Cox GK, Van Wert JC, Birnie-Gauvin K, Eliason EJ. Mechanisms of cardiac collapse at high temperature in a marine teleost (Girella nigrians). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 286:111512. [PMID: 37726058 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Heat-induced mortality in ectotherms may be attributed to impaired cardiac performance, specifically a collapse in maximum heart rate (fHmax), although the physiological mechanisms driving this phenomenon are still unknown. Here, we tested two proposed factors which may restrict cardiac upper thermal limits: noxious venous blood conditions and oxygen limitation. We hypothesized elevated blood [K+] (hyperkalemia) and low oxygen (hypoxia) would reduce cardiac upper thermal limits in a marine teleost (Girella nigricans), while high oxygen (hyperoxia) would increase thermal limits. We also hypothesized higher acclimation temperatures would exacerbate the harmful effects of an oxygen limitation. Using the Arrhenius breakpoint temperature test, we measured fHmax in acutely warmed fish under control (saline injected) and hyperkalemic conditions (elevated plasma [K+]) while exposed to hyperoxia (200% air saturation), normoxia (100% air saturation), or hypoxia (20% air saturation). We also measured ventricle lactate content and venous blood oxygen partial pressure (PO2) to determine if there were universal thresholds in either metric driving cardiac collapse. Elevated [K+] was not significantly correlated with any cardiac thermal tolerance metric. Hypoxia significantly reduced cardiac upper thermal limits (Arrhenius breakpoint temperature [TAB], peak fHmax, temperature of peak heart rate [TPeak], and temperature at arrhythmia [TARR]). Hyperoxia did not alter cardiac thermal limits compared to normoxia. There was no evidence of a species-wide threshold in ventricular [lactate] or venous PO2. Here, we demonstrate that oxygen limits cardiac thermal tolerance only in instances of hypoxia, but that other physiological processes are responsible for causing temperature-induced heart failure when oxygen is not limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail D Schwieterman
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA; Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station, Orono, ME, USA.
| | - Emily A Hardison
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. https://twitter.com/eahardison
| | | | - Jacey C Van Wert
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. https://twitter.com/jacey_van_wert
| | - Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark. https://twitter.com/kbg_conserv
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sibat M, Mai T, Tanniou S, Biegala I, Hess P, Jauffrais T. Seasonal Single-Site Sampling Reveals Large Diversity of Marine Algal Toxins in Coastal Waters and Shellfish of New Caledonia (Southwestern Pacific). Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:642. [PMID: 37999505 PMCID: PMC10674433 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Algal toxins pose a serious threat to human and coastal ecosystem health, even if their potential impacts are poorly documented in New Caledonia (NC). In this survey, bivalves and seawater (concentrated through passive samplers) from bays surrounding Noumea, NC, collected during the warm and cold seasons were analyzed for algal toxins using a multi-toxin screening approach. Several groups of marine microalgal toxins were detected for the first time in NC. Okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid-2 (AZA2), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), pinnatoxin-G (PnTX-G), and homo-yessotoxin (homo-YTX) were detected in seawater at higher levels during the summer. A more diversified toxin profile was found in shellfish with brevetoxin-3 (BTX3), gymnodimine-A (GYM-A), and 13-desmethyl spirolide-C (SPX1), being confirmed in addition to the five toxin groups also found in seawater. Diarrhetic and neurotoxic toxins did not exceed regulatory limits, but PnTX-G was present at up to the limit of the threshold recommended by the French Food Safety Authority (ANSES, 23 μg kg-1). In the present study, internationally regulated toxins of the AZA-, BTX-, and OA-groups by the Codex Alimentarius were detected in addition to five emerging toxin groups, indicating that algal toxins pose a potential risk for the consumers in NC or shellfish export.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoëlla Sibat
- Ifremer, ODE/PHYTOX/METALG, Rue de l’île d’Yeu, F-44300 Nantes, France;
| | - Tepoerau Mai
- Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, 98800 Nouméa, New Caledonia; (T.M.); (T.J.)
- Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Simon Tanniou
- Ifremer, ODE/PHYTOX/METALG, Rue de l’île d’Yeu, F-44300 Nantes, France;
| | - Isabelle Biegala
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, UM110, 13288 Marseille, France;
| | - Philipp Hess
- Ifremer, ODE/PHYTOX/METALG, Rue de l’île d’Yeu, F-44300 Nantes, France;
| | - Thierry Jauffrais
- Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, 98800 Nouméa, New Caledonia; (T.M.); (T.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Matsumoto H, Azuma N, Chiba S. Effects of heatwave events on the seagrass-dwelling crustacean Pandalus latirostris in a subarctic lagoon. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106226. [PMID: 37866199 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Heatwaves often cause mass mortality of organisms in seagrass areas, and they eventually alter some ecological functions of seagrass ecosystems. In subarctic regions, however, the effects of heatwaves on seagrass areas are still unclear. In a subarctic lagoon of northern Japan, we examined the effects of heatwaves on the Hokkai shrimp, Pandalus latirostris, a commercially exploited species distributed in seagrass areas of northern Japan and eastern Russia. A long-term survey of the surface water temperature in the lagoon clarified a gradual increase in the frequency and intensity of heatwave events since 1999. Surveys of the water temperature at a seagrass area in the lagoon during summer have also demonstrated that the maximum water temperature had been exceeding 25 °C, unusually high for this location, regardless of water depth. These results indicate that the effects of heatwaves in seagrass areas in a subarctic region had become as severe as those in tropical and temperate regions. We also experimentally evaluated the effects of this unusually high water temperature (25 °C) on the survival of P. latirostris by changing the length of exposure time. Some individuals suffered damage to their intestinal mucosal structure after exposure for 12 h or longer, and all individuals died after exposure for 120 h. Our results suggest that heatwaves possibly cause mass mortality in P. latirostris in the following sequence: heat stress, damage to the intestinal epithelial mucosal structure, degradation of nutrient absorption and immunological function of the intestine, energy deficiency and disease infection, and finally mortality. This study, conducted in subarctic closed waters, concludes that it is essential to become familiar with not only trends in heatwaves but also the intermittent occurrence of unusually high water temperature in seagrass areas in order to better understand the process of mortality of organisms that inhabit these ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan.
| | - Noriko Azuma
- Department of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan
| | - Susumu Chiba
- Graduate School of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan; Department of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li N, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Shi K, Qian H, Yang H, Niu Y, Qin B, Zhu G, Woolway RI, Jeppesen E. The unprecedented 2022 extreme summer heatwaves increased harmful cyanobacteria blooms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165312. [PMID: 37414191 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Heatwaves are increasing and expected to intensify in coming decades with global warming. However, direct evidence and knowledge of the mechanisms of the effects of heatwaves on harmful cyanobacteria blooms are limited and unclear. In 2022, we measured chlorophyll-a (Chla) at 20-s intervals based on a novel ground-based proximal sensing system (GBPSs) in the shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu and combined in situ Chla measurements with meteorological data to explore the impacts of heatwaves on cyanobacterial blooms and the potential relevant mechanisms. We found that three unprecedented summer heatwaves (July 4-15, July 22-August 16, and August 18-23) lasting a total of 44 days were observed with average maximum air temperatures (MATs) of 38.1 ± 1.9 °C, 38.7 ± 1.9 °C, and 40.2 ± 2.1 °C, respectively, and that these heatwaves were characterized by high air temperature, strong PAR, low wind speed and rainfall. The daily Chla significantly increased with increasing MAT and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and decreasing wind speed, revealing a clear promotion effect on harmful cyanobacteria blooms from the heatwaves. Moreover, the combined effects of high temperature, strong PAR and low wind, enhanced the stability of the water column, the light availability and the phosphorus release from the sediment which ultimately boosted cyanobacteria blooms. The projected increase in heatwave occurrence under future climate change underscores the urgency of reducing nutrient input to eutrophic lakes to combat cyanobacteria growth and of improving early warning systems to ensure secure water management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China.
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; Nanjing Zhongke Deep Insight Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; Nanjing Zhongke Deep Insight Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Haiming Qian
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Huayin Yang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Yongkang Niu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; Nanjing Zhongke Deep Insight Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China; Nanjing Zhongke Deep Insight Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211899, China
| | - R Iestyn Woolway
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Ecoscience and WATEC, Aarhus University, 6000 Aarhus, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100049, China; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation (EKOSAM), Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 33731 Mersin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang Y, Du Y, Feng M, Hobday AJ. Vertical structures of marine heatwaves. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6483. [PMID: 37838721 PMCID: PMC10576754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A marine heatwave (MHW) is typically defined as an anomalous warm event in the surface ocean, with wide-ranging impacts on marine and socio-economic systems. The surface warming associated with MHWs can penetrate into the deep ocean; however, the vertical structure of MHWs is poorly known in the global ocean. Here, we identify four main types of MHWs with different vertical structures using Argo profiles: shallow, subsurface-reversed, subsurface-intensified, and deep MHWs. These MHW types are characterized by different spatial distributions with hotspots of subsurface-reversed and subsurface-intensified MHWs at low latitudes and shallow and deep MHWs at middle-high latitudes. These vertical structures are influenced by ocean dynamical processes, including oceanic planetary waves, boundary currents, eddies, and mixing. The area and depth of all types of MHWs exhibit significant increasing trends over the past two decades. These results contribute to a better understanding of the physical drivers and ecological impacts of MHWs in a warming climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ming Feng
- CSIRO Environment, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Welch H, Savoca MS, Brodie S, Jacox MG, Muhling BA, Clay TA, Cimino MA, Benson SR, Block BA, Conners MG, Costa DP, Jordan FD, Leising AW, Mikles CS, Palacios DM, Shaffer SA, Thorne LH, Watson JT, Holser RR, Dewitt L, Bograd SJ, Hazen EL. Impacts of marine heatwaves on top predator distributions are variable but predictable. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5188. [PMID: 37669922 PMCID: PMC10480173 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine heatwaves cause widespread environmental, biological, and socio-economic impacts, placing them at the forefront of 21st-century management challenges. However, heatwaves vary in intensity and evolution, and a paucity of information on how this variability impacts marine species limits our ability to proactively manage for these extreme events. Here, we model the effects of four recent heatwaves (2014, 2015, 2019, 2020) in the Northeastern Pacific on the distributions of 14 top predator species of ecological, cultural, and commercial importance. Predicted responses were highly variable across species and heatwaves, ranging from near total loss of habitat to a two-fold increase. Heatwaves rapidly altered political bio-geographies, with up to 10% of predicted habitat across all species shifting jurisdictions during individual heatwaves. The variability in predicted responses across species and heatwaves portends the need for novel management solutions that can rapidly respond to extreme climate events. As proof-of-concept, we developed an operational dynamic ocean management tool that predicts predator distributions and responses to extreme conditions in near real-time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Welch
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA.
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - Matthew S Savoca
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Brodie
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Michael G Jacox
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- NOAA, Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Barbara A Muhling
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Resources Division, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Clay
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- People and Nature, Environmental Defense Fund, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - Megan A Cimino
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Scott R Benson
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Moss Landing, CA, USA
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, CA, USA
| | - Barbara A Block
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Melinda G Conners
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Daniel P Costa
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Fredrick D Jordan
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Andrew W Leising
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - Chloe S Mikles
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Daniel M Palacios
- Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Lesley H Thorne
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jordan T Watson
- NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratory, Juneau, AK, USA
- Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System, University of Hawai'i Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Rachel R Holser
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Lynn Dewitt
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Bograd
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Elliott L Hazen
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fredston AL, Cheung WWL, Frölicher TL, Kitchel ZJ, Maureaud AA, Thorson JT, Auber A, Mérigot B, Palacios-Abrantes J, Palomares MLD, Pecuchet L, Shackell NL, Pinsky ML. Marine heatwaves are not a dominant driver of change in demersal fishes. Nature 2023; 621:324-329. [PMID: 37648851 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves have been linked to negative ecological effects in recent decades1,2. If marine heatwaves regularly induce community reorganization and biomass collapses in fishes, the consequences could be catastrophic for ecosystems, fisheries and human communities3,4. However, the extent to which marine heatwaves have negative impacts on fish biomass or community composition, or even whether their effects can be distinguished from natural and sampling variability, remains unclear. We investigated the effects of 248 sea-bottom heatwaves from 1993 to 2019 on marine fishes by analysing 82,322 hauls (samples) from long-term scientific surveys of continental shelf ecosystems in North America and Europe spanning the subtropics to the Arctic. Here we show that the effects of marine heatwaves on fish biomass were often minimal and could not be distinguished from natural and sampling variability. Furthermore, marine heatwaves were not consistently associated with tropicalization (gain of warm-affiliated species) or deborealization (loss of cold-affiliated species) in these ecosystems. Although steep declines in biomass occasionally occurred after marine heatwaves, these were the exception, not the rule. Against the highly variable backdrop of ocean ecosystems, marine heatwaves have not driven biomass change or community turnover in fish communities that support many of the world's largest and most productive fisheries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa L Fredston
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - William W L Cheung
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thomas L Frölicher
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zoë J Kitchel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Aurore A Maureaud
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James T Thorson
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arnaud Auber
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER (Ifremer), Unité Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | | | - Juliano Palacios-Abrantes
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria Lourdes D Palomares
- Sea Around Us, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Nancy L Shackell
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Malin L Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang K, Xu Y, He G, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhao L. Physiological and biochemical responses of clams to recurrent marine heatwaves. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 190:106105. [PMID: 37487378 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, the frequency, intensity and duration of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the South China Sea have been increasing strikingly, resulting in serious impacts on intertidal bivalves and their ecosystems. The Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, is one of the most ecologically and economically important bivalve species in the South China Sea, yet very little is known about its fate under intensifying MHWs events. Here, we examined how R. philippinarum responded to two consecutive scenarios of MHWs, with each composed of 4 °C and 8 °C rises of seawater temperatures, respectively. Up to 87% of Manila clams survived recurrent MHWs events, and significant increases in standard metabolic rate occurred predominantly under extreme conditions (+8 °C), indicating that the clams could trigger compensatory mechanisms to mitigate MHWs-induced thermal stress. Following acute and repeated exposures to MHWs, Manila clams showed similar responses in enzymes underpinning energy metabolism (NKA, CMA, and T-ATP), antioxidant defence (SOD, CAT, and MDA), and biomineralization (AKP and ACP), most of which exhibited significantly increasing and then decreasing trends with the intensification of MHWs. Of eight genes associated with physiological tolerance and fitness, ATAD3A, PFK, SOD, and C3 were significantly down-regulated in response to recurrent MHWs events, demonstrating the certain resistance to MHWs. These findings provide a better understanding that marine bivalves hold the potential to acclimate simulated MHWs events from the physiological and molecular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guixiang He
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Pearl Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liqiang Zhao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hobday AJ, Burrows MT, Filbee-Dexter K, Holbrook NJ, Sen Gupta A, Smale DA, Smith KE, Thomsen MS, Wernberg T. With the arrival of El Niño, prepare for stronger marine heatwaves. Nature 2023; 621:38-41. [PMID: 37673984 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
|
27
|
Subramaniam RC, Ruwet M, Boschetti F, Fielke S, Fleming A, Dominguez-Martinez RM, Plagányi É, Schrobback P, Melbourne-Thomas J. The socio-ecological resilience and sustainability implications of seafood supply chain disruption. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37360577 PMCID: PMC10262934 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-023-09788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Remaining resilient under disruption, while also being sustainable, is essential for continued and equitable seafood supply in a changing world. However, despite the wide application of resilience thinking to sustainability research and the multiple dimensions of social-ecological sustainability, it can be difficult to ascertain how to make a supply chain both resilient and sustainable. In this review, we draw upon the socio-ecological resilience and sustainability literature to identify links and highlight concepts for managing and monitoring adaptive and equitable seafood supply chains. We then review documented responses of seafood supply networks to disruption and detail a case study to describe the attributes of a resilient seafood supply system. Finally, we outline the implications of these responses for social (including wellbeing and equity), economic and environmental sustainability. Disruptions to supply chains were categorised based on their frequency of occurrence (episodic, chronic, cumulative) and underlying themes were derived from supply chain responses for each type of disruption. We found that seafood supply chains were resilient when they were diverse (in either products, markets, consumers or processing), connected, supported by governments at all scales, and where supply chain actors were able to learn and collaborate through trust-based relationships. With planning, infrastructure and systematic mapping, these attributes also can help to build socio-ecological sustainability and move towards more adaptive and equitable seafood supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshni C. Subramaniam
- CSIRO Environment, Hobart, TAS 7000 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7000 Australia
| | - Mélodie Ruwet
- School of Government and International Relations, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222 Australia
| | | | - Simon Fielke
- CSIRO Environment, Dutton Park, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Aysha Fleming
- CSIRO Environment, Hobart, TAS 7000 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7000 Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jessica Melbourne-Thomas
- CSIRO Environment, Hobart, TAS 7000 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7000 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Montie S, Thomsen MS. Long-term community shifts driven by local extinction of an iconic foundation species following an extreme marine heatwave. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10235. [PMID: 37384244 PMCID: PMC10293786 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gradual ocean warming combined with stronger marine heatwaves (MHWs) can reduce abundances of foundation species that control community structures, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. However, few studies have documented long-term succession trajectories following the more extreme events that cause localized extinctions of foundation species. Here, we documented long-term successional changes to marine benthic communities in Pile Bay, New Zealand, following the Tasman 2017/18 MHW, which caused localized extinctions of dominant southern bull kelp (Durvillaea sp.). Six years on, multiscale annual and seasonal surveys show no sign of Durvillaea recolonization. Instead, the invasive annual kelp (Undaria pinnatifida), rapidly colonized areas previously dominated by Durvillaea, followed by large changes to the understory community, as Durvillaea holdfasts and encrusting coralline algae were replaced by coralline turf. Between 3 and 6 years after the total loss of Durvillaea, smaller native fucoids colonized in high densities. Although Undaria initially colonized plots throughout Durvillaea's tidal range, later in the succession Undaria only retained dominance in the lower intertidal zone and only in spring. Ultimately, the tidal zone was slowly replaced by alternative foundation species, composed of different canopy-forming brown seaweeds that dominated different intertidal elevations, resulting in a net increase in canopy and understory diversity. This study is a rare example of long-term effects following an extreme MHW that caused extinctions of a locally dominant canopy-former, but these events and their associated dramatic changes to community structures and biodiversity are expected to become increasingly common as MHWs continue to increase in strength, frequency, and duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinae Montie
- Marine Ecology Research Group, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Mads S. Thomsen
- Marine Ecology Research Group, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
- Department of EcoscienceAarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bass AV, Smith KE, Smale DA. Marine heatwaves and decreased light availability interact to erode the ecophysiological performance of habitat-forming kelp species. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:481-495. [PMID: 36964952 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coastal marine ecosystems are threatened by a range of anthropogenic stressors, operating at global, local, and temporal scales. We investigated the impact of marine heatwaves (MHWs) combined with decreased light availability over two seasons on the ecophysiological responses of three kelp species (Laminaria digitata, L. hyperborea, and L. ochroleuca). These species function as important habitat-forming foundation organisms in the northeast Atlantic and have distinct but overlapping latitudinal distributions and thermal niches. Under low-light conditions, summertime MHWs induced significant declines in biomass, blade surface area, and Fv/Fm values (a measure of photosynthetic efficiency) in the cool-water kelps L. digitata and L. hyperborea, albeit to varying degrees. Under high-light conditions, all species were largely resistant to simulated MHW activity. In springtime, MHWs had minimal impacts and in some cases promoted kelp performance, while reduced light availability resulted in lower growth rates. While some species were negatively affected by summer MHWs under low-light conditions (particularly L. digitata), they were generally resilient to MHWs under high-light conditions. As such, maintaining good environmental quality and water clarity may increase resilience of populations to summertime MHWs. Our study informs predictions of how habitat-forming foundation kelp species will be affected by interacting, concurrent stressors, typical of compound events that are intensifying under anthropogenic climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alissa V Bass
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK
| | - Kathryn E Smith
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tomasetti SJ, Hallinan BD, Tettelbach ST, Volkenborn N, Doherty OW, Allam B, Gobler CJ. Warming and hypoxia reduce the performance and survival of northern bay scallops (Argopecten irradians irradians) amid a fishery collapse. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2092-2107. [PMID: 36625070 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Warming temperatures and diminishing dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations are among the most pervasive drivers of global coastal change. While regions of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean are experiencing greater than average warming, the combined effects of thermal and hypoxic stress on marine life in this region are poorly understood. Populations of the northern bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians across the northeast United States have experienced severe declines in recent decades. This study used a combination of high-resolution (~1 km) satellite-based temperature records, long-term temperature and DO records, field and laboratory experiments, and high-frequency measures of scallop cardiac activity in an ecosystem setting to quantify decadal summer warming and assess the vulnerability of northern bay scallops to thermal and hypoxic stress across their geographic distribution. From 2003 to 2020, significant summer warming (up to ~0.2°C year-1 ) occurred across most of the bay scallop range. At a New York field site in 2020, all individuals perished during an 8-day estuarine heatwave that coincided with severe diel-cycling hypoxia. Yet at a Massachusetts site with comparable DO levels but lower daily mean temperatures, mortality was not observed. A 96-h laboratory experiment recreating observed daily temperatures of 25 or 29°C, and normoxia or hypoxia (22.2% air saturation), revealed a 120-fold increased likelihood of mortality in the 29°C-hypoxic treatment compared with control conditions, with scallop clearance rates also reduced by 97%. Cardiac activity measurements during a field deployment indicated that low DO and elevated daily temperatures modulate oxygen consumption rates and likely impact aerobic scope. Collectively, these findings suggest that concomitant thermal and hypoxic stress can have detrimental effects on scallop physiology and survival and potentially disrupt entire fisheries. Recovery of hypoxic systems may benefit vulnerable fisheries under continued warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brendan D Hallinan
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, USA
| | | | - Nils Volkenborn
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Amaya DJ, Jacox MG, Fewings MR, Saba VS, Stuecker MF, Rykaczewski RR, Ross AC, Stock CA, Capotondi A, Petrik CM, Bograd SJ, Alexander MA, Cheng W, Hermann AJ, Kearney KA, Powell BS. Marine heatwaves need clear definitions so coastal communities can adapt. Nature 2023; 616:29-32. [PMID: 37012469 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
|
32
|
Pastor F, Khodayar S. Marine heat waves: Characterizing a major climate impact in the Mediterranean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160621. [PMID: 36462657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Marine heat waves (MHW), considered as persistent and spatially extensive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, have emerged as one of the global change-induced high impact events on the oceans. The study of MHWs received significant progress in recent years, although many unknowns remain. One of the most notable weaknesses is related to the absence of a universally established definition that would allow better intercomparison of results. It is our aim to contribute to this debate by considering the spatial extent to define a MHW. By applying this hypothesis to a relatively small, but complex, basin such as the Mediterranean, MHWs have been characterized and long-term trends assessed from SST satellite data analysis. Our results show that the inclusion of a minimum area threshold, 5 % of the area basin, greatly reduces the population of MHW events by not considering local SST anomalies that do not constitute a MHW event. A trend to more frequent, intense, and longer MHWs is found in the 1982-2021 period in the Mediterranean. In the spatial characterization and long-term trend analysis, regional differences were apparent. Results evidenced variations in MHWs characteristics and trends across the different sub-basins evidencing the fact that, even in a relatively small basin such as the Mediterranean, significant regional differences make it necessary to include a spatial perspective in the studies, beyond purely local analysis at each observation point in a large basin or even in the global ocean. Regarding the characterization of MHWs and trend analysis in the Mediterranean basin, a growing trend has been found in terms of frequency, duration, and intensity that accelerated since 2000 and especially in the last decade, pointing not just to a steady intensification and higher frequency of MHWs but to the emergence of a new set of more intense, long-lasting and spatially extensive MHWs in the recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Pastor
- Mediterranean Centre for Environmental Studies (CEAM), Charles R. Darwin, 14, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - S Khodayar
- Mediterranean Centre for Environmental Studies (CEAM), Charles R. Darwin, 14, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Travesso M, Missionário M, Cruz S, Calado R, Madeira D. Combined effect of marine heatwaves and light intensity on the cellular stress response and photophysiology of the leather coral Sarcophyton cf. glaucum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160460. [PMID: 36435249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHW) are threatening tropical coral reef ecosystems, leading to mass bleaching events worldwide. The combination of heat stress with high irradiance is known to shape the health and redox status of corals, but research is biased toward scleractinian corals, while much less is known on tropical symbiotic soft corals. Here, we evaluated the cellular stress response and the photophysiological performance of the soft coral Sarcophyton cf. glaucum, popularly termed as leather coral, under different global change scenarios. Corals were exposed to different light intensities (high light, low light, ∼662 and 253 μmol photons m-2 s-1) for 30 days (time-point 1) and a subsequent MHW simulation was carried out for 10 days (control 26 vs 32 °C) (time-point 2). Subsequently, corals were returned to control temperature and allowed to recover for 30 days (time-point 3). Photophysiological performance (maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), a measure of photosynthetic activity; dark-level fluorescence (F0), as a proxy of chlorophyll a content (Chl a); and zooxanthellae density) and stress biomarkers (total protein, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, ubiquitin, and heat shock protein 70) were assessed in corals at these three time-points. Corals were especially sensitive to the combination of heat and high light stress, experiencing a decrease in their photosynthetic efficiency under these conditions. Heat stress resulted in bleaching via zooxanthellae loss while high light stress led to pigment (Chl a) loss. This species' antioxidant defenses, and protein degradation were particularly enhanced under heat stress. A recovery was clear for molecular parameters after 30 days of recovery, whereby photophysiological performance required more time to return to basal levels. We conclude that soft corals distributed along intertidal areas, where the light intensity is high, could be especially vulnerable to marine heatwave events, highlighting the need to direct conservation efforts toward these organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Travesso
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Madalena Missionário
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Sónia Cruz
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Diana Madeira
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Araújo RDA, de Mattos Neto PSG, Nedjah N, Soares SCB. An error correction system for sea surface temperature prediction. Neural Comput Appl 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-023-08311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
35
|
Nimbs MJ, Wernberg T, Davis TR, Champion C, Coleman MA. Climate change threatens unique evolutionary diversity in Australian kelp refugia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1248. [PMID: 36690643 PMCID: PMC9870953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change has driven contemporary decline and loss of kelp forests globally with an accompanying loss of their ecological and economic values. Kelp populations at equatorward-range edges are particularly vulnerable to climate change as these locations are undergoing warming at or beyond thermal tolerance thresholds. Concerningly, these range-edge populations may contain unique adaptive or evolutionary genetic diversity that is vulnerable to warming. We explore haplotype diversity by generating a Templeton-Crandall-Sing (TCS) network analysis of 119 Cytochrome C Oxidase (COI) sequences among four major population groupings for extant and putatively extinct populations only known from herbarium specimens of the dominant Laminarian kelp Ecklonia radiata in the south-western Pacific, a region warming at 2-4 times the global average. Six haplotypes occurred across the region with one being widespread across most populations. Three unique haplotypes were found in a deep-water range-edge population off Moreton Island, Queensland, which likely represents both a contemporary and historic refuge during periods of climatic change. Hindcasting E. radiata cover estimates using extant data, we reveal that this region likely supported the highest kelp cover in eastern Australia during the last glacial maximum. The equatorward range edge, deep-water kelp populations off Moreton Island represent a genetically diverse evolutionary refuge that is currently threatened by warming and requires prompt ex-situ conservation measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matt J Nimbs
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Tom R Davis
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Curtis Champion
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Smith KE, Burrows MT, Hobday AJ, King NG, Moore PJ, Sen Gupta A, Thomsen MS, Wernberg T, Smale DA. Biological Impacts of Marine Heatwaves. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2023; 15:119-145. [PMID: 35977411 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-032122-121437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climatic extremes are becoming increasingly common against a background trend of global warming. In the oceans, marine heatwaves (MHWs)-discrete periods of anomalously warm water-have intensified and become more frequent over the past century, impacting the integrity of marine ecosystems globally. We review and synthesize current understanding of MHW impacts at the individual, population, and community levels. We then examine how these impacts affect broader ecosystem services and discuss the current state of research on biological impacts of MHWs. Finally, we explore current and emergent approaches to predicting the occurrence andimpacts of future events, along with adaptation and management approaches. With further increases in intensity and frequency projected for coming decades, MHWs are emerging as pervasive stressors to marine ecosystems globally. A deeper mechanistic understanding of their biological impacts is needed to better predict and adapt to increased MHW activity in the Anthropocene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Smith
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, United Kingdom; , ,
| | | | | | - Nathan G King
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, United Kingdom; , ,
| | - Pippa J Moore
- Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom;
| | - Alex Sen Gupta
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Mads S Thomsen
- Marine Ecology Research Group, Centre of Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand;
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia;
- Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, United Kingdom; , ,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Assessing the Trophic Impact of Bleaching: The Model Pair Berghia stephanieae/ Exaiptasia diaphana. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020291. [PMID: 36670832 PMCID: PMC9854479 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bleaching events associated with climate change are increasing worldwide, being a major threat to tropical coral reefs. Nonetheless, the indirect impacts promoted by the bleaching of organisms hosting photosynthetic endosymbionts, such as those impacting trophic interactions, have received considerably less attention by the scientific community. Bleaching significantly affects the nutritional quality of bleached organisms. The consequences promoted by such shifts remain largely overlooked, namely on specialized predators that have evolved to prey upon organisms hosting photosynthetic endosymbionts and benefit nutritionally, either directly or indirectly, from the available pool of photosynthates. In the present study, we advocate the use of the model predator-prey pair featuring the stenophagous nudibranch sea slug Berghia stephanieae that preys upon the photosymbiotic glass anemone Exaiptasia diaphana to study the impacts of bleaching on trophic interactions. These model organisms are already used in other research fields, and one may benefit from knowledge available on their physiology, omics, and culture protocols under controlled laboratory conditions. Moreover, B. stephanieae can thrive on either photosymbiotic or aposymbiotic (bleached) glass anemones, which can be easily maintained over long periods in the laboratory (unlike photosymbiotic corals). As such, one can investigate if and how nutritional shifts induced by bleaching impact highly specialized predators (stenophagous species), as well as if and how such effects cascade over consecutive generations. Overall, by using this model predator-prey pair one can start to truly unravel the trophic effects of bleaching events impacting coral reef communities, as well as their prevalence over time.
Collapse
|
38
|
Ogier EM, Smith DC, Breen S, Gardner C, Gaughan DJ, Gorfine HK, Hobday AJ, Moltschaniwskyj N, Murphy R, Saunders T, Steer M, Woodhams J. Initial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Australian fisheries production, research organisations and assessment: shocks, responses and implications for decision support and resilience. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2023; 33:513-534. [PMID: 37122955 PMCID: PMC9977636 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-023-09760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Australia's fisheries have experience in responding individually to specific shocks to stock levels (for example, marine heatwaves, floods) and markets (for example, global financial crisis, food safety access barriers). The COVID-19 pandemic was, however, novel in triggering a series of systemic shocks and disruptions to the activities and operating conditions for all Australia's commercial fisheries sectors including those of the research agencies that provide the information needed for their sustainable management. While these disruptions have a single root cause-the public health impacts and containment responses to the COVID-19 pandemic-their transmission and effects have been varied. We examine both the impacts on Australian fisheries triggered by measures introduced by governments both internationally and domestically in response to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, and the countermeasures introduced to support continuity in fisheries and aquaculture production and supply chains. Impacts on fisheries production are identified by comparing annual and monthly catch data for Australia's commercial fisheries in 2020 with averages for the last 4-5 years. We combine this with a survey of the short-term disruption to and impacts on research organisations engaged in fisheries monitoring and assessment and the adaptive measures they deployed. The dominant impact identified was triggered by containment measures both within Australia and in export receiving countries which led to loss of export markets and domestic dine-in markets for live or fresh seafood. The most heavily impact fisheries included lobster and abalone (exported live) and specific finfishes (exported fresh or sold live domestically), which experienced short-term reductions in both production and price. At the same time, improved prices and demand for seafood sold into domestic retail channels were observed. The impacts observed were both a function of the disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the countermeasures and support programs introduced by various national and state-level governments across Australia to at least partly mitigate negative impacts on harvesting activities and supply chains. These included protecting fisheries activities from specific restrictive COVID-19 containment measures, pro-actively re-establishing freight links, supporting quota roll-overs, and introducing wage and businesses support packages. Fisheries research organisations were impacted to various degrees, largely determined by the extent to which their field monitoring activities were protected from specific restrictive COVID-19 containment measures by their state-level governments. Responses of these organisations included reducing fisheries dependent and independent data collection as required while developing strategies to continue to provide assessment services, including opportunistic innovations to harvest data from new data sources. Observed short run impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has emphasised both the vulnerability of fisheries dependent on export markets, live or fresh markets, and long supply chains and the resilience of fisheries research programs. We suggest that further and more comprehensive analysis over a longer time period of the long-run impacts of subsequent waves of variants, extended pandemic containment measures, autonomous and planned adaptive responses would be beneficial for the development of more effective counter measures for when the next major external shock affects Australian fisheries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Ogier
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - David C. Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Sian Breen
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Caleb Gardner
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Gaughan
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, North Beach, WA Australia
| | - Harry K. Gorfine
- Fisheries Management and Science Branch, Victorian Fisheries Authority, Queenscliff, VIC Australia
| | - Alistair J. Hobday
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | | | - Ryan Murphy
- Australian Fisheries Management Authority, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Thor Saunders
- Department of Primary Industries, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Fisheries Division, Darwin, NT Australia
| | - Mike Steer
- Aquatic and Livestock Sciences Division, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - James Woodhams
- Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, Canberra, ACT Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
He G, Xiong X, Peng Y, Yang C, Xu Y, Liu X, Liang J, Masanja F, Yang K, Xu X, Zheng Z, Deng Y, Leung JYS, Zhao L. Transcriptomic responses reveal impaired physiological performance of the pearl oyster following repeated exposure to marine heatwaves. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158726. [PMID: 36108834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves are predicted to become more intense and frequent in the future, possibly threatening the survival of marine organisms and devastating their communities. While recent evidence reveals the adaptability of marine organisms to heatwaves, substantially overlooked is whether they can also adjust to repeated heatwave exposure, which can occur in nature. By analysing transcriptome, we examined the fitness and recoverability of the pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) after two consecutive heatwaves (24 °C to 32 °C for 3 days; recovery at 24 °C for 4 days). In the first heatwave, 331 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found, such as AGE-RAGE, MAPK, JAK-STAT, FoxO and mTOR. Despite the recovery after the first heatwave, 2511 DEGs related to energy metabolism, body defence, cell proliferation and biomineralization were found, where 1655 of them were downregulated, suggesting a strong negative response to the second heatwave. Our findings imply that some marine organisms can indeed tolerate heatwaves by boosting energy metabolism to support molecular defence, cell proliferation and biomineralization, but this capacity can be overwhelmed by repeated exposure to heatwaves. Since recurrence of heatwaves within a short period of time is predicted to be more prevalent in the future, the functioning of marine ecosystems would be disrupted if marine organisms fail to accommodate repeated extreme thermal stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang He
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xinwei Xiong
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yalan Peng
- Zhuhai Central Station of Marine Environmental Monitoring, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhuhai 519015, China
| | - Chuangye Yang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | | | - Ke Yang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jonathan Y S Leung
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
| | - Liqiang Zhao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
He G, Peng Y, Liu X, Liu Y, Liang J, Xu X, Yang K, Masanja F, Xu Y, Deng Y, Zhao L. Post-responses of intertidal bivalves to recurrent heatwaves. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114223. [PMID: 36240632 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heatwaves are becoming hotter, longer and more frequent, threatening the survival of intertidal bivalves and devastating their ecosystems. Yet, substantially overlooked are heatwave-induced post-responses, which are important to assess cascading consequences. Here, we investigated responses of intertidal bivalves, Ruditapes philippinarum, to recurrent heatwaves. Physiological and gene expression analyses demonstrated that the mantle tissue of R. philippinarum did not sensitively respond to heatwaves, but revealed post-responses under recovery scenarios. Of 20 genes related to essential physiology and fitness, 18 were down-regulated during the 1st recovery period, but following repeated exposure, 13 genes were up-regulated, in line with significantly increased activities of energy-metabolizing enzymes, and antioxidant and nonspecific enzymes. The down-regulation of genes involved in biomineralization, nevertheless, was observed under recovery scenarios, implying the trade-off between essential physiological and fitness-related functions. These findings pave the way for understanding the physiological plasticity of marine bivalves in response to intensifying heatwaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang He
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yalan Peng
- Zhuhai Central Station of Marine Environmental Monitoring, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhuhai 519015, China.
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | | | - Yang Xu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Liqiang Zhao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Michaud KM, Reed DC, Miller RJ. The Blob marine heatwave transforms California kelp forest ecosystems. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1143. [PMID: 36307673 PMCID: PMC9614761 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean warming has both direct physiological and indirect ecological consequences for marine organisms. Sessile animals may be particularly vulnerable to anomalous warming given constraints in food acquisition and reproduction imposed by sessility. In temperate reef ecosystems, sessile suspension feeding invertebrates provide food for an array of mobile species and act as a critical trophic link between the plankton and the benthos. Using 14 years of seasonal benthic community data across five coastal reefs, we evaluated how communities of sessile invertebrates in southern California kelp forests responded to the "Blob", a period of anomalously high temperatures and low phytoplankton production. We show that this event had prolonged consequences for kelp forest ecosystems. Changes to community structure, including species invasions, have persisted six years post-Blob, suggesting that a climate-driven shift in California kelp forests is underway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Michaud
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Daniel C Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Robert J Miller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Satterthwaite EV, Komyakova V, Erazo NG, Gammage L, Juma GA, Kelly R, Kleinman D, Lobelle D, James RS, Zanuri NBM. Five actionable pillars to engage the next generation of leaders in the co-design of transformative ocean solutions. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001832. [PMID: 36251638 PMCID: PMC9576046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Solutions to complex and unprecedented global challenges are urgently needed. Overcoming these challenges requires input and innovative solutions from all experts, including Early Career Ocean Professionals (ECOPs). To achieve diverse inclusion from ECOPs, fundamental changes must occur at all levels—from individuals to organizations. Drawing on insights from across the globe, we propose 5 actionable pillars that support the engagement of ECOPs in co-design processes that address ocean sustainability: sharing knowledge through networks and mentorship, providing cross-boundary training and opportunities, incentivizing and celebrating knowledge co-design, creating inclusive and participatory governance structures, and catalyzing culture change for inclusivity. Foundational to all actions are the cross-cutting principles of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusivity. In addition, the pillars are cross-boundary in nature, including collaboration and innovation across sectors, disciplines, regions, generations, and backgrounds. Together, these recommendations provide an actionable and iterative path toward inclusive engagement and intergenerational exchange that can develop ocean solutions for a sustainable future. Early Career Ocean Professionals (ECOPs) need to engage in co-design processes that address ocean sustainability. This Consensus View proposes five pillars to provide an actionable and iterative path toward inclusive engagement and intergenerational exchange that can develop ocean solutions for a sustainable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin V. Satterthwaite
- California Sea Grant, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Valeriya Komyakova
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Natalia G. Erazo
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Louise Gammage
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine & Antarctic Research for Innovation & Sustainability (MARIS), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gabriel A. Juma
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Daniel Kleinman
- Seaworthy Collective, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Delphine Lobelle
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rachel Sapery James
- Blue Pacific Programs Manager, WWF-Australia, Gubbi Gubbi Country, Sunshine Coast
| | - Norlaila Binti Mohd Zanuri
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies (CEMACS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Garrabou J, Gómez‐Gras D, Medrano A, Cerrano C, Ponti M, Schlegel R, Bensoussan N, Turicchia E, Sini M, Gerovasileiou V, Teixido N, Mirasole A, Tamburello L, Cebrian E, Rilov G, Ledoux J, Souissi JB, Khamassi F, Ghanem R, Benabdi M, Grimes S, Ocaña O, Bazairi H, Hereu B, Linares C, Kersting DK, la Rovira G, Ortega J, Casals D, Pagès‐Escolà M, Margarit N, Capdevila P, Verdura J, Ramos A, Izquierdo A, Barbera C, Rubio‐Portillo E, Anton I, López‐Sendino P, Díaz D, Vázquez‐Luis M, Duarte C, Marbà N, Aspillaga E, Espinosa F, Grech D, Guala I, Azzurro E, Farina S, Cristina Gambi M, Chimienti G, Montefalcone M, Azzola A, Mantas TP, Fraschetti S, Ceccherelli G, Kipson S, Bakran‐Petricioli T, Petricioli D, Jimenez C, Katsanevakis S, Kizilkaya IT, Kizilkaya Z, Sartoretto S, Elodie R, Ruitton S, Comeau S, Gattuso J, Harmelin J. Marine heatwaves drive recurrent mass mortalities in the Mediterranean Sea. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5708-5725. [PMID: 35848527 PMCID: PMC9543131 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and mass mortality events (MMEs) of marine organisms are one of their main ecological impacts. Here, we show that during the 2015-2019 period, the Mediterranean Sea has experienced exceptional thermal conditions resulting in the onset of five consecutive years of widespread MMEs across the basin. These MMEs affected thousands of kilometers of coastline from the surface to 45 m, across a range of marine habitats and taxa (50 taxa across 8 phyla). Significant relationships were found between the incidence of MMEs and the heat exposure associated with MHWs observed both at the surface and across depths. Our findings reveal that the Mediterranean Sea is experiencing an acceleration of the ecological impacts of MHWs which poses an unprecedented threat to its ecosystems' health and functioning. Overall, we show that increasing the resolution of empirical observation is critical to enhancing our ability to more effectively understand and manage the consequences of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Garrabou
- Institut de Ciències del Mar‐CSICBarcelonaSpain
- Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIOAix Marseille UnivMarseilleFrance
| | - Daniel Gómez‐Gras
- Institut de Ciències del Mar‐CSICBarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alba Medrano
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carlo Cerrano
- Dept of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
- Fano Marine CentreFanoItaly
| | - Massimo Ponti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
- CoNISMaRomeItaly
| | - Robert Schlegel
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de VillefrancheSorbonne, Université, CNRSVillefranche‐sur‐merFrance
| | - Nathaniel Bensoussan
- Institut de Ciències del Mar‐CSICBarcelonaSpain
- Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIOAix Marseille UnivMarseilleFrance
| | - Eva Turicchia
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
- CoNISMaRomeItaly
| | - Maria Sini
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of the AegeanMytileneGreece
| | - Vasilis Gerovasileiou
- Department of Environment, Faculty of EnvironmentIonian UniversityZakynthosGreece
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR)Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC)HeraklionGreece
| | - Nuria Teixido
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de VillefrancheSorbonne, Université, CNRSVillefranche‐sur‐merFrance
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine EcologyIschia Marine CentreNaplesItaly
| | - Alice Mirasole
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine EcologyIschia Marine CentreNaplesItaly
| | - Laura Tamburello
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine EcologyIschia Marine CentreNaplesItaly
| | - Emma Cebrian
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB‐CSIC)GironaSpain
| | - Gil Rilov
- National Institute of OceanographyIsrael Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR)HaifaIsrael
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Ledoux
- Institut de Ciències del Mar‐CSICBarcelonaSpain
- CIIMAR‐Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental ResearchUniversity of PortoMatosinhosPortugal
| | - Jamila Ben Souissi
- National Agronomic Institute of TunisiaTunis University of CarthageTunisTunisia
- Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory‐LR11ES09University of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
| | - Faten Khamassi
- National Agronomic Institute of TunisiaTunis University of CarthageTunisTunisia
| | - Raouia Ghanem
- Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory‐LR11ES09University of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
| | | | - Samir Grimes
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de la Mer et de l'Aménagement (ENSSMAL)AlgerAlgeria
| | | | - Hocein Bazairi
- Laboratory 'Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome', Faculty of SciencesMohamed V University in RabatRabatMorocco
| | - Bernat Hereu
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Cristina Linares
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Diego Kurt Kersting
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Graciel la Rovira
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Júlia Ortega
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - David Casals
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marta Pagès‐Escolà
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Núria Margarit
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Pol Capdevila
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Alfonso Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología AplicadaUniversidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | | | - Carmen Barbera
- Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología AplicadaUniversidad de AlicanteAlicanteSpain
| | | | | | | | - David Díaz
- Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares (IEO‐CSIC)Palma de MallorcaSpain
| | | | - Carlos Duarte
- Red Sea Research CenterKing Abudllah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis AvançatsMallorcaSpain
| | - Nuria Marbà
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis AvançatsMallorcaSpain
| | | | - Free Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Biología MarinaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | | | - Ivan Guala
- IMC—International Marine CentreOristanoItaly
| | - Ernesto Azzurro
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine EcologyIschia Marine CentreNaplesItaly
- CNR‐IRBIM, NR‐IRBIM, National Research CouncilInstitute of Biological Resources and Marine BiotechnologiesAnconaItaly
| | - Simone Farina
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Deptartment of Integrative Marine EcologyGenoa Marine CentreGenoaItaly
| | | | - Giovanni Chimienti
- CoNISMaRomeItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Monica Montefalcone
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Annalisa Azzola
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | | | - Simonetta Fraschetti
- CoNISMaRomeItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | | | - Silvija Kipson
- SEAFANZagrebCroatia
- Faculty of Science, Department of BiologyUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | | | - Donat Petricioli
- D.I.I.V. Ltd for Marine, Freshwater and Subterranean EcologySaliCroatia
| | - Carlos Jimenez
- Enalia Physis Environmental Research CentreNicosiaCyprus
- The Cyprus Institute Energy Environment and Water Research CenterAglantziaCyprus
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandrine Ruitton
- Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIOAix Marseille UnivMarseilleFrance
| | - Steeve Comeau
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de VillefrancheSorbonne, Université, CNRSVillefranche‐sur‐merFrance
| | - Jean‐Pierre Gattuso
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de VillefrancheSorbonne, Université, CNRSVillefranche‐sur‐merFrance
- Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations. Sciences PoParisFrance
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
He G, Zou J, Liu X, Liang F, Liang J, Yang K, Masanja F, Xu Y, Zheng Z, Deng Y, Zhao L. Assessing the impact of atmospheric heatwaves on intertidal clams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156744. [PMID: 35716751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heatwaves have become more frequent and intense in the last two decades, resulting in detrimental effects on marine bivalves and ecosystems they sustain. Intertidal clams inhabit the most physiologically challenging habitats in coastal areas and live already near their thermal tolerance limits. However, whether and to what extent atmospheric heatwaves affect intertidal bivalves remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated physiological responses of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, to heatwaves at air temperature regimes of 40 °C and 50 °C occurring frequently and occasionally at the present day in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. With the increasing intensity of heatwaves and following only two days of aerial exposure, Manila clams suffered 100 % mortality at 50 °C, indicating that they succumb to near future heatwaves, although they survived under various scenarios of moderate heatwaves. The latter is couched in energetic terms across levels of biological organization. Specifically, Manila clams acutely exposed to heatwaves enhanced their standard metabolic rate to fuel essential physiological maintenance, such as increasing activities of SOD, CAT, MDA, and AKP, and expression of HSP70. These strategies occur likely at the expense of fitness-related functions, as best exemplified by significant depressions in activities of enzymes (NKA, CMA, and T-ATP) and expression levels of genes (PT, KHK, CA, CAS, TYR, TNF-BP, and OSER). When heatwaves occurred again, Manila clams can respond and acclimate to thermal stress by implementing a suite of more ATP-efficient and less energy-costly compensatory mechanisms at various levels of biological organization. It is consequently becoming imperative to uncover underlying mechanisms responsible for such positive response and rapid acclimation to recurrent heatwaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang He
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jie Zou
- Guangxi Institute of Oceanology Co., Ltd, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Beihai, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Feilong Liang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | | | - Yang Xu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Marine Ecological Early Warning and Monitoring, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Liqiang Zhao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The drivers and the implications of marine heatwaves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209393119. [PMID: 35749359 PMCID: PMC9245663 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209393119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
46
|
Feng Y, Bethel BJ, Dong C, Zhao H, Yao Y, Yu Y. Marine heatwave events near Weizhou Island, Beibu Gulf in 2020 and their possible relations to coral bleaching. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153414. [PMID: 35134409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are events of anomalously high sea surface temperatures lasting for five days or more and have recently been linked to widespread environmental stress on marine organisms, though there are few studies in the Beibu Gulf. This study characterizes MHWs near Weizhou Island (21°00'-21°10' N, 109°00'-109°15' E) using a recently developed detection algorithm on a high-resolution satellite sea surface temperature (SST) product and considers their potential influence on coral bleaching events. Reanalysis data are used to investigate atmospheric factors in MHWs occurrences. Results showed that among a total of 112 MHWs having occurred from 1983 to 2020, eight discrete MHWs occurring throughout 2020 in Weizhou Island. Interestingly, although not the most intense in 2020, the June 3rd-August 2nd event lasted for an enormous 61 days with mean and maximum intensities of 2.68 °C and 1.73 °C above climatology, respectively. The reasons for the occurrence and severity of MHWs in 2020 the intensification of Northwest Pacific subtropical high and its extension leading to increased shortwave radiation reaching the sea surface during the summer, reduced typhoon activity in July, weakened wind fields north of 20.5°N, and an enhancement in sea level anomalies. These act in concert to prevent heat transport away from the Beibu Gulf and thus, more intense MHWs. A massive coral bleaching event occurred in 2020 and is highly likely to be linked to MHWs activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environment Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Research Center for Coastal Environmental Protection and Ecological Remediation, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brandon J Bethel
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Changming Dong
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environment Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Yulong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Fujian Meteorological Center, Fuzhou 350011, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Thoral F, Montie S, Thomsen MS, Tait LW, Pinkerton MH, Schiel DR. Unravelling seasonal trends in coastal marine heatwave metrics across global biogeographical realms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7740. [PMID: 35545696 PMCID: PMC9095592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) can cause dramatic changes to ecologically, culturally, and economically important coastal ecosystems. To date, MHW studies have focused on geographically isolated regions or broad-scale global oceanic analyses, without considering coastal biogeographical regions and seasons. However, to understand impacts from MHWs on diverse coastal communities, a combined biogeographical-seasonal approach is necessary, because (1) bioregions reflect community-wide temperature tolerances and (2) summer or winter heatwaves likely affect communities differently. We therefore carried out season-specific Theil–Sen robust linear regressions and Pettitt change point analyses from 1982 to 2021 on the number of events, number of MHW days, mean intensity, maximum intensity, and cumulative intensity of MHWs, for each of the world’s 12 major coastal biogeographical realms. We found that 70% of 240 trend analyses increased significantly, 5% decreased and 25% were unaffected. There were clear differences between trends in metrics within biogeographical regions, and among seasons. For the significant increases, most change points occurred between 1998 and 2006. Regression slopes were generally positive across MHW metrics, seasons, and biogeographical realms as well as being highest after change point detection. Trends were highest for the Arctic, Northern Pacific, and Northern Atlantic realms in summer, and lowest for the Southern Ocean and several equatorial realms in other seasons. Our analysis highlights that future case studies should incorporate break point changes and seasonality in MHW analysis, to increase our understanding of how future, more frequent, and stronger MHWs will affect coastal ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Thoral
- Marine Ecology Research Group and Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. .,NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Shinae Montie
- Marine Ecology Research Group and Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mads S Thomsen
- Marine Ecology Research Group and Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Leigh W Tait
- Marine Ecology Research Group and Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,NIWA, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - David R Schiel
- Marine Ecology Research Group and Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jacox MG, Alexander MA, Amaya D, Becker E, Bograd SJ, Brodie S, Hazen EL, Pozo Buil M, Tommasi D. Global seasonal forecasts of marine heatwaves. Nature 2022; 604:486-490. [PMID: 35444322 PMCID: PMC9021020 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs)—periods of exceptionally warm ocean temperature lasting weeks to years—are now widely recognized for their capacity to disrupt marine ecosystems1–3. The substantial ecological and socioeconomic impacts of these extreme events present significant challenges to marine resource managers4–7, who would benefit from forewarning of MHWs to facilitate proactive decision-making8–11. However, despite extensive research into the physical drivers of MHWs11,12, there has been no comprehensive global assessment of our ability to predict these events. Here we use a large multimodel ensemble of global climate forecasts13,14 to develop and assess MHW forecasts that cover the world’s oceans with lead times of up to a year. Using 30 years of retrospective forecasts, we show that the onset, intensity and duration of MHWs are often predictable, with skilful forecasts possible from 1 to 12 months in advance depending on region, season and the state of large-scale climate modes, such as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. We discuss considerations for setting decision thresholds based on the probability that a MHW will occur, empowering stakeholders to take appropriate actions based on their risk profile. These results highlight the potential for operational MHW forecasts, analogous to forecasts of extreme weather phenomena, to promote climate resilience in global marine ecosystems. Climate forecast systems are used to develop and evaluate global predictions of marine heatwaves (MHWs), highlighting the feasibility of predicting MHWs and providing a foundation for operational MHW forecasts to support climate adaptation and resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Jacox
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA. .,NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA. .,University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | | | - Dillon Amaya
- NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Steven J Bograd
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA.,University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Brodie
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA.,University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Elliott L Hazen
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA.,University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Mercedes Pozo Buil
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA.,University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Desiree Tommasi
- University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.,NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Straub SC, Wernberg T, Marzinelli EM, Vergés A, Kelaher BP, Coleman MA. Persistence of seaweed forests in the anthropocene will depend on warming and marine heatwave profiles. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:22-35. [PMID: 34800039 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs), discrete periods of extreme warm water temperatures superimposed onto persistent ocean warming, have increased in frequency and significantly disrupted marine ecosystems. While field observations on the ecological consequences of MHWs are growing, a mechanistic understanding of their direct effects is rare. We conducted an outdoor tank experiment testing how different thermal stressor profiles impacted the ecophysiological performance of three dominant forest-forming seaweeds. Four thermal scenarios were tested: contemporary summer temperature (22°C), low persistent warming (24°C), a discrete MHW (22-27°C), and temperature variability followed by a MHW (22-24°C, 22-27°C). The physiological performance of seaweeds was strongly related to thermal profile and varied among species, with the highest temperature not always having the strongest effect. MHWs were highly detrimental for the fucoid Phyllospora comosa, whereas the laminarian kelp Ecklonia radiata showed sensitivity to extended thermal stress and demonstrated a cumulative temperature threshold. The fucoid Sargassum linearifolium showed resilience, albeit with signs of decline with bleached and degraded fronds, under all conditions, with stronger decline under stable control and warming conditions. The varying responses of these three co-occurring forest-forming seaweeds under different temperature scenarios suggests that the impact of ocean warming on near shore ecosystems may be complex and will depend on the specific thermal profile of rising water temperatures relative to the vulnerability of different species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Straub
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Research Station, His, Norway
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries, NSW Fisheries, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| |
Collapse
|