1
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Zhang S, Hagens LA, Heijnen NFL, Smit MR, Brinkman P, Fenn D, van der Poll T, Schultz MJ, Bergmans DCJJ, Schnabel RM, Bos LDJ. Breath metabolomics for diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 2024; 28:96. [PMID: 38521944 PMCID: PMC10960461 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) poses challenges in early identification. Exhaled breath contains metabolites reflective of pulmonary inflammation. AIM To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of breath metabolites for ARDS in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS This two-center observational study included critically ill patients receiving invasive ventilation. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to quantify the exhaled metabolites. The Berlin definition of ARDS was assessed by three experts to categorize all patients into "certain ARDS", "certain no ARDS" and "uncertain ARDS" groups. The patients with "certain" labels from one hospital formed the derivation cohort used to train a classifier built based on the five most significant breath metabolites. The diagnostic accuracy of the classifier was assessed in all patients from the second hospital and combined with the lung injury prediction score (LIPS). RESULTS A total of 499 patients were included in this study. Three hundred fifty-seven patients were included in the derivation cohort (60 with certain ARDS; 17%), and 142 patients in the validation cohort (47 with certain ARDS; 33%). The metabolites 1-methylpyrrole, 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene, methoxyacetic acid, 2-methylfuran and 2-methyl-1-propanol were included in the classifier. The classifier had an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROCC) of 0.71 (CI 0.63-0.78) in the derivation cohort and 0.63 (CI 0.52-0.74) in the validation cohort. Combining the breath test with the LIPS does not significantly enhance the diagnostic performance. CONCLUSION An exhaled breath metabolomics-based classifier has moderate diagnostic accuracy for ARDS but was not sufficiently accurate for clinical use, even after combination with a clinical prediction score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Department of Intensive Care, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G3-228, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura A Hagens
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Department of Intensive Care, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G3-228, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nanon F L Heijnen
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marry R Smit
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Department of Intensive Care, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G3-228, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Brinkman
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic Fenn
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus J Schultz
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Department of Intensive Care, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G3-228, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dennis C J J Bergmans
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Centre+, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronny M Schnabel
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe D J Bos
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Department of Intensive Care, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G3-228, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Honeker LK, Pugliese G, Ingrisch J, Fudyma J, Gil-Loaiza J, Carpenter E, Singer E, Hildebrand G, Shi L, Hoyt DW, Chu RK, Toyoda J, Krechmer JE, Claflin MS, Ayala-Ortiz C, Freire-Zapata V, Pfannerstill EY, Daber LE, Meeran K, Dippold MA, Kreuzwieser J, Williams J, Ladd SN, Werner C, Tfaily MM, Meredith LK. Drought re-routes soil microbial carbon metabolism towards emission of volatile metabolites in an artificial tropical rainforest. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1480-1494. [PMID: 37524975 PMCID: PMC10390333 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Drought impacts on microbial activity can alter soil carbon fate and lead to the loss of stored carbon to the atmosphere as CO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here we examined drought impacts on carbon allocation by soil microbes in the Biosphere 2 artificial tropical rainforest by tracking 13C from position-specific 13C-pyruvate into CO2 and VOCs in parallel with multi-omics. During drought, efflux of 13C-enriched acetate, acetone and C4H6O2 (diacetyl) increased. These changes represent increased production and buildup of intermediate metabolites driven by decreased carbon cycling efficiency. Simultaneously,13C-CO2 efflux decreased, driven by a decrease in microbial activity. However, the microbial carbon allocation to energy gain relative to biosynthesis was unchanged, signifying maintained energy demand for biosynthesis of VOCs and other drought-stress-induced pathways. Overall, while carbon loss to the atmosphere via CO2 decreased during drought, carbon loss via efflux of VOCs increased, indicating microbially induced shifts in soil carbon fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea K Honeker
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Giovanni Pugliese
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Ingrisch
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Ecology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jane Fudyma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Juliana Gil-Loaiza
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Gina Hildebrand
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lingling Shi
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - David W Hoyt
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL), Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL), Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jason Toyoda
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL), Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jordan E Krechmer
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
- Bruker Daltonics Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eva Y Pfannerstill
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - L Erik Daber
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Michaela A Dippold
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Nemiah Ladd
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Malak M Tfaily
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Laura K Meredith
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Variation with In Vitro Analysis of Volatile Profiles among Aspergillus flavus Strains from Louisiana. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by A. flavus strains were first captured and identified to discern between non-aflatoxigenic and toxigenic phenotypes, and more recently to help with detecting fungal infection, but not with the goal of using VOCs produced by non-aflatoxigenic strains to inhibit growth and/or production of one or more mycotoxins (e.g., aflatoxin and cyclopiazonic acid) by toxigenic aspergilli. In this study, four Aspergillus strains from Louisiana (one non-aflatoxigenic and three toxigenic) were grown on various substrates and had their headspaces captured and analyzed by solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (SPME/GC/MS), to find biocontrol and biomarker compounds. Here, we present a collection of nearly 100 fungus-related VOCs, many of which were substrate dependent. Thirty-one were produced across multiple replicates and the rest were observed in a single replicate. At least three VOCs unique to non-aflatoxigenic strain LA1 can be tested for biocontrol properties (e.g., euparone, 4-nonyne), and at least four VOCs unique to toxigenic strains LA2-LA4 can be explored as biomarkers (e.g., 2-heptanone, glycocyamidine) to detect their presence while infecting crops in the field or in storage.
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4
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Ponce MA, Lizarraga S, Bruce A, Kim TN, Morrison WR. Grain Inoculated with Different Growth Stages of the Fungus, Aspergillus flavus, Affect the Close-Range Foraging Behavior by a Primary Stored Product Pest, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:927-939. [PMID: 35964294 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although some research has investigated the interactions among stored product insects and microbes, little research has examined how specific fungal life stages affect volatile emissions in grain and linked it to the behavior of Sitophilus oryzae, the cosmopolitan rice weevil. Thus, our goals were to 1) isolate, culture, and identify two fungal life stages of Aspergillus flavus, 2) characterize the volatile emissions from grain inoculated by each fungal morphotype, and 3) understand how microbially-produced volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) from each fungal morphotype affect foraging, attraction, and preference by S. oryzae. We hypothesized that the headspace blends would be unique among our treatments and that this will lead to preferential mobility by S. oryzae among treatments. Using headspace collection coupled with GC-MS, we found the sexual life stage of A. flavus had the most unique emissions of MVOCs compared to the other semiochemical treatments. This translated to a higher interaction with kernels containing grain with the A. flavus sexual life stage, as well as a higher cumulative time spent in those zones by S. oryzae in a video-tracking assay in comparison to the asexual life stage. While fungal cues were important for foraging at close-range, the release-recapture assay indicated that grain volatiles were more important for attraction at longer distances. There was no significant preference between grain and MVOCs in a four-way olfactometer. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of how fungal cues affect the close and longer range foraging ecology of a primarily stored product insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Ponce
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | - Alexander Bruce
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - William R Morrison
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS, USA
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5
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Doting EL, Davie-Martin CL, Johansen A, Benning LG, Tranter M, Rinnan R, Anesio AM. Greenland Ice Sheet Surfaces Colonized by Microbial Communities Emit Volatile Organic Compounds. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:886293. [PMID: 35747370 PMCID: PMC9211068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.886293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted by organisms for a range of physiological and ecological reasons. They play an important role in biosphere–atmosphere interactions and contribute to the formation of atmospheric secondary aerosols. The Greenland ice sheet is home to a variety of microbial communities, including highly abundant glacier ice algae, yet nothing is known about the VOCs emitted by glacial communities. For the first time, we present VOC emissions from supraglacial habitats colonized by active microbial communities on the southern Greenland ice sheet during July 2020. Emissions of C5–C30 compounds from bare ice, cryoconite holes, and red snow were collected using a push–pull chamber active sampling system. A total of 92 compounds were detected, yielding mean total VOC emission rates of 3.97 ± 0.70 μg m–2 h–1 from bare ice surfaces (n = 31), 1.63 ± 0.13 μg m–2 h–1 from cryoconite holes (n = 4), and 0.92 ± 0.08 μg m–2 h–1 from red snow (n = 2). No correlations were found between VOC emissions and ice surface algal counts, but a weak positive correlation (r = 0.43, p = 0.015, n = 31) between VOC emission rates from bare ice surfaces and incoming shortwave radiation was found. We propose that this may be due to the stress that high solar irradiance causes in bare ice microbial communities. Acetophenone, benzaldehyde, and phenylmaleic anhydride, all of which have reported antifungal activity, accounted for 51.1 ± 11.7% of emissions from bare ice surfaces, indicating a potential defense strategy against fungal infections. Greenland ice sheet microbial habitats are, hence, potential sources of VOCs that may play a role in supraglacial microbial interactions, as well as local atmospheric chemistry, and merit future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L. Doting
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Eva L. Doting,
| | - Cleo L. Davie-Martin
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Johansen
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Liane G. Benning
- Interface Geochemistry, German Research Centre for Geosciences, GFZ Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martyn Tranter
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandre M. Anesio
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Alexandre M. Anesio,
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6
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Tait AW, Wilson SA, Tomkins AG, Hamilton JL, Gagen EJ, Holman AI, Grice K, Preston LJ, Paterson DJ, Southam G. Preservation of Terrestrial Microorganisms and Organics Within Alteration Products of Chondritic Meteorites from the Nullarbor Plain, Australia. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:399-415. [PMID: 35100042 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2020.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Meteorites that fall to Earth quickly become contaminated with terrestrial microorganisms. These meteorites are out of chemical equilibrium in the environments where they fall, and equilibration promotes formation of low-temperature alteration minerals that can entomb contaminant microorganisms and thus preserve them as microfossils. Given the well-understood chemistry of meteorites and their recent discovery on Mars by rovers, a similarly weathered meteorite on Mars could preserve organic and fossil evidence of a putative past biosphere at the martian surface. Here, we used several techniques to assess the potential of alteration minerals to preserve microfossils and biogenic organics in terrestrially weathered ordinary chondrites from the Nullarbor Plain, Australia. We used acid etching of ordinary chondrites to reveal entombed fungal hyphae, modern biofilms, and diatoms within alteration minerals. We employed synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy of alteration mineral veins to map the distribution of redox-sensitive elements of relevance to chemolithotrophic organisms, such as Mn-cycling bacteria. We assessed the biogenicity of fungal hyphae within alteration veins using a combination of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which showed that alteration minerals sequester and preserve organic molecules at various levels of decomposition. Our combined analyses results show that fossil microorganisms and the organic molecules they produce are preserved within calcite-gypsum admixtures in meteorites. Furthermore, the distributions of redox-sensitive elements (e.g., Mn) within alteration minerals are localized, which qualitatively suggests that climatically or microbially facilitated element mobilization occurred during the meteorite's residency on Earth. If returned as part of a sample suite from the martian surface, ordinary chondrites could preserve similar, recognizable evidence of putative past life and/or environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair W Tait
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siobhan A Wilson
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew G Tomkins
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica L Hamilton
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma J Gagen
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alex I Holman
- Western Australian Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kliti Grice
- Western Australian Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Louisa J Preston
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gordon Southam
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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7
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Identification of New Natural Sources of Flavour and Aroma Metabolites from Solid-State Fermentation of Agro-Industrial By-Products. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020157. [PMID: 35208231 PMCID: PMC8877680 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing consumer demand for natural flavours and fragrances has driven up prices and increased pressure on natural resources. A shift in consumer preference towards more sustainable and economical sources of these natural additives and away from synthetic production has encouraged research into alternative supplies of these valuable compounds. Solid-state fermentation processes support the natural production of secondary metabolites, which represents most flavour and aroma compounds, while agro-industrial by-products are a low-value waste stream with a high potential for adding value. Accordingly, four filamentous fungi species with a history of use in the production of fermented foods and food additives were tested to ferment nine different agro-industrial by-products. Hundreds of volatile compounds were produced and identified using headspace (HS) solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Four compounds of interest, phenylacetaldehyde, methyl benzoate, 1-octen-3-ol, and phenylethyl alcohol, were extracted and quantified. Preliminary yields were encouraging compared to traditional sources. This, combined with the low-cost substrates and the high-value natural flavours and aromas produced, presents a compelling case for further optimisation of the process.
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8
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Josselin L, De Clerck C, De Boevre M, Moretti A, Jijakli MH, Soyeurt H, Fauconnier ML. Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Aspergillus flavus Strains Producing or Not Aflatoxin B1. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:705. [PMID: 34678998 PMCID: PMC8539470 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a phytopathogenic fungus able to produce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a carcinogenic mycotoxin that can contaminate several crops and food commodities. In A. flavus, two different kinds of strains can co-exist: toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains. Microbial-derived volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) emitted by toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of A. flavus were analyzed by solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in a time-lapse experiment after inoculation. Among the 84 mVOCs emitted, 44 were previously listed in the scientific literature as specific to A. flavus, namely alcohols (2-methylbutan-1-ol, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol), aldehydes (2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal), hydrocarbons (toluene, styrene), furans (2,5-dimethylfuran), esters (ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate), and terpenes (epizonaren, trans-caryophyllene, valencene, α-copaene, β-himachalene, γ-cadinene, γ-muurolene, δ-cadinene). For the first time, other identified volatile compounds such as α-cadinol, cis-muurola-3,5-diene, α-isocomene, and β-selinene were identified as new mVOCs specific to the toxigenic A. flavus strain. Partial Least Square Analysis (PLSDA) showed a distinct pattern between mVOCs emitted by toxigenic and non-toxigenic A. flavus strains, mostly linked to the diversity of terpenes emitted by the toxigenic strains. In addition, the comparison between mVOCs of the toxigenic strain and its non-AFB1-producing mutant, coupled with a semi-quantification of the mVOCs, revealed a relationship between emitted terpenes (β-chamigrene, α-corocalene) and AFB1 production. This study provides evidence for the first time of mVOCs being linked to the toxigenic character of A. flavus strains, as well as terpenes being able to be correlated to the production of AFB1 due to the study of the mutant. This study could lead to the development of new techniques for the early detection and identification of toxigenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Josselin
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Caroline De Clerck
- AgricultureIsLife, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - M. Haïssam Jijakli
- Integrated and Urban Plant Pathology Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Hélène Soyeurt
- Statistic, Informatic and Applied Modelling, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
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9
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Detection of Alternaria alternata in tomato juice and fresh fruit by the production of its biomass, respiration, and volatile compounds. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 342:109092. [PMID: 33607541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is widely consumed and marketed as juice, puree, or fresh product. Nevertheless, 30% of its harvest volume is lost because of the fungus Alternaria alternata. This research aimed to provide early detection methods for this fungal decay on tomato juice and fresh fruit. Biomass content, CO2, O2 and volatile compounds (VOCs) during A. alternata growth in tomato juice and fruit at two ripening stages (breaker and red colour) were evaluated. Additionally, CO2 and VOCs data set were analysed with a hierarchical cluster technique (HCA) to explore the differences between inoculated and non-inoculated samples. Biomass was determined by gravimetry, CO2 and O2 by gas chromatography (GC), and VOCs by GC-mass spectrometry. Biomass content was not drastically modified by tomato's ripening stage (3-6 mg of dry weight). CO2 in tomato juice was considerably higher in the inoculated samples with A. alternata (27-63%) than in the non-inoculated ones (2.8-6.6%), regardless of the ripeness stage; while in tomato fruit CO2 was higher at breaker stage and inoculated with A. alternata (33-41%) than the remaining treatments (9-23%). It was also observed that, except for limonene, trans-sabinene hydrate, and rhodovibrin, VOCs' release during the interaction between tomato juice and A. alternata was different from the fresh tomato and A. alternata interaction. Only the HCA based on CO2 data showed clear differences between the inoculated and non-inoculated tomato juice and fruit at both ripening stages.
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10
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Control of Penicillium glabrum by Indigenous Antagonistic Yeast from Vineyards. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121864. [PMID: 33327475 PMCID: PMC7764915 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocontrol is one of the most promising alternatives to synthetic fungicides for food preservation. Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, and Aspergillus section Nigri are the most concerning pathogens for grape development. However, frequently, other species, such as Penicillium glabrum in this study, are predominant in spoiled bunches. In this work, 54 native yeasts from vineyards were screened by direct confrontation in potato dextrose agar plates as antagonists against P. glabrum. Isolates of Pichia terricola, Aureobasidium pullulans, and Zygoascus meyerae were selected for their antagonist activity in vitro, plus isolates of Pichia kudriavzevii, Hormonema viticola, and Hanseniaspora uvarum were used as negative controls. However, in vivo, confrontations in wounded grapes showed disagreement with direct confrontation in vitro. P. terricola, P. kudriavzevii, H. viticola, Z. meyerae, and H. uvarum significantly reduced the incidence of P. glabrum on grapes. Nevertheless, P. terricola, H. viticola, and H. uvarum themselves spoiled the wounded grapes. Inhibitions were associated with different mechanisms such as the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), lytic enzymes, biofilm formation, and competition for nutrients. The isolates of P. kudriavzevii L18 (a producer of antifungal VOCs which completely inhibited the incidence of P. glabrum) and Z. meyerae L29 (with pectinase, chitinase and β-glucanase activity and biofilm formation which reduced 70% of the incidence of P. glabrum) are proposed as suitable biocontrol agents against P. glabrum.
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11
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Rojas-Flores C, Ventura-Aguilar RI, Bautista-Baños S, Revah S, Saucedo-Lucero JO. Estimating CO2 and VOCs production of Colletotrichum fragariae and Rhizopus stolonifer grown in cold stored strawberry fruit. Microbiol Res 2019; 228:126327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Park MK, Seo JA, Kim YS. Comparative study on metabolic changes of Aspergillus oryzae isolated from fermented foods according to culture conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 307:108270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Liu L, Kong W, He L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ma M, Zhang L, Zhou J, Cui L, Han Y. Volatile Profiles from Traditional Chinese Oat Meal Varied Significantly from Oat Porridge and Differed with Cultivars and Locations. J Food Sci 2019; 84:2432-2440. [PMID: 31408216 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Volatile profiles of oat-based foods are mainly analyzed on the oat flakes and porridge as snack or breakfast, whereas the volatile characteristics of the traditional Chinese oat meal (TCOM), a popular main food in some regions of northern China, with special strong aroma, are not known. Here, we compared the volatile profiles from headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of oat porridge (OP) and TCOM, which were of different processing and cooking methods, from those of different cultivars, and analyzed the effect of cultivation locations on oat volatile features. Apart from the 35 volatiles shared by OP and TCOM, there were 23 and 24 volatiles specific to OP and TCOM, respectively, with the later showing more toasting and frying-related volatiles due to the dry frying process of the grains before milling. Principle component analysis of the volatiles of OP and TCOM from 16 cultivars showed that they were clustered into two groups, and four cultivars were clustered together, independent of processing and cooking methods. The oat volatile profiles of cultivars grown in three regions of north China were dependent on the cultivation locations rather than cultivars, regardless of OP or TCOM, with those from Datong of Shanxi Province and Zhangjiakou of Hebei Province clustered together. The location effect could be due to significant less precipitation in the two regions above than the other region Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The volatile compounds in oat are closely related to cultivation regions, which could be applied as a key factor by oat producers for marketing. The four cultivars showed similar and stable volatile profiles, which could be used as reference cultivars for breeding of high-quality oat with better flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural Univ., Taigu, 030801, China.,Inst. of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan, 030031, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Weina Kong
- Inst. of Plant Protection, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Lu He
- Maize Research Inst., Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinzhou, 034000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural Univ., Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yiru Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural Univ., Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Mingchuan Ma
- Inst. of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan, 030031, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Inst. of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan, 030031, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Inst. of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan, 030031, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Lin Cui
- Inst. of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan, 030031, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Genetic Improvement of Minor Crops, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural Univ., Taigu, 030801, China.,Inst. of Crop Germplasm Resources Research, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030031, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan, 030031, China
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14
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Lee JI, Kim DW, Jang GJ, Song S, Park KJ, Lim JH, Kim BM, Lee HJ, Chen F, Ryu YB, Kim HJ. Effects of different storage conditions on the metabolite and microbial profiles of white rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 28:623-631. [PMID: 31093419 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial populations in white rice (Oryza sativa L.) samples stored for 6 months in open or closed conditions were studied and their metabolite profiles analyzed using GC/MS to elucidate the relationship between storage and rice quality. Rice samples stored in open conditions at 25 °C were contaminated by Aspergillus tritici, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Penicillium sp., whereas the control stored in closed conditions at 5 °C was mainly contaminated by Hyphopichia burtonii and A. tritici. These differences resulted in significantly different metabolite profiles. Increased mold population decreased the levels of fresh rice flavor-associated volatile metabolites and primary energy sources, but increased the levels of metabolites associated with lipid oxidation, polyols, and energy production. Thus, rice quality, especially flavor, could be significantly influenced by the increased mold population caused by open storage at 25 °C; volatile metabolites and polyols are potential indicators of rice quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-In Lee
- 1Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang Korea.,6Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212 Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- 1Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang Korea
| | - Gwang-Ju Jang
- 1Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang Korea
| | - Seonghwa Song
- 1Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang Korea
| | - Kee Jai Park
- 3Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- 3Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi Korea
| | - Bo-Min Kim
- 1Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- 1Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang Korea
| | - Feng Chen
- 5Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Young Bae Ryu
- 6Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212 Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- 1Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsang Korea.,2Department of Food Science & Technology and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam Korea.,EZmass Co. Ltd., Jinju, Gyeongnam Korea
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15
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Peixoto L, Salazar LTH, Laska M. Olfactory sensitivity for mold-associated odorants in CD-1 mice and spider monkeys. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2018; 204:821-833. [PMID: 30203157 PMCID: PMC6182676 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-018-1285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Using operant conditioning procedures, we assessed the olfactory sensitivity of six CD-1 mice and three spider monkeys for mold-associated odorants. We found that with all eight stimuli, the mice detected concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm (parts per million), and with two of them individual animals even detected concentrations as low as 1 ppt (parts per trillion). The spider monkeys detected concentrations as low as 4 ppm with all eight stimuli, and with four of them individual animals even detected concentrations as low as 4 ppb (parts per billion). Between-species comparisons showed that with all eight odorants, the mice displayed significantly lower threshold values, that is, a higher sensitivity than the spider monkeys, but not than human subjects tested in previous studies. Analysis of odor structure–activity relationships showed that in both species, the type of oxygen-containing functional group and the presence versus absence of a double bond as well as the length of the carbon backbone of the odor stimuli had a systematic effect on detectability. We conclude that both mice and spider monkeys are clearly able to detect the presence of molds and thus to assess the palatability of potential food using the volatiles produced by molds during putrefaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Peixoto
- IFM Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Matthias Laska
- IFM Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
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16
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Mookherjee A, Bera P, Mitra A, Maiti MK. Characterization and Synergistic Effect of Antifungal Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by the Geotrichum candidum PF005, an Endophytic Fungus from the Eggplant. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 75:647-661. [PMID: 28894891 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant-associated endophytes are recognized as sources of novel bioactive molecules having diverse applications. In this study, an endophytic yeast-like fungal strain was isolated from the fruit of eggplant (Solanum melongena) and identified as Geotrichum candidum through phenotypic and genotypic characterizations. This endophytic G. candidum isolate PF005 was found to emit fruity scented volatiles. The compositional profiling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) revealed the presence of 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, 2-phenylethanol, isopentyl acetate, naphthalene, and isobutyl acetate in significant proportion when analyzed on a time-course basis. The VOCs from G. candidum exhibited significant mycelial growth inhibition (54%) of phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani, besides having mild antifungal activity against a few other fungi. The source of carbon as a nutrient was found to be an important factor for the enhanced biosynthesis of antifungal VOCs. The antifungal activity against phytopathogen R. solani was improved up to 91% by feeding the G. candidum with selective precursors of alcohol and ester volatiles. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of VOCs was enhanced synergistically up to 92% upon the exogenous addition of naphthalene (1.0 mg/plate). This is the first report of G. candidum as an endophyte emitting antifungal VOCs, wherein 2-penylethanol, isopentyl acetate, and naphthalene were identified as important contributors to its antifungal activity. Possible utilization of G. candidum PF005 as a mycofumigant has been discussed based upon its antifungal activity and the qualified presumption of safety status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirup Mookherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Paramita Bera
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Adinpunya Mitra
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Mrinal K Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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17
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Chemometric Analysis of the Volatile Compounds Generated by Aspergillus carbonarius Strains Isolated from Grapes and Dried Vine Fruits. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10020071. [PMID: 29415459 PMCID: PMC5848172 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in grape production is an important problem worldwide. Microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) have been demonstrated as useful tools to identify different toxigenic strains. In this study, Aspergillus carbonarius strains were classified into two groups, moderate toxigenic strains (MT) and high toxigenic strains (HT), according to OTA-forming ability. The MVOCs were analyzed by GC-MS and the data processing was based on untargeted profiling using XCMS Online software. Orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was performed using extract ion chromatogram GC-MS datasets. For contrast, quantitative analysis was also performed. Results demonstrated that the performance of the OPLS-DA model of untargeted profiling was better than the quantitative method. Potential markers were successfully discovered by variable importance on projection (VIP) and t-test. (E)-2-octen-1-ol, octanal, 1-octen-3-one, styrene, limonene, methyl-2-phenylacetate and 3 unknown compounds were selected as potential markers for the MT group. Cuparene, (Z)-thujopsene, methyl octanoate and 1 unknown compound were identified as potential markers for the HT groups. Finally, the selected markers were used to construct a supported vector machine classification (SVM-C) model to check classification ability. The models showed good performance with the accuracy of cross-validation and test prediction of 87.93% and 92.00%, respectively.
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18
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VOC emissions influence intra- and interspecific interactions among stored-product Coleoptera in paddy rice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2052. [PMID: 29391446 PMCID: PMC5794852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20420-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is a pivotal sense for insects and granivorous pests may exploit grain volatiles for food selection. Tribolium confusum, is a secondary pest of stored cereals that benefits from primary pests’ infestation, as other secondary feeders, triggering competition. This study aimed to evaluate the preferences of T. confusum females toward different-infested paddy rice, highlighting the impact of intra- and interspecific competition. Tribolium confusum showed positive chemotaxis toward rice infested by larvae of a primary pest (Sitophilus zeamais), but not for grain attacked by adults alone. Furthermore, kernels concurrently infested by a primary (S. zeamais) and a secondary pest (T. confusum or Cryptolestes ferrugineus) were evaluated in Y-tube bioassays, highlighting that both food-sources were innately attractive for T. confusum females. Moreover, females positively oriented toward rice infested by conspecifics, while they avoided grain infested by C. ferrugineus, averting an extremely competitive habitat. Behavioural responses of T. confusum females and volatile emissions of different-infested rice highlighted the occurrence of plant-mediated interactions among insects from the same trophic guild. Seventy volatiles were identified and significant differences among the tested food-sources were recorded, emphasizing the presence of 6 putative attractants and 6 repellents, which may be useful biocontrol tools.
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19
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Mastrandrea L, Amodio ML, de Chiara MLV, Pati S, Colelli G. Effect of temperature abuse and improper atmosphere packaging on volatile profile and quality of rocket leaves. Food Packag Shelf Life 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Xu Y, Luo Z, Charles MT, Rolland D, Roussel D. Pre-harvest UV-C irradiation triggers VOCs accumulation with alteration of antioxidant enzymes and phytohormones in strawberry leaves. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 218:265-274. [PMID: 28918122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the biological and physiological effects of pre-harvest ultraviolet (UV)-C treatment on growing plants. However, little is known about the involvement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their response to this treatment. In this study, strawberry plants were exposed to three different doses of UV-C radiation for seven weeks (a low dose: 9.6kJm-2; a medium dose: 15kJm-2; and a high-dose: 29.4kJm-2). Changes in VOC profiles were investigated and an attempt was made to identify factors that may be involved in the regulation of these alterations. Principle compounds analysis revealed that VOC profiles of UV-C treated samples were significantly altered with 26 VOCs being the major contributors to segregation. Among them, 18 fatty acid-derived VOCs accumulated in plants that received high and medium dose of UV-C treatments with higher lipoxygenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities. In treated samples, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and peroxidase was inhibited, resulting in a reduced antioxidant capacity and higher lipid peroxidation. Simultaneously, jasmonic acid level was 74% higher in the high-dose group while abscisic acid content was more than 12% lower in both the medium and high-dose UV-C treated samples. These results indicated that pre-harvest UV-C treatment stimulated the biosynthesis of fatty acid-derived VOCs in strawberry leaf tissue by upregulating the activity of enzymes of the LOX biosynthetic pathway and downregulating antioxidant enzyme activities. It is further suggested that the mechanisms underlying fatty acid-derived VOCs biosynthesis in UV-C treated strawberry leaves are associated with UV-C-induced changes in phytohormone profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Xu
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre,430 Boulevard Gouin, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3 B 3E6, Canada
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Marie Thérèse Charles
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre,430 Boulevard Gouin, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3 B 3E6, Canada.
| | - Daniel Rolland
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre,430 Boulevard Gouin, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3 B 3E6, Canada
| | - Dominique Roussel
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre,430 Boulevard Gouin, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3 B 3E6, Canada
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21
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Rizvi S, Raman A. Botrytis cinerea(Helotiales Sclerotiniaceae)-induced changes inVitis vinifera(Vitales Vitaceae) leaves influence the oviposition behaviour and life history ofEpiphyas postvittana(Lepidoptera Tortricidae). ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2017.1285817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rizvi
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Primary Industries, NSW and Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Anantanarayanan Raman
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Primary Industries, NSW and Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
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22
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Lee SM, Oh J, Hurh BS, Jeong GH, Shin YK, Kim YS. Volatile Compounds Produced by Lactobacillus paracasei During Oat Fermentation. J Food Sci 2016; 81:C2915-C2922. [PMID: 27925257 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the profiles of volatile compounds produced by Lactobacillus paracasei during oat fermentation using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with headspace solid-phase microextraction method. A total of 60 compounds, including acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, furan derivatives, hydrocarbons, ketones, sulfur-containing compounds, terpenes, and other compounds, were identified in fermented oat. Lipid oxidation products such as 2-pentylfuran, 1-octen-3-ol, hexanal, and nonanal were found to be the main contributors to oat samples fermented by L. paracasei with the level of 2-pentylfuran being the highest. In addition, the contents of ketones, alcohols, acids, and furan derivatives in the oat samples consistently increased with the fermentation time. On the other hand, the contents of degradation products of amino acids, such as 3-methylbutanal, benzaldehyde, acetophenone, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide, decreased in oat samples during fermentation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to discriminate the fermented oat samples according to different fermentation times. The fermented oats were clearly differentiated on PCA plots. The initial fermentation stage was mainly affected by aldehydes, whereas the later samples of fermented oats were strongly associated with acids, alcohols, furan derivatives, and ketones. The application of PCA to data of the volatile profiles revealed that the oat samples fermented by L. paracasei could be distinguished according to fermentation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Lee
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ, 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Oh
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ, 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Serk Hurh
- Sempio Foods Company R&D Center, Cheongju, 363-954, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi-Hwa Jeong
- Sempio Foods Company R&D Center, Cheongju, 363-954, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Keum Shin
- Sempio Foods Company R&D Center, Cheongju, 363-954, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ, 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
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23
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Detection of volatile metabolites of moulds isolated from a contaminated library. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 128:34-41. [PMID: 27392938 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Buśko M, Stuper K, Jeleń H, Góral T, Chmielewski J, Tyrakowska B, Perkowski J. Comparison of Volatiles Profile and Contents of Trichothecenes Group B, Ergosterol, and ATP of Bread Wheat, Durum Wheat, and Triticale Grain Naturally Contaminated by Mycobiota. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1243. [PMID: 27597856 PMCID: PMC4992695 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In natural conditions cereals can be infested by pathogenic fungi. These can reduce the grain yield and quality by contamination with mycotoxins which are harmful for plants, animals, and humans. To date, performed studies of the compounds profile have allowed for the distinction of individual species of fungi. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of volatile compounds and trichothecenes of group B, ergosterol, adenosine triphosphate content carried out on a representative sample of 16 genotypes of related cereals: triticale, bread wheat, and durum wheat. Based on an analysis of volatile compounds by means of gas chromatography mass spectrometry and with the use of an electronic nose, volatile profiles for cereals were determined. Differentiation is presented at four levels through discriminant analysis, heatmaps, principal component analysis (PCA), and electronic nose maps. The statistical model was built by subsequent incorporation of chemical groups such as trichothecenes (GC/MS), fungal biomass indicators ergosterol (HPLC) and ATP (luminometric) and volatiles. The results of the discriminatory analyses showed that the volatile metabolites most markedly differentiated grain samples, among which were mainly: lilial, trichodiene, p-xylene. Electronic nose analysis made it possible to completely separate all the analyzed cereals based only on 100 ions from the 50-150 m/z range. The research carried out using chemometric analysis indicated significant differences in the volatile metabolites present in the grain of bread wheat, durum wheat and triticale. The end result of the performed analyses was a complete discrimination of the examined cereals based on the metabolites present in their grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Buśko
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Kinga Stuper
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Henryk Jeleń
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life SciencesPoznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute NRIRadzików, Poland
| | - Jarosław Chmielewski
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Poznań University of EconomicsPoznan, Poland
| | - Bożena Tyrakowska
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Poznań University of EconomicsPoznan, Poland
| | - Juliusz Perkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life SciencesPoznan, Poland
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25
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Chung JH, Song GC, Ryu CM. Sweet scents from good bacteria: Case studies on bacterial volatile compounds for plant growth and immunity. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 90:677-87. [PMID: 26177913 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial bacteria produce diverse chemical compounds that affect the behavior of other organisms including plants. Bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs) contribute to triggering plant immunity and promoting plant growth. Previous studies investigated changes in plant physiology caused by in vitro application of the identified volatile compounds or the BVC-emitting bacteria. This review collates new information on BVC-mediated plant-bacteria airborne interactions, addresses unresolved questions about the biological relevance of BVCs, and summarizes data on recently identified BVCs that improve plant growth or protection. Recent explorations of bacterial metabolic engineering to alter BVC production using heterologous or endogenous genes are introduced. Molecular genetic approaches can expand the BVC repertoire of beneficial bacteria to target additional beneficial effects, or simply boost the production level of naturally occurring BVCs. The effects of direct BVC application in soil are reviewed and evaluated for potential large-scale field and agricultural applications. Our review of recent BVC data indicates that BVCs have great potential to serve as effective biostimulants and bioprotectants even under open-field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-hui Chung
- Molecular Phytobactriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea
| | - Geun Cheol Song
- Molecular Phytobactriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobactriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea.
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea.
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El Ariebi N, Hiscox J, Scriven SA, Müller CT, Boddy L. Production and effects of volatile organic compounds during interspecific interactions. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dong L, Liu R, Dong H, Piao Y, Hu X, Li C, Cong L, Zhao C. Volatile metabolite profiling of malt contaminated by Fusarium poae during malting. J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Optimization of headspace solid phase microextraction for the analysis of microbial volatile organic compounds emitted by fungi: Application to historical objects. J Chromatogr A 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mochalski P, Unterkofler K, Teschl G, Amann A. Potential of volatile organic compounds as markers of entrapped humans for use in urban search-and-rescue operations. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bergmann A, Trefz P, Fischer S, Klepik K, Walter G, Steffens M, Ziller M, Schubert JK, Reinhold P, Köhler H, Miekisch W. In Vivo Volatile Organic Compound Signatures of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123980. [PMID: 25915653 PMCID: PMC4411140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of a chronic enteric disease of ruminants. Available diagnostic tests are complex and slow. In vitro, volatile organic compound (VOC) patterns emitted from MAP cultures mirrored bacterial growth and enabled distinction of different strains. This study was intended to determine VOCs in vivo in the controlled setting of an animal model. VOCs were pre-concentrated from breath and feces of 42 goats (16 controls and 26 MAP-inoculated animals) by means of needle trap microextraction (breath) and solid phase microextraction (feces) and analyzed by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry. Analyses were performed 18, 29, 33, 41 and 48 weeks after inoculation. MAP-specific antibodies and MAP-specific interferon-γ-response were determined from blood. Identities of all marker-VOCs were confirmed through analysis of pure reference substances. Based on detection limits in the high pptV and linear ranges of two orders of magnitude more than 100 VOCs could be detected in breath and in headspace over feces. Twenty eight substances differed between inoculated and non-inoculated animals. Although patterns of most prominent substances such as furans, oxygenated substances and hydrocarbons changed in the course of infection, differences between inoculated and non-inoculated animals remained detectable at any time for 16 substances in feces and 3 VOCs in breath. Differences of VOC concentrations over feces reflected presence of MAP bacteria. Differences in VOC profiles from breath were linked to the host response in terms of interferon-γ-response. In a perspective in vivo analysis of VOCs may help to overcome limitations of established tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bergmann
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Phillip Trefz
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sina Fischer
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus Klepik
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gudrun Walter
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Steffens
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mario Ziller
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Greifswald, Germany, and Biomathematics Working Group,Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jochen K. Schubert
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Petra Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
| | - Heike Köhler
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Kum SJ, Yang SO, Lee SM, Chang PS, Choi YH, Lee JJ, Hurh BS, Kim YS. Effects of Aspergillus species inoculation and their enzymatic activities on the formation of volatile components in fermented soybean paste (doenjang). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1401-18. [PMID: 25590895 DOI: 10.1021/jf5056002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The volatile components of rice-koji doenjang produced in association with various Aspergillus species (A. oryzae, A. sojae, and A. kawachii) during 8 weeks of fermentation were compared using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and multivariate statistical analysis. In addition, the activities of diverse enzymes (α-amylase, protease, lipase, and esterase) were determined to investigate their effects on the formation of volatile compounds. Regardless of the fungi types, carbonyls including 4-methylheptan-2-one, heptan-2-one, (E)-hept-2-enal, and hexanal were found to contribute mainly to early phase fermentation, whereas the contents of ethyl esters of long-chained fatty acids were considerably enhanced in the latter stage of fermentation. With the exception of α-amylase, the activities of the studied enzymes generally increased as fermentation proceeded, and there were significant differences in enzymes activities between the species of fungi. The lipase activity was strongly correlated with the formation of long-chain fatty acid esters, which could be related to the distinctive organoleptic properties of rice-koji doenjang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Joo Kum
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University , 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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Laddomada B, Del Coco L, Durante M, Presicce DS, Siciliano PA, Fanizzi FP, Logrieco AF. Volatile Metabolite Profiling of Durum Wheat Kernels Contaminated by Fusarium poae. Metabolites 2014; 4:932-45. [PMID: 25329776 PMCID: PMC4279153 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4040932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile metabolites from mold contamination have been proposed for the early identification of toxigenic fungi to prevent toxicological risks, but there are no such data available for Fusarium poae. F. poae is one of the species complexes involved in Fusarium head blight, a cereal disease that results in significant yield losses and quality reductions. The identification of volatile organic compounds associated with F. poae metabolism could provide good markers to indicate early fungal contamination. To this aim, we evaluated the volatile profile of healthy and F. poae-infected durum wheat kernels by SPME-GC/MS analysis. The production of volatile metabolites was monitored for seven days, and the time course analysis of key volatiles was determined. A total of 29 volatile markers were selected among the detected compounds, and multivariate analysis was applied to establish the relationship between potential volatile markers and fungal contamination. A range of volatile compounds, including alcohols, ketones, esters, furans and aromatics, were identified, both in contaminated and in healthy kernels. However, the overall volatile profile of infected samples and controls differed, indicating that the whole volatile profile, rather than individual volatile compounds, could be used to identify F. poae contamination of durum wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Laddomada
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Di.S.Te.B.A., University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Miriana Durante
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Dominique S Presicce
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Pietro A Siciliano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Francesco P Fanizzi
- Di.S.Te.B.A., University of Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), Via Amendola 122/O, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Optimization of Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Static Headspace Sampling of Low-Boiling Volatiles Emitted from Wild Rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Hung R, Lee S, Rodriguez-Saona C, Bennett JW. Common gas phase molecules from fungi affect seed germination and plant health in Arabidopsis thaliana. AMB Express 2014; 4:53. [PMID: 25045602 PMCID: PMC4100562 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important ecophysiological roles in mediating inter-kingdom signaling with arthropods but less is known about their interactions with plants. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana was used as a model in order to test the physiological effects of 23 common vapor-phase fungal VOCs that included alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and other chemical classes. After exposure to a shared atmosphere with the 23 individual VOCs for 72 hrs, seeds were assayed for rate of germination and seedling formation; vegetative plants were assayed for fresh weight and chlorophyll concentration. All but five of the VOCs tested (1-decene, 2-n-heptylfuran, nonanal, geosmin and -limonene) had a significant effect in inhibiting either germination, seedling formation or both. Seedling formation was entirely inhibited by exposure to 1-octen-3-one, 2-ethylhexanal, 3-methylbutanal, and butanal. As assayed by a combination of fresh weight and chlorophyll concentration, 2-ethylhexanal had a negative impact on two-week-old vegetative plants. Three other compounds (1-octen-3-ol, 2-ethylhexanal, and 2-heptylfuran) decreased fresh weight alone. Most of the VOCs tested did not change the fresh weight or chlorophyll concentration of vegetative plants. In summary, when tested as single compounds, fungal VOCs affected A. thaliana in positive, negative or neutral ways.
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Emission rates of selected volatile organic compounds from skin of healthy volunteers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 959:62-70. [PMID: 24768920 PMCID: PMC4013926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of volatiles emitted by human skin by SPME-GCMS. Determination of emission rates of 64 skin-borne species. Selection of potential skin-borne markers of human presence for rescue applications.
Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC–MS) coupled with solid phase micro-extraction as pre-concentration method (SPME) was applied to identify and quantify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by human skin. A total of 64 C4-C10 compounds were quantified in skin emanation of 31 healthy volunteers. Amongst them aldehydes and hydrocarbons were the predominant chemical families with eighteen and seventeen species, respectively. Apart from these, there were eight ketones, six heterocyclic compounds, six terpenes, four esters, two alcohols, two volatile sulphur compounds, and one nitrile. The observed median emission rates ranged from 0.55 to 4790 fmol cm−2 min−1. Within this set of analytes three volatiles; acetone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and acetaldehyde exhibited especially high emission rates exceeding 100 fmol cm−2 min−1. Thirty-three volatiles were highly present in skin emanation with incidence rates over 80%. These species can be considered as potential markers of human presence, which could be used for early location of entrapped victims during Urban Search and Rescue Operations (USaR).
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36
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Hung R, Lee S, Rodriguez-Saona C, Bennett JW. Common gas phase molecules from fungi affect seed germination and plant health in Arabidopsis thaliana. AMB Express 2014. [PMID: 25045602 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0053-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important ecophysiological roles in mediating inter-kingdom signaling with arthropods but less is known about their interactions with plants. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana was used as a model in order to test the physiological effects of 23 common vapor-phase fungal VOCs that included alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and other chemical classes. After exposure to a shared atmosphere with the 23 individual VOCs for 72 hrs, seeds were assayed for rate of germination and seedling formation; vegetative plants were assayed for fresh weight and chlorophyll concentration. All but five of the VOCs tested (1-decene, 2-n-heptylfuran, nonanal, geosmin and -limonene) had a significant effect in inhibiting either germination, seedling formation or both. Seedling formation was entirely inhibited by exposure to 1-octen-3-one, 2-ethylhexanal, 3-methylbutanal, and butanal. As assayed by a combination of fresh weight and chlorophyll concentration, 2-ethylhexanal had a negative impact on two-week-old vegetative plants. Three other compounds (1-octen-3-ol, 2-ethylhexanal, and 2-heptylfuran) decreased fresh weight alone. Most of the VOCs tested did not change the fresh weight or chlorophyll concentration of vegetative plants. In summary, when tested as single compounds, fungal VOCs affected A. thaliana in positive, negative or neutral ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hung
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick 08901, NJ, USA
| | - Samantha Lee
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick 08901, NJ, USA
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 96 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick 08901, NJ, USA
| | - Joan W Bennett
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick 08901, NJ, USA
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Lemfack MC, Nickel J, Dunkel M, Preissner R, Piechulla B. mVOC: a database of microbial volatiles. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:D744-8. [PMID: 24311565 PMCID: PMC3964988 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Scents are well known to be emitted from flowers and animals. In nature, these volatiles are responsible for inter- and intra-organismic communication, e.g. attraction and defence. Consequently, they influence and improve the establishment of organisms and populations in ecological niches by acting as single compounds or in mixtures. Despite the known wealth of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from species of the plant and animal kingdom, in the past, less attention has been focused on volatiles of microorganisms. Although fast and affordable sequencing methods facilitate the detection of microbial diseases, however, the analysis of signature or fingerprint volatiles will be faster and easier. Microbial VOCs (mVOCs) are presently used as marker to detect human diseases, food spoilage or moulds in houses. Furthermore, mVOCs exhibited antagonistic potential against pathogens in vitro, but their biological roles in the ecosystems remain to be investigated. Information on volatile emission from bacteria and fungi is presently scattered in the literature, and no public and up-to-date collection on mVOCs is available. To address this need, we have developed mVOC, a database available online at http://bioinformatics.charite.de/mvoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Chantal Lemfack
- University of Rostock, Institute of Biological Sciences, Rostock 18059, Germany, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Structural Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Physiology & Experimental Clinical Research Center, Berlin 13125, Germany and Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin 13353, Germany
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Trefz P, Koehler H, Klepik K, Moebius P, Reinhold P, Schubert JK, Miekisch W. Volatile emissions from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis mirror bacterial growth and enable distinction of different strains. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76868. [PMID: 24116177 PMCID: PMC3792893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of paratuberculosis in livestock is hampered by the low sensitivity of established direct and indirect diagnostic methods. Like other bacteria, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) emits volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Differences of VOC patterns in breath and feces of infected and not infected animals were described in first pilot experiments but detailed information on potential marker substances is missing. This study was intended to look for characteristic volatile substances in the headspace of cultures of different MAP strains and to find out how the emission of VOCs was affected by density of bacterial growth. One laboratory adapted and four field strains, three of MAP C-type and one MAP S-type were cultivated on Herrold’s egg yolk medium in dilutions of 10-0, 10-2, 10-4 and 10-6. Volatile substances were pre-concentrated from the headspace over the MAP cultures by means of Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME), thermally desorbed from the SPME fibers and separated and identified by means of GC-MS. Out of the large number of compounds found in the headspace over MAP cultures, 34 volatile marker substances could be identified as potential biomarkers for growth and metabolic activity. All five MAP strains could clearly be distinguished from blank culture media by means of emission patterns based on these 34 substances. In addition, patterns of volatiles emitted by the reference strain were significantly different from the field strains. Headspace concentrations of 2-ethylfuran, 2-methylfuran, 3-methylfuran, 2-pentylfuran, ethyl acetate, 1-methyl-1-H-pyrrole and dimethyldisulfide varied with density of bacterial growth. Analysis of VOCs emitted from mycobacterial cultures can be used to identify bacterial growth and, in addition, to differentiate between different bacterial strains. VOC emission patterns may be used to approximate bacterial growth density. In a perspective volatile marker substances could be used to diagnose MAP infections in animals and to identify different bacterial strains and origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Trefz
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Heike Koehler
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus Klepik
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Petra Moebius
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Reinhold
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Jochen K. Schubert
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Salvador ÂC, Baptista I, Barros AS, Gomes NCM, Cunha Â, Almeida A, Rocha SM. Can volatile organic metabolites be used to simultaneously assess microbial and mite contamination level in cereal grains and coffee beans? PLoS One 2013; 8:e59338. [PMID: 23613710 PMCID: PMC3628908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel approach based on headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–ToFMS) was developed for the simultaneous screening of microbial and mite contamination level in cereals and coffee beans. The proposed approach emerges as a powerful tool for the rapid assessment of the microbial contamination level (ca. 70 min versus ca. 72 to 120 h for bacteria and fungi, respectively, using conventional plate counts), and mite contamination (ca. 70 min versus ca. 24 h). A full-factorial design was performed for optimization of the SPME experimental parameters. The methodology was applied to three types of rice (rough, brown, and white rice), oat, wheat, and green and roasted coffee beans. Simultaneously, microbiological analysis of the samples (total aerobic microorganisms, moulds, and yeasts) was performed by conventional plate counts. A set of 54 volatile markers was selected among all the compounds detected by GC×GC–ToFMS. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied in order to establish a relationship between potential volatile markers and the level of microbial contamination. Methylbenzene, 3-octanone, 2-nonanone, 2-methyl-3-pentanol, 1-octen-3-ol, and 2-hexanone were associated to samples with higher microbial contamination level, especially in rough rice. Moreover, oat exhibited a high GC peak area of 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde, a sexual and alarm pheromone for adult mites, which in the other matrices appeared as a trace component. The number of mites detected in oat grains was correlated to the GC peak area of the pheromone. The HS-SPME/GC×GC–ToFMS methodology can be regarded as the basis for the development of a rapid and versatile method that can be applied in industry to the simultaneous assessment the level of microbiological contamination and for detection of mites in cereals grains and coffee beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângelo C. Salvador
- Departament of Chemistry, QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Baptista
- Departament of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António S. Barros
- Departament of Chemistry, QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Newton C. M. Gomes
- Departament of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ângela Cunha
- Departament of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Departament of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Silvia M. Rocha
- Departament of Chemistry, QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Sahlberg B, Gunnbjörnsdottir M, Soon A, Jogi R, Gislason T, Wieslander G, Janson C, Norback D. Airborne molds and bacteria, microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOC), plasticizers and formaldehyde in dwellings in three North European cities in relation to sick building syndrome (SBS). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 444:433-40. [PMID: 23280302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
There are few studies on associations between airborne microbial exposure, formaldehyde, plasticizers in dwellings and the symptoms compatible with the sick building syndrome (SBS). As a follow-up of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS II), indoor measurements were performed in homes in three North European cities. The aim was to examine whether volatile organic compounds of possible microbial origin (MVOCs), and airborne levels of bacteria, molds, formaldehyde, and two plasticizers in dwellings were associated with the prevalence of SBS, and to study associations between MVOCs and reports on dampness and mold. The study included homes from three centers included in ECRHS II. A total of 159 adults (57% females) participated (19% from Reykjavik, 40% from Uppsala, and 41% from Tartu). A random sample and additional homes with a history of dampness were included. Exposure measurements were performed in the 159 homes of the participants. MVOCs were analyzed by GCMS with selective ion monitoring (SIM). Symptoms were reported in a standardized questionnaire. Associations were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. In total 30.8% reported any SBS (20% mucosal, 10% general, and 8% dermal symptoms) and 41% of the homes had a history of dampness and molds There were positive associations between any SBS and levels of 2-pentanol (P=0.002), 2-hexanone (P=0.0002), 2-pentylfuran (P=0.009), 1-octen-3-ol (P=0.002), formaldehyde (P=0.05), and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (Texanol) (P=0.05). 1-octen-3-ol (P=0.009) and 3-methylfuran (P=0.002) were associated with mucosal symptoms. In dwellings with dampness and molds, the levels of total bacteria (P=0.02), total mold (P=0.04), viable mold (P=0.02), 3-methylfuran (P=0.008) and ethyl-isobutyrate (P=0.02) were higher. In conclusion, some MVOCs like 1-octen-3-ol, formaldehyde and the plasticizer Texanol, may be a risk factor for sick building syndrome. Moreover, concentrations of airborne molds, bacteria and some other MVOCs were slightly higher in homes with reported dampness and mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sahlberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Ryan TJ, Beaucham C. Dominant microbial volatile organic compounds in 23 US homes. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:977-985. [PMID: 22892356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Associating Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (MVOCs) with the species producing them may open the path to more rapid and reliable chemical methods to detect mold problems, especially for mold hidden in wall cavities or small enclosed spaces. This study associated the dominant MVOCs in a convenience sample of 23 homes with the mold species present. Three semi-quantitative predictors of mold growth ("MOW scores") were assessed in the homes through a comparison of basement to main floor areas. MVOC samples were collected and analyzed by GC/MS. Aerotek N-6 samplers were co-located with the MVOC samplers to collect bioaerosols. Concentration and prevalence data for 19 definitive MVOCs were compared with the bioaerosol data. Mold predictor scores were elevated in basement locations as compared with main floor areas. Of the 23 mold genera identified, the predominant genera (ranked occurrences) were Cladosporium, Penicillium, Basidiomycetes, and Aspergilli. The MVOCs 2-octen-1-ol, 3-octenone, 2-heptanone, 1-octen-3-ol, and 1-butanol showed the highest average concentrations (11-37 μg m(-3)), but no single MVOC was significantly elevated in basement locations as compared with main floor living areas in these non-problematic homes. Using a less conservative one-tail test of significance, average 2-octen-1-ol concentrations in basements were higher (p<0.040), and both 3-octenone and 1-octen-3-ol were elevated (p<0.095). Differences in MVOC occurrence were greatest between homes, with MVOCs found in basement locations typically detected in living areas at similar concentrations and frequencies. Based on these findings, the C(8) MVOCs show promise as gross indicators of fungal growth related to the most frequently found mold genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Ryan
- W 357 Grover Center, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, United States.
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Naznin HA, Kimura M, Miyazawa M, Hyakumachi M. Analysis of volatile organic compounds emitted by plant growth-promoting fungus Phoma sp. GS8-3 for growth promotion effects on tobacco. Microbes Environ 2012; 28:42-9. [PMID: 23080408 PMCID: PMC4070678 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We extracted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by a plant growth-promoting fungus (PGPF) Phoma sp. GS8-3 by gas chromatography and identified them by mass spectrometry. All of the identified compounds belonged to C4-C8 hydrocarbons. Volatiles varied in number and quantity by the culture period of the fungus (in days). 2-Methyl-propanol and 3-methyl-butanol formed the main components of the volatile blends for all the culture periods of fungus. Growth-promoting effects of the identified synthetic compounds were analyzed individually and in blends using tobacco plants. We found that the mixture of volatiles extracted from 3-day-old culture showed significant growth promotion in tobacco in vitro. The volatile blend showed better growth promotion at lower than higher concentrations. Our results confirm the potential role of volatile organic compounds in the mechanism of growth enhancement by GS8-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hushna Ara Naznin
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Gifu University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501–1193, Japan
| | - Minako Kimura
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501–1193, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Miyazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3–4–1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka-shi, Osaka 577–8502, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Hyakumachi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501–1193, Japan
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Volatile Mediated Interactions Between Bacteria and Fungi in the Soil. J Chem Ecol 2012; 38:665-703. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Effmert U, Kalderás J, Warnke R, Piechulla B. Volatile mediated interactions between bacteria and fungi in the soil. J Chem Ecol 2012. [PMID: 22653567 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0135-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil is one of the major habitats of bacteria and fungi. In this arena their interactions are part of a communication network that keeps microhabitats in balance. Prominent mediator molecules of these inter- and intraorganismic relationships are inorganic and organic microbial volatile compounds (mVOCs). In this review the state of the art regarding the wealth of mVOC emission is presented. To date, ca. 300 bacteria and fungi were described as VOC producers and approximately 800 mVOCs were compiled in DOVE-MO (database of volatiles emitted by microorganisms). Furthermore, this paper summarizes morphological and phenotypical alterations and reactions that occur in the organisms due to the presence of mVOCs. These effects might provide clues for elucidating the biological and ecological significance of mVOC emissions and will help to unravel the entirety of belowground' volatile-wired' interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Effmert
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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Polizzi V, Fazzini L, Adams A, Picco AM, De Saeger S, Van Peteghem C, De Kimpe N. Autoregulatory properties of (+)-thujopsene and influence of environmental conditions on its production by Penicillium decumbens. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2011; 62:838-52. [PMID: 21744159 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A Penicillium decumbens strain was collected from a water-damaged building, and the production of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) was investigated by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction, followed by GC-MS analysis. The strain was characterized by a high production of (+)-thujopsene. The influence of various temperatures, relative humidity (RH) values, substrates, and inoculum concentrations on fungal growth and (+)-thujopsene production was studied. The optimal temperature and relative humidity for P. decumbens growth were 30°C and 100% RH, respectively. In general, the more favourable the incubation parameters were for growth, the faster maximum (+)-thujopsene production was reached. Moreover, the antifungal activity of thujopsene was tested against 16 fungal strains. The growth of five of these fungal strains was negatively affected both by thujopsene alone and when grown in contact with the MVOCs produced by P. decumbens. Following these results and since growth of P. decumbens itself was also inhibited by thujopsene, an autoregulatory function for this compound was proposed. Few data are present in the literature about chemical communication between fungi. The present research could, therefore, contribute to understanding fungal metabolism and behaviour in indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Polizzi
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Sunesson A, Vaes W, Nilsson C, Blomquist G, Andersson B, Carlson R. Identification of volatile metabolites from five fungal species cultivated on two media. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 61:2911-8. [PMID: 16535095 PMCID: PMC1388549 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.8.2911-2918.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Five fungal species, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium commune, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Paecilomyces variotii, and Phialophora fastigiata, were cultivated on two media, malt extract agar and dichloran glycerol agar. Culture flasks provided with inlet and outlet tubes were used and purified, and humidified air was constantly led through the flasks. Air samples from the cultures were sorbed on Tenax GR and analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography. The produced volatile metabolites were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Various hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, ethers, esters, sulfur-containing compounds, and terpenes were identified. The most commonly produced substances were 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methylfuran, and dimethyl disulfide. The production was highly dependent on both medium and species.
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Araki A, Kawai T, Eitaki Y, Kanazawa A, Morimoto K, Nakayama K, Shibata E, Tanaka M, Takigawa T, Yoshimura T, Chikara H, Saijo Y, Kishi R. Relationship between selected indoor volatile organic compounds, so-called microbial VOC, and the prevalence of mucous membrane symptoms in single family homes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:2208-15. [PMID: 20188399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are known to produce a range of volatile organic compounds, so-called microbial VOC (MVOC). Chamber studies where humans were exposed to MVOC addressed the acute effects of objective and/or subjective signs of mucosal irritation. However, the effect of MVOC on inhabitants due to household exposure is still unclear. The purpose of this epidemiological study was to measure indoor MVOC levels in single family homes and to evaluate the relationship between exposure to them and sick building syndrome (SBS). All inhabitants of the dwellings were given a self-administered questionnaire with standardized questions to assess their symptoms. Air samples were collected and the concentrations of eight selected compounds in indoor air were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry - selective ion monitoring mode (GC/MS-SIM). The most frequently detected MVOC was 1-pentanol at a detection rate of 78.6% and geometric mean of 0.60 microg/m(3). Among 620 participants, 120 (19.4%) reported one or more mucous symptoms; irritation of the eyes, nose, airway, or coughing every week (weekly symptoms), and 30 (4.8%) reported that the symptoms were home-related (home-related symptoms). Weekly symptoms were not associated with any of MVOC, whereas significant associations between home-related mucous symptoms and 1-octen-3-ol (per log(10)-unit: odds ratio (OR) 5.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1 to 14.8) and 2-pentanol (per log(10)-unit: OR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.0 to 4.9) were obtained after adjustment for gender, age, and smoking. Associations between home-related symptoms and 1-octen-3-ol remained after mutual adjustment. However, concentrations of the selected compounds in indoors were lower than the estimated safety level in animal studies. Thus, the statistically significant association between 1-octen-3-ol may be due to a direct effect of the compounds or the associations may be being associated with other offending compounds. Additional studies are needed to evaluate these possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Araki
- Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
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Schuchardt S, Kruse H. Quantitative volatile metabolite profiling of common indoor fungi: relevancy for indoor air analysis. J Basic Microbiol 2009; 49:350-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200800152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Minerdi D, Bossi S, Gullino ML, Garibaldi A. Volatile organic compounds: a potential direct long-distance mechanism for antagonistic action ofFusarium oxysporumstrain MSA 35. Environ Microbiol 2009; 11:844-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) are a variety of compounds formed in the metabolism of fungi and bacteria. Of more than 200 compounds identified as MVOCs in laboratory experiments, none can be regarded as exclusively of microbial origin or as specific for certain microbial species. Thus, the recognition of microbially contaminated areas by MVOC measurements is not successful with current methods. In this review, the basic physical and chemical properties of 96 typical MVOCs have been summarised. Of these, toxicological and exposure data were gathered for the 15 MVOCs most often analysed and reported in buildings with moisture and microbial damage. The most obvious health effect of MVOC exposure is eye and upper-airway irritation. However, in human experimental exposure studies, symptoms of irritation have appeared at MVOC concentrations several orders of magnitude higher than those measured indoors (single MVOC levels in indoor environments have ranged from a few ng/m(3) up to 1 mg/m(3)). This is also supported by dose-dependent sensory-irritation response, as determined by the American Society for Testing and Materials mouse bioassay. On the other hand, the toxicological database is poor even for the 15 examined MVOCs. There may be more potent compounds and other endpoints not yet evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Korpi
- University of Kuopio, Department of Environmental Science, Kuopio, Finland.
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